W hat have I learned?

1 Write down in your notebook how internal and external causes modify the relief. Provide an example of each.

2 Draw a map of Spain and highlight the borders to the north, south, east and west.

3 Add the following landforms to the map you drew in the previous activity: Pyrenees, Iberian Cordillera, Cantabrian Mountains, Galician massif, mountains of León, Cape Finisterre, Cape Creus, Bay of Biscay, Meseta Central, Central Sierra, mountains of Toledo, Baetic Cordillera, Sierra Morena, Bay of Cádiz, Cape Gata, Catalan Coastal Range, Serra de la Tramuntana, Guadalquivir valley, Ebro valley.

4 List the four highest peaks in Spain in order from highest to lowest and identify the mountain range where each one is located.

5 Choose the correct response:

• The Meseta Central is split into two parts by: a) the Iberian Cordillera b) the Central Sierra c) the Sierra Morena

• Between the mountains of León and the Iberian Cordillera is: a) the Galician massif b) the mountains of Toledo c) the Cantabrian Mountains

• The mountain range that extends from the south of the interior of the Iberian Peninsula to the island of Majorca is: a) the Penibaetic range b) the Pyrenees c) the Catalan Coastal Range

• The valley between the Pyrenees and the Iberian Cordillera is: a) the Guadalquivir valley b) the Ebro valley

6 Match each coast with its main characteristics.

7 Compare the Canary and Balearic Islands. You can include information such as the number of islands (and their names), the sea or ocean in which they are located, characteristics of the relief, coasts, etc.

Cantabrian coast

Galician Atlantic coast

Andalusian Atlantic coast

Southern Mediterranean coast Eastern Mediterranean coast

High, rocky and jagged due to the rias

Straight, low and sandy

Straight, high, sheer, and rocky

Depending on the area, it can be low and sandy or high, jagged, steep and rocky

Straight, high and sheer, but with flat areas as well

8 For each category, determine which item doesn’t belong in Europe and specify its correct location.

• Peninsulas: Italic, Iberian, Ireland, Kola, Scandinavian and Balkan.

• Young mountains: Pyrenees, Apennines, Carpathians and Ural mountains.

• Massifs and older mountains: French Massif Central, Caucasus, and the Scandinavian Mountains.

• Islands: Great Britain, Jutland, Iceland, Malta and Sicily.

9 What do you believe is the most environmentally harmful way people act on the relief? Explain why. Then, discuss your view with the rest of the class.

Traffic lights: Next to each activity, colour in your notebook like this: if you knew the answer if you needed help or if you did not know the answer