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Architype Prototype Yuling Guo 717222

Contents Phase 1.0 Precedent Study

Phase 2.0 Deuterotype

Federation Bell

128

Phase 3.0 Genotype

172

Phase 4.0 The Final Countdown

191

Phase 4.0 The Final Countdown

208

Appendix

223

Reference

228

Credits

230

Biography

235

An iconic photo shows that Matthias and his steam bent timber chair.

Phase 1.0 Precedent Study

At the beginning of this semester, this studio required us choose one precedent, and we chose Matthias Pliessnig's steam bending timber bench. Afterwards, digitally model it to understand the principle behind the model. Also, we needed to learn Matthias's frabrication process and apply his technique in our own physical model. We would build one 1:1 physical model and it was challenging for us to transfer the digital model to real fabrication, but we did it at the third week. The following chapters will introduce how we digitally model the bending bench and fabricate the physical bench by showing the algorithim diagram, fabrication process diagrams and exploaded axo diagram.

Matthias Pliessnig - Providence

Precedent photos Matthias did sucessfully in steam bending timber, the curving surface of this bench is very smooth and clean. He started with sketching in the notebook, and then he modelled and adjusted the form in Rhino before he built the physical model. This process indicates that the software provides more opportunities for him to keep adding details for the form. It helped the further fabrication process become more efficient by providing all the dimensions of timber ribs and stringers. However, the software cannot predict some problems that could occur during the fabrication process. That's why it was difficult for us to built the bench physically. Therefore, we did some research about how does Matthias build his timber bench in real situation. And we found it is useful for our next fabrication process. For example, we can follow the sequence of Matthias fabrication process so that we could arrange our jobs efficiently and save more time. The next two pages will introduce the Matthias fabrication process step by step.

Phase 1.0 Precedent Study Week 1 10

Matthias Fabrication Process

1. Putting temporary ribs that are plywood cut with jigsaw or cnc along a curving strong back.

2. Bend sketching stringers, which is used for visualizing and refining the shape of bench. And then shaping wiring them along the temporary ribs.

3. Sketching stringers were used as a mold that bend steamed wood ribs to shape with the new ribs in place. After that, remove the sketching stringers.

4. This step is going to shape steam bend final stringers by using the temporary ribs as a mold. After built half of the steam stringers, temporary ribs will be removed.

5. Connect the final ribs and stringers by epoxy dat on their intersections.

6. Adding the extra thicker ribs at the start and end of the bench.

7. Reinforce the joints between final stringers and ribs with pins made from bamboo skewers, and then cut the skewers to make the surface of the bench smooth.

8. Packing.

Phase 1.0 Prcedent Study Week 1 Reflection of Matthias Fabrication Process

Because we only have two or three weeks to make the bench, we decided to make small part of the long bench, around six hundred milimeter. Learnt from the Matthias fabrication process and consider the opening time of the fablab. We are not going to make the sketching stringers or temporary ribs. We will cut the final ribs with CNC and use them as a mold to shape the final stringers. For the joints, we will use the nails instead of the bamboo skewers. Also, cable ties will be used as the temporary joints between stringers and ribs, and clamps will be used as the temporary joints between ribs and curving strong back. We are not going to cut the extra reinforced part for the ribs, directly cut three pieces thicker ribs by CNC.

Phase 1.0 Prcedent Study Week 1 Digital Fabrication Process of Matthias Algorithmic Design Definition Stringers

Ribs

Phase 1.0 Precedent Study Week 2 Making Process 14

Build Formwork: To make an accurate formwork, we printed out 1:1 plan of the formwork and followed this plan to build up the form work.

Before bending timber, we set up the steam box in wet room, and prepared two containers with water. We can quickly plug into one container when we used up another's. Normally, it took approximately 20 minutes to boil the water. When the steam occurred in the steam box, we can put the timber stringers into the box. Also, it took around 30 minutes to fully steam the timber stringers. And the longer stirnger should stay inside the steam box with longer time. Otherwise, timber would crack easily when it was bending. Therefore, steam timber test helped us know how much time could spend on preparation of steaming timber, so we can manage our timetable efficiently. And we found that steaming took much longer time than bending.

We built a formwork for testing the timber strips. We tested both tasmanian oak and white oak and we saw them in the same thickness but in two different widths, 15mm and 30mm. From the process, we can see that 30mm is too wide as the strips for our bench, and white oak looks better after steaming and bending.

Draw Bench Curve in Rhino

Algorithin Diagram Draft

Width and Profile of Bench

Before we did the final algorithin digram, we made a draft to visualize the prcess that how we use grasshopper to get the form. To visualize this better, maybe we need to use the graphic language instead of these rectangles and words. For example, when we showed the processes of "list them" and "orient", we could draw an arrow to indicate the direction of curves' movement.

Offset

Divide

Line

Draw Ribs’ Curves in Rhino

Rib Guide Lines

List Item

Orient

Rib Orientation

Reinforced Rib

Final Rib Profile Z

Offset

Extrude

Sweep 1

Scale Isotrim (Sub srf)

Extrude Loft

Acutually we needed to put temporary stringers before putting the final stringers, but we did not have enough time so we directly put the stringer s onto the ribs and use nail gun to connect them together.

Each three timber ribes should have one reinforced timber rib to make the bench more stable.

During the matthias process, he used the bamboo pin joints to connect stringers and ribs, and cut the pin joints' extruded part, and then sand them to make the surface even, smooth. Following the 1:1 plan and place the ribs onto the formwork. To put the stringers accurately, we marked the position on the ribs that s t r i n g e r s w o u l d c o n n e c t . Final steam bent timber bench

Step 1: Curves are transported from hand sketches to Rhino Modelling Software.

Draw Profile of Bench Curvature 1 DR AW PR OFI L E OF BEN CH CUR VATURE CU RV ES A RE TRA NSLA TED F RO M HA ND SKETC HES TO R HINO MO DELLING SO F TWA RE.

Step 2: Offset distance determines width of bench supports restin the ground.

Offset Curve on Both Sides

2 OFFS ET CURVE ON BOT H S I DES O F F S ET DISTANCE DETER M INES WIDTH O F B ENC H S U PPORTS R ES TING O N THE G R O U ND.

Step 3: The profiles of key bench sections should be drawn in the same direction, starting and ending at the same points.

Draw Sectional Profiles in 2D

3 DR AW SECTI ON A L PR OFILES IN 2D PR O FILES O F KEY B ENCH S ECTIONS SHOULD BE DRAWN IN THE SAME DIR ECTION, S TA RTING AND ENDING THE AT THE SAME POINTS .

Step 4: Curve is divided into equal sections with planes perpendicular to the normal at each points.

Curve Frames 4 CURVE FRAMES C U RV E IS DIV IDED INTO EQ U A L S EC TIONS WITH PLANES PER PENDIC UL AR TO THE NO R M A L A T EA C H PO INT.

Step 5: Projecting sectional profile curves from one reference plane to another specified plane along curve ( In this instance: start, first quarter, half, third quarter, last planes. )

Orient Curves 5 ORIENT CURVES PR O JEC TING S ECTIO NAL PR O F ILE C U RV ES F R O M O NE REF ER ENCE PLA NE TO ANO THER S PEC IF IED PLA NE A LO NG C U RVE (IN THIS INS TA NC E: S TA RT, F IR S T Q U A RTER , HA LF , THIR D Q U A RTER , LA S T PLA NES).

Step 6: Lofting the oriented curves (derived from the last step) to analyse and adjust the profile of the bench.

Creating bench surface 6 CREAT IN G BENCH SURFACE LOFTING THE OR IENTED CU RVES (DERIVED F RO M STEP 5) TO A NA LY SE AND A DJU S T THE PR OFILE OF THE B ENC H.

Step 7: Using the curve frames (derived from step 4) to intersect with the lofted surface (derived from step 6) to obtain the position and profiles of ribs.

Intersect planes with loft surface 7 IN T ER SECT PL A NES WITH LOF T SURFACE U S ING THE C U RV E F R A M ES (DERIVED FROM STEP 4) TO INTERSEC T WITH THE LO F TED S U R F A C E (DER IVED FROM STEP 6) TO OBTAIN THE POSITION A ND PR O F ILE O F R IB S .

Step 8: Curves (derived from step 7) are offset on each individual plane to create rib support profile. Every third rib has twice the offset distance. To indicate the reinforced as in actual projects.

Offset Curves 8 OFFS ET CUR VES CURVES (DERIVED FR OM S TEP 7) ARE OFFSET ON EACH INDIVIDUAL PLA NE TO CR EATE R IB S UPPORT PR OFILE. EVERY THIRD RIB HAS TWICE THE OFFS ET DISTANCE, TO INDICATE THE REINFORCED AS IN ACTUAL PROJEC TS.

Step 9: Profiles of ribs (derived in step 8) are extruded by a constant distance. In a direction perpendicular to the profile.

Extrude profiles 9 EX T R UDE P R OFI L ES PROFILES OF R IB S (DERIV ED IN S TEP 8) A R E EXTR U DED B Y A C O NS TA NT DISTA NC E, IN A DIRECTION PERPENDIC U LA R TO THE PR O FILE.

Step 10: To establish location of stringers, divisions of a planar surface are projected on to the lofted surface (Derived from step 6).

Surface Division 10 SURFACE DIVIS ION TO ESTA B LIS H THE LO C A TIO N O F S TR ING ER S , DIV ISIONS OF A PLANA R S U R FA C E A R E PR O JECTED O N TO THE LOF TED S U R F A CE (DER IV ED F R OM S TEP 6 ).

Step 11: A line is drawn at a specified distance along the short of the segments (derived from the step 10). These lines are lofted to create the profile of stringers.

Establishing width of stringers 1 1 ESTA BL I S H I N G WIDT H OF S T R I N GER S A LINE IS DR A WN AT A S PECIF IED DIS TA NCE ALONG THE S HORT SIDE O F THE S EGMENTS (DER IV ED FR O M STEP 1 0 ). THESE LINES ARE LOF TED TO C REATE THE PR O FILE O F S TR INGERS.

Step 12: Profiles (derived from step 11) are extruded perpendicular to each individual face, by a specified distance following the material thickness.

Extrude Stringers 12 EXTRUDE STRINGERS PROFILES (DERIVED FROM STEP 11) ARE EXTRUDED PER PENDICULA R TO EACH INDIVIDUAL FACE, BY A SPECIFIED DIS TANCE FOLLOWING THE MATERIAL THICKNESS.

Making Process Diagram

Step 1: Build a strong - back timber support to support the rib components.

1 STRO NG B AC K FORM A STRONG -BA C K TIMBER SU PPORT TO FO R THE RIB FRA GMENTS.

Step 2: Each rib unit is spllit into two parts. 2 - Axis CNC milled out of 25mm thick MDF.

2 RIB S FAB RICATION R IB S A R E SPLIT INTO TWO PARTS , 2 -AX IS C NC M ILLED O UT O F 2 5 M M THICK MDF .

Step 3: Fix lap joints to the matching labeled ribs.

3 R I B AS S EMBLY

FIX LAP JOINTS TO THE MATC HING LABELED RIBS.

To put timber stringers in an accurate position later, we marked the position by using the paper with distance.

Step 4: Clampes were used to temporarily fix reinforced ribs to strong back.

4 POSITION PRIMA RY RIBS REINF ORC ED RIBS C LAM PED O NTO S UPPORT BRAC KETS F IXED TO STR O NG B A C K.

Step 5: This step clamped secondary ribs in between reinforced ribs.

5 POSITION SECONDARY RIBS CLAMP S ECONDAR Y R IB S IN B ETWEEN REINFOR CED RIB S .

Step 6: Cut white oak into 15mm*5mm strips. The length of white oak should be longer than the length of the bench.

Preparing timber strips

6 P R EPA R I N G T IM BER S T RIP S C UT WHITE O A K INTO 15 MM X 5 MM S TRIPS .

Step 7: Aim to allow users sit confortably, chamfer edges of white oak strips to remove shapr edges.

Softening Edges

7 S OF T EN IN G EDGES C HA M F ER EDG ES O F WHITE OA K S TR IPS TO REM O V E S HA R P EDG ES F O R US ER C O M FO RT. 29

Step 8: Place white oak timber strips into steam box, This step required at least twenty minutes to steam timber.

Steaming timber

8 S T EA M I N G TI M BER PLAC E WHITE O AK TIM BER STRIPS INTO STEA M B OX . F O R THIS PR O F ILE, A LLO W A T LEA S T 20 M INU TES TO S TEA M TIM B ER. Steam box could take more than 20 minutes to steam the timber stringers totally. Afterwards, we used plastic bags for our duteurotype, it took less time to steam the timber totally.

Step 9: Remove timber strips from the steam box, form and bend into position over ribs. Clamp strips to ribs to allow timber to cool down in position.

Placing primary stringers

9 PRIMARY STRINGER REM O V E TIM B ER S TR IP F R O M S TEA M B OX , F O R M A ND B END INTO POS ITIO N O V ER R IB S . C LA M P STR IPS TO R IB S TO A LLO W TIM B ER TO C O O L DO WN IN POS ITIO N.

Before placing the stringers, we tested the thickness of stringers, we tested two sizes and 5mm worked well.

Used the cable ties temporarily connected the ribs and stringers. 32

Step 10: Clamp remaining strips to ribs and allow timber to cool down in position.

Placing Secondary Stringers

1 0 S ECON DA RY S T R I N GER CLAMP REMAINING STR IPS TO RIBS AND A LLOW TIMBER TO COO L DO WN IN POSITION.

Step 11: Remove clamps from stringers, ensure position of timber strips are in correct alignment.

Remove clamps

1 1 R EM OVE CL A M PS R EM O V E C LA M PS F R O M S TR ING ER S , ENS U R E PO S ITIO N O F TIM B ER S TR IPS AR E IN C O R R EC T A LIG NM ENT. Remove the bench from the strong back. The weight of bench become much lighter. One person can hold it.

Step 12: Glue timber strips in position. Allow time for glue to set.

Glue Stringers Down

12 GLUE ST R INGER S DOWN GLUE TIMB ER S TR IPS IN PO S ITIO N. A LLOW TIM E F O R GLUInE fact, TO S we ET. tested the glue to stick timber

strips on ribs, but it did not work well, so we used nail as the connection. The process required two people worked together. One person pressed the stringers onto the ribs and another person used the nail gun to press the nail into the stringer and rib; and the final connection is stable.

Cut the extra length of the timber stringers and remove the cable ties.

Step 13: Drill holes through reinforced ribs, insert banboo skewers to secure timber strips on ribs. Actually we did not use banboo skewers or glue in our making process, time is one concern. Finally we used nail gun, and it did sucessful on connecting timber strips and ribs.

Bamboo Reinforcements (Banboo pin joints)

13 BAMBOO REINFORCEMENTS we OUG usedHnail gumRCED instead of DR ILLActually HOLES THR REINFO RIBS, bamboo pin joints because it can save INS ERT B AM B OO S KEWERS TO SECU RE TIMBER much S TR IPS ON Rmore IB S . time. One person press the

stringers onto the ribs tightly and another person pressed the nail into the stringers and ribs. Also, we did not press nails in a straight line because of the cracks occurred at the ribs, so we pressed nails without along a straight line.

Removed cable ties before we used nail gun. 41

Removed cable ties before sanding.

Step 14: Trim banboo skewers, sand surface to flush with stringer face.

Trim Reinforcements

1 4 TR I M REI N FOR CEM EN T S TR IM B A MB O O S KEWER S , S A ND S U R F A C E TO F LU S H WITH S TR ING ER F A C E.

Because the top of nails made the surface of stringers uneven. We started to sand them.

Step 15： Sand entire structure to soften edges and surface. And we sand along the grain of the timber.

Sanding

15 SAN DI N G SAND ENTIRE STRUCTURE TO SOFTEN EDGES . Step 16: Lacquer surface with timber stain. In fact, we did not apply it due to time limitation. But the bench's final appearance looked good.

Apply Finish

16 APPLY FINIS H LA C Q UER SURFA C E WITH TIMB ER S TA IN.

Step 17: Pack bench into shipping crate for transport.

Packaging

1 7 PA CK A GING PACK BENCH INTO S HIPPING C R A TE F O R TRANS PO RT.

Step 18: Complete bench.

Final Position

1 8 FINAL POS ITION 45 PLETE B ENC H. C OM

Preparing Making Process Diagram View 1

Exterior brick floor

To show more details in our fabrication process diagram, we build up the model of wetspace room, and part of the workshop, because all of our real fabrication process happened in these two areas.

Phase 1.0 Precedent Study Hero image 47

Phase 2.0 Deuterotype

In phase two, we will use Matthias steam bending timber bench as part of our precedent study and we will keep using steam bending technique. Also, we will do more research about the relevant design techniques and construction methodology in this phase, in order to approach the innovation through exploration of more precedent studies, experiments during fabrication procedures.

Phase 2.0 Deuterotype Bend it like its hot

Deuterotype 1 - Twist Precedent

Refer to one Matthias' sculpture, we started to think twisting could be one possible technique for us to bend timber. From this image, one timber strip was twisted in a spiral shape and holden by strings. Our group thought that is that posible to manually twist one timber strip after steaming, and then can the timber strip maintain its twisting shape without other supporting materials.

Deuterotype 1 - Twist Process diagram

We are going to steam three timber strips to make a twisitng module. Drill the holes at each timber strip's end before steaming. After taking them out of the steam box, quickly manually twist them and then use the bolts and nuts connect them together. Because we concerned that the twisted timber strip's form could become flat again during the drying process. Three elements connect with each other will potentially avoid them move back to the original form.

Deuterotype 2 - Cut Timber Bending Precedent

This process will cut lines on one timber sheet before steam bending, and it will cut one piece of timber partially, steam it, and bend it. Those cutting line will form patterns when the timber was bending.

Deuterotype 2 - Mould

Refer to mould casting plaster, we think mould could be one techinique to bend timber. In traditional mould process, liquid plaster is poured into the mould, and then separate the mould away from the plaster after the plaster become solid. Because timber and plaster have different properties, timber could move back to original form after removing the mould. Maybe we will make some changes during our mould bending timber process based on timber's property and real situation.

Deuterotype 2 - Cut Timber Bending & Mould Process Diagram

CNC Mould 1

Start with mould technique, we used cnc cut and milling machine to help us get the curving surface of moulds. Firstly, we will test cut timber bending and mould techniques separately. We will test one veneer sheet first, after it, we are going to bend one neveer sheet with cutting lines.

Veneer

s ine

CNC Mould 2

n ve

Deuterotype 2 - Mould Woven Timber Process Diagram

Secondly, we combined cut timber bending technique and mould technique together through bending woven timber with two cnc moulds. In fact, the mould will bend two veneer sheets at the same time, because one woven veneer sheet consists of two veneer sheets. It could be more difficult for moulds to bend veneer due to its thickness.

Deuterotype 3 - Jigs

Using jigs is a traditional steam bending timber techinique.

Deuterotype 3 - Fologram Precedent

In this precedent study, fologram is a new technique for bending timber strips without jigs. It saves more time for users without making jigs for bending. The model could be shown from hololens to help the user bend timber strip in an accurate position. This project could be helpful for us to explore one technique with fologram. The image shows that the complex bending timber pavilion has been completed with fologram, and it proves that the fologram can give us more chances to build up complex structures that traditional jigs cannot do.

Deuterotype 3 - Jigs & Fologram Process Diagram Weaving Timber Method

Thin Plywood Strip

Reference Curve

Combination of traditional bending timber strategies and augmented reality technology.

Bending timber strips with jigs.

Interlock them.

Timber Veneer

Reference Curve

Weaving Timber Method

Thin Plywood Strip

Deuterotype 3 - Jigs and fologram Reference Curve

Process Diagram

Timber Veneer

Reference Curve

We will use fologram to ajust the position of each element to accurate position. Problem from this diagram: reconsider the form of our structure that could be more suitable with using fologram.

Deuterotype 1 - Twist Module Fabrication Process

After taking from the steam box, we twisted the timber strip immediately when it was hot, and clamped these three strips on timber blocks one by one and waited for them dry up.

Deuterotype 1 - Twist Module Fabrication Process

Before we connected three strips together with bolts and nuts, we temporally connected timber strips by using clamps and timber sheet. It proves that we can make a twist module like this. Afterwards, we used bolts and nuts instead of clamps and timber blocks.

Deuterotype 2 - Mould Woven Timber Fabrication Process

We cut veneer in strips with same size, and weaved them together.

We bought three types of veneer for our tests.

Deuterotype 2 - Mould Woven Timber Fabrication Process

We put pieces of weaving veneer into the steam box, and it took more than 30 min to steam. After took them out from the steam box, put them in between the mould and clamped on. We also wrap the mould with plastics to prevent water from veneer into the mould.

After a day, we took weaving veneer out of the mould. It keeps in this shape, its form followed the surface of the mould well. We also tested veneer without weaving, and weaving veneer with wider strips. Only this one's final appearance looks good.

Deuterotype 3 - Jigs and Fologram Fabrication Process

We used tasmania oak for this test and its dimension is 3mm * 50mm, it broke when we used jigs to bend it at the first time due to its thickness is too thin. And material itself is not very suitable for bending.

For the second test, we used white oak and its size is 5mm * 15mm, it did not break at the first time, but it broke when we bend it in an opposite direction. We concluded that the timber strip could break easily when bend in two directions. And we can keep using white oak and same size for next tests.

Deuterotype 3 - Jigs and Fologram Fabrication Process

For the third test, we used the same technique to bend the white oak in section of 5mm * 15mm, and bend it in one direction, it did not break this time. After remove the jigs away, the timber strip keeps in position, and it proves that jigs could bend more than manual bending. And during the process, we put timber strips onto the jigs immediately after took them out of the steam box. Because it is hard for us to bend timber strips when they cool down.

Deuterotype 4 - Robotic Arm Bending We were doing the robotic arm induction and learnt that how to manually control robot arm. 66

Deuterotype 1 - Twist Module Outcomes 68

Deuterotype 1 - Twist Module Outcomes 69

Deuterotype 1 - Twist Module Architectural Application: Panellisation

Deuterotype 1 - Twist Module Architectural Application: Panellisation - Pavilion

1700

4000

Elevation

Isometric View

Deuterotype 2 - Twist Module 2 Process Diagram

Saw the timber to the dimension we needed for the test. Because we will use the pattern of cario tile , we prepared four timber strips in the same length and one shorter timber strips. We also drilled holes through the timber before putting into the steam box.

Twisted timber strips one by one after steaming. And the process required at least two people twisted one timber strip.

When they stayed in the twisted form, we connected all pieces of timber strips with bolts and nuts. All the connections are pin joints that allow the movement of the timber strips.

Twisted module two innovated from twisted module one. Its form is more flexible to change to another form, it can move back too,

Deuterotype 2 - Twist Module 2 Fabrication Process

Its fabrication process is similar to the twist module 2, the difficult thing we met during the process was the shortest timber strip is harder to twist than other timber pieces. And its shape tended to be flat again during the drying process. To twist the shortest one same as others, we borrowed the hair dryer from the workshop, after we twisted it, we used hair dryer to dry it up, also, we kept twisted it slowly during the drying procedure. After that, we found that the hair dryer is useful for us to dry timber and bend timber after steaming.

Deuterotype 2 - Twist Module 2 Outcomes 74

Deuterotype 2 - Twist Module 2 Outcomes 75

Deuterotype 2 - Twist Module 2 Architectural Application: Twisted Louvre

This diagram shows that how we developed one single twisted louvre to a large twisted module. Our small module referred to the form of cario tile, which consists of four sides in the same length and the other one in shorter length. The middle part of the large twisted module also used the same idea, so it needed five small modules work together.

Deuterotype 2 - Twist Module 2 Architectural Application: Twisted Louvre

This twisted module could be used as the flexible twisted louvre for building's curtain wall.

Deuterotype 3 - Mould Veneer 78

Deuterotype 3 - Mould Veneer Process Diagram

In step 1, we prepared the pieces of woven veneer for mould bending. How did we prepare? We manually cut two sheets of veneer with horizontal lines and vertical lines. Because the venner has grain that made cutting process harder. So we had to apply more force for cutting, and it worked.

Next, before putting woven veneer in between two moulds. We need to steam it. Although venner is thinner than the timber strips we cut before, it took more time to steam totally. To prevent the water from steamed veneer to cnc moulds, we put plastic wrap around the moulds.

During the drying up process, we always used clamps to clamp them together. And then, we wait for one night, and removed clamps away on next day. Finaly, the veneer copied the form of the moulds.

Deuterotype 3 - Mould Veneer Fabrication Process

We changed the form of moulds to bend woven veneer efficiently. Because the outcomes' form was not very obvious from the first mould, even we used hair dry to dry them up. So we changed the form this time and tested again.

Deuterotype 3 - Mould Veneer Base for woven veneer

We designed a base for the woven veneer and it is made of clear perpex.

Deuterotype 3 - Mould Veneer Outcomes 82

Deuterotype 3 - Mould Veneer Outcomes 83

Deuterotype 3 - Mould Veneer Architecture Application: Woven Surface

Elevation

Isometric view

Deuterotype 4 - Tensile Structure 1 Inspired from Oyler Wu Group. We are going to use string to bend timber.

Deuterotype 4 - Tensile Structure 1 Digital Process Diagram Shortest bending timber strip

Middle bending timber strip

Longest bending timber strip

Stirngers

Deuterotype 4 - Tensile Structure 1 Process Diagram

Prepared three white oak strips.

Use jigs to bend them, keep them in position.

Drill holes along the strips before using string to bend them.

Three components are Final strings go through perpendicular to each three strips, and cut other. off temporary strings, three strips still stay in position.

Use temporary string to connect start and end point of strip with stop knot.

This process required three people worked together. Two people kept strips in position and one person connect strips with string.

Deuterotype 4 - Tensile Structure 1 Fabrication Process

We found the stop knot worked well, it could not loose easily, and allowed the string went in and went out through one hole. The photo at the lift hand side shows that we were adjusting the position of the jigs. Before we bend the timber strips, we drilled holes for each timber strips to allow the string goes through. The right hand side photo shows that three timber strips had been bend by the temporary strings individually. And we were adjusting the position of each bending timber strip and tried to figure out how the string goes through the strips nicely and stably.

Deuterotype 4 - Tensile Structure 1 Outcomes 91

Deuterotype 4 - Tensile Structure 1 Architectural Application

1800 mm

5000 mm

Elevation

Isometric drawing

Deuterotype 5 - Tensile Structure 2 Process Diagram

Its process is similar to the deuterotype 4, however, we used strips with tapper edge instead of the straight edge. And represent the Matsys Pavilion by using strings and timber strips.

We used this new jig to help us cut the tapper edge.

And then, we sand surface of strips and drill holes along the tapper edges.

Finally, we steamed them and bend them with jigs.

Deuterotype 5 - Tensile Structure 2 Fabrication Process 94

Deuterotype 5 - Tensile Structure 2 Outcomes 95

Deuterotype 5 - Tensile Structure 2 Architectural Application

After we designed the module, we considered how to arrange them. Refer to Matsys pavilion' s petal pattern, each module consists of six petals. We could reimagine that one large module was comprised of six small modules.

Deuterotype 5 - Tensile Structure 2 Architectural Application: Tensile Vault

1800 mm

6000 mm

Elevation

Isometric

Water tensile vault

Deuterotype 6 - Reciprocal Fologramming Process Diagram

After we cut the timber strips in our ideal dimension, we steamed them totally and put them between two jigs. The jigs will decide the final form of the timber strip.

We took the strips out of the jigs on the next day. However, some timber strips did not dry totally, so we used hair dryer to dry them up quickly to get the curving shape.

Each module for fologram consists of three timber strips and they are connnect with each other by screws. The reason why we made them with a bit curving because we wanted them interlocked each other.

Deuterotype 6 - Reciprocal Fologramming Fabrication Process

We used new mould for bending strips, and used dryer to dry them up quickly.

100

Deuterotype 6 - Reciprocal Fologramming Fabrication Process

We could see the model from hologens and placed, overlapped them in position with reciprocal connection.

101

102

Learning the gestures through hololens. 103

Deuterotype 6 - Reciprocal Fologramming Outcomes

104

Deuterotype 6 - Reciprocal Fologramming Sum of parts

We only prepared seven modules for our real physical model test, and we combined seven modules with reciprocal joints, because this type of joint does not need any screws, nails, bolts or nuts, it could save materials.

105

Deuterotype 6 - Reciprocal Fologramming Architectural Application: Pavilion, Corridor

The fologram could help us to create the intensive modules in the middle and the modules will gradually separate further to each other when they closed to the edge of the form.

106

Deuterotype 6 - Reciprocal Fologramming Architectural Application: Pavilion, Corridor

107

Deuterotype 7 - Robotic Walling 108

Deuterotype 7 - Robotic Walling Process Diagram

Overlapping timber strips one by one. And then, using bolts and nuts to connect their top and bottom together. We did not connect their middle part in order to give some flexible space between timber strips for bending.

109

Deuterotype 7 - Robotic Walling Fabrication Process 110

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Deuterotype 7 - Robotic Walling Fabrication Process: detail Detail is also an essential part of the preparation for robotic arm steam bending. Because the timber strip will be attached to the robotic arm. We had an existing plate that could be fixed onto the robotic arm. So we connected the plate and timber together with screws. And then put them into the plastic bag for steaming. After steaming, the steel plate was very hot, so we wore gloves to take them out of the plastic bag. In real situation, we took timber strips out of the bag and attach to the robotic arm rather than robotic arm twisted them with plastic bag, because of the interior hot steam.

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Deuterotype 7 - Robotic Walling Architectural Application: Shell Structure

Isometric View

3600

1700

2700

Elevation

1700

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Deuterotype 8 : The Big Ben'd

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Deuterotype 8 - The Big Ben'd Process Diagram

Prepared a large jig, steel sheet and a timber strip for bending,

After steaming the timber strip, fit the steel sheet onto the timber strip.

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Bend.

Deuterotype 8 - The Big Ben'd Fabrication Process - First try

The timber strip cracked during the first test. Because we forgot changing the container, so there was not enough hot steam in the first container to steam this timber strip totally. Also, the space between two timber blocks was not enough for the timber strip when it was bending.

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Deuterotype 8 - The Big Ben'd Fabrication Process - Second Try

For the second time, we cut a shorter timber strip for bending. At the first time, the timber strip is a bit longer for fitting into the steel plate, because the steel plate ends was connected with timber blocks by screws.

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Deuterotype 9 - Genotype Process Diagram

We combined two bending timber techniques for our last deuterotype, genotype, these are big bend and robotic arm bend techniques. Our genotype also cooporated with Oyler Wu group's idea by putting steel rods in between two pieces of timber. Coorporating with other group's idea provides us more opportunities to innovate the techniques of bending timber.

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Deuterotype 9 - Genotype Process Diagram

The big bend timber strip was put downwards, and its end was connect to the timber sheets. And the robotic arm could bend the timber sheets against the big bend timber strip. We did some changes for robotic bend timber process this time, because we wanted to connect the end of two timber elements together.

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Deuterotype 9 - Genotype Fabrication Process

We kept using the plastic bag for steaming timber sheets. And one problem occurred during the process, the interior steam was too hot and it melted part of the plastic bag. It took more time for us to take timber sheets our of the plastic bag,

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Deuterotype 9 - Genotype Fabrication Process

During the process of Robotic Arm Bending, its main bending direction is following the curve of big bend timber strip first and then moving up that bend in an opposite direction to the big bend timber.

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Deuterotype 9 - Genotype Outcomes 122

Deuterotype 9 - Genotype Outcomes 123

Elevation

Isometric View

Deuterotype 9 - Genotype Architectural Application: Pavilion 124

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126

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How it plays: innovation in percussion

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Site: Granger Museum

In week 3, we visited the Grainger Museum. Because the exhibition of federation handbell will be here, we took some photos that help us to do the site analysis.

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Precedents In week 4, we started with doing some research for the bell exhibition. I found two precedents about exhibition, these two images captured nice views from the previous exhibitions at NGV. I think they did sucessful on lighting effect. The first exhibition only applied two point lightings on the audience area and sulpture area respectively. It helped audience pay more attention on the sculpture. The second image's lighting source is from the floor and it strongly represented the movement of ocean lives when visitors were walking on the floor. We could apply these methods in bell exhibition.

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Start the Project Site Analysis Diagram It visualizes the existing openings occurred at museum. Because the main entry of museum at the west side of this space and it can bring visitors to here.

This diagram highlights the existing grid on site. Our group thought it was important for designing the layout of bells and form of bell stands' base.

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Start the Project Site Analysis Diagram It demonstrates the visitors' normal sequence happened at this space. Left purple arrow guides visitors enter into the toilet. The other one is to another exhibition area.

This drawing shows the porposed sequence could happen at site. Firstly, narrow space for the introduction of this exhibition; and then, wider space is for displaying bells.

NARROW ZONES LARGER ZONE

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We inspired from the keys notes of piano. And we got 24 bells, these could be divided into four groups, 5 notes, 7 notes, 5 notes and 7 notes,

Bells

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A B C D E F

D E F G

A B C D E F G

a b c d a

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Finally, we divided belld into two main groups and each group had 12 bells that include "A, B, C, D, E, F, G" and "a, b, c, d, e". And they would be placed along two curving bases.

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Bell stands' base design Arrangement of bells FLOOR PLAN

ROTATE WALL

0311 D 1632 D0549 C-

0716 B

0742 C-

0738 A 0355 A0976 G

0131 D

1553 G-

1740 D-

0902 F

1329 C

1911 F-

0946 C2047 E

0680 B

1735 A0846 A

0316 G 1781 G1659 F-

1994 F

Refer to our site analysis, we designed a movable wall for bell exhibition. The wall could create two different sequences for users in this small area. the first one shows that two separate walls, and each of them has 12 bells.

1777 E

ROTATE WALL

0311 D 1632 D0549 C-

0716 B

0742 C-

0738 A

One wall's edge could be moved and connected to the end edge of another wall. Part of the site become a closed space, so the audience inside could focus on the performance of bells. After the performance, the wall could be moved back to the original location.

0355 A0976 G

0131 D

1553 G-

1740 D-

0902 F

1329 C

1911 F-

0946 C2047 E

0680 B

1735 A0846 A

0316 G 1781 G1659 F-

1994 F

1777 E

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Mallet stands

Play handbell requires mallet. Mallet stands were designed with the handbell stands. They were design in three heights that could be served for young and adult players. The mallet stands were located at the right hand side of the entrance when visitors came into the space, so visitors could grab one mallet easily when they arrived.

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Handbell stands design

Each stand module was integrated with the principle of umbrella stick and hanging system. Four holes around the edge are connected to the vertical supports. And the middle hole was used as the slot for inserting the handbell.

Each stand module mainly consists of ropes and stainless steel tube. We intended to use perpex for the horizontal plate because of perpex's light weight.

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Merging ideas

In week 5, three groups' ideas had been merged. We are going to design in modules because it could save time for fabrication and assembly process.

- Record & display sound visibly

- Lighting at night

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- Bell Tower

- Piano Keys

- Flower Field

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- Moldular

Hour Glass

Sand could shake and fall through the interior steel plates when the user play the bells

Two glass containers will be connected with the 3d printing joint.

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Stands Iteration

Four stirngers curved wing nut

Four stirngers straight wing nut

Four stringers curved band

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Three stringers curved band

Two stringers curved wing nut

Bell stands progression

Firstly, because we inspired from the tower bell, so the bell was held by four stringers, which connected to the bending steel rods.

Because we could not fabricate glass on campus , and it is too expensive to order the specific shape of glass in factory. So we decided to directly buy the glass bottle from the shop. Finally, we got the nice glass bottle with a bit of colour but still looks transparent. Respond to the brief, the timber box base will be put on the concrete block to make the stand's height safely adjustable for young and adult players.

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Finally, the hand bell was not held by the stringers any more. One bell was inserted through the steel plate, and there is a connection between steel plate and the hourglass. The hourglass was supported by the bending steel rods stands. The connection allows the rotation of the hourglass, when the connection was fixed, the hourglass could not be moved.

Axo drawing for assembly of hourglass and steel rod support.

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Base Design

Our base was inspired from the cario tile pattern.

We re-arrange the cario tile pattern.

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During the exhibition, the base was used for supporting bell stands and make the whole structure more stable. After the exhibition, the bells will be collected by the Grainger Museum, our base could be used as a storage box as well for permanently store the federation bell.

Floor Plan

The layout of bases could be arranged differently to perform in different ways. We also needed to design the layout of hand bells because the site is really small, it is necessay for us the display all the hand bells in a possible way. Both of layouts divided 24 hand bells into two groups, and each group has 12 hand bells, because we refer to the piano notes. The first layout was designed for solo performance and it allows one user play with all twenty-four hand bells in one position, the user does not need to walk around, he/she can hit all the hand bells when he/ she stands in the middle of the bells. Also, this type of layout save a lot space for the other users. This layout still allow them wallk through the whole space of the site. Secondly, the hand bells are placed along two curves to allow more people play the hand bells. Except for the users, it also leave some space for other visitors to walk through.

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Physical model for bell modular

Isometric view

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Fabrication Process Hour glass group Steel Plate Detail

To prevent the steel plates scratch the glass, we needed to wrap something elastic around the steel plate. When we were choosing the material, we tested both elastic band or hair tie. The first image shows the bag of elastic band, it is cheaper than the hair tie, but it cannot wrap around the steel plate because it is too slippery. And then, we tested the hair tie, and it could wrap around the steel plate tightly and its colour performed well with the steel plate. The test is successful so we decided to use hair tie to wrap around the steel plate.

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To makde the process work efficiently, we arranged the glass bottles in different groups by colours. We put the notes of bells into the glass bottles first. And then we put the relevant color hair ties into the bottles as well. We put three pieces of steel plates as one group, when we wrapped three steel plates with hair ties, we put them into the bottle and turned the glass bottle over that meant this group had been done, we could wrap the next group of steel plates.

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Hair ties' colour responds to the bells' colour, every hourglass consists of two glass bottles and each glass bottle has three steel plates in the same colour.

After wrapping a lot of steel plates with hair ties, I found steps that helped me warp quickly. Firstly, the hair tie should be streched to get its largest tensile before wrapping; and then,

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Because steel plates will be supported by the steel rods. The bottom of steel rod was connected with the nut, and they will attach to the bottom of the hourglass. To prevent they scratch the bottom of the hourglass, we looked for the suitable protection materials on bunnings website. Finally, we bought the vinyl round clear floor protection, and it sticked to the bottom of the steel rod and directly touch the bottom of the hourglass without sratching glass bottom. It worked well.

After assemblying all the hourglass module, we were ready for pouring the colorful sand.

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Coorporate with other groups

Because sometimes we needed to wait for the arrivial of materials or we completed our own job, we could help other groups, such as steel plate group, casting concrete group, and timber group. I enjoyed with helping other groups because I could learnt different skills from them.

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Painting steel plates

Before we added black paint on the steel plates, similar to the small steel plates in hourglass, we needed to sand their surface, so it could be easy for us to paint on. We used the tables that outside the workshop.Firstly, we covered the table by the black plastic bag. We used roller with sponge rather than the brush, because brush could not brush the paint evenly onto the steel plate.

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Assembled hourglass.

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Assembled formwork, and poured concrete into them. 165

Final Assembling

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Final Assembling

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Phase 03: Phenotype

Groups were refigured to combine ideas for the following improvement and the search for innovation. At the begginning of this phase, our group did the site visit around the campus and divided the specific sites into two categories, these are activated site and unactivated site. We will learn the techniques through those activated sites and figure out how they become activated. Also, those un-activated sites could be our potential sites, and we can design the relevant structure for them. For the first week of this phase, each group member in my group needed choose two different sites, and had two concept designs for their sites. And the following two are my concept designs which focus on the siteless purpose.

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Idea 1 location: Siteless I proposed a multi - functional white oak structure that could be put at any outside ground of the campus. The large taper surface will be the bicycle bracket. The horizontal part that is extruded from the bracket will be used as the study table or shelter. The left part is table for study to provide space for people, who want to study outside; and the right part is shelter that provide shadow for poeple, who sit underneath. I designed in this way because there are limited areas for people to park their bicycle on campus now. Meanwhile, this structure tends to approach the site activation when people use it.

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For example, this structure could be installed beside the arts building. From the photo, there are many bicycles are parked randomly. Bicycles could be placed on the tapper part of the structure. Meanwhile, the user can sit on another side.

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Idea 2 Bench Under the tree The second idea will be used for siteless purpose as well, and the middle hole could be infilled with plants, or one tree could be wrapped with this bench. This bench consists of timber and concrete, we could apply steam bending timber technique for the timber part, and the bottom concrete block can be casted. So this design reflects that what techniques we learnt before. In the aspect of digital design, I used isotrim to vertically cut the cuving surface, which referred to Matthias bench's stringers, and then offset the surface to get the timber form. And I manually built the concrete base in Rhino.

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Merge ideas in group

After we did our individual proposal for the specific sites, our group merged all the ideas, and finally we have two main ideas, these are modular and wind flow design.

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Concept 1 Modular

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Site Analysis

After we walked around the campus, we found that some areas on campus have been activated by installing cafe' there. (Red arrows) We will focus on the areas that have not been activated yet.

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Site Analysis Potential Sites

Blue arrows indicate that the areas have not been activated yet. We took the photos, and most of the site are comprised with the large area of lawn. We consider they could be our potential sites.

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Precedents

Modular Concrete - University of Brighton

I think they did successful in modular concrete, because the concrete block has been casted with the extruded form to connect with the other concrete blocks.

Modular timber maze - Waugh Thisleton Architects

I think they did well in modular timber box, because the edge of each timber box is not striaght, this design could save the joint materials. Also each timber box's openings could be skylight, or doors, it looks not complex but very practical.

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Precedents

This precedent study did successful in its modular frame structure. Overall, the whole structure looks like cladding of metal frame cube; in fact, this is the module of this structure (see the figure at the top). After cladding all the modules, sum of modules become multi-functional, they could be seats for the users; they could be staircase as well. It is a light and stable structure.

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Modules

Table or seat module Steel frame structure with welding connection.

Storage module We do not want to use so many screws, or nails. that is why design connection in this way.

Timber plant pot module The previous four modules are very basic cube form, because we wanted to figure out the feasibility of each module's function and then we could innovate them in other forms, structure or techniques.

Steel frame plant pot module The top is used as the plant pot, and its bottom structure is used as stands, also this stand could be put or connected with other modules.

Bending steel rod module Inspired from steel rod bending group, we would apply this technique in our modular design. We use the bending steel rod instead of treaditional welded steel frame, the fabrication process could save more connection materials. So I think this technique is better than the previous welded steel frame module.

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Details

Refer to the research of traditional plants pot, our plant pot module would consist of these components to approach a feasible structure for plants grow up.

Inspired from puzzle, the storage module could be assebledd in this way to save the amound of the extra joints, such as screw, nails. It could be sticked together by glue except the top piece.

Based on the original steel frame structure , we innovated this by adding bending steel rod technique. And they could be connected by welding.

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This is another module used as plant pot that is made of metal. We started to think from a cube frame, and we will innovate this form further.

This sketch briefly shows the sum of modules.

Form Generation

People could adjust the position of modules.

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Reflection

Because it is a real project, except for our design, we also need to consider our time and budget. And we found that the price of white oak timber is much more expensive than steel rod from our budget. So we will reduce the usage of timber and try to use more steel. So I think bending steel rod technique could be applied more for our project. Inspired from the federation bell project, we built every components in module, it made the fabrication process efficient, and everyone's job is very clear.

Plan 185

Concept 2 Un-Wind 186

Site Analysis Potential Site

This space could be our potential site, few person is willing to walk through here due to it is so windy, that is why this space is hard to be activated. We are going to design a structure, which could block the wind from one side of the building.

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Precedents

From the photos of precedents, the canvas was infilled with gas to get those sphere form. And it makes peolpe inside feel warm and cozy. I think it did successful in creating the warm atmosphere around the users. Inspired from those two precedents, respond to the site problem - windy, I think we could apply the similar technique to create the warm and cozy atmosphere that against the cold windy on site.

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Form generation

Generally, this form was generated based on the wind flow diagram. This meta ball form attempted to block the wind from the direction, where the red arrow came from. In order to provide the sense of safety for the users. However, this proposal has the problem with its giant form, it is not feasible to build up this under that building.

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Brief Reflection

- Different intention of each concept with potential to amalgamate into one. - Familiarity of construction techniques used in combeaning makes it more feasible to deliver within budget and time constraints. - Use of fabric introduces a new material and brings uncertainty to the construction process and ptojected timeline.

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Phase 04: The final count down Cliffany We merged four ideas from phase three phenotype and were working as a whole design studio for phase four.

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Concept 1: MSD - XCAPE

Protecting after hours for MSD. Steam bending timber panelling. Accordion shading. Extended communal bench.

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Concept 2: Lit - Haus

Promoting safety on campus Wire frame steel work Steam bending timber skin Modular light house Sheltered space

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Concept 3: MSD - Com(bean) ing

Modularity Metal framing and mass production Coffee production Library recycling Re - arrangeable configuration

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Concept 4: Un (Wind)

Wire frame steel work Open structure Coffee compost Wind deflection Sheltered space

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Site Analysis

We choose MSD wetworks outdoor as our potential site. This space is usually for students to cast their own work. Sometimes, this space in a mess because the plaster, concrete could be left on the brick floor after students casting. Therefore, we are going to design a working table for this space, students can cast on that table. Also, we would design a structure underneath the table that could vibrate the liquid concrete, the bubbles inside concrete will come out in order to make users' making process efficiently. Meanwhile, the timber staircase provides a path for pedestrians from next lab direction to this wetworks outdoor space. And it become seatings for us during the steam bending process. Also, we wanted to continue our work on site and bring our model and laptop with us. However, this space limits us to do these. So we would provide one more working table over the timber staircase. So we can use laptop at wetworks outdoor. It is necessary since we need to check our digital model when doing the fologram on site. Moreover, from our investigation on site, the extruded bricks from that brick upstand could be potentially as part of structural elements to support the working table.

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Site Analysis

COMFORT

WALK

PROTECTION

ELEMENTS 2 STAND

CRIME SIT

ELEMENTS 2

CRIME

WALK

STAND COMFORT

SIT

CRIME

HUMAN SCALE

COMFORT

SEE

LISTEN

STAND

SIT

DELIGHT

TRAFFIC

SEE ELEMENTS 2

WALK

DELIGHT

COMFORT

PROTECTION

TRAFFIC

SIT

PROTECTION

COMFORT

TRAFFIC WALK

STAND

COMFORT

Jan Gehl Good urban spaces

HUMAN SCALE

SEE

BUILT WORLD

HUMAN SCALE

NATURE

BUILT WORLD

DELIGHT

LISTEN

PLAY

Also, our structure could concern with the human scale. So we would investigate the field of ergonomics to explore the suitable form for people sitting, reclining.

NATURE

BUILT WORLD

DELIGHT

SEE

HUMAN SCALE

COMFORT

PLAY

NATURE

Inspired from Jan Gehl's good urban spaces, we intend to design a structure that could provide comfort COMFORT for the users when they were sitting or walking.

LISTEN

PLAY

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LISTEN

NATURE

PLAY

BUILT WORLD

Concept design

After hours meeting point: For a vivid campus culture.

Avtivating Tin Alley: From walk through path to hang out space.

Fablab on display: Bringing awareness to working area.

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Concept design

Outdoor Study Space: For a healthier study life.

Wet room work bench: For a healthier position.

Casting storage: Preventing chaos.

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Form: Ergonomics

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Form: Ergonomics Study Area

Work Bench

Slanting the working surface to prevent water ponding and use of study area for casting.

Back-splash detail to prevent casting material from falling over workstop and destroying the existing landscape.

Seat

Recline

Providing seating space closer to the thoroughfare along Redmond Barry Building.

Offering relaxation spots by designing a portion for recline.

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Exploded Axo Draft

This part of Steel Rods attach to the concrete column

Table for work space: Metal sheet covers steel rod structure. Connections between steel ribs and irregular steel structure are welded.

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Exploded Axo Draft This part of Steel Rods attach to the concrete column

Table for work space: Metal sheet covers steel rod structure. Connections between steel ribs and irregular steel structure are welded.

A flat metal bracket connects the steel rib to timber strips. Nail plates connect several pieces of timber strips togertherto form a surface stably.

Steel Ribs are bending steel rods that welded with irregular steel rods.

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Simplify metal frame Because the last metal frame is too complex to approach in reality, so we tried to simplify the metal frame structure.

We manually built up the form in Rhino. This form will be used as a module of metal frame.

Cut the form into six sections, these will be used as the steel rod ribs and they are for supporting timber.

Adding the secondary part of metal frame onto the steel ribs.

To bend quickly and accurately, we would use fologram instead of traditional jigs to bend the steel rods.

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To strengthen and connect the metal ribs, we pointed out the location along ribs, where the secondary metal frame would connect.

Algorithimic Process Timber Stringers

Extract the polysurface and rebuild it to a singular surface.

Two red lines form the boundary of volume.

Cut the form into equal divided section by using the evaluate curve component.

These dots were created by the same length that was decided by the timber's thickness.

These two parts have the same number of dots.

Use polyline as the guidepoints to connect a curve.

Dots at left are located in the middle.

Use these points to connect new curves.

Add thickness of those curves.

Gaps occurred, need to be infilled manually.

Timber can be divided in the same length to estimate the usage of timber material for budget.

Perhaps reduce some timber to save material.

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View from wet work room

View outside the wet work room

Isometric view of the curving bench

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View 1: Students are casting their concrete on working table.

View 2: Curving bench provides the comfortable space for seating, lying, and generates the relaxing atmosphere.

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The final count down Cliffany's little sister

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The final count down Cliffany's little sister

Isometric View

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Form Progression

At the beginning, cliffany was used for multi-funtion, seating, recline, workbench, study table.

And then, we wanted some relation with the surrounding concrete column, so we extended the tail of bench up to the concrete column.

Because the tail could block the pedestrians way, so we cut its middle part.

Because we did not have enough time to build that much long struchture, we only focused on the sitting bench.

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Form Transition

- Metal frame concept - Timber cladding - Ergonomics - Wet work site - Attachment to brick wall

- Metal frame concept - Timber cladding - Ergonomics - Site-less - Realistic time frame - Refined product

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Algorithmic Process

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Metal frame form finding

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Fologram - Bending Rod FOLOGRAM ROD BENDING BASE, OUTER AND INNER CIRCLE

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Fologram - Bending flatbar

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Timber cladding process diagram

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Construction Detail

A: 12mm x 8mm White American Oak bent timber strip B: 60mm x 8mm White American Oak bent timber supports C: 16mm timber nail fixings below as a hidden detail D: 32mm x 3mm bent steel flat bar for rib framing E: 10mm diameter bent steel rod for supports F: 40mm self tapping wing teks screws to secure timber supports onto steel rib frame.

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Stories about

Cliffany's little sister

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Fabrication Process Timber cladding

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Appendix Elasticity Exhibition

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It is a lamp and its stand is made of steam bending timber. Timber's curving form matched well with the sphere light bulb. And I was wondering how the designer bend the timber in section after bending in longitudinal direction.

This sculpture used bending metal sheet, which responded to the topic of exhibition "elasticity", and it was infilled with lighting. It was nice when the whole form illuminated in the dark space. It also matched well with surrounding space, there was a metal table under it and reflecting some soft light.

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This plate consists of bending metal sheet and leather rope. The steel plate was bended through the cutting lines to create the depth of the plate.

This is another bending metal sculpture and its basement is infilled with black paint. Compare to other sculpture, this is a large, light metal frame sculpture. I think it did successful with the structure and connection. And I was wondering how did this complex form stand with curving wire. From my observation, the connections stick every steel wire in a stable position. And I found that some parts used repetitive, triangular steel frame, which could make the whole sculpture stable.

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Appendix Steam Bending Timber Group

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Reference

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1. Cover Image: from Matthias Plissinig official website and edited by Yuling Guo 2. Matthias Photo: http://www.matthias-studio.com/2018/7/30/ jwvmgz49jo6jgupx749c6tp6znu9mz 3 . M a t t h i a s v i d e o : h t t p s : / / w w w. y o u t u b e . c o m / watch?v=8rCP0YQvTPk 4. Cut timber bending: https://www.instructables.com/id/KerfCutting-Timber/ 5. Mould precedent: https://www.pinterest.com.au/ pin/441915782164463895/ 6. Fologram precedent: http://www.buildinganddecor.co.za/ raw-materials-transformed-into-complex-structures-huts-andhabitats/ 7. Precedent images for phase 02: from google image 8. Precedent images for phase 03: from google image

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Credits

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Yuling Page

Drawings

Jason

Samantha

Model Fabrication Model Assembly Photography

51 - 52 53 - 54 55 - 56 57 - 58 59 - 60 61 - 62 63 - 64 65 - 66 67 - 68 69 - 70 71 - 72 73 - 74 75 - 76 77 - 78 79 - 80 81 - 82 83 - 84 85 - 86 87 - 88 89 - 90 91 - 92 93 - 94 95 - 96

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Writing

Graphic Design

Jason

Yuling Page

Drawings

Samantha

Ray

Model Fabrication Model Assembly Photography

Zichao

Junkai

Writing

Graphic Design Ray

97 - 98 99 - 100 101 - 102 103 - 104 105 - 106 107 - 108 109 - 110 111 - 112 113 - 114 115 - 116 117 - 118 119 - 120 121 - 122 123 - 124 125 - 126 127 - 128 129 - 130 131 - 132 133 - 134 135 - 136 137 - 138 139 - 140 141 - 142

Billy

232

Jason

Yuling Page

Drawings

Samantha

Ray

Billy

Model Fabrication Model Assembly Photography

143 - 144

Writing

Junkai Graphic Design

Classmates Lucy Thalia Kush

145 - 146 147 - 148 149 - 150 151 - 152 153 - 154 155 - 156 157 - 158 159 - 160 161 - 162 163 - 164 165 - 166 167 - 168 169 -170 171 - 172 173 - 174 175 - 176 177 -178 179 - 180 181 - 182 183 - 184 185 - 186 187 - 188

Zichao

233

Jason

Yuling Classmates Page

Samantha Lucy

Drawings

Ray Kush

Thalia

Ashley

Model Fabrication Model Assembly Photography

189 - 190 191 - 192 193 - 194 195 - 196 197 - 198 199 - 200 201 - 202 203 - 204 205 - 206 207 - 208 209 - 210 211 - 212 213 - 214 215 - 216 217 - 218 219 - 220 221 - 222 223 - 224 225 - 226 227

Zichao

Billy

234

Writing

Junkai Zikai

Graphic Design

Biography

Illustrasion of traditional zoo, studio 42.

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Figure. Proposed zoo, studio 42.

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Figure. Elevation, Representation of invisible city, Isaura, studio 42.

Figure. 3 Isometric Drawing, Representation of invisible city, Isaura, studio 42.

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Thank You

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