Teacher's guide ESO LOMLOE de Geography and History

Teacher’s guide 1. Ficha de programación 2. Answers to the activities in the student’s Book 3. Instrumentos de evaluación - Exam - My portfolio - rubrica

Unidad 1. La lengua y los hablantes (I). Creación de un club de lectura Programación ............................................................................................................................................ 6

4. audio scripts 5. atención a la diversidad - adaptación curricular - adaptación del exam

1. fichas de programación

Unidad 1. La lengua y los hablantes (I). Creación de un club de lectura Programación ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Unidad 2. La lengua y los hablantes (II). Dramatización de registros lingúísticos

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The Earth’s relief 1. Ficha técnica

Guion temático

En esta unidad vamos a estudiar la estructura de la Tierra, las capas que la componen y la tectónica de placas.

También se aprenderán la creación y modelado del relieve terrestre, así como los principales elementos del relieve, tanto continental como oceánico y las principales características del relieve de los cinco continentes habitados. Por último, estudiaremos el relieve de España y Andalucía.

Competencias clave adaptadas a la modalidad bilingüe

• Comunicación lingüística (CCL): lectura y producción de textos sobre el relieve de la Tierra; uso del vocabulario y tiempos verbales específicos para este fin; expresión oral de ideas claras y precisas.

• Aprender a aprender (CAA): desarrollo de estrategias para organizar su propio aprendizaje y gestionar el tiempo y la información eficazmente, ya sea individualmente o en grupos; despertar el interés por el aprendizaje y la búsqueda de información.

• Competencia digital (CD): uso de ordenadores para producir información y comunicarse; manejo y uso de webs para obtener información.

• Conciencia y expresiones culturales (CEC): análisis y comentarios de mapas.

• Competencia matemática y competencias básicas en ciencia y tecnología (CMCT): análisis del entorno físico, uso de argumentaciones científicas para explicar una conclusión, utilización de un lenguaje científico.

Contenidos lingüísticos

• Léxico: layer, core, mantle, crust, tectonic plate, lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, endosphere, earthquake, epicentre, hypocentre, tsunami, fault, fold, volcano, relief, mountain range, plain, plateau, massif, basin, valley, cape, gulf, inlet, bay, estuary, fjord, peninsula, isthmus, archipelago, cliff, continental shelf, continental slope, abyssal plain, ocean ridge, ocean trench.

• Gramática: present simple, present perfect, past simple and future simple; passive voice; prepositions and relative pronouns; comparative and superlative; conditional sentences.

Modelos discursivos

• Diálogos.

• Debates.

• Textos divulgativos.

• Textos expositivos.

• Textos descriptivos.

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Tareas específicas de la modalidad bilingüe

• Completar textos con vocabulario específico.

• Actividades de verdadero y falso para corregir errores.

• Comprensión de una lectura a través de preguntas.

• Completar tablas para ordenar ideas, construir frases o clasificar elementos.

• Análisis e interpretación de mapas e imágenes. Descripción de imágenes.

• Realizar un mapa y localizar en él elementos del relieve.

• Escuchar un texto grabado y resolver actividades relacionadas con dicha grabación.

• Resolver sopas de letras y crucigramas para ampliar el vocabulario y repasar las palabras nuevas.

• Comparar elementos y establecer similitudes y diferencias.

• Definir conceptos clave.

• Búsqueda de información y tratamiento de la misma.

• CCL: adquiere un vocabulario específico de la propia materia en lengua inglesa. Adquiere estructuras gramaticales en lengua inglesa. Comprende las preguntas que se formulan sobre la materia.

Criterios de evaluación • CAA: obtiene información de fuentes escritas, graficas y visuales. de la modalidad bilingüe • CD: usa y cuida adecuadamente los medios tecnológicos que se le facilitan para la consecución de actividades y trabajos.

• CEC: analiza y comenta diversas imágenes y mapas.

• CMCT: analiza datos para resolver un problema. Contrasta la información; utiliza argumentos para apoyar sus conclusiones.

Teacher’sbook GEOGRAPHY & HISTORY 1 ESO

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2. Answers to the activities in the student’s Book

Unidad 1. La lengua y los hablantes (I). Creación de un club de lectura Programación ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Unidad 2. La lengua y los hablantes (II). Dramatización de registros lingúísticos

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The Earth’s relief

Answers to the activities in the student’s book Activities 1 Work in groups and discuss these questions before reading the unit. a) The first two questions will be assessed for the correct use of the past tenses and the construction of sentences such as: I have never experienced an earthquake, but I visited Teide two years ago.

Spain is located between the Eurasian and African plates, which causes occasional earthquakes, especially in southern regions like Andalusia. b) Some elements of relief that students study in this unit are: plain, plateau, mountain, basin, valley, beach, cape, gulf, island, continental shelf, continental slope, etc. c) When a volcano erupts, it expels magna, a mixture of solid materials (rock fragments), liquids (lava) and gases from the earth’s crust and upper mantle. d) Open answer. Example: I would prefer to spend my holidays along the Atlantic part of the Andalusian coastline rather than on the Mediterranean side.

I think the Atlantic coast has nice sandy beaches. I like them better than the pebble beaches along the Mediterranean coastline.

2 What are the tectonic plates? What happens when they move? Discuss your answers with your classmates The tectonic plates are the fragments or blocks into which the lithosphere is divided. The plates float on the asthenosphere. As they collide and break up, enormous quantities of energy are released, causing tremors and earthquakes or the formation of volcanoes. The movement of the tectonic plates is also responsible for the creation of different forms of relief.

3 Look at the picture about the propagation of an earthquake on the previous page. Write the difference between the hypocentre and the epicentre of an earthquake.

The hypocentre is the point within the Earth where the earthquake rupture starts. The epicentre is the point directly above it on the surface of the Earth.

4 Match each of these concepts with its definition. a) 3.

c) 4.

b) 2.

d) 1.

5 2 Listen to the audio recording and complete the text with these words: lithosphere, Asia, Europe, continents, centimetres, today, asthenosphere, Pangaea. Then, answer the questions.

Millions of years ago, all of the continents that we know of were joined into just one: Pangaea. However, the lithosphere broke up into a dozen layers, which slipped into the asthenosphere, moving further apart or closer together, until the continents as we know them today were formed. Such movement continues to this day. Europe and North America continue to move 2.5 centimetres apart each year, while India and Asia move between 4 and 6 centimetres closer together each year. a) In the beginning, Pangaea was the only continent on Earth. b) No, the tectonic plates are constantly moving.

6 Match the erosive agents with their descriptions: a) 4.

d) 3.

b) 2.

e) 5.

c) 6.

f) 1.

Task: preventing disasters scale, how serious was the earthquake recorded in Tokyo described in the article?

The purpose of the seismological Richter scale is to measure the energy released by an earthquake and, thus, its severity. The earthquake described in the article, with a 6.1 magnitude, is considered to be ‘strong’ according to the Richter scale.

B Summarise the human and material consequences from the earthquake. Why do you think this earthquake didn’t have any serious consequences?

The earthquake didn’t cause mortal victims. Regarding the material consequences, it caused damage to the rail network and some buildings. Japan sits along one of the world’s most active seismic zones, so its infrastructure and buildings are designed to withstand tremors.

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C Examine the map containing the tectonic plates and locate Japan, Indonesia and Pakistan. Why do you think earthquakes are frequent in these three countries?

All of these countries are located in the collision zones of two or more plates. In other words, they are located in regions with intense seismic activity, where earthquakes are frequent.

D Now locate Spain on the map. Are earthquakes frequent in Spain? Why or why not?

Spain is located between the Eurasian and African plates, which causes occasional earthquakes, especially in southern regions like Andalusia.

Teacher’sbook GEOGRAPHY & HISTORY 1 ESO

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A Research what the Richter scale is. According to that

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The Earth’s relief

Activities 7 Match the following coastal relief elements with their definition. a) 4.

d) 5.

b) 6.

e) 3.

c) 1.

f) 2.

8 Explain the difference between the following pairs of elements and discuss the answers with your classmates. a) Both of them are flat but a plain is found in a lowlying area whereas a plateau is found on high ground. b) An island is completely surrounded by water, whereas a peninsula is only partially surrounded by water and it is connected to the continent by a strip of land called an isthmus. c) A gulf is a deep inlet of the sea into the land, whereas a cape is a piece of land that sticks out into the sea. d) An ocean ridge is an underwater mountain range, whereas an ocean trench is a deep underwater depression.

9 Look at the world map included in the appendices and find the answers to the following questions. In pairs, use comparative and superlative structures to define each of the things that you have found. For example: The highest mountain in Europe is...; This continent is smaller than... a) • Europe, Africa, Asia and North America are found in the northern hemisphere.

• South America, Asia, Africa, Oceania and Antarctica are located in the southern hemisphere b) • In Asia, the highest peak is Mount Everest.

• In South America, Mount Aconcagua.

• In North America, Mount McKinley.

• In Africa, the Kibo volcano.

e) • The longest river in America is the Amazon; the Nile in Africa; the Yangtze in Asia; the Volga in Europe; the Murray in Oceania; and the Onyx in Antarctica.

• The biggest lake in America is Lake Superior; Lake Victoria in Africa; Lake Baikal in Asia; Lake Ladoga in Europe; Lake Vostok in Antarctica; and Lake Eyre in Oceania.

10 2 Listen to the audio recording and complete the text.

When Christopher Columbus reached the island of Guanahani in the Caribbean, he thought he had found the gateway to Asia. But he was wrong: the land he had discovered belonged to a continent that was unknown to Europeans. America is named after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespuccio, who was the first person to reach the conclusion that the land they had found wasn’t Asia but part of a new continent.

11 With the help of an atlas, locate the following elements of relief and complete the table: Rocky Mountains, Canary Islands, Andes, Terranova, Appalachians, Baltic Coastal Plain, Pyrenees, Kamchatka Peninsula, Corsica, Great Rift Valley, Cyprus, Caucasus Mountains, Himalayas, British Isles, Madagascar, the Great Dividing Range, Scandinavian Mountains, Atlas Mountains, Korean Peninsula, Ethiopian massif, Japan, Drakensberg Mountains, Sri Lanka, New Zealand, Amazon Plain, Central Siberian Plateau, Labrador Peninsula.

Continent

Elements

Africa

Canary Islands, Great Rift Valley, Madagascar, Atlas mountains, Ethiopian massif, Drakensberg mountains.

America

Rocky Mountains, Andes, Terranova, Appalachians, Amazon Plain, Labrador Peninsula.

Asia

Korean Peninsula, Japan, Sri Lanka, Central Siberian Plateau, Kamchatka Peninsula, Himalayas.

Europe

Baltic Coastal Plain, Pyrenees, Corsica, Cyprus, Caucasus Mountains, British Isles, Scandinavian Mountains.

Oceania

Great Dividing Range, New Zealand.

• In Europe, Mont Blanc.

• In Antarctica, Mount Vinson.

• In Oceania, the Puncak Jaya peak. c) The biggest continent in the world is Asia and the smallest is Oceania. d) • The biggest island in America is Greenland.

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• The biggest island in Oceania is Papua New Guinea.

• The biggest island in Asia is Borneo.

• The biggest island in Africa is Madagascar.

• The biggest island in Europe is Great Britain.

• The biggest island in Antarctica is Alexander Island.

Teacher’sbook GEOGRAPHY & HISTORY 1 ESO

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The Earth’s relief

Task: very deep knowledge A Place in order, from shallowest to deepest, the spots in the oceans that appear in the text.

The deepest spots in the oceans that appear in the text are, from shallowest to deepest:

• Molloy Abyss (Arctic), 5,551 m.

• Factorian Abyss (Antarctic), 7,432 m.

C Use the physical world map in the annex and determine where such depths are located.

Mount Everest, with a height of 8,848 m, is the highest spot on Earth, and would fit 1.23 times into the Challenger Abyss. As for Teide, the highest peak in Spain at 3,715 m, it would fit 3 times over (2.94 times to be exact!)

D Work in groups: currently only 5 % of the planet’s ocean

• Brownson Abyss (Atlantic), 8,378 m.

• Challenger Abyss (Pacific), 10,924 m.

B Research what the highest spot on the planet is and what the highest spot in Spain is and calculate how many times each of the two would fit into the Challenger Abyss.

The deepest spots in the 5 oceans are:

• Arctic Ocean: Molloy Abyss, 5,551 m.

• Atlantic Ocean: Brownson Abyss, 8,378 m.

• Antarctic Ocean: Factorian Abyss, 7,432 m.

• Indian Ocean: Unnamed Abyss, 7,187 m.

• Pacific Ocean: Challenger Abyss, 10,924 m.

floor has been mapped. Why do you think we still don’t know enough about our seas and oceans?

The main issues are technical and economic. The pressure exerted by the ocean is 1,000 times greater than the atmospheric pressure at the Earth’s surface.

Then you have to add the extremely poor visibility and extremely cold temperatures found at great depths.

The technology required to explore such places is very expensive. However, knowing the ocean’s depths better would help us to better understand the underwater flora and fauna, which would make it possible to adequately protect them, something that is needed urgently since only 1.5 % of the world’s oceans are considered to be protected marine reserves. Research demonstrates that ocean trenches are carbon sinks, which could help us to combat climate change.

Activities

Great European Plain

Baltic Coastal Plain East European Plain

Massifs, plateaus and ancient mountains

Vosges Massif

Young mountains in southern Europe

The Alps

Peninsulas Gulfs, capes and straits Islands and archipelagos

Ural Mountains Caucasus Mountains Iberian Peninsula Scandinavian Peninsula The English Channel Gulf of Genoa British Isles Cyprus

13 Guess the names of these elements of Spanish relief and write the answers. a) Canary Islands.

d) Sierra Nevada.

b) Central System.

e) Guadalquivir Basin.

c) Sierra Morena.

14 Complete this table including these elements of Spanish relief: Galician Massif; Canary Islands; Iberian Massif; Central Basin; Catalan Coastal Basin; Sierra Morena; Sierra de Toledo; Andalusian systems; Cantabrian Mountains; Pyrenees; Guadalquivir Basin; Basque Mountains.

Inside the Meseta

Central System, Toledo Mountains.

Bordering the Meseta

Galician Massif, Cantabrian Mountains, Sierra Morena, Iberian System.

Outside the Meseta

Canary Islands, Catalan Coastal Range, Pyrenees, Basque Mountains, Baetic Systems, Guadalquivir Basin, Cantabrian Range.

15 Look at the map of Spain included in the appendices and answer the following questions: a) El Hierro, La Gomera, La Palma, Tenerife, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria and Lanzarote make up the Canary Islands. Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza and Formentera make up the Balearic Islands. b) The Iberian Peninsula is surrounded by the Cantabrian Sea to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the Mediterranean Sea to the south and east. c) The Pyrenees cross the Basque Country, Navarre, Aragón and Catalonia and form a border with France and Andorra. d) Open answer: for example Ebro, Nalón, Narcea and Órbigo.

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Teacher’sbook GEOGRAPHY & HISTORY 1 ESO

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12 Look at the physical map of Europe included in the appendices. Complete the following table about European relief with at least two examples of each.

Open answer. One possible answer could be as follows:

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The Earth’s relief

16 2 Listen to the audio recording and complete the following text with the correct word.

Most of Spain’s territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula, in south-west Europe. It also includes the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, and Ceuta and Melilla on the coast of North Africa. It covers an area of 505,990 square kilometres. The peninsular boundaries are the Cantabrian Sea and the Pyrenees in the north, the Mediterranean Sea in the east, the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal in the west, and the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea in the south. The relief on the peninsula has an average height of 660 metres. This is partly because of a great plateau, called the Meseta, in the centre, formed by the erosion of ancient mountains.

18 Draw a map of Andalusia this in your notebook and mark the following elements of relief: Sub-Baetic Mountain Range; Penibaetic Mountain Range; Sierra Morena; Guadalquivir Basin; Atlantic Ocean; Mediterranean Sea; Sierra Nevada; Serranía de Ronda; Sierra de Cazorla; River Guadalquivir; Mulhacén Peak; Veleta Peak.

17 Order the following peaks from highest to lowest: Torre Cerredo, Puig Major, Las Villuercas, Mulhacén, Veleta, Teide, Teleno, Aneto, Moncayo. Then write sentences using the comparative and superlative.

Teide, Mulhacén, Aneto, Torre Cerredo, Moncayo, Teleno, Las Villuercas and Puig Major.

Open answer: • Teide is higher than Teleno.

• Teide is the highest peak in Spain.

19 What are the main differences between the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of Andalusia? To which of the two do the pictures belong? Then write sentences comparing them and use some of the following structures: The Atlantic coastline has sandy beaches, whereas the Mediterranean coastline has pebble beaches.

Atlantic beaches are flat and sandy, while Mediterranean beaches are more rugged and rocky.

The picture A is the beach Punta Paloma (Tarifa, Cádiz), from the Atlantic coast.

The picture B is the beach Tropical (Granada), from the Mediterranean coast.

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Grammar in geography and history 1 Read this text and identify the verbs in the present simple tense. Then, classify them by affirmative or negative: The tectonic plates that make up the earth’s crust are in continuous movement, but we do not feel this movement, except when it occurs violently. An earthquake is a shaking or vibration at the surface of the earth, caused by tectonic plate movement. When two plates crash, they release a large amount of energy causing tremors that can be very severe. Most of the earthquakes that occur in the world are located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, a large area of the Pacific Ocean that connects America with Asia.

Earthquakes don’t only exist in the continents’ surface: vibrations can also occur on the ocean floor and are called ‘tsunamis’. A tsunami is a great sea wave caused by an underwater earthquake or underwater volcanic eruption.

Tsunamis are not frequent in Spain, but earthquakes are common in our country. Spain is situated between two tectonic plates and this produces about 2,500

Teacher’sbook GEOGRAPHY & HISTORY 1 ESO

earthquakes a year, although most of us do not notice them.

Affirmative present simple verbs Negative present simple verbs make up

do not feel

are

don’t exist

occur, occurs

are not

is

do not notice

crash release causing connects produces 2 Choose the correct option in the following sentences: a) The Atlantic coastline of Andalusia have/has sandy beaches. b) The Guadalquivir basin is/are in Andalusia c) The Central System divide/divides the Meseta into the northern and southern sub-plateaus.

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The Earth’s relief

d) The Canary Islands is/are of volcanic origin. e) Young higher mountains predominate/predominates in the west of America

e) The Baetic mountain range does not separate Andalusia from the Meseta. The Sierra Morena separates Andalusia from the Meseta.

f) The continental surface represent/represents 29 % of our planet.

4 Use these words to write a question for the following answers:

3 The following sentences contain information that is not correct. Rewrite the following sentences in the negative, so that the information they contain is correct. Then, write new affirmative sentences using the present simple and the correct information.

a) What are the tectonic plates?

a) The core is not the outer layer of the Earth. The crust is the outer layer of the Earth. b) Abyssal plains are not deep underwater depressions.

Ocean trenches are deep underwater depressions. c) Alpine mountain ranges do not predominate in the north of Europe. Alpine mountain ranges predominate in the south of Europe. d) The Cantabrian mountains do not surround the Meseta in the south. Cantabrian mountains surround the Meseta in the north.

b) Where are the Himalayas? c) Why are Earthquakes common in Spain? d) How do we classify the units of relief of Spain? e) Which is the biggest island of Africa?

5 Order the following words to make meaningful sentences: a) The Andalusian coast is more than 1,000 km long. b) The Baetic mountain ranges occupy the east and south of Andalusia. c) The Great European Plain stretches from the Ural Mountains to the Pyrenees. d) The European continent is part of the Eurasian landmass. e) An island is a body of land completely surrounded by water.

Final Task: Fight the volcano ➊ Do some research and prepare a brief report on the latest eruption of the volcano on the island of La Palma, indicating when it began, when it ended and the main human and material damage it caused.

eruption on humans. Work in groups and draft a series of recommendations for a population affected by a volcanic eruption, such as avoiding breathing the polluted air and if necessary, evacuating one’s home.

Open answer. The latest volcanic eruption on the Island of La Palma began on September 29, 2021, near the town of El Paso. At the present moment, the volcano continues to remain active/the volcano has ceased to erupt since… causing substantial economic damage. Students shall attempt to quantify the damage depending on the state of the eruption.

Open Answer. The idea is to get students to debate the measures in groups, then compare their answers and reach a consensus on a conclusion. The use of modal verbs and imperatives is key: • Closing doors and windows • Avoiding staying outdoors any longer than necessary • Respecting restricted zones established by the authorities.

• Evacuation measures: • In the event of seismic activity, stay calm.

• Stay abreast of the information provided by the authorities through the media.

• Prepare a small, lightweight emergency kit containing any necessary items: some clothing, food and water, a mobile phone with a charged battery, medicines and personal documents.

➋ The volcanic origin of the Canary Islands explains why volcanic eruptions occur frequently along the archipelago. Research when the previous volcanic eruption on the Canary Islands took place and determine how many eruptions occurred on the island of La Palma over the past one hundred years.

The previous volcanic eruption in the Canary Islands was the underwater eruption on the Island of Hierro in 2021.

As for the island of La Palma, it underwent 3 volcanic eruptions since the middle of the past century: at San Juan in 1949, at Teneguía in 1971 and at Cumbre Vieja, which began in September of 2021.

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➌ Make a list of the health risks posed by the ash and gases expelled by the eruption.

Among the health risks, we can include nasal, skin and eye irritation, sore throat, dry cough, stomach pain or pulmonary conditions (sense of a lack of air, shortness of breath, bronchitis).

➍ Although we cannot keep the lava from destroying towns and crops, we can mitigate the effects of a volcanic 10

Teacher’sbook GEOGRAPHY & HISTORY 1 ESO

3. Instrumentos de evaluación - Exam - my portfolio - rúbrica

Unidad 1. La lengua y los hablantes (I). Creación de un club de lectura Programación ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Unidad 2. La lengua y los hablantes (II). Dramatización de registros lingúísticos

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The Earth’s relief

Name: Course: Group: Date:

1 Name the main characteristics of the layers of the Earth. What is the lithosphere?

2 Classify the following elements in the table: plain, continental slope, cape, abyssal plain, peninsula, ocean trench, plateau, mountain range, valley, isthmus.

Continental relief

Costal relief

Oceanic relief

3 Complete the table with the following elements of relief: Australia, Madagascar, Andes, Alaska, Tiber, The Alps, Japan, Great Rift Valley, Pyrenees, British Isles, Siberia, Greenland, Mount Kilimanjaro.

Continent

Elements

Africa America Asia

Oceania

4 Imagine you are planning a trip by car from Galicia to Almería. Name the main Spanish forms of relief you will see during your journey.

5 Locate on this map the following relief units: Sub-Baetic Mountain Range, Penibaetic Mountain Range, Sierra Morena, Guadalquivir Basin, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Sierra de Cazorla, Mulhacén Peak.

Exam

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Europa

Pruebas y recusos de evaluación

GEOGRAPHY & HISTORY 1 ESO

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ANSWERS TO THE EXAM 1

4

The crust is the thinnest layer of the Earth. It is the ground beneath our feet. The mantle is the largest layer.

It is solid except at the top.

The coherence of the student’s answers and the accuracy of the contents will be assessed.

Throughout my journey from Galicia to Almería I will go through the Galician Massif, Mountains of León, Northern Sub-plateau, Central System, Southern Subplateau, Sub-Baetic Range and Penibaetic Range.

The core is the innermost layer of the Earth. It consists of an outer core and an inner core. They are both made up of iron and nickel, which are responsible for the Earth’s magnetic field.

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The crust and the upper mantle form the lithosphere.

2 Continental relief Plain

Costal relief Cape

Oceanic relief Continental slope

Plateau

Peninsula

Abyssal plain

Mountain range

Isthmus

Ocean trench

Valley

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America

Andes, Greenland, Alaska

Asia

Japan, Tibet, Siberia

Europa

The Alps, Pyrenees, British Isles

Oceania

Australia

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Elements Great Rift Valley, Madagascar, Mount Kilimanjaro

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Continent Africa

The Earth’s relief

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The Earth’s relief

MY PORTFOLIO Skill

I need to improve

I can…

I need a little help

I am doing well

Listening

When I listen, I can understand… ` The Continental Drift theory. ` The origin of the name of America. ` My teacher’s explanations. ` …

I can write texts and express myself about…

Writing

` The layers of the Earth. ` Earthquakes and tectonic plates. ` Description of a picture. ` The main forms of relief in Spain. ` …

I can read and understand texts about…

Reading

` The different layers of the Earth. ` Continental and coastal relief: mountains, valley, plateau, cape, bay and gulf. ` The relief in the different continents. ` The Spanish continental and coastal relief. ` …

Speaking

When I speak, I can… ` Use correct sentences in different tenses. ` Explain the consequences of the movement of tectonic plates. ` Compare Mediterranean and Atlantic beaches of Andalusia. ` …

When I have a conversation with my classmates, I can…

Conversation

` Correct my answers with the help of my classmates. ` Use comparative and superlative sentences. ` Express my opinion and preferences. ` Use the vocabulary of the unit (tectonic plate, earthquake, cape, mountain and so on).

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` …

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Teacher’sbook GEOGRAPHY & HISTORY 1 ESO

RÚBRICA PARA EVALUAR EL FINAL TASK: A VISUAL JOURNEY THROUGH THE EUROPEAN UNIT ALUMNO/A______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ INDICADOR Contenido

Originalidad

Uso del inglés

VideograGa/Interés

VideograGa/Calidad

4 EXCELENTE Cubre los temas en profundidad con detalles y ejemplos.

El conocimiento del contenido es excelente.

El producto demuestra gran originalidad. Las ideas son creaEvas e ingeniosas.

Se expresa con soltura sin cometer errores gramaEcales, de expresión y pronunciación.

UEliza diferentes ángulos de cámara y/o tomas. Incluye efectos de sonido. Los efectos visuales y sonoros del vídeo son variados y correctos.

La calidad del vídeo y del enfoque es excelente en todas sus partes, así como el sonido.

3 SATISFACTORIO Incluye conocimiento básico sobre los temas. El conocimiento del contenido es correcto.

El producto demuestra cierta originalidad. El trabajo demuestra el uso de nuevas ideas.

Se expresa correctamente sin cometer muchos errores gramaEcales, de expresión y pronunciación.

UEliza diferentes ángulos de cámara y/o tomas. Incluye efectos de sonido. Pero estos efectos presentan fallos formales.

La calidad del vídeo, del enfoque y del sonido es buena en la mayor parte del vídeo.

2 MEJORABLE Incluye información esencial sobre los temas, pero Eene uno o dos errores en los hechos.

Usa ideas de otras personas, no hay casi evidencia de ideas originales.

1 INSUFICIENTE El contenido es mínimo y Eene varios errores en los hechos.

Se expresa con dificultades, comeEendo algunos errores gramaEcales, de expresión y pronunciación.

Hay poca variedad en las tomas, ángulos y/o efectos de sonido.

Se expresa con mucha dificultad, comeEendo numerosos errores en lengua inglesa.

El vídeo no presenta variedad de efectos.

Usa ideas de otras personas y no hay aspectos originales.

Presenta algunos fallos que El vídeo no presenta calidad perjudican la calidad: en el suficiente. enfoque o en el sonido. Pero la calidad es suficiente.

OBSERVACIONES: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. audio scripts

Unidad 1. La lengua y los hablantes (I). Creación de un club de lectura Programación ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Unidad 2. La lengua y los hablantes (II). Dramatización de registros lingúísticos

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The Earth’s relief

AUDIO SCRIPTS 2 Track 06. Unit 2, activity 5. Listen and complete the text.

Millions of years ago, all of the continents that we know of were joined into just one: Pangaea.

However, the lithosphere broke up into a dozen layers which slipped onto the asthenosphere, moving further apart or closer together, until the continents as we know them today were formed.

This is a continuous movement. Europe and North America continue to move 2.5 centimetres apart every year, while India and Asia move between 4 and 6 centimetres closer together every year.

2 Track 07. Unit 2, activity 10. Listen and complete the text.

text.

Most of Spain’s territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula, in south-west Europe. It also includes the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, and Ceuta and Melilla on the coast of North Africa. It covers an area of 505,990 square kilometres. The peninsular boundaries are the Cantabrian Sea and the Pyrenees in the north, the Mediterranean Sea in the east, the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal in the west, and the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea in the south. The relief on the peninsula has an average height of 660 metres. This is partly because of a great plateau, called the Meseta, in the centre, formed by the erosion of ancient mountains.

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When Christopher Columbus reached the island of Guanahani in the Caribbean, he thought he had found the gateway to Asia. But he was wrong: the land he had discovered belonged to a continent that was unknown to Europeans. America is named after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespuccio, who was the first person to reach the conclusion that the land they had found wasn’t Asia but part of a new continent.

2 Track 07. Unit 2, activity 16. Listen and complete the

Teacher’sbook GEOGRAPHY & HISTORY 1 ESO

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5. atención a la diversidad - adaptación curricular - adaptación del exam

Unidad 1. La lengua y los hablantes (I). Creación de un club de lectura Programación ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Unidad 2. La lengua y los hablantes (II). Dramatización de registros lingúísticos

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The Earth’s relief

➊ THE STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH

Internal structure of the Earth

The Earth is made up of three layers:

Continental crust Oceanic crust Lithosphere (25-70 km) (6-12 km) (100 km)

z The crust is the outer and the thinnest layer. z The mantle is the middle and the thickest layer. z The core is the innermost layer of the Earth.

er mantle Upp

The crust is broken up into blocks called tectonic plates, which float and move on the asthenosphere, the upper mantle, formed by semi-molten materials. The collision and breaking up of the plates cause tremors and earthquakes.

670 km

5100 km

THE EARTH’S RELIEF

Geochemical model (chemical composition)

Constant changes occur on the Earth’s surface. These changes are the result of creative forces (internal forces) and destructive forces (external forces) affecting the Earth’s relief.

Volcanism (the action of volcanoes)

2900 km

Outer core Endosphere Inner core

6370 km

Dynamic model (dynamic behaviour)

DESTRUCTIVE FORCES THAT AFFECT RELIEF

CREATIVE FORCES THAT AFFECT RELIEF Forces Movement of the tectonic plates

300 km

Lower Mesosphere mantle

2900 km

➋ FORMATION AND DESTRUCTION OF

Asthenosp here

Effects It causes the breaking up (faults) or folding (folds) of the Earth’s surface materials It is is the result of the expulsion of magma from the mantle to the surface, produced by a crack in the Earth’s crust.

Forces

Effects Erosion: the wearing away and fragmentation of the Earth’s surface

Geological processes

Transport: the transfer of eroded material to lower areas.

Sedimentation: the deposition of the eroded material, which forms layers or strata.

Erosive agents

Temperature, water, ice, wind, plants, trees and human beings.

Activities a) Mantle

1. It is the outermost layer of the Earth.

b) Core

2. It is the deepest part of the Earth.

c) Asthenosphere

3. It is divided into the upper mantle and lower mantle.

d) Crust

4. The tectonic plates float on it.

2 Copy and complete this diagram about relief formation.

Relief formation Creative forces affecting relief Erosion

3 Complete these sentences with the following words: asthenosphere, erosive agents, sedimentation, tectonic plates, movement. a) The

are the blocks into which the crust is divided.

b) The tectonic plates float on

.

c) The

of the tectonic plates is responsible for the creation of different forms of relief.

d) The

is the deposition of the eroded material.

e) The

agents are temperature, water, ice, wind, plants, trees, and human beings.

Geography & History 1.º ESO

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1 Match each of these concepts with its definition.

Adaptación 2. The Earth’s relief

Coastal relief

Continental relief

➌ THE MAIN ELEMENTS OF RELIEF

Ridges

Plains are flat areas of low altitude. Plateaus are high plains.

Ranges Plateau

Mountains are grouped into ranges or ridges.

Basins, valleys, and depressions are areas of low relief.

Valley Plain Bay

It includes different relief forms: beaches, capes or outlets; gulfs or inlets.

Peninsulas are large areas of land surrounded by sea on all sides except for the isthmus, which joins it to the continent.

Continental shelf

Cape

An archipelago is a group of islands near one another.

Isthmus

Continental slope

Island Abyssal plain

Underwater ridge

Ocean trench

➍ THE RELIEF OF THE CONTINENTS ASIA

In the center of the continent there are great mountain ranges (the Himalayas) and high plateaus (Tibet). The Siberian plains and plateaus are in the north. The south and east of the continent are formed by plains (Great China Plain), peninsulas (Arabia, Indochina) and archipelagos (Japan, the Philippines).

AMERICA

There are extensive plains (North American Great Plains, Amazon Plain) in the centre of the continent. Mountainous ranges predominate in the west (Rockies, Andes). There are lower mountains and plateaus (Appalachians, Brazilian Plateau) in the east.

EUROPE

The highest mountains are in the south of the continent (the Alps, the Caucasus, the Pyrenees). In the centre and in the north lower mountains predominate (French Central Massif, the Scandinavian Mountains) and plains (Great Plain of Europe).

AFRICA

The Great Rift Valley is in the east. There are great mountain ranges in the north-west (Atlas) and south-east (Drakensberg Mountains) and plateaus and depressions in the centre (the Sahara plateau, the Chad basin).

OCEANIA

It is made up of some islands and archipelagos: Australia, New Guinea, and New Zealand.

Activities 4 Find six elements of relief in this word search. Then, match them with the definitions below. a) A kind of elongated depression.

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a) The Siberian plain is in northern Asia.

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b) Oceania is made up of some islands and archipelagos, such as Australia, New Zealand or New Guinea.

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Geography & History 1.º ESO

b) A line of mountains grouped together. c) A group of islands near one another. d) A strip of land connecting a peninsula to the continent. e) A flat area of low altitude. f) A high plain.

5 Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones:

c) The Great Rift Valley is located to the east of America. d) The Alps ant the Pyrenees are mountain ranges in north Europe. e) Tibet is an island located in Asia.

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Continents are large land masses separated by oceans. Earth is made up of six continents: Europe, Asia, America, Africa, Oceania, and Antarctica. The main relief elements of the continents are:

Adaptación 2. The Earth’s relief

➎ THE RELIEF OF EUROPE We can distinguish the following groups within the continental relief: z The Great European Plain stretches from the Ural

Mountains to the Pyrenees. z Massifs, plateaus and ancient mountains: the Ural

Mountains in Russia, the Scandinavian mountains in the Scandinavian peninsula, or the Vosges massif in France. z Young mountains in Southern Europe: the Alps, the

Pyrenees in Spain, the Apennine Mountains in Italy, or the Caucasus Mountains.

The European coastal relief presents a very extensive strip with an important variety of coastal landforms:

Peninsulas

Iberian, Jutland, Scandinavian.

Capes

Finisterre, San Mateo, San Vicente.

Gulfs

Vizcaya, Finland, Genoa.

Straits

Gibraltar, the English Channel.

Islands and archipelagos

British, Balearic, Icelandic.

Landscape of the Great European Plain in Ukraine.

➏ THE RELIEF OF SPAIN There are two archipelagos: Canary Islands and Balearic Islands. The Spanish coastline is rectilinear except in the north-west.

The relief of mainland Spain is structured around a large plateau known as the Central Meseta. The Central System and Toledo Mountains are inside the Meseta.

The Meseta is surrounded by the Galician-Leonese Massif, the Cantabrian Mountains, the Iberian System and the Sierra Morena. Other important relief forms outside the Meseta include the Basque Mountains, the Pyrenees, the Catalan-Coastal Range, the Baetic ranges, the Ebro basin, and the Guadalquivir basin.

THE RELIEF OF ANDALUSIA

Intrabaetic depression (Guadix-Baza).

Torre Cerredo (2,650 m), the highest altitude in Picos de Europa (Cantabrian Mountains).

Geography & History 1.º ESO

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The main elements of Andalusian relief are Sierra Morena, which separates Andalusia from the Meseta, the Baetic ranges, which occupy the east and south of Andalusia, and the Guadalquivir basin, in the centre of Andalusia.

Adaptación 2. The Earth’s relief

Activities 6 Classify the following elements of the European relief in the table below: Caucasus Mountains, Ural Mountains, the Great European Plain, Gibraltar Strait, British Isles, the Iberian Peninsula, Jutland Peninsula, The Scandinavian Mountains, Iceland, Gulf of Genoa, and the Alps.

Plains Massifs, plateaus and ancient mountains Young mountains in southern Europe Peninsulas Gulfs, capes and straits Islands and archipelagos

7 Find on the map included in the appendices of the book these elements of relief. Then, locate them correctly

8 Complete the following sentences with the correct element of Andalusia relief: a)

is in the centre of Andalusia.

b)

separates Andalusia from the Meseta.

c)

are in the east and south of Andalusia.

Geography & History 1.º ESO

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on the map: Pyrenees, Iberian System, Sierra Morena, Cantabrian Range, Galician Massif, Southern Sub-Plateau, Central System, Canary Islands, Bay of Biscay, Mulhacén.

Adaptación 2. The Earth’s relief

Answers 1 Match each of these concepts with its definition. a) 3.

c) 4.

b) 2.

d) 1.

Relief formation Creative forces affecting relief The movement of the tectonic plates

Creative forces of relief

Volcanism

Erosion

Transport

Sedimentation

2 Copy and complete this diagram about relief formation.

3 Complete these sentences with the following words: asthenosphere, erosive agents, sedimentation, tectonic plates, movement. a) The tectonic plates are the blocks into which the crust is divided. b) The tectonic plates float on the asthenosphere. c) The movement of the tectonic plates is responsible for the creation of different forms of relief. d) The sedimentation is the deposition of the eroded material. e) The erosive agents are temperature, water, ice, wind, plants, trees, and human beings.

4 Find six elements of relief in this word search. Then, match them with the definitions below. a) Valley: a kind of elongated depression. b) Range: a line of mountains grouped together.

d) Isthmus: a strip of land connecting a peninsula to the continent.

c) Archipelago: a group of islands near one another.

e) Plain: a flat area of low altitude.

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5 Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones: a) The Siberian plain is in northern Asia. True. b) Oceania is made up of some islands and archipelagos, such as Australia, New Zealand or New Guinea. True. c) The Great Rift Valley is located in the east of America. False. The Great Rift Valley is in the east of Africa. d) The Alps ant the Pyrenees are mountain ranges in north Europe. False. The Alps ant the Pyrenees are mountain ranges in south Europe. e) Tibet is an island located in Asia. False. Tibet is a plateau located in Asia.

Geography & History 1.º ESO

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f) Plateau: a high plain.

Adaptación 2. The Earth’s relief

6 Classify the following elements of the European relief in the table below: Caucasus Mountains, Ural Mountains, the Great European Plain, Gibraltar Strait, British Isles, the Iberian Peninsula, Jutland Peninsula, The Scandinavian Mountains, Iceland, Gulf of Genoa, and the Alps.

Plains

The Great European Plain The Scandinavian Mountains

Massifs, plateaus and ancient mountains

Ural Mountains The Alps

Young mountains in southern Europe

Caucasus Mountains Iberian Peninsula

Peninsulas

Jutland Peninsula Gibraltar Strait

Gulfs, capes and straits

Gulf of Genoa British Isles

Islands and archipelagos

Iceland

7 Find on the map included in the appendices of the book these elements of relief. Then, locate them correctly on the map: Pyrenees, Iberian System, Sierra Morena, Cantabrian Range, Galician Massif, Southern Sub-Plateau, Central System, Canary Islands, Bay of Biscay, Mulhacén.

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1. Pyrenees.

6. Southern Sub-Plateau.

2. Iberian System.

7. Central System.

3. Sierra Morena.

8. Canary Islands.

4. Cantabrian Range.

9. Bay of Biscay.

5. Galician Massif.

10. Mulhacén.

8 Complete the following sentences with the correct element of Andalusia relief: a) The Guadalquivir basin is in the centre of Andalusia. b) Sierra Morena separates Andalusia from the Meseta. c) The Baetic mountains are in the east and south of Andalusia Geography & History 1.º ESO

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