CHALLENGES THAT LEAVE AN IMPRINT

Apply

1 Write a brief definition of the concepts represented in the following images.

4 The religion that Muhammad preached is based on five religious precepts. Explain them with the help of the following phrases:

‘There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet’.

‘Observe prayer because prayer will prohibit evil and vice’.

‘Take alms from their wealth to purify them and to enrich their souls’.

‘Whoever fasts in the month of Ramadan with faith and hope in God’s reward, will have his sins forgiven’. “Whoever performs pilgrimage correctly will be as if they were reborn”.

5 Copy the following terms and concepts in your notebook and find relationships between them:

Abbasid Caliphate

2 Explain who these figures are and say what historical fact or facts they stand out for.

3 Put these events in chronological order, then place them on a simple timeline: a) the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks; b) the conquests of Justinian; c) the foundation of Constantinople; d) the Muslim conquest of Syria, Palestine and Egypt; e) the Third Council of Toledo; f) the coronation of Charlemagne.

Conquest of Crete and Sicily

6 Look at this picture, then explain the characteristics of Byzantine architecture.

Reflect And Assess

Reflect individually and share in a group the assessment of the activities involved. To do this, download the corresponding rubric at anayaeducacion.es

Test Your Skills

Carry out the competence self-assessment included at anayaeducacion.es

7 Identify and write in your notebook the names of the parts of the mosque indicated in the picture. A

C

IN THE PAST Islam

Basic information

Name: Rufaida al-Aslamia

Year of birth: 7th century

Occupation: nurse

I am from Medina, one of the holy places of the Muslim world. Our prophet Muhammad fled from Mecca to my city in 622 and I had the honour of meeting him and teaching some of the skills required for caring for the sick.

Now

Loujain Alhathloul

Basic information

Name: Loujain Alhathloul

Date of birth: July 31, 1989

Nationality: Saudi

Occupation: activist Rufaida al-Aslaima was a renowned woman in her time, but not all Muslim women have been so lucky and in some Arab countries, equal rights between women and men remains a utopia. The fight to end gender differences in Saudi Arabia is long and difficult. After two years of negotiations, in 2008, the Ministry of Social Affairs in this country recognised the existence of the first association in favour of the fight for women’s rights, Ansar al-Marah.

Ten years later, in the summer of 2018, women could legally get behind the wheel of their own vehicle.

My interest in medicine came to me from the cradle, since my father, Saad al-Aslamy, was a doctor and I always tried to learn from him and care for sick people. Although I do not do surgery, I have managed to be considered the first nurse in my community.

The time that I live in is changing; thanks to the words of the Prophet, now the Arabs are abandoning false polytheistic beliefs and faith in Allah is spreading around the world from the Arabian Peninsula. However, the spread of Islam does not always take place in a peaceful manner, and battles sometimes break out that cause deaths and injuries. I help by coordinating the work of the nurses and caring for Islamic soldiers in the field hospital. Sometimes we can only accompany them on their journey to the afterlife, but other times, thanks to medical experience and God’s help, we help them to recover. In periods of peace, my work is also important because there are many families who need medical and social assistance. In addition, I teach the basic notions of hygiene and nutrition to promote the health of all my neighbours.

Loujain was arrested for the first time in 2014 for driving from the United Arab Emirates to Saudi Arabia; a year later she ran for election, although her name did not appear on the ballot papers. In May 2018, she was taken back to prison for opposing the guardianship system; almost a year later, in March 2019, the first judicial hearing of this process took place, where the young woman reported having suffered sexual abuse, torture and

Questions

1 Locate Saudi Arabia on a map and point out its borders, find its capital and indicate where the city of Medina is.

2 Amnesty International is carrying out a campaign to collect signatures calling for the freedom of Loujain Alhathloul; imagine that you have to create a slogan, a poster or a campaign to support that goal. What would you do?

coercion during the interrogations to which she was subjected. Both she, like other companions of struggle, remain in prison. They are accused of promoting disorder and destabilising the Arab kingdom, but really their crime is to fight for a country in which men and women have the same rights. This situation is known in part because of Amnesty International’s efforts to get this young woman and other Saudi activists released.