RAINWATER COLLEC TION
KINETIC HARVESTING
K INETIC ITY NET ZERO PARK
URBAN FARMING
MEISSANE KOUASSI, AGNES ANGGADA, SIERRA HECKMAN, HAZEL VILLENA
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
AT 5 I N T E G R AT E D D E S I G N : U R B A N S C A L E SPRING 2021 WORKSHOP 1A
It is our intent as a team to understand the many disciplines and systems that work in conjunction with and outside of sites, directly affecting the buildings we as future architects may build or preserve. Within the Bushwick area of our site, we hope to learn about and o p t i m i z e s y s t e m a t i c e f f i c i e n c i e s s u c h a s w a t e r a n d e n e r g y, e c o l o g i c a l f l o w s w i t h i n t h e l a n d a n d w a t e r, a s w e l l a s a n t h r o p o l o g i c a l f l o w s s u c h a s c u l t u r e , e d u c a t i o n , a n d c o m m u n i t y.
meissane kouassi mak2295
agnes anggada aaa2356
I m p l e m e n t e r, S h a p e r, C o m p l e t e r / F i n i s h e r Language : French, English
Implementer Language : Indonesian, English
From Abidjan, Ivory Coast currently residing in NYC. Hold a dual bachelor degree in Architecture from Tongji University (Shanghai, CN) and The University of New South Wales (Sydney, AUZ). Passionate about the built environment, I find inspiration in minimalism, lightweight construction, and sustainability.
Hello! I’m Agnes and I was born and raised in Jakarta, Indonesia. I attended USC in Los Angeles for my undergraduate education, majoring in Finance. After working a few years in the corporate world and being involved in multiple design projects on the client side, II decided to explore my interest in design (especially in architecture and interiors) by enrolling in GSAPP’s New York Paris Program. This program confirmed my interest in architecture, thus I enrolled in GSAPP’s M.Arch program! I am enjoying my experience in GSAPP so far and excited to learn more about the field!
I have been lucky enough to learn from great architects such as Glenn Murcutt, Guillaume Koffi or Issa Diabaté. They have influenced my architectural thinking which now seeks ecological functionalism with a response to the physical, social and psychological context of all my design projects. My areas of interests are density housing and urban regeneration for housing accessibility, affordability, diversity and sustainability.
sierra heckman ash2244
hazel villena hnv2103
Te a m w o r k e r, P l a n t Language : English
P l a n t , Te a m w o r k e r Language : English, Spanish
I graduated with a bachelor’s degree in Architectural Studies from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, so I am very familiar with the architecture field! After graduating I worked for one year at Perkins&Will in Chicago, where I primarily worked on a skyscraper in Cairo, Egypt. I’ve had experience working mostly in schematic and design development, but have touched on a bit of construction documentation as well.
Born and raised in Lima, Peru, I moved to the US to pursue my bachelor of fine arts in architecture at SCAD, which I completed in 2019. Afterwards, I arrived at GSAPP and have continued to work every summer ever since I started my architecture career. I have been lucky enough to work on different kinds of projects going from smaller scales like pavilions to master planning at firms like HKS, Gensler, and BIG. I am mostly interested in creating spatial experiences that initiate discourse on what architecture can address and become to us, humans.
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
1
PROJECT SUMMARY
2
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3
SITE FRAMEWORK + SYSTEMS
4
ENERGY SYSTEMS
5
WATER SYSTEMS
6
URBAN FARMING SYSTEMS
7
BUILDING CONCEPT
8
SUMMARY + NEXT STEPS
9
APPENDIX
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
1
PROJECT SUMMARY KinetiCity is a net-zero park intervention located adjacent to the Bushwick inlet in Brooklyn, New York. The project serves as an innovative and sustainable proposal for community and systems engagement through the study of flooding levels and incorporation of renewable energy and water collection systems. KinetiCity revolves around the idea of movement; movement inherently produces energy, and it is all around us. We capitalize on natural movement to produce energy that then serves our site programs in a closed loop system. These methods are also reflected on site with one main built element, a circular building which hosts indoor programs such as urban farming, communal cooking, and market spaces, which overlook the East River and kinetic park.
1 | PROJECT SUMMARY
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
2
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS We started our approach by looking at site mobility because our main objective was to draw more people to the site to harvest more kinetic energy. Looking in particular at site fatalities, we aimed to determine the intersections that would need to be designed carefully to access the site. Due to Covid-19, 2020 saw a significant reduction in fatalities around the site; however, if we look at data from previous years, we can see the predominant areas that need attention, in particular on Wythe Avenue, which is the adjacent street before the one giving access to our site. We found that in order to reduce the fatalities, NYC city planning has implemented a program called NYC vision zero data. This program includes the identification and design of priority corridors where most interaction happens between pedestrians and vehicles, speed humps to reduce car speeds, and safe streets and neighborhoods for seniors aimed at increasing safety for older New Yorkers. Based on the NYC Vision zero data strategies, we identified three critical streets next to the site, on which we would intervene to draw more people to the Inlet. Those streets are Kent avenue, N 12th St, and Nassau Ave, on which the open street program* happens every weekend. First, the N 12th street will become a pedestrian street and connect Nassau avenue to Kent Avenue, leading weekend crowds to our site. A green lane will be added to Kent Avenue, creating a buffer between vehicles and cyclists. Finally, Berry street will accommodate sidewalk pop-up seating to make the open street program a permanent setting. Closing down N 12th street in our case is possible because it does not change the existing truck routing; northern and southern roads will remain operable, and traffic will be redistributed to them. The annual average daily traffic in the area is between 10,000 cars per day on Kent avenue and lower on the inner streets making the area a slow traffic zone. We decided on three accesses to our site based on our findings and street design strategies, with additional crosswalks at relevant intersections, including route access for delivery or fire trucks. The pedestrian road connects our site to McCarren Park, which will help revive it while creating a bridge between the inlet park and Williamsburg to draw more people to the site. *The Open Streets initiative blocks off designated streets to car traffic and turns the spaces over to restaurants and pedestrians for outdoor dining, events, and other activities on the weekends.
2 | T R A N S P O RTAT I O N S Y S T E M S
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
CRASH MAP EVOLUTION
2 | T R A N S P O RTAT I O N S Y S T E M S
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
CRASH MAP EVOLUTION
2 | T R A N S P O RTAT I O N S Y S T E M S
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
CRASH MAP EVOLUTION
2 | T R A N S P O RTAT I O N S Y S T E M S
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
N Y C V I S I O N Z E R O D ATA
2 | T R A N S P O RTAT I O N S Y S T E M S
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
EXISTING STREET DESIGN
2 | T R A N S P O RTAT I O N S Y S T E M S
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
PROPOSED STREET DESIGN
2 | T R A N S P O RTAT I O N S Y S T E M S
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
PROPOSED STREET DESIGN
2 | T R A N S P O RTAT I O N S Y S T E M S
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
URBAN ACCESS
2 | T R A N S P O RTAT I O N S Y S T E M S
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
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SITE FRAMEWORK + SYSTEMS KinetiCity is focusing on community engagement through movement by having programs that promote activities such as kinetic paths, kinetic recreation areas, kinetic skate parks, and kinetic playgrounds. The energy harvested from these programs will support other engagement programs such as outdoor light gardens, fountains and water play areas. Integrated rainwater collection systems and photovoltaic panels will also generate energy and supply water for the urban farming systems. The site has 3 strategic entries from the south, north, and center of the site, which connects the pedestrian path to McCarren Park. These 3 entries connect with the kinetic paths that undulate around the site, which collects kinetic energy from people walking, jogging, or biking. The kinetic energy harvested can power landscape installations such as the water spouts and light gardens. The circular building on the north part of the site is elevated above ground level to avoid flood zones. This building is the only built indoor program, which houses the hydroponics farm, supported by the rainwater collection and solar energy system. This structure will also house supporting community programs, such as a mix of restaurants, learning kitchens, and a farmers market.
3 | SITE FRAMEWORK + SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
FLOOD MAP
3 | SITE FRAMEWORK + SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
FLOOD MAP
3 | SITE FRAMEWORK + SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
3 | SITE FRAMEWORK + SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
SITE PROGRAM
3 | SITE FRAMEWORK + SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
SITE PLAN
3 | SITE FRAMEWORK + SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
3 | SITE FRAMEWORK + SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
SITE AXON
3 | SITE FRAMEWORK + SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
S I T E S Y S T E M S I N T E G R AT I O N
3 | SITE FRAMEWORK + SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
S I T E S Y S T E M S I N T E G R AT I O N
hydroponics farm
3 JOULES
3 | SITE FRAMEWORK + SYSTEMS
6 JOULES
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
3 | SITE FRAMEWORK + SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
3 | SITE FRAMEWORK + SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
4
ENERGY SYSTEMS KinetiCity uses three main methods to harvest energy on the site: photovoltaics, kinetic surfaces, and water turbines. All the solar panels would be located on the roof of the building, and based on the roof surface available as well as the program energy requirements, we decided on a particular solar panel and calculated the amount of panels that would be needed to accommodate the built program. KinetiCity is focused on maximizing its surfaces for energy harvesting through paved kinetic pathways that start from the street front all the way to the circular building. These kinetic tiles are distributed all across the paths but also laid on some active program spaces like a playground and a skate park. The goal is that with the total kinetic surface of 190,000 sq ft, KinetiCity will be able to power its secondary programs, such as light gardens. Water turbines at the roof and basin of the water collector building produce enough energy to power four strong landscaping lights that will light up the waterfall at night during rainfall. At the roof’s inner perimeter we are using backshot waterwheels, and at the basin we use a kaplan turbine.
4 | ENERGY SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
ENERGY SOURCES
4 | ENERGY SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
S O L A R S C H E M AT I C S
4 | ENERGY SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
K I N E T I C S C H E M AT I C S
4 | ENERGY SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
K I N E T I C S Y S T E M D E TA I L
4 | ENERGY SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
4 | ENERGY SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
WAT E R T U R B I N E S C H E M AT I C S
4 | ENERGY SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
WAT E R T U R B I N E S Y S T E M D E TA I L
4 | ENERGY SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
4 | ENERGY SYSTEMS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
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WATER SYSTEMS There are two rainwater collection areas on the site, the building and rainwater canopies. When combined, the potential water collected can supply more recycled water than our building needs. In the main building, the sloped roof allows rainwater to flow down to the water plaza, before being collected underground, filtered, and pumped back into the hydroponic farms and plumbing uses on the upper programs. In the rainwater canopies, the water collected supplies water to the fountains and water play areas. These programs will use the kinetic energy generated to power the water pumps.
5 | WAT E R S Y S T E M S
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
R A I N WAT E R S C H E M AT I C S
5 | WAT E R S Y S T E M S
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
BUILDING ROOF
5 | WAT E R S Y S T E M S
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
R A I N WAT E R C A N O P I E S
5 | WAT E R S Y S T E M S
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
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URBAN FARMING SYSTEMS After mapping the food supply system around the site, we found that there were no local supply of fresh ingredients, most supermarkets being located on Manhattan Ave and that most urban farmers were also located more than an hour drive away. Therefore, we plan to have year long vegetables and fruits planted in the hydroponics farm, and the surrounding green areas will have large and small sized fruit trees. The hydroponics system utilizes filtered rainwater to be pumped upwards so the water can flow down through the vegetable roots. Energy harvested from the solar panels will power the pink LED lights, supplying the colors needed for the vegetables to grow. Hydroponics also produces approximately 100x the yield of traditional farming, because of its ability to be multiplied vertically and year long harvesting, providing sustainable produce in the heart of the neighborhood As for managing the organic waste from the farms and the kitchens, using anaerobic composting system will allow microorganisms to recycle the waste back into the farm as fertilizer, or as natural fuel for vehicles and biogas to create electricity or heat.
6 | U R B A N FA R M I N G S Y S T E M S
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
R E S TA U R A N T S & F O O D D I S T R I B U T I O N
6 | U R B A N FA R M I N G S Y S T E M S
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
U R B A N FA R M I N G S C H E M AT I C S
6 | U R B A N FA R M I N G S Y S T E M S
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
HYDROPONICS SYSTEM
6 | U R B A N FA R M I N G S Y S T E M S
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
WASTE MANAGEMENT
6 | U R B A N FA R M I N G S Y S T E M S
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
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BUILDING CONCEPT The design of the building, also referred to as the rainwater collection center, primarily responds to the study of the floodplain and climate of the area. The thin ring-like geometry sits on a hill above the floodplain and ties into KinetiCity’s theme of flow and movement, as well as serving to function cross ventilation throughout the interior. The roof acts as a large funnel, slowly bringing rainwater toward the central oculus and allowing the water to fall into the basin below to be stored. The building consists of two levels, with the entrance at the top level set back to provide shading on the interior from southern sunlight. In addition, because the site receives wind primarily from the northwest, we sliced through the upper level in the northwest direction to allow for maximum interaction of breeze with users as well as the waterfall at the center. At the ground level the hydroponics farms welcome passerbyers through rotating doors at the underpass. During summertime one can imagine standing in this plaza, smelling the fragrance of fresh produce, the river, and misting of rainwater falling into the basin. In the upper programs we use the radial geometry of the hydroponics farm below to inform where we placed plumbing walls above, ensuring water could go straight up to serve the cooking and food service programs. All of the systems described thus far in this booklet integrate and influence one another in the overall building design, working to create a net zero building to accompany the park, encouraging engagement of both community and systems.
7 | BUILDING CONCEPT
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
C L I M AT E A N A LY S I S
MICROCLIMATES O U T D O O R S H E LT E R
PASSIVE COOLING
7 | BUILDING CONCEPT
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
battery storage
7 | BUILDING CONCEPT
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
7 | BUILDING CONCEPT
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
UPPER FLOOR PLAN
market
restaurant
food hall
cooking school
7 | BUILDING CONCEPT
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
B U I L D I N G - S Y S T E M S I N T E G R AT I O N
7 | BUILDING CONCEPT
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
8
NEXT STEPS To take KinetiCity further, our team would like to delve more deeply into the topic of waste management. While we have already proposed the idea of anaerobic digestion to manage the food waste from our building programs, we haven’t gone into the same depth of understanding as our water and energy systems in terms of the calculations and mechanics. We would like to fully understand the amount of food waste produced, how much energy can be produced through anaerobic digestion, and how we would return this energy back into our site proposal. In addition, we are also interested in studying how to manage wastewater. From our rainwater studies, we now know that we can collect plentiful water to support our built program, but we haven’t yet had the opportunity to study in depth what happens to the water after it has been utilized. This is especially important since cooking services rely heavily on the use of water and produce an incredible amount of wastewater.
8 | NEXT STEPS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
9
9 | APPENDIX
APPENDIX
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
SITE RESEARCH
COMMUNITY
E D U C AT I O N
ETHNICITY
LANDMARKS
9 | APPENDIX
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
SITE RESEARCH
PARKS
P O P U L AT I O N / A G E
C I T Y T R A N S P O RTAT I O N
ZONING
9 | APPENDIX
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
ENERGY
GEOTHERMAL ELECTRICITY
SOLAR
9 | APPENDIX
KINETIC HARVESTING REFERENCES
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
WAT E R
SEWAGE & DRAINAGE
9 | APPENDIX
C I T Y WAT E R D I S T R I B U T I O N
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n
ADDITIONAL
FA R M S U P P LY
9 | APPENDIX
AQUAPONICS
KinetiCity AT V U r b a n S y s t e m s I n t e g ra t i o n