Directors’ report

3. Principal accounting policies – (continued)

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less cost to complete and sell. Inventories are valued at weighted average cost. In respect of goods held for resale, a provision is made based on the time elapsed since the goods were purchased. Provision is made for other inventories relating to strategic plant, based upon the remaining useful economic life of the assets to which they relate. The cost of work in progress includes costs directly related to the units of production and a systematic allocation of fixed and variable production overheads. Inventories are recognised as a cost of sale in the period in which the related revenue is recognised.

At the end of each reporting period inventories are assessed for impairment. If an item of inventory is impaired, the identified inventory is reduced to its selling price less costs to complete and sell and an impairment charge is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income. Where a reversal of the impairment is recognised the impairment charge is reversed, up to the original impairment loss, and is recognised as a credit in the statement of comprehensive income.

Foreign exchange

(a) Functional and presentation currency

The company’s functional and presentation currency is Pounds Sterling, being the primary economic environment in which the company operates. All amounts in the financial statements have been rounded to the nearest £1,000.

(b) Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the spot exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.

At each year-end foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate. Non-monetary items measured at historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items measured at fair value are measured using the exchange rate when fair value was determined. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income.

Financial instruments

(a) Financial assets

The company has chosen to adopt Sections 11 and 12 of FRS 102 in respect of financial instruments.

Basic financial assets, including receivables and cash and bank balances, are initially recognised at transaction price plus transaction costs, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest.

Such assets are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

At the end of each reporting period financial assets measured at amortised cost are assessed for objective evidence of impairment. If an asset is impaired the impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income.

If there is a decrease in the impairment loss arising from an event occurring after the impairment was recognised the impairment is reversed. The reversal is such that the current carrying amount does not exceed what the carrying amount would have been had the impairment not previously been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income. Financial assets are derecognised when (a) the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are settled, or (b) substantially all the risks and rewards of the ownership of the asset are transferred to another party, or (c) control of the asset has been transferred to another party who has the practical ability to unilaterally sell the asset to an unrelated third party without imposing additional restrictions.

(b) Financial liabilities

Basic financial liabilities, including trade and other payables and short-term loans, are initially recognised at transaction price less transaction costs, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest.

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade payables are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the liability is extinguished, that is when the contractual obligation is discharged, cancelled, or expires. (c) Derivatives

Derivatives, including interest rate swaps, heavy fuel oil commodity swaps and forward foreign exchange contracts, are not basic financial instruments. Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognised in profit or loss in the statement of comprehensive income, except when applying hedge accounting.

The company enters into forward exchange contracts to mitigate the risk of fluctuations in the currency rate between the Euro and Sterling in meeting its financial obligations for the import of electricity units from the European grid and on major infrastructure projects. The company does not hold or issue financial instruments for speculative purposes.

These contracts are measured at fair value utilising the third-party market valuations provided by the relevant counterparties on the basis of ‘exit’ model methodologies.

The company applies hedge accounting for its foreign exchange hedging of the Euro exposure for the import of electricity. These relationships are designated as cash flow hedges of highly probably forecast transactions. The fair value of these hedges is shown in note 23. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments which are designated as highly effective hedges of future cash flows are recognised directly in other comprehensive income and any ineffective portion is recognised immediately in profit or loss in the statement of comprehensive income. When hedges mature, amounts deferred in other comprehensive income are recognised in profit or loss in the statement of comprehensive income in the same period as the hedged item. The risks being hedged are as outlined above. Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. Until that time, any cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument recognised in other comprehensive income is kept in equity until the forecast transaction occurs. If a hedged transaction is no longer expected to occur, the net cumulative gain or loss that has been recognised in other comprehensive income is transferred to profit or loss in the statement of comprehensive income.

3. Principal accounting policies – (continued) Financial instruments – (continued)

(d) Offsetting

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amounts presented in the financial statements when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash at bank, balances with States’ Treasury and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts, when applicable, are shown within trade payables in current liabilities.

Critical accounting judgements and estimation uncertainty

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of the accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are reasonable under the circumstances. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected. The company has proposed a tariff change to the States Trading Supervisory Board (“STSB”) that allows the company to raise its tariffs to recover additional electricity revenue of up to 9% in the first year, net of current cost pass-through adjustments, effective from 1 July 2022 and rising each year for the two years thereafter, subject to further annual review and approval by the STSB. The company is proposing that these tariffs continue to be based on prior usage and in the judgement of the directors, the past usage basis for this tariff change will remain unchanged. (i) Revenue

Sales of electricity include an estimate for the value of unbilled units at the end of each financial period which represents the estimated units consumed by customers since the last billing date. The estimate is calculated as the units produced, less works power and an estimate of losses on the distribution network to determine the units delivered to customers. Billed units are deducted from this amount to derive the unbilled units. These unbilled units are valued at current tariff rates. See note 4 for the value of unbilled units included in sales of electricity. (ii) Property, plant and equipment (note 9) (a) Recognition

The costs of property, plant and equipment are only recognised as an asset when there is sufficient certainty that the asset will be completed. For significant projects, an assessment is made at least annually, or at the time of key project milestones, and the associated costs are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income until such time that management considers it probable that the project will proceed to completion. (b) Useful economic lives of tangible assets

The annual depreciation charge for tangible assets is sensitive to changes in the estimated useful economic lives and residual values of the assets. The useful economic lives and residual values are re-assessed annually. They are amended when necessary to reflect current estimates, based on technological advancement, future investments, economic utilisation, and the physical condition of the assets. See note 9 for the carrying amount of the property, plant, and equipment. (c) Impairment/disposals

At each statement of financial position date, non-financial assets not carried at fair value are assessed to determine whether there is an indication that the asset or cash generating unit (“CGU”) may be impaired. If there is such an indication, an estimation of the recoverable amount of the asset or CGU is determined which requires estimation of the future cash flows from the asset or CGU and also selection of appropriate discount rates in order to calculate the net present value of those cash flows. (iii) Retirement benefit obligations – for details and assumptions see note 24. (iv) Deferred tax/unrelieved trading losses – for details and assumptions see note 7.

4. Revenue

30 Sept 2021 £’000

30 Sept 2020 £’000

Sales of electricity Sale of goods, commercial and hire purchase Rental income

Deferred income

Other income 57,221 74,606

4,498 5,940

222

371

275

283

54

237

62,270 81,437

All sales of electricity arise from customers in the island of Guernsey. Sales of goods, commercial and hire purchase are made to customers throughout the Bailiwick of Guernsey. As stated in the accounting policy for sales of electricity, at the end of each financial period, an estimate of the unbilled units is determined.

The value of unbilled units included in sales of electricity above is £6,692,000 (30 September 2020: £4,774,000).