Public Bicycle Sharing Plan for Vijayawada - MTIP Sem II Studio

PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING SYSTEM PLANNING As a part of Design based proposals for the Studio exercise APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION A CASE OF VIJAYAWADA

Transportation Planning Studio Department of Planning, School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

Prepared by: GURURAJA T.S. 2200600053 MTIP SEMESTER-II

INTEGRATION OF PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING & IMPROVING CYCLING INFRASTRUCTURE TO ENCOURAGE PUBLIC TRANSPORT RIDERSHIP & NMT NEED FOR THE PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING SYSTEM:

DEMAND ESTIMATION OF PBS SERVICE IN VIJAYAWADA

Public Bicycle Sharing (PBS) is emerging as one of the most sustainable, popular and attractive public transport modes throughout the world. Bicycles are made available to multiple users (on a sharing basis) for short duration trips, offering an option of returning them at different destinations., posing maximum flexibility with minimum liability.

BENEFITS OF PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING SYSTEM 1. FIRST & LAST MILE CONNECTIONS T

First mile

2.SPACE SUFFICIENCY

T

Transit stop

Infrastructure cost

Approach 1 – Minimum Station Density: The first approach uses the optimum station density as the primary parameter for determining system size. This approach is intended to ensure a network coverage and density that increases the viability of using the system. Demand estimation based on PBS Guidance document (MoHUA) suggests: ➢ 10-15 stations per sq.km of PBS influence area with 10 Bicycles/Station ➢ 61.88 Sq.kms Vijayawada requires 621 PBS stations & 6200 cycles ➢ i.e. 5 Bicycles per 1000 population is derived by approach.

0.1 ECS X 10

Last mile

3.ELIMINATE EXPENSES Fuel Consumption

Based on various insights from Successful PBS projects in India, the major demand assessment strategies followed are:.

1 ECS

This approach is based on the modal shift estimations i.e., probability of people who are likely to shift to the new system. In a PBS system short trip makers have the highest willingness to shift, considering distance and ranges that have the highest probability to shift to PBS over their existing mode of commuting.

4.AFFORDABILITY ₹80 RICKSHAW

Tax expenses

₹50 AUTO

Maintenance charges

5.REDUCE OVER CROWDING

56%-72% Of the trips in medium and

large cities are short trips (<5km) When travelling in peak hour, it takes

& 25 min 12 min

Bicycle reduces travel time to half

Approach 2 – Minimum Mode Shift:

₹20 SHARED AUTO ₹3 BICYCLE SHARING

6.ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

TRIP DISTRIBUTION BASED ON MODE AND DISTANCE OF VIJAYAWADA: 250000 200000

HIGHEST PROBABLE USERS

1-5 km

<1KM

>1 km 1-3 km 0-3 km

1-2 KM

150000

2-3KM

100000

3-5KM

50000

5-8KM >8KM

0 CYCLE

WALK

IPT

BUS

2W

DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIO M.PLAN(TIP) - II SEM

NEED AND DEMAND ASSESSMENT

SCHOOL OF PLANNING & ARCHITECTURE VIJAYAWADA

APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION - A CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADA

CAR

Source: CMP Vijayawada SHEET NO

T.S.GURURAJA 2200600053

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1.ESTIMATED PBS DEMAND IN VIJAYAWADA: sl no

PARAMETRE

VALUE (Source : CMP)

ESTIMATED DEMAND

1240020*1.3

1612026

1

Total Daily Trips (Population x per capita trip rate)

2

Total trips made by walk, cycle, IPT & Transit

17.5% + 7.7% +10.7% + 22.2% =58.1%

936587

55%

515123

3

Trips made by walk(>500m), Cycle, IPT & Public Transit that are shorter than 3km Targeted Users (15-40 years age)

55% males & 28% females = 42% of whole

216352

5

Frequency of trips made daily

63%

136302

7

Peak Hour Demand (of Total Daily Trips)

9%

12267

PBS Full Demand of Vijayawada City

12267

4

► Emphasizing on Integration of PBS with Bus Transit, all the public bus stops are considered as primary Docking stations which can lodge 20 bicycles/docking station located for every 300 metres. Within 5.15 sq.kms of Service area, 81,797 population require 818 bicycles SERVICE AREA MAP OF PBS DOCKING STATIONS AT TRANSIT STOPS:

100m X 100m Fishnet grid Approach: Network Analysis Tool using Arcmap

➢ Total Population -1240020/ PBS Demand of Whole City 12267 means ➢ i.e., 10 Bicycles per 1000 population is derived by this approach.

2.PHASED PBS DEMAND ESTIMATION FOR SELECTED STRETCHES: Determining Station Location Criteria: • 10 Cycles/1000 pop • 10 PBS stations per square km • 20 cycles/ station – (medium sized) • 300-400m gap as max. consecutive station distance • near transit stops & • near Intersections,

Stretch name

Length (in km)

service area (~300m)

Population

Bicyle demand

Rounded off Bicycles demand

Require PBS Docks

Transit stations as docks

Secondary docks to site inside

MG road

4.1 km

1.87 sq.km

30238

302

300

15

13

2

Eluru road

6.7 km

2.56 sq.km

41942

419

420

21

14

7

ITI road

1.2 km

0.72 sq.km

9617

96

100

05

4

1

5.15 sq km

81797

818

820

40

31

10

DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIO M.PLAN(TIP) - II SEM

DEMAND ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING SYSTEM

SCHOOL OF PLANNING & ARCHITECTURE VIJAYAWADA

APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION - A CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADA

SHEET NO

T.S.GURURAJA 2200600053

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3.STATION PLACEMENT ALONG SELECTED STRETCHES

INFLUENCE AREA OF PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING:

20-24 m (Medium size PBS)

Space requirement of docking.

Transportation Infrastructure (Under Flyovers / Footbridges)

Entrance/Exit of Transit stations

Adjacent to NMT infrastructure

On-street parking spaces Sidewalks near intersections Source: PBS Guidance Document - MoHUA

DETERMINING STATION DESIGN BASED ON LEVEL OF AUTOMATION

Above map shows, the extent to where a PBS user can take his Cycle. Generally Trips less than 800m tend to walk, as High probability of potential cycle user are those who travel >1km to <3-5km.

Fully Automated: • Beam(space constraints) or bollard • Fixed or modular

Semi- Automated: • station kiosk with cycle racks or caged • Fixed or modular

Manual: • Station kiosk with cycle racks or caged • Fixed or modular

Hence feeder Sub-PBS Dock stations and cycling infrastructure needs to be improvised in this zone.

Hub - and - Spoke model can be adaptive for future whole PBS service in BZA. Through this, Public cycle sharing can play a key role in improving last- mile connectivity as well as modal share of cycling in Vijayawada .Influence zoning finds areas to be ideal to improve NMT infrastructure.

Bicycle station

Sign in automated or Kiosk help

Check Out

Ride

DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIO M.PLAN(TIP) - II SEM

PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING DOCKING STATIONS ALLOCATION

SCHOOL OF PLANNING & ARCHITECTURE VIJAYAWADA

APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION - A CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADA

Check in

SHEET NO

T.S.GURURAJA 2200600053

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4. DESIGNING OF CYCLING INFRASTRUCTURE

VARIATIONS

Clear unobstructed cycling zone at least of width 2m for one way movement and at least 3m for two way movement with vertical clearance of 2.4 m.

a. Conventional Bicycles

Colored surface treatment is recommended to improve the visibility of the bicycle operating area.

c. Cargo Bikes , Cycle Trucks

Proper gradient should be maintained with provision of storm water drains to avoid water logging.

Recommended Levels Footpath: Level +150 mm Cycle Track: Level +100 mm; Carriageway Level: 00mm

It is preferable that continuity of cycle tracks be maintained across road junctions by using appropriate techniques.

Cycle Facilities at Transit Stops

Protected Cycle Facilities at Intersections

Cycle Track Behind Boarding Island SUITABILITY

Cycle Track on Bus Bulb SUITABILITY

Cycle Lane Behind Boarding Island SUITABILITY

DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIO M.PLAN(TIP) - II SEM

DESIGNING OF CYCLING INFRASTRUCTURE

SCHOOL OF PLANNING & ARCHITECTURE VIJAYAWADA

APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION - A CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADA

Source: globaldesigningcities.org

1. Corner refuge island 2. Forward stop line 3. Setback crossing by extending the curb

Source: IRC – 11 – 1962 & NACTO

Cycle facilities should be designed for diverse vehicles and riders, for children on small tricycles, and people carrying goods in big cargo bikes, as well as cycle-rickshaws and pedicabs.

b. Tricycles, Cycle-Rickshaws

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

SHEET NO

T.S.GURURAJA 2200600053

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FINANCIAL VIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING SYSTEM IN VIJAYAWADA BASE DESIGN OF PBS DOCK STATION

PBS GUIDING ELEMENTS

Front elevation of Design Option in 3D

Medium Sized (20) Dimensions: length: 24m Width:2.5m Height:3.3 m 650 s.ft Adv Area Integration of PBS Docking Stations with Public Transit:

Existing modern design of Bus shelter in Vijayawada

Based on PBS GUIDANCE DOCUMENT -MoHUA

BASE DESIGN OF CYCLE

Placement of proposed PBS docking stations adjacent or behind bus stops 3D views of PBS Docks with vertical advertisement panel:

Source: Pune cycle Plan

Source: Public Bike Sharing Scheme for Bhopal

DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIO M.PLAN(TIP) - II SEM

DESIGN PROPOSALS OF PBS SYSTEM

SCHOOL OF PLANNING & ARCHITECTURE VIJAYAWADA

APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION - A CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADA

SHEET NO

T.S.GURURAJA 2200600053

06

BASE YEAR

2021

PROJECT COSTS & FINANCIAL VIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING

Base Fare (first 1 hours)

₹ 5.00

CAPITAL COST ASSUMPTIONS BASED ON MARKET RATES

Annual Fare Revision of 24 hour flat fare

₹ 40.00

Average Productive usage hours

8 hours

PROPOSED PBS FLEET

Per Unit Cost (Rs.) Bicycles + ITS installation Cost

₹ 15,000

Dock Stations +Automatic Ticket Vending Machine cost

₹ 6,00,000

Remarks

10 % price hike subsequent of base year

Phase.1 ELURU ROAD

Phase.2 M.G. ROAD

Phase.3

ITI ROAD

Towing Vans (Redistribution vehicles) Cost

₹ 7,00,000

Total number of cycles

420

300

100

Marketing costs

₹ 10,00,000

1st year

Total docking stations

₹ 5,00,000

Subsequent years

21

15

5

ITS & Contingency Charges

25%

of above total cost

Towing Vans

5

3

1

Bicycles to be replaced every year

10%

of the previous year fleet

Demand

Manpower Security Guard (2 shifts)+5% additional

45

32

11

Managerial Staff

5

4

2 Year

New Bicycles to be installed

Minimum Base Fare (first hour)

2021

420

BASE FARE AND 24 HOURS FLAT RATE INCREMENT UPTO 2031 year

24 hour flat fare

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES - CAPEX Bicyle s to be repla ced (10%)

Total bicycles to be purchas ed annually

Total Bicycles/ Year for service

Cost for bicycl es (Rs. in Lakhs)

420

420

₹ 63.00

₹ 126.00

₹ 35.00

₹ 10.00

₹ 58.50

₹ 292.50

ITS & Marketi Towing Continge Total Capital Docking ng and Vans Cost ncy Cost (Rs. in Stations Cost Brandin (Rs. in Charges Lakhs) (Rs. in Lakhs) g (Rs. in Lakhs) (Rs. in Lakhs) Lakhs)

2021

₹ 40

₹5

2022

300

42

342

720

₹ 56.43

₹ 99.00

₹ 23.10

₹ 5.00

₹ 45.88

₹ 229.41

2022

₹ 45

₹5

2023

100

72

172

820

₹ 26.06

₹ 36.30

₹ 8.47

₹ 5.00

₹ 18.96

₹ 94.79

2023

₹ 50

₹7

2024

82

82

820

₹ 12.31

₹ 5.00

₹ 4.33

₹ 21.64

2024

₹ 55

₹7

2025

82

82

820

₹ 12.30

₹ 5.00

₹ 4.33

₹ 21.63

2025

₹ 60

₹8

2026

82

82

820

₹ 12.30

₹ 5.00

₹ 4.33

2026

₹ 65

₹9

₹ 21.63

2027

82

82

820

₹ 12.30

₹ 5.00

₹ 4.33

₹ 21.63

2027

₹ 70

₹9

2028

82

82

820

₹ 12.30

₹ 5.00

₹ 4.33

₹ 21.63

2028

₹ 75

₹ 10

2029

82

82

820

₹ 12.30

₹ 5.00

₹ 4.33

₹ 21.63

2029

₹ 80

₹ 10

2030

82

82

820

₹ 12.30

₹ 5.00

₹ 4.33

₹ 21.63

2030

₹ 85

₹ 11

2031

82

82

820

₹ 12.30

₹ 5.00

₹ 4.33

₹ 21.63

2031

₹ 90

₹ 12

TOTAL

820

770

1590

8520

243.90

₹ 261.30

₹ 66.57

₹ 60.00 ₹ 157.94

DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIO M.PLAN(TIP) - II SEM

PROJECT COSTS AND FINANCIAL VIABILITY OF PBS

SCHOOL OF PLANNING & ARCHITECTURE VIJAYAWADA

APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION - A CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADA

₹ 789.71 SHEET NO

T.S.GURURAJA 2200600053

07

OPERATIONAL EXPENDITURES - OPEX OPERATING COST ASSUMPTIONS

Cycle Manitenance (Rs. in Lakhs)

Dock Manitenanc e (Rs. in Lakhs)

Towing Van Maintenance (Rs. in Lakhs)

Manpower Cost (Rs. in Lakhs)

Insurance Charges for new cycles (Lakhs)

Insurance Charges for old cycles (Lakhs)

Total O&M Cost (Rs. in Lakhs)

2021

₹ 3.15

₹ 2.52

₹ 1.75

₹ 58

₹ 0.63

-

₹ 65.65

2022

₹ 5.40

₹ 4.63

₹ 3.03

₹ 109

₹ 0.51

₹ 0.38

₹ 123.24

2023

₹ 6.15

₹ 5.58

₹ 3.66

₹ 137

₹ 0.26

₹ 0.65

₹ 153.56

2024

₹ 6.15

₹ 5.86

₹ 3.92

₹ 151

₹ 0.12

₹ 0.74

₹ 167.77

YEAR

Cycle Maintenance

5%

of its base cost

Dock Stations Maintenance

2%

of its base cost

5%

Incremental Cost

5%

of its base cost

2025

₹ 6.15

₹ 6.16

₹ 4.19

₹ 166

₹ 0.12

₹ 0.74

₹ 183.44

Security Guard

₹ 9,000.00

rs/month

2026

₹ 6.15

₹ 6.46

₹ 4.49

₹ 183

₹ 0.12

₹ 0.74

₹ 200.65

Managerial Staff

₹ 15,000.00

rs/month

2027

₹ 6.15

₹ 6.79

₹ 4.80

₹ 201

₹ 0.12

₹ 0.74

₹ 219.55

10% hike in cycle maintenance charges & Human resource wages

2028

₹ 6.15

₹ 7.13

₹ 5.14

₹ 221

₹ 0.12

₹ 0.74

₹ 240.32

2029

₹ 6.15

₹ 7.48

₹ 5.50

₹ 243

₹ 0.12

₹ 0.74

₹ 263.14

INSURANCE CHARGES

2030

₹ 6.15

₹ 7.86

₹ 5.88

₹ 267

₹ 0.12

₹ 0.74

₹ 288.22 ₹ 315.77

Towing Vans Maintenance

New Cycles

150

rs/month

2031

₹ 6.15

₹ 8.25

₹ 6.29

₹ 294

₹ 0.12

₹ 0.74

Old Cycles

100

rs/month

TOTAL

₹ 63.90

₹ 68.71

₹ 48.65

₹ 2,030.73

₹ 2.39

₹ 6.93

SOURCES OF REVENUE

YEAR

Fare Box Revenue (Rs. in Lakhs)

Increment in advertisement revenue (2%) from cycles

Adverisem ent from bicycles (Rs. in Lakhs)

Increment in advertiseme nt revenue (2%) from dock stations

Advertise ment from stations (Rs. in Lakhs)

REVENUES

₹ 2,221.31

revenue from scrap cycles ( in lakhs)

Total Revenue (Rs. in Lakhs)

Fare increment

10%

annually

2021

₹ 30.66

₹ 50

₹ 2.52

₹ 30,000

₹ 180.0

₹ 0.00

₹ 213.18

Advertisement cycles

₹ 50.00

Rs/month

2022

₹ 52.56

₹ 51

₹ 4.41

₹ 30,600

₹ 183.6

₹ 3.8

₹ 244.35

Advertisement area

600

sq.feet

2023

₹ 83.80

₹ 52

₹ 5.12

₹ 31,212

₹ 187.3

₹ 6.5

₹ 282.67

Advertisement cost

50

per sq.feet/ month

2024

₹ 83.80

₹ 53

₹ 5.22

₹ 31,836

₹ 191.0

₹ 7.4

₹ 287.42

Increment in advertisement revenue

2%

Per annum

2025

₹ 95.78

₹ 54

₹ 5.33

₹ 32,473

₹ 194.8

₹ 7.4

₹ 303.32

2026

₹ 107.75

₹ 55

₹ 5.43

₹ 33,122

₹ 198.7

₹ 7.4

₹ 319.29

Average utilization of a cycle/day

2027

₹ 107.75

₹ 56

₹ 5.54

₹ 33,785

₹ 202.7

₹ 7.4

₹ 323.38

4

Trips per day

2028

₹ 119.72

₹ 57

₹ 5.65

₹ 34,461

₹ 206.8

₹ 7.4

₹ 339.51

Increment in revenue from fare box

5%

Per annum

2029

₹ 119.72

₹ 59

₹ 5.76

₹ 35,150

₹ 210.9

₹ 7.4

₹ 343.76

2030

₹ 131.69

₹ 60

₹ 5.88

₹ 35,853

₹ 215.1

₹ 7.4

₹ 360.07

scrap value of cycles

60%

of its cost base cost

2031

₹ 143.66

₹ 61

₹ 6.00

₹ 36,570

₹ 219.4

₹ 7.4

₹ 376.46

Initial Fare

10

rupees

TOTAL

1076.90

₹ 69.30

₹ 3,393.42

56.86

2190.37

DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIO M.PLAN(TIP) - II SEM

PROJECT COSTS AND FINANCIAL VIABILITY OF PBS

SCHOOL OF PLANNING & ARCHITECTURE VIJAYAWADA

APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION - A CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADA

SHEET NO

T.S.GURURAJA 2200600053

08

FINAL PROJECT SUMMARY OF PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING SYSTEM Total O&M Cost (Rs. in Lakhs)

Total Revenue (Rs. in Lakhs)

Net Profitability (in lakhs)

2021

₹ 292.50

₹ 65.65

₹ 213.18

-₹ 144.97

2022

₹ 229.41

₹ 123.24

₹ 244.35

-₹ 108.31

₹ 400.00

2023

₹ 94.79

₹ 153.56

₹ 282.67

₹ 34.33

₹ 300.00

2024

₹ 21.64

₹ 167.77

₹ 287.42

₹ 98.01

2025

₹ 21.63

₹ 183.44

₹ 303.32

₹ 98.26

2026

₹ 21.63

₹ 200.65

₹ 319.29

₹ 97.02

2027

₹ 21.63

₹ 219.55

₹ 323.38

₹ 82.20

2028

₹ 21.63

₹ 240.32

₹ 339.51

₹ 77.57

2029

₹ 21.63

₹ 263.14

₹ 343.76

₹ 58.99

2030

₹ 21.63

₹ 288.22

₹ 360.07

₹ 50.23

2031

₹ 21.63

₹ 315.77

₹ 376.46

₹ 39.07

₹ 789.71

₹ 2,221.31

₹ 3,393.42

₹ 382.40

YEAR

SHARE OF INVESTMENT

SHARE OF REVENUE Adv. Cycles ₹ 56.86, 2%

CAPEX, ₹ 789.71, 26%

OPEX, ₹ 2,221.31, 74%

FARE BOX ₹ 1,146.2 34%

ADVERTISE MENT ₹ 2,247.2 66%

total expenditure

total revenue

Net profitability

₹ 500.00

Profits(in lakhs)

Total Capital Cost (Rs. in Lakhs)

PROFITABILITY OF PROJECT:

₹ 200.00 ₹ 100.00 ₹ 0.00 -₹ 100.00

2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031

-₹ 200.00

Inference: From the above graph, we can observe that there is gradual increase in revenue from the 3rd year onwards. But the Net profit value is in declining trend may due to costs involved in operation and maintenance, hence there is a need for upgradation of ITS and automation to decrease costs incurred by human resource for profitable PBS system and need for other alternative sources of revenue.

NET PROFITABILITY

382 Lakhs

₹ 2,190.37, 64%

NET PROFIT VALUE

₹ 63.59 Lakhs

Adv. Docking stations

INTERNAL RATE OF RETURNS

21%

PROFITABILITY INDEX

1.44

PAY BACK PERIOD

4.2 years

**Figure in lakhs DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIO M.PLAN(TIP) - II SEM

PROJECT COSTS AND FINANCIAL VIABILITY OF PBS

SCHOOL OF PLANNING & ARCHITECTURE VIJAYAWADA

APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION - A CASE STUDY OF VIJAYAWADA

SHEET NO

T.S.GURURAJA 2200600053

09