Constitutions of the antient fraternity of Free and Acepted Masons

Explanaron of the FRONTISPIECE. HE architeótural part reprefents the infide of Free-masons’Hall. The uppermoft figure is Truth, holding a mirrour, which refleóls its rays on divers ornamente of the Hall, and alfo on the Globes and other Mafonic Furniture and Implements of the Lodge. ,t,RuTH is attended by the three Theological Virtues, Faith,

T

Hope, and Charity : underthefe, theGenius of Masónry, commifíioned by Truth and her Attendants, is defcending into the Hall, bearing a lighted Torch; íhe is decorated with fome of the Mafonic Emblems, and on her arm hangs a ribbon with a Medal pendant, with which íhe is to inveft the Grand Master, in token of the Divine

approbation of a Building facred tQ Charity and Bencvolcnce.

(o/t. ¿z £ X- <√∙ ~≤ <fec λ>z usos . oCe. C'.O> feo7c¿-¿^áoOOO<OZZO¿ ¿zS¿ -fe& lO

<7¿C

40^

fe O'O Oíc¿£ ¼ ¿¿:? C

■7 71

C ¿C os feoo^ \

(feθC'07Z⅞7 <fefe ^OL.7θfec<%yιjp Vfe

fefe⅛. -Á^G-TOc^

CONSTITUTIONS O F

ANTIENT

T H E

FRATERNITY O

F R E E

M

A N D

S

A

F

ACCEPTED

N

O

S :

CONTAI N I N G

Their H i s τ o r y, Charges, Regulations, &c.

FIRST COMPILED BY ORDER O F

T H E

L O D G E,

GRAND

From their oíd Records, and Traditions, B y JAMES

ANDERSON,

D. D.

A New Edition revifed, enlarged, and brought down to the year 1784, under the direílion of the Hall Committee,

By

john

L

O

noorthouck.

N

D

O

N:

Printed by J. R o z e a, Printer to the Society, No. 91, Wardour Strect, S o h o.

M DCC LXXXIV.

178⅛

T O

H I S

ROYAL

H I G H N E S S

FREDERIC,

HENRY

DUKE of CUMBERLAND and STRATHERN, EARL of DUBLIN,

KNIGHT of tile GARTER,

ADMIRAL of the WHITE, RANGER ofWINDSOR GREAT PARK;

AND

GRAND O F

MASTER THE

ANTIENT and HONOURABLE SOCIETY O F

FREE and ACCEPTED MASONS. ∣Mpressed with tlíe warmeft fenfe of the honour derived from

X the patronage of your Royal Highnefs, the fociety of Free and Acceρted Mafons intreat your favourable acceptance of the Hiftory and Conflitutions of the Order; republiíhed at the defire, and for the direótion, of a fraternity difperfed over almoft every part of the earth.

The

[

iv

]

The Committee intruñed with the fuperintendence of this work are well aflured, that in expreffing the moft unfeigned grátitude to their illuftrious Grand Mafter, they do but fulfil the de­ lires of their brethren at large; and they have prefumed thus to addrefs your Royal Highnefs, from a convi<flioiι that it was by a knowledge of this inftitution being calculated to form good men and good fubjeds, your Royal Highnefs was firft induced to take the fociety under your proteélion. Such being the laudable prin­ cipies of our Order, thefe íketches of the hiftory of mafons, however imperfeét, with a full fíate of thofe public regulations, by which their unión of brotherly love is in a great degree maintained; are with the utmoft propriety infcribed to their prefent rnuch honourcd Patrón, under whom they are proud to mark one of the moít ílouriíhing acras that ever diílinguifhed the antient fociety of Free Mafons in Great-Britain.

With the utmoft deference and refpeét,

We are, S I R, Your Royal Highnefs’s True and faithful brethren,

and moft humble fervants, Freemafons’-Hall, Ala) i. 1784.

The HALL COMMITTEE.

ABSTRACT O F

L

T H E

A

W

S

RELATING TO

The General FUND

ofCHARITY.

HE laws relating to the General Fund of Charity having been made at feveral different times, are of courfe difperfed in the Book of Conftitutions, and fome of them become obfolete; it was therefore thought expedient to feleéVfuch as are now in forcé, and as relate to the mode of petitioning, the authenticating of petitions, and the extent of relief to be granted to unfortunate brethren; as it may prevent improper perfons from applying, and thofe who are deferving objeóts from being diíappointed of relief through any informality of application.

T. Every Lodge is obliged to contribute annually, fuch a fum of money as may fuit its circumftances, and be reafonably expeóled, towards the general charity.

II. No petitioner can be relieved by the Committee, unlefs the petition exprefies bis ñame, and be figned by a majority of the members of the lodge to which he does or did belong, or by fome other contributing lodge, in open lodge

[

¡i

]

lodge aflembled, certifying, that they have known the petitioner to have been ¡n reputable, or at leaft tolerable circumftances; with fuch other obfervations as they may think proper to make.

III. No relief can be granted, unlefs fome brother wbo has figned the pefition be prefent to atteft the truth thereof, or at leaft that the fubfcriptions thereto are genuine (except as to country petitions) : but this to be without any prejudice to the petitioner’s renewing his application; the lodge recommending, and not the objeót, being in that cafe culpable.

IV. No perfon made a mafon in a prívate or clandeftine manner, for fmall or unworthy coníiderations, * can aét as a grand officer, or as an officer of a prívate lodge, or can he partake of the general charity.

V. A brother being intitled to and receiving relief from a particular lodge, is no objcétion to his being relieved out of the general charity.

VI. No perfon'fnade a mafon fubfequent to the 29th of Oélober, 1768, at which time the Regiftring Regulations took place, can be intitled either to receive charity from the grand lodge, or partake of any other privileges of the fociety, unlefs his ñame, &c. be regularly regiftered, and the fee paid.

VII. Every petitioncr for charity, initiated fince the 29th of Oétober, 1768, is to fct forth in his petition the lodge where, and time when he was made a mafon; in order that the grand fecretary may certify to the committee, whether the petitioner has been duly regiftered or not.

• Petre, G. M. Nov. 24, 1775, Rcfolved, That no perfon íhall in future be made a mafon, for a lcfs fum thau Two Guineas.

VIII. No

[

«i

]

VIII. No brother is to partake of the charity until he has been three years a mem. ber of a regular contributing lodge.

IX.

No petition for charity is to be prefented to the committee, unlefs it hath been left with the grand fecretary ten days at leañ before the meeting thereof.

X.

No petition is to be read, unlefs the petitioner attends the Committee in perfon, except in cafe of ficknefs, Iamenefs, imprifonment, or reíidence in the country.

XI. No brother who has been once relieved, can petition a fecond time, without fome new allegation well attefted.

XII. The Committee have power to diípofe of any fum not exceeding Five Pounds towards the relief of any diftreíied brothers whom they may think a proper objeét.

XIII.

If the cafe of any diftreffed petitioning brother, appears to merit more than Five Pounds, the committee are to recommend and refer the fame to the next Quarterly Communication.

XIV.

It being the intention of the fociety to render the charity as exteníive as pofíible, foreign brethren may, after proper examination, be immediately relieved at the difcretion of the Committee.

XIV. All

[

iv

]

XV. All othcr petitions, complaints, and informations rcípe&ing the íbciety, are firft to be brought before and examined by the Committee of Charity; who are to report their opinión thereon to the enfuing Quarterly Communication.

XVI. An extraordinary Committee of Charity is to be held annually in the laft vveek in July, or firft week in Auguft ; with power to give to any petitioner recommended agrceably to the laws of the fociety, any fum as a temporary relief, not exceeding Five Pounds: But fuch Committee are not to enter into any other bufincfs.

To prevent Miftakes in the Recommendations of Petitioners, the following

Form is propofed, but may be varied as circumftances require.

w

E the andeιfignedj being theMajority of the Members of the held at

in open Lodge ajfembled, this

Day of

1y

do hereby certify, That the within Petitioner hath been a contributing Member of a Lodge for the fpace of three Tears; and that ive have known him in refutable*

circumβances: And do recommend him to the Committee of Charity /or

Reliefi knou'ing f the Allegations fet forth in his Petition to be true. * Or, tolerablei as the cafe is.

+ Or, beΓιcruing, as may be.

SANCTION. τ T T He r e AS on the 25th of November 17 2 3, the Grand Lodge refolved,“ Tha t * ’

no alterations íhall be made in their printed Book of Conftitutions,

without leave of the Grand Lodge: ” And whereas in the years 1738, 1756, and 1767, new editions of the Book

of Conftitutions were printed, under the infpe<ftion of committees appointed

by the Grand Lodge; which are now become very imperfeót, by the many

Iaws made, and proceedings that have taken place in the Society, íince the dates of their refpeólive publications; and which will, if they continué tobe

confulted and ufed as authorities, not only fail in affording full information, but frequently furnifh what is erroneous:

And whereas a new Book of Conftitutions being indifpeníably neceflary, the Grand Lodge, on the 20th of November 1782, ordered their Conftitutions to be reviíed, and a new edition to be prepared, under the infpeólion of the Hall

Committee, which has accordingly beenexecuted and accommodated to the pre-

fent ftate of the Society: We the aóting Grand Mafter, Deputy Grand Mafter, Grand Wardens, and

other members compoíing the Hall Committee, do hereby recommend this prefent edition as the only Book of Mafonic Conftitutions for Free and Accepted

b

Mafons;

[

vi

]

Mafons; difallowing all other publications that have not the fanclion of the Grand Lodge: and do warn all the Brethren againft being concerned in writing, print-

ing, or publifhing, any other book concerning Mafons, or Mafonry; and againft ufing any fuch book in their refpeóiive prívate lodges, as they íhall be anfwerable to the Grand Lodge.

Effingham, Adling Grand Mafter.

Rowland Holt, Deputy Grand Mafler.

James Heseltine, i WlLLIAM WhITE, J

Washington Shirley, _ τττ ~ Geo. Wm.Carrington,

J

J

> GrandWard

P R E F A C E. HE prefent editor efteems it a duty incumbent on him to advertife his

T

brethren of the general alterations the following work has undergone

with a view to improvement.

The fidelity he owed to his truft has been inviolably obferved, by adhering carefully to every effential circumftance recorded; and in fome inftances the

faéls havebeen materially amplified.

In the early ftages of the hiftory, where

feveral ílupendous works of antient mafons are cited, they were glanced at too flightly, confídering their importance; in fuch cafes therefore the opportunity

was taken, of fupplying defcriptive particulars from authentic hiftorians and

travellers, to give mafonic readers fome idea of what their brethren were able to

accomplifh in times beyond the reach of letters.

It was with peculiar fatisfac-

üon, in treating of mafonry in Scotland, that a recent difcovcry in the Highlands

of that country, enabled him to introduce an account of ereétions of a very finguiar nature and of unknown date ; in which walls appear to have been raifed

by fire inftead of water 1 A novelty, if the difcovery of loft ufages may be fo termed, which it is preíumed will be accepted as a valuable addition to thefe

mafonic colleétions.

Like opportunities have been taken of occafionally adding

other neceflary illufirations where points of hifiory were fo dryly fiated, or

fo loofely mentioned, as to be unfatisfaéfory or obfcure : for however previoufly well informed any reader may be, a work profeíling information, ought not

to be left defe&ive to fome, in compliment to the fuppofed knowledge of b 2

others.

P

viii others.

R

E

F

A

C

E.

Evcry one nmft be duly fenfible of the unavoidable imperfeólions

that v. ¡11 remain, even after all the pains that can be taken to colleél fcattcred n_ tices, concerning matters of high antiquity.

Should it be objeóted, that operative mafonry occupies too large a íhare of the formar part of this work, while it is totally dropped in the latter; it is

to be replied, that the direét objcct throughout the whole, is fpeculativc mafon­

ry, of which the praétical art is only confidered as the fubilratum.

The hif-

tory of operative mafonry is therefore meerly introduéhory to that of free-ma-

fonry ; but claims the greater regard, as the firft elcments of the latter are borrowed from it.

So long then as the two profeííions remained united in the fame

perfons, and until the records of the latter become diftinguiíhed; íhone and

mortar appear the moft confpicuous objeéis in the fore ground of the piéture.

But when fpeculative mafons became a feparate correlative body of men, we

then have no farthcr concern with praélical mafonry, than the reference that

free-mafonry has to the art on which it is founded.

Our peculiar infh'tutions,

it is well known, are never committed to writing, being exclufively referved for

true profcflors according to their diligence and merit: the remainder of the vo­

lunte is therefore employed folely in recording our general tranfaéiions and re~

gulations, as a public body.

As to any thing beyond thefe, if a fimile may be

indulged, it will be fuíTicient to hint, that upon the arts of building and archi-

teñure, the order of free and áccepted mafonry, rifes, like a ñiir ftupendous pyramid, from a broad fquare baíis; tending regularly up to a fummit of at-

tainmcnts, ever concealed by intervening clouds from the promifcuous multitude of common obfervcrs below 1

Having curforily intimated in what refpeéls the work has been extended, it remains to account for its not being proportionably increafed in fize.

This

was guardcd againft by an enlargemcnt of the page, by a greater attention to

method than had been hitherto obfcrved, and by cancelling fome very unintereñing regal genealogical tables, from the coníideration that our objeóh was

mafonical,

p

R

E

F

A

C

E.

rx

mafonical, not political hiíhory: whatever therefore is fóreign to the fubje<T, ought not to be expedled in this work, but be fought for in proper hiftorians.

Room was alfo gained in the latter part of the hiftory, by curtailing.the details of members and ílewards prefent at the ftated meetings of the fraternity; and by

omitting the conftant repetition. of the mecr formal bufinefs tranfafted in thofe

conventions.

Thefe are properly retained in the minutes taken by the grand

fecretary, but are of no ufe beyond fuch manufeript records ; not being fuitable objeóis for the general hiftory of the fociety.

Chronological tables of grand

officers and ílewards are given at the end of the volunte; where all thofe who

acled together at the fame time, are brouglit under the cye at one view, the only form in which they can be referrcd to, for any fatisfa‰ry purpofe.

The reader is affifted with running head titles to the pagos, and marginal dates, throughout; and a full índex is added, without which no publication beyond the fize of a pamphlet, can be deemed compleat. The labour of turning over a book for particular pafiages, dcílitute of fuch a guide, mufl have been

too often experienccd to render it neceflary to infiíl on the utility of a table of

reference to all the fubjeéts containcd in the tvork.

Writers on mafonry by the overwarmth of their zeal are fometirnes betrayed

into the ufe of hyperbolical epithets, and fuperfluous efFufions of panegyric, on particular occafions, that to readers who are not of the fraternity, appear extra-

vagant, and of courfe counteradt their intention.

If our inftitution be of a lau­

dable nature, there is the lefs occaíion to arrógate the reward of praife to our-

felves; for fo long as a tree is known by its fruir, the world will do us juílice.

Mafonry, whether operative or fpeculative, neither requircs, ñor can receive, better difplay, than by a plain modeft reprefentation of real fatfts: the forraer as conftru&ing buildings in which are united wifdom3 ftrength, and beauty ; and

the latter by its cogent moral and benevolent influence on the hearts of its fincere profeflors. So that one article of the prefent editor’s care has been, wherever he

met

p

R

E

F

A

C

E.

jnet with any tumid exprefíions, to reduce the Ianguage nearer to the unafFected flile of limpie narration.

* To conclude; the pleafure received by the editor in the execution of his taík,

can only be increafed by bis labours proving acceptable and ufeft.il to his bre-

thren ; and by havingeandid allowances made for his deficiencies. His warmeft and fincereft wiíhes accompany the volume wherever it goes, for the profperky

of the order; and of every individual member of it, in proportion as he aóls up to the genuino fpirit and dignity of his profeflion, and intitles himfelf to the em-

phatic appcllation of----- a Masón.

Bernard’s Inn, London.

May i. 1784.

J. N.

CONTE P A

R

T

N

T

S.

I.

TTISTORY of Mafonry from the Creation, till true oíd Architcóhire, demoliílicd by

-*• the Goths, was revived in Italy.

Chap. I. II. III. IV.

V. VL

Introduílory obfervations ; andflate of mafonry from the creation to the flood State of mafonry from the flood, to the building of Solomon’s temple — State of mafonry from the foundation of Solomon s temple, to its confecration — State of mafonry from the confecration to the deflruílion of Solomon s temple, and captivity of the fews —— —, —• — State of mafonry from grand mafler Cyrus, to grand mafler Seleucus Nicanor State of mafonry from grand mafler Seleucus Nicanor to the death of Herod the

Pagc 1

9 20

29 37 46

VIL

State of mafonry from the birth of Chri/l and death of Hero.d the Great, to the deflrudtion of the Weflern empire, and introdufítion of Gothic Jlile in architeílure — — — — VIII. The revival of oíd architeílure, or the Augu/lan /lile — —

P

A

R

T

62 69

II.

Hiftory of Mafonry in Britain, from the Invafion of Jjalius Cafar, to the Acceffion of

James I. to the Crown of England.

From the time of Julius Cafar, to the Invitation of the Saxons into Britain From the arrival of the Saxons, to William the Conqueren — — State of mafonry in England, from William the Conqueror to King Henry IV. State of mafonry in England from Henry IV. to the royal houfe ofTuclor — State of mafonry in England, from King Henry VII. z/ZZ the unión of the Britifh V. crowns — — — — — State of mafonry in Scotland, till the unión of the Britijh crovens — VI. VII. State of mafonry in Ircland, till grand moflcr Kingjlon, A. D. 1730 —

Chap. I.

II. III. IV.

7?

89 96 106

116

122 I30

P ART

CONTENTS.

Xii

P

A

R

T

III.

Hiftory oí Mafonry in Britain, from the Unión of the Two Crowns, to the Revíval of

the Grand Lodge in 1717.

State t>f the Auguftan filie in Britain, from the accefiion offames I. in 1603, to the memorable fire of London in 1666 — — IΓ State of mafonry from the fire ofLondon, to the completion of St. Paul's cathedral III. State of mafonry from the rejloration of St. Paul's cathedral, to the revolution in 1689 — — — IV. State of mafonryfrom the revolution, to the death of ffueen Anne —

Cbap. I.

P

A

R

T

Page 135

172 x93

IV.

Succcffion of Grand Maflers, and Proceedings of the Society, from the Revival

of the Grand Lodge, to the Clofe of the Year 1783

P

A

R

T

—

205

V.

Containingξthe antient Charges, general Regulations of the Fraternity,neceiΓaryTables,8cc.

Antient Charges, collcRed from oíd records — General Regulations cfiabli/hed at fundry times by the Grand Lodge Tables of grand ojficers, ficwards, andfubfcribers to the Hall loan The Mofonic Mufe ■

— ------—— ∣ ∣.

■ .■ ...

351 33φ 401

C O N S T I TUT IONS OF THE FRATERNITY

O F

Free and Accepted A

P

T

R

M A S O N S. I.

t

ITιβory of Mafonry from the Creationi till true Oíd Architeflure demoliβιed by the Goths, veas revived in Italy.

C H A P.

I.

Introductor} Olfe>'vations; and. State of Mafonry from the Creation to the Flood.

HEN we contémplate the wonders of the uníverfe, in a philofophical point of view; we perceive the celeftial bodies, the earth we inhabit, ourfelves, with all other animáis and natural produótions, to be conftru<5⅛ed and governed in their various operations by general laws; wife and unerring in their tendency, to the' harmony and fupport -of the whole fyñem !

W

“ AJI nature, is but art unknown to thee ; “ AJI chance, direélion which thou canil not fee; “ AJI difcord, harmony not underítood; “ All partial evil, univerfal good * !”

It has been by the attcntive íludy of thefe laws, fo far as they are 4ifcoverable by finite abilities, that human induftry has been enabled ⅜ Pope.

B

to

2

INTRODUCTORY OBSER V ATIONS. to deduce thofe principies, which digefted and clafied undcr difΓerent fciences, or diftinóf departments of knowledge, furniíh the elemcnts of all learning and mechanieal arts.

Great as our prefent ftock of knowledgejmay be, it accumulated by very flow progrefíions; for what are termed profane hiftories, com­ menee cverywhere in obfeuritv and barbarifm. The inftindive impulfes of felf-prefervation and accommodation, were undoubtedly the firft that aduated the rude natives of every chínate; and of thefe, the providing habitations to íhelter themfelves from the inclcmencies of the feafons, muft have been the earlieft. The feveral fruits of the earth fucceeding each other through the courfe of the year, offered a regular fupply for daily fubfiftence; but protedion againft the chilly darknefs of the night, and the vicifíitudes of weather, required mental contrivance and bodily labour: the art of building muft therefore have been the firft that called for an exertion of the human faculties. The art firft exercifcd, would be the firft improved. The next tree might fereen a.man from the fcorching rays of the meridian fun, or from the fudden fury of a ftorm; but a hut fenced round with the boughs of trees, and covered with grafs or reeds, would afford a more commodious íhelter: yet even this would be thought deficient, upon comparifon with a warm cavern under a hill. Caverns, however, are not everywhere to be met with, and would be frequently inconvenient in .formation, fituation, or entrance. Detached mafles and beds of ftone offered materials to imitate fuch warm fubterranean retreats upon level ground; and as thefe would be found and applied long before the compofition and baking of bricks could have occurred to the human invention, we are juftified, without indulging any farther conjedures, in the high antiquity aferibed to the pradice of mafonry; however rude it muft have been in the firft effays. It fcarcely necd to be intimated that operative mafonry folely, is the objed now in view; for the fcientifical and moral refinements that grew from the profeflion, and are now implied under the term free mafonry, could not have taken root, unt i 1

INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS.

5

until the art and the artiíls, as well as the inílitutions of civil fociety, had attained fome degree of maturity.

The earlieíl hi∩ory extant, as well as that of the molí cílabliíhed authority, being recorded in the Holy Scriptures, we íball trace the hiílory of mafonry from that high fource until it brings us down to other hiílories, at seras when they become intitled to our confidence. But if, in any parts of this work, faóls and circumílances fhould be occaíionally afferted, for which no hiílorical vouchers are to be produced, it is hoped thofe readers who are not mafons, will candidly accépt the following apology.—Antient traditions have often afforded occafional aíliílance to hiílory, by ílepping in to fupply the want of exiñing monuments and records: andeven at this time, in remote country places, where letters are little if at all known, common tradition hands down paft events with an artlefs fincerity fometimes wanting where fuch advantages are liable to be perverted fbr indireél purpoíes. But mafonic traditions íland upon much firmer ground; the chief bond of connection araong mafons in all ages, having been^drb’ty. It is well known, that in former times, while learning remained in few hands, the antients had feveral inílitutions for the cultivationof knowlcdge, concealed under doclrinal and ritual myíteries, that were facredly with-hcld from all who were not initiated into a participation of the privileges they led to; that they might not be proílituted to the vulgar *. Among thefe inílitutions may be ranked that of Mafonry; and its valué may be inferred from its furviving thofe revolutions of government, religión, and manners, that have fwallowed up the red ! It was by the aid of memo­ ráis carefully tranfmitted down through fo truíly a channel, that this work was originally compiled: and the traditions of fo venerable an inílitution, claim an attention far fuperior to the loofe oral rclatlons or epic fongs, of any uncultivated people whatever. ⅛ See an ampie account of thefe myíteries, in Bi∕hoj Wαrlurtt>n' s Divine Legation ojf Mojes,

B 2

That

4

INTRODUCTORY OB S ER V ATIO N S. That a focicty formed on leges non fcri-pta íhould not be able tσ produce very antient records, is perfeélly coníiftent: whatcver oíd wrrtings the brethren might poífefs in different places, the revolutions of time, and accidents of various kinds, continually diminifh. Dr. Anderfon, however, who prepared the firft printed book of Conftitutions, is highly commended by Dr. Defaguliers, in his dedication of that work to the Duke of Montague, for his pains and accuracy in compiling the book from oíd records: and his ufe of ftich materials is mentioncd by the author himfelf, in the prefatory advertifement to the fecond edition. What lofíes the fociety fuftained in the year 1720, when the ignorant zeal of fome rafh brethren induced them to burn their manufcripts, from a diflike probably of having their conftitutions printed,. cannot now be eftimated; but we may congratúlate ourfelves that fuch a Gothic principie was not general enough to fruftrate the undertaking.

Thus much being offered in behalf of the hiflorical ufe made of mafonic authorities, it remains only to account for the hiftory of mafonry beginning with the Mofaic hiftory of mankind. It has already bcen noted, that the art of building was the firft that mankind had occafion for: and the mafonic charatfter being formed on thofe prin­ cipies that dignify human nature, may of courfe be traced beyond the known exiftence of any excluíive fociety under the diftinólion of mafons. In this view, though the order may not be traced higher than the building of Solomon’s temple, the pra&ice of the mafonic art, and the principies on which this order is founded, are coeval with man.

Whoever, therefore, from the earlieft ages is recorded as exercifing or promoting mafonic operations, and aóling conformable to the rules of the order, may juftly be claimed and enrolled as members of the fraternity.

Thefc neceflary confidcrations being premifed, we may procecd to relate, that the Almighty architeóf of the univerfe having prepared this

INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS. this globe3 and repleniíhed it with all its animal, vegetable and mine­ ral furniture, as a habitation fit to receive the clafs of rational beings his wifdom determined to place in it *; he created man in his own image, and endued him with a capacity of mind, and powers of body, for acquiring thofe fciences, and exerciíing thofe arts, that are fo fuccefsfully cultivated by every civilized nation. How Adam forfeited the fíate of felicity in which he was originally placed, is not our peculiar province to inquire, farther than we are informed by the inípired penman : it is fufficient to remark, that he incurred baniíhment from the garden of Edén, by too eager a defire for knowledge, which he ventured to anticípate the pofleffion of, by a prohibited aít. Henee he entailed upon himfelf and all his finful poñerity, the fevere puniíhment of earning their bread by the fweat of their brow; and of having a lifc of labour clofed by the extinción of their vital powers in death 1 Man being, as we have feen, deñined to labour, poffefies a fund of induftry, and a happy facility in inventing arts and fciences, whether mechanical or liberal; all of which have a tendeney to the benefit of focial intercourfe. Therefore we need not queftion but that the allwife God, by implanting thefe propenfities in our nature, intended that we íhould not only Uve happily as individuáis, but be mutually afíiftant -to each other for the good of human fociety; which, in the * The firft Chriftians computed their times as the natrons did among whom they Iived, till A. D. 516, when Dionyfius Exiguus, a Román abbot, taughtthem to com­ pute from the birth of Chrift : but he loft four years, by fixing the Chriftian aera four years later than the truth. Therefore though according to the Hebrew chronology, and other good authorities, Jefas Chrift was born in the year of the world 4000; yet if we add to thofe years, the prefent year of our Llord, or A. D. 1783, the fum, 5783, will not be the true anno mundi-> or year of Mafonry, without the farther addition of thefe four loft years. But this being a degree of accuracy, that mafons in general do not attend to, we muft, after this intimation, ftill Jollow the vulgar mude of computation, to be intelligible.

Scripture

6

PATRIARCHÁL

HΓSTORY

Scrípturc phrafe, is to be all- ofl one mindi having compasión one for einother, and to loiυe as brethreh.

- \ '■ '• ' 4 See him from nature rifing ílow to art! ‘ To copyinftinñ then, was reafon’s part. ‘ ThüS thcn to man, the voice of nature fpake— “ Go, from the creatures thy inftruñions take : “ Learn from the birds, what food the thickets yíeid ¡ “ Learn from the beafts, the phyíic of the field ; “ Thy arts of building, from the bee receive ; “ Learn of the mole to plow, the worm to weave ■, “ Learn of the little nautilus to fail, “ Spread the thin oar, and catch the driving gale : “ Here too, all forms of l’ocial unión find, “ And henee let reafon, late, inftruel mankind

'■

We may be well aíTured that Adam inftruδled bis defeendants in all the knowledge he himfelf pofícficd; which, when we confidcr his immediaté communications with his Maker, and the extraordinary perceptions he purchafed at fo dear a price, contrary to exprefs command, muft have been far greater than that of an ordinary man born amid the wild icones of nature, with no farther opportunities of information than the mere fupply of immediate wants afforded.

Aecordingly we find cultivation foon attended to in Adam’s family; for, of his two fons, Abel was a keeper of íheep, and Caín a tiller of A. M. the earth. After their feparatíon, upon the murder of Abel, Cain, with C* 3875' his family, being expelled from Adam’s altars, built a city, and called it Dedícate or Confecrate, after the ñame of his eldeft fon Enoch; whofe race following this example, improved themfelves not only in geometry and mafonry, but made difeoveries of other curious arts ∙f∙. Thus Jabal, the eldeft fon of Lamech, firft invented the ufe of tents, as moveable dwellings adapted to grazing; and taught the art of managing herds of cattle, which heretofore had been difperfed wild through the ⅛ Pope.

t Sce Gen. iv. 19—23«

land;

O F

MASONRY.

7

land: ∫ubal, his third fon, was the inventor of muñe, and mufical inftruments; and Tubal Caín, his youngeft fon, found out the art of forging and working metáis.

The defeendants of Seth, the third fon of Adam, carne nothing behind thofe of Caín, in the cultivation of ufeful arts: this patriarch of the other half of mankind, mufthave greatly profited under the continual tuition of Adam, with whom he lived till the year of the world 930, and fncceeded him then with the aftiftance of Enofh, Kainan, Mahalaleel, Jared, and Enoch *. The latter, as a monument of his fuperior abilities and love to pofterity, forefeeing the univerfal defolation which would foon happen by water or fire, and deprive mankind of thofe arts and fciences already improved, raifed two large pillars, one of brick, the other of ftone, and inferibed thereon an abridgment of the arts and fciences ; that if the pillar of brick happened to be overthrown by the flood, the other of ftone might remain; which Jofephus ∙f tells us was to be feen, in his time, in the land of Siriad, by the ñame of Seth’s or Enoch’s pillar.

It is more than probable that about this time aftronomy began to be ftudied; for, as there is nothing more furprifing than the regularity of the heavenly Iuminaries, it is eafy to judge that one of the ftrft objcóls of attention for mankind, would be to coníider their courfes, and to obferve their periods. It could not be curiofity only that prompted men to apply themfelves to aftronomical fpeculations; neceftity itfelf muft have diófated them. For if the feafons are not obferved, which are diftinguiíhed by the planetary motions, it is impoffible to fucceed in agriculture. If the duration of the month and year were not determined, a certain order could not be eñabliíhed in civil affairs; ñor could the days allotted to the exercife of religión be fixed. Thus, as neither agriculture, polity, ñor religión could difpenfe with the want of aftronomy; it is evident that mankind were obliged to apply themfelves to the fciences from the beginning of the world. * See Gen. v. 6—2^.

f Jof. Anti<p lib, i, c. 2.

The

PATRIA⅛dMAt

HISTÓRY

The póftcrity of Seth, who had for mány ages retaíned theír integrity in the true worfhip of Gody and a clofe ápplicátion to fciences, were at laft infeíted with the fame contagión of profanenefs and imthe earth: this depravity at laíl ended in theír deflrudlion and extirpationby the deluge, in which all the human race perifhed, except Noah and his family *. Here was a difmal face of things ∙, iπ∩ead of the earth, adorned with the produtftions of «ature, and the improvements of art, a watery defart appeared, which offered nothing to the view of Heaven, but the floatíng wrecks of man and his fellow-creaturcs, fwept away in one common deftruólion! This was the moft dreadful and amazing judgment, the moft horrid and portcntous cataftrophe that «ature cver yet faw ∙f. * Sce Gen- vi, n, 12, 13.

f Gen. vii. 18,

3 Jl

C H A p.

4

f

O F

MASONRY.

C H A P.

9

II.

State of Mafinry from the Flood to the Building of Solomorfs “Temple.

to this awful defolation, God commanded Noah to build a great ark or floating caftle, wherein his family, with an afibrtment of every φecies of animáis rnight be preferved to repleniíh the earth, when the intended judgment was compleated; and the aíiiílance of his tbree fons in this great undertaking may be conceived as in the capacity of a deputy and two wardens. Geométrica! principies, and architeétural proportions, being common to ail buildings, compofed of whatever materials, and calculated for whatever purpofes, it cannot be conftrucd into an unwarrantable liberty, to coníider nαrυαl archite&ure as clofely allied to the mafonic art: and in this particular and moft extraordinary inftance, the great Architeól of nature is reprefented as condefcending to díctate the plan, and to affign the proportion of its parts. On board of this ñupendous vefiel, Noah, with his three fons, their four wives, and the proper number of animáis necefláry for continuing the feveral ípecics, were preferved from the irrefiftible torrents j⅞ jvi. that overwhelmed ail the reft of animated nature; the marine tribes g6∣6ς, excepted, which, during the flood, remained in their proper element ∙f. 2348.

From thefe mafons, or four grand officers, thus miraculouíly preferved, the whole prefent race of mank.ind are defcended. reparatory

P

* See Gen. vi. 14, &c. + What then, it has been aíked, became of all the freíh water fiíh ? The moft obvious reply to this difficulty is, that if the water defcending from the clouds mixed withthat of the fea, it muft by the unión, have made the whole as much too freíh for the one clafs, as too falt for the other. But though the bulk of each might have been thus deftroyed, enough might furvive for the purpofe of renovation. It is left to more philofophical brethren to determine how far the different gravities of freíh and.falt water, might tend to keep fuch immenfe bodies of each, in any degree apart.

c

This

IO

PATRIARCHAL

HISTORY

This chofcn family brought with them over the flood, and afterward communicated to their children, all the knowledge pofiefied by the oíd world. The firíb thing Noah did upon his landing, was to build an altar *, and offer a burnt facrifice of every clean beaft and fowl. God having accepted the facrifice, blefíed Noah, and gave him power over all living creatures, with a permiffion to eat them as freely as of the produce of the ground: he forbade him, however, to eat the blood of animáis, or to fhed the blood of man; commanding him to puniíh manflaughtcr with death, and to replenifh the earth with inhabitants.

Being all of one language and fpeech, it carne to pafs, as they journeyedfrom the eafi tomard the ∙weβ~∖y they found a plain in the land of Shinar, and dwelt there together, as Noachidse, or fons of Noah, the Year of the flood firi⅛ ñame of mafons. And when Noah ordered his fons, and grandιoι.Bef. fons, in the year 101, in which Peleg was born to Heber, to difperfc c. 2247∙ and take pofieflfion of the feveral parts of the earth, according to the partition he had made ; they through fear of the bad confequence of feparation, and refolving to keep together, affembled in great numbers on the plains of Shinar to build a city and a tower, whofe fummit might reach up to heaven 1 This extravagant idea was conceived in an age by far too remote and obfeure for us to pofiefs any authentic particulars concerning it; but befide the account we have of this tower from Mofes, the enormous pyramids of Egypt, which are probably not far íhort of it in antiquity, are to this day ílanding monuments of the grand defigns mankind were then capable of forming. The in­ controvertible cvidence of thefe pyramids encourages us to repeat the loofe notices which have been handed down to us relating to the tower of Babel.—The foundation is reported to have been a fquare of half a mile in compafs; and the building to have confiñed of eight fquare towers, riíing in ∩ages above each other, with an afeending paffage on -the outfide, all the way up to an obfervatory on the top, which was ⅛ Gen. viij. 20, 21.

f Sce Gen. xi. i, &c.

J Gen. xi. 4, &c.

ÓOO

O F

MASONRY.

rτ

600 feet from the ground. In the grand tower were apartments with arched roofs, fupported by pilíars 75 feet high, intended for a temple, in which the idolatrous woríhip of the god Bejus was performed. ' As this was to make themfelves a ñame, and prevent their difperfion, God for their vanity confounding their fpeech *, occafloned what they endeavoured to avoid. Henee this tower was called Babel, or confufion.

By the benefit of the obfervatory on the top of the tower it was, that the Babylonians advanced their íkill in aftronomy beyond all other nations; for when Alexander took Babylon ∙f∙, Califthenes the phiioíopher, who accompanied him thither, found they had aflronomieal obfervations for 1903 years backward from that time; which carry up the account as high as the 115th year after the flood, and fifteen after the bui’ding of the tower of Babel. All which íhews that, after the difperíion, they ∩ill preferved the knowledge of mafonry, and improved it to a great degree of perfeélion.

Nimrod ⅜, or Belus the fon of Cufh, the eldeft fon of Ham, kept pofíeffion of the plain, and founded this firft great empire at Babylon.

He built many fp!endid citiesin Shinar; and under him flouriíhed thofe learned mathematicians whofe fuccefíbrs were ftyled Magi, or naife men, by way of eminence for their íuperior knowledge. The migration from Shinar commenced 53 years after they began to build the tower, or 154 years after the flood: and they went off at various times, travelling north, fouth, eaft, and weft, with their mafonical íkill, and found the good ufe of it in fettling their colonies. From Shinar the fcience and the art were carried to the diñant parts of the earth, notwithftanding the confufion of dialeéis, by the mafonic praciice of converfing without fpeaking, and of knowing each other by íigns and tokens; which expedient, according to an oíd tradition, they * Gen. xi. 7, 8, 9. + Year ef the flood 2017, before Chrift 331. Í i. c. rebel, a ñame giren to Belus by the Ifraelites, by way of inveñive. | i. e. lerd.

C 2

contrived

12

PATRIARCHAL

HISTORY

contrived upon the difperfion, in cafe any of them fhould meet ¡n diftant parís, who had been before in Shinar.

Thus the earth was again planted and replenifhed with mafons, whofe various improvements we íliall proceed to trace.

Yrofthe Mizraim, or Menes, the fecond fon of Ham, carricd to, and prei,1f 1Q* ferved *n Egypt, or dιe land °f Mizraim, their original íkill, and much 2188. ' cultivated the art: for ancient hii⅛ory * celebrates the early fine tañe of the Egyptians, their many magnificent edifices, and great cities, as Memphis, Heliopolis, Thebes, with an hundred gates, &c. befide their palaces, catacombs -j-, obeliíks and i⅛atues, particularly the coloflal ñatue of fphinx, whofe head was 120 feet round; and their famous pyramids, the largeft of which was reckoned the fir∩ of the feven wonders of art, after the general migration. Thefe pyramids are ñanding evidences of the extraordinary works of mafons in ages too remote to be afcertained: and indeed their form and folidity, as beginning from a broad fquare bafe, tapering as they rofe, υp to a narrow apex, and with few interior cavities, were the bcft fecurity that could be conceived for durability. They are defcribed by various writers arid travellers; and the following particulars refpeéfing them will certainly prove interefting to a mafonic reader.

The principal pyramids are fituated on the weflern bank of the Nile, in the neighbourhood of the ancient city of Memphis ; and of thefe, there are four which claim particular notice. They íland in a diagonal line, about 400 paces difiant from each other; and their lides correfpond exaéfly with the four cardinal points of the compafs. They are founded on a rock which is covered with fand; and among the vari­ ous meafurements given of the largeíi pyramid, it may, in round * Diod. Sicul. lib. i. t A very entertaining defcription of thefe catacombs is given by Aaron Hill in his Account of the Ottoman Empire. But this fiorid writer is thought to have indulged himfelf rather too much in the licence fometimes attributed to travellers, to intitle that juγenile produftion to much regard as an authority.

numbers,

O F

M A S O N R Y;

numbers, be eñeemed 700 feet fquare at tbe bafe, and 480 feet in perpendicular height. The fummit of this pyramid from below, feems to be a point; but as travellers may afcend, by the ñones forming ñeps on the outfide, all the way up, the top is found to be a platform compofed of large ñones; and the lides of the fquare to be 16 or 18 feet.

Opinions differ as to the quarries where the ñones for thefe huge piles were procured; but while fome are fo extravagant as to fuppofe them to have been brought from Arabia or Ethiopia, captain Norden, who examined them about forty years fince, declares that the ñones were cut out of the rocks along the Nile, where the excavations are ñill vifible. The fecond of thefe pyramids is exaétly like the firft, excepting that it is fo fmoothly covered with granite that it is impoffible to afcend it. The third pyramid is not fo high as the two former by loo feet; and the fourth is as much inferior in fize to the third. Thefe four are furrounded by a number, all of a much fmaller fize, and feveral of them ruinous.

Of the four large pyramids, the firft mentioned only, has been opened; the entrance is on the north fide, and leads to five different paffages íiicceíiively, of which fome afcend, fome defcend, and fome run level, being only three feet and a half fquare. Thefe pafiáges are enterad by torch light, and lead to different chambers in the body of the pyramid; the lañ of them terminates in an upper chamber, in which is an empty coffin or farcophagus of granite, in the form of a parallelopipedon, entirely plain and deftitute of all decoration *.

In the defcription of this proud maufoleum, we have a pregnant illuñration of the fable of the mountain and the moufe: for the expence and labour of fo añoniíhing a building were incurred to prepare a tomb for the founder, which after all he does not enjoy. A mountain of * Templeman’s tranflation ofthe Copenhagen cdition of Norden’s Travels, folio,

V57∙

ftone

PATRIARCHA∙L

HISTORY

ítone was raifed to contain a coffín; and that coffín contains no!* The genios of the Egyptians for hieroglyphical reprefentations appears from the enormous figure of the fphinx juft mentioned above; which ñands about 300 paces to the eaít of the fecond pyramid. This exhibits the body of a lion with a virgin’s head, cut out of the folid rock; though the body is now overwhclmed by the fand. This figure is underñood to indícate the feafon for the annual rifing of the waters in the Nile, when the fun enters Leo and Firgo ; from which two conftellations thcy formed the fphinx: this word, in the Chaldee dialeét, fignifies to overflowi and as the caufe of the overflowing of the Nile was a riddle to the antients, we henee pcrceive why the fphinx was faid to be a propounder of riddles.

The Egyptians excelled all nations alfo in their amazing labyrinths.

One of them covered the ground of a whole province, containing many fine palaces, and 100 temples, difpofed in its feveral quarters and divifions, adorned with columna of porphyry, and ftatues of their gods and princes; which labyrinth the Greeks, long afterward, endeavoured to imitate, but never fucceeded in their attempts.

The fuccefíors of Mizraim, who íliled themfelves the fons of antíent kings, encouraged the royal art down to the laft of the race, the Icarncd king Amafis.

Hiftory fails us in the fouth and weft of Africa; ñor have we any juft accounts of the poílerity of Noah’s eldeft fon Japhet, who firft repleniíhed antient Scythia, from Norway eaftward to América; ñor of the Japhetites in Greece and Italy, Germany, Gaul and Britain, &c. * Antient hiftoríans, who yet were but moderns in comparifon with the pyramids, relate, that the kings who builtthem, excited fuch a degree of public hatred, by the cruel oppreffion of their fubjefts to raife thefe tombs, that they did not daré to truft their bodies in them : but were interred in obfeure places, to fecure their remains from the vengeancc of the populace. Rollm.

til!

O F

MASONRY.

till their original íkill was loíl: but they were good architeδ⅛s at their firñ migration from Shinar.

Shem, the fecond fon of Noah, remained at Ur of the Chaldees in Shinar, with his father and great grandfon Heber, where they lived. prívate, and died in peace; but Shem’s offspring travelled into the fouth, and eaft of Great Afia, *uÍ25. Elam, Aíhur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram, with Sala the father of Heber; and propagated the art as far as China and Japan: while Noah, Shem, and Heber, employed themfelves at Ur, in mathematical exercifes, teaching Peleg the father of Rehu, father of Serug, father of Nahor, father of Terah, father of Abraham, a learned race of mathematicians and geometricians *.

Thus Abraham, born two vears after the death of Noah, had learned A. M. 7 .

2008. well the fcience and the art, before the God of glory called him to travel from Ur of the Chaldees, and to lead a pafioral life in tents.

Travelling, therefore, with his family and flocks through Mefopotamia, he pitched at Haran, where oíd Terah, in five years, died; and then A.M. Abraham, aged 75 years, travelled into the land of the Canaanites: but 20^∙

a famine foon forced him down to Egypt; from whence returning next year, he began to communicate his great íkill to the chiefs of the Ca- A. M, naanites, for which they honoured him as a prince.

2θ83∙

Abraham tranfmitted his learning to all his offspring; Ifaac did the fame; and that Jacob well inftruóted his family, we have a ’clear example in his fon Jofeph, who retained fuch flrong ideas of the early i∏ftruδlions received in his father’s houfe, that he excelled the Egyptian mafons in knowledge; and, being inftalled their grand mafter by the command of Pharaoh, employed them in building many granarles and ftore-cities throughout the land of Egypt, to preferve them from the direful effeéls of a long and feve?e famine, before the arrival of Jacob and his houfe hold. * The oíd conftitutions affirm this ñrongly, and expatiate on Abraham’s great íkill in geometry, and of his teaching it to many feholars, all fons of the free-born only.

The

τ6

PATRIARCHAL

HISTORY

Yrofthe The defcendants of Abraham, being fojourners and íhcpherds in Bef7Cli ⅞ypt, praótifed very little of architeólure, tiil about eighty years be1574∙ fore their exodus; when, by the over-ruling hand of Providence, they were trained up to the mafonical ufe of ftone and brick, and built for the Egyptians the two flrong cities of Pithom and Raamafis; in the exercife of which taíks they recovered their dexterity in the craft, before they migrated to the promifed land.

Aftcr Abraham left Haran 430 years, Mofes marched out of Egypt, at the head of 600,000 Hebrew males, maríhalled in due fbrm; for whofe fake God divided the red fea, to afford them a ready paflage, and then caufed the waters to return upon, and drown Fharaoh and bis Egyptian forces, who purfued them. In this peregrination through Arabia to Canaan, God was pleafed to infpire their grand mañcr Mofes *, Jofhua his deputy, and Aholiab and Bezalecl, grand vvardens, with # The learned Dr. Stukeley has been ingenious enougb to trace the feveral divinities in the heathen mythology, from their fymbolical reprefentations on medals, up to the antient progenitors of mankind, and patriarchs in facred hiítory, whofe memo­ rable tranfaétions we have been reviewing: with what fucceís this has been accompliíhed, remains for our learned brethren to determine. According to this profound antiquarian, the idea of the moft antient Hércules, is formed from that of Adam ; beardcd, rough, with the íkin of a beaft to cover his nakednefs, and a club in his hand to fray wild animáis from him. Eve was confecrated under the ñame of Hcbe, the goddefs of youth and beauty; the Juventa of the Latins. She has the adequate figure of Eve, holding the fatal apple in one hand, and leans the other on a fpear, as the mark of divinity. So her huíband often had the apple in his hand, taken from the garden of Hefperides, a word feemingly corrupted from Paradice, guarded by a watchful dragón and four nymphs, which are the four rivers recited by Mofes. By this latitude of interpretation, he makes Cain, the Ganymede of the antients ; cupbcarer at the feaíts of the gods. Lamech the firít bigamiíl, was the Júpiter oí mount Cafius ; Tubal Cain, Pulcan ; Jubal the inventor of muíic, was Pales the íhepherd ; apollo is originally taken from him in the quality of a harper. Noah was confecrated aftcr his death, and called Deucalion, which means, the god the preacher, whom mythologilts make to be the firít builder of cities and temples. The ñame of his wife was Beroe, called Pyrrha by the Greeks; in honour of whom was founded the eity Berilus,

O F

M A S O N R Y.

with wifdom of heart *; and fo next year they raifed the tabernacle or tent, where the divine Shcchinah rcíidcd, and the holy ark or cheft, the fynibol of God’s prefence; which, though not of ílone or brick, was framed by true fymmetrical architeíture, according to the pattcrn that God diófated to Mofes on Mount Sinai, and which was afterward the model of Solomon’s temple.

Mofes being well íkilled in all the Egyptian learning, and alio divinely in/pired, excelled all grand mafters before him, and ordered the more íkilful to meet him, as in a gi and k>dge, ncar the tabernacle, Berilus, efleemed the tnoft antient city in the world, built by hcr fon Ham, who is The Salurn of profane ñory 5 and Shem is celebratcd under the piíture of Mithrat.

The heroic effigies of Ham is alfo exhibited in innumerable cities, under the ñame of Júpiter Hammon ; he is often horned, the ram’s horn intimating facred unítion, or regality. His fon Phut, was Λpollo Pythius ; Mizraim the fon of Ham, was the Egyptian Oβris ; Canaan their brother, is underftood in all the figures of Mercury.

"Hatnor, his fon, father of the powerful nation of the Amorites, was the great Júpiter of the antierrts, Tarfus, the fon of Javan, grandfon of Noah, was the celcbiated JNeplune of oíd ; and from the perfonal appearance of Jehovah to tire patriarchs, the heathens framed their Bacchus. The Egyptian Serapis, with the buíhel oh his hcad, is the patriarch Jofeph, the deity of revivlfcence, in imitation of whom-all their mummies are fortned. Mofes the Hebrew legiílator, is couched under the charaíters of Silenus, and Sylvantis in antiquity; and Joíhua is the antient Pan. Again : the twelve figns of the zodiac, we are told, were the banners of the twelve tribes of Ifrael, as they encamped in their paflage through the wildernefs. The table of íhew bread, part of the furniture of the Mofaic tabernacle, is feen imitated in íeveral heathen coins : as alfo the fcdes Deorum, denoting the prefence of a deity; taken from that called the mercy feat in the Mofaic ark, whereon refted the Shcchl∙ xah ; fometimes there is a thunderbolt laid on it, as in a coin of Titus. This facred throne of the temple at Jerufalcm, and the two cherubims, Titus placed in a temple .at Antiocb, as we are informed in the Chronúon Ble×andrinum. Other parts of.the facred fpoils, as the golden candleílick and íhew-bread table, aftςr being carried in triumph by Vefpafian, were depoíited in the temple of Peace ¡ from whence they were finally taken by the Goths, in the fackage of Rome.

Thofe who wiíh to fee this argument more at large, with references to the authors and cabinets, where vouchers may be found to juftify the preceding interpretations and faíls ; will find thein in Stukeley's Medallic Hijlory of Carauβusi 2 vols, 4t0, 1760. # Exod. xxxi. 2, &c.

D

17

18

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

in the pafΓover-τ.veek, and gave them wife charges, regulations, &c. though the tradition thereof has not been tranfmitted down to us fo perfeét as might have been wifhed.

Yrofthe Joíhua fucceeded in the dirección, with Caleb his deputy; and Eleazar Bcf⅛h t^e h⅛h-p∏eih and Phineas his fon, as grañd wardens: he maríhalled

1451.

the Ifraelites, and led them over Jordán, which God made dry for their march into the promifed land. The Canaanites had fo regularly fortifíed their great cities and palles, that without the ípecial intervcntion of £/ Shaddai, in behalf of his peculiar people, they were impregnable.

Having finiíhed his wars with the Canaanites, he fixed the tabernacle at Shiloe, in Ephraim; ordering the chiefs of Ifrael to ferve their God, cultívate the land, and carry on the grand defign of architeólure in the bel! Mofaic ílyle.

The Ifraelites made a prodigious progreís in the íludy of geometry and architeelure, having many expert artiíls in every tribe that met in lor' es or focieties for that purpofe, except when for their fins they carne tófder fervitude; but their occafional princes, called judges and faviours, revived the Mofaic ílyle along with liberty, and the Mofaic conílitution. But they were exceeded by the Canaanites, Phcenicians, and Sidoru’ans in facred architeélure; they being a people of a happy genius, and frame of mind, who made great improvements in the fciences, as well as in other learning. The glafs of Sidon, the purple of Tyre, and the exceeding fine linen they wove, were the produét of their own country, and their own inventions; and for their íkill in working of metáis, in hewing timber and ftone : in a word, for their pcrfcél knowledge of what was folid, great, and ornamental in architeélure, it need but be remembered, the great íhare they had in ereéling the temple at Jerufalem; than which nothingcan more redound to their honour, or give a clearer idea of what their own buildings mufl have been. Their fame was fo extenfive for talle, defign, and invention, that whatever was elegant, was diílinguiíhed with the epithet of Sidonian, or as the workmaníhip of Tyrian artiíls: and yet the temple or tabernacle of the true God at Shiloh exceeded them all in wifdom and beauty, though not in ílrength and dimenfions.

Mean-

I

N

J

U

D

E

A.

Meanwhile in LeíTer Afia, about ten years before the exodus of Mo­ fes, Troy was founded, and ftood till deftroyed by the confederatcd Greeks, about the twelfth year of Tola judge of Ifrael.

A. M. Soon after the exodus, the famous temple of Júpiter Hammon in 28i9∙

Libyan Africa was ereéted; and ftood till it was demoliíhed by the fitft Chriftians in thofe parts.

The city of Tyre was built by a body of Sidonian mafons from Ga- Yrofthe bala, undcr their grand mafter, and proper princes, or direólors; who g^f °Ch' fini∏ιed thelofty buildings of the city, with its ftrong walls and aque- 1252. duóts, in a manner greatly to the honour and renown of thofe who had the conduéting of this grand defign.

The Phcenicians built, in a grand and fumptuous manner, under the Yrofthe direétion of Sanchoniathon, grand mafter of mafons in that province, g1ci∙1^" the famous temple of Dagon at Gaza, and artfully fupported it by two Hender columns, which proved not too big for the grafp of Samfon; who pulling them down, the large roof fell upon 3000 of the lords and ladies of the Philiftincs, and killed them all, himfelf fharing the fate he drew down upon bis enemies.

In after times, Abibal king of Tyre repaired and beautified that city; Yrofthe and fo did his fon Hiram; under whom the kingdom of Tyre was in Fl. 1292, Bef. Ch. a very flourifhing condition: he alfo repaired and improved feveral 1056. cities in the eaflern parts of his dominions; and bcing himfelf a mafon, he undertook the direétion of the craft, and became a worthy grand mafter. He enlarged the city of Tyre, and joined it to the Yrof the temple of Júpiter Olympius, ftanding in aniíland: he alfo built two FI.13□2.

Bef. Ch» temples, one to Hércules, and the other to Aftarte; with many other 1046. rich and íplendid buildings.

During all this period, the Ifraelites, by their vicinity to the artifes of Tyre and Sidon, had great opportunities of cultivating the royal art, which they failed not diligently to purfue, and at laft attained to a very high perfeófion; as well in operative maíbnry, as in the regularity and difciple of their well formed lodges.

<

D 2

C H A P.

HIST0RY

20

OF

C H A P.

MASONRY

TIL

State of Majonry from the ^Foundation of Solomon's Temple, to its Confecration.

AVID kingof Ifrael, through the long wars he had with the Canaanites, had not leifure to employ his own craftfmen, or thofe he had obtaincd from his íleady friend and ally, King Hiram of Tyre: for almoft his whole reign was one continued feries of wars, fatigues, Yrofthe and misfortunes. But at length, having taken the city of Jebus, and Bef Ch* ftrong-hold of Zion from his enemies, he fet the Craft about repairing 1047. and embelliíhing the walls, and public edifices, efpecially in Zion, where he fixed his refidence; and which was from him called the city of David; as in his time, alio, the oíd Jebus obtained the ñame of Jerufalem. But being denied the honour of building the intended temple therein, on account of his being a man of blood, he, worne down Yrofthe with years and infirmities, and drawing near his end, aflémbled the Bef/ch' chiefs of his people, and acquainted them with his defign to have built 1015. a magnificent repofitory for the ark of God; having made great pre­ pararon for ir, and laid up immenfe quantities of rich materials; as alfo plans and models for the different parts of the ilru<fture, with many neccfΓary regulations for its future eílabliíhment: but, as he found it was the Divine Will that this great work íhould be accompliíhed by his fon Solomon, he reque∩ed them to afíift in fo laudable an undertaking.

King David died foon after, in the 70th year of his age, after having reigned feven years in Hebron over the houfe of Judah, and thirtythree over all the tribes.

Upon the death of David, and the fucceffion of Solomon to the Yrofthe thronc, the affeóiion Hiram had ever maintained for the father, prompted Be/ Ph him to fend a congratulatory embaffy to the fon, exprefling his joy to find 1012. the regality continued in the family. When thefe ambafladors returneds

D

I

N

J

U

D

E

A.

ed, Solomon embraced the occafion3 and wrote a letter tσrHiram in thefe terms: “ Ring Solomon to Ring Hiram greetingi

tt *p^E *t k∏own unto thee, O Ring, that my father David had it a “ long time in his mind to ereéC a temple to the Lord; but being tt perpetually in war, and under a nece∩ity of clearing his hands of his ,t enemies, and makc thcm all his tributaries, before he could attend “ to this great and holy work; he hath left it to me in time of peace, «« both to begin and finiíh it, according to the direéfion, as well as the “ predicción, of Almighty God. Blefled be his great ñame for the prefent “ tranquillity of my dominions 1 And, by his gracious afíiftance, I íhall “ now dedicate the beft improvements of this liberty and leifure to his “ honour and woríhip. Wherefore I make it my requeft, that you <c will let fome of your people go along with fome fervants of mine to “ Mount Lebanon, to affift them in cutting down materials toward ti this building; for the Sidonians underftand it much better than we “ do. As for the workmens’ reward, or wages, whatever you think “ reafonable íhall be punólually paid them.”

Hiram was highly pleafed with this letter, and returned the following anfwer: “ Ring Hiram to Ring Solomon.

,c 1VΓothing could have been more welcome to me, than to under“ ftand that the government of yonr blefled father is devolved, “ by God’s providence, into the hands of fo excellent, fo wife, and fo “ virtuous a fucceflor: his holy ñame be praifed for it. That which you write for, íhall be done with all care and good-will: for I will t( give order to cut down and export fuch quaιμities of the faireíi cedars “ and

2τ

22

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

“ and cyprefs trees as you íTiall have occafion for: my peoplc (hall “ bring them to the fea-fide for you, and from thence íhip them away “ to what port you pleafe, where they may lie ready for your own “ men to tranfport them to Jerufalem. It would be a great obligation, tc after all this, to allow us fuch a provifion of corn in exchange, as “ may ftand with your convenience; for that is the commodity we “ iílanders want moíh” Solomon, to teftify his great íatisfadlion from this anfwcr of the Tyrian king, and, in rcturn for his generous offers, ordered him a yearly prefent of 20,000 meafures of wheat, and 20,000 meafures of fine oil for his houfehold ; beíide a like quantity of barley, wheat, wine and oil, which he engaged to give Hiram’s mafons, who were to be employed in the intended work of the temple. Hiram was to fend the cedars, fir, and other woods, upon fioats to Joppa, to be delivered to whom Solomon íhould direót, in order to be carried to Jerufalem. He fent him alfo a man of his own ñame, a Tyrian by birth, but of Ifraelitifh defcent, who was a fecond Bezaleel, and honoured by his king with the title of Father: in 2 Chron. ii. 13, he is called Hiram Abbif, the mo∩ accompliíhed defigner and operator upon earth *.; whofe

abilities *I∏2 Chron. ii. 13. Hiram King of Tyre (called there Huram) in his Letter to King Solomon, fays, I havt fent a cunning man, el Huram Abbi; which is not to be tranflated, like the Vulgate Greek and Latín, Huram my father ; for his defcription, verfe 14, refutes it 5 and the words import only Huram of my father's, or the chief mafter mafon of my father Abibalus. Yet fome think that King Hiram might cali the artchiteft Hiram his father, as learned and wife men were wont to be called by royal patrons in oíd times : thus Jofeph was called abrech, or the king’s father ; and this fame Hiram the archited is called Solomon’s father, 2 Chron. iv. 16.

Gnafah 7huram Abbif la Melech Shelomoh.

Did Hiram his father make to King Solomon.

But the difficulty is over at once by allowing the word Abbif to be the fiirname of Hiram the artift, called above Hiram Abbi, and here called Huram Abbif, as in-the lodge

I

N

J

U

D

E

A,

23

abilities were not confined to building only, but extended to all kinds of work, wħether in gold, filver, brafs, or ¡ron; whether in linen, tapeftry, or embroidery; whether confidered as an architeél, flatuary, founder or defigner, he equally excelled. From his defigns, and under his diredtion, all the rich and fplendid furniture of the temple, and its feveral appendages, were begιτn, carried on, and finifhed. Solomon appointed him, in his abfence, to fill the chair, as deputy grand mafler; and in his prefcnce to officiate as fenior grand warden, mafter of the work, and general overfeer of all artifts, as well thofe whom David had formerly procured from Tyre and Sidon, as thofe Hiram íhould now fend.

Dius, the hiílorian, tells us, that the love of wifdom was the chief inducement to that tendernefs of friendíhip betwixt Hiram and Solomon; that they interchanged diflicult and myfterious queftions, and points of art, to be folved according to true reafon and nature. Melodge he is cabed Hiram Abbif, to diftinguiíh him from King Hiram : for this rcading makes the fenfe plain and compleat, viz. that Hiram, King of Tyre, fent to King Solomon the cunning workman Hiram Abbif.

He is defcribed in two places, i Kings vii. 13, 14, 15. and 2 Chron. ii. 13, 14. in the firíl he is called a widow,s fon of the tribe of Naphtali, and in the other he is called the fon of a woman of the daughters of Dan ; but in both, that his father was a man of Tyre-. that is, íhe was of the daughters of the city of Dan, in the tribe of Naphtali, and is called a widow of Naphtali, as her huíband was a Naphtalite ; for he is not called a Tyrian by defcent, but a man of Tyre by habitation, as Obed Edom the Levite is called a Gittite, and the Apoftle Paúl a man of Tarfus.

But though Hiram Abbif had been a Tyrian by blood, that derogates not from his vaít capacity; for Tyrians now were the beíl artificers, by the encouragement of King Hiram : and thofe texts teftify that God had endued this Hiram Abbif with wifdom, underftanding, and mechanical cunning to perform every thing that Solo­ mon required ; not only in building the temple with all its coílJy magnificence, but alfo in founding, faíhioning, and framing all the holy uteníils thereof, and to find out every device that jhall be f ut to him ! And the fcripture aflures us, that he fully maintained his charaóler in far larger works than thofe of Aholiab and βezaleel; for which he will be honoured in lodges till the end cf time.

nander

24

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

nander of Ephefus, who tranftated the Tyrian annals out of the Philiftine tongue, into Greek, alfo relates, that when any of thefe propofitions proved too hard for thofe wife and learned princes, Abdeymonus, or Abdomenus, the Tyrian, called, in the oíd conftitutions, Amon, or Hiram Abbif, anfwered every device that was put to him, 2 Chron. ii. 14; and even challenged Solomon, though the wifeft prince on earth, with the fubtilty of the queftions he propofed.

To cari y on this ftupendous work with greater eafe and fpeed, Solo­ mon caufed all the craftmen, as wcll natives as forcigners, to be numbered, and claíTed as follows, viz.

1. Harodimi princes, rulers, or provofts, in number 2. Menatzchim, overfeers and comforters of the peopleΛ in working, who were expert mafter mafons 3. Ghiblim, ftone-fquarers, poliíhers and feulptors; and-s IJh Chotzeb, men of hewing; and Benai, fetters,Γ layers or builders, being able and ingenious fellowZ

300

80,000

3

crafts 4. The levy out of Ifrael, appointed to work in Leba-} non one month in three, 10,000 every month, un- !

30,000 der the direftion of noble Adoniram, who was ∣ the júnior grand-warden J All the free mafons employed in the work of thei Ir3,600 temple, exclufive of the two grand wardens, were> Befide the I∕7j Sabbal, or men of burthen, the remains of the oíd Canaanites, amounting to 70,000, who are not numbered among mafons.

Solomon diftributed the fellow crafts into feparate lodges, with a mafter and wardens in each*; that they might receive commands in a regular manner, might take care of their tools and jewels, might be • According to the traditions of o!d mafons, who talk tnuch of thefe things.

regularly

I

N

J

U

D

E

A.

25

regularly paid every week, and be duly fed and cloathcd, ; and the fellow crafts took care of their fucceílion by educating entered apprentices. Thus a folid foundation was laid of perfeél harmony among the brotherhood; the lodge was ílrongly cemented with love and friendíhip ; every brother was duly taught fecrecy and prudence, morality and good fellowíhip; each knew his peculiar bufinefs, and the grand defign was vigoroufly purfued at a prodigious expence.

When the workmen were all duly maríhalled, Solomon, who had been ílill adding immenfe quantities of gold, filver, precious ñones, and other rich materials to thofe which David had laid up before his death; put them into proper hands, to be wrought into an infinite variety of ornaments. The vaíl number of hands employed, and the diligence, íkill, and dexterity of the maíler of the work, the overfeers and fellow crafts, were fuch, that he was able to level the foot-ílone of this vaíl ílruólure in the fourth year of his reign, the third after the death of David, and the 480th after the children of Ifrael pafied the Red Sea. This magnificent work was begun in Mount Moriah, on a. m.

Monday the fecond day of the month Zif, which anfwers to the twen- γ,9a^ofty-firíl of our Apríl, being the fecond month of the facred year; and the flood was carried on with fuch fpeed, that it was finiíhed in all its parts in littlc more than feven years, which happened on the eighth day of the 1012. month Bul, which anfwers to the twenty-third of our Oélober, being the feventh month of the facred year, and the elcventh of King Solo­ mon. What is ílill more aílonifhing, is, that every piece of it, whether timber, ílone, or metal, was brought ready cut, framed and poliíhed to ∫ertιfalem; fo that no other tools were wanted, or heard, than what were necefiary to join the feveral parts together. All the noife of axe, hammer, and faw, was confined to Lebanon, the quarries and plains of Zeredathah, that nothing might be heard among the mafons of Sion, fave h3rm0ny and peace.

The length of the temple, or holy place, from wall to wall, was fixty cubits of the facred meafure; the breadth twenty cubits, or one E third

2Ó

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

third of its length; and the height thirty cubits to the upper cieling». diftinét from the porch: fo that the temple was twice as long and large evcry way as the tabernacle. The porch was 120 cubits high; its. length twenty; and breadth ten cubits. The lymmetry of the three dimenfions in the temple is very remarkable; and the harmony of proportions is as pleafing to the eye, as harmony in mufle is to the ear. The oracle, or moft holy place, was a perfeét cube fo twenty cubits, thereby figuratively difplaying the perfeólion of happinefs: for Ariflotle fays, “ That he who bears the íhocks of Fortune valiantly, “ and demeans himfelf uprightly, is truly good, and oj afcjuarepoβιi)^e “ without refrroof.” Befide, as the fquare figure is the moít firm in building, fo this dimeníion of the oracle was to denote the conftancy, duration, and perpctuity of heaven. The wall of the outer court, or that of the Gentiles, was 7,700 feet in compafs; and all the courts and apartments would contain 300,000 people: the whole was adorned with 1453 columns of Parian marble, twified, fculptured, and voluted ; with 2906 pilafters, decorated with magnificent capitals j and about double that number of windows; befide the beauties of the pavement.

The oracle and fanduary were lined with maffy gold, adorned with fculpture, and fiudded with diamonds, and other kinds of precious

ñones.

No ñruófure was ever to be compared with this temple, for its corrcóf proportions and beautiful dimenfions, from the magnificent portico on the eafl^, to the awful fanδlum fanδlorum on the weft; with the numerous apartments for the kings, princes, fanhedrim, pricfts, Levites, and people of Ifracl, befide an outer court for the Gentiles; it being an houfe of praycr for all nations. The profpeét of it highly tranfcended all that we are capable to imagine, and has ever bcen eíleemed the fineft piece of mafonry upon earth, bcfore or fince *.

The • Among the variety of valuable articles in the cabinet of curiofities at Drefden, is a model of the temple of Solomon cμt in cedar, according to its deícription in the

Oíd

I

N

J

U

D

E

A.

*7-,

The oíd con-ílitutions aver, that, fome ∏ιoft time before the confe- Yrofthe Cration of the temple, Ring Hiram carne from Tyre, to take a view •of that mighty edifice, and to infpeót the different parts thereof, in 992. which he was accompanied by Ring Solomon, and the deputy grand mafter, Hiram Abbif; and that after his examination, he declared the 4⅛≡mple to be the utmoft ftretch of human art 1 Solomon here again renewed the league with Hiram, and made him a prefent of the facred fcriptures, tranílated into the Syriac tongue; which, it is faid, is ñill extant among the Maronites, and other caílern Chriflians, under the ñame of the oíd Syriac verfion.

The temple of Jehovah being finiílied, under the aufpices of the wifeíl and molí glorious king of Ifrael, the prince of architeólure, and grand mafter mafon of his day; the fraternity celebrated the cape-ílone with great joy: but their exultations were foon checked by the fudden «leath of their dear and worthy mafter Hiram Abbif; to the great con­ cern of Ring Solomon, who, after fome time allowed to the craft to indulge their forrow, ordered his obfequies to be performed with great folemnity, and buried him in the lodge, near the temple, according to the antient ufages among mafcns.

After Hiram Abbif had been mourned for, the tabernacle of Mofes and its holy rcliques being lodged in the temple, Solomon, in a general aficmbly, dcdicatcd, or confecrated it by folemn prayer, facrifices, and mufle, vocal and-inftrumental, praifing Jehovah, upon fixing the holy ark in its proper place, between the cherubims; when Jehovah filled his own temple with a cloud of glory 1 But lcaving what muft not, and, indeed, what cannot be committed to writing, we may certainly affirm, that, however ambitious and emulous the Gentiles were in improving the royal art, it was never perfetfted till the building of this fuperb houfe of God; fuited, as far as human Oíd Teñament and other antient authorities; which coft 12,000 crowns. It reprefents the ark, the jαnStum fanilorumi the facrifices, and all other rites of the Mofaic law. Hamυay,j Traυels, 1753.

E 2

power

28

HISTORY

O F

MASONRY

power could extend, to the fpecial refulgence of his glory upon earth, where he dwelt between the cherubims, on the mercyfeat, above the ark, from whence he condcfcended frequently to give hís people ora­ cular refponfes.

The fame of this grand edifice foon prompted the inquifitive of all nations to travel to Jerufalem, and furvey its excellencies, as far as was allowed to the Gentiles; and they foon found, that the joint íkill of all the world carne infinitely íhort of the Jfraelites, in the wifdom, ílrength, and beauty of their architecHure; when the wife Ring Solo­ mon was grand ma∩er of all mafons at Jerufalem, when the learned King Hiram* was grand mafter at Tyre, and the ¡nfpired Hiram Abbif had been ma∩er of the work: when true mafonry was under the immediate care and direólion of Heaven ; and when the noble and the wife thought it an honour to be afTociates of the ingenious craftímen in their well formed lodges. Accordingly the temple of Jehovah became the juft wonder of all travellers, by which, as by the moft perfeél pattern, they refolved to correél the architeéiure of their own countries upon their return.

•> The tradition is, that King Hiram had been grand mafter of all mafons ; and when the temple was finiihed, carne to furvey it before its confecration, and to commune with Solomon about wifdom and art; when finding the great Architeñ of the univerfe had infpired Solomon above all mortal men, Hiram very readily yielded the pre-cminence to Solomon Jccüdiah, i. e, tire beloved of God.

C H A P.

I

N

J

U

C H A P.

D

E

A

29

IV.

State of Mafonry from the Confecration, to the Dejiruclion of Solomon's Temple., and Captivity of the fews.

HEN Solomon had accompliíhed this grcat tindertaking of ereóling a temple to Jehovah, for the purpofe of national devotion, he engaged the fraternity in carrying on other works; viz. two palaces at Jerufalem for himfelf and his queen, the ílately hall of judicature, with his ivory throne, and golden lions; a Royal Exchange, made by filling up the great gulf between Mount Moriah and Mount Zion, with ftrong arches, upon which many beautiful piazzas were ereóted, with lofty co}onades on each fide. Between the columns a fpacious walk led from Zion caftle to the temple, where men of bufinefs met; the houfe of the foreft of Lebanon, built tipon four rows of cedar-pillars, being a fummer-houfe to retire to from the fatigue of bufinefs; with a watch-tower that looked on the road to Damafcus: fevera.! cides on the road between Jerufalem and Lebanon; many íloreboufes weft of the Jordán, and feveral flore-cities eaíl of that river, well fortified; and laít of all Tadmor, in the defart towards Syria *, one day’s journey from the Euphrates, and fix from Babylon, called in later times by the Greeks Palmyra, with a lofty palace in it. This was one of his frontier towns; and the reafon why he built a city fo far from the inhabited parts of Syria, was that in the upper parts there was no water. Under Rehoboam it probably revolted with the reft of Syria, whpn Rezin became king of Damafcus; but whether it fubmitted to the power of Rezin, or formed itfelf then into a commonwealth, as it was afterward, or what its government was un til the days of the Emperor Augufius, there are no records to inform us. Under the Emperor

W

♦ 2 Clfron. viii. 3,

GallienuSj

3*

HISTORY

OF

M AS ON RY

Gallienus, Odenatus king of Palmyra, for his vióforious fervices in the eaft, was aflociated with him in the empire; but after his dcath, his queen Zenobia incurred the refentment of the Emperor Aureüan, who deftroyed this noble city, and carried the queen in triumph to Rome.

Owing to its remote íituation, it never recovered this difalber, but was by degrees reduced to the loweft fíate of poverty; and the diftrióf where it ñood is now under an Arabian chief, tributary to the Ottoman empire *.

The ruins of this noble city were difcovered by fome Englifh merchants from Aleppo in i 678 ; but they being plundered by the Arabs, were obliged to return, without fatisfying their curiofíty. Thir.teen years after, the fame gentlemen made a fecond attempt, when they Λaid four days among the ruins; and their account of them was publiíhed in the Philojo-phical cΓranJaδtions of the Royal Society. But it is to the full and accurate defcription of thefe magnificent re mains publifhed by Meffieurs Dawkins and Wood, ∙f that the public are indebted for their prefent knowledge of this long loft and forgotten city.

When fuch curious remains of antiquity, fo interefHng both to the mafon and the antiquarian, come in our way, it is hoped this little di­ gresión may be pardoned: we íhall now refume our direéf fubjeéL Yrofthe All thefe, and many more public works, were finiíhed in the íhort Γl f Ch fpace thirtcen years after the temple, by the care of 550 maflers of 979. works: for mafonry was cultivated throughout all the kingdom of Ifrael, and many lodges were conflituted under grand mafter Solomon; who, as the oíd confiitutions relate, annually afíembled a grand lodgc at Jcrufalem, to preferve the cement of the fraternity, and tranfmit their affairs to the lateft pofterity.

Even during his idolatry, this prince built fome curious temples to Chemoíh, Moloch, and Afhtaroth, the gods of his concubines, till about * Sellcr’s Antiquities of Palmyra, 8vo, 1705. t Folio, 1753 ; illuftrated with fine engravings.

three

I

N

J

U

D

E

A.

three years before he died, when he compofed his penitential fong, the A. M. Ecclefiañes; and fixed the true motto on all earthly glory, viz. Vanity of roanities, all is rυamty, without the fear of God, and the keeping of his 975« commands-, which is the whole duty of man! and died aged 58 years.

Many of Solomon’s mafons, before he died, began to travel; and carried with them their íkill and tañe in archite&ure, with the fecrets of the fraternity, into Syria, Lefier Afia, Mefopotamia, Scythia, Afíyria, Chaldaea, Media, Baótria, India, Perfia, Arabia, Egypt, and other parts of Great Afia and Africa: and probably alfo into Europe; though we have no hifiory early enough to afíure us as yet of the tranfañions of Greece and Italy. The tradición is, that they travelled to Hercnles’s pillars on the weft, and to China on the eaft: and the oíd confiitutions affirm, that one called Ninus, who had been at the building of Solomon’s temple, carried the art into Germany and Gaul.

In many places being highly efteemed, they obtained fpecial privileges; and becaufe they taught their liberal art only to the free-born, they were called Free Mafons-, conftituting lodges in the places where they built fíately piles, by the encouragement of the great and wealthy, who foon requefted to be accepted as members of their lodges, and brothers of the craft; till by merit thofe free and accepted mafons carne to be maílers and wardens. Even princes and potentatcs became grand mafiers, each in his own dominión, in imitation of King Solomon; whofe memory, as a mafon, has been dnly revered, and will be, till architeélure (hall be confumed in the general conflagration.

The divifion of Solomon’s dominions into the kingdoms of Ifrael and Yroftbe Judah, did not much affeói the fraternity, or difiurb their lodges: for Jeroboam ordered them to build him two palaces, the one at Sichem, 974and the other at Penuel; and alfo to ereéi two fiatues of the golden calves, with temples for their tvoríhip, the one in Bethel, and the other in Dan, which were worfhipped by the Ifraelites till they were carried away by Shalmanefcr and Tglath-Pilefer. King Baaíha bciilt Tirzah for his palaee j and King Omri buiit Samaría for his capital; where his fon, King

32

A. M. 32¾∙

A. M.

HISTORY

OF

MASON RY

King Ahab, built a íumptuous temple for his idol Baal, afterward deftroycd by King Jehu; and a palace of ivory, beíide many caflles and *fenccd cities.

Solomon’s fucceffors on the throne of Judah, fucceeded him alfo in the grand mafter’s chair; or deputed the high-prieft to preferve the royal art. Their care of the temple, with the many buildings they raifed, are mentioned in holy writ down to Jofiah the laít good king of Judah. The mafons formed in his fchool, and who travelled, improved the Gentiles beyond exprefifion: thus the Syrians adorned Damafcus with a lofty temple and a royal palace. Thofe of Lefler Afta became excellent workmen; particularly at Sardis in Lydia, and along the fea coafts in the mercantile cities, as at Ephefus.

Therc the oíd temple of Diana, built by fome Japhctites about the days of Mofes, being burnt down about 34 years after Solomon’s death ; the kings of Lefícr Afia refounded and adorned it with 127 columns of the beft marble, each 60 feet high, of which 36 were of the moft noble fculpture; undcr the dircδlion of Orefiphon and Archiphron, the diíciples of Solomon’s travellers: but it was not finifhed till after 220 years in the feventh year of Hezekiah king of Judah, under the direétion of the grand Ephcfian maflers in this royal craft, Demetrius and Polonius.

This temple was of the Ionic order, in length 425 feet, and in breadth 220 feet, with a duly proportioned height; fo magnificent, fo admi­ rable a fabric, that it becamc the third of the feven wonders of art; the charming miftrefs of LeíTer Afia, which even Xerxes, the avowed enemy of image woríhip, left Randing, while he burnt all the other temples in his way to Greece. At laft it was burnt down by a vile fellow only for the infamous ambition of being talked of in after ages, (whofe ñame therefore íhall not be mentioned here), on the birth-day of Alexander the Great; after it had ñood 365 years: when it was jocdfely faid, the goddefs was fo deeply engaged at the birth of her hero in Pella of Ma­ cedona,

I

N

A

S

S

Y

R

I

A.

3?

cedonia, that fhe had no Ieiíure to fave her temple at Epheíus ! It was rebuilt by the architeót Denocrates, at the expence of the neighbouring . princes and ñates.

The Aflyrians, ever fince Nimrod and Ninus, had cultivated the τoyal art, efpecially at their great Nineveh, down to King Pul, to tvhom Jonah preached; and his fon Sardan Pul, the mean and effeminate Sardanapalus, who was befieged by his brother Tiglath Pul Efer and his general Nabonaflar; till he burnt himfelf with his concubines A. M. and treafure ín oíd Nimrod’s palace in the twelfth year of Jotham king 3257∙ of Judah. The empire was then partitioned between Tiglath Pul Efer, who fucceeded in Nineveh, and Nabonaflar who eñabliíhed himfelf in ■Chaldaea.

Nabonaflar, called alfo Belefis or Baladan, an excellent aftronomer and architeél, built his new metrópolis upon the ruins of a part of oíd Nimrod’s works near the great oíd tower of Babel, then ftanding; and called it Babylon; which was founded in the firft year of the Nabonafíarian, or famous aftronomical jera: for this city is not noticed by any author before Ifaiah, who botli mentions its rife, and forctellt its ruin.

The fcience and the art did not only flourifh Iong in eaflcrn Alia to the fartheft Eaft-Indies; but alfo before the days of Nebuchadnezzar the Great, we find that mafonry took a weñerncourfc : for the difciples of Solomon’s travellers, by the encouragement of princes and ñates weft of the Afíyrian bounds, built, enlarged, and adorned a great number of cides and. towns; fuch as Borifthenes and Sinope in Pontus; N¡comedia, Prufias, and Chalcedon in Bithynia; Bizantium, now Conñantinople, Cizicus alfo, and Lampfacais in the Hellefpont; Abdara in Thrace: alfo in Greece, Tarentum, Regium, Rome, Ravenna, Grotona, Florence; and many more in Italy; Granada, Malaga, Gades, &Z in Spain; Maflilia, and others on the coaft of Gaul; Britain being then unknown.

F

The

34

HISTORY

O F

M AS ON R Y

Bcf. Ch. The Syrians adorned Damafcus, by the aftiftance of Solomon’s ma∙ 7÷0∙ fons, with a lofty temple, a royal palace, and a public altar of moft admirable w,oιkmanfhip; which laft fo raviílied Ahaz, king of Judah, that he caufed a model of it to be taken, and fent it to Urijah, the high-prieft of Jerufalem; and upon his return, having removed the altar of the Lord out of its place in the temple, ordered this new altar to be fet up in its ftead.

After the good Jofiah king of Judah fighting for his fuperior Nabopolaflar, was ílain in the battle of Hadah Rimmon by Pharoah Necho, all things went wrong in Judah; for the grand monarch Ncbuchadnezzar, firft his father’s partner, having dcfeated Necho, made Jofiah’s fon Jehoiakim his vafl^al; and, for his revolting, he ruined him. At length he captivated all the remaining royal family of Judah with the flower of the nobles, efpecially of the more ingenious craftfmen ; laid wafte the whole land of Ifrael, burnt and demolifhed all the fine edifices, and alfo the inimitable temple of Solomon, after it had been finiíhed and confecrated 416 years. For, on the feventh day of the fifth month, anfwering to the end of our July, carne Nebuzaradan, captain of the guards to the King of Babylon, to Jerufalem, and after having taken out all the facred vefléls; the two famous pillars that were in the temple, and all the riches that could be found in the king’s palace, and the city ; he did, purfuant to the command of his mafler, fet both the temple and city on fire, overthrew all the walls, and towers belonging thereto, wholly razing it to the ground, till he had effcóied a thorough defolation !

Nebuchadnezzar being now at reft from all his wars, and in full Yrof the Fl. 1778. peace at home, applied himfelf with great indufiry to the grand Bcf. Ch. of finiíhing his buildings at Babylon; and employed therein all the 570. ablc artifts of Judea, and other captives befide his own Chaldean mafons ; who by their joint labour made it the fourth of the feven wonders of art. The moft famous works therein were the walls of the city, the temple

I

N

A

S

S

Y

R

I

A.

35

temple of Belus, in which were placed the brazen fea, the pillars, &c. brought from Jerufalem, the palace and hanging gardens, the river and the artificial lake and canals, made for draining that river. In the magnificence and expence of which works, he muchexceeded whatfoever had been done by any king befare him; and excepting the amazing wall of China, nothing has been lince attemptéd that can be placed in competition with them. This fplendid grand mafier alfo canfed to be ereéted in the plains of Dura, a golden image of their god BaaJ, fixty cubits high, and fix broad; containing 7000 Attic drachmas of gold, according to Diodorus; which amount to three millions and a half of our money.

The Medes and Perfians had rivalled the Afíyrians and Chaldeans in mafonry at Ecbatana, Sufiana, Perfepolis, and many other fine cities, before they conquered them in war; though they had nothing fo large as Nineveh and Babylon, ñor fo accurate as the temple, and other edifices of Solomon.

The Jewiíh captives, after Nebuchadnezzar’s death, kept themfelves at work, and confoled themfelves by brotherly commnnion in regular lodges, until the appoínted time of their deliverance. They were thus the more capable at the rebuilding the holy temple and city of Salera upon the oíd foundations; which was ordered upon the decree of Cyrus, according to God’s word, which had foretold his exakation and that decree. For Belfhazzar being fiain, Cyrus, the Períian, foon after removed the imperial feat to Sufiana in Perfia, and thereby put an end A. M. to the Babylonian empire, after it had fiood 209 years; and he promifcd the Ifraelites great favour, and a fpeedy reftoration to their own 538. ¡and.

The Medes and Perfians had much improved in the royal art, and Bef. Ch, had even out-done the Afíyrians in mafonry at Ecbatana ; which, '07, being repaired, beautified, and vafíly enlarged by Deioces, kingof the Medes, who reigned there with great wifdom, honour, and profperity

F 2

for

36

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

for above fifty years; during which time he conñantly employed the fraternity; and it becoming a great city, he is, for this reafon, by the Greeksjeñeemed as the founder of it: alfoSufiana and Perfepolis, with many more fine cities, were built before the Perfians had overeóme the Aflyrians and Babyloniaris in war, where they had fhewn admirable íkill; but yet nonc of thefe mafonical works carne up to the accuracy of the temple, and other ftruítures of Ring Solomon.

C H A P.

I

N

P

E

R

S

C H A P.

I

A,

&c.

V.

State of Mafonry from Grand-maβer Cyrus, to Grand∙maβer Seukcus Nicanor.

YRUS, who had been fore-ordained to reftore the children of Bef. Ch. Ifrael, and to rebuild the holy temple at Jerufalem, having found- 53^∙

C

ed the Perfían empire, ifíued out his decree for thofe welcome purpofes. He con∩ituted Zerubbabel, the fon of Salathiel, his provincial grand mafíer in the land of Judea, the lineal heir of David’s royal race and prince of the reduótion, with the higb-prieft Jeíhuah his deputy; under the title of Tiríbatha, by immediate commiffion from him. All the vefíels of gold and íilver brought to Babylon from Jerufalem, were,. by this decree, ordered to be delivered to Zerubbabel, who carried them back to Jerufalem. The vefíels at-this time reñored, amounted to 5,400: the remainder was brought back by Ezra, in the reign of Artaxerxes Longimanus many years after : but before the temple was ha/f ñnifhed, Cyrus died, which put a ftop to the work..

Cambyfes, the fucceffor of Cyrus, negleóled the temple; being wholly intent upon the conqueft of Egypt, that had revolted under Amaíis, the lañ of Mizraim’s race; a learned grand mafíer, for whom the fellow crafts cut out of a rock an houfe, all of one ñone, 21 cubits long, 12 broad, and 8 deep, the labour of 2000 mafons for three years, and brought it fafe to Memphis. He built many coñly ftruótures, contri- A M buted Jargely to reftoring Apollo’s temple at Delphi in Greece, and 3478. died much lamented, juft as Cambyfes had reached to Egypt.

Cambyfes conquered the land, and defíroyed many temples, palaces, obeliíks, and other glorious monuments of the antient Egyptian ma­ fonry, and died on his way home. The falfe Smerdis, the Magian, A. M. taking advantage of this event, ufurped the throne by the ñame of Arta- 24δ2'

xerxes, according to Ezra, and ftopped the building of the temple; but was

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

was foon dethroned, and fucceeded by Darius Hyftafpes, one of the feven princes that confpired to cut him off. Darius marricd Artiftona the daughter of Cyrus, and confirmed his decree.

Bef. Ch. Darius was a prince of wifdom, clemency, and juílice; and hath the .520∙ honour to have his ñame recorded in holy writ for a favourer of God’s people, a reflorer of his temple, and a promoter of his woríhip therein. He was blefléd with a numerous iífue, a long reign, and great proA, M. fperity. In his fixth year, juft twenty years after the founding of the ⅛ef9Ch temPle> Zerubbabel finiíhed it, and celebrated the cape-ñone; and 515. next year its confecration or dedication was folemnized: and though it carne far fhort of Solomon’s temple in extent and decorations, ñor had the cloud of glory or divine Shechinah, and the holy reliques of Mofes; yet being reared in the Solomonian flyle, it was the fineft buiiding upon earth.

The Sidonians were as frank and liberal toward this work as in the days of Hiram; bringing down cedar-planks in abundance from Libanus to the fea-fhore, and from thence to the port of Joppa, as they had been ordered firñ by Cyrus, and after him by Darius. Here, alfo, the curious craftfmen held flated and regular Jodges, as in the days of Solomon; afiociated with the mafler mafons, giving leóiures, and ftriétly adhering to good oíd ufages.

In this reign Zoroafler flourifhed, the Archimagus or grand mafler of the Magians, who woríhipped the fun and fire made by his rays; who became famous everywhere, called by the Greeks, The teacher of all human and divine knowledge: and his difciples were great improvcrs of the liberal arts, ereéting many palaces and temples throughout the empire, and long flourifhed in eaflern Afia, even till the Mahometans prevailed. A remnant of them are fcattered in thofe parts to this day, who retain many of the oíd ufages of the free mafons, for which they are here mentioned, and not for their religious rites, which we do not interfere with. We leave every brother to liberty of confoience;

I

N

P

E

R

s

I

A,

&c.

39

fcíence; but ftri&Iy charge him carefully to maintain thc cement of the lodge, and the three articles of Noah.

Zoroafter was'ílain by Argafp the Scythian, A. M. 3517; and Darius Hyftafpes died in the following year.

Xerxes his fon fucceeded, who encouraged the Magian mafons, and deñroyed all the image temples, except that of Diana at Ephefus, in his vvay to Greece, with an army of five millions, and íhips innumerable.

Ahafuerus, called Artaxerxes Longimantrs, having married the beau- Bef, C⅛ tiful Jewefs, Queen Efther, became a favourer of the Jews. In the ^ιc* third year of his reign, he made a great feaft in his palace of Suza And, the drinking ivas according to the laiv, none did compel: For fo the king had appointed to all the officers of his houfe, that they floould do accord­ ing to every man's pleafure *. He appointed Ezra, the learned fcribe, to fncceed Zerubbabel in the direéfion of the craft; who built many fynagogues, as well in Jerufalem, as in other cities of Judea; and next to him Nehemiah, -who built the ñrong walls of Jerufalem. He for Bef, Cb, that pnrpofe divided his workmen into claffes, or more properly lodges, 455* and afligned to each of them the quarter vvhere they were to work, and their places of refreíhment; but referved to himfelf the reviewal and direéiion of the tvhole, in tvhich he laboured fo effeéiually as to compleat the work, notwithftanding the utmoft eñorts of his enemies, both within and without the walls, to retard his defign. While part of the craft were carrying on the building, the other ftood to their arms to defend them againñ any ftidden attack: all had their arms at hand, even while they worked, to be ready, at a fignal given, to draw together to any part, where the cnemy fhould be difeovered approaching to moleft them.

Darius Nothus gave leave to Sanballat, the Horonite, the friend and Bef. Ch, advócate of the Samaritans, to build a temple upon Mount Gerizim, 4o8* near Samaría, and fo far iníinuated himfelf into the favour of Darius, ' * Efther i. 8.

as

40

'-- .-- ‘

HISTORY

OF

MASON R Y

as to procure the high-prieñhood for Manafíes, his fon-in-law, and brother to Jaddua the high-prieft of Jerufalem. This temple ftood in fplendor till demoliíhed by John Hyrcanus, who levelled the city and temple with the ground; and compelled all the Idumseans to conform to the law of Mofes. After Nehemiah, the high-prieft of Jerufalem was ufually the provincial grand mafter of Judea, as well under the Perfians, as the Greeks and Romans.

Under Darius Ochus, Maufolus king of Caria, in Lefter Afia, died; which accident was rendered famous by the great grief which Artemifia, who was both his fifter and his wife, exprefied at his lofs. Beforc fhe Bef. Ch. died, fhe took care for the ereéting that famous monument for him at 353* Halicarnaflus, which was reckoned the fifth of the feven wonders of the world; and from whence all monuments of more than ordinary magnificence are called maufoleums. It was in length, from north to foutb, íixty-three cubits, in circuit 411 feet, and in height 140 feet, furrounded with 136 columns of moft admirable fculpture; and the fronts, eaft and weft, had arches feventy-three feet wide, with a pyramid on the fide wall, ending in a pointed broach, on which was a coach with four horfes of one marble ftone. All was performed by the four beft mafons of the age, Scopas, Leochares, Timotheus, and Briax.

After the ereólion of Solomon’s, or, as fome think, the fecond temple, the royal art was bronght into Greece, where the craft was encouraged to the utmoft, and geometry every where cultivated with uncommon induftry; many noble ftruótures were erecfted, which to this day íhew thcir former magnificence and grandeur; though many of thofe early performances of the Greeks in architeéfure have been loft in the ruins of time. Indeed, we read of Dedalus, and his fons, as imitators of the Egyptians and Phaenicians; of the little labyrinth in Crete, and the larger at Lemnos; of the arts and fciences early at Athens and Sicyon, Candia, and Sicily, before the Trojan war; of the temples of Júpiter Olympius, Efculapíus, &c.; of the Trojan horfe, and other things: but we are all in darknefs, fable, and uncertaintyi till the Olympiads; which began

I

N

G

R

E

E

c

E,

4*

began in the 34⅛ year Uzziah king of Judah, when fome of their A.M. 3228. bright men began to travcl. So that their moft antient famous build- Before ings, as the citadel of Athens, the court of Areopagus, the Parthenion, found. of R orne 28 or temple of Minerva, the temples of Thefeus and Apollo, their por­ years. ticos and forums, theatres and gymnafiums, ftately public halls, curious Bef. C. 776. bridges, regular fortifications,fhips of war, and magnificent palaces, with their bei⅜ ftatues and fculpture; were all of them either at fir∩ ereóted, or elfe rebuilt, after the temple of Zerubbabel. For Thales Mllefius, their firíl philofopher, who originally brought geometry, with great improve- Bef. Clu’ ments, out of Egypt into Greece, died eleven years only before the 547∙ decree of Cyrus; and the fame year, Pythagoras, his fcholar, travelled into Egypt; while Pififtratus, the tyrant of Athens, began to colleél the firid library in Greece.

Pythagoras lived twenty-two years among the Egyptian prieñs, till A fent by Cambyfes to Babylon and Perita, where he acquired great 348°' knowledge among the Chaldaean Magians, and Babyloniíh Jews; and returned to Greece in the year that Zerubbabel’s temple was finifhed. j⅞ m.

•He becante not only the founder of a new religión, but likewife of an 3489 academy, or lodge of good geometricians; to whom he communicated as a fecret, * that invaluable propofition which is the foundation of all mafonry, of whatever materials or dimeníions, called by mafons his Heαrekα; becaufe they think it was his own invention.

After Pythagoras, geometry became the darling ífudy of the Greeks; and their learned men applied its principies to mechanical purpofes in general, as well as to operations in fíone or brick. And, as mafonry kept pace with geometry, fo, many lodges appeared, efpecially in the Grecian republics, where liberty, trade, and learning flouriihed; as at Sicyon, Athens, Corinth, and the cities -of Ionia, till they pcrfeóied their beautiful Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders.

From this time we date the ftrid unión between the free and the accepted mafons, which has fubfiíled ever lince in all regular lodges. * Ewclid. lib. I. prop. 47.

G

Greece

42

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

Greece now abounded with the beft architeóls, fculptors, fiatuaries, painters, and other fine defigners, moft of them educated at the aca­ demice of Athens and Sicyon; who infiruóied many arti∩s, and fellow crafts, to be the be∩ operators upon earth: ío that the nations of Afia and Africa, who had taught the Greeks, were now taught by them.

No country but Greece could now boaft of fuch men as Mycon, Phidias, Demon, Androcides, Meton, Anaxagoras, Dipaenus and Scyllis, Glycon, Alcamenes, Praxiteles, Polycletus, Lyfippus, Peneus, Euphronor, Perfeus, Philoftratus, Zeuxis, Apollodorus, Parbaíius, Timanthes, Eupompus, Pamphilus Apelles, Artemones, Sócrates, Eudoxus, Metrodorus, who wrote of mafonry, and the excellent Theodorus Cyrenseus, who amplified geometry, and publiíhed the art analytic, the mafier of the divine Plato, * from whofe fchool carne Zenocrates, and Ari∩otle the preceptor of Alexander the Great.

The Greeks rightly judging, that the proportions in architecHure íhould be taken from thofe of the human body, their painters and ftatuaries were e∩eemed architeñs: ñor could they have been fine paint­ ers without being architeéls. Henee it is, that feveral of thofe excel­ lent painters and philofophers are in the lift of antient architeñs: nay, they all openly taught geometry, and many of them praftifed mafonry.

They were generally at the head of the fraternity, highly ufeful to the fellow crafts, by their defigns and drawings, and bred them up able artifts: only by a law in Greece, no llave was allowed to learn the feven liberal fciences, vf- or thofe of the free born; fo that in Greece alfo they were called free mafons, and, in their many lodges, the noble and learned were accepted as brothers.

Bef Ch Alexander, king of Macedón, having overeóme Darius Codomanue 334∙ at the Granicus, and in the battles of Mus and Arbela, taking Tyre # Plato died A. M. 3656. B. C. 548.

+ According to the oíd conflitutions. Thefc are, 1. Grammar. 2. Rhetoric.

3. Logic. 4. Arithmetic. 5. Geometry. 6. Muñe. 7. Aftronomy.

and

I

N

G

R

E

E

C

E.

43

and Gaza, foon over-run all Egypt; poor Darius fled into Baílria, and was murdered by BeíTus, one of his own Generáis. After a continuance of 207 years, in him ended the Períian, and in Alexander began the Grecian empire. In one of Alexander’s drunken frolics, he burnt the rich and fplendid city of Perfepolis, which was truly a city of palaces in the beft ílile; but all its beauty and fplendor could not preferve it from the licentious ravages of this infolent difturber and common enemy of the human race; who, however dignificd by the epithet of Great, wili not be allowed to rank in the liñ of true mafons. * Neverthelefs, his architeéi, the renowned Denocrates before-men- Bef. Ch¿ tioned, prevailed with him to undertake fome grand defign, and to en- 332∙ courage the fraternity: he propofed to him to difpofe Mount Athos into the form of that prince’s ñatue, with a city in one hand, and in the other a large lake to water that city; but this great defign never took effeét. The ambition of Alexander prompted him to build a new city in Egypt, in a very convenient place over-againft the iíland of Pharos, which he called Alexandria, and which became the capital of that kingdom. It is remarked by Varro, that at the time of building Alexan­ dria, the ufe of the papyrus was firñ found out, and ufed in that city by the fellow crafts to draw their defígns upon, and for other ufes.

The papyrus is a fort of great bulruíh, growing in the marfiles of Egypt.

It runs up into a triangular ítaik to the height of about fifteen feet, and ufually a foot and half in circumference. The fialks may be feparated into thin pellicles or lamina; two of which being gummed or glued together tranfverfly, fo that the grain, or dire&ion of the Abres, crofíed each other, compofed a íheet of the paper ufed by the antients; and * No more than nineteen columns of the fplendid palace of Perfepolis, are now remaining ; each of them about 15 feet high, of fine Parían marble. The ruins of many other antient buildings are vifible in various parts of Perfia, but they fall very íhort of the elegance difplayed in the relies of Grecian architeAure.

G 2

which,

MISTO RY

44

OF

MASONRY

which, from the ñame of the ruíh that produced it, they called alfo

papyrus. * Beí. Ch. Denocrates was the archite<5⅛ of Alexandria, according to a plan 323' drawn by himfelf, which Alexander commiflioned him to execute, and which afforded ampie cmployment for the craft: but Alexander clofed his mad career by dying drunk at Babylon foon after; and left his overgrown dominions to be contended for by his ambitious generáis.

This city became the emporium of the world, and by means of the Red Sea, afterward furniíhed Europe and a great part of Afia, with the rich commodities of India. It ftood 40 miles wefl from the Nile, and i 20 north-weft from Cairo; and was rendered famous for the noble lighthoufe ereíled on the oppofite ifland of Pharos for the direéfion of ma­ rinera. Many of the materials of the oíd Alexandria were applied to building new Alexandria, now known by the ñame of Scandaroon: this by comparifon is but a mean town; while the remaining ruins of the original city adjoining, ftill preferve an inexprefifible air of majefly. Among the ruins in the neighboúrhood of the prefent Alexan­ dria, flands a fingle detached column of granite, diftinguifbed from all the reft by its fize, and by the ñame of Pompey,s pillar-, though Mr. Edward Wortley Montagu, who examined it with great attention, de­ clares from circumfiances, and in particular from a medal of Vefpafian, which he aflores us he dng out from a decayed part of the bafe, his belief that it muft have been ere<fted in honour of that emperor. By the meafurements taken by that gentleman, the pedeftal is 10 feet 5 inches high, the diameter of the íhaft 9 feet 1 inch; and the whole hcight from the ground, 92 feet. There is an infeription on the weft * fide of the bafe, but fo injured, not only by time but by evident marks of violence, that though íbme Greek charaéfers may be imperfeéily traced, no one word can be even conjeélured -j*. Had it not been for * Pliny’s Nat. Hift. B. xiii. ch. u. 12.

Pιij>cr.

See alfo Chambers’s Cyclopaedia, art.

t Philofophical Tranfadions, vol. Ivii. part 1. for the year 1767.

tħ(⅞

I

N

E

G

Y

P

T.

45

the frolic of fome Engliíh captains of vefléls in the port of Alcxandria, a few years lince, we íhould not have known that'there had been originally a ftatue upon this pillar. Thefe jovial fons of Neptune, not fatisfied with the liquor they had been drinking on board one of their íhips, formed a fudden refolution to drink a bowl of punch on the top of Pompey’s pillar; and the aftoniíhed Turks thronged out of the city on the rumour of what was going forward, to fee the refult of this ftrange freak ! By flying a paper-kite over the top of the pillar, and letting it fall on the other fide, they lodged the ftring upon the capital; and thus drew over a two-inch rope, for a failor to afcend by; and in lefs than an hour a kind of íhroud was conftrtxfted, by which the vvhole company went up, and drank their punch amidft the íhouts of the multitude afíembled below. They found the capital of the pillar able to contain eight perfons very conveniently; and in the middle, faw the remaining ftump of the leg of fome ftatue which had probably fallen down many ages ago *. * Irvine’s Voyage up the Red Sea, 4t0, j780,

C H A P.

HISTORY

OF

C H A P.

MASONRY

VI.

State of Mafonry from Grand-maβer Seleucus Nicanor to the death of Herod the Great.

Nicanor proved an excellent grand mafter; he founded the great Seleυcia on the Euphrates for his dcputy on the eaíl, and in the weft he built his ftately capital city Antioch in oíd Syria, with the grove of Daphne, a facred afylum: in the middle of which he reared the temple of Apollo and Diana, thoυgh it became afterward the temple of Venus and Bacchus; and alfo the lefTer cities of oíd Syria, as Apamia, Beraea, Seleucia, Laodicea, Edcíla, Pella, δcc.

Bef. Ch. Bu* Mafonry flourifhed moft in Egypt, * where the Grecian archi30+∙ te&ure was highly admired, and where Ptolemy Soter, another of Alexander’s generáis, had fet up his throne. Euclid, the famous geometer of Tyre, who had in his travels colled¾ed the ícattered elements of geometry, carne to the court of Ptolemy Soter, and was by him encouraged to teach that noble fcience; efpecially to the children of the great lords and eñates of the realm, who, by continual wars and de­ cay of the fciences in former reigns, were reduced to the want of means to get an honourable livelihood. For this purpofe, fays an oíd record of mafonry, ‘ Euclid having received commiíTion, he taught ‘ fuch as were committed to his charge, the fcience of geometry in e pra&ice, to work in ftone all manner of worthy work that belongeth ‘ to building of altars, temples, towers, and caftles, and all othcr mane ner of buildings, and gave them a charge in this form : “ Firft, That they íhould be true to their king, and to the lord they Cí ferve, and to the fellowfliip whereof they are admitted: and that eleucus

S

* Sec an Account of the Pyramids, &c. p. 12.

I

N

E

G

Y

P

T.

“ they íhould be true to, and love one another: and that they íhould “ cali each other bis Fellow or Brother; not fervant, ñor knave, ñor “ any other foul ñame: and that they íhould truly deíerve their pay “ of their lord, or the mai⅛er of the work, that they ferve. “ Secondly, That they íhould ordain the vviíeft of them to be the mañer of the work; and neither for love ñor lineage, riches ñor <c favour, to fet another that hath but little cunning to be mafter of the *t lord’s work; whereby the lord íhould be evil ferved, and they aíham“ ed: and alfo that they íhould cali the governor of the work ma“ ñer, in the time that they work with him.” * And many other charges he gave them that are too long to relate; t and to all thefe charges, he made them fwear a great oath, that men * ufed at that time. ‘ And he ordained for them a reafonable pay, whereby they might * live honeftly; and alfo that they íhould come and aflemble together * every year once, to coníult how they might work beft to ferve the * lord, for his profit, and to their own credit; and to correó!, within * themfelves, him that had trefpafled againíl the cra.ft. t And thus was the craft grounded there; and that worthy clerk ‘ Euclid gave it the ñame of geometry, which now is called mafonry.* He accordingly digefted his elements of geometry into fuch order, improved and demonftrated them fo accurately as to have left no room for any others to exceed him in that fcience; for which his memory will ever be fragrant in the lodges. According to the oíd conílitutions, Ptolemy, grand mafter, with his wardens, Euclid the geometrician, and Straton the philofopher, built his palace at Alexandría, and the curious mufeum or college of the learned, with the library of Bruchium, near the palace, that was filled with 400,000 manufcripts, or valuable vo­ luntes, before it wás burnt in the wars of Julius Caeíár.

Ptolemy Philadelphus fucceedcd his fathcr in the throne, and in Solomon’s chair: and in his fecond year he carried on the great tower of

47

4«

H IS TO RY

OF

MAS ONRY

of Pharcβ, foυnded by his father, * tlie íixth of the fevcn wonders of art, built on an iíland, as a light-houfe for the port of Alexandria, (whence light-houfes in the Mediterranean are called faros) a piece of amazing architeóture, by the care of his grand wardens Deriphanes and his fon Softratus : the father built the Heptaíladium or mole, for joining the iíland to the continent, while the fon reared the tower.

Philadelphus founded the city Myos Hormus on the Red Sea for the Eaíl-India trade, built the temple of the Zephyrian Venus in Cíete, Ptolemais in Paleíline, and rebuilt oíd Rabbah of the Ammonites, calling it Philadelphia. Nay, he was fo accurate an architeóí, that for a long time all fine mafonry was called Philade!phian, or after the ílyle of Philadelphus.

Bef. Ch. Ptolcmy, the fon of Philadelphus, called Euergetes, fucceeded, and a46∙ was the laft good oíd grand-mafter in Egypt: his wardens were his two learned librarians, Eratofthenes of Cyrene, and Apollonius of Rhodes. The library of Bruchium being nearly full, he ereóted another at Seraphium, which intime contained 300,000 manufcripts; and Cleopatra afterward addcd 200,000 more from the library of Pergamos, given to her by Mark Anthony. But all this vaíl library was burnt by the ignorant, ftupid, and bigoted Saracens, when they took the city of Alexandria, to the irreparable lofs of the learned. It had often been rifled on the revolutions and commotions that happened in the Román empire; yet was as often repaired and repleniíhed again with íts full number of books, till this its final deñru&ion; which happened as follows: λ d When Alexandria was taken and plundered by the Saracens, Jo642. hanncs Gramrnaticus, the famous Ariñotelian philofopher, being then # Some prefer to this, the great obelifc of Queen Semiramis, 150 feet high and 24 feet íquare at bottom, all of one ftone like a pyramid, that was brought from Armenia to Babylon ; alfo an huge rock cut into the figure of Semiramis, with the fmaller rocks by it in the íhape of tributary kings ; if we may believe Cteíias, againft the authority of Berofus and Ariñotle : for íhe is not fo antient as is generally thought, and feems to be only the Queen of Nabonaflar.

I

N

E

G

Y

P

T.

Iiving at Alcxandria, and having much ingratiated himfelf with Amrus Ebnol As, the general of the Saracen army, and, by reafon of his great learning, made himfelf acceptable to him, he beggedof him the royal library; to this Amrus replicd, that it was not in his power, but was wholly at the difpofal of the caliph, or emperor of the Saracens, to whom he would write about it. The caliph returned for anfwer, that if thofe books contained what was agreeable to the Koran, there was no need of them, for that alone was fiiffícicnt of itfelf for all truths; but if they contained what diíagreed with the Koran, they were not to be endured: therefore he ordered, that whatfoever the contents of them were, they íhould all be deftroyed. They were accordingly dillributed among the public baths, and ferved as fuel for fix months to heat all the baths of Alexandria; which fhews how great the number of them was, and what an ineflimable treafure of antient learning was devoted to deftruéiion, for a contemptible quibble generatcd by barbarous zeal founded on ignorance 1 .

When Egypt became a Román province, the antient learning and pe­ culiar genius of the narives funk under the military power and manncrs of theír conquerors; and was totally extinguifhed when the furious narrow-minded followers of Mahomet over-ran the country: ir therefore at prefent exhibits nothing but a depraved race of wretched inhabitants Iiving among the fad ruins of works too ílupendous evcn for the ravages -of time and conquerors to deftroy; and which only exif⅞ to fhew what the Egyptians once were, and how low human nature can degeneratc!

We íhall therefore leave the melancholy fcene, and útil ovcr to the Helleípont, where in the iíland of Cyzicus, there was once to be fceti a fuperb temple, with threads of beaten gold in the joints of the marble ítones, that caft a fine liiftre on all the llames and images; and the curious eccho of the feven towers at the Thracian gate of Cyzicus; with the large Bouleutorion or town houíe, without one pin or nail in the carpenters work ; fo that the beams and rafterscould be taken off, and again ,put on, without laces or keys to bind them.

H The

+9

5°

KISTO R Y

0F

MASONRY

Bef. Ch. The Rhodians employed the famous architeól, Chares, of Lindüs,3oo' to ereót the great ColoíTus, at Rhodes, which employed him and his craftfmen for twelve years. It was eñeemed the laft of the feven wondcrsof art, and the greateft human ñatue under the fun, to which, it was dcdicated. It was 70 cubits high, and duly proportioned in every part and limb, ftriding over the mouth of the harbour which was 50 fathoms wide; and capable of receiving the largeft fhips under fail: in one hand it held a light-houfe for the direótion of mariners, and the face of the coloíTus was a reprefentation of the fun, It was thrown down by an earthquake, after it had flood 66' years, and lay where it fell 894 years more; till at length, in the year of Chrift 672, Moawias, the fixth caliphofthe Saracens, having taken Rhodes, fold the brafs to a Jew merchant, who loaded with it 900 camels: allowing thereforc only 800 pounds weight to every camel’s burden, the brafs of this coloíTus, after the wafte of fo many years, by the corrofion of the metal, and occafiónal embezzlcments, amounted to 720,000 pounds weight!

The Grecian iflands, at prefent held in fuch a diípirited date of fubjedlion under the haughty Turks, exhibit the moít convincing evidences of antient profperity and vigorous cultivation of the polite arts; by the multitudc of magnificent ruins yet fcattered about them. Thefe remains ñrike the curious traveller with the moft refpeólful ideas of the people capable of fuch rich and ornamental ñruótures. The iíle of Paros in particular, one of the moft confiderable of thofe called the Cyclades, is abundant in fuch mafonical relies; columns, ∩atues,. cornices, architraves of exquifite workmaníhip, are difcernible in great abundance in the walls of rnodern buildings, where they are laviíhed without tañe, and placed without any order or arrangement. There is an oíd cañle in the iíland, built with no other materials than ruins of the moft magnificent edifices. Paros was the native country of Archilochus, the Aretin of antient times; of Agoracrites, the difciple of Phidias; and of Polignotes, Arcefilas,. and Nicanor, who carried the art of

I

N

CARTHAGE. \----y—/

of encauftic painting to a coniiderable degree of perfección. This ifland is alfo famous for having furnifhed the Arundel marbles, which comprehend the principal epochas of Grecian hiilory, from Cecrops to Alexander; and which are juftly confidered as one of the moft noble literary ornaments of the univeríity of Oxford. *' While the Greeks were propagadng the fcience and the art in the very beft manner, founding new cities, repairiηg oíd ones, and ereéting ílatues beyond number, the Africans imitated the Egyptians, fouthward in Ethiopia down to the Cape of Good Hope; and alfo weílward to the Atlantic íhore ; though hiílory fails, and no travellers have yet difcovered the remains of thofe many powerful nations. Only we know that the Carthaginians formcd a republican ftate long before the Romans; had built fome ftately cities and ftrong -caftles, and made their great capital Carthage the terror of Rome, and her rival for univerfal empire. They manifeíled their íkill in geometry and mafonry of all forts, in temples, ftatues, palaces, forts, and ftout íhips that carried on the chief trade of the known world: therefore the emulous Romans long meditated its deílrucCion, according to a current proverbial maxim among them—Delenda efí Carthago! Carthage mufi be demoli/bed-, which, after long and ftrenuous efforts, they at length accompliíhed.

Thus Hannibal, their greateft general, who fo long withftood the Román arms, in his retreat from Carthage to Armenia, íhewed his great íkill in drawing for Ring Artaxes the plan of the city Artaxata9 and furveyed the palace, temples, and citadel thereof.

The learned Sicilians, defcended from the Greeks, followed their inítruéiions in architeéfure very early, at Agrigentum, Mef∏na, Gela, &c. efpecially at Syracufe: for when that city was befieged by fhe Ro­ mans, as being an ally to the Carthaginians in the fecond Punic war, ¡t was 22 miles round; and Marcellus could not ílorm it, becaufe of * See the Count de Choifeul’s maghificent publication, ¡ntitled Voyages Pittorejque

di~ia~(if(ce. París, 17.78, tt

ann.

H 2

the

5*

A. M.

212.

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

thc ama21'ng devices of that íkilful mechanic and engineer Archimedes, * who appeared to counter-aéí the approaches of the aíTailants by fupernatural powers. The relations tranfmitted down to lis of his fchemes to deftroy thcir fhipping, are almoft incredible. He is faid to have contrived a fpeculum, or reflecfting mirror, of fuch power, and with fhefocus at fuch a diftance, that he fet the Román gallies on fire by the rays of the fun. ∙f∙ Againft the vefiels which carne clofe under the walls, he prepared a formidable kind of lever or crow, with an iron grapple at the end, fañened to a ftrong chain: this being proje<fted over the wall, and let down upon the prow of a veífel, faftened hold of it; and being then raifcd up by a counterpoife within the wall, lifted the veífel upright, endwife upon her poop ; when letting it drop fuddenly, the veífel, as if it fell from the wall, daíhed down into the fea, and filled with water, to the inexprefíible terror of the mariners 1 But though he thus defeated the efforts of the Romans by fea, they were more fuccefsful in their attacks by land; for, after a fiege of three years, by feizing an ill-guarded tower, the city was taken by furprife on a feftival day. Marcellus gave a ftriót charge to fave Archimedes; but a common foldier ílew him, while not conícious of the uproar, this learned man was abñrañed in mechanica! ípeculations on fchemes to repulfe the Romans, and preferve Syracufe. Marcellus generouíly íhed tears for him as a public lofs to the learned, gave him an honourable burial, and granted his proteéUon to every one who could claim affinity to him §. * He was nearly related to King Hiero, and was called by oíd mafons, the noble and excellent grand mafter of Syracufe. He wrote many fcientifical treatifes, of which fome are ftill in being. + It is probable that the celebrated M. de Buffon availed himfelf of the accounts given of this furprifing mirror, in conftrudting his fpeculum compofcd of 168 littl-e plain mirrors, which would fet wood on fire at 209 feet diftance ; melt lead at 120 ; and filver at 50 ! Dutens's Inqtary into the Origin of the Difcoveries attrihutcd to the ΛTederns. § An ampie account of this famous fiege, may be íéen in Hampton’s tranflation of Polybius. "

Many

I

N

E

G

Y

P

T.

53

Many of the Grecian, Carthaginian, and Sicilian mafons had travcllcd into the north and weft of Europe, and propagated their ufeful íkill, particularly in Italy, Spain, the Balearic i∩ands, and the coaft of Gaul; but hiftory fails, till the Román armies carne there : ñor have \ve certain accountsof the Chinefe and other Eaft-Indians, till the Europeans navigated thither in thefe later times; only the wall of China maltes a figure in the map, thotigh we know not yet when it was built: but their great cities and fplcndid palaces, as defcribed by travellers, evidently difcover that thofe antient nations had long cultivated arts and fciences, efpecially geometry and mafonry.

Hitherto we find that mafons, above all other artifls, have diflinguiíhed themfelves in the moft confpicnous manner; and been the favourites of the eminent, who wifely joined the lodges for the better conduéling of their various undertakings in architeélure. From Sicily we pafs into Italy, to trace the improvements of the Romans, who, originally little better than a neft of robbers, for many ages affeéied nothing but war; till by degrees they learned the fcience and art from their neighbours. But, in the mean time, the Hetrurians, or Tufcans, originally invented and ufed their own Tufcan order, * before thcy learned the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders from the Greeks; and the royal art becamc confpicuous under their king Porfenna, who built a ílately labyrinth, not inferior to that of Lemnos, and the higheft maufoleum on record.

The Romans were as yet only engaged in extending their fmall territory by fubduing their neighbours in Italy; and their tañe was very * Order in architefture, implies a fyftem of proportions and ornaments which are difcoverable in the cohimn with its bafe and capital; furmounted by an entablature, confiíling of architrave, frieze, and cornice ; and fuílained by a pedeftal. All thefe members have their peculiar charaflerillics in each order, which cannot mix or infer­ iere, without producing confufion and deformity. Of thefe orders, three appear by their ñames to be of Grecian origin : the Tufcan, as already obferved, was formed in Tufcany in Italy ; and the fifth order was afterward compofcd by the Romans out OÍ the other four, and henee is called the Compofite order.

low

54 A. M 372'A. R.

475-

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

low in every thing but arms; until Turrenus, the laft king of the Tüfcans, bequeathedhis kingdom to the Romans, in the íixth year of Philadelphus, while Pyrrhus diftrefled Italy. The Tufcans had built many fine ftrong places; and now their difciples were invited to Rome, and taught the Romans the royal art-; though their improvements were not confiderable, till Marcellus triumphed in the fpoils of Syracufe, upon the death of Archimcdes. Bccoming then a ,patrón of arts and fciences, he cmployed his fellowcrafts to build at Rome his famous theatre, with a temple to Virtue, and another to Honotir.

It was not tintil the Romans were enabled to carry their arms inte the more polifhed nations in the eaft, that they brought home a tafte for fciences and elcgant arts. Thus, when Scipio Afiaticus led them againft Antiochus Magnus king of Syria, and took from him all the country weft of Mount Tatirus, they bcheld with aftonifhment the beauties of the Crecían and Afiatic architeéltire, ftanding in full fplendor, which they refolved to imitate; and continued improving, till Scipio Africanus, who had always a fet of the learned attending him as their patrón, took the great rival of Rome, Carthage, which he demolifhed, againft his own inclination, by command of the fenate; while their conful Mummiusthe fame year facked Corinth, the wealthy queen of Greece.

Nothing can better illuftrate the crude conceptions the Romans as yet entertained of polite arts, than the ignorant ftipulation their vic■torious conful Mummius made with the mafters of the tranfports, by whom he fent to Rome, among his fpoils, fome exquifite paintings, fíatues, and other mafterpieces of Grecian workmaníhip—‘ that what‘ ever was loft, broke, or damaged, they íhould fupply their places with i others equally good.Γ—Both thefe generáis difplayed rich colle<ftions of portable works of art, which they acquired by their fwords; but the Romans at length grew wife enough to furniíh themfelves in a more laudable manner, by inviting home the moft able profeflors both of fciences and mcchanical arts. A∙fter which, fíately edifices began to rife

A

T

R

O

M

E.

rífe at Rome, in the fineft Grecian i⅛ile; as the famous palace of Paulas Emilius of the,bcft Phrygian marblc; the triumphal arch of Marius at Orange in Gaul, the three furprifing theatres of Scaurus at Rome, ¿Sr. the one held 80,000 people at íhews or plays. It had three fcenes or lofts, one above another, with 360 columns; the firft row of marble,. each 38 feet high; the fecond row was of cryílal, and the third of gilded wood: between the columns vvere 3000 ilatues of brafs. The other two theatres were of wood, fuflained on great axles, whereon they could be turned round, and joined in one great amphitheatre.

Sylla brought the columns of the temple of Júpiter Olympius from Greece, to adorn the temple of Júpiter Capitolinus at Rome ; after the oíd one, built by Tarquinius Superbus, was burnt; in whofe time Júpiter was only of clay, but was now of puré gold. Lucullus, the learned and brave, ereéfed a fine library, and a fplendid houfe with gardens, in the Afiatic ftile. Pompey the Great built a theatre that held 40,000 people at the íhews, near his palace, and his temple of Fliílory.

Thefe, and other great men, during the Román republic, much encouraged archite&s and mafons as their patrons; and in their abfence, the conful refident, or the high-ρrief⅜ of Rome, or the arch-flamin, or íome other great man on the fpot, thought it his honour to be the patrón of arts and fciences (what we now cali grand mañer), attended duly by the moft ingenious of the fraternity, till the republic was near its exit by the competition of Pompey and Csefar for pre-eminence in tyranny over their country. But Pompey being routed at Pharfalia, and murdered by the Egyptians in his fiight, the republic expired under the feet of Julias Caefar.

C≈far, now perpetual dióiator and imperator, was a learned geomettician, architcóf, engineer, and aflronomer. Being high-priefl, he called in the aiΓι∩ance of the beíl mathematicians and philofophers of his time, to fettle the Román calendar, which was thcn vcry irregular; not having been regulated fince the time of Numa, and then accord∙ ing

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

ing to vcry imperfeél ideas of aflronomical correétneís. The Julián calendar continued in ufe till it was again reformcd by Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582; which rcform, after being received by a great part of Europe, was at length adopted in Britain in 1752; and thus put an end to the almoft continual occafion of adverting to the diftinction betwixt oíd hile and new hile, in public and prívate tranfaóiions with foreign countries.

Julios Csefar. and his Iegions had built much in Gaul; and a.t Rome he raifed his great circes, three furlongs in length, and one in breadth, that held 260,000 people at the fhews; with his ftately palace, and temple of λzenusι he alfo ordered Carthage and Corinth to be rebuilt, about 100 years after they had been demolifhed. He had attained that fuprcmacy over the republic to which he fo ftrenuoufly afpired; but we cannot know certainly the ufe he intended to make of the plenitude of power he poffcffed, becaufc he was prematurely cut off by aflaflination A.M. in the fenate-houfc; at a time when this aót of treacherous violence, 3960. fo far from reftoring liberty to a worne-out republic, only left the place Csefar occupied, to be contended for again by a renewal of all the horrors of unprincipled ambition and civil difcord. But when, after a copious evacuation of the beft and moíl illuftrious blood in the fíate, fuprcme power once more centred in the hand of Oóbavius, afterward fo famous under the ñame of Auguftus, this proud miftrefs of the world became as truly the unrivalled feat of arts as of empire.

The death of Julius Csefar was foon followed by the conqueft of Egypt, the death of Cleopatra, the end of the Grecian monarchy; and the commencement of the Román empire, by the viótory Auguftus gained over Pompey the younger at Aéfium.

This illuftrious patrón of architeéfure, with his minifter Agrippa, Bcf. Ch. 29. ereftcd the great portico of the Pantheon, which has the following infcription on the frieze: M. Agrippa l. f. eos. tertium fecit.

This infeription has given rife to a general opinión that the whole of this

A

T

R

O

M

E.

this beautiful temple was of his ereólion; yet feveral antiquarians and artifts have concluded that the Pantheon exiíled from the time of the commonwealth.

Dion Caflius, in treating of the magnificence of Agrippa, fays, t And he alio finiíhed or perfeéled the Pantheonand Michael Angelo was perfuaded that the body of the temple, and the portico leading into it, were the work of three feveral architeóls; becaufe the roof, and the order which fupports it, do not correfpond with each other, and want much of that elegance and fymmetry fo ftriking in the por tico. The body of this temple, which was confecrated to all the gods, is round, or cylindrical, crowned with a dome; it is 144 feet diameter within, and of the fame height from the pavement up to the large aperture at the fummit, from which the building receives its light.

It is of the Corinthian order; and the inner circumference is divided into feven grand niches, wrought in the thicknefs of the wall; fix of which are fíat at the top, but the feventh oppofite the entrance is arched.

Before each nich are two columns of antique yellow marble, fluted; each of one entire block, the fineft in Rome. This grand temple, which is richly decorated, and is ftill in being, under the ñame of the Rotunda, fuffcred much in the deftruólion of Rome by the northern invaders; and ftill more by injudicious alterations and repairs, íncongruous with its original ílile, when it was converted into a Chriílian church, It was during the reign of Auguñus that the learncd Vitruvius be- Bef. Ch, carne the father of true architeñure by his admirable writing®. This 29' imperial patrón firft employed his fellow crafts in repairlng or rcbuilding all the public edifices, much negleóled, if not injured during the civil wars. He alfo built the bridge of Arminium; and at Rome, the temple of Mars the Avenger, the temple of Apollo, the gréat and fumptuous Forum, the palace of Auguñus, with fome lefler palaces ; the fine maufoleum, the accurate ñatue in the Capítol, the curious library, the Portico, and public walks for the people. The temples of Rome werefilled with the moft coftly ñatues; and that of Cleopatra, I of

58

*—t—>

HISTORY

OF

MASONR Y

of mafíy gold, brought from Egypt, was, with fome fatirical humour^ placed in the temple of Venus.

In thofe golden days of Auguftus, the patricians follow'ing his example, built above an hundred marble palaceξ at Rome, fit for princes; and every fubftantial citizen rebuilt their houfes in marble ∙τ all uniting inthe fame difpolition of adorning Rome ; whereby many lodges arofe and flouriíhed of the free and accepted mafons: fo that Auguftus, when dying, juftly faid, c I found Rome built of brick, but I leave it built ‘ of marble Γ Henee it is, that in the remains of antient Rome, thofe of his time, and of fome following emperors, are the beft patterns of true mafonry extant, the epitome of oíd Gj^ecian architeóture, now commonly e×prefΓed by the Augufianfilie-, in which arcunited wifdom, ftrength, and beauty. But before the death of Auguftus, we muft rea m turn into Judea; where the high-priefts of Jertjfalem had been provincial ^824. grand mafters under the kings of Egypt, at that. time fovereigns of the iSθ.Ch" Jews> Seleucus Philopater king of Syria feized Judea.

Antiochus Epiphanes, his fon, cruelly perfecuted the Jews till they were refeued by the valiant Afmonaen prieft Judas Maccabaeus: for long after Zerubbabel and Jeíhua the high-prieft, an ordinary prieft, called Afmonseus; appeared, not of the houfe of Jeíhua, but only of the courfe of Joarib, the great-grandfather of Mattathias, the brave prieft of Moden and father of Maccabaeus.

For the lineal fuccefibr of Jeíhua was Onias IV. (fon of Onias III» the laft good high-prieft) who, being deprived of his right by the Syrian kings, went to Egypt, where he got leave to build a temple at Heliopolis, like that of Jerufalem, for the Jews in Egypt and Cyrene, A. M. who were then more numerous and opulent than even thofe in Judea *. ¿ef5Ch But the Afmonseans, or Maccabees, fought their- way to pre-eminence 149. againft the Syrian kings, and alfo^obtained it as high-priefts and princes * This temple ftood 22.2 years, until A. D. 73, when it was deñroyed by the emperor Vefpafian.

®f

I

N

J

U

D

E

A.

of the Jews, during about 130 years, till Mark Anthony and O&avius got ti ιe fenate of Rome to create Herod the Edomite, or Idumean Jew, Ring of Judea in the Capítol; and, by the help of the Romans, Herod conquered Antigonus, and mounted the throne at Jerufalem.

He got rid of all the Afmonseans, made the Sanhedrim ufelefs, and fet up high-priefts at his pleafure. But with all his great faults, Herod became the greateft builder of his day, the patrón or grand mafter of many lodges, and fent for the moíl expert fellow crafts of Greece to aíliíl his own Jews: for, after the battle of Aélium, Herod, being reconciled to Auguftus, began to fhew his íkill in mafonry, by ere&ing a fplendid Grecian theatre at Jerufalem; and next built the ílately city Scba∩e, (fo called from Sebaños or Auguftus) formerly Samaría, with a curious little temple in it like that of Jerufalem. He made the city Caefarea the beft harbour in Paleíline, and built a temple of white marble at Paneas; the cities Antipatris, Phafaelis and Cypron; and the tower of Phafael at Jerufalem, not inferior to the Pharos of Alexandria, &c.: but his moft amazing work was his rebuilding of the temple of Zerubbabel.

Herod, being in full enjoyment of peace and plenty, formed a deíign of new building the temple at Jerufalem, whereby he thought he íhotild not only reconcile to himfelf the affeólions of the Jews, but alfo ereól a monument of lafting honour to his own ñame. The temple built after the return of the Jews from the Babyloniíh captivity, though an admirable building, 500 years being elapfed íince its ereélion, was greatly decayed, both by the length of time, and alfo by the violence of enemies. Herod propofed to build the whole temple a-new; but when, in a general aflembly of the people, he found them ftartled at the propofal; to deliver them from their fears, he afiured them that he would not take down the oíd temple, till he had all the materials ready for ereéling a new one in its place. Accordingly, he forthwith made βef. Ch» all manner of preparations for it; employing therein 1000 waggons ,9∙ fox carrying of the ftone and timber; 10,000 mafons, befide labourers,

I 2

to

6o

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

to fit all things for the building; and maríhalled them into lodges under iooo priefis and Levites, íkilful in all parts of architeélure, to fupervife and direól them in the work. Himfelf acfted as grand mañer, with his wardens, Hillel and Shammai, two learned rabbins of great reputation; and, in two years time, he had got all things ready for the building; when, and not before, he pulled down the oíd temple to the very foundatíon.

The foot-ftone of the new temple was Ievelled juft forty-fix years before the firft paflover of Chrifi’s perfonal miniñry; at which time the Jews told him, John ii. 20, Farty and Jix years hath this temple been in building-. for, although then forty-fix years had pafíed from the time it was begun, yet that part which was mofl properly the temple, that is, that which contained the holy place, the holy of holies in the eaft, and the porch in the weft, through which was the pafiage leading to Bef. Ch. both, were finiíhed at an amazing coft, in the íhort ípace of one year ?• and fix months, and the reft deíigned by Herod, in eight years more ; when the fraternity celebrated the cape-ftone with great joy, and in due form; and the king folemnized its dedícation with extraordinary pomp: for the day appointed for it, falling in with the anniverfary of his accefiion to the Jewiíh crown, augmented the folemnity.

A great number of mafons were continued at work for the carrying. on the out-buildings, all the time of our Saviour’s being here on earth, and for fome years after, till the coming of Gefius Florus to be governor of Judea; who caufed 18,000 mafons to be difeharged at one time, which gave great offence to the Jews. This was, perhaps, one caufe of thofe mutinies and feditions which at laft drew on the deftruólion of Jerufalem, and the temple with it; for it feems unjuíí to charge the mafons with being the fomenters of thofe diíhnbances, for want of employment, when all the Jews looked upon this behaviour of the Ro­ mán governor as Ievelled not only againft their temple, but their worfhip alio.

Jofephus

I

N

J

U

D

E

6l

A.

Jofephus* defcribes the temple of Herod, as a moft magnificent fabric of marble, fet off with the greateñ profufion of coftly decorations, and the fineft building upon earth, fince the days of Solomon; being much larger than the temple of Zerubbabel, befide the advantage of the Grecian hile, and the Corinthian order of architeéhire, with all its later improvements. It was not compleatly finiíhed, in all its apartA. D. ments, till about fix years before it was deftroyed.

64.

It was in the 26th year of the reign of Auguftus, when, after the conqueíl: of Egypt, the temple of Janus was fhut, as an intimation that all the Román empire was in peace, the Word was made fleíh, or the Lord Jesús Christ Immanuel was born, the Great Architeéf or grand maíter of the Chriflian church, After Solomon’s death 971 In the year of the Julián period 4710 4000 In the year of Rome 745 In the year of mafonry Before the Chriftian sera -fIn the year of Herod 4 34 King Herod died a few months after the birth of Chrift, and, notvvithftanding his vaft expence in mafonry, he died rich.

During the long reign of Auguílns the craft was well cultivated : worthy craftfmen were every where employed and encouraged, as well in Europe as in Afia, tiil his death, which happened at Ñola, in Carev∙ pania, after a glorious reign of forty-four years, # Book xv. chap. 14,

t Sce note, p.

C H A R

».

HISTORY

Ó2

OF

C H A P.

MASONRY

VII.

State of Mafonry from the Birth of Chriβ, and Death of Herod the Great, to the Deβruδtion of the Weβern Empire, and Introducen of the Gothic Sí ile in Λrchiteδhιre.

A.M.

5iberius, the colleague of Auguñus, having attained to the imJL perial throne, became a patrón and encourager of the fraternity.

r |

Under his reign the Lord Jefus Chrift was crucified without the walls of Jerufalem, by Pontius Pílate, the Román governor of Judea, and rofe again the third day for the juftification of all that believe in him.

Tiberius afterward baniíhcd Pílate for his injuftice to ChriíL The Auguftan ftile was much cultivated, and the expert craftfmen met with great encouragement; even Ñero raifed his own ftatue of brafs, 110 feet high, and built a moftfuperb gilded palace.

Vefpafian fent his gallant fon Titus to fubdue the Jews, and take Jerufalem; when a foldier, in the fack of the town, contrary to the orders of that generous conqueror, fet fire to the temple. Soon after this fad conflagration, the whole city was levelled with the ground, not one βone being left upon another∙, and the conqueror ordered a plough to pafs over the ruins thereof, as a teftimony of its irrecoverable ftate and final defolation, agreeable to the prophecies that foretold its deftruélion 1 A.D.70.

Vefpafian íhut the temple of Janus, and built the temple of Peace.

He raifed his famous amphitheatre, in which the rich Compofite order was firft ufed. He ordered the Jewiíh temple in Egypt to be demoliíhed, and died A. D. 77.

Upon the return of Titus from the overthrow of the Jewiíh nation, he caufed a triumphal arch, adorned with fplendid engravings and fculptures,

34.

UNDER THE ROMAN

EMPERO RS.

63

v-~

tures, to be built; and foon after, bis noble palaces, with tbe famoüs ílatue of Laocoon of one ñone.

Domitian built the temple of Minerva, and rebuilt that of Capitolinus, which he overlaid with plates of gold; and had all the columns cut out at Athens. He alfo built a palace more rich and grand than that of Auguílus, with ñately galleries in the portico, belide halls, baths, and beautiful apartments for his women. He died A. D. 63, fucceedcd by Nerva, who died in after he had adopted Trajan.

Trajan, by his warden, the renowned architeót Apollodorus, Iaid a A. D, wonderful bridge over the Danube, built a noble circus and palace, two ”4’ triumphal arches, and his famous column, that exceeds all admiration 5 being 128 feet high, and the afcent to the top of it by 123 ftairs, with forty-four windows. The aíhes of this emperor, inclofed in an urn, are depofited on the top of this ftately column; which is morever adorned with figures in bailo relievo, afcending in fpiral lines from the bafe to the capital; reprefenting the military atchievements of that emperor _ againft the Dacse. The Román columns were not raifed without fome myítical fignification, or hiílorical reference; and in this reípedt they followed the Egyptían mafbns; fome being monuments of Stability and EirmnefSj fome to commemorate noble atchievements; and others, captivity, reproachj and overthrow. Adrián repaired the public build- A. D. ings, and firíl built the Román rampart, in Britain, of carth covered 1^0* with turf, between the river Tyne and the Solway Firth, eighty miles in extent, to check the inroads of the Caledonians. This rampart not being fufficient to anfwer its purpofe, the Emperor Severus afterward built a wall of ftone, whofe remains are yet to be feen in Northumberland, where it is diftinguifhed by the ñame of the Piffs, wall. This wall was 12 feet high, and 8 feet thick, with cafiles and turretsat pro­ per intervals for guards and centinels to be within cali of each other, from one extremity of the wall to the other. Antoninus Pius raifed his A. D. curious column of white marble, 168 feet high, beíide 7 feet of the 1,59' pedeftal, now under ground ■ ■

Marcus Aurelius countenanced the ar- A. D« tifts; 17δ∙

¿4 A. D. 19r.

A. D. 306.

A. D. 336∙

A.D. .378∙

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

ti As; but Commodus, though educated with care by an excellent father, turned vicious; and, in his time, painting and fculpture began to de­ cline at Rome; though Caracalla afterward ereéted a íplendid circus.

Thus flouriíhed the royal art down to Conftantine the Great, who reared at Rome the laft triumphal arch of the Auguftan Aile ; for he removed his throne to Byzantium, which he named Conftantinople; and carried away all the portable monuments of art from Italy, and the beft artifts, to embelliíh his new metrópolis. * He built there many artful piles, forums, hippodromes, temples or churches, porticoes, fountains, a ñately imperial palace and fenate-houfe, a pillar of porphyry of eight ñones, about 87 feet high above the pedeñal, and the amazing ferpentine pillar with his equeftrian ñatue, &c, Conftans brought with him to Rome the famous architeél Hormifdas, the king of Perfia’s fon, who was juftly aftoniíhed at the antient ftructures and ñatues, and declared them inimitable: for now all the arts dwindled at Rome, as they flouriíhed at Conftantinople. Nay, the Chriftians, in zeal againft heathen idolatry, demoliíhed many curious things, till the Román empirc was partitioned between two brothers, Valentinian and Valens.

Valentinian was emperor of the weft at Rome; but this empire was foon engroffed by the eañern: Valens, emperor of the eaft at Conñantinople, was diftrefled by the Goths, and died without iíTue. To the empire of the eaft fucceeded Theodofius the Great, who gloried in being a patrón of all the defigners and operators, the fame as grand mafter; and loved them fo well, that by a law he exempted all the craft from taxation.

The northern nations of Europe, the Goths, Vandals, Huns, Aliemans, Herules, Sueves, Dacians, Alans, Franks, Gepidans, Saxons, Angles, Longobards, and many more, had gradually grown ftrong as * See Petrus Gyllius’s Λntiquities of Conjlantinof>le, tranílated into Engliíh, by Mr, Ball, 1729.

the

I

N

I

T

A

L

Y.

65

the Román power decayed, and inváded divers parts of the empire, even Italy itfelf; over-running the polite world like a deluge, with warlike rage and grofs ignorance, the enemies of arts and fciences.

But Theodoíius for a while checked their career, and eftabliflied himfelf fole emperor of the. eaft and weft. Unhappily he partitioned it again between his two ibas, Honorius and Arcadius; the latter of whom enriched the city ofConftantinople with many fuperb ftruélures, and a lofty pillar, with a fiigh tof ftairs in the centre of ¿t, 147 feet high.

Theodofius the Younger, alio, enriched the fime city with many fpoils of war from Greece, Egypt, and Afia; and employed the craft in repairing and ereéling additional works to the great church of Su .

Sophia.

Juftinian I. fupported the lodges of artifts or craftfmen, and reftored A. D. the Román empire to fome degree of refpeót. In puré zeal for the S2u∙ fciences, now in the extremeft peril of being loft, he fent his general, Belifarius, with a powerful army againft Totila, the Goth, who with a multitude of favages had taken oíd Rome, and fet it on fire l The city continued burning for thirteen days together; when about two thirds oí it was laid in aíhes.; and all muft have undergone the famc fate, but the daftardly crew were forced to fly on the approach of Belifarius. a. D. ’What they had demolifhed, foon brought on the deftruélion of the 547reft; fo that at this period may be fixed the total departurc of arts and learning from Italy and the weft; the Auguñan ftile, with all its improvements; the craft of mafonry, and the harmony of the lodges be­ ing fubverted. by Gothic ignorance, and forgotten !

Juftinian colle<fted the body of the civil law, or Codex 'juβiniamιs, a. D. ■which, by the judgment and induñry of Trebonian, and othercoadju- 5ij2∙ tors, was digefted inte the form we now have it: he alio expended thirty-four millions of gold, in rebuilding the church of St. Sophia, Avhich he intended íhould equal, if not excel, the temple of Solomon; but in vain. This emperor is reported to have caufed the eyes of Beli¿árius to be put out3 ojn a charge of being engaged in a confpiracy K againft

66

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

againñ him: and it ís added, that the oíd veteran general was afterward forced to beg at the great gate of St. Sophia, Date obolum BeliJarioi (juem vi) tus extulit, invidia deprej/it. * Many great and noble aélions were performed by Jufiinian; but all of them would not atone for his ingratitude to fo worthy a man, if the faól be true; but there is fome confolation in finding authors who difpute the worft circumftances of the ftory.

From this period the fcíences and arts began to decline apace in the caíl, as we have already obferved they had done in the weft. Bloody perfecutions and wars were for feveral ages carried on; moft of the emperors being murdered by their fuccelTors; with millions of other brutal adlions that degraded and difgraced the Chriñian ñame: their wickednefs did not, however, go unchafiifed ; for the Mahometans now be­ gan to be vcry powerful, and every where triumphed over their wretched and wicked opponents ; overthrowing with -fire and fword all the monuments of art in their way. Every thing that bad the leaft appearance of elegance, or of being dedicated to learned ufes, was doomed to immediate defiruólion; fo that arts and fcíences, with the craft of mafonry, now fuffered more in Afia and Africa than at any period of time before; and the Auguílan ∩ile in the eaít is therebyi1 in all probability, buried for ever in oblivion.

When the Goths, and thofe whom they conquered, began to affeft ftately buildings, their architeóiure, which probably they had but at fecond hand from the Arabs and Moors, was fo coerfe, that the greateft of their architeΛs knew nothing of jufi: defigning: they wanted both. heads and hands to imitate the antients; ñor could they do it for many ages. Yet, neither wanting wealth ñor ambition, they did their beft; and fo the more ingenious gradually drew together in focieties or lodges, * ‘ Give a halfpenny to Belifaríus, whom virtue had raifed, and envy depreíTed.’ •f Inthe ycar of our Lord 622, the Mahometans began, their aera called the Hsgira<, commcncing with the retreat of their prophet Mahomet from Mecca.

in

G O T H I C

ARCHITECTURE.

in imitation of the antients, according to remaining traditions not quite obliterated; and cultivated a ílile of their own, called the Gothic.

Authors diftinguifh two kinds of Gothic architeélure; antient and modern, with refpeót to each other. The antient is that which the Goths brought with them frorn the north in the fifth century ; and was probably no more than rude imitations of Román buildings, unaffifted by any knowledge of architeñonic principies. The edifices built in this ñile are exceedingly heavy and coarfe; their charaóleriílics are, that the walls are very thick, and generally without buttrefles; the arches femicircular, fupported by clumfy columns; with a kind of re­ gular bafe and capital. In íhort, plain folidity is the ñriking feature of this mode of building; though ornament was not whclly unattemptcd, as may be feen in fome remains of the oíd Saxon architeéiure ílill exiñing in this country.

The modern Gothic, or, as it fhould rather be called, the Arabefc, or Saracenical, was introduced about the tenth century, when pilgrimages and crufades to the Holy Land became fafhionable ; for thcre were no peoplc at that time known by the ñame of Goths. This improved flile ran into the other extream; being light, delicate, and rich to excefs: witnefs Weñminñer abbey, the cathedrals of Litchfieid and Saliíbury, the crofs at Coventry, &r. This laft kind continued long in ufe, efpecially in Italy; all the oíd cathedrals, from the thirteenth century to the reíloration of Grecian architeólure in the fixteenth century, being in this ftile. The marks which conílitute the charaóter of the modern Gothic, are its numefous and prominent but­ trefles, its lofty fpires and pinnacles, its large and ramified windows, its ornamental niches or canopies, its fculptured faints, the delicate lace work of its fretted roofs, and a profufion of rofes, crofles, and other ornaments lavifhed indifcriminately over the whole building. But its more peculiar charaóleriílic is, to fee lofty vaults of pointed arches raifed on Hender cluílered pillars, which, though they have ílood for ages, a timid fpeélator is in appreheníion of their tumbling every K. 2 minute 1:

67

68

HISTORY

O F

MASONRY;

minute 1 * The firft appearance of this Hile in our country, was toward the latter end of tbe reign of Henry II.; and henee it is, that our antient cathedrals and churches are in the modern Gothic. ∙f∙ About tbe time of Henry VIII. it began to decline, being fucceeded by a mongrel flile, in which the Gothic and Grecian are incongruoufly biended together.

Agreeable to a pofition advanced at the opening of tbis hiftory, the rudiments of art are to be fought in nature; a truth, which our great didaéiic poet has happily recommended to the attention of every defigner: ‘ To build, to plant, whatever you intend, ‘ To rear the column, or the arch to bend, * To fwell the terrace, or to fink the grot; ‘ In al!, let Nature never be forgot., |

Being * It is a known truth, that a femicircular arch will not fuftain its own weight, the crown cruíhing out the fides ; it depends, therefore, on abutment for fupport. The only arch, the bearing of which is true in all points of the curve, is the catenarias arch. If a flack chain or rope be fufpended by two hooks, the curve it falls into, is called the catenarian curve ; and this inverted, is the mechanical arch of the fame ñame. Such an arch, truly conñruñed, will ftand independent of any collateral aid whatever. Elliptical, or Gothic pointed arches, formed of two interfefting portions of circles, approach the catenarian curve, and generally contain it in the thicknefs of the materials; they are therefore naturally ílronger than the femicircular arch ; efpecially, when they exceed it in altitude : the incumbent weight on fuch an arch, fixing it fo firmly in its due bearing, that little or no abutment is required. Henee arifes our admiration at the lightnefs of fome lofty Gothic flruétures !—Sir Chriftopher Wren has furniíhed a direét illuftration of this doétrine, in the fteeple of the church of St. Dunftan in the Eaft ; fee p. 179.

t Unity of deíign is eífential in all undertakings ; and many of thefe venerable piles are now grofly injured by the intrulion of Grecian architeñure in altar-pieces, pulpits, organ-galleries, and other modern repairs and additions : a Gothic church thus decorated internally, wants nothing but the tower to be rebuilt in the ftile of a Chinefe pagoda, to claim the admiration of all beholders ! But deans, chapters, and churchwardens, are often bleíled with more money than tañe ; and artifts, whether with tañe or without, are well convinced of their obligation to obey the lords of the work.

I Pope.

GOTHIC

ARCHIT ECTUR E.

Being therefore now in poíTefíion of fufficient data, the fpeculative mafon will fcarcely be difpleafed at an invitation to paufe a little; to try if we cannot difcover the primitive ideas, or original models, on which architeófure was founded. Thefe data are the Grecian and Gothic Hiles, or, which are nearly the fame, the two Gothic Hiles; aíTuming the former of them for the rude infancy of the Grecian architedfure, and the latter as a Hile diHinguiíhed by peculiar characteriHics. The trunk of a tree prefented to the firH builders a column fafhioned by the hand of Nature; the fwell, where it expands into roots below, and a correfponding enlargement, where it parts into branches above, might fuggeH the idea of a bafe and capital; and by fuch columns, in all probability, were the primitive habitations of mankind fupported. The column being thus found, variation and ornament might be diétated by thofe fparry concretions fometimes obfervable in caverns. In fuch fubterranean recefles, when water, loaded with Hony particles, diflils from any part of the roof, it forms a petrifadfion hanging down like an icicle; while on the floor where the drops fall, a íimilar conical concrete rifes. If the roof be not too high, and if the operation be conñant, the two points at length meet, and, thickening at the junófion, imite into a column, which feems deíignedly placed for fupport; and the very irregularities of its form might aíliít invention in fluting, and other fanciful decorations.

The Grecian column being fuggeHed by the trunk of a tree, felled, and difmembered of its branches, fome bold gcnius, at the revival of architeófure, Hruck out a new defign, which was, to adopt the tree in full growth ; and, as far as the nature of the materials would admit, to imítate in flone thofe awful facred groves, wherein the heathen nations ufed to woríhip their divinities. Then it was that mankind faw cherches formed, as it were, by aflemblages of trees, whofe lofty interfeóling branches compofed a vaulted roof, with many ribs, angles, and points of junéfion,-where they met; light being received through windows of painted glafs, divided into compartments by fíone ribs, that meeting alio in

[67]

[68]

HISTORY

O F

MASONRY:

in anglcs, refembled the branches and Ieaves of an opening grove1 There was fublimity in the idea; and with what art it was executed, will appear from the long vidas in a Gothic cathedral, and of a clofe lofty grove, mutually exciting the recolleéiion of each other. * It has perhaps becn too much the faíhion to deprecíate the Gothic architeélure out of compliment to that of Greece and Rome : but, while the great age of many of our churches and collegiate buildings, juítifies the principies and proportions of the former, there appears no cali to facrifice the one to the other, as their merits are fufficiently diñinót for both to be received. Good defigns in either will be a fource of fublimity; but the impreffion will depend on the agreement of the i⅞ile with the purpofe of a building. It is not eafy in all cafes to define our feelings; and to attempt difcriminating the fublimity of architecture into fpecies, is perhaps an aft of temerity: but under this acknowledgment, the Greek architeciure appears calculated to elevate the mind to an admiration of beauty and magnificence; and the Gothic, to imprefs us with emotions of folemnity and awe 1 The cathedral of St. Paúl, in London, furprizes us, indeed, by the harmony and grandeur of the feveral parts of ib vaft an edifice; but that of St. Peter, in Weftminfter, ftrikes us, moreover, at the firíl entrance, with a reverential awe, that difpofes the mind to pious meditation, and offices of devotion. If there be any juftice in this diftinótion, the inference will be, that the ñve Grecian orders are beít adapted to civil purpofes ; and that the Gothic may rank as a fixth, peculiarly applicablc to ecclefiaftical firuótures, and might be termed—the Collegiate order. * The fincere thanks of the committee, the editor, and thofe of the fraternity at Urge, are due to Thomas Sandby, Efq. G. A. and profeífor of architefture to the Roya! Academy, for the afliftance received in this part of the work, by the very obligipg communication of his MS. Le¿ture en Geth'ie Arehiteílurc.

C H A P.

REVIVAL OF THE AUGUSTAN, &c.

C H A P.

69

VIIL

The 'Revival of Oíd Λrchitecture, or the Augufian Stile.

URING the dark ages of brutal violence and monkiíh fuperñi-

D

tion, that followed the deílruólion of negleóled Rome by northern ravagers; there are but few thinly fcattered defirable objeéis to engage our attention. The arts and artiñs were all either chafed away or extinguiíhed, by an ignorant race of lawlefs plunderers, whofe favage fiercenefs nothing but fuperfh'tion and bigotry could tame. As yet they were neither able to reafon themfelves, ñor even to judge of the reafonable of what might be propofed to them; and fo the monks had the Iabour and the honour of preparing fuch untraótable pupils for civilization; for they could not teach more than they aótually knew themfelves: it was not often their intereft to teachquite fo much! We are neverthelefs uñder greater obligations to the monks on another account than may at firft be conceived, or than even themfelves intend­ ed. Whatever relies of antient learning efeaped the general wreck, found an afylum in monaftic librarles; where, if the poffeflbrs were not always qualified to profit by the treafures they kept, they at leañ imputed a valué to them; and proved gpod ftewards in handing them down to times in which the languages they were written in, became the fíudy of the learned. But knowledge did not come within the reach of common people, until the art of printing unlocked the doors cf libraries; and, by multiplying the copies of books, became a fecuiity againft the rich literary legacies of former times being again fwept away by any general calamity.

It was the füperior genius of Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, a∙ d∙ king of France, who, about the clofe of the eighth century, reduced 11 the Longobards of Italy, and revived the weñern empire, that firft gleamed

7σ

A. D. 1013.

A. D. 1152.

A. D. 1174.

A. D. 1216.

A. D. 1298.

A. D. 1300.

RE VI VAL OF THE AUGUSTAN gleamed through the darknefs we havc been defcribing. He contributed his ftrenuous endeavours to reftore antient architeóture, kept up fome lodges, and gave great encouragement to the craft. The French made alfo very great progreís in the fame grand defign, under Hugh Capet. His fon Robert vigorouíly profecuted the views of his father; and by degrees oíd architeólure attained almoft as great an excefs of delicacy, as the Gothic had done before in mafiivenefs.

True mafonry began to revive again in Tufcany, where Bufchattoi the Greek, began a faint imitation of the antients in the church of St. John, at Pifa, and formed a new lodge there. II Buono made a farther progrefs therein at Ravenna, and built the fteeple of St. Mark, at Ven ice.

Oltromontano and Bonnano built the fteeple of Pifa.

Marchione of Arezzo raifed the marble chapel of Prefepio at St. Mary Majoré.

James the Germán built the firft fine edifices of Florence, whofe fon Jacobo Arnolpho Lapo, with the painter Cimaboius, defigned the cathedral of St. Mary Delfiore.

Charles of Anjou, king of Naples, was the firft prince that publicly encouraged the revival of the arts of defigning, by employing the faid Cimaboius and Nicholas Pifan to build an abbey in the plain of Taglia Cozzo, where Charles had defeated the pretender Conradin. John Pifan, fon of Nicholas, built for the king his new caftle of Naples; where this royal patrón of the revivers died. His fucceflors inriched the kingdom of Naples with learned architeóls and fplendid edifices.

Cimaboius, and the Pifans, educated many fine mafters and fellow crafts; particularly, Giotto the architeéf; till the Florentines arrived at a tolerable imitation of the antients, which was difeovered in all the parts of the church in St. Miniate.

Giotto, and his pupils, formed an academy of defigners, or a learned lodge at Florence; who, like thofe of oíd at Athens and Sicyon, enlightened

STILE 0F ARCHITECTURE.

7,

∏ghtened all Italy, by fending forth excellent coflnoifieurs and dexterous operators in all the arts of defigning. Andrew Pifan, one of them, was made a magiftrate of Florence; and many of them afterward flouriíhed at Pifa, Ravenna, Venice, Urbino, Rome, and Naples.

Laurentio Ghiberto, educated in the fame fchool, conduéted for fome time the raiíing of the faid St. Mary Delfiore, and framed the brazen gates of St. John’s; of which, long afterward, Michael Angelo faid in rapture, that they were worthy of being the gates of paradife.

Donatello next appeared, with Andrea Verrochio, the mafter of Piedro Perrugino and Leonardo da Vinci, prodigious men ! Alio Do­ mingo Ghirlandaio, the mafter of Michael Angelo and Maiano, and other fublime and profound architecfts.

But the Gothic ftile was not quite left off at Florence, where a a. D. learned lodge of defigners was eftabliíhed, till Brunelefchi, having 14oo∙ ftudied at Rome the beauty and juftnefs of the oíd Román buildings, there ftanding or proftrate, eftabliíhed the complete ufe of the Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Compofite orders; which event happened 853 years after the devaftation of Totila. This happy reftoration of the Auguftan ñile was alfo much owing to the princes of the houfe of Medicis; for John de Medicis, duke of Florence, became the patrón or grand mafter of the aforefaid lodge or academy : and his fon Cofmo I. educated in that fame academy, fucceeded his father as duke of Florence, and grand mafter of the revivers. He formed a fine library of the beft manufcripts brought from Greece and Afia, and a cnrious cabinet of the rareft and moft valuable things that could be gathered.

He eftabliíhed an extenfive commerce by fea and land, and juñly acquired the title of pater patria, the father of his country. Peter I. de A. D. Medicis upheld the lodge; but he was not fo eminent as either his fa- 1464,

ther or his fon.

John Julián de Medicis, the moft beautiful youth and the moft ex­ cellent connoififeur in architeólure in all Florence, was alfo an excellent operativo mafon. His grandfon, Laurenzo I. inriched the fame at a vaft expence,

7i

REVI VAL OF THE AU GUSTAN

A. D. i∙569∙

expence, and built a great gallery in his garden for educating the moft promifing youth, of whom Michael Angelo was his favourite. His fecond fon John, eleéled Pope Leo X. was grand mafter in rearing thc cathedral of St. Pcter at Rome. His confín Julius, afterward Pope Clement Vil. carried on St. Peter’s as grand mafter : and fo that whole family thought it their honour to encourage arts and fciences, and to promote the interefts of the fraternity, down to Cofmo II. created Grand Duke of Tufcany, who was the Auguftus of his day, as the patrón of true architeóhire.

Cofmo II. de Medicis, fucceeded Duke Alexander as abfolute duke of Florcnce. He inftituted the order of the knights of St. Stephen, 1561: Pope Pius V. and thc Emperor Ferdinand I. gave him the title of Great Duke of Tufcany. Pie was the chief patrón, or grand mafter of all the Italian defigners and craftfmen in architeólure, painting,

A. D. 1574∙

fculpture, ftatuary, carving, and plaiftering. He inftituted the famous academy, or lodge at Pifa, for the improvement of difciples and entered apprentices. He made fuch beautiful alterations in the buildings of Florence, that, like Auguftus when dying, he faid, £ I found the city £ built of brick and coarfe ftone, but I leaye it built of poliíhed « marble?

A- D-

After the revival of the Auguftan ftile in Italy, León Baptifta Al­ teró was the firft modern who wrote of architeólure ; and many excellent mafons flouriíhed in this fifteenth century: but more were born and educated, who proved the wonders of the world in the following age, and will be ever mentioned in the lodges with the greateft ho­ nour, for their improvements; as if the Auguftan age itfelf had revived, under \the generous encouragemcnt of the popes, princes, andl ftatcs of Italy, the patrons of the many lodges then conftituted.

Bramante, the learned monk of Urbino, ftudied mafonry at Milán under Caefariano; and, after having narrowly examined all the remains of the antients throughout Italy, was employed by three fuccefíive popes to build at Rome the cloifter of the church of Peace, the palace of

STILE OF ARCHITECTURE.

73

of the Chancery, and St. Laurence in Damafo.- He adorned many oíd churches with frontifpieces of his own defigning, built the pretty little St. Peter’s in Mount Orio, raifed fome buildings in the Vatican, and in the palace of Belvidere.

Pope Julius II. the learncd patrón or grand maíler of Rome, retain- A. R ed Bramante as his architeét and grand warden; and ordcred him, as 1^c∙,' maíler of work, to draw the grand deíign of St. Peter’s new cathedral in Rome, the largeíl and moft accurate temple now in all the earth: and the faid pope, with Bramante, led a folemn aflembly of cardinals, clergymen, and craftfmen, to level the foot-ílone of St. Peter’s in due A. D. form. Bramante conduóled that work feven years, till he died: he was lj'z'

buried in it by Pope Leo X. duly attended by his craftfmen.

Raphael of Urbino, the prince of painters, had learned mafonry of his únele Bramante, and fucceeded him in furveying St. Peter’s till he died, aged only 37 years, on his own birth-day, April the óth, 1520, when he was to have been made a cardinal by Pope Leo X. and with a univerfal mouming was buried in the Rotunda or Pantheon.

Jocunde of Verona and Antony San Gallo fucceeded Raphael at St. A. D. Peter’s, till they died; when Pope Paúl III. preferred to that office 1∙53^' Michael Angelo, the greateíl defigner of his time, and, in hislaíl years, the greateíl architeél; who, finding fault with San Gallo’s dratights, made a new model of St. Peter’s, accórding to which that lofty temple was finiíhed. This grand maíler, leaving bis warden Piero Ligorio at St. Peter’s, ereóled the new Capitolium, the palace of Farnefe, and other accurate ftruótures. He had before built the Maufoleum in St. Peter’s ad Vincula, with the curious ílatue of Mofes, the fine front of St. Laurence at Florence, by order of Pope Leo X.; the fepulchre of the houfe of Medicis, by order of Dulce Alexander, and the Apoflolical Chamber at Rome.

Michael Angelo certainly carried on mafonry to its higheíl perfcc- A.D. 1564. tion, till he died at Rome, aged 90 years, highly eíleemed by all the princes of Europe: and Cofmo, the Great Duke of Tufcany, fióle his L cornfe

74

RE.VIVAL 0F THE AUGUSTAN corpfe from Romc, rςfolving that fince he could not have Angelo ative^ he would have him dcad. He folemnly buried him in St. Crofs in Florence, attended by the fraternity; and ordered Vafario to defign his tomb, enriched with the three great marble ñatues of Architeólure* Painting, and Sculpture.

James Barozzi da Vignola fueceeded Michael Angelo at St. Peter’s* by order of Pope Paúl V.; but Ligorio, the grand warden, for altering, Angelo’s defign, was turned out by Gregory XIII. Vignola, befide his. accurate edifices at Rome and elfewhere, defigned for Philip II. of Spain, the famous Efcurial and St. Laurence, maíterpieces of art. He publifhed a book of the Orders ; and the beauty of his profiles is much admired. He defigned the church of Jefus at Rome, the caftle of Cap*taróla, the fide of the palace of Farnefe, next the Tiber ; and died. at Rome, aged 66.

Maderni fueceeded Vignola at St. Peter,s, and built the fiately frontil piece of that vaft temple, about the time that Pope Gregory correéled, the calendar, or bcgan the new ñile,. called from him the Gregorian. * Gregory dying 1585, was fueceeded by Pope Sixtus Quintus,.who employed Dominico Fontana in many curious buildings, and to move the Egyptian obelifcs into ptiblic places ereél: after which Fontana was chief engineer at Naples, and built the magnificent palace of the viceroy..

It is endlefs to mention the ingenious cotemporaries of thofe great. mafters, the other accurate revivéis and improvers of the royal art: fuch. as Baldafiare Peruzzi, who defigned and made the model of the palace of Chighi, and his difciple Sebañian Serglio; Julio Romano, the chief difciple of Raphael-, who built for the duke of Mantua, his palace of Delta;; Lombard of Milán; James Sanfovino, rccommended by Pope Leo X. to the Venetians; Jerom Genga who built for Duke Guido Baldo his palaces at Urbinoand Pefaro; Pcllegrino Tibaldi who built the great church of Milán, the dome of which was made by John James de la Porta; Sir * See p. s¡.

Baccio

STILE 0F ARCHITECTURE.

75

Eaccio Bandinelli, who was knighted by Pope Clement VII. for being a moñ excellent fculptor; Benvenuto Cellini; Daniel da Volterra who built St. Helen’s in the great church oí Trinity del Monte at Rome; Perrin del Vaga who built at Genoa the grand palace of Prince Doria; and was an inimitable plaifterer, a fine art then much in requeft.

At Venice alfo the revival was carried on ; for Jocundo of Verona, above-mentioned, built the fione bridgc, and ereéled the fiately gates of Verona.

When Charles V. befieged Rome, 1525, Michael Angelo retired to Venice, where the Doge got him to defign the famous bridge of Rialto.

James Sanfovino conftituted a lodge of architeéls, or mafiers, at Ve­ nice ; he artfully fupported the dome of St. Mark, then in danger, embelliíhed the palace and treafury, andfortified -thewhole republic as grand a∙ D mafter of mafons. But at Venice the Augtfftan fiile was alfo well im- 5 7

proved by the learned Vincent Scamozzi, Daniel Bárbaro, and the great Andrea Palladlo.

Palladió’s excellent genius was fully difplayed in facred cdificcs, palaces, and other buildings, throughout the fiare of Venice. He wrote alfo with great judgment of the orders óf oíd architctfiure, and of the temples of the antients; which is a noble monument of his merit. He died renowned in 1580.

Thusltaly became again the mifireís of the world; not for imperial power, but for the arts of defigning reftored from Gothic rubbifh: and from the firft revival, the mafons bogan to form new lodges, called by the painters, academics or fchools, as all true lodges ought to be; read leélures, communicated their fecrets and hints of knowledge ; and pcrformed all other good oíd ufages that are preferved among mafons to this day, and it may be hoped, will be to the end of time.

Upon the perfeóf re-efiablifhment of oíd architedure, the fraternity ■were not only engaged in raifing many great works, but their lodges ⅜vcre fupported and encouraged by many illuñrious perfonages becom-

REVIVAL OF THE AUGUSTAN, &c. ing brethren of the craft; which prcfaged them a happy profpeA of quietly enjoying their freedom down to many ages.

Here, then, the general hiftory of mafonry muft clofe ; it being im­ ponible even to enumérate the numberlefs ñruótures lince raifed in every part of the known world ! If the works of antient mafons furprize us by their magnitude, thofe of módem mafons are, though gcnerally upon fntaller fcales, equally aftonifhing in their numbers 1 The caufe of this difterence in their employments is fufficiently obvious. In very antient times, when the ignorant race of mankind were kept in flaviíh penury, fubfervient to the monarchs of extenfive empires; thefc defpots, when they conceived grand deíigns, could. inftantly command the labour of thoufands to carry them into execution, on their own terms. But now, when the rights of humanity are better underftood, and more freely enjoyed, monarchs muft ρurcħafe that labour which, happily, they can no longer extort; and are of courfe obliged, in common with their fubjeéfs, to fuit their defigns to their abilities of carrying them into execution. The fame caufe enables wealthy individuáis to employ the craft in ereóiing prívate houfes of all fízes and degrees of elegancc; which are now, more or lefs, ícattered through every part of Europe, and perhaps nowhere more freely, or in better ñile, than in our own iíland. The rcmainder of this work will be eonfined to the hiftory and ftate of mafonry in Britain; in which, though our view is much contraóled, every objeól will in proportion become more interefting.

CON-

CONSTITUTIONS OF THE FRATERNITY 4

O F

Free and Accepted P

A

R

T

M A S O N S. II.

Hiβory of Mafoíiry in Britain, from the Invafton of y’ulius Cafar, to the Λccejfion of yames I. to the Crown of TLnglanoC

C H A P.

I.

From the Time of fulius Cafar, to the lnvitation of the Saxons ititú Britain.

T

H E moft early hiñories of this country are fo incorporated

with fables, and perplexed with contrarieties, that authors agree not where to begin, or how to go on; fo as that the parts may conneδt together with any tolerable colour of probability. We are indeed told by monkiíh writers that Britain was firft peopled, and receiλ,ed its ñame from Brutus, aTrojan prince, the grandfon of √Eneas, who after many peregrinations fettled here; and before his death divided the ifland among his three fons. To Locrin, he gave Locria, now called England ; to Camber, Cambria or Wales; and to dlbanac the youngefl, the northern extremity of the iíland called from him Al­ bania, and afterward Scotland. We are farther told, that the Trojan race

73

H I S T O R Y 'O F

MAS ONKY

race of Britons built many towns; one of them, named Ebrank, commended for a very .great builder, is faid to have founded the cities of York and Edinburgh. His fucceffors in the craft are reported to have built Canterbury, Wincheíier, and Shafteíbury; with many temples to Apollo, Diana, &Z Ring Bladud is afíerted to have been bred at Athcns-; and from thence, returning a great mathematician and architeót, brought four philofophers with him, whom he placed at Starnford; which town he ereéled into a kind of univerfity. He alfo built Bath, anckproduced the hot ípríngs there, committing the confervation thcreof to Minerva: but prefuming to fly with artificial wings, he fell from Apollo’s temple in Troynovant; which, according to antient tradition, ftood on or near the prefent feite of St. Peter’s church in Weílminfter, and fo ended his days: But quitting thefe obfeure apocryphal legends, the earlieft materials that we daré appeal to relating to Britain are, the Commentaríes of Julius Cafar; which, as well on account of the abilities as the charaéfer of the illuftráous writer, are fully intitled to our confidence. Accord­ ing to Creía r’s defeription, we find that the native inhabitants of this iíland in his time, about eightecn centuries ago, bore a flrong refemblance in drefs and manners, to the prefent Tndians in North América !

But rude as thefe aborigines in Britain were, they, as well as their ncighbours in Gaul, had among them a moft venerable order of priefis called Druids, who poiΓefied all the leaτniηg then cuhivated: they had many of the ufes of mafons among∩ them, probably gathered from the Magians: they maintained the immortality of fouls, held their a∏emblics in woods and groves; which was aho the praclice pf the patriarchs: and what they taught was committed to memory, and not, on any ac­ count, allowed to be written. They were legiílators as well as priefis; determined all caufes, ccclefiafiical and civil; taught philofophy, añrology, politics, rites and ceremonies, and poetry; and in fongs recommended the heroicdeeds of great men, to the imitation of pcfterity.

But

IN

ANTIENT

BRITAIN.

But however barbarous the inhabitants of Britain might be at the time when Caefar firft explored the coaft, there are remains of antient mafonry ftill exifting in different parts of the iíland, particularly that named Stonehenge on Saliíbury plain ; fo ftupendous, and at the fame time fo very unlike any ftile of building either the Romans or their íiicceíTors in this country ever praéliced; that we are obliged to refer them to ages far remote, even from the Román invafion. When we refle<ft on the amazing pyramids of Egypt, already defcribed, and on the vitrified forts lately difcovered in Scotland, which will be mentioncd in their proper place; it will not perhaps appear improbable to fuppofe that the rude natives encountered by Caefar, were altogether unequal to the conftruótion of fuch enormous piles of ftone, and mighr have been as utter ftrangers to the builders, or to the purpofes of their ereólion, as we are at this day!

Stonehenge being conftruéted in an age prior to aIΓ Engliíh hiftory, and every thing wrote concerning it by antiquarians, refting on no furer ground' than conjeture; the only proper place for defcribing fo fingu* lar a mafonical phcenomenon appears to be at the commencement of*thc maíbnical hiftory of Britain. This venerable monument of antient eonftruétion ftands upon the Downs, about fix miles north-weft from Saliíbury; the appearance even at half a mile diftance is aweful; it is fituated near the fummit of a gentle hill, and upon advancing up the avenue on the north-eaft fiderthe extent of the contour filis the eye in an aftoniíhing manner 1 The plan, when entire, confiíled of two circles and two ovals refpeélively concentrical, including an area; the exterior circle being 180 feet mdiameter. This circle was formed by 60 finglc ftones ftanding upright at three feet and a half diftance from each cther; and conneóted at the top by over-tliwart ftones, with tenons ítted to mortices in the uprights, to keep them firm in their places.

Thefe uprights are amazingly large, meafuring two yards in breadth, ene in thicknefs, and feven in height; tapering fomewhat from the

79

8(3

H IS TORY

OF

MASONRY

ground upward: of thefe uprights feventeen are now ñanding, with five impoñs upon thein. The lefler circle, which never had any impofts over them, is fomewhat more than eight feet within the other, and coníiñed of forty fmaller ñones, leaving a circular walk between the two rariges: thcre are only nineteen of this circle remaining. The ñones which compofe the ovals form an area, which is called the ady∙ tum, or cell; and thefe alfo are upright, with impoñs over them: of thefe there are fivc remaining, three of which are entire; and there are ninc in a ruinous ñate. Toward the upper end of this adytum, lies what is fuppoféd to have been the altar, a very large ftone of .coarfe bine Derbyíhire marble; at prefent fqueezed into the ground, by the weight of ruins upon it. The number of ñones remaining of this famous temple is 140. The whole is inclofed in a circular ditch, ñill to be traced; and when a fpctñator is among thefe ruins, the yañ ñones ñanding and fallen in all direélions, the ponderous impoñs aloft, the chafms of íky between, exhibit as it were the bowels of a mountain turned infide outl Aftcr all the deferiptions that have been gíven of, and diflértations upon, this celebrated monument of antiquity, nothing fatisfaófory has been determined about it. It has exercifed the pens of antiquarians from tlte indefatigable Leland down to the enthufiaftic Dr. Stukeley, who was capable of many extravagant conceits on favourite points of antiquity. Iñigo Jones conceived it to be a Román temple ; but furely nothing can be more remote from the corrcél ftylc of Román workmanfhip, than the rude fublimity difplayed in this vaft pile 1 Stukeley de­ termined it to be a Druidical temple; but the worfhip of the Druids was celebrated, and their aflcmblies held, in facred gr<rυes.

Monuments of a like kind with Stonehenge, but upon far inferior fcalcs, are met with in Cumberland, Oxfordñiire, Cornwall, Devoníhire, Marlborough Downs, and other parts of England, as well as in Scotland, and the iñes.

Jrt

IN

ANTIENT

BRITAIN.

In the neighbourhood of Stonehcnge there are many regular cir­ cular hills, called barrows; feveral of which being dug into, appear to be fepulchral tumuli, wherein the ancient Britons depofited their A. M. dead, and afterward raifed thefe mounts to their memσry. ⅜ef⅞h.

Csefar landed on the Kentiíh fhore, betwixt Deal and Dover, on the 5526th of Auguft; but did not reach London till next year, when he landed a fecond time: ñor did he tv en then purfue his conqucfis, becaufe his attention was engaged in ufurping a íbvcreignty over the Ro∙ A. D. man republic.

42’ . The empire was afterward fo diñraóied with civil wars, that the Romans did not refume any hoílile intentions againfl Britain, till Aulus Plautius carne from the Emperor Claudius, who was encouraged to attempt the conqueft of the country by Bericus, a Britiíh fugitive. After­ ward Claudius carne himfelf, conquered the Britons, and acquired the ñame of Britannicus: he then fent feveral Román lieutenants, who íoon formed lodges for building caftles and other forts, to fecure their conqueñs. About the year of Chrift 77, the Emperor Vefpafian fent his brave lieutenant Julius Agrícola, who conquered as far as the ifthmus, between the firths of Clyde and Forth; which he fortified by 1 wall of earth againft the Pióls, a barbarous people, who from the north difturbed the new fettlers, and their friends, with continual inroads, plunder, and murders. Befide his military operations, Agricola’s at­ tention was engaged in foftening the rough difpoíition of the Britons, and inftilling into them a delire to adopt the manners of the Romans: ñor was his labour beñowed in vain. Britain foon after began to be adorned with flately temples, noble porticos, and many fine ílruñures both public and prívate; in a far different tafte from what had been hitherto feen. The Britiíh nobles even prided themfelves in fpeaking ■the Látin tongue, to which, a íhort time before, they had been utterly averfe. They drefied themfelves alfo in the Román manner; and, in brief, as Tacitas obferves, were brought to efteem, as politenefs and ¿good breeding, what was only a badge of their ílavcry.

M

Agrícola

82

A. D.

A. D.

⅜

λ P 207.

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

Agrícola made feven compaigns here, and gave a finiíhing blow to the liberty of the Britons. By his prudent conduót no lefs than by hia valour, all that part of the iíland lying fouthward of the two firths, was reduced to a Román province: as to the northern parts, they were lefs to the inhabitants as a wild uncultivated country, neither worth conquering ñor keeping; ftrong garrifons only were placed in fortrefíes built on this fide of the firths. The lofs of a favage liberty was in a great degree compenfated to the Britons, by the great alteration for the better in their manners and cuftoms. In a íhort time, they were feen to relinquiíh their rude habits, and affume the politenefs of their conquerors: arts and fciences little attended to before this revolution, flou∙> riíhed among them as much as in any other part of the Román dominions. In a word, from mere favages, the Britons arrived at a degree of civilization that the inhabitants at the northern extremity of the iíland, have fcarcely yet attained.

When Agrícola was recalled, the Piéis paíTed the wall, and continued their ravages into the fouth, till Adrián the emperor carne in perfon; and, finding the war tedious and hazardous, rather chofe to fence the Román province from thofe invaders by a rampart called Adrian’s Wall, reaching from Tine-mouth to Solway Firth. But afterward Antoninus pjus fent Lollius Urbicus, who fubdued the Brigantes, and repulfed

the northerns, even beyond Agricola’s wall, which he fortified with cañles.

After this, we read of Lud, or Lucius, a Britiíh king under the Romans, who became a Chriílian, and built churches: while the war was carried on in the north with various fuccefs, till the northerns forced Virius Lupus to purchafe peace with a great fum of money. This inraged the Emperor Septimus Severus, who carne with a great army, vowing to extírpate them; but he could not, though he penetrated to the northern fea: for, having lofi 50,000 men in the expedition, he was forced to retire within the oíd rampart built by Adrián, which he raifed

IN

ANTIENT

B R I T A I N.

*3

raifed ínto a fione wall, called of oíd Mur Sever, * Graeme, or Graham’s Dyke, ,f and the Piéis’ Wall.

When Nonnius Philippus carne from the Emperor Gordian, Emilius a. D. Crifpinus, his maíier of horfe, a fine architeéi, built a pretty temple at 238∙

Carliíle, the altar-íione of which was lately found there, near the oíd wall of Severus.

The South-Britains had been long foftened in their manners by the Romans, and affeéied their politencΓs, wearing the Román drefs, and ípeaking Latín: they applied to commerce, improved in arts and fciences, and found the Román conqueíi a great benefit to the conquered, beholding with pleafure their country, formerly all wild, now adorned with temples, courts of juíiice, palaces and manfions, large and beautiful cities, regular forts and caftles, and convenient bridges.

The joint emperors Dioc’efian and Maximilian employed Caraufius as admiral againft the Saxon pirates, who being at peace with the Piéis, and gaining the army, afíumed the purple, and was recognized and A. D. admitted into partneríhip of the empire by the other two.

287’ Caraufius encouraged the craft, particularly at Verulam, now St. Albans in Hertfordíhire, by the worthy knight, Albanus. j: This Aibanus was afterward converted to the Chriítian faith, by the preaching of Amphibalus ofCaérleon; who, hearing of his worthy deeds and great fame, carne to him, and accomplifhed his converfion. St. Alban A p was the firíi who fuffered martyrdom in Britain.

303∙ The oíd coníiitutions aflert, and the oíd Engliíh mafons as firmly believe, that Caraufius employed St. Alhan to ‘ environ the city of * Verulam with a íione wall, and to build him a fine palace; for * Contrafled from Murus Stveri, the wall of Severus.

+ The etymology of this ñame is not fettled. Graham is a common Scottifli ñame, and it is conjeótured that fome chief fo called, might, by a fuccefsful invafion of the borders, have left his ñame behind him.

t This is afierted by all the oíd copies of the Coníiitutions ¡ and the oíd Engliíh mafons firmly believed it.

M 2

e which

84

A D 303.

KISTO R Y

OF

MASONRY

c which that Britiíh king made St. Alban the íleward of his houíhold*. t and chief ruler of the realmu t St. Alban alio loved mafons well, and cheriíhed them much, and: ε he made their pay right good, rυiz. two íhillings ∕κrweek, and.three * pence to their cheer: whereas before that time, through ail the land, e a mafon had but a penny a day, and his meat. He alfo obtained of t the king a charter for the free mafons, for to hold.a general council, *- and gaye it the ñame of afíembly, and: was thereat himfelf as grand e mafter, and helped to malte mafons, and. gave them good: charges c and regulations.’"

St. Alban was born at Verulam⅛ of Pagan parents: in his youth hetook a journey to Rome, in company with Amphibalus, of the city of Caerleon, fuppofed by many to have been by birth a. Román; and: there ferved for feven years in the army of the Emperor Dioclefian.

Leland tells us, that, at the time Su Alban fiourifhed, learning, and polite arts, had been lately introduced. by the Romans into Britain; which was now became a province of the empire ; and that the youth of quality and diftinétion ufed to travel to Rome for, improvement in linowledge and the fciences.* Being returned home, he lived highly honoured in the town of Verulam; where, through the example and. inftruótions of his fellow traveller, Amphibalus, he became a thorough co∏vert to the Chriílian religión.. In the tenth ancHaíl general perfecution of the Chriílians, he was beheaded for his religión; a favour in­ tended him, on-account of his noble birth, at Holmhurfl, lince called< Derfwald, where now the town of St. Alban ílandsto the lafting honour of whofe ñame and merits, King Offa in after times founded a; molí magnificent monaítery.

The Emperor Carauíius governed the empire of Britain with an up-right and unftained reputation ; and, above. all, was a very great en?⅛∙ Leland, Comment. de Script. Brit. cap. 18’, t Speed’s Chronicle, Stowc, Echard, is,<∙..

courager

IN

ANTIENT

BRITAIN.

85 '--- Y—

<otτrager of learning and learned men: he improved the country in civil arts, and made a great colleélion of workmen, and other artificers, from all parts: the people enjoyed perfeót peace and tranquillity under him for feveral years -, * and builders, and other artificers, werecmployed by him in very large bodies.

Eumenius, the panegyrift, fetting forth what great numbers of mafbns had then left the ifland^ ‘ Even your city of Autun,’ fays he, e moft devoted to your fervice, and in whofe ñame I am eípecially to i congratúlate you, has been well ílored with artificers (architeóis and * mafons) lince your viélory over the Britons, whofe provinces abound* ed with them; and now, by their workmanfhip, the farne city of * Autun rifes in fplendor, by the rebuilding of their antient houfes, t ereéling public works, and the inñauration of temples : fo that the * antient ñame of a Román brotherhood, which they long lince en* joyed, is again refiored, by having your imperial majeíly for their ‘ fecond founder.’ j- From henee it is beyond all doubt, that the reduólion of Britain occafioned many excellent artificers to go over to the continent, who had been entertained by Carauíius, and had fo greatly Gontributed to the beautyr convenience, and magnificence of the illand, that Conílantius Chlorus chofe to make it the féat of his empire.

When Dioclelian and Maximian abdicated, Conftantius Chlorus fue- A. D. 209. ceeded as emperor of the weñ, a lover of arts and fciences; and much encouraged the craft, till he died at York, the fame year that his Britiíh A. D. emprefs Helena inclofed London with a ftone wall.

3°ó‘ j Conftantine the Great, their fon, born at York,, in Britain, fucceeded; who partitioned South-Britain into four provinces. During his reign the Chriíhan religión ílouriíhed throughout his empire ; the Britons enjoyed A p peace and plenty, and oíd Román mafonry appeared in many Λately 3 36. and curious piles, till he died.

■» Guthrie’s Hift. Eng. vol. i. p. 58. t Paneg. Emp. Maximian. Aug. Diñ.

Until

86

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

Until the time of Conftantine, the governor of Britain was termed the emperor’s proprator, or lieutenant; but afterward, as appears in the Notiti<ε of the empire, the iíland was governed by a vicar or deputy, under the prafeftus pratorio of Gaul. The enfigns of his government were, ift, A draught of the five provinces in Britain, expreffed in feveral buildings, with their ñames on the triangular form of the iíland, as if they comprehended the whole iíland. 2d, The book of their inítruótions, covered with green, and the commiffion in a gilt cover, with feveral letters infcribed on the book. The letters were, F. L. I. N. T. A. L. L. C. O. M. O. R. D. P. R. R. i. e. Frons libri juju noβro tranfcripti a laterculis continentis mandata ordinaria principis.

There were two books, called Laterculum majas, and ^Laterculum minus ¡ the former containing the ñames, inftruélions, &c. of the higher officers, and the latter, thofe of the inferior officers. * Conftantine, by removing the feat of his empire from Rome to Conílantinople, fo weakened the former city, and drained thewreftern pro­ vinces of their forces, that the imperial authority vifibly declined under the diforderly advantages taken by the provincial lieutenants to eílabliíh themfelves in independent fovereignties. Among othcrs, thofe in the remote government of Britain often revolted, and afiumed the purple with various degrees of fuccefs; until by thefe contefts, added to the occafional depredations of the northern inhabitants, Britain was rcduced to very wretched circum∩ances. While affairs were in fuch an nnfettled ∩ate, little quiet was afforded for mafonical cultivation; and they muí! therefore be ,curforily paífed over, as barren in the proper objeéts for this hiftory. We íhall only briefly obferve, that the Román power gradually declined in Britain, becaufe the emperors were too much embarrafled elfewhere to pay much attention to fo diílant an objc<ft. At length, the year after the Goths, under Alaric, had facked Rome, Honorius, to free himfelf from the importunities of the Britons, * Rapin, from Pancirollus in Not. Im¡>.

abfolutely

IN

ANTIENT

BRITAIN.

«7

abfolutely refigned all pretenfions to fovereignty over them, as an unprofitable incumbrance. Yet, after this, √Etius, the general of Valentinian III. being viéforious in Gao!, out of compafíion, fent the Britons one legión under Gallio, who repelled their northern perfecutors beyond the Piéis’ wall; which he rebuilt of ftone work eight feet broad, arid twelve feet high: but being recalled, he left the South-Brkons to de- A. D. fend themfelves againft the northerns, and carried off his legión j though 4

the Román foldiers did not depart till A. D. 430; after Csefar’s invaíion, 48Ó years; and in the vulgar year of mafonry, 4430.

The Romans, during their refidence in this ifland, propagated ma­ fonry in every garrifon, and had built many fine places, even to the north border, or the wall of Agrícola; near which, at the Forth, they raifed a fmall temple of their god Terminus, a curious rotunda refeπ>∙ bling the Pantheon at Rome, 20 feet high, and about as much in diaxneter: this temple is ñill exiñing, and is popularly called Arthur’s Oven.

The military ways conftruéled through the country, gíve us the higheft idea of the civil and military policy of our Román conquerors.

Thefe were the high roads for the paffage of their troops from ñation to ñation; and were fo firmly made, that their veñiges may be ñill traced in many parts of England: that known by the ñame of Wdtlingβreeti crofled the country from fouth-eaft to north-weft, leading from Dover through London, where its ñame is ñill preferved, to Dunftable, Towceñer, Atherfíon, and extcnding as far as Anglefea in North Wales: the Ikenild-βreet ftretches from Southampton, ovcr the river Ifis at Newbridge, to Camden and Litchfield; then paffing the Derwent, near Derby, ends at Tinmouth: the ^Fofle-uυay, fo called, becaufe in fome places it was never compleated, but lies as a large ditch, leads from Cornwall through Devoníhire, by Tetbury, near Stow on the Wold, befi.de Leicefter and Newark, to Lincoln: lañly, the Rrming-fireet, extends from Southampton to St. David’s in South Wales. A critical account of Román antiquities in England is among the deβderata of hiftory;

88

A. D.

A. d.

449∙

iH'ISTORY

OF

MASONRY

tory; being perhaps too great a defign for any one man to ex,,cute, as it cannot be duly performcd withont a perfonal examination of every objeéh With the Román legions, mafonry alfo departed from Britain; for though many Román families had fettled in the fouth, and were blended with the Britons, who had becn well educated in the fcience and the art; yet the fubfequent wars, confufions, and revolυtions in this i∩and, ruined antient learning, till the fine artifts were dead, without fucceffion. For ∙the Pi<5⅜s and Scots, hearing that the Román legions were never to return, broke through the wall, feized the land north of the Humber., and ravaged the fouth the more eafily, as the foutherns were divided by petty kings, till they chofe Vortigern their fovereign or ge­ neral monarch; who, being unable to retrieve affairs, got the confent of his nobles to invite the Saxons of Lower Germany to come over to his afíiftance. Upon this invitation Prince Hengift with 2000 Saxons landed in Thanet, near the Kentiíh íhore.

C H A P.

UNDER THE ANGLO-SAXONS.

G H A P.

II.

From the Arrival of the Saxons to William the Conquero)-.

H E Saxons having affiíled Vortigern to drive the Scots and Piéis beyond the Humber, built Thong caflle in Lincolníhire; and, beingdaily recruited from Lovver Germany, and the river Elb, refolved to fettle in Britain, and after much bloodfhed, in many battles between the natives, they overpowered them, and founded an heptarchy, or leven kingdoms, viz.

1. Kingdom of Kent, founded by Hengiíl, A. D. 455.

2. Kingdom of Sufíex, by Ella, 491.

3. Kingdom of Weflex, by Cerdic, 519.

4. Kingdom of Effex, by Erchenwyne, 527.

5. Kingdom of Northumbria, by Ida the Angle, 547.

6. Kingdom of Eaíl Angles, by Uffa, 571.

7. Kingdom of Middle Angles, or Me reía, by Crida, 584.

As the Anglo-Saxons increa fed, the Britons loft ground; for after the death of Ambroíius Aurelius, and his brave fon King Arthur, the Britons had no grand monarch, but only a few petty kings. Many of them fubmítted to Crida, and other Saxqn kings; many tled to Cornvvall, and by fea to Armorica, called Bill Bretagne in France ; and many went to North-Britain among the Scotó-Walenfes; th'ough the A. D. greater part ñed beyond the Severn, where they were cooped in be- ∙5s9∙ tvveen the mountains and the lrifh fea.

The Anglo-Saxons, who had alvvays called the Britons Gualifh or Waliíhmen, now called their fettlcment beyond the Severn, Walifhland or Wales, called Bill by the French Galles, from the Gauls their anceílors: and here they eleéled the noble Cadwan their king, the pro­ genitor o.f the Chrifljan kings and princes of Wales.

N

The

J)<∖

A. D. 597‘

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

The Anglo-Saxons were all rough, ignoran! heathens; and defpifing every thing but war, foon rooted out all the feeds of learning and artsthat the Romans had planted in Britain; till fome pious teachers from Wales and Scotland converted many of them by degrees to the Chriftian faith. But none of their kings relinquiíhed Paganifm till Auguñin,. with forty more monks, amongft whom the fciences at that time were prcfervcd, were fent by Pope Gregory as miffionaries into the ifland^ who baptized Ethelbert king' of Kent; and in fixty years after, all the kings of the heptarchy received the Chriílian religión. Then it was, that churches, monafreries, palaces, and beautiful manílons, began to be built; and they too late lamentcd the ignorant and deílruéfive conduót of their fore-fathers: as they knew nothing of the Román principies of architeéiure, they adopted that of the country they carne from; and followed the Gothic ftile in building cathedral churches j among which were, The Cathedral of Canterbury, built A. D. 600 That of Rocheñer, 602 St. PauFs, London, 604.

St. Peter’s, Weñminñer, 60ζ Befide many more defcribed in the Monaflicon Λnglicanum. They alfo ereóled many palaces and caftles, and fortified their cities, efpecially on the borders of each kingdom. This required many mafons, who foon formed themfelves into focieties or lodges, by direétion of the foreigners who carne over to help them.

But it was where the Welch dwelt that we find the earlieft accounts, at leaft, of facred architeéfure; as at Glaftonbury in Devoníhire; Padílow in Cornwall; Caerleon or Cheñer, afterward tranílated to St. . Afaph’s in Flintíhire; Lian Twit, or church of Iltutus; Lian Cadarn Vawr, or church of Great St. Patern ; the mona∩ery of Lian Carvan ; Bangor in Cacrnarvoníhire; Holyhead in Anglefey; Llandaff in Glamorganfhire; Menevia, or St. David’s, in PembrokcíTiire; and many more churches, monafteries, and fchools of learning.

Thefe

ÜNÍjER THE ANGLO-SAXONS. Thefe Saxon lodges cóntinued to improve, till Kenred, king of Mer- a. D. cía, fent to Charles Marte!, grand mafter of France, father of King ^1°∙ Pepin, who had been educated by Brother Mimus Grsecus, for a conimunication of worthy bréthren to affift the craft, now in a flouriíhing condition inhis dominions, and to ílrengthen their lodges. To this their royal brother Martel willingly agreed; and fent fome expert mafons to teach the Saxons thofe laws and ufages of the craft that had been preferved from the havoc of the Goths; but not the Auguftan ftile; for that had been buried in its own ruins in the weñ.

The clergy now íhidied geometry and architeélure, fuch as it was; becaufe the noble and wealthy, the kings and queens deemed it meritorious to build churches, and other pious foundations, where many of them retired to a reclufe life, and ended their days : thefe monaíleries were under the direóiion of the clergy, where the lodges ufually were held; yet at firfi: they built thofe houfes moftly of timber only, till Ben- A p net, the abbot of Wirral, introduced the ufe of brick and íione. So 68o. that even the Gothic ftyle was but in its infancy during the heptarchy, which lafled 381 ycars from Hengift’s firft arrival.

It was Egbert, king of Weflex, who by policy and conqueft, became fovéreign of the other fix kingdoms: and, the Angles being moíl nu- A. D merous, he called his united kingdom England, and all the people Englifhmen: he fortified his fea-ports; and his fon Ethelwolf employed St. Swithin to repair the religious houfes.

Having nothing farther to do with the hiílory of our Saxon kings than may relate tothe progrefs of mafonry under them; it will be unnecefiary to trace their genealogical fucceflion, and take up room by introducing perfons and matters foreign to our profeficd íübjeót; as thofe brethren who wiíh for more particular fatisfaélíon refpeéling our Saxon hiftory, may confult the general hiftories of England. The monarch who next claims our notice, and who found his kingdom cruelly harraffed by the piratical Danés, was Alfred, who fubdued thefe plunderers, though he could not expel them: he encreafed his navy, forN 2 tified

92

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

tified and rebuilt many towns, and founded the univerfity of Oxford.

He kept about him the beñ architeéls, and employed the fellow crafts wholly in brick or ñone.

This king was as. celebrated for his civil regulations as for his military abilities, and attention to mafonical arts. He divided his kingdom into counties, and thefe he fubdivided into hundreds, for the more re­ gular adminiftration of juftice; and inílituted that moft admirable mode of trial by juries—the grand fecurity of the lives, liberties, and property of Englifhmen. By a Iong, wifc, and glorious reign he juílly merited the title of Alfred the Great, and the. founder of the Engliíh monarchy.

Edward the Eider, left mafonry to the care, firft of Ethred earl of Mercia, the huíband of his fifter Elfleda, a glorious heroine, who by her valour expelled the Danés out of Mercia, and fortified many towns and caftles, to pjevent their incurfions. Next, the king put his learned brother Ethelward at the head of the fraternity, and founded the univerfity of Cambridge, that had been long a nurfery of the learned. This king died in 924, leaving three fons and a queen.

Athelftan, his eldeft fon, fucceeded, though only the fon of a concubine, and at firΛ left the craft to the care of his brother Edwin; for in all the oíd conflitutions it is recitedx t That though the antient records of the brotherhood in England * were moft of them deñroyed or loñ in the wars with the Danés, who * burnt the monafteries, where the records were kept; yet King ‘ Athelñan (the grandfon of King Alfred) the firft anointed king of * England, who tranflated the Holy Bible into the Saxon language, ‘ when he had brought the land into reft and peace; built many great * works, and encouraged many mafons from France and ∙eliewhcre, * whom he appointed overfeers thereof: they brought with them the ‘ charges and regulations of the foreign lodges, and prevailed with the

* king to increafe the wages. * That

UNDER THE ANGLO-SAXONS,

93

* That Prince Edwin, the king’s brother, being taught geometry and * mafonry, for the love he had to the faid craft, and to the honourable ‘ principies whereon it is grounded, purchafed a free charter of King * Athelílan his brother, for the free mafons to have among themfelves t a correétion, or a power and freedom to regúlate themfelves, to amend t what might happen amifs, and to hold a yearly communication in a * general afíembly. ‘ That accordingly Prince Edwin íummoned all the free and accept* ed mafons in the realm, to meet him in a congregaron at York, who ‘ carne and formed the grand lodge under him as their grand maíler, t A. D. 926. * That they brought with them many oíd writings and records of the * craft, fome in Greek, fome in Latin, fome in French, and other lan* guages; and from the contents thereof they framed the conflitutions £ of the Engliíh lodges, and made a law for themfelves, to preferve * and obferve the fame in all time coming.’

But this good prince Edwin died before the king, without ¡(fue, to A. D. the great grief of the fratcrnity; though his memory is revered in the 9∙^∙

lodges, and honourably mentioned in all the oíd conflitutions.

Some Engliíh hiílorians fay, that Edwin being accufed of a plot, the king fet him adrift in a boat without fail and oars; that Edwin, protefting his innocence, went aboard, and jumped into the fea; and that his efquire was driven into Picardy. The faót, as commonly received, is this: the king fufpe&ing his younger brother Edwin, of defigning to deprive him of his crown, caufed him, notwithílanding his proteftations of innocence, to be put on board a leaky íhip, with his armour-bearer and page. The young prince, unable to bear thefeverity of the weather, and want of food, defperately drowned himfelf. Some time after, the king’s cup-bearer, who had been the prince’s accufer, happened, as he was ferving the king at table, to trip with one foot; but recovering himfelf with the other, , See,’ faid he pleafantly, ‘ how one * brother helps another 1’ This remark ftriking the king with the remembrance

94

A. D. s4°'

H I S TO RY

OF

M A SONRY

membrance of his treatment of Edwin, he caufed that bufinefs tó be more thoroughly examined; when finding his brother had been falfely accufed, he caufed his cup-bearer to be put to death, fubmitted to feven years íharp penance, and built the two monafteries of Middleton and Michelnefs, to atone for this rafh aéb * As this is the only ftain hiftorians have endeavotired to fix on the memory.of Athelñan, it is of courfe defíitute of any corroborating faéts to íhengthen its credibility : and it may be further obferved, that William of Malmeíbury, who wrote Engliíh hiftory in the reign of Ring Stephen, after relating the current ftory, owns that it had no better foundation than fome oíd ballads. ∙f∙ As to the tale of the cup-bearer, and his ftumbling at the king’s table, the fame ftory is told of Earl Goodwin, who murdercd the brother of Edward the Confefíor. Laftly, nothing is clearer from hiftory, than that Athelftan was remarkably kind to his brethren and fifters, for whofe fake he lived tingle; and thercfore his brother had lefs temptation to confpire againft him.

King Athelílan built many caftles in Northumbria to bridle the Danés, whom he had fubdued; and the famous abbey of Sr. John at Beverley, in Yorkíhire, and Melton abbey in Dor/etíhire: he rebuilt the city of Exeter, repaired the oíd church of the Culdees at York, and died without iflue.

Edmund I. who fucceeded his brother Athelftan, repaired the cities and churches, and died A. D. 946.

Edred fucceeded his brother Edmund, rebuilt Glaftonbury, and died without ifΓue, 955.

Edgar built and rebuilt about forty eight pious houfes, by the direction of St. Dunftan, grand mafter, and feveral more expert mafters.

He alfo rigged out a good navy, which checked the Danifh invafions. ⅛ Speed’s Chronicle, book vii. ch. 38.

t De Gefl. Reg. Anglorum, lib. ii.

Canutus

UNDER THE ANGLO-SAXONS.

95

Canutus the Dañe, after the death of King Edmund Ironfide, was crowned king of all England; he built the abbey of St. Edmund’sbury, and died 1036.

Edward the Confeffor, who fucceeded King Hardicanute in the throne A. D. of England, colle&ed the Saxon laws in a body. In his reign arts and 1041 ‘ fciences flouriíhed. Leofric, the wealthy cari of Coventry, at the head of the free mafons, built the abbey of Coventry; and others founded twelve more religious houΓes. This king rebuilt Weftminfter abbey, and died without iñue; when the nobles and people chofe Harold, fon of Earl Goodwin, who reigned nine months; till William Duke of Ñorrnandy, whom Edward had nominated as the heir to his crown, /lew A. D. him in the battle of Hañings in SuíTex, and in the vulgar year of ma- lo6δ,

fonry, 5066.

C H A P.

HISTORY

OF

G H A P.

MASONRY

III.

State of Mafonry in England, from William the Conqueror lo King Hetiry IV. illiam

W

A.D. 1087.

A. D. 1100.

I. the Conqueror, having eftabliíhed himfelf on the

throne of England, and fettled his government, appointed Gundulph Biftiop of Rochefter, Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewfbury and Arundel, and other good architeéls, to be at the head of the fellow crafts; firft in civil and military architeófure, in building the Tower of London, and the caftles of Dover, Exeter, Winchefter, Warwick, Hereford, Stafford, York, Durham, Rochefter, and Newcaftleupon-Tyne; whereby the proud Normans bridled the Englifh. Then, in facred architeóture, by building Battle-abbey near Haftings, in memory of his vi&ory over Harold; St. Saviour’s, Southwark, and nine more religious houfes.: while others built forty-two monafteries, and five cathedrals. The king brought many expert mafons from France, and died in Normandy.

William II. Rufus, fucceeded his father, and employed his archite<fts and craftímen in building a new wall round the Tower, and in rebuilding London-bridge of wood: by advice of his grand lodge of mafters, he built the great palace of Weftminfter, and four religious houfes; while others founded twenty-eight more. He died without ifítie.

Henry I. Beau Clerc, fucceeded his brother William, though the cldeft brother, Robert duke of Normandy, was yet alive. Now the Norman barons., perceiving their great poffeftions in England depend­ ed only on royal pleafure ; and finding the laws of the Anglo-Saxons better calculated for fecuring property than the laws of Normandy; began to cali themfelves Englifhmen, and to afíert the Saxon rights: they accordingly prevailed with this king to grant them the firft Magna Charta,

I

N

ENGLAND.

97

Charla, or Great Charter, containing a fpecification and an acknovv- A. D. Iedgment of thefe rights, in the firft year of his reign.

This king built thc great palace of Woodftock, and a little one at Oxford to converfe with the learned, and fourteen religious houfes; while others built about hundred fuch, befide many fine manfions. He was fuccceded by his nephew, Stephen count of Bulloign, fon of Adela, daughter of William the A. D. Conqueror, by the power of the clergy, to the prejudice of Henry’s 11∙^, daughter, the Empreís Maud. During the civil wars between him and the emprefs, the nobles and gentry being courted by both, laid hold of the occafion to build about i roo ca∩les, that próved afterward very convenient for them in the barons’ wars; fo that the mafons were as muela employed as the foldiers, under their grand mafter Gilbert de Clare, Marquis of Pembroke; by whom the king built four abbies and two nunneries, with St. Stephen’s chapel in the palace of Weílminfier; while others built about ninety religious houfes. King Stephen died, A. D. after a troublefome reign, without iffue naale; and the Plantagenets * 115+* of Anjou commenced, viz.

Henry II. fon of the Emprefs Maud, by her fecond huíband Geoffrey Plantagenet earl of Anjou, became king of England; who fortified fome caftles againft the Welch and Scots, built fome little palaces, and ten religious houfes; while others built about iqo fuch. The grand mafter of the Knights Templare, a military order Iately inftituted at Jerufalem for the proteéfion of the holy fepulchre, and of the pilgrims who flockcd to it; who derived their ñame from ftationing themfelves on a fpot near where Solomon’s temple ftood, and who foon fpread themfelves * The beft etymology given by antiquarians of this ñame, is, that Fulk the firft <earl of Anjou of this family, being troubled with remorfe for fome wicked aciions, uvent in pilgrimage to Jerufalem, where he íubmitted to be fcourgcd before the holy fepulchre with a bundle of broom twigs, which grew in plenty there. From this penitential difcipline, he was ever after ∙cal!ed Plantagenet, i. e. broom fíalk ; which tiame was continued to his poñerity.

O

over

98

A. D. 1189.

A. D. 1199.

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

overEurope; built their temple in Fleet-fireet, London. This king was fucceeded by his fon Richard I. who was much abroad on his crufade to the Holy Land, and in captivity in Germany: he died without ifiue. In this reign abous twenty religious houfes were built.

King John fucceeded his brother Richard, and firft made his chaplain Peter de Cole-church, grand mafter of the mafons in rebuilding.

London-bridge of fione; which was finiíhed by the next mafíer William Almain.

The continual expence of repairing a wooden bridge, being burdenfome to the citizens, was the motive to this undertaking, the durability of which, in a fituation fo much expofed to the occafional attacks of two powerful enemies, air and water; and loaded, as it was for many centuries with a line of houfes on each fide of the pafíage over it; is the beft evidence that can be produced of the íkill of the architeófs who conftruéted fo vaft a work. A draw-bridge was contrived to give paffage for veflels with proviíions to Queenhithe ; at the north end of which. ftood a tower to refift the attempts of an enemy.. This tower was begun to be built in the year 1426, but the other buildings increafed very fiowly; however, in Stowe’s days, both fides were built up: fo that the whole had the appearance of a large welL-built ftreet; there being. left only three openings, with ftone breaft-walls, and iron rails over them on each fide for profpeóK The width of the river at the bridge is 915 feet, which was the length of the bridge:. the height whereof was 43 feet feven inches. The width of the ftreet was 20 feet, and the depth of the houfes on both fides, 53 feet; together, 73 feet. It confifted of twenty unequaL arches ; but, by the great number of piers, and extenfion of the fterlings, the pafíage of the water is obftruéted, the rapidity of the ftream increafed, and the charge of repairs much inhanced. We are told that the mafter mafon, not only ereéfed the chapel on the fterling of the ninth pier from the north end, but likewife endowcd the fame for two prieñs, four clerks, &c. This was the firft building

I N

E

N

G

L

A

N

D.

buildíng on London-bridge, which was afterward atígmented with fo many chanteries, that there were four chaplains be!onging to it in the 23d Henry VI. This chapel was not deftroyed until the houfes were taken down in the year 1758.

It has been a vulgar notion that the foundation of this bridge was laid upon woolpacks; an error which might owe its origin to a tax laid upon wool toward i« ereétion. But from the furveys taken of it preparatory to its late alterations, and more efpecially by taking up one pier to widen the centre arch; it is now difcovered that the ftone piers were founded on vaft frames of piles, driven as clofe as art could effeél. On the tops of thefe piles are laid long planks or beams of timber, ten inches thick, ftrongly bolted; whereon is placed the bafe of the ftone pier, nine feet above the bed of the river, and three below the fterlings: on the outfide of this wooden foundation, (and for its prefervation) are driven the piles, called fterlings. It is alio found that the lowermoft courfe of ñones in the piers, were laid in pitch, inftead of mortar, to prevent the water damaging the work. * O 2 The * After all, according to our preíent improved ideas, it appears difficult to account for the motives of building habitations on fo ftrange, fo inconvenient, and fo perilous a fpot as on each fide a public bridge over a wide river ! and at a time when térra firma was not rendered precious by afliduous agriculture, or by a land-tax. Yet this bridge was loaded with wooden houfes, which reduced the paflage over to a nanow ■ftreet of 20 feet wide ; and in this crouded ftate it remained for 500 years ! That the abfurdity below might correfpond with that above, the paflage under the arches was contraéied by enormous platforms, built round the piers, called fterlings; which dam up the water fo much that at the return of the tide, the river above the bridge is nearly five feet higher than it is below. So that during the ebb, the water throiigh cvery -arch forms fo many catarais ; pouring down with a tremendous roari and whirling round 011.the lower fide in foaming eddíes, as foon as difengaged from the confinement. Advantage was taken of this waterfall in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, to fupply the neighbouring parís of London and Southwark with water, by fixing water wheels in the arches next the London fide of the bridge : and the pre­ fervation of thefe water-works has ever fince been thought a fufficient objeñion to the reíloring a free paflage to the current; though the navigation through the bridge is

99

TOÓ

A. D. 1216.

A. D. 3220.

A. D. 1272.

HISTORY

OF

M A S O NR Y

Peter de Rtipibus biíhop of Winchefter, was the next grand mafier; and under him Geoffrey Fitz Peter was chief furveyor ar deputy grand mafter, who built much for the king; while others built about forty religious houfes. King John was fucceeded by bis fon, Henry III. a minor of nine ycars: when Peter de Rupibus, the oíd grand mafter, carne to be the king’s guardián; he levelled the footftone of Weftminfler abbey, in that part called Solomon’s Porch ; but this king, though he reigned long, did not live to compleat the work. Peter count of Savoy, brother of the queen’s mother, built the palace of Savoy in the Strand, London; and John Baliol, lord of Bernard cañle, in the county of Durham, father of John king of Scotland, founded Baliol College in Oxford. The Templars built their Domus Dei at Do.vcr, and others built thirty-two religious houfes.

Edward I. being deeply engaged in wars, left the craft to the care of feveral fucceffive grand mafters, as Walter Giffard archbiíhop of is fo dangerous, that not a yeaτ paffes without the lofs of marty lives in. thefe artificial fireights. At the time when it became neceflary to add the fterlings, in order to preferve the foundations of piers, it would have been wifcr to have taken the bridge down, and built a new one upon more correét principies. The money expended in thofe prepofterous additions, with the annual fums laid out in íupporting them, exclufi.ve of the laft enormous charge, would have been more than fufficient to have reared a new fabric. It has often been ignorantly afiérted, that the arches of the bridge were originally conftrufted in the prefent manner, to reftrain the ebbing of the tideand that if the arches were widened, there would be fcarcely any navigation above the bridge a littie after higli water. But liad thefe objeflors once confidered, that the river is navigable far above the reach of the tide, they would never have thought of advancing fo weak an argument.

By virtue of an act of parliament, the houfes, in 1758 were at laft taken away, the bridge widened, and a handfome foot pavement made on each fide, guarded with ñone baluftrades. Below, two of the middlc arches were thrown into one femi-circulararch, by taking away the pier between them: but by injudiciouíly drawing up the piles originally driven there, the current waíhed away the foii fo much as to endanger the two piers on each fide. For the fecurity of the bridge therefore an inir∙ menfe quantity of ftones was thrown into the river under the new arch, to preferve the fcundation ; but even this precaution lias not cleared all doubts of its fafety.

York, c

I

N

ENGLAND.

TOI

York, Gilbert de Clare earl of Gloucefter, and Ralph lord of Mount Hermer, the progenitor of the Montagues: and by thefe the king fortified many caílles, efpecially againft the Welch, till they fubmitted to A. D. him; when Edward, the king’s fon ajιd heir, was born at Caermar- 1284" then, and was the firft Engliíh prince of Wales. This king celebrated A. D. the cape-ftone of Weftminfter abbey, fixty-five years after laying the 12,δδ* fonndation-flone. This is the prefent pile, and its extent is very confiderable; for it is 360 feet long within the walls; at the nave it is 72 feet broad, and at the crofs 195. The Gothic arches and fide aiíles are fupported by 48 pillars of grey marble, pach compofed of clufters of Hender ones, and covered with ornaments. On entering the weft door, the whole body of the church opens itfelf at once to view, the pillars, dividing the nave from the fide ai∩es, being fo difpofed as not to obftruél the fide openings; ñor is the fight terminated to the eaft but by the fine painted window over Edward the Confeflor’s chapel; which antiently, when the altar was low, and adorned with the beautiful fhrine of that faint, muft have afforded one of the fineft profpeéls that can be imagined. This fhrine was once efteemed the glory of England; bnt is now much defaced and negleéled: it was compofed of fiones of various colours, beautifully enriched with all the coíl that art could devife. No fooner was it ereóled, than the wealth of the kingdom flowed to it from. all quarters; a lamp was kept continually burning before it; on one fide ílood a filver image of the Virgin Mary, which, with two jewels of immenfe valué, were prefented by Queen Eleanor, the wife of Henry 111.; on the other fide flood another image of the Virgin, wrought in ivory, prefented by another faint, Thomas Becket, archbiíhop of Canterbury.

The abbey church, which was ílripped of many of its decorations by Henry VIII. and was much damaged both within and without during the unhappy civil commotions under Charles I. that defaced the antient beauty of moíl of the religious houfes in this kingdom; had continued from the dtath of Henry VII. almoft to the prefent time, without any confiderable

102

HISTORY

OF

MAS0NRY

confiderablc repairs, and was gradually falling to ruin, when the parliament interpofed, and ordered a thorough reparation at the national expence. * This venerable fabric has been accordingly new coated on the outfide, except that part called Henry VII.’s chapel, which is indeed a feparate building: the weft end has been adorned with two new ftately towers, that have been thought equal in point of workmaníhip to any part of the original building. But though fuch pains have been taken in the coating, to preferve the antient Gothic grandeur, that this church in its diñant profpeíl has all the venerable majefty of its former fíate, yet the beautiful carving with which it was once adorned, is irretrievably loft: the buttreífes, once capped with turrets, are now made in plain pyramidical forms, and topped with free ftone; and the ñatues of our antient kings, that formerly ftood in niches, near the tops of thofe buttreffes, are for the moft part removed, and their broken fragments lodged in the roof of Henry VII.’s chapel. Four of thefe ñatues are ftill ílanding next the towers on the north-fide ; and indeed that is the only fide where a view of the abbey can be taken; the other fides being fo encumbered with buildings, that even its fituation cannot be dillinguifhed.

What, next to the new towers, principally engages the attention on the outíide, is the Gothic portico leading into the north crofs, which by fome has been fliled the Beautiful, or Solomon’s Gate. This was probably built by Richard II. as his arms carved in ftonp were formerly over the gate. It has been lately beautified; and over it is a new window admirably well executed : but the principal decorations of this pile are to be found within.—In this reign, too, Merton college, Oxford, the cathedral of Norwich, and about twenty more religious houfes were founded. ♦ Stat. 8 & 9 W. III. c. 14.

6 Geo. II. c. 25. left. 20.

9 Ann. c. 22. feñ. 2.

10 Ann. c. 11. fe¿I. 32.

Edward

Γ

N

ENGLAND.

i21

Edward II. made Walter Stapleton, biffiop of Exeter, grand mafter, A. D. who built Exeter and Oriel colleges in Oxford; while others built Clare- 13o7∙ hall in Cambridge, and eight religious houfes.

Edward III. became the patrón of arts and fciences. He fet tip a A. D. table at Windfor, 600 feet round, for feafting the gallant knights of all 1327*

nations; and rebuilt the cañle of Windfor, as a royal grand mafter, by his feveral deputies or mafters of work, viz. 1. John de Spoulee, called mafter of the Ghiblim, who rebuilt St. George’s chapel; where the A. D. king conftituted the order of the Garter. 2. William of Wykeham, at 1357* the head 0f.4c0 free mafons, rebuilt the ftrong and ftately caftle; and when he was made bifhop of Winchefter, 3. Robert of Barnham fucceeded at the head of 250 free mafons; and finiíhed St. George’s great hall, with other works in the caftle. 4. Henry Yevele, called at firft, in the oíd records, the king’s free mafon, built for the king the London Charter-houfe, King’s-hall, Cambridge, Queenborough caftle, and rebuilt St. Stephen’s chapel, now the houfe of commons in parliament.

5. Simón Langham, abbot of Weftminfter, who repaired the body of that cathedral as it now ftands.

This king alfo founded the abbey of Eaftminfter near the Tower, upon whofe fcite now ftands the Vi(ftualling Office; and his laudable example was well followed; for the queen endowed Qtieen’s collegé, Oxford, while others built many ftately maníions, and about thirty re­ ligious houfes.

Notwithftanding the cxpenfive wars in this reign, the Cónftitutions wcre improved; for an oíd record imports,—‘ That in the glorious t reign of King EdwardIII. when lodges were many and frequent, the * grand mafter with his wardens, at the head of the grand lodgc, with ς confent of the lords of the realm, then generally free mafons, ori dained, ‘ That for the future, at the making or admiffion of a brother, the ‘ Conftitutions and the charges fhall be rcad. * That

r04

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

t That mafter mafons, or mafters of work, íhall be examined whc* ther they be able of cunning to ferve their refpeólive lords, as well c the higheft as thc loweft, to the honour and woríhip of the forefaid * art, and to the profit of their lords; for they be their lords that em* ploy and pay them for their travail. t That when the mafter and wardens preíide in a Iodge, the íherifF, * if need be, or the mayor, or the alderman, if a brother, where the t chapter is held, íhall be fociate to the mafter, in help of him againft * rebels, and fór upholding the rights of the realm. e That entered prentices, at their making, íhall be charged not to be t thieves, ñor thieves’ maintainers. * That the fellow crafts íhall t travail honeftly for their pay, and love their fellows as themfclves; c and, that ali íhall be true to the king, to the realm, and to the lodge. i That if any of the fratcrnity íhould be fraclious, mutinous, or dift obedient to the grand mafter’s orders, and, after proper admonitions, t íhould períift in his rebellion, he íhall forfeit all his claim to the * rights, benefits, and privileges of a true and faithful brother, &c.’

Concluding with, ‘ amen, fo mote it be.’ q Ring Edward III. having buried his eldeft fon Edward, the fcourge of 1376.

France, and the hope of England, commonly called the Black Prince; died 21 June, 1377, and was fucceeded by, Richard II. his grandfon; who employed William of Wykeham, biíhop of Wincheñer, grand mafter, to rebuild Weftminfter-hall as it now ftands. This building is of ftone, in the Gothic ftile, with a narrow front, and a tower on each fide the entrance, adorned with abun. dance of carved work. The hall within is efteemed the largeft room in Europe, unfupported with pillars; being 270 feet in length, and 74 in breadth; and the conftruólion of the roof is greatly admired. * * The necd of this injunétion is a pregnant evidence of the rude líate of manners and civil policy at that time ; as well as of the falutary tendency of an inílitution, that by its private regulations enforced what the laws had not yet effeéted. * The antient palace to which this hall appertained, not having been ufed as a rβyιl rehdence, fince the 23d Hen. VIII. the feveral apartments are converted to other ufes.

I

N

E

N

G

L. A

N

D.∙.

105

William of Wykeham, at his own coft, built New-college in Oxford, and founded Winchefter college; while others built about fifteen religious houfes. At laft, while King Richard, a.weak prince, was in Iréland, his couíin Henry duke of Lancafter, landed in Yorkíhire, raifed a great atmy, feized the king upon his return, got the parliament to depofe him, and fucceeded to the throne. The next year Richard was murdered, leaving no ifiue. ufes. Two of them are occupicd by the two houfes of parliament; other rooms ferved for the courts of fiar chamber, requefts, wards, and liveries, while thofe courts exifled ; but the courts of exchequer, and dutchy of Lancañer, are ítill held in their refpeñive chambers. The hall is now ufed for coronation feafts, and for holding the three great courts of juftice, the chancery, king’s bench, and common pleas.

P

O H A P,

HISTORY

jo6

OF

MASONRY

C H A P.

IV.

State of Mafonry in Englávd, from Henry IV. to the royal Houje of Tildar.

ENRY IV. duke of Lancafter, who. fupplanted and fucceeded King Richard II. appointed Thomas Fitz-Allen earl of Surry, to be grand mafter; and after his famous viélory at Shrewíbury, the king founded Báttle-abbey there, and afterward that of Fotheringay. Others built fix religious houfes; and the Londoners founded their prefent Guitdhall, a large and magnificent fabric.

Henry V. fucceeded his father; and, while triumphing in France, A. D. 1413∙ ordered the palace and abbey of Sheen, now called Richmond-uponThames, to be rebuilt by the direólion of the grand. mafter Henry Chicheley archbiíhop of Canterbury; while others built eight religious houfes. By his queen, Catharine of France, afterward the wife of Owen Tudor, he had Henry VI. who carne to the throne a minor of nine months, in whofe A. D. 1422.. third year the parliament endeavoured to difturb the lodges, by an aót 3h. vi. intitled,------- c Mafons fhall not confedérate in chapters and congregac. i.

4 tions. * Whereas, by yearly congregations and confederacies made by the 4 mafons in their general aflemblies, the good courfe and effeót of the 4 ftatutes of labourers be openly violated and broken, in fubverfion of 4 the law, and to the great damage of all the commons; our fovereign ‘ lord the king, willing in this cafe to provide a remedy, by the ad4 vice and confent aforefaid, and at the fpeciai requeft of the commons, 1 hath ordained and eftablifhed, 4 That fuch chapters and congregations fhall not be hereafter holden : 4 and, if any fuch be made, they that caufe fuch chapters and congre* gations to be affembled and holden, if they thercof be conviél, íliall 4 be

A. D. i399∙

H

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

Nτ

D.

‘ be judgcd for fclons: and that other mafons who come to fuch chape ters and congregations be punifhed by imprifonment of their bodies, ‘ and make fine and ranfom at the king’s will.’

In Judge Coke’s Inftitutes, part III. fok 19, we find that the caufe why this offence was made felony, was, for that the good coúrfe and effedt of the ftatutes of labourers was thereby violated and broken.

But Lord Coke adds, c All the ftatutes concerning labourers before this a<ft, and wheree unto thisaóf doth refer, are repealed by the 5th Eliz. cap. iv. where* by the caufe and end of making this aót is taken away, and confe* quently the aít is become of no forcé; for, cefl'ante ratione legis, ceffat t ipfa lex; and the inditftment of felony upon this ftatute rauft con‘ tain, that thofe chapters and congregations are to the violating and c breaking of the good courfe and efteót of the ftatutes of labourers; c which now cannot be fo alledged, becaufe thofe ftatutes be repealed. * Therefore this íhould be put out of the charge of juftices of the £ peace.’

This aól never obftruóled the free mafons in holding their chapters and congregations, becaufe it was never enforced; and, being confcious of their own integrity, and the reétitude of their proceedings, they ufed no endeavours to get it repealed. The objetfts of their meetings be­ ing far different from thofe ftated in the preamble of the ftatute, they contented themfelves with doing their duty; and relied on their conduδ¾ as men and as fubjeóis for juftification. A good deal of light is however thrown upon the matter under confideration, by the publication of a curious manufcript that refers to this time; and which appeared at Frankfort in Germany in the year 1748: it is introduced by a letter from our famous Mr. John Locke, dated 6th May, 1696, faid to have been found in the deík of a deceafed brother. In this letter Mr. Locke informs his correfpondent, that he has procured from the Bodleian library, a copy of that manufcript he was fo defirous to fee; and that he has fent it to him with his notes annexed to it: and he concludes P 2 with

107

HISTORY

108

OF

MASONRY

with exprcfΓmg an intention of entering into the fraternity the next time he werit to London. The manuícript from which it was copied appeared, he fays, to be about 16o years oíd; yet, from the title, is itfelf a copy of one yet more antient by about ioo years : and that it appears to be the examination of fome one of the brotherhood of mafons, taken probably bcfore King Henry VI. who entered himfelf among them when he carne out of his minority; and then put a ñop to the perfecution that had been raifed againfl them.

The following is an exaót copy of this examination, with Mr» Locke’s notes. íc

Certayne Questyons, wyth Awnsweres to the fame,. con“ cernynge the Myftery of Ma^onrye;

«= Wryttenne by the Hande of Kinge Henrye the Sixthe of tħe Ñame, “ and faythfullye copyed by me (i) Johan Leylande, Antiquarius, “ by the Commaunde of his (2) Highnefíe. “ They be as followethe r “ Queβ. What mote ytt be ? (3) “ Λnfw. Ytt beeth the íkylle of nature, the underflondynge of themyghte that ys hereynne, and its fondrye werckynges; fonderlyche, 4‘ the íkylle of reótenyngs, of waightes, and metynges, and the treu ma“ nere of faςonnynge all thynges for mannes ufe, headlye, dwellynges, (1) ‘ John Lcylande was appointed by King Henry VIII. at the diffblution. of ‘ monañeries, to fearch for and fave fucli books and records, as were valuable among • them. He was a man of great labour and induftry.’

(2) ‘ His HíghneJJ'e, meaning the faid King Henry VIII. * then the title of majefty.’

Our kings had not

(3) Wbat moteytt be? ‘ That is, what may this myftery ofmafonry be ?—The an‘ fwer imports, that it confifts in natural, mathematical, and mechanical knowledge. ‘ Some part of which, as appears by what follows, the mafons pretend to have taught the reft of mankind, and fome part they ftill conceal.’

« and

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

N

D.

109

ct and buyldynges of alie kindes, and alie odher tbynges tbat make “ gudde to manne. <e Quεβ. Where dyd ytt begynne ? tζ Λnfw. Ytt dyd begynne with the (4) fyrfte menne yn the elle, which were befare the (5) ffyrfte manne of the wefte, and comynge “ weftlye, ytt hathe brought herwyth alie comfortes to the wylde and “ comfortlefle. “ Que/i. Who dyd brynge ytt weft/ye ? “ Ληfw. The (6) Venetians whoo beynge grate merchaundes comed “ ffyrfte ffromme the efte ynn Venetia, ffor the commodytye of mar“ chaundyfynge beithe eafte an.d wefte, by the redde and myddle“ londe fees. “ Queft. Howe commede ytt ynEngelonde? *t Anfw. Peter Gower, (7) a Grecian, journeyedde ñor kunnynge yn « Egypte, (4-) (5) ‘ tyrfle menne yn the efte, &c.—It íhould feem by this, tbat mafons believe * there were men in the eaft before Adam, who is called the ffyrfte manne of the ‘ wefte; and that arts and fciences began in the eaft. Some authors of great note for ‘ learning have been of the fame opinión ; and it is certain, that Europe and Africa ‘ (which, in refpeít to Afia, may be called weñern countries,) were wild and favage, * long after arts and politenefs of manners were in great perfeétion in China and the * Indies.’

(6) ‘ The Venetians, &c.—In the times of monkiíh ignorance it is no wonder that ‘ the Phcenicians íhould be miftaken for the Venetians. Or, perhaps, if the people * were not taken one for the other, fimilitude of found might deceive the clerk who ‘ firñ took down the examination. The Phcenicians were the greateft voyagers * among the antients, and were in Europe thought to be the inventors of letters, ‘ which perhaps they brought from the eaft with other arts.’

(7) ‘ Peter Gower.—This muñ be anotlier miftake of the writer. I was puzzled ‘ at firñ to guefs, who Peter Gower íhould be, the ñame being perfeótly Engliíh j or * how a Greek íhould come by fuch a ñame : but, as foon as I thought of Pythagoras, * I could fcarce forbear fmiling, to fiad that philofopher had undergone a metempfy* chofis he never dreamt of. We need only confider the French pronunciaron of 1 his ñame Pythagore, that is, Petarore, to conceive how eafdy fuch a miftake might * be made by an unlcarned clerk. That Pythagoras travelled for knowledge into

‘ Egypt>

ι ισ ⅛- -lj ■- ∙-*

H IS T O R Y

O F

MASONRY

“ Egypte, and yn Syria, and yn everyche Iond whereas the Venetíans “ hadde plauntedde magonrye, and wynnage entrauncc yn al lodgcs “ of maconnes, he lerned muche, and retournedde, and woned yn “ Grecia Magna (8) wachfynge, and becommynge a myghtye (9) “ wyfeacre, and gratelyche renowned, and her he framed a grate lodge “ at Groton (10) and maked manye magonnes, íome whereoffe dyd “ journeye yn Fraunce, and maked manye maconnes, whercfromme, “ yn proceíTe of tyme, the arte pafled yn Englelonde. “ ⅜ueβ. Dothe maςonnes defcouer here artes unto odhers ? “ Λnfw. Peter Gower, whenne he journeyedde to lernne, was ffyrfte <{ (11) made, and anonne techedde; evenne fo íhulde all odhers beyn “ recht. Nathelefs (12) magonnes hauethe alweys yn everyche tyme “ from ‘ Egypt, is known to all the learned ; and that he was initiated into feveral díf‘ ferent orders of priefts, who in thofe days kept all their learning fecret from the * vulgar, is as well known. Pythagoras alfo made every geometrical theorem a fe‘ cret, and admitted only fuch to the knowledge of tl⅞em, as had firft undergone a ‘ five years filence. He is fuppofed to be the inventor of the XLVII. of the firft book ‘ of Euclid, for which, inthejoyof his heart, it is faid, he facriñced a hecatomb. ‘ He alfo knew the true fyftem of the world, lately revived by Copernicus ¡ and ‘ was certainly a moft wonderful man. See his life by Dion. Hal.’ (8) ‘ Grecia Magna.—A part of Italy formerly fo called, in which the Greeks had ‘ fettled a large eolony.’

(9) ‘ Wyfeacrí.—This word at prefent fignifies fimpleton, but formerly had a quite < contrary meaning. Weifager, in the oíd Saxon, is philofopher, wifeman, or wi— ‘ zard ; and, having been frequently ufed ironically, at length carne to have a direél ‘ contrary meaning in the ironical fenfe. Thus Duns Scotus, a man famed for the * fubtilty and acutenefs of his underñanding, has, by the fame method of irony, ‘ given a general ñame to modern dunces.’

(10) ‘ Groton.—Groton is the ñame of a place in England. The place here meant * is Crotona, a city of Grecia Magna, which in the time of Pythagoras was very po‘ pulous.’ (r 1) ‘ Fyrβe made.—The word made, I fuppofe has a particular meaning among ‘ the mafons ; perhaps it fignifies initiated.’

(12) ‘ Maconnes haueth cummunycatedde, &c.—This paragraph hath fomething re‘ markable in it. It contains a juftification of the fecrecy fo much boafted of by ma* fons,

I

N

ENGLAND.

r 11

44 frorη tyme to tyme communicatedde to mannkynde foche of her fe“ crettes as generallyche myghte be ufefulle’; they haueth keped “ backe foche allein as íhulde be harmfulle yff they commed yn euylle £C haundes, oder foche as ne myghte be holpynge wythouten the £C techynges to be joynedde herwythe in the lodge, oder foche as do £C bynde the freres more ftronglyche together, bey the proffytte, and £í commodytye commynge to the confrerie herfromme. “ Queft. Whatte artes haueth the maςonnes techcdde mankynde ? “ Λnjw. The arts ('13) agricultura, archite<ftura, aftronomia, geo44 metria, numeres, mufica, poefie, kymii⅛rye, governmente, and relyt£ gyonne.

44 Quefí. Howe commethe magonnes more teachcrs than odlier £e menne ?

44 Λnjw. The hemfelfe haveth allein in (14) arte of fyndynge nene ££ artes, whyche art the ffryfte magonnes receaued from Godde; by ££ the whyche they fyndethe whatte artes hem plefcthe, and the treu “ way of techynge the fame. Whatt odher menne d'oethe ffynde out, 44 ys onelyche bey chaunce, and herfore but lytel I tro. “ Queβ. Whatte dothe the ma<~pnnes concele and hyde ?

4 íóns, and fo much blamed by others; aíTerting, that they bave in all ages dílcovered 4 fuch things as inight be ufeful, and that they conceal fuch only as would be hurt4 ful either to the world or themfelves. What thefe fecrets are, we fee afterwards.’

(13) 'The αrts. Λgricultwa, &c.—It feems a bold pretence this of the mafons, * that they have taught mankind all thefe arts. They have tlieir own authority for 4 it; and I know not how we íhall difprove them. But what appears moft odd is, 4 that they reckon religión among the arts.

(14) 4 Λrte of ffyndynge neue artes.—The art of inventing arts muft certainly be a 4 moft ufeful art. My Lord Bacon’s Noτ>um Organurn is an attempt towards fome4 what of the fame kind. But 1 much doubt, that if ever tiie mafons had it, they 4 have now loft it; lince fo few new arts have been lately invented, and fo many are 4 wanted. The idea I have of fuch an art is, that it muft be fomething proper to be 4 applied in all the fciences generally, as algebra is in numbers, by the help of which β -new rules of arithmetic are and may be found.’

44 Λnfit>.

HISTORY

I 12

OF

MASONRY

“ Λnjw. They concelethe the art of ffyndynge neue artes, and thatt ys for here own proffytte, and (15) preife: they concelethe the art cc of kepynge (16) fecrettes, thatt foe the worlde mayeth nothinge cc concele from them.

They concelethe the art of wundervverckynge, cc and of fore fayinge thynges to comme, that fo thay fame artes may cc not be ufedde of the wyckedde to an euylleend; they alio con­ cc celethe the (17) arte of chaunges, the wey of wynnygnge the facc cultye (18) of Abrac, the íkylle of becommynge gude and parfyghte cc wythouten the holpynges of fere and hope; and the univerfelle (19) cc longage of maconnes. ec

(15) ‘ Preife.—It feems the mafons have liad great regard to the reputation as well * as the piofit of their order ; lince they make it one reafon for not divulging an art ‘ in common, that it may do honour to the poífeflbrs of it. I think in this particu* lar they íhew too much regard for their own fociety, and too little for the reft of ‘ mankind.’

(16) ‘ Arte of kepynge fecrettes.—What kind of an art this is, I can by no means ‘ imagine: but certainly fuch an art the mafons muft have; for though, as fome ‘ people fuppofe, they íhould have no fecret at al/, even that muft be a fecret which ‘ being difeovered, would expofe them to the higheft ridicule ¡ and therefore it re• quires the utmoft caution to conceal it.’

(17) ‘ Arte of chaunges—I know not what this means, unlefs it be the tranfmuta‘ tion of metáis.’

(18) ‘ Facultyc of Abrac.—Hcre I am utterly in the dark.’

(19) ‘ Univerfelle longage of maponnes.,—An univerfal language has been much de• íired by the learned of many ages : it is a thing rather to be wiíhed than hoped for. ‘ But it feems the mafons pretend to have fuch a thing among them. If it be true, ‘ I guefs it muft be fojnething like the language of the pantomimes among the antient ‘ Romans, who are faid to be able, by íigns only, to exprefs and deliver any oration ‘ intelligibly to men of all nations and languages. A man who has all thefe arts and • advantages, is certainly in e condition to be envied : but we are told, that this is * not the cafe with all mafons ; for though thefe arts are among them, and all have a ‘ right and an opportunity to know them, yet fome want capacity, and others indu‘ ftry, to acquire them. However, of all their arts and fecrets, that which I moft ‘ delire to know is, ‘ the íkylle of becommynge gude and parfyghte ;’ and I wiíh 'it ‘ were communicated to all mankind, fince there is nothing more true than the ‘ beautiful

I

N

ENGL

AND.

« Queβ Wylle he teche me thay fame artes ? « Λnfw. Ye íhalle be techedde yff ye be werthye, and able ta cc lerne. *t ¾tf∕2. Dothe alie magonnes kunne more then odhcr menne ? « Ληfw. Not fo. Thay onlyche haueth recht, and occafyonne more *t then odher menne to kunne, butt many doeth fale yn capacity, and <e manye more doth want induftrye, thatt ys pernecelTarye for the <e gaynynSe kuñnynge. <c Quefl. Are maconnes gudder menne then odhers ? tζ Λnjw. Some maconnes are not fo vertuous as fome odher menne: <e but, yn the mofle parte, they be more gude then thay would be yf *c thay war not magonnes. “ Queβ* Doth magonnes love eidther odher myghtyly as beeth w fayde? íC Λnfw. Yea verylyche, and yt may not odherwife be : for gude <£ menne, and trae, kennynge eidher odher to be foche, doeth always <£ love the more as thay be more gude. <c Here endethe the que∩yonnes and awnfweres.” * Even during this king’s mínoríty, there xvas a good lodge under grand mafter Chicheley, held at Canterbury, as appears from the La­ tín regiíler-of William Molart, ιf prior of Canterbury, in manufcript, pap. 88, in xvhich are named Thomas Stapylton the mafter, and John Morris cufias de la lodge lathomorum, or warden of the lodge of mafons, τvith fifteen fellow crafts, and three entered apprenticcs, all named there. And a record in the reign of Edward IV. fays, ‘ The compa* beautiful fentence contained in the laft anfwer, ‘ That the better men are, the more they love one another.’ Virtue having in itfelf fomething fo amiable as to charol * the hearts of all that behold it? ⅛⅛ Gent. Mag. vol. XXIII. p. 417.

+ Intitled, Liberado generalis Domini Gulicltni Priora Ecclefia Chriβi Caniuarienfi: erga Fejlum Natalls Domini 1429.

2

<’3

∏4

A. D. >45S∙ A. D. T461.

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

i ny of mafons, being otherwife termed free mafons, of auntient ‘ ftanding and good reckoning, by means of affable and kind meet‘ ings dyverfe tymes, and as a Ioving brotherhood ufe to do, did fre‘ quént this mutual afíembly in the tyme of Henry VI. in the twelfth ‘ year of his moft graciaus reign.’

Grand-mafter Cbicheley held alfo a lodge at Oxford, where he built AU-fouls’ college, and Bernard, now St. John’s college, &c. On his death, the king appointed William Wanefleet, biíhop of Winchefler, to be grand mafter, in building Eton college near Windfor, and King’s college in Cambridge; though, before the civil wars in this reign, the chapel of it was only finifhed, a mafterpiece of rich Gothic that can hardly be matched. The king alfo founded Chrift’s college, Cam­ bridge, afterward finifhed by Margaret Beaufort, countefs of Richmond; and his queen Margaret of Anjou founded Queen’s college, Cambridge. Wanefleet, alfo, at his own coft, built Magdalen college, Oxford; and others about twelve religious houfes. So that, before the king’s troubles, the mafons were much employed, and in great efteem; for the aforefaid record fays farther, that * the charges and laws of the ‘ free mafons have been feen and perufed by our late foveraign King t Henry VI. and by the lords of his mofl honourable council, who have * allowed them; and deciared, that they be right, good, and reafon‘ able to be holden, as they have been drawn out, and colleófed from, * the records of auntient tymes,. &c.

Mafonry was negleéted during the feventeen years of the bloody civil wars between the two royal houíes of Lancafter and York; for, Henry being a weak prince, parties againft him grew ftrong;. and Rich­ ard Plantagenet, duke of York, fon of Richard earl of Cambridge, and Anne Mortimer, the heirefs of Clarence, claimed the crown in right of his mother. After twelve battles, Henry loff the crown; for though Richard, duke of York, was flain at the battle of Wakefield, yet his fon Edward, earl of March, feizing the metrópolis, procured himfelf to be eleéied king.

Edward

I

N

ENGLAND.

”5

Edward IV. employed the grand mal⅛er Richard Beauchamp, biíhop of Sarum, to repair the royal caftles and palaces after the wars, and to malee the ca∩le and chapel of Windfor more magnificcnt; for which the biíhop was made chancellor of the Garter. Great men alfo repaired and built apace; and now the Londoners rebuilt their walls and gates ; while others raifed feven religious houfes.

Edvvard V. a minor, was proclaimed, but not crowned; being with A. D. his brother murdered in the tower, by order of their únele and guar- 14^3∙ dian, Richard duke of Gloucefter.

Richard III. though his charaóter is ílained * by the bafe expedients he employed to attain fovereign power, reigned a wife and valiant prince, ti 11 he was ∩ain by Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, in the battle of Bofworth. Thus ended the houfe of York; and alfo the four1485∙ teen kings, called Plantagenets, of the houfe of Anjou. * Mr, Walpole has exerted no little ingenuity to excúlpate Richard from theheavy accufations caít upon him; on the pleas that his fucceffor was interefted in blackening his cliaraéter, and that our accounts of him are through the médium of the Lancaftrian hiftorians, ftrengthened by the poetical mifreprefentations of him in Shakefpeare’s plays, written under the fame influence. (See fR^αlpole,s Hi/loric Doubts or the Life and Reign ef-Richard III. 4t0. 1768.) What this gentleman has urged on fo paradoxical a fubjeót will at leaít entertain, though it íhould fail in convincing, the reader; and indeed it is difficult to conceive that a uniform train of public faéts, happening in our own country, in an age when the dawn of literature had already commenced, could be fo totally perverted under any influence whateyer.

2

C H A P.

KISTO R Y

fió

OF

MASONRY

C H A P.

V.

State of Mafonry in England from King Henry NU. till the Unión of ths Britifb Crowns,

H.EN King Richard III. was flain at Bofworth, his crown was forthwith put tipon the head of the conqueror, Henry earl of A. D. Richmond, in the field of battle and. the army proclaimed hi ry yjj king of England; ñor did he ever afíe ¿i any other ti tle and:

W 14⅛>

A. D.

-0 1502.

claim. But his wife Elizabeth Plantagenet,. daughter of King Edward IV. was truly the heirefs t-o the pretenfions of the houfe of York, and conveyed her right to the children by this marriage-.

In this reign the Gothic Rile was brought to its higheft perfección in England, while it had been wholly laid afide in Italy. by the revivers of the oíd Auguñan ftile ;• for John Iflip, abbot of Weñminfter, finiíned the repairs of that abbey, as it ftood. till. the late reparations in qui time.

The grand mafter and feflows of the order of St. John at Rhodes, now at Malta, aflembled at their grand lodge, elecCed King Henry their protector.

This royal grand mafter chofe for his wardens, or dcputies, the forefaid John Iflip, abbot of Weftminfter, and Sir Reginald Bray, knight of the Garter; by whom he fummoned a lodge of mafters in the palace, and walked in ampie form to the eaft end of Weftminfter abbey, where he levelled the footftone of his fa'mous chapel; the fplendor of which claims particular notice. This chapel, which deferves to have ftood alone, inftead of being made an appendage to another fabric, is ftiled by Leland the wonder of the world ! It is fituated to the eaft of the abbey, to which it is fo neatly joincd, that on a fuperficial view it appears to belong to the building. It is fupported without by fourteen

I

N

ENGLAND.

teen Gothíc buttrefies, all beautifolly ornamented, projctfting from the building in different angles ; and is enlightened by a double range of tvindows that throws the light into fuch a happy difpofition as at once to pleafe the eye, and afford a kind of folemn gloom. Thefe buttrefies extend up the roof, and are made to ñrengthen it by their being crowned with Gothíc arches. In thefe buttrefies are niches, in which formcrly ftood a number of ftatues but thefe, being greatly decayed, have been long taken dotVn. This chapel is one of the moft expenfive remaras of oíd Engliíh tafle and magnificence; there is no looking tipon it without admiration: yer, perhaps, its beauty confifts much more in the workmaníhip than in the contrivance. It gives forne idea of the fine ftile of Gothíc architeéhire in that age, which feems to have been then in its meridian. The en­ trance is from the eaft end of the abbey, by a fliglit oí fteps of black marble, under a very noble arch, that leads to the gates opening to the body of the chapel: for, like a cathedral, it is divided into a nave and fide aifles, to which you may enter by a door 011 each hand. The gates at the entrance of the nave are of brafs frame work curiouíly wrought, and have in∙every other open pannel, a rofe and portcnllis alternately.

Being entered, the eye is naturally directed to the loñy cdling, wrought in the moft admirable manner, with an aftoniíhing variety of figures, impofiible to be defcribed. The ftalls on each fide are of oak, with Gothíc canopies, moft beautifully carved, as are alfo the feats. In the middle of the eaft end of the nave, is placed the magnificent tomb of the founder; inclofed with a fcreen of eaft brafs, moft admirably defigned and executed ; this fcreen is 19 feet in ltngth, 11 in breadth, and the fame in height. It was ornamented with ftatues, of which thofe only of St. James, St. Bartholomew, St. George, andSt. Edward, are now remaining; and alfo with other devices alluding to the family cf Ring Henry VII. as porteullifes, fignifying his relation to the Beauforts by his mother’s fide; rofes twifted and crowned, in memory of the unión of the two houfes of Lancafter and York, by his marriage; and

117

118

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

and at each end, a crown in a buíh, alluding to the crown of Rich­ ard III. found in a hawthorn buíh, near Bofworth field, where the famous battle was fought in which Richard loft his life. Within the rails are the effigies of the royal pair, in their robes of ñate, on a tomb of black marble, the head whereof is fupported by a red dragón, the enfign of Cadwalladar, from whom Ring Henry VII. was fond of tracing his defcent, and the foot by an ángel. The walls both of the nave and the fide aiíles are adorned with the moft curious fculpture imagin­ able, and contain 120 ílatues of patriarchs, faints, martyrs, and confeffors; under which are angels fupporting imperial crowns, befide in­ numerable fmall ones ; all of them eñeemed fo curious, that the beít mafters are faid to travel from abroad to copy them. The roof of the fide aiíles is fiattiíh, and fupported on arches between the nave and fide aiíles, turning upon twelve fkately Gothic pilláis, curiouíly adorned with figures, fruitage and foliage. The windows, beíide a fpacious one at the eaft end, are thirteen on each fide above, and as many below; and were formerly painted, having in each pane a white rofe, the badge of the houfe of Lancafter; an H, the initial letter of the founder’s ñame, or portcullifes crowned, the badge of the Beauforts’ family; of which there are lome ftili remaining.

This chapel was originally defigned as a fepulchre folely for the ufe of thofe of royal blood; and fo far has the will of the founder been obferved, that none have been yet interred there, but thofe of high quality, whofe defcent may generally be traced from fome of our antient kings.

This king employed his grand warden Bray to raife the middle cha­ pel of Windfor, and to rebuild the palace of Sheen upon Thames, which the king called Richmond; and to enlarge the oíd palace of Greenwich, calling it Placentia; where he built the pretty box called the queen’s houfe. He rebuilt Baynard caftle, London; founded fix monafteries, and turned the oíd palace of Savoy into an hofpital; while others built Brazen-nofe college, Oxford; Jeíus’s and St. John’s colIegesj

I

N

ENGLAND.

ιτ9

Ieges, Cambridge, and about fix religious houfes; till the king, aged only 54 years, died; leaving his crown, and the care of the craft, to his fon and fuccefíor, Henry VIII. in whofe reign Cardinal Wolfey was chofen grand ma- a. D. fter, who built Hampton-court, and Whitehall palaces; the college of 15°9* Chrift’s church, Oxford; and feveral more good edifices; which, upon his difgrace, were forfeited to the crown. Thomas Cromwell, earl of Eflex, was the next patrón to the craft under this king; for whom he built St. James’s palace, Chrift’s hofpital, London, and Greenwich caftle. Meanwhile the king and parliament threw off the oíd yoke of the pope’s fupremacy; the king was declared the fupreme head of the church in England, and the religious houfes, in number about 926, a. D. were fupprefíed.

Cromwell, earl of Eflex, being unjuftly beheaded, 1539∙ .

John Touchet, lord Audley, became grand mafter.

But the fuppreflion of religious houfes did not hurt mafonry j on the contrary, architeéture of a finer ftile gained ground: for thofe re­ ligious houfes and their lands being fold by the king, at eafy rates, to the nobility and gentry, they built out of their ruins many ftately maníions: thus grand mafter Audley built Magdalen college, Cambridge, and his great houfe of Audley-end.

Edward VI. born by Queen Jane Seymour, a minor of nine years, A. D. fucceeded, under the regency of his mother’s brother, Edward duke of Somerfet, who eftabliíhed the Proteftant religión; and, as grand mafter, built his palace in the Strand, called ftill Somerfet-houfe: and, when the regent was beheaded, John Poynet, biíhop of Winchefter, was the patrón of the free mafons, till the king died without ifíue.

Mary, daughter of Queen Katharine of Arr2g0n, fucceeded her bro- a. D. ther Edward, as queen fovereign. She reftored the Romifh religión, 1553∙ and perfecuted the proteftants; married Philip II. king of Spain, loñ Calais, and died without iíTue. Elizabeth, daughter of Queen Anne Boleyn, fucceeded her fifter A p Mary. She reftored the Protςftant religión, and was declared fupream J558∙ head

120

A. D. ,570∙

HIST0RY

OF MASONRY

head of the church. Now learning of all forts revived, the Auguflari flile began to take place of Gothic architeéture; and it would havc foon made great progrefs, if the queen had pofTcfled a tafte for building; but hearing that the mafons had certain fecrets that could not be revealed to her, and being jealous of all fecret afíemblies, íhe fcnt art armed forcé to break up their annual grand lodge at York, on St. John’s day, 1561 : butSirThomas Sackville, grand mafler, took care to make fome of the chief mea fent on that errand free mafons, who, then joining in that communication, made an honourable report to the queenς and íhe never more attempted to diílurb them; but efteemed them as a peculiar fort of men, that cultivated peace and friendíhip, arts and fciences, without meddling in the affairs of church or ftate.

In this reign fome colleges were built, and many ftately maníions, particularly the famous Burleigh-houfe; for travellers had brought home goods hints of the happy revival of the Auguftan flile in Italy, with fome of the fine drawings and defigns of the beft architeéls; whereby the Engliíh began to ílight the Gothic flile, and would have intirely left it off, if the queen had encouraged the craft.

Here it is proper to fignify the fentiment and pra<5⅜ice of the oíd mafons, viz. that kings and other male fovereigns, when made ma­ fons, are grand mafters, by prerogative, during life; and appoint a deputy, or approve of his eleótion, to prefide over the fraternity with the title and honoursof grand mafler: but if the fovereign is a female, or not a brother, or a minor under a regent, not a brother: or if the male fovereign or the regent, though a brother, is negligent of the craft; then the oíd grand officers may afíemble the grand lodge in due form, to eleét a grand mafler, to be annually rechofen while it is mutually agreeable. Accordingly, when Grand-mafter Sackville declined, ■Francis Ruflel, earl of Bedford, was chofen in the north : and in the fouth Sir Thomas Greíham, who built the firft royal exchange at London. Next, Charles Howard, lord of Effingham, was grand mafler in the fouth, till 1588j then George Haftings, earl of Huntingdon, till the

I

N

ENGLAND.

121

thc queen died; when tħe crowns of England and Scotland were united in her fuccefibr, James VI. king of Scotland, fon of Mary Stuart, daughter of King James V. fon of King James IV. by his queen Margaret, eldeft daughter of Henry VII. king of England, by his queen Elizabeth Plantagenet, the heirefs of England: and he was proclaimcd at London, James I. king of England, France, and Ireland, on thc 25th of March, 1603.

C H A P.

HISTORY

122

OF

C H A P.

MASON R Y

VI.

Siafe of Mafomy in Scotland till the Unión of the Jdritijh Crowns.

H E early hiftory of Scotland, which fome of their writers trace from incredible aeras, commences, like fimilar chronicles of EngIand, in dark fabulous legends, deftitute of any authentic vouchers to eftabliíh fa<fts, or the long race of kings they claim. No nation can carry their hiftory up much higher than the introduélion of letters among thcm ; for loofe tradition cannot afcertain a continued feries of dates, or preferve a conneéted detailof circumftances, worthy of being accepted as hiftory: yet, as has been obferved, traditions are not to be altogether rejeéted; for whatever may be the refult of the controverfy exited by the recent publication of Offian’s poems, the fragments of antient Celtic fongs ftill in the moυths of the common people in remote parts of Scotland, and in the weftern iíles, had, in all probability, their origin in events now irrecoverably funk in the fea of oblivion. It is to the works of mafons alone, that we can appeal for cotemporary evidences of the martial fpirit of the times commemorated in the epic fongs of the antient Gaelic bards. This art, the fírft cultivated by the human race, preferves memorials of higher antiquity than any júnior art can pretend to: accordingly, in taking up the mafonic hiftory of the northern part of this iíland, we are, by fome late extraordinary difcoveries, called back from the cultivated fcenes we have juft left, into the obfeurities of unknown ages : and the remains we are now about to defcribe, are of fo peculiar a nature for durability, that whatever may be their real age, there is a poftibility at leaft, of their being more an­ tient than any other works of human hands now in exiftence. The re­ mains alluded to, are truly mafonical operations, becaufe fíone was the material employed in thcm; but it muft be confeflcd, the application of

T

I

N

SCOTLAND.

of it was by a Angular procefs that hiñory is a ñranger to, and the moft cxpert mafons have yet to learn!

The Highlands of Scotland, being remote, wild, and difficult ofacceís, have been very little explored before the late rebellion in 1745 ; but Mr. Williams, a mineral engineer, has lately found among them fome hills with the ruins of forts on them; the walls of which, inñead of conññing of ñones laid in mortar, are formed of ñones ail run and compaéfed into one vitrified mafs, by the forcé of fire! This has been done fo effeélua/iy, that moft of the ñones have been meltcd down; and where any parts of them have not been reduced to a ñate of fufion, they are, however, intirely enveloped in the vitrified fubftance of the reñ: and in fome places the vitrification has been fo compleat, that the ruins now appear like vañ maffes of courfe glafs or flags.

A fort of this kind was found on the hill of Knockfarril, on the fouth fide of the valley of Strathpeffar, two miles weñ of Dingwall in Rofs-ffiiret another is on the hill of Craig Phadrick, immediately above the houfe of Muirtoun, two miles weft of Invernéis: about twelve or fourteen miles from Invernéis are two more, near the cañle of Calder, in Nairn-ffiire: another within three miles of fort Auguftus; and ano­ ther about the fame diñance from fort William; befide others not necefláry to enumérate.

Thefe forts, though they have a level arca within, yet they are all fituated on hills difficult of approach, except by one país, which is ftrengthe-ned by additional works; and being in many places overgrown with heath and grafs, may be the reafon why thefe extraordinary ruins have not attraóled earlier notice.

As to the formation of fuch Angular walls, it refts wholly on conjecture; and they are fuppofed to have been rather cafl, than built. It is imagined that two parallel dikes of earth muft have been raifed, in the dire&ion of the intended buildings, with a fpace between them, for the intended width of the wall, This mould being AUed with fuel, the R 2 ñones

3 i__,2 .—J

124

A. D.

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

ñones thrown in upon ir, would be fucceffively melted down, and rctained by the íide banks vvithin the proper bounds: and when the wall was thus raifed to its due height, by removing the earth from each íide, the vitrified maís would remain erect and intire. As Scotland abounds with thofc kinds of ñones, that will eafily melt by fire, and as the greater part of the country was antiently overgrown with wood ; the eonllruélors of thefe forts were under no difficulty in procuring the neceflary materials. * When we behold works of an uncommon kind, we are apt, in our moments of admiration, to attribute more of intention and íkill to the workmen than may, upon refleélion, appear to be due to them. Stone in a vitrified ñate, or even baked compofitions, will ordinarily far outlaft ftone as dug from the quarry; witnefs Román brick-work, and the great wall of China: but it is not likely that the antient rude Scots thought ío deeply, or took fuch extraordinary labour from that motive; for as the common method of building would have been far more eafily executed, and would have proved equally fecure againft the modes of attack then in ufe; it will appear more than probable, that thefe hills were thus fortified, before the natives had learned the ufe of mortar. On this ñiggeñion therefore, we have a notable inftance of the ñrange expedients mankind were driven to, before they attained a proficiency in the arts of human life 1 The hiftory of the firft kings of the Scots in Albín, or the weílern parts beyond the Clyde, and the middle Grampian hills j and alfo that of the Piéis in Caledonia, along the Germán fea-coaft, and toward England, being obfcure, and not containing much to our purpofe; we may begin with the reftoration of the kingdom of Albin (according to the Scottiíh chronicle) made by King Fergus II. Mac Erch. Even after that period, the hiílory of both thefe nations confiíis moftly of hoñile * See Williams’s dccaunt of Jome Remarcable dntient Ruins lately difcovered in ihe Jiighlandst ⅛vo. 1777. alfo jirchcelogiat vol. v.

tranfaéiions.

I

N

SCOTLAND.

tranfaélions. We learn indeed, that the Piéis were a more mechanical and mercantile people than the Scots, had built many cities, and fir∩ founded all the ñrong caftles in their dominión; while the Scots affefted rather to be a nation of foldiers.

Keneth II. M,ac Alpin, king of Scots, demoliíhed the kingdom of A. D. the Piéis, and fo became the firft king of all Scotland. He repaired the 842' public edifices after the wars: but both the branches of his royal race were moílly engaged in war till the time of King Malcolm II. This king firft compiled the laws, in the famous book of Scotland, called Regiam Majeβatem↑, partitioned the land inrσ baronies, founded the bifhopric of Aberdeen, in memory of his routing the Norwegians; ^17'

cultivated arts and fciences, and fortified his towns and caflles.

Macbeth, an ufurper, built the caílle of Duníinnan and Lumfannun, f¿c. and much encouraged the craft, till cut off by Macduff.

Malcolm III. Canmore, was reftored when Macbeth was ílain. He a. D. built the oíd church of Dunfermling, a royal fepulchre, and levelled IO57: the foot-ftone of the oíd cathedral of Durham, which he richly endowed. He fortified his borders, caftles and fea-ports, as the royal grand mafter and patrón of arts and fciences.

Alexander I. built the abbies of Dunfermling, and St. Colm’s Inch, Died St. Michael’s at Scone, &c. and patronized the craft. n2ψ' David I. built the abbey of Holyrood-houfe, and the cáthedrals of four biíhoprics that he eflablifhed. The clergy called him St. David, for his great endowments to the church; and the mafons revered him Died as their beneficent grand mafter.

1153∙ William the Lion, built a palace at Aberdeen, rebtiilt the town of Perth after a fire; and was an excellent grand maiier,by the affiftance of the nobility and clergy.

During the competition between Bruce and Baliol, mafonry was negleéled; but after the wars, King Robert I. Bruce, having fettled his kingdom, employed the craft in repairing the cafiies, palaces, and religious houfes; and the nobility and clergy followed his example.

The

I2Ó

A. D. ι370∙

A. D. 1411.

A. D. 1424.

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

The particulars had been more amply and accurately difcovered, if the learned of Scotland had publiíhed a Monaβicon Scoticanum, with an account of oíd palaces and caílles, in a chronological deduólion: a work long wiíhed for.

King David II. Bruce, after his reftoration, built David’s Tower in Edinburgh caftle, and much affeéted mafonry. He died without ifíue, leaving the crown to his fifter’s fon, who began the houfe of Stuart.

Robert II. Stuart, left the care of mafonry to the eminent clergy, then very a&ive in raifing religious houfes.

Robert III. being fickly, left the government to the care of his brother Robert duke of Albany, a great patrón of the craft.

James I. lived many years a captive in England, and governed Scot­ land by his regent, the aforefaid Robert duke of Albany.

Henry Wardlaw, biíhop of St Andrew’s, was then grand mafter, and founded the univeríity there, though it had been long before a feminary for education.

Robert duke of Albany died, and his fon Duke Murdoch was regent till the king was ranfomed, reíiored, and crowned.

King James I. who had received his education in England, proved the beft king of Scotland, the patrón of the learned, and countenanced the lodges with his prefence, as the royal grand maffer. * He fettled a revenue of £.4 Scots (an Engliíh noble) to be paid by every mañer mafon in Scotland to a grand mafter, chofen by the grand lodge, and approved by the crown; one nobly born, or an eminent clergyman, who had his deputies in cities and counties: and every new brother at entrance paid him alfo a fee. His office impowered him to regúlate in the fraternity what íhould not come under the cognizance of law courts : to him appealed both mafon and lord, or the builder and founder, when at variance, in order to prevent law pleas; and, in his abfence, they appealed to the deputy or grand warden, that refided next to the premifes. # This is the tradition rccordcd by the Scottiíh mafon».

This

I

N

SCOTLAND.

127

This office remained till the civil wars, but is now obfolete; ñor a. D. can it be revived but by a royal grand mafler. This excellent Ring 1^4°∙ repaired Falkland and his other palaces, fortified all his caflles and fea-ports, and influenced the nobility to follow his example in employing the craft; till he was bafely murdered in the Dominican abbey at A. D. Perth, by his únele Walter Stuart, earl of Athol ⅛ being juftly lamented 1∙437∙ by all.

In the reign of James II. William Sinclair, the great earl of Orkney and Caithnefs, was grand mafler, and built Roflin chapel near Edin- λ p burgh, a mafterpiece of the beft Gothic flile. Next Biffiop Turnbull, 1441.

A. D.

James III. employed the craft more extenfively than any Ring before 1454' bim; particularly at Stirling, where he ereéted a fpacious hall, anda íplendid chapel-royal in the caflle, by the direéiion firft of Sir Robert Cochran, and next of Alexander Lord Forbes, grand mafters.

Under James IV. grand-mafter William Elphinfton, biffiop of Aberdeen, by the king’s orders, founded the univerfity there. Elphinfton, A. D. at his own coft, ere<fted the curiotis bridge over the Dee, near Aberdeen, I494’ which was finiffied by his fticceflbr, Biffiop Gavin Dnnbar, an excellent grand mafler, who built many other fine flruétures. This Ring delighted mofl in ffiip building, and increafed his royal navy; he was a „ very warlike prince, and loft his life in Flodden-field.

1513.

By his wife Margaret Tudor, eldeft daughter of Henry Vil. king of England, he had James V. who became the ingenious patrón of the learned, efpecially of the mufes. In this reign the noble Gavin Don- a. D. glas, biffiop of Dunkeld, was grand mafter,till he died. Next, George i512' Creighton, abbot of Holyrood-houfc : and then Patrick earl of Lindfay, the progenitor of our late grand mafler Crawfurd. He was fneceeded in that office by Sir David Lindfay, lion king at arms, * flill mentioned with refpeéf among Scottiffi maíons.

Mary, * This knight is however better known as a poet than as a mafon : we have a volume of his poetical pieces, in which he took fo many bberties with his words to make them

128

A. D. 1561.

A. D. i565∙

A. D. 1568∙ A. D. 1587-

A. D. i578∙

A. D. 1589.

A. D. 1603,

HISTORY

OF

MASON R Y

Mary, qucen of Scotland, became queen confort of France; and, after the death of her firft huíband, Ring Francia II. without iffue, íltc returned to Scotland, and broυght with her fome fine connoifieurs in the Aυguftan ffile. She next married Henry Stuart, lord Darnley, eldeft fon of Matthew earl of Lenox, and has been ñrongly fufpeóted of deftroying him, to facilítate her third marriage with the earl of Bothwell. This odious marriage, her attachment to the Romiíh reli­ gión, and other difputes, operatcd to caufe her to be dethroned; and, being defeated in battle, íhe fled for íhelter into England; where Queen Elizabeth detained her for many years a prlfoner; and, at laft, for reafons of ftate, beheaded her.

James VI. upon his mother’s abdication, was crowned king of Scot­ land, aged thirteen months, was bred under four fucceffive regents; and, whenaged near twelve years, affumed the government. Hefoundedthe univerfity of Edinburgh; and afterward failed to Denmark, where he married Anne princefs royal, and vifited the noble Tycho Brahe, the prince of aítronomers, in his Scarlet Ifland.

The nobility and gentry, having divided the inordinate revenues of the church, built many ftately manfions out of the ruins of religious houícs, as was done in England; and the mafons began to imítate the Aiiguñan ffile, under the direólion of feveral fucceffive grand mafters.

For, after the death of Sir David Lindfay, Andrew Stewart, lord Ochiltree, was grand mafter; next Sir James Sandilands, knight of Malta: then Claude Hamilton, lord Paifley, progenitor of our late grand mafter Abercorn, who made Ring James a brother mafon, and continued in office till the unión of the crowns.

Before this period, not only the crown was pofícffed of many fine palaccs and ftrong cañlcs, but alfo the nobles and chiefs of clans had fortified themfelves, becaufe of their frequent feuds or civil wars; and them rhytnc with each other j that when the Scots meet with an unufual expreíiion, it is proverbial ainong them to obferve—-There i¡ iiaeJic a word in a' Davy Lindjay /

the

I

N

τ29

SCOTL AND.

the clergy had built many abbies, churches, monafteries, and other religious houfes, of as fine Gothic as any in Europe. The fraternity in Scotland, according to the traditions of the Scots mafons in the antient lodges of Killwinning, Stirling, Aberdeen, &c. ufed formerly to affemble in the monafteries in foul weather; but, in fair weather, they met early in the morning, on the tops of hills, efpecially on St. John the evangelift’s day; and from thence walked, in due form, to the places where they were to diñe.

C II A P.

H I ST O RY

OF

C H A P.

M ASO N RY

VII.

State of Mafonry in Ireland, till Grand-maβer Kingjion, A D. 1730, H E vanity of tracing a people back until- they reacli a refρe<ftable origin, and can be conneóled with fome eminent perfonages in very antient facred or profane ílory; has operated upon the natíonal partiality of Irifh hillorians, as wellas on thofe of other countries..

Tbus our Hibernian neigbbours have been deduced from Partholan, a. defcendant from Magog, a fon of Japhet, who is faid to havc landed in.

Ireland, about 278 years after tile flood. Other colonizations are affirmed to havc been made from Greece, and particularly from Phoenicia; a great correfpondence being fotind between the cuítoms of the Phoenicians, and the antient Irifh.* Many learned. invefiigations have been eagerly purfued for the purpofe of determining whether Scotland was firft peopled from Ireland, or Ireland from Scotland: but not to fpcnd our time amid the uncertainties of lapfed ages, where conjetures can only be encountered by proba bilí ties, we fliall endeavour to take up the hiílory of this cotintry at a humbler sera,, that we may leave hypothetical conteíls behind ns: for, as the Romans never invaded Ireland, we have no good vonchers of what happened there before St. Patrick, in the days of Ring Leoghair -∣⅛, founded St. Patrick’s at Armagh, and the priory of St. Avog at Loch-Derg, near the cave calledSt. Patrick’s purgatory: but afterward many religious laoufes appeared throughout Ire­ land. Ñor did the Anglo-Saxons invade Ireland; but the venerable Bede extols, in the higheft manner, the learning, fantity, and niagnificence of the Irifh nation; and informs us, that by them, the Saxons were firft converted to Chriflianity: and that in the eighth century,

T

* O’Halloran’s Hifory of Ireland, + Sir James Wareh Antiq. H'ib'ern.

many

I

N

IRELAND.

131

many Britons, Saxons, and Franks, refortcd to the fchools of Ireland for education. But the Norwegians and Danés conquered the moft part of the iíland; and though, at fiift, they deftroyed the religious houfes, they built many caílles and forts, with lofty beacons, to alarm the whole country in an hour of danger; till they were converted to Chriftianity by the Iriíh, when the Danés alfo built religious houfcs ; as at Dublin, St. Mary’s abbey, and Chrift-church.

That letters were early cultivated in Ireland, is not to be difputed; very oíd Iriíh manufcripts having been brought to light, that eílablifh the faót; particularly one intitled, * LeíTons for a Prince,’ addreíTed to that celebrated monarch of Ireland, Brian Boiromhe, * who defeated and expelled the Danés at the battle of Clontarfe. The Hile of this compolition is faid to be not unlike that of the Proverbs of Solomon; and the fine moral and poetic fpirit which animales the whole, fufficiently evinces that civilizaron had made a confiderable progrcfs there, before the invafion of Henry II. ∙f∙ On this defeat, the far greater part of the Danés were forced to fail home; and carried with them, as the Iriíh affirm, the moft valuable records of Ireland! But the learned of other nations long to fee the remaining manufcripts of Ireland publifhed with good tranílations, and alio a bettcr Monaflicon Hibernicum; that, among other antiquities, the vcfh’ges of thcir oíd Celtic architeólure might, if pofíible, be traced: for the Auguftan ñile had never been there, and the Gothic was only introduced by St. Patrick.

After the expulfion of the Danés, the Milefian kings of Ireland ordered the palaces, caftles, and religious houfes, to be repaired, and much employed the craftdown to Roderic OiConnor, the laft monarch A. D. of all Ireland, who built the wonderful caílle of Tuam, now demoliíh- 1168∙ ed. But the roya! branches, having made thcmfelves pctty fovereigns, were embroiled in frequent civil wars: one of them, Dermot king of ♦ From wnom our late Grand-mañer Inchiquin is lineally defcended.

f Philofofhical Survey of the Soutb of Ireland, 8vo, 1777.

S 2

Lcinfter,

HISTORY

a. D. 1172.

A.D. 1199.

A. D. 1210.

A.D. 1216.

A. D. 1230.

OF

MASONRY

Leiníler, being defeated by the others, carne to Henry II. king of England, and got leave to contradi with fome adventurers, viz. Richard Strongbow, earl of Pembrokc; Robert Fit-Stephen of Cardigan, and Maurice Fitz-Gerald; who broυght over an army of Welch and Englifh to Dermot’s affiílance, took Dublin, Waterford, and many other places, which they fortified and furrendered into the hands of their king Henry II. as foon as he had followed them into Ireland.

The Irifh inítíl, that King Henry II, did not conquer Ireland; only that fome of their petty princes, rather than be farther embroiled in civil wars, chofe to come under bis proteélion, and of their own accord received the laws of England, with the freedom of a parliamenc at Dublin. But, w.here the Englifh prevailed, mafonry and other arts were much encouraged. Thus the faid Strongbow, lord warden of Ireland, built the priory of Kill-Mainham; while St. Bar founded the abbey of Finbar. John de Courcy, earl of Kinfale, rebuilt the abbey of St. Patrick in Down, the priories of Nedrum and St. John’s, with St. Mary’s abbey of Inny’s, &c. In the reign of Richard I. Alured, a noble Dañe, built St. John’s in Dublin; and Archbiíhop Comin re­ built St. Patrick’s there, all of ílone, which before was only of timber and wattles, King John was king of Ireland, as the Irifh affirm, till his brother Richard died; and afterward went into Ireland, and employed Henry Launders, archbiíhop of Dublin and lord juílice, as grand ma∩er, in building the caílle of Dublin.; while William earl of Pembroke built the priory of Kilkenny.

King Henry III. granted Ireland a Magna Chanta, the fame with that of England. Félix O'Quadam, archbiíhop of Tuam, rebuilt St. Mary’s, Dublin, and covered it with lead; while Hugh de Lacy, earl of Ulíler, founded Carrick-Fergus, a friary in Down, the priory of Ards, and Trim caílle, &c. as grand-maíler, or patrón of the craft.

The native princes lived quietly with the Engliíh till the reign of King Edward II. when Edward Bruce, brother of Robert Bruce, king

I

N

IRELAND,

«33

king of Scotland, headed the confederated Iriíh, conquered thc iíland, was crowned king of all Ireland, and reigned three years; till Roger Mortimer, earl of March, landed with a ftrong Engliíh army, and ílew King Edward Bruce in battle.

After this, mafonry in the Engliíh fettlements revived, and alfo in the north of Ireland; where theScots had gradually fettled, and brought with them good Gothic mafonry. At laft, the natives regarded the kings of England as the lawful fovereign lords of Ireland, down to King Henry VIII. who, in deñance of the pope, proclaimed himfelf A p. king of Ireland, which was confirmed in the parliament at Dublin.

1542∙ Henry, king of Ireland, was íucceeded by his fon Edward, and he by his fifter Mary, who got Pope Paúl IV. to make her queen of Iré- a β land: íhe was fucceeded by her fifter Queen Elizabeth,. who founded 1591/ the famous univerfity of Dublin.

Mafonry made fome progrefe in Ireland, in the reigns of James I. and Charles I. till the civil wars, when all arts were negleéled till the reftoration: after which, archite<fture was revived by fome of the difciples of Iñigo Jones, in the reign of Charles II. and till the wars of King James II; but, after King William had fettled the country, fciences were again well cultivated in the reigns of Queen Anne and King George I. Many are the beautiful rcmains of the beft Gothic archite<fture in this fine iíland, of which the learned of that country only, can give a chronological deduólion. But, fince the revolution, the Auguftan ftile has been much encouraged there, both by the government, and the nobility and gentry: fo that the metrópolis Dublin is now adorned with a ftately tholfel, or town-houfe, an cxcellent cuftom-honfe, a curious armory in the caftle, a fine library in the univerfity, neat and convenient barracks for the garrifon, a royal hoípital for oíd foldiers; Stephen’s-green íquare, the largeft in Europe, being an Engliíh mile round; Stephen’s hofpital, befide churches and other edifices, raifed by good architeéfs, particularly by Thomas Burgh, Efq. late furveyor-general

i

1-34 t

A. D. 1729∙

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY, &c.

ñera! of Ireland, and his fucceíTor Sir Edward Lovct Pcarce, the architetft of the magnificent parliament-houfe, founded when Lord Carteret was lord lieutenant.

At laft the antient fraternity of the free and acccpted mafons in Ire­ land, being duly aflémbled in their grand lodge at Dublin, chofe a grand mafter, in imitation of their brethren of England; this was James Ring, lord vifcount Kingfton, the very next year after his lordfhip had with great reputation, been the grand mafter of England. This nobleman introduced the fame conftitutions and antient ufages, which are followed in England; and he has been annually fucceeded by noble brothers in Solomon’s chair; the grand lodge of Ireland continuing lattdably zealous in propagating the fcience of geometry and the roya! art of mafonry.

i.

C O N-

CONSTITUTIONS OF

THE

FRATERNITY O F

Free and Accepted 'P

A

R

T

M A S O N S. III.

Hβory of Mafonry in Britain, from the Unión of the twaCrowns, to the Revi-val oj the Granel Lodge in 1717.

C H A P.

le

State of the Λuguβan Stile in Britain, from the Λcceffon of Jcames I. in 1603, to the memorable Pire of London in 1666.

NGLISH gentlemen now began to travel for improvements and returning full of laudable emulation, refolved, if not to excel the Italian artifts, at leaft to imítate them in Román and Crecían mafonry. But no remains exiíHng here of the Auguítan ftile, lome ingeniólas travellers brought home fragments of oíd columns, Italian drawings, a∙nd their books of architeciure.

Iñigo Jones, the moft eminent of thofe who diiYinguifhed themíélves in refórming the ílile of Englifh architeélure, was born at London in 1572, and was the ion of Mr. Ignatius or Iñigo Jones, a citizen and clothworker. He was bred up at Cambridge, naturally took to the art of deíigning, and firíf difplayed his genios, in landfcape painting; for which he was patronized by the learned William Herbert, afterward earl

E

íj6

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

earl of Pembroke. He made the tour of Italy at his lordíhip’s expence; and preferring Venice as the chief place of his refidence, fuffered nothing of real valué to efcape his induRry: architeólure at length engroffed his attention; and his reputation in this Rudy extended fo far, that ChriRian IV. king of Denmark, invited him to that kingdom, and appointed him his architeδl-general. After enjoying this poR for fome years, he obtained his difmiflion; and returning to England, was ap­ pointed architeél to the queen. By the command of James I. in 1620, he took an accurate furvey of Stonehenge; and in his publiíhcd account of that famous obfcure ereótion, he oddly enough determines it to have been a Román temple: but, as Mr. Walpole obferves, whoever has treated of this monument, has beftowed on it that clafs of antiquity he was fondeft of himfelf. Mr. Jones undertook a fccond tour to Italy, where he Raid fome years, improving himfelf Rill farther in his favourite art, until the place of furveyor-general, of which the king had promifed him the reverfion, became vacant; upon which he returned home, and fat down to enrich his country with the fruits of his Rudy.

The king, though a brother mafon, and of courfe, royal grand mafier of the fraternity, approved of his being appointed aéling grand mafier of England, to prefide over the lodges.

To the interval between his two voyages to Italy, Mr. Walpole is inclined to refer thofe buildings of Iñigo which are leaflpure, and border too much upon that baftard Rile, which is called King James’s Gothic. Inigo’s defigns of that period are not Gothic, but have a littlenefs of parts and weight of ornaments, with which the revival of Grecian architeéiure was encumbered; but which he fhook off in his more mature grand defigns *. James employed him to plan a new palace at Whitehall, worthy the refidence of the kings of England; and when the oíd Banquetting-houfe was pulled down, the king, with grand malGrtetan Orders of Architeílwt dclineated and explaintd from the Antiquities of Atbens, ice. folio, 1768.

ter

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

N

D.

tcr Jones, and his grand wardens, William Herbert, earl of Pembroke, and Nicholas Stone, Efq. mafter mafon to his majefly, attended by many brothers in due form, and other eminent perfons, walked to Whitehall gato, and levelled the foot-ftone of the new Banquettinghoυfe with three great knocks, loud huzzas, found of trumpets, and a purfe of broad pieces of gold laid upon the ftone, for the mafons to drink—to the king and the craft.

For want of a parliamentary fund, no more was built than the prefent Banquetting-houfe, which contains the fineft tingle room of that extent fince the days of Auguftus, and the glory of this reign; intended for the reception of ambafladors, and other audiences of date. It is a regular and auguft building of three ñories: the loweft has a ruflic wall, with fmall fquare windows, and by its ftrength happily ferves as a bafis for the orders. Upon this is raifed the Ionic, with columns and pilafters; and between the columns are well-proportioned windows, with arched and pointed pediments: over thefe is placed the proper entablature, on which is raifed a fecond feries of the Corinthian order, confifting of columns and pilañers like the other; column being placed over column, and pilader over pilafier. From the capitals are carried feftoons, which meet with maíks, and other ornaments, in the middlc : this feries is alfo crowned with its proper entablature, on which is raifed the baluftrade with Attic pedeftals between, which crcwn the work.

Every thing’in this building is finely proportioned, and as happily executed. The projediion of the columns from the wall has a fine cffcól in the entablatures, which being brought forward in the fame proportion, gives that happy diverfity of light and fhade fo eflential to fine archited¾ure. To render this edifice as perfedf as poñible, the cicling of the grand room is richly painted by the celebratcd Sir Peter Paúl Rubens, who was ambaflador here in the time of Charles I. The fubjedi is the entrance, inauguration, and coronation of Ring James I. reprefented by Pagan cmblems, It is efteemed one of his moft capital T perform-

’37

>3*

—,

A. D. 1625.

A. D. 1630.

HISTORY

OF

MASON R Y

performances, and may be pronounced one of the fineft cielings in the world. This apartment is at prefent ufed for a chapel.

The bcíi craftmen from all parts reforted toGrand-mafter Jones, who always allowed good wages, and feafonable times for inflru&ion in the Iodges; which he con∩itutcd with excellent bye-laws, and made them like the fehools or academice of the deíigners in Italy. He alfo held the quartcrly communication % of the grand lodge of mafters and wardens, and the annual general aflembly and feaft on St. John’s day; when he was annualiy re-chofen, till 1618; when William earl of Pembroke was chofen grand maíier: and, being approved by the king, he appointed Iñigo Jones his deputy grand mafter. Mafonry thus flouriíhing, many eminent, wealthy, and iearned men, at their own requeft, were accepted as brothers, to the honour of the craft, till the king J~ died.

Charles I. was alfo grand mañer by prerogative; and, being well íkilled himfelf in all the arts of mafonry, he encouraged the beft foreign painters, feulptors, ílatuaries, plaiñerers, ; but wanted no foreigners for architeéhire, becaufe none of them cqualled Iñigo Jones, and his excellent difciples.

Henry Danvers, earl of Danby, fucceeded the Earl of Pembroke in Solomon’s chair, by the king’s approbation; and at bis own coi!, ereéled, according to the defign of Jones, his deputy, the beautiful gate of the phyfic garden at Oxford.

Thomas Howard, earl of Arundel (the progenitor of our late grand mafter Norfolk) fucceeded Danby, at the head of the fraternity, a moft excellent connoiffeur in all the arts of defigning, and the great reviver of Iearned antiquities, who will be ever famous for his Marmora * According to brother Nicholas Ston.e, his warden, in a MS. burnt, 1720. + From this king is defeended the prefent houfe of Hanover, on the Britifh throne, vfe. his daughter Elizabeth married Frederic eleñor Palatine, and king of Bohemia; her daughter Sophia was married to the duke of Brunfwic, eleétor of Hanover, and brought him George I. king of Great-Britaip, father of his late majefty George II..

jírun-

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

N

D.

139

Λrundeliana: but Deputy Jones was never out of office; and joined Grand-mafter Arundel, in perfuading Francis Rtiílel, earl of Bedford, to lay out his grounds of Covent-Garden in rectangular form, eaft and weft; where he built the regular temple of St. Paúl, with its admira- a∙ D i_i ∙ ^θ35∙ ble pórtico.

This church never fails to attraft the curious eyes of judges in architeélure; fome praifing it as one of the moft perfeñ pieces of architecture, in fimplicity and grandeur;* while others degrade it to a meer barn.-f- The front is a. plain but noble portico of the Tufcan order; the columns are maffy, and are four in number, the two extream ones fquare, the inner round: and the intercolumniations being large, no criticifms can deftroy the noble air of fimplicity produced by the proportions. Thefe columns fupport a large plain pediment that extends over the whole front, in the middle of which is a dial, and on the apex, a vane. However deffitute of ornament this building may be, it is happily proportioned: 'the walls are of brick covered with plaifter, and the corners of ftone ; the roof within is flat', and, though of great extenr, is fupported by the walls alone. The pavementis ftone; the windows are of the Tufcan form like the portico; but the altar being placed as üfual at the eaft end, what appears to be the grand door under the por­ tico, is only a reprefentation.

This church has the rare good fortune to be placed where it is feen to advantage; it ftands on the weft fide of a fine fquare; and wheri Grand-mafter Bedford fucceeded, he employed his deputy Jones to build the north and eaft lides of that fquare with large and lofty arcades, commonly called'piazzas, which, with the church on the weft end, ha-ve a grand effeól; and the buildings over them are light and elegant. Had this fquare been compleated according to Jones’s plan, it would have been the moft finifhed fquare in the world. ⅛ Ralph's Critical Review of Public Buildings.

*J∙ Critical Obfervations on the Buildings and Impravements of Ronden, T 2

Iñigo

r 40

A. D. 1649∙

HÍSTORY

OF

MASON’RY

Iñigo Jones fucceeded Bedford in Solomon’s cbair again; when the king employed him to build the flately great gallery of Somerfet-houfe, fronting the Thames; and intended to carry on Whitehall according to Jones’s plan, but was unhappily prevented by the civil wars: for the parliament’s army conquered the king and parliament alio, and murdered him, under a form óf law, at his own gate 1 Iñigo Jones died in the 8oth year of his age, and was buried in St. Bennet’s church, near Paul’s wharf. His days were clofed in forrow for the unfortunate end of his royal mafier Charles L This prince knew the valué of the fine arts, and had cftabliíhed a royal academy, with profeíTors for every branch; but their exiftence ended with him. Jones was well íkilled in the mathematics; and had fome infight into the Greek and Latin languages, efpeciall-y the latter ; together with a tafte for painting and poetry : but his great excellence was in architeólure, fo that no more than ilri<!⅜ juftice was done in fliling him the Britiíh Vitruvius 1 He wrote fome curious notes on a printed copy of Palladio’s Archite<S⅛ure, which is f⅜ill preferved in the library of Worcefter college at Oxford.

Befide the buildings already ípecified, his tañe was manifeñed in defigning the magnificent row of Great Queen-ftreet, and the wefl fide of Lincoln’s-Inn-Fields, with Lindfey-houfe in the centre; the late Chirurgeons’-hall and theatre, now Barbers’ hall in Monkwell-ílreet, Londonj Shafteíbury-houfe, late the London lying-in hofpital for married women, in Alderfgate-flreet; Bedford-houfe, Bloomíbury-fquare; Berkeley-houfe, Piccadilly, now the Duke of Devoníhire’s, lately burnt and rebuilt; York-ftairs at Thames, and in the country, Gunneríburyhoufe near Brentford, Wilton-houfe in Wiltfhire, Cañle-Abbey in Northamptonfhire; Stoke-park; part of the quadrangle at St. John’s, Ox­ ford; Charlton-houfe, and Cobham-hall. in Kent; Coleíhill in BerkíTiire; and the Grange in Hampflhire.

No arts but thofe of deftruótion are attended to in times of inteftine commotion; and- leaft of all was any regard to fcience and elegance to be

I

N

ENGLAND.

141

be expeóied from the four minds of the puritanical mañers of the nation, between the fall of Charles I. and the reíloration of his fon. On the contrary, their bigotry prompted them on all occafions to maim and deíiroy many curious works of art, which had efcaped a like treatment from the hands of our firft reformers; even down to the inoffenfive tombs of their anceftors. But fome temporary evils are palliated by procuring exteníive and permanent good; and had the zeal of our reformers in church and government been fo températe, as to be in all refpeéts clear of reproach, we might not perhaps at this time have enjoyed either civil or religious liberty ! The pupils of Iñigo Jones however met privately for their mutual improvement till the refloration'; they preferved his drawings and defigns, and after the re∩oration, cultivated the correé! ftile he introduced.

The return of regal government, which the confuíions of the time called for, was, among other advantages, peculiarly favourable to ufeful arts and fciences; which had been long negleéled for more turbuIent pυrfuits. Peace encourages trade, trade produces opulence, opu­ lence gives birth to talle; and it is thefe concurring circumíiances that, íeconded by royal munificence,, 1 Bid harbours open, public ways extend, ‘ Bid temples worthier of the God afcend ; ‘ Bid the broad arch the dang’rous flood contain, • The mole proje<Hed break the roaring main ; , Back to his bounds their fubjeít fea command, ‘ And roll obedient rivers through the land : ‘ Thefe honours, peace to happy Britain brings, * Thefe are imperial works, and worthy kings 1’ *

Charles II. was magnificently reftored on his own birth-day the 29th of May, 1660. In his travels he had been made a free mafon; and having obferved the beft buildings in foreign countries, he refolved to • Pope.

encourage

HISTORY

I 42

OF

MASONRY

* encourage the arts in his own kingdom; as appears moñ confpicuoufly from the following preamble of a charter to incorporare the Royal Society, drawn up by Dr. Chriftophcr Wren.

4 CHARLES, ‰ among our regal hcreditary titles, to which by Divine ‘ Providence, and the loyalty of our good fubjeéts, we are now 4 happily reftored, nothing appears to us more auguft, or more fuitablc ‘ to our pious difpofition, than that of Father of our Country, a ñame 4 of indulgence as well as dominión; wherein we would imitate the 4 benignity of Heaven, which in the fame íhower yields tnunder and 4 violets, and no fooner íhakes the cedars, but, diíTolving the clouds, 4 drops fatnefs. We therefore, out of a paternal care of our peoplc, 4 refolve, together with thofe laws which tend to the well adminiftration 4 of government, and the people’s allegiance to us, infeparably to join 4 the fupreme law of j~alus f>opuli, that obedience may be manifeflly 4 not only the public but prívate felicity of every fubjecl, and the great 4 concern of his fatisfaólions and enjoyments in this life.—The way to 4 fo happy a government, we are fenfible, is in no manner more fací4 litated than by the promoting of ufeful arts and fciences, which, upon 4 mature infpeóiion, are found to be the bafis of civil communities and 4 free governments, and which gathcr multitudes, by an Orphean 4 charm, into cities, and conneót them in companies; that fo, by lay4 ing in a ftock, as it were, of feveral arts and methods of induftry, 4 the whole body may be fupplied by a mutual commerce of each 4 other’s peculiar faculties; and confequently that the various miferies 4 and toils of this frail life may, by as many various expediente ready at 4 hand, be remedied or alleviated; and wealth and plenty diffufed in 4 juft proportion to every one’s induftry, that is, to every one,s deferts.

4 And there is no queftion but the fame policy that founds a city, 4 doth nourifh and increafe it; lince thofe mentioned allurements to a 4 delire of cohabitation do not only occaíion populofity of a country, 4 but h ere as

I

N

ENGLAND.

t but render it more potent and wealthy than a more populous, but ‘ more barbarous natioñ; it being the fame thing to add more hands, ‘ or by the affiftance of art to facilítate labour, and bring it within the * power of the few. ‘ Wherefore our reafon hath fuggefted to us, and our own experiencc c in our travels in foreign kingdoms and ñates hath abundantly conc firmed, that we profecute effeéiually the advancement of natural ex* perimental philoíbphy, efpecially thofe parts of it which concern the * increafe of commerce, by the addition of ufeful inventions tending to * the eafe, profit, or health of our fubjeóls; which will beft be accom* plifhed by a company of ingenious and learned perfons, well qualified ‘ for this fort of knowledge, to make it their principal care and fíudy, * and to be conñituted a regular fociety for this purpofe, endowed with * all proper privileges and immunities. * Not that herein we would withdraw the Ieaft ray of our influence ‘ from the prefent eftabliíhed nurferies of good literature and educa* tion, founded, by the piety of our royal anceftors, and others, to be f the perpetual fountains of religión and laws; that religión, and thofe * laws, which, as we are obliged to defcnd, fo the holy blood of our martyred father hath infeparably endea red to us: but, that we puri pofeto jnake further provifion for this branch of knowledge likewife, * natural experimental philofophy, which comprehends all that is re* quired towards thofe intentions we have recited; taking care in the ς firft place for religión, fo next, for the riches and ornament of our * kingdoms; as we wear an imperial crown, in which flowers are alter1 nately intermixed with the cnfigns of Chriftianity. t And whereas we are well informed, that a competent number of * perfons of eminent learning, ingenuity, and honour, concording in ‘ their inclinations and fludies towards this employment, have for fome * time accuftomed themfelves to meet Weekly, * and orderly to confer ‘ about * Even the troubles that diftraéted the country during the civil war, though they tprtainly, in fome re⅛cfts, contributed to check, at the time, the progrefs of ufeful arts 5

U3' ,—÷-<

I44∙

HISTORY

O F

MASON R Y

c about the hidden caufes of things; with a defign to eílabliíh certain, t and correé! unccrtain theories in philofophy; and, by their labours ‘ in the difquifition of nature, to approve themfelves real benefaélors ‘ to mankind: and that they have already made a confiderable pro‘ grefs, by divers ufeful and remarkable difcoveries, inventions, and t experiments, in the improvement of mathematics, mechanics, aftro* nomy, navigation, phyfic, and chymiftry; we have determined to t grant our royal favour, patronage, and all due cncouragement, to * this illuftrious afiembly, and fo beneficial and laudable an enterprize., Under the royal favour and protección, Henry Jermyn, earl of St. Alban’s, was chofen grand mafter of mafons, who appointed Sir John Denham, furveyor-general of the royal works. This Sir John Denham, the only fon of Sir John Denham, knight, fometime one of the barons of the Exchequer, was a celebrated poet, and an eminent royaarts ; yet the powers of the human mind being called forth by the exertions of a fpirit of freedom, acquired ftrength to buril through the reílraints formerly impofed by the narrow principies of an arbitrary frame of government, and fowed the feed of thofe improvements that íhot forth fo vigoroufly upon the reftoration of peace and monarchy. Befide the mafonical meetings kept up after the death of our grand mafter Iñigo Jones, as before mentioned, a philofophical fociety of learned men in London, firft began to affociate weekly in the year 1645 ; according to an idea, faid to have been originally conceived by Mr. Theodore Haak, a Germán then refident in London. About the year 1648, fome of them removing to Oxford, thefe met there in like manner, and joined the others on their return. After meeting at firft privately at each other’s lioufes, they at length met in Greíham college, until the death of the Prote<ftor ; when the confuiions that enfued, and the college being converted into a barrack, difperfed them. On the reftoration, their meetings were refumed, they purchafed inftruments, and entered into an obligation to defray the necefiáry charges of improving natural and experimental knowledge ; until they were honoured with the royal patronage. Their charter was dated the 22d April, 1663, and the king prefented them with a handfome gilt filver mace to be carried before the prefident, befide other benefaélions. This fociety has made itfelf fufficiently known by the many valuable improvements and difcoveries publiíhed in their Phi'.ofiphical Iranfaílions.

Iift.

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

N

D.

14c

liíh King Charles I. granted to him the reveríion of the oflice of furveyor-general of the works, after the deceafe of Iñigo Jones; which oflice he entered upon at the reftoration of King Charles II. At the coronation of this monarch, he was made a knight of the Bath; and died at bis office in Scotland-yard, near Whitehall, at the time aboveinentioned.

Mr. Chriflopher Wren, * and Mr. Jobn Web, were at this period grand wardens. ⅛ Afterward Sir Chriftoplier Wren. He was the only fon of Dr. Chriflopher Wren, deán of Windíor, and was born in 1632. His genius for arts and fciences appeared early; for at the age of thirteen he invented a new añronomical inflrument, by the ñame of Pan-Organum, wrote a treatife on the origin of rivers ; and invented a pneuntatic engine, and a peculiar inflrument of ufe in gnomonicsí to folve this problem, τ√z. ‘ On a known plañe, in a known elevation, to defcribe fuch lines with the ex‘ pedite turning of rundles to certain diviíions, as by the íhadow of the flile may ‘ íhew the equal hours of the day.’

In 1646, Mr. Wren was admitted at the age of fourteen a gentleman commoner in Wadham college, Oxon, where he profited greatly under the inftru<ftion and friendfhip of Dr. John W-ilkins, and Dr. Seth Ward, who were both gentlemen of great learning, and afterward promoted by King Charles II. to the mitre.

His other juvenile produétions in mathematics are highly worth our attention, and fpeak this grand warden a fcholar of a moft exalted genius; but are too many to be here recapitulated. He affiñed Dr. Scarborough in anatomical preparations and experiments upon the mufcles of the human body ; from whence are dated the firft in— troduífion of geometrical and mechanical fpeculations in anatomv; and wrote difcourfes of the longitude ; the variations of the magnetical needle ; De re náutica veterum ; to find the velocity of a íhip in failing ; of the improvemcnts of gallies ; of an inflrument perpetually noting foundings in íhallows ; to recover wrecks : a convenient way of ufing artillery on íhip-board j to build in deep water; to build a mole into the fea, without Puz.-z.olan duft, or ciñerns ; and, of the improvcment of rívernavigation, by the joining of the rivers.

Thus much appeared needful to introduce the firft mention of a genius, who will foon afford us frequent opportunities of celebrating works that appear to be rather the united efforts of a wliole century, than the produdion of one man 1

u

According

146

‘„—>

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

According to a copy of the oíd Conftitutions, this grand mafter held a general aflembly and feaft on St. John the evangelift’s day, 27th December, 1663, when the following regulations were made: ‘ 1 ft, That no perfon, of what degree foever, be made or accepted * a free mafon, v.nlefs in a regular lodge, whereof one to be a mafter, * or a warden, in that limit or divificn where fuch lodge is kept, and * another to be a craftfman in the trade of free mafonry. * 2d, That no perfon hereafter íhall be accepted a free mafon, bui £ fuch as are of able body, honeft parentage, good reputation, and an * obferver of the laws of the land. e 3d, That no perfon hereafter who íhall be accepted a free mafon, * íhall be admitted into any lodge or aflembly, until he has brought ‘ a certifícate of the time and place of his acceptation from the lodge * that accepted him, unto the mafter of that limit or divifion where * fuch lodge is kept: and the faid mafter íhall enrol the fame in a roM ‘ of parchment to be kept for that purpofe, and íhall give an account * of all fuch acceptations at every general aflembly.

• 4th, That every perfon who is now a free mafon, íhall bring to ‘ the mafter a note of the time of his acceptation, to the end the fame t may be enrolled in fuch priority of place as the brother deferves; * and that the whole company and fellows may the better know each ‘ other. ‘ 5th, That, for the future, the faid fraternity of free maíons íhall be * regulated and governed by one grand mafter, and as many wardens t as the faid fociety íhall think fit to appoint at every annual general c aflembly. ‘ 6th, That no perfon íhall be accepted, unlefs he be twenty-one i years oíd or more.’

Thomas Savage, earl Rivers,. fucceeded St. Albans as grand mafter, in June, 1666, who appointed Sir Chriftopher Wren, his deputy; but the deputy and wardens managed all things. The grand wardens were, Mr. John Web, and Mr. Grinlin Gibbons.

C H A P.

I

N

ENGLAND.

G H A P.

II.

State of Mafonry from the Fire of London, to the Conrpletion of Sí. PauΓs

Cathedral.

HIS memorable year afForded a moft Angular awful occafion A. D. for the utmoft exertions of maíonic abilities. The city of London being of progreífive growth, no plan or even traces of regularity were to be expeéled in it. The ftreets were narrow, crooked, and incommodious; the houfes chiefly of wood, clofe, dark, and ill contrived; with their feveral ftories projeéling beyond each other, as they rofe, over the contrafted ftreets. For during the turbulent infecurity of feu­ dal times, all thofe who exercifed mechanic arts, crouded into wailed cities, to obtain municipal proteélion; where their numbers, their poverty, and confined limits, difpofed them as clofely as poffible. The free circulation of the air was thus obftruóted, the people breathed a ílagnant unwholeíome element, replete with foul effluvia, fufficient of itfelf to generate putrid diíorders, and difpofed to harbour any pe∩ilential taint it might receive; * and the buildings were obnoxious, moreover, to the ravages of fire. From this unwholefome crouded U 2 ftate,

T

# ‘ Ye, who amid this fev’riíh world would wear ‘ A body free of pain, of cares a mind ; ‘ Fly the rank city, íhun its turbid air ; ‘ Breathe not the chaos of eternal fmoak ‘ And voladle corruption, from the dead, ‘ The dying, fick’ning, and the living world ‘ Exhal’d, to fully heav’n’s tranfparent dome ‘ With dim mortality. It is not air ‘ That from a thoufand lungs reeks back to thine, ‘ Sated with exhalations rank and fell,

‘ The

148

A. D. i°65∙

HISTORY

OF

MASONΓRY

fíate, the inhabitants were continually expofed to contagious diforders, particularly the plague; which in hot íeafons proved fatal to-great numbers. In the preceding year, particularly, nearly 100,000 are computec] t∙o 11ave been fwept away by this dreadful vifitation 1 By the lofs of

fuch a multitude, and the defertion of all who were able to fiy fromthe danger, the ñreets were fo forlorn, that grafs grew in them; and the refugees, with new comers, were fcarccly fettled in their houfes, when they were turned out by a general conflagration that Ievelled the greateft part of the city within the walls. This dreadful fire broke out on September 2d, at the houfe of a baker in Pudding-lane, a wooden building, pitched on the outfide, as all the reft in that lañe alfo were: the lañe was exceeding narrow, and the projeAing (lories on each fide almoft met at the topfor new regulations took place only as oíd houfes were occafionally rebuilt. The houfe where the fire began,being full of faggots and brufh-wood,. the ñames raged with great fury, and fpreading four ways at once, fell upon the Star-inn, then full of hay and ftraw; in Thames-ftreet they found magazines of all kinds of combuñibles.

The buildings on London-bridge were foon confumed, together with the water machines underneath ; whereby the people were deprived of ‘ The fpoil of dunghills, and the putrid thaw ‘ Of nature j when from fliape and texture íhe * Relapfes into fighting elemente : ‘ It is not air, but floats a naufeous mafs ‘ Of all obfcene, corrupt, ofFeníive things !’

Armstrong.

This is ftrong defcription ; but for the comfort of the prefent inhabitants of London, it ought to be obferved, that though the writer was a phyfician, he was alfo a poet; and that his former charañer, is in this inftance fubordinate to the latter.

Henee we are juftified in adding, that the above lines were better adapted to the (late of London at the time we are now treating of, than at the time in which they were diólated, feventy or eighty years afterward. The application of fuch a defcription to the metrópolis under its prefent improvements, would bear the ñame of invective; and Gay’s Trivia is become, in like manner, obfolcte.

water

1

N

ENGLAND.

»49

water from that fonrce. The fire foon crofíed Cornhill by the train of wood that lay in the ñreet from houfes pulled down to prevent its fpreading, and then proceeded on both fides with equal fury. It appeared by the certifícate of Joñas Moore and Ralph Gatrix, the furveyors appointed to examine the ruins, that the fire over-ran 3γ3 acres within the walls; and burnt 13,200 houfes, 89 pariíh churches, befide chapéis: and that 11 pariíhes within the walls, only remained ñanding. To this acconnt may be fubjoined, the Roγal-exchange, Cuflomhouíe, Guildhall, Blackwell-hall, St. Paul’s cathedral, Bridewell, the two Compters, fifty-two halls of the city companies, and three city gates, The lofs has been computed at £. 10,000,000 fierling. * After lome temporary regulations, diéfated by fo fudden and extenfive a calamity, had taken place, the king and grand mafter ordered the Deputy Wren to draw up the plan of a new city, with broad and regular ftreets; but prívate property hindered its taking efFeét : yet London was foon reftored in a far better fíyle than before.. Dr. Chriftopher Wren was appointed furveyor-general and principal architeéf for rebuilding the city; the cathedral church of St. Paúl; all the parochial churches enaéted by parliament, in lien of thofe that were deílroyed, with other public ñruélures; and for the dífpofition of the ílreets. A charge fo important on a fingle perfon, difpofed him to take to his afiiftance Mr. Robert Hook, profcffor of geometry in Greíham college, to whom he afíigned chiefiy the bufinefs of meafuring, adr jufting, and fetting out the ground of the private ñreets to the feveral proprietors; referving all the public works to his own peculiar care and direéiion. The fuccefíive calamities they had fufíered from plague and fire, gave all people occafion ferioufly to refleéf on the caufes of both; -υt'z. clofenefs of buildings, and combufíible matcrials; and henee arofe the wiíhes for a neceffary amendment as well by widening the ftreets, as by building with Roñe and brick.

• jfnderfon,s Hiβory of Conrntrcti ve). II. p. 130.

Somσ

150

HΓSTORY

OF

MASONRY

Some intelligent perfons extended their views farther, and thought it highly requifite that the city, in its reíloration, íhould rife with beauty, by the ftraightnefs and regularity of buildings; and convenience for commerce, by the well-difpofing of ilreets and public places, and the opening of wharfs, &c. which the excellent fituation, wealth, and grandeur of the metrópolis of England juftly deferved.

In order, therefore, to a proper reformation, Dr. Wren, purfuant to the royal commands, took an exaót furvey of the whole area, by tracing over, with trouble and hazard, the great plain of aíhes and ruins.

His idea was to enlarge the flreets and lañes, to carry them as nearly parallel to one another as might be; avoiding, if compatible with greater conveniences, all acute angles; to feat all the parochial churches confpicuous and infularj to form the moft public places into large piazzas, the centers of eight ways; to unite the halls of the twelve chief companies into one regular fquare annexed to Guildhall; and to malee a commodious key on the whole bank of the river, from Blackfriars to the Tower.

The flreets were to be of three magnitudes; the three principal, leading ftraight through the city, and one or two crofs ílreets, to be at leaft 90 feet wide; others 60 feet; and lañes ahout 30 feet, excluding all narrow dark alleys wíthout thorough-fares, and courts. The Exchange to íland free in the middle of a piazza, and be, as it were, the nave or center of the town, from whence the 60 feet ∩reets, as fo many rays, íhould lead to all the principal parts of the city; the building to be contrived after the ftile of the Román Forum, with double porticos.

The key, or open wharf, on the bank of the Thames, to be fpacious and convenient, without any interruptions; with fome large docks for barges deep laden.

The churches to be conftruóled according to the beft forms for capacity and hearing, adorned with porticos, and lofty ornamental towers and fteeples, in the greater pariílies. All church-yards, gardens, and unneceflary vacuities; and all trades that ufe great Ares, or yield noifome fmells; were to be placed out of the town.

The

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

N

D.

The model or plan formed on thefe principies, delineated by Dr. Wren, was Iaid before the king and the houfe of commons; and the praóticability of the whole fcheme, without the infringement of property, was demonftrated, and all material objeófions fully weighed and anfwered. The only, and, as it happened, the infurmountable difficulty remaining, was the obftinate averfenefs of great part of the citizens to alter their oíd properties, and to recede from building their houfes again on the fame foundations; alfo, the di∩ruft in many, and unwillingnefs to give up their properties into the hands of public truftees, till they might receive an equivalent with more advantage to themfelves, than otherwife was poffible to be effeéted. For by leaving out church-yards, gardens, &c. which were to be removed out of the town,there would have been fufficient room both for the aυgmentation of the ftreets; difpofition of the churches, halls, and other public buildings; and to have given every proprietor full fatisfaétion.. Thusj though few proprietors íhould happen to have been feated again, upon the ground they had poffefíed before the fire, yet no man would have been thruft any confiderable diftance from it, but been placed at leaft as conveniently, and íbmctíines more ío, to their own trades than be­ fore.

The reprefentation of all thefe improvements was loíl upon the citi­ zens;. who chofe to have their oíd city again, under all its difadvantages, rather than a new one, the principies of which they were unwilling to underftand, and coníidered as flrange innovations; and thus the opportunity was loft of making the new city the moft magnificent, as well as commodious for health and trade of any upon earth; and the furveyor being confined and cramped in his defigns, it required no fmall labour and íkill to model the’city in the manneríit has fince appeared.

The Cuftom-houfe for the port of London, fituated on the fouth fide of Thames-fíreet, and ereéled in 1668, was adorrted with an-upper and lower order of architeéture: in the latter are ftone columns, and entablement of the Tutean order; in the former are pilaílers, entablature, and

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

i

and five pediments of the lonic order. The wings are elevated on cohimns, forming piazzas. The length of this building is i89 feet, breadth in the middle part 27 feet, and at the weft end, 60 feet.

The king levelled the foot-ftone of the new Royal Excha nge, the fineft in Europe, in folemn form, on the 23d of Oélober, 1667; and it was opened by the mayor and aldermen on the 28th of September, 1669. Round the infide of the fquare, above the arcades, and between the windows, are the ñatues of the fovereigns of England. Aftcrward the merchant adventurers employed Grand-warden Gibbons to ereól in the middle of the fquare the king’s ftatue to the life, in a Caefarean habit, of white marble, with the following elegant infcription: Carolo Secundo Cjesari Britannico Patrias Patri Regum Optimo Clementísimo Augustísimo Generis Humani Deliciis Utriusque Fortunas Victori Pacis Europte Arbitro Maris Domino Ac Vindici So cietas Mercatorvm Adventur. Anglije Quae per CCCC jam prope Annos Regia Benignitate Floret Fidei Intemerata Gratitudinis AEternλe Hoc Testimonium Venerabunda Posuit Anno Salutis Humante MDCLXXXIV.

Gilbert Sheldon, archbiíhop of Canterbury, an excellent archited⅜, fhewed great íkill in deíigning his famous Theatrum Sheldonium at Ox­ ford, and at his coft it was condvκ5ted and finiíhed by Deputy Wren and Grand-warden Web; and the craftfmen having celebrated tire cape-ftone, it was opened with an elegant oration by Dr. South, on the 9th

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

N

D.

153

9th of July, 1669. D. G. M. Wren built alfo that other maftcrpiece, the pretty Mufeum near the Theatre, at the charge of the univerfity.

This Theatre, a work of admirable contrivance and magnificence, was the firft public performance of brother Wren in architeéture-, which, however, had been executed in a greater and better flile, with a view to the antient Román grandeur difcernible in the theatre of Marcellus at Rome, but that he was obliged to put a ftop to the bolder ftrokes of his pencil, and confine the expence within the limits of a prívate purfe.

What, Λinong other beaütiful and diftinguiflted parts of this flruéiure, has been efteemed very obfervable, is the geometrical flat roof; which Dr. Plot has particularly defcribed, and writes thus of its invention: 1 It was an excellent device, whoever firíl contrived it, of making c fíat floors or roofs of íhort pieces of timber continued to a great e breadth, without either arch or pillar to fupport them, but fuílained £ only by the fide walls, and their own texture ; for by this mearis many e times the defeól of long timber, or miftakes of workmen are fup. * plied, and reélified without any prejudice to the building. Of this * fort of work we have an example in the fchools, in the fíoor of the i uppermoíl room of the Tower. There is alfo a diagram of fuch ‘ work in the architeélure of Sebafiian Serlio: but Dr. Wallis was the ‘ firíl that demonílrated the reafon of this work, and has given divers * forms of it, beíide the fore mentioned, in his book De Motu. ‘ But of all the fíat floors having no pillars to fupport them, and ‘ whofe rnain beams are made of divers pieces of timber, the moft ad* mirable is that of the Theatre of Oxford, from fide vvall to fide wall, * 80 feet over one way, and 70 the other ; whofe lockages are fo quite ‘ different from any before-mentioned, and in many other particulars, ‘ as perhaps ñor to be paralleled in the world.’ * In the year 1671, Deputy Wren began to build the great fluted co~ lumn ufually called the Monumerit, in mcmory of the burning and re* Nat. Hiβ. <¡J O×fordft>ire.

building

»54

HISTORY

OF

M ASO NRY

bnilding of the city of London, and finiíhed it in 1677. The artificers were obliged to wait fometimes for ñones of proper fcantlings; which occafioned the work to be longer in execution than otherwife it would have been. In forming this column, he took the liberty to exceed the received proportion of the order, one module, or femi-diameter. This column, which is 24 feet higher than Trajan’s pillar at Rome, is built of Portland ftone, of the Dorio order, and fíuted. Its altitnde from the ground is 202 feet; the greateff diamcter of the íhaft or body of the column is 15 feet; the ground plinth, or bottom of the pedeñal is 28 feet fquare ; and this pedeñal is 40 feet high. Over the capital is an iron balcony, encompaíiing a cone 32 feet high, fupporting a blazing urn of gilt brafs. Within is a large ftair-cafe of black marble, containing 345 fteps, each ten inches and a half broad, and fix inches thick.

Sir Chriftopher, who was no lefs an añronomer than an architeéf, is faid to have built the Monument hollow, that it might ferve as a tube to difcover the parallax of the earth, by the different diñances of the ílar in the head of the Dragón from the zenith, at different feafons of the year ; but finding it was liable to be íhaken by the motion of the coaches and carts almoft conflantly pafíing by, be laid thatthought afide. * In place of the brafs urn, which is not artfully performed, and was fet up contrary to his opinión, was intended a colofíal fiatue in brafs, gilt, of Ring Charles II. as founder of the new city, in the manner of the Román pillars, which terminated with the ñatues of their Csefars; or elfe the figure of a woman crowned with turrets, holding a fword and cap of maintenance, with other enfigns of the city’s grandeur, and re∙ere<ffion.

The weíl fide of the pedeftal is adorned with curious emblems by the maflerly hand of Mr. Cibber, father to the late poet laureat, Colley

* Biograph. Diíl. art. Wren.

Cibber;

I

N

ENGLAND.

Cibber; in which the eleven principal figures are done in alto, and the reft in baffo relieve. That to which the eyc is particularly direéfed is a female, reprefenting the city of London, fitting in a Ianguiíhing pofture on a heap of ruins. Behind is Time, gradually raifing her up; and, at her fide, a woman reprefenting Providence, gently touches her with one hand, while, with a winged fcepter in the other, íhe direóls her to regard two goddefíes in the clouds; one with a cornucopia, denoting Plenty, the other with a palm branch, the emblem of Peace.

At her feet is a bee-hive, to fhew that by indufiry and application the greateft misfortunes may be overeóme. Behind Time, are citizens exulting at bis endeavours to reílore her; and beneath, in the midft of the ruins, is a dragón, the fupporter of the city arms, who endeavours to preferve them with his paw: ñill farther, at the north end, is a view of the city in ñames ; the inhabitants in conñernation, with their arms extended upward, and crying for afififtance. Oppofite the city, on an clevated pavement ñands the king, in a Román habit, with a laurel on his head, and a truncheon in his hand; who approaching her, commands three of his attendants to defeend to her relief: the firft reprefents the Sciences, with a winged head, and circle of naked boys dan­ cing thereon, and holding Nature in her hand, with her numerous breafts, ready to give afififtance to all. The fecond is Architeéture, with a plan in one hand, and a fquare and pair of compaffes in the other. The third is Liberty, waving a hat in the air, and íhewing her joy at the pleafing profpeél of the city’s fpeedy recovcry. Behind the king ñands hisbrother, the Duke of York, with a garland in one hand to crown the rifing city, and a fword in the other for her defencc.

The two figures behind him are Juftice and Fortitude; the former with a coronet, and the latter with a reined lion; and under the pavement, in a vaυlt, appears Envy gnawing a heart. In the upper part of the back ground, the re-confiruótion of the city is reprefented by fcaffolds and unfiniíhed houfes, with builders at work on them.

The X 2

ι5β

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

The infcriptions on the other fides of the bafe of this colnmn, are copied and tranílated as under. * Sir * The north and fouth fides of the pedeftal have each a Latín infcription, one defcribing the defolation of this city, and the other its reñoration, That on the north fide runs thus:

‘ Anuo Chrifii CI DDCLXVI. die n. ñoñis Septembris, hiñe in oráentum, pe‘ dum CCII intervallo (quaeeft hujufee columnas altitudo) erupit de media noíte in‘ cendium, quod vento ípirante haufit etiam longinqua, &c. partes per omiíes popu‘ labundum ferebatur cuín ímpetu & fragore incredibili : XXCIX templa, portas, , praetorium, sedes publicas, ptochotrophia, fcolas, bibliothecas, infularum magnum ‘ numerum, domus CC1□□OOO OOOCC, vicos CD, abfumpfit : de XXVI re‘ gionibus, XV funditus delevit, alias VIII laceras & femi-uftas r<eliquit.. Urbis * cadáver ad CI □XXXVI jugera, hiñe ab arce per Thameíis ripam ad templario‘ rum fanum, illinc ab euro aquilonali portus fecundum muros adfofi⅛ fletante caput, ‘ perrexit; adverfus opes civium & fortunas infeítum, erga viros innocuum, ut per ‘ omnia referret fupremam illatn mundi exuftionem. Velox clades fuit; exiguum * tempus eandum vidit civitatem florentiflimam, & nullam, Tertio die, cum jaro ‘ evicerat humana confilia & fubfidia omnia, ccelitus,. ut par efl: credere, juffu1s ftetit 1 fatalis ignis & quaquaverfum clanguit.’

Tranílated..

‘ In the year of Chriít 1666, the fecond day of September, eaflward from henee, ‘ at the diñance of 202 feet, (the height of this column) about midnight, a moíl ter‘ rible fire broke out, which, driven on by a high wmd, not only wafted'the adjacent ‘ parts, but alfo places very remote, with incredible noife and fury : it confumed 89 ‘ churches, the city gafes, Guildhall, many public flrudtures,. hoípitals, fehools, ‘ libraries, a vaft number of fiately edificas, 13,200 dwelling-houfes, 400 ñreets ; of * 26 wards, it utterly deftroyed 15, and left 8 others íbattered and half burnt. The ‘ ruins of the city were 436 acres, from the Tower by the Thames fide to the Tem‘ pie church, and from the north-eaft gate, along the city walí, to Holborn-bridge. ‘ To the eftates and fortunes of the citizens it was mercilefs, but to their lives very ‘ favourable, tliat it might in all things refemble the laíl conflagration of the world, ζ The deftruótion was fudden ; for in a fmall fpace of time the fatne city was feen ‘ moft flouriíhing, and reduced to nothing. Three days after, when this fatal fire * had baffled all human counfels and endeavours, in the opinión of all, as it were by ‘ the will of Heaven it ftopped, and 011 every fide was extinguiíhed.’

The

I

N

ENGLAND.

Sir Chriflopher Wren, as it appears by an original drawing, had made a defign of a pillar of fomewhat lefs proportion, vi-z. 14 feet in diameter, and after a peculiar device : for, as the Romans exprefíed by relievo, on the pedeñals, and round the íhafts of the columns, the hiftory The infcription on the fouth is as follows. ‘ Carolus II. C. Mart. F. Mag. Brit. Franc. & Hib. Rex. Fid. D. Princeps cle* mentiílimus, miferatus ludtuofam rerum faciem, plurima fumantibus jam tum * ruínis, in folatium civium & urbis fute ornamentum providit, tributum remifit, ‘ preces ordinis & populi Londineníls retulit ad regni fenatum, qui continuo decrevit, * ut publica opera pecunia publica, ex veóligali carbonis foílilis oriunda, in meliorem ‘ formara reftituerentur ; utique sedes lacras & D. Pauli templum a fundamentis omni ‘ magnificentia extruerentur; pontes, portae, carceres novi fierent; emundarentur ‘ alvei, vici ad regulara refponderent, clivi complanarentur, aperirentur angiportus, ‘ fora & macella in areas fepofitas eliminarentur. Cenfuit etiam, uti fingulíe domus ‘ muris intergerinis concluderentur, untverfse in frontem pari altitudine confurgerent, * omnefque pañetes laxo quadrato aut co&o latere foliuarentur ; utique nemini liceret ‘ ultra feptennium aedificando immoran. Ad hsec lites de terminis orituras lege lata ‘ prsefcidit; adjecit quoque fupplicationes annuas, & ad aeternam pofterorum memo— * riam H. C. P. C. Feílinatur undique, refurgit Londinum, majore celeritatc an ‘ íplendore incertum : triennium abfolvit quod feculi opus credebatur.’

*

Tranílated.

* Charles II. fon of Charles the Martyr, king of Great Britain, France, and Ire* land, defender of the faith, a moft gracious prince, comraiferating the deplorable * ftate of things, whtlft the ruins wc<e yer fmoakiñg, provided for the comfort of his ‘ citizens, and tire ornament of his city ; remitted their taxes, and referred the petitions ‘ of the magiftrates and inhabitants to the parliament, who immediately paíléd anaíf, * that public works íhould be reftored to greater beauty with public money, to be ‘ raifed by an impofition on coal; that churches, and the cathedral of St. Paúl, ‘ íhould be rebuilt from their foundations, with all magnmcence; that bridges, gafes, * and prifons íhould be new made, the fewers cleanfed, the ftrce?s made llraight and * regular, i'uch as were fleep levelled, and thofe too narrow made wider, matkets and * íhambles removed to feparate places They alfo enaóted that every houfe íhould ‘ be built w.ith party walls, and all in front raifc l of equal height, and thole walls all ‘ of fquare ftone or brick, and that no man íhould dela.y beyond the fpace of feven * years. Moreover, care was taken by law to prevent all fuits about their bounds. ‘ Alfo

»57

¿58

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

tory of fuch aélions and incidents as were intended to be thereby commemorated; fo this monument of the conflagration and refurreóiion of * Alfo anniverfary prayers were enjoined; and to perpetúate the memory liereof to ‘ pofterity, they have caufed this column to be ere&ed. The work was carricd on ‘ with diligence, and London is reftored ; but whether with greater fpeed, or beauty, * may be made a queftion. Three years time faw that finiíhed, which was fuppofed ‘ to be the buíinefs of an age.’

The eaft fide of the pedeñal has an infcription, expreffing the times iu which this pillar was begun, continued, and ’brought to perfeñion. The words are thefe ; ‘ Inccpta Richardo Ford, Eq; pra≡tore Lond.

A. D. CI9DCLXXI. perduña altius Geo. Waterman, Eq. pras.

Roberto Hanfon, Eq. pro?.

Gulielmo Hooker, Eq. prae.

Roberto Viner, Eq. prae.

Jofepho Sheldon, Eq. pr≈. perfeña Thoma Davis, Eq. pra?. urb.

Anuo Dom. MDCLXXVII.’

In one line continued round the bafe of the pedeftal, under the above infcriptions, are thefe following words in Engliíh. ‘ This pillar was fet up in perpetual remembrance of the moft dreadful burning of ‘ this proteftant city, begun and carried on by the treachery and malice of the Popiíh ‘ fa<ftion in the beginning of September, in the year of our Lord 1666, in order to ‘ the carrying on their horrid plot for extirpating the Proteftant religión, and Oíd * Engliíh liberty, and introducing Popery and ílavery.’

This infcription, upon the duke of York’s acceffion to the crown, was immediately erafed ; but foon after the fevolution it was reftored again. Mr. Pope the poet, who was of the Catholic religión, attacked this popular accufation with rather more addrefs, when in his epiftle to Lord Bathurft, he refers to this pillar thus j * Where London’s column, pointing at the íkies, ‘ Like a tall bully, lifts its head, and lies,’

♦

the

I

N

ENGLAND.

159

the city of London, was reprefented by a pillar in ñames; the ñames blazing from the loop-holes of the fhafr, which were to give a light to the ñairs within, were figured in brafs-work gilt; and on the top was a phoenix rifing from her aíhes, of brafs gilt likewife..

The rebuilding of the city of London was vigoroufly profecuted and the reñoration of the cathedral of St. Paúl claimed peculiar attention.. Dr. Wren drew feveral defigns, in order to difcover what would be moñ acceptable to the general tañe; and finding perfons of all degrees declare for magnificence and. grandeur, he formed a very noble one, according to the beñ ftile of the Greek and Román architeélure, and caufed a large model to be made of it in wood. But the biíhops deciding that it was not fufficiently in the cathedral fíile, the furveyor was ordered to amend it: he then produced the fcheme of the prefent ftruéfure, which was honourcd with the king’s approbation.

His fírñ defígn, however, which was only of the Corinthian order, like St. Peter’s at Rome, the furveyor fet a higher valué upon than on any other, and would have put it in execution with more chearfulnefs, than that which is now ereóted. This elegant model is ñill kept in an upper apartment of the cathedral, and is a real curiofity : it is little to the honour of thofe who ought to preferve it, to fuñer it to fall to ruin.

The king, with Grand-mañer Rivers, his architetñs and craftfmen, nobility and gentry, lord mayor and aldermen, biíhops and clergy, &c. in due form ievelled the foot-ftone of the prefent cathedral, defigned

by Deputy Grand-mañer Wren, in 1673; and was by him conduéled as mafter of the work and furveyor, with his wardens Mr. Edward Strong and his ion, upon a parliamentary fund.

The king, for the more fpeedy procedure in this vaft building, iñued lettcrs patent under the great feal of England, dated November 1 2, 1673, unto feveral lords fpiritual and temporal, and other perfons of eminent rank and quality, and Chriñopher Wren, docñor of laws, furveyor-general of the royal works; authorifing them to proceed in that great undertaking, according to rules and orders therein mentioned.

The

160

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

The pulling down the walls of the oíd building, bcing about 8o fect high, and five feet thick, was a gresit and troublcíóme work; the men ftood above, and worked them down with pick-axes, whilft labourers below moved away the materials that fell, and difperfed them into heaps. The want of room made this way ílow and dangerous, and fome men loft their lives: the heaps grew fteep and large; and yet this was to be done before the mafons could begin to lay the foundations. The city, having ftreets to pave ancw, bonght, from the rubbiíh, moíl of the ílone, called Kentiíh-rag, which gave fome room to dig, and to lay foundations ; which yet was not eafy to perform with any exatHncfs, but by this method. The furveyor placed fcaffolds high enough to extend his lines over the heaps that lay in the way; and then by perpendiculars fet out the places below, from the lines drawn with care upon the level plan of the fcaffold.

Thns he proceeded, gaining cvery day more room, till he carne to the middle tower that bore the ñeeple: the remains of the towerbeing near 200 feet high, the labourers were afraid to work above; for which reafon he determined to facilitate this work by the ufe of gunpowder. He dug a pit of about four feet wide, down by the fide of the north-we∩ pillar of the tower, the four pillars of which were each about 14 feet diameter; and when he had dug to the foundation, he then wrought a hole two feet fquare, into the center of the pillar; in which he placed a littic deal box, containing eighteen pounds of powder: a quick-match, within a cañe, reached from the box to the ground above, and along the ground was laid a train of powder, with a match.

Aftcr the mine was carefully clofed up again with ftone and mortar to tbc top of the ground, this little quantity of powder not only lifted up the wholc angle of the tower, with two great a'rches that re∩cd upon it; but alfo two adjoining arches of the aiíles, and all above them: and this it feemed to do fomewhat Ieifurely, cracking the walls to the top, lifting vifibly the whole wcight about nine inches, which fuddenly dropped down into an enormous heap of ruins, without fcattering. It was

I

N

ENGLAND.

was half a minute before the heap already fallen opened in two or three places, and emitted fome fmoke. By this defcription may be obferved the incredible forcé ofgunpowder; 18 pounds only of which lifted up above 3000 tons, and faved the work of a thoufand labourers.

The fall of fo great a weight, from an height of 200 feet, gave a concuflion to the ground, which the inhabitants round about took for an earthquake !

Encouraged by the fucceís, he thought to proceed this way; but, being obliged to go out of town, he left the management of another mine to the care of his next officer, who injudiciouíly ufed a greatcr quantity of powder, and took lefs care to fecure it. Therefore, though it had the effeét, yet one ftone was íhot out to the oppofite fide of the church-yard, through an open window, into the room of a prívate houfe, where fome women were íitting at work. Though no harm was done, yet this accident frightened the neighbours to that degree, that application was made againft the farther ufe of powder; and orders were iflued from the council accordingly.

Being thus reduced to the neceíTity of having recourfe to other expedients, he refolved to try the effeót of the battering ram ufed in antient fieges. He took a firong maíl about 40 feet long, and armed the bigger end with a great fpike of ¡ron, fortified with bars along the mafi, and ferrils: this maft, in two places, was hung up to one ring with ftrong tackle, and fo fufpended level to a triangle prop. Thirty men, fifteen on each fide, vibrated this machine to and fro, and beat upon the fame part of the wall a whole day, without any vifible effeéh He bid them not defpair, but proceed another day : on the fecond day the wall was perceived to tremble at the top, and in a few hours it fcll to the ground. The reaíon to be given for this fiow effeót, may be, that it is not by inftant violence the ram is able to overturn a wall of fuch bulk; but, incefiantly vibrating by equidiflant impulfes, it makes a fmali in­ ternal motion through all parts of the wall, and by degrees loofens the bond of the mortar, and moves every ftone from its bcd: this motion Y once

16r

once begun, hath its effeél more and more, till at length it ís quite loofe, and falls. He made good ufe of this machine in beating down all the lofty ruins; ajid. pleafed himfelf that he had recovered this no­ table engine, of fo grcat fervice to the antients.

In the progrefs of laying the foundations, Deptity Wren met with an unexpeéted difficulty. He bcgan the foundations from the weft end, and had proceeded fuccefsfully through the dome to the eaft end, where the bottom was good; but as he went on to the nor.th-eaft córner, he met with a pit, where pot-earth had been taken by potters of oíd time ; and here were difcovered quantities of urns, broken yeffels, and pottery-ware of divers forts. How far this pit extended northward, there was no occafion to examine; but unluckily he wanted fix or leven feet to compleat the deíign, and this fell in the very angle north-eaíl: he knew very well, that under the layer of pot-earth there was no good ground to be found till he carne to the low water-mark of the Thames.

His artificers propofed to him to pile, which he refufed'; for though piles may laft for ever, when always in water, yet if they are driven through f’and, they will rot; and his endeavours were to build for eternity.

He therefore funk a pit of about eighteen feet fquare, till he carne forty feet lower to a firm fea-beach; which confirmed the opinión of many, that the fea had been, in ages paft, where Paul’s church now ftands. He bored through this beach till he carne to the original clay; being then fatisfied, he began from the beach a pier of folid mafonry, ten feet fquare, till he carne within fifteen feet of the prefent ground; then he turned a íhort arch under ground to the former foundation, which was broken off by the untoward accident of the pit. Thus the north-eaft quoin of the choir ftands very firm, and no doubt will ∩and.

This narrative may be of ufe to maíbns not to truft piles, unlefs always wet; for almoíl all forts of timber under water will prove everlaíling, but wet and dry will foon periíh. The fame cannot be faid of ¡ron, for that will decay under water; but it hath been obferved, in taking out cramps from íione work, at leaft four hundred years oíd, which were

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

N

D.

were fo bedded in mortar, that all air was perfeéily excluded, that thc iron appeared as'freíh as from the forge: therefore, in crampingof ñones, no iron íhould lie within nine inches of the air, if poñible; for air is a menñruum that confumes all materials whatever.

To mention another caution of ufe to mafons: fome cornices of large projeélions, though the upper joints are as clofe fitted as good workmen can make them, yet, in the melting of fnow, the water will dribble through, and ñain the cornice. Deputy Grand-maíler Wren avoided this inconvenience by working the ñone next the joint, fo as to leave a fmall riíing on each fide, that the water might fooner fall off, than foak into thc joint; and this he obferved in paving the portico of the principal front: the joints are, moreover, run with lead; and the fame is done, whereever he was obliged to cover with ñone only.

Dr. Wren had feveral reafons for making choice of Portland ñone for the fuperftruéture; but chiefly becaufe the Iargeft fcantlings were to be procured from thence: however, as thefe could not be depended υpon for columns exceeding four feet in diameter, this determined the architeél to make choice of two orders inftead of one, and an Attic ftory, as at St. Pcter’s at Rome, in order to preferve the juft proportions of his cornice; otherwife the edifice muft have fallen fhort of its intended hcight. Bramante in building St. Peter’s at Rome, though he had the quarries of Tivoli at hand, where he could have blocks large enough for his columns of nine feet diameter, yet, for want of ñones of fuitable dimenfions, was obliged to diminifh the proportions of the proper members of his cornice; a fault againft which Dr. Wren refolved to St. Paul’s cathedral is planned in the form of a long crofs: thc walls are wrought in ruñic, and ñrengthened as well as adorned by two rows of coupled pilafters, one over the other; the lower Corinthian, and the upper Compofite. The fpaces between the arches of the Win­ dows, and the architrave of the lower order, are filled with a variety of enrichments, as well as thofe above.

Y 2 The

163

164

h i s t o r y o f m asonr y The wefl front is graced with a moíl magnificent portico, a onble pcdimcnt, and two flately turrets: when a fpeéfator advances υp Ludgate-hill toward the church, the elegant conflruófion of this front, the fine turrets over each córner, and the vafl dome behind, fill the mind with a pleafing aftoniíhment. At this end, there is a noble flight of fleps of black marblc, that extend the whole length of the portico, which confifts of twelve lofty Corinthian columns below, and eight of the Compofite order above; thefe are all coupled and fluted. The npper feries fupport a noble pediment crowned with its acroteria. In thispediment is a very elegant reprefentation, in bas relief, of the converfion of St. Paúl, executed by Mr. Bird, an artift, who, by this piece, has deferved to have bis ñame tranfmitted to pofteríty. Nothing could have been conceivcd more difficult to reprefent in bas relief than this fubjeót, thé moft ftriking objeéf being an irradiation of light; but even this is well exprefled, and the figures are excellently performed. The magnificent figure of St. Paúl, alfo, on the apex of the pediment, with St. Peter on his right, and St. James on his left, have a fine effeét The four evangelifts, with their proper emblems on the front of the towers, are alfo very judiciouíly diípofed, and well executed: St. Matthew is diílinguiíhed by an ángel; St. Mark, by a lion; St. Luke, by an ox; and St. John, by an eagle.

To the north portico, there is an afeent by twelve circular íleps of black marble, and its dome is fupported by fix large Corinthian fluted columns. Upon this dome is a well-proportioned urn, finely ornamented with fefloons; and over it is a pediment fupported by pilañers in the wall, in the face of which are carved the royal arms, with the regalía, fupported by angcls. Statues of five of the apoflles are placed on the top, at proper diftances. The fouth portico anfwers to the north, and, like that, is a dome fupported by fix^'noble Corinthian co­ lumns : but, as the ground is confiderably lower on this, than on the other fide of the church, the afeent is by a flight of twenty five fleps.

This portico has alfo a pediment above, in which is a phaenix rifing out of

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

N

D.

of theflames, with the motto Refurgam underneath it; as an emblem of the rebuilding the church aftcr the fire. This device had perhaps its origin from an accident which happened at the. beginning of the work, and was particularly remarked by the architeél as a favourable ornen. When Dr. Wren was marking out the dimeníions of the building, and had fixed upon the center of the great dome; a common labourer was ordered to bring him a flat ftone, from among the rubbiíh, to leave as a direélion to the mafons: the ftone which the fellow brought for this purpofe, happened to be a piece of a grave-ftone with nothing remaining of the infcription but this (ingle word in large capitals, RESURGAM; a circumftance which Dr. Wren never forgot.

On this fide of the buiíding are likewife five (tatúes, which correfpond in fituation with thofe on the apex of the north pediment.

At the eaft end of the church is a fweep, or circular projeétion for the altar, finely ornamented with the orders, and with fculpture ; par­ ticularly a noble piece in honour of King William III. The dome, which rifes in the center of the whole, appears extreamIy grand ! Twenty feet above the roof of the church is a circular range of thirty-two columns, with niches placed exaéily againft others within.

Thefe are terminated by their entablature, which fupports a handfome gallery adorned with a baluftrade. Above thefe columns is a range of pilaflcrs, with windows between; and from the entablature of thefe, the diameter decreafes very confiderablyand two feet above that, it is again contraéled. From this part the external fweep of the dome begins, and the arches meet at 52 feet above. On the fummit of the dome is an elegant balcony; and from its center rifes the lantern adorned with Corinthian columns; and the whole is terminated by a ball, on which ftands a crofs, both elegantly gilt. Thefe parts, which appear from below of a very modérate íize, are extreamly large.

This noble fabric is furrounded at a proper diftance by a dwarf (tone wall, on which is placed the moft magnificent baluftrade of caft ¡ron perhaps in the univerfe, of about five feet fix inches in height, exclu­ sive

165

τ66

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

five of the wall. In this inclofure are feven beautiful iron gates, which, together with the baluñers, in number about 2500, weigh 200 tons and 85 pounds.

In the center of the area of the grand weft front, on a pedeftal of excellent workmanfhip, ftands a ftatue of Queen Anne, formed of white marble, with proper decorations. The figures on the bafe reprefent Britannia with her fpear; Gallia, with the crown in her lap; Hibernia, with her harp; and América with her bow. Thefe, and the colofial ftatues with which the church is adorned, were all done by the ingenious Mr. Hill, who was chiefiy employed in the decorations. As a fuρer∩itious regard to placing this cathedral due eaft and weft, has given it an oblique fituation with refpeét to Ludgate-ftreet in front; fo the great front gate in the furrounding iron rails, being made to regard this ftreet rather than the church it belongs to; the ftatue of Queen Anne, which is exaóUy in the middle before the weft front, is thus thrown on one fide the ftraight approach from this gate to the church, and contributes to infpire an idea of the whole edifice being awry.

At the weft end, under the grand portico, are three doors ornamented on the top with bas relief; the middle door, which is by far the largeft, is cafed with white marble, and over it is a fine piece of baflo relievo, in which St. Paúl is reprefented preaching to the Bereans. On entering this door, the mind is ftruck by the extent of the vifta: an arcade fupported by lofty and mafly pillars on each hand, divide the church into the body and two aifles, and the view is terminated by the altar at the extremity of the choir; fubjedl neverthelefs to the intervention of the organ ftanding acrofs, and forming a heavy obftruóiion, for which all its powers of harmony ∙cannot atone. The pillái s are adorned with columns and pilafters of the Corinthian and Compofite orders, and the arches of the roof are enriched with íhields, feftoons, chaplets, and other ornaments. In the aiíle, on one hand is the confiftory, and oppofite to it, on the other, is the morning-prayer chapel: thefe have very

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

N

D.

very beautiful fcreens of carved wainfcot, that are admired by the beñ judges.

Over the center, where the great aifles crofs each other, is the grand cupola or dome; the vañ concave of which infpires a pleafing awe.

Under its center is fixed in the floor a brafs píate, round which the pavement is beautifully variegated; but the figures into which it is formed can no-where be fo well feen as from the whifpering gallery above.

Here the fpeélator has a full view of the organ, richly ornamented with carved work, with the entrance to the choir direétly under it.

The two aifles on the fides of the choir, as well as the choir itfelf, are enclofed with very fine ¡ron rails and gates.

The altar-piece is adorned with four noble fluted pilaflers, painted and veined with gold in imitation of lapis lazuli, and their capitals are double gilt. In the intercolumniations below, are nine marble pannels; and above are fix windows, in the two feries. The floor of the whole church, is paved with marble : but within the rails of the altar, with porphyry, poliíhed and laid in feveral geometrical figures.

In the great cupola, which is 108 feet in diameter, the architeéi imitated the Pantheon at Rome, excepting that the upper order is there only umbratile, and diftinguiílied by different coloured marbles; in St. Paul’s it is extant out of the wall. The Pantheon is no higher within than its diameter; St. Peter’s is two diameters; the former íhews too low, the latter too high; St. PauPs is proportioned between both, which íhews its concave every way, and is very lightfome by the windows of the upper order. Thefe ftrike down the light through the great colonade that encircles the dome without, and ferves for the abutment of the dome, which is brick of the thicknefs of two bricks; but as it rifes every way five feet high, has a courfe of excellent brick of 18 inches long, banding through the whole thicknefs; and to malte it flill more fecure, it is furrounded with a vaft chain of iron flrongiy linked together at every ten feet. This chain is let into a channel cut into the bandage of Portland fione, and defended from the weather by filling the

167

ι68

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

the gróove with lead. The concave was turned upon a center; which was judged neceflary to keep the work true, though a cupola might be built without a center; but it is obfervable that the center was laid without any ítandards from below for fupport; and as it was both centering and fcaffolding, it remained for the ufe of the painter. Every íiory of this fcaffolding being circular, and the ends of all the ledgers meeting as fo many rings, and truly wrought, it fupported itfelf.

As the oíd church of St. Paúl had a lofty fpire, Dr. Wren was under an obligation to give his building an altitude that might fecure it from fuffering by the comparifon. In order to do this, he made the dome without much higher than within, by raifing a ñrong brick cone over the internal cupola, fo conítru&ed as to fupport an elegant ílone lantern on the apex. This brick cone is concealed by a cupola formed of timber, and covered with lead; between which and the cone are eafy ftairs up to the lantern. Here the fped⅜ator may view contrivances that are indeed aftoniíhing 1 He only ribbed the outward cupola, which he thought lefs Gothic than to ftick it full of fuch little lights as are in the cupola of St. Peter’s, which could not ,without difficulty be mended, and, if negleóted, would foon damage the timbéis. As the architeói was feníible that paintings are liable to decay, he intended to have beautified the infide of the cupola with mofaic work; which, without the leaft fading of colours, is as durable as the building itfelf: but in this he was unhappily over-ruled, though he had undertaken to procure four of the moft eminent artifts in that profeílion from Italy. This part is therefore decorated by the pencil of Sir James Thornhill, who has reprefented the principal pafíages of St. Paul’s life in eight compartments. Thefe paintings are all feen to advantage by means of a circular opening, through which the light is tranfmitted with admirable effeói from the lantern above; but they are already fadly cracked and decayed.

The choir of the cathedral was fo far prepared for ufe, that divine fcrvice was performed in it for the firft time, on the thankfgiving-day for

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

N

D.

fór the peáce of Ryfwick, Deccmber 2, 1697. * The laft llone on the top of the lantern was laid by Mr. Chriftopher Wren, the fon of the architeóf, in the year 1710; and this noble fabric, lofty enough to be difcerned at fea eaftward, and at Windfor to the weft, was begun and.compleated in the fpace of 35 years, by one architetft, the great Sir Chriftopher Wren; one principal mafon, Mr. Strong; and linde r óne bifhop of London, Dr. Henry Coihpton: whereas St. Petcr’s at Rome, the only ftr'utfture that can bear a competition with it, continued iyy years in building, under twelve fuccefíive archite,(fts; affifted by the pólice and interefts of the Román fee, and attended by the. befl artifts in fculptiíre, ftatuary, painting, and mofaic Work. ∙f∙ As St. Paul’s cathedral is the only work of equal magnitude that ever was compleated by one man, it is the; greater curioíity, and may cali for a few. particular remarles. The diviüón of the building ¡oto. two orders, the reaíon of which has been already. mentioned, has been ccnfured as a greát fault; as the effedt would have been much more noble had only one been ufed. The ldwer part of the church is thought not to harmonize with the upper; and the church and dome appear ∣to be the works of different mafters. On a comparifon with St. Peter’s at Rome, St. Paul’s is in fome reípecfts the fuperior; the weíl front is deíigned more in charaóter as a building erecied for public woríhip ; where-

* hoιυclΓs Medulla Hijl. Ang.

f Tlie ñames of the architefts were, 1. Bramante, under Pope Julius II. A. D. 1503; 2. Jullanus a San&o Gallo, Frater Jucundus Veronenfis Dominicanus, and 4. Raphael Urbinoi, under Leo X ; 5. Baltha,zarus Perufius, under HadrianusVI; 6. Micbael Angelo Bonarota, under Clemens VII; 7. Pyrrhus Lygorius, under Paulus III; 8. Jacobus Barocius, under Julius III ; g. Jacobus a Porta, under Paulus IV; 10. Dominicus Fontana, under Pius IV. Pius V. Gregorius XIII. Sixtus V. Urbanus VII. and Gregorius XIV ¡ ir. Carolus Modernus, underInnoccntius IX. Clemens VIII. Paulus V. and Alexander VII ; and, 12. Eques Berninus, under Urbanus VIII. and Innocentius X. 1648.

170

HIST0RY

0F MASONRY

as that of St. Peter’s has the air of the front of a palace, while the pediment is mean and paltry. The dome of St. Paul’s is more elegantly íhaped, and there is no comparifon between the lanterns on the top j that of St. Peter’s is heavy, clumfy, and produces an ¡II effeét: but the body of the church'being of one order, is very grand, though it fuffers by an introduéiion of parts which are rather too minute. The interior of St. Peter’s is extreamly noble; the high altar, which was deíigned and executed by the celebrated Bernini, is moft judicioufly placed-under the center of the great dome, and produces the fineft effeél imagin­ able : the monuments and decorations are introduced with propriety,, though fome capital errors may be pointed out in the defign. St. Paul’s is much more correé!, but fuffers greatly for want of embelliíhments both in painting and fculpture: the dome affords a moft convincing proof of this; for by the painting and gilding beftowed on it, the fpectator, after viewing that, finds nothing elfe worth attending to; ñor can all the beauties of the moft regular architeóture make amends for the defolate appearance of the naked pannels which every-where prefent themfelves to his notice.

Com-

I

N

ENGLAND.

171

Comparative table of the principal dimenfions of the cathcdrals of St. Peter at Rome, and of St. Paúl at London, in Engliíh feet.

Dimenfions compared.

Length within

-

-

St, Peter,s. St. Paul’s. Djfference.

669

500

169

Breadth at the entrance

226

100

126

Breadth of the front without

395

180

215

Breadth at the crofs aiíles

442

223

219

Width of the cupola, clear

139

108

3'

Height of the cupola and lantern

432

33°

102

Height of the church

146

110

36

Height of the pillars in the front

9l

40

51

C H A P.

172

HIST,ORY

OF

C H A P.

MASON∙Rγ

ΠΓ.

,∙ff

State of Majbtιry from the Rfβoration of Si. Paul’s Cathedral, to the

Revo/ution in 1689.

HILE tfie cathedral was carryíhg on asa nationaf undertaking, the citizens did not negleél their own immediate concerns, but reftored fuch of tlheir halls and gates as had been deftroyed. The oíd hofpital for lunatics in Moorfields being greatly decayed, the foundation of the prefent Bethlehem hofpital was laid in April, 1675. It is a magnificent building, 540 feet long, and 40 feet broad, befide the two wings, which were not added until feveral years a-fter. The middle arid ends, whibh projeéf a litιle,^are adorned with pilafters, entablatures, foliages, &c.-, andj rifing above the reft of the building, have each a flat roof, with an handfome baluftrade of ñone; and in the center an elegant turret, adorned with a dock, a gilt ball and. a vane.

The wings are not inferior to the reft of the building; and are fet apart for incurables. The whole is built of brick and ftone ; and inclofed by a handfome wall, 680 feet long, built of the fame material». In the center of this wall, which goes in with a grand femicircular fweep, is a large pair of iron gates; and on the piers, upon which thofe gates are hung, are two images in a reclining pofture, one reprefenting raving, the other melancholy, inadnefs. The expreffion of thefe figures, which are the workmaníhip of Mr. Cibber, who carved the emblematical figures on the Monument, has been much admired. This wall inclofes a range of gardens neatly adorned with walks of broad ftone, grafsplats and trees, wherein thofe of the lunatics, who are Well enough to be fuffered to go about, are allowed to walk for the benefit of freíh air and excrcife.

Where

I

N

ENGLAND.

Where the fire ftopped at Temple-Bar, the city built a fíne Román gate, with the ftatues of Queen Elizabeth and King James I. on the eaft fide, and thofe of King Charles I. and Charles II. on the wefl fide.

The phyficians difeovered fíne talle by their college, near the northeaft extremity of Warwick-lane ; which, though little known, from its local difadvantages, is by good judges efteemed a delicate building.

The entrance is through a grand octangular porch, or theatre, crowned with a dome which finifhes in a cone; very capacíous for admitting carriages, and well lighted. This was built by Sir Chriftopher Wren ; but being in a narrow dirty lañe, and the houfes on each fide built clsíe to the front, it is almoft hid from the paflenger. This gate leads into a fquare court, where the building oppofite, which contains the library, and other rooms of ftate and convenience, was the defign of Iñigo Jones.. The afeent to the door is by a fiight of fteps, and in the under part is a bafement ftory : the whole front is decorated with pilafters of the Ionic and Corinthian orders. In a niche over the door is a ftatue of King Charles II. and direCtly oppofite, on the inner front of the octangular porch, ftands that of Sir John Cutler. The buildings which compofe the fides of the court are uniform, and ha ve the window-cafes handfomely ornamented. The orders are well executed, and the whole edifice is both beautiful and commodious.

The frontifpiece of the Middle Temple, oyer the gate, toward Fleetftreet, was ereéled in the year 16S4, of ftone and brick, in the ftile of Iñigo Jones, and appears graceful, though narrow. The bafis is a ruftic arcade of ftone, fupporting four pilafters, entablature, and trian­ gular pediment of the Ionic order, and the reft of rubbed brick.

The following parifh churches, confumed by the great fire, were within the compafs of a few years elegantly reftored under the direélion of Deputy Grand-mafter Wren.

Allhallows Eread-ílreet church, in the ward of Bread.-ftreet, was finiíhed in 1684, and the fteeple in 1697. It is a pleafant church of ' ! the

173

,74

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

the Tufcan order; the length 73 feet, breadth 35, and altitudc 30 feet.

The fteeple, as well as the church, is of ftone, built fquare, of the Doric order, and well adorned; the key-ftones over the windows being carved heads, and between each a large feftoon: its height is about 86 feet.

Allhallows the Great, fituated on the fouth fide of Thames-ftreet, in the Ward of Dowgate, was finifhed in 1683, of the Tufcan order; the walls are plain and maíTy, and the ornamente few and limpie. Its length is about 87 feet, breadth 60, height 33, with a fquare ftone tower, 86 feet high∙ Allhallows, Lombard-ftrect church, fituated on the north fide of that ftreet, in the ward of Langbourn, was finiíhed in 1694. In the church is only one pillar, which, as alfo the pilafters, are of the Tufcan order.

The length is 84 feet,breadth 52, height about 30; the altitude of the tower is about 85, built fquare.

St. Alban Wood-ftreet church, fituated on the eaft fide of Great Wood-ftreet, in the ward of Cripple-gate, was rebuilt and finiíhed in 1685 : the building both of the outfide and infide is Gothic, as it was before the fire; and is in length about 66, breadth ζt), and height 33 feet: the tower is of ílone, built fquare, with Gothic pinnacles; its alti­ tude is 85 feet i-half, or to the top of the pinnacles 92.

The fmall church of St. Anne and Agnes, fituated on the north fide of St. Anne’s-lane, within Alderlgate, was finiíhed in 1680, and beautified in 1703: it is 53 feet fquare, and about 35 feet high; and the tower to the top of the turret about 84 feet. The roof is fupported by four handfome Corinthian pillars, which are pofited in a geométrica! fquare from each other; its ornament confifts of four arches of fretwork, with flowers, fruit, leaves, cherubims, : at the four angles the roof is Ipwer, and confifts of four quadrangles, within each of which is a circle formed by a circumference of rich fret-work.

St. Andrew’s Wardrobe church, fituated on the eaft fide of Puddledock-hill, in the ward of Caftle-Baynard, was finiíhed in 1692, of brick,

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

N

D.

bríck, but cafed over in imitation of ftone; the facies and corners are ftone, with good ruftic quoins. The roof is fupported by twelve Tufcan pillars, and is well ornamented with fret-work. The length of this church is about 75, breadth 59, and the altitude 38 feet; and that of the fquare tower about 86 feet..

St. Andrew’s Holborn church, íituated on the fouth íide of Holbornhill, in the ward of Farringdon-without, was finiíhed in 1 687, beautiful and ípacious; the columns that fupport a roof adorned with fretwork, are of the Corinthian order; the walls are of ftone; the length is 105, breadth 63, and height 43 feet; and the altitude of the tower, or fquare fteeple, is rio feet. It has four large windows, one on each íide, adorned with pilafters, architrave, frieze, cornice^and pediments, of the Doric order; and was finiíhed in 1704.

St. Anthony’s, alias St- Antholin’s church, fituated at the weft end of Watling-ftreet, in Cordwainer-ftreet ward, was finiíhed in 1682, of ftone; the outfide of the Tufcan order; but the roof within, which is an elliptical cupola adorned with fret-work of feftoons, with four porthole windows, is fupported by eight pillars of the Compoíite order: the length is about 66, breadth 54, and height within 44 feet. It has a neat fpire fteeple, in altitude about 154 feet.

St. Auguftin’s neat little church, fituated on the north-weft fide of Watling-ftreet, near St. Paul’s church-yard, was finiíhed in 1683, and the fteeple in 1695. The church and fteeple are of ftone, the lattcr being a tower with acroteria, a cupola, a lantern adorned with vafes, and a fpire, whofe lower part is of a parabolical form. The roof is camerated, divided into pannels, adorned with fret-work, and fupport­ ed with pillars of the Ionic order: the length of the church is about yr, breadth 45, and the height 30 feet; and that of the fteeple 145 feet.

St. Benedióf, or St. Bennet Grafs church, fituated on the eaft fide of Gracechurch-ftreet, in the ward of Bridge-within, was finiíhed in 1685: its length within is about 60, breadth 30, and height 32 : the fteeple is 149 feet.

St.

i7^

i76

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

St. Bennet’s Paul’s-wharf church, íituatcd on the north fide of Thames-ftreet, in the ward of Cafile-Baynard, was rebuilt in 1683, of brick and ftone, ornamented on the outfide with fefioons carved in ftone round the fabric; the quadrangular roof within is fupported by four pillars and pilafters of the Corinthian order, with their architrave, frieze, and cantaliever cornice. The length within is 54, breadth 50, and the height 36 feet: the fteeple, which is of brick and ftone, iike the church, confifts of a tower, dome and turret; the altitude about 118 feet.

St. Benedifi’s, or St. Bennet Fink church, íituated on the north fide of Threadneedle-ftreet, in the ward of Broad-fireet, was built in 1673, of ftone, and is a fine piece of architcófure. The body of the church within is a compleat ellipfis, a very commodious form fox the auditory; and the roof is an elliptical cupola; at the <center of which is a turret glazed round, environed with a cantaliever cornice, and fupported by fix columns of the Compofite order; between each of which is a fpacious arch, and fix large light windows, with ftrong munions and tranfums. The length, or greater diameter of the church is 63, the breadth, or lefi'er diameter, 48, and the altitude 49 feet. The fteeple confifis of a íquare tower, ovcr which is a large cupola, and above that a fpire, which are altogether above no feet; and the tower is adorned with frefco-work of feftoons, &c.

St. Bartholomew’s church, behind the Roya! Exchangc, íituated on the eaft fide of Bartholomew-Iane, in the ward of Broad-fireet, was rebuilt in .1679: it is a ftrong building, the roof fíat,'adorned with fret-work, and fupported with columns of the Tufcan order, and large .arches. Here are three fine door-cafes on the north, fouth, and weft fides of the church, whofe pilafters, entablature, and pcdiments are of the Corinthian order, and adorned with cherubims, fhields, feftoons, £&. that toward the fouth being mofe particularly fpacious and fine: the length is 78, breadth 60, the height 41 feet; and that of the fquare tower is about 90 feet.

St.

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

N

D.

St. Bridget, alias St. Bridc’s church, fituated on the foüth fide of Flectftreet, in the ward of Faringdon-without, was rebuilt with great beauty and ftrength in 1680, and further adorned in 1699; the roof is ele­ va ted on pillars and arches, with entablements of the Tufcan ordcr: the length is 111, breadth 57, and the height 41 feet. The akitude of the fteeple is 234 feet; by which it appears to be 32 feet higher than the Monument. The church has a plain regular body, the openings all anfwering each other: the altar-piece, like all the other parts of the building, is very magnificent; and the circular pcdiment over the lower part, is fupported by íix Corinthian columns. The fteeple is a ípire of extreamly delicate workmanfhip, raifed upon a folid, yet light tower; and the feveral ftages by which the fpire diminiíhes, are well deíigned, and executed with all the advantages of the orders.

Chrift-church, ñtuated on the north íide of Newgate-ftreet, was re­ built in 1687: the fabric is of done, fpacious and beautiful, with the buttreffes on the outíide, and adorned with acroteria, pine-apples, pediments, &c. The fteeple was not finiíhed till 1704, which is likewife of ftone, adorned with vafes, &c.; the roof of the nave of the church is camerated, and thofe of the two fide aiíles are fíat; the fiift fupport­ ed by ten pillars of the Compofite order, the others by as many pilafters of the fame order: the length is 114 feet, breadth 81, and tljc height 38 feet: the altitudc of the fteeple, which confifts of a tower crowned with a light handfome turret, is about 153 feet.

St. Chriftopher’s church, fituated at the north-weft córner ofThrcadneedle-ftreet, in the ward of Broad-ftreet, was not totally deftroycd by the great fire, the walts partly efcaping the ñames; and had probably fared better, had it not been filled with papcr. It was repaired foon after the fire, and beautified in 1696; but has recently been wholly taken down to make room for building a wcft wing to the Bank of England. The late enlargements of the Bank had fwallowed up great part of the parifh befare; and the church ftanding in the way of com-

¿78

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

pleating the defign, was removed, and the remainder of the pariíh annexed to that of St. Margaret, Lothbury. * St. Clement Danés ,f∙ church, lituated on the north fide of the Strand, a lit-tle weft ward of Temple-Bar, being greatly decaycd, was taken down in the year 1680, and rebuilt in 1682, under the direéiion of Sir Chriftopher Wren. The fabric is of ftone, ftrong and beautiful, of the Corinthian order, with a tower, and a late addition thereon of an ornamental fleeple. The eaft ends both of the church and chancel are elliptical; the roof is camerated, fupported with Corin­ thian columns, and enriched with fret-work. On the fouth, fronting the Strand, is a circular portico of fix Ionic pillars. The length is 96 feet, breadth 63, and the height 48 feet; the altitude of the tower is about 116 feet.

As the appearr nce of St. Paul’s cathedral is ínjured by its oblique pofition with the ftreet by which we approach to it; fo the publíc highway through the Strand, is moft abfurdly contraóled by fuperftitioufly fixing St. Clement’s church due eaft and weft, inftead of complying with the direéfion of the ftreet! In confined fituations, no ideal confideration ought to take place of general convenience.

St. Clement’s Eaft-cheap church, lituated on the eaft fide of St. Clement’s-lane, near Great Eaft-cheap, in the ward of Candlewick, was rebuilt of brick and ftone, in 1686, of the Compofite order; having a tower, fíat roof, and pilafters round the infide of the church. The cieling is adorned with a fpacious circle, whofe periphery is curious fretwork. The length is 64, breadth 40, the height 34; and that of the tower, 88 feet.

St. Dionis Back church, fituated on the weft fide of Lime-ftreet, in the ward of Langbourn, was rebuilt in 1674; and the fteeple, in 1684.

The building is chiefiy of ftone; the tower and pillars are ftrong; but * Stat. 21 Geo. III. c. 71. f So named frora having formerly been a burial-place for the Danés, before the Norman conqueft.

I

N

ENGLAND.

part of the walls are brick finiílaed over: the pillars and the pilaílers that ílrengthen the walls within, and íupport the roof, are of the Ionic order; as is alfo the end frontiñg Lime-ftrect. The length is 6o feet, breadth 59, and the height 34; that of the tower and turret is 90 feet.

St. Dimitan’s in the Eaft, fituated in the middle-way between Towerílreet, north, and Thames-ílreet, fouth, in Tower-ílreet ward, was only repaired and new-beautified; but the íleeple was ereóled, as it now appears, in 1698. The windows and ∩eeple are of a modern Gothic hile, but the pilláis and arches within are Tufcan.

The íleeple is 1 25 feet high, and well conílruéled in the Gothic ílile.

The tower is light, fupported by outworks at the angles; and divided into three ílages, terminating at the corners by four handfome pinnacíes. In the midíl rifes a fpire, not from a folid bafe, but on the narrow junéVion of four Gothic arches; which though a bold attempt in architeélure, and one proof among many of the lkill of Sir Chriñopher Wren; has been cenfured as a capital fault, bccaufe it excites an apprehenfion of its falling whenever the√wind blows hard. * St. Edmund’s the Ring, fituated on the north íide of Lombard-ílreet, in Langbourn ward, is built of ílone, and of the Tufcan order: the roof is fíat, and there are no pillars within to íupport it. The length is 69 feet, breadth 39, and the height 33 ; that of the tower is about 90 feet.

This church was rebuilt 1 690.

St. George Botolph-lane church, fituated on the weíl íide of Botolphlane, in the ward of Billingfgate, was rebuilt of ílone in 1674. The roof over the two fide-ailes is fíat, but that over the nave is camerated, and fupported by columns of the Compofite order. The outfide of the eaíl end is adorned with a ílone cornice and pediment, inriched with a cherub and feíloons; the roof with fretted arches, and an entablement above the columns. The length is 54 feet, breadth 36, and thq height 36; that ofthe fteeple is about 84 feet. * Engli/h Architeflure, p. 47.

A a 2

180

HISTO RY

OF

MASONRY

St. James*s Garlick-hill church, fituated on the eafi fide of that hill, ncar Thames-fireet, in the ward of Vintry, was rebuilt of ftone 1683, with handfome outer door-cafes of the Corinthian order. The roof within is fíat, and fupported with 12 columns, befide pilafiers, of the Ionic order. The length is 75, breadth 45, and the height 40 feet; that of the fieeple, which is a tower, with rail and bannifler above the cornice, is abotit 90 feet.

St. James’s Wefiminficr church, fituated between the north fide of Jermyn-ftreet, fronting St. James’s-fquare, and the fouth fide of Piccadilly, was ereéled at the charge of Henry Jermyn, earl of St. Alban’s, and of the inhabitants, owners and occupiers of the houfes and lands 3 Jac.Π. this precinté, by an a¿f of parliament conñituting this church parochial. The walls are of brick with ruftic quoins, facies, doors, and windows of ftone. The roof is arched, fupported by pillars of the Co­ rinthian order; and the door-cafes of the Ionic order. The beauty of this church coníifts chiefly, íft, In its roof within, divided into pannels of crochet and fret-work, and the twelve columns that fupport it; and in the cornice. 2dly, In the galleries. 3dly, In the door-cafes, efpecially that fronting Jermyn-fireet. 4thly, In the windows, efpecially twoat the eafi end; the upper order a Venetian window, adorned with two columns and two pilafiers of the Compofite order; the lower, of the Corinthian. The length is 84, breadth, 63, and the height 42; that of the fieeple, which confifis of a tower and clock-fpire, is τ49 feet.

St. Laurence Jewry church, fituated on the north fide of Cateatonfireet, and fouth-weft córner of Guildhall-yard, in the ward of Cheap, was rebuilt in 1677 of ftone, and in the Corinthian order. The roof is fíat, adorned with fret-work; and the columns, pilafiers, and entablement, are of the fame order. The length is 81, breadth 68, and the height 40 feet; that of the fieeple, which is a tower lantern, and fmall fpire, is about 130 feet.

St.

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

N

D.

181

Sr. Magnus’s church, fituated at the north-eaft end of London bridge, was rebuilt in 1676, and the fteeple in 1705, of ftone. The roof over the nave, or middle aiíle, is camerated, and enriched with arches of fret-work; alfo an architrave, frieze, and cornice, round the walls: over the two fide aiíles fíat, fupported by columns of the Ionic order, fír. The fteeple confifts of a tower, a lantern, a cupola, and fpiry turret: from the tower a dial projeéfs over the ftreet, which is encumbered with ornament! When London bridge was eafed of its unnatural load of houfes, the weñ end of this church was found to interfere with the foot-way; the tower was therefore cleared of fo much of the body of the church as inclofed it on each íide, and a foot-paflage was opened under it. This was efteemed a hazardous undertaking; but it appeared upon infpeétion, that Sir Chriftopher Wren, forel’eeing the probability of fuch an alteration, had prepared for it whenever it íhould take St. Margaret Lothbury church, fituated on the north fide of Lothbury, in the ward of Coleman-ftreet, was re-edified and finiíhed in 1690, of ftone; with a fteeple, confifiing of a fpacious tower, on which is a fmall dome, and on that a fpire: the roof is fíat, fupported with columns on the fouth, and pilafters on the north fide, of the Corinthian order. The length is 66, breadth 54, and the height 36 feet; that of the fieeple is 140 feet.

St. Margaret Pattens church, fituated on the north fide of Little Tower-ftreet, * in the ward of Billingfgate, was rebuilt in 1687. The walls at the weft end are of ftone, but fronting fouthward of brick covered with a finiíhing, and quoins of ftone. The tower is alfo of fione, with acroteria and fpire, of the Doric order. The outer doorcafe at the weft end is Tufcan, and the pillars and pilafters within are Corinthian. The roof is fíat, having a quadranglc of fret-work, and * At the fouth-eaft angle of Rood-lane, formerly occupied by patten-makers ; v/hence the ñame of the church.

the

i82

HISTO RY

OF

MASONRY

the arches adorned with the like. The length is 66, breadth 52, and the height 32 feet; that of the fteeple, which coníifts of a fpacious tower and fpire, is 198 feet 2 inches.

St. Martin’s Ludgate church, íituated on the north fide of Ludgate-ftreet, in the ward of Farringdon-within, was rebuilt with the fteeple, in 1684. The walls, and four columns near the four angles of the church that fupport the camerated roof, are of ftone, of the Compofite order. The fteeple confifts of a handfome tower, cupola, and fpire, of the Tufcan order; above which cupola is a balcony. The length is 57, breadth 66, and the height 59 feet; that of the fteeple, to the top of the fpire, is 16S feet.

St. Mary Abchurch, fituated on the weft fide of Abchurch-lane, in the ward of Candlewick-ftreet, was built in 1686, of brick, with ftone quoins, windows, and door-cafes; the tower alfo is of the like materials, which has a cupola and fpire. The length is 63, breadth 60, and the height 51 feet; that of the fteeple is about 140 feet.

St. Mary’s-at-hill church, fituated on the weft of St. Mary-hill, in the ward of Billingfgate, was rebuilt in 1672. The front toward the hill is ftone; the infide of the roof over the middle aifte is a little arching, in the middle whereof is a handfome cupola: the roof of the cupola is adorned with cherubims, arches, and leaves; and the reft of the church cieling with quadrangular figures, all of fretwork; undcr which is a cantaliever cornice. The length is 96, breadth 60, altitude to the cieling of the roof 26, and to the center of the cupola 38 feet; that of the fteeple, confifting of a tower and turret, is about 66 feet.

St. Mary’s Aldermary church, fituated on the eaft fide of Bow-lane, in the ward of Cordwainers’-ftreet, was rebuilt by a prívate benefaction, before the public fund was fettled by parliament on coals, for rebuilding the churches demolifhed by the fire. The lower part of the tower was repaired by the furveyor, and the upper part new built in 1711. The altitude tothe vértex of the pinnacles is 135 feet. ' St.

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

N

D.

St. Mary Magdalen’s, Oíd Fiíh-fireet church, fituated on the north fide of Little Knightrider-ftreet, in the ward of Caftle-Baynard, was rebuilt in the year 1685, moftly of ftone; with rail and bannifter round the outfide. There are three aiíles, and a handfome ftone tower. The length is 60, breadth 48, and the height 30 feet; the tower is divided into two ftages, in the upper part of which is a large window on each fide. From the top of this tower the work fuddenly diminiíhes by high fteps, and on the fummit of thefe is a turret, crowned with a very fiiort ípire, on which is placed a vafe with flames.

St. Mary Somerfet church, fituated on the north fide of Thamesñreet, in the ward of ζ)ueenhithe, was rebuilt in 1695 of ftone, with the tower. Here are two aiíles, with a fíat roof, adorned with a cornice ; and between the windows with fret-work of cherubims, &c. The length is 83, breadth 36, and theheight 30 feet; that of the tower, to the top of the higheft pinnacles, is 120 feet.

St. Mary-le-bow, fituated on the fouth fide of Cheapfide, in the ward of Cordwainers’-ftreet, was rebuilt and finiíhed in 1683, upon the wall of a very antient church, about the early time of the Ro­ mán colony, which, by the rifing of the ground in fucceeding ages, was entirely buried under the level of the prefent fireet of Cheap­ fide. It is built of-brick and fione ; the walls are covered with a finiíhíng; the roof is arched, and fupported with ten Corinthian columns; there are three aiíles, befide the croís aiíle at the weft end; and the model is after that of the Tem-plum Pacis.

But the principal ornament of this church is the fteeple, ere<fted at a little diftance from the north-weft angle, for the fake of bringing it forward to range in Cheapfide; and is conneéted with the body of the church by a lobby. It is founded upon an oíd Román caufeway, lying about 18 feet below the level of the fireet; and is accounted by judicious artifis an admirable piece of archite<fture, not to be paralleled by the fteeple of any parochial church in Europe. It rifes from the ground , a fquare

183

184

HISTORΛr

OF

MASONRY

a fquare tower, plain at bottom, and is carried up to a very confiderable height in this íhape; but with more ornament as ir advances. The principal decoration of the lower part is the door-cafe; a lofty noble arch, faced with a bold and well-wrought ruftic, and raifed on a plain folid courfe from the foundation. Within the arch is a portal of the Doric order, with wcll-proportioned columns, the frieze is ornamented with trigliphs, and with fculpture in the metopes. There are fome other ílight ornamente in this part, which is terminated by an elegant cornice, over which rifes a plain courfe, from which the dial projedls.

Above this, there is in each face an arched window, withlonic pilañers at the lides. The entablature of the order is well wrought; it has the pulvinated or fwelling frieze, and fupports on the flat of the cornice an elegant baluftrade, with Attic pillars over the Ionic columns. Thefe fuftain elegant fcrolls, on which are placed urns with flames; and from this part the fteeple rifes circular. There is a plain courfe to the heighth of half the fcrolls, and upon this is raifed an elegant circular feries of Corinthian columns; and the body of the fteeple is continued round within. Thefe fupport a fecond balluftrade with fcrolls; and above thofe is placed another circular feries of columns. The order here is Compofite, and from the entablature rifes a fet of fcrolls fupporting the fpire, which for lightnefs is placed on balls, and is terminated by a globe, on which is fixed a dragón as a vane. The dimenfions of the church within are, length 65⅜, breadth 63, altitude 38 feet; and that of this famous fteeple is 225 feet.

An accurate obferver has remarked, that the fteeple of Bow-church is a mafter-piece in a peculiar kind of building, which has no fixed rule to direéf it, ñor is it to be reduced to any fettled laws of beauty: that if we confider it only as a part of fome other building, it can be efteemed no other than a delightful abfurdity; but if either confidered in itfelf, or as a decoration of a whole city in profpeát, it is not only to be juftified, but admired. That it is beyond queftion as perfeéf as human imagination

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

N

D.

185 _ v__ ∕

imagination can contrive or execute; and till we fee it outdone, we fliall hardly think it to be equalled. * St. Mary’s Woolnoth church, fituated on the fouth fide of Lombardftreet, was repaired in 1677, the fides, the roof, and part of the end, having been damnified by the great fire. The fteeple was oíd, and wanted rebuilding, which, together with the whole church, is now very fubftantially performed by the ingenious and íkilful archite<ft Mr. Nicholas Hawkfmoor; who was for many years, a fellow-craft to Deputy Grand Maíler Wren, and. was afterward employed under him in public works. On the north fide, which fronts Lombardftreet, inñead of windows there are three very large and lofty niches adorned with Ionic columns, and furrounded with a bold ruftic. Over thefe is a large cornice, upon which is placed a baluftrade. The en­ trance is at the weft end by a lofty ruftic arch, over which rifes a broad thin tower, ornamented with íix Compofite columns in the front, and two on the fides; upon this are raifed two fmall towers in front, crowned with baluftrades, from one of which rifes a flag-ftaff with a vane.

The windows are on the fouth fide, where the edifice is intirely fur­ rounded with houfos; and the front of the church, which is bold and majeftic, is fo obfcured that it can no where be feen to advantage: ñor can the tower be compleatly viewed but from the tops of the houfes.

St. Mary Aldermanbury church, fituated near the middle of Aldermanbury, in the ward of Cripplegate, was rebuilt in 1677, of ftone, with the fteeple, confifting of a tower and turret. The roof within is camerated, and fupported with twelve columns of the Compofite order: at the eaft end is a large cornice and pediment; alfo two large cartouches, and pine-apples of ftone carved; the infide of the roof is adorned with arches of fret-work, and the faid columns with an entablature; the cornice cantaliever. Thelength72, breadth 45, and the height 38 feet; that of the fteeple is about 90 feet. * Ralph's Critica/ Review of Public Buildings, p. 9.

B b

St.

186

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

St. Matthew Friday-fireet church, fituated on the weft fide of Fríday-ftreet, near Cheapfide, in the ward of Faringdon-within, was re­ built in 1685. The walls and tower are of brick, the windows and door-cafes ftone; as is all the front toward Friday-ftreet. The length is 60, breadth 33, and the height 31 feet; that of the tower is 74 feet.

St. Michael Bafinghall, alias Baftiíhaw church, fituated on the weft fide of Bafinghall-ftreet, in the ward of Baftiíhaw, was rebuilt and finiíhed in 1679. The walls are brick, the tower of ftone; three aifies, the apertures of each fide fimilar to thofe of their oppofites in number and model; pillars of the Corinthian order: the roof is camerated, and divided into quadrangular pannels of crocket-work; alfo a cantaliever cornice, frieze, &Z enriched with foliage, &c. The length 70, breadth 50, and the height 42 feet; that of the tower 75 feet.

St. Michael Royal church, on the eaft fide of College-hill, in the ward of Vintry, was rebuilt in 1694. The walls are of fione, and at the eaft end fome brick; a flat fquare roof, adorned with fret and crocket-work. The length is 86, breadth 48, and the height 40; that of the tower about 90 feet.

St. Michael Queenhithe church, on the fouth-weft angle of Little Trinity-lane, in Thames-ftreet, in the ward of Queenhithe, was rebuilt in 1677. The walls are of ftone; there are three aifies; the roof is íquare and fíat, with the ornament of a quadrangle bounded with fretwork. The length 71, breadth 40, and the height 39 feet; that of the fteeple, confifting of a tower and fpire, 135 feet.

St. Michael Wood-ftreet church, on the weft fide of Great Woodftreet, in the ward of Cripplegate, was rebuilt in 1675, of ftone; the roof flat, and adorned with fret and crocket-work, the walls with arches andimpofts; the front toward Wood-ftreet, with ftone pilafters, entablature, and pitched pediment of the Ionic order. The length within is 63, breadth 42, and the height 31 feet; that of the tower is 90 feet.

St. Michael Crooked-lane church, on the eaft fide of St. Michael’slane, in the ward of Candlewick, was rebuilt in ι688s of ftone. The length

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

N

1S7

D.

length is 78, breadth 46, and the height 32 feet; that of the tower, to the top of the pinnacles, is about 100 feet.

St. Michael Cornhill church, on the fouth fide of Cornhill, in the ward of Cornhill, bcing demoliflted by the great fire, exccpt the tower, was rebuilt in 1672, moftly of ftonc, and with three aifles; the roof camerated, having groins and impofts covered with lead, and fupportcd with Tufcan columns. The length is 87, breadth 60, and the height 35 feet; that of the tower, to the top of the fmall ones at the angles, is 130 feet.

St. Mildred Bread-ftreet church, on the eaft fide of Bread-ftreet, and in the ward of Bread-ftreet, was rebuilt in 1683. The front toward Bread-ftreet is well built of free-ftone; the reft of the walls and tower, of brick: the four fides within the ftruólure are uniform, each having one window under a fpacious graceful arch; and the roof is a dome, whoíe circumference touches the four arches aforefaid. Here are two ai∩es, and the fteeple is placed at the fouth-eaft angle of the church.

The arches and walls within are adorned with great variety of fretwork, ‰ The length is 62, breadth 36, height 40, and to the top of the dome 52 feet; that of the fleeple to the top of the fpire 140.

St. Mildred Poultry church, on the north fide of the Poultry, near the Manfion-houfe, was rebuilt in 1676, of done, and has three fmall aiíles, with a fíat quandrangular roof, adorned with fret-work, &c. The outfide next the Poultry has a cornice, pcdiment and acroters, with enrichments of foliage, &e. all cut in ftone. The length is 56, breadth 42, and the height 36 feet; that of the ftone tower 75.

St. Nicholas Cole-abbey church, on the fouth fide of Oíd Fiíh-ftrect, jn the ward of Queenhithe, was rebuilt in 1677. The walls are well built of ftone; the fteeple is a tower, and a fruftrum of a pyramid co­ vered with lead, and balcony at the upper end: there are three aiíles; the roof is fíat, adorned with pannels of crocket-work; and the walls with Corinthian pilafters. The length is 63, breadth 43, and the height 36 feet; thatof the fteeple is 135 feet.

B b 2

Se

HISTORY

ιS8

OF

MASONRY

St. Olave’s Jewry church, on the weñ fide of the Oíd Jewry, in the ward of Coleman-ñreet, was rebuilt in 1673. The walls are partly brick, with ñone facies, windows, and door-cafes; the outfide of the eaft end is adorned with pilañers, cornice, and a fpacious pitched pediment; the υpper part of the walls, at the meeting with the roof round the church, is enriched with cherubims, feñoons, and cartouches: therc are two aiíles, and a very large chancel. The ñeeple is of ñone, confiñing of a handfome tower, with pinnacles. The Iength is 78, breadth 34, and the height 36 feet; that of the tower, to the top of its pinna­ cles, is about 88 feet.

St. Peter’s church in Cornhill, was rebuilt in 1681, of ñone, except part of the fouth fide, and the tower, which is brick; the reft of the ñeeple, viz. the dome and fpire, are timber covered with lead; the roof within is camerated, and fupported with fquare pillars, adorned with pilañers of the Corinthian order; and there are three aifies. The Iength is 80, breadth 47, and the height 40; that of the ñeeple is about 140 feet.

St. Sepulchre’s * church, on the north fide of Snow-hill, in the wárd of Faringdon-without, being almoft demoliíhed by the great fire, ex­ cept part of the wall and ñeeple, was rebuilt in 1670. The walls are of ñone ñrengthened with buttrefíes; the tower is alfo of ñone, with four fmall fpires, one at each angle, which, as alfo the windows, are modern Gothic. The roof over the nave is camerated, but is fíat; and lower about 8 feet over the fide aiíles, fupported with twelve ftrong ñone columns of the Tufcan order. The Iength, befide the pafíage or ambulatory to the weñ end, is 126 feet; breadth, excluding the chapel on the north fide, 58; and the height of the roof over the middleaiíle 35; that of the tower and fpires, is about 140 feet.

St. Stephen’s Coleman-ñreet, was rebuilt in 1676, chiefly of ñone, with two aiíles. The roof is fíat, without pillars to fupport it. On the * This faint owes his being to a perfonification of tlie holy fepulchre, Ecclejia

Sanfti Sepulchri.

outfide,

I

N

ENGLAND.

outfide, the front of the eaft end is adorned with a cornice and circular pediment between two pine-apples, &c. The length is 75, breadth 35, and the height 44 feet; that of the tower, befide the turret, is 65 feet.

St. Stephen’s Wallbrook church, behind the Manfion-houfe, was rebuilt in 1676. The building is of ftone, the fteeple rifes fquare to a confiderable height, and is then furrounded with a baluftrade; within which rifes a very light and elegant tower in two ftages, the firft adorned with Corinthian, and the fecond with Compofite columns, anc⅛>covered with a dome; from which rifes the vane. The outfide of this church is plain and void of ornament; but in the center of the roof is a large dome, which cannot however be feen to advantage, as it is hid by the furrounding buildings.

The encomiums beftowed on this church are for its interioj>beautiesj where the dome is finely proportioned to the church, and divided into fmall compartments, decorated with great elegance, and crowned with a lantern: the roof, alfo divided into compartments, is fupported by very noble Corinthian columns, raifed on their pedeftals.

This church has three afiles and a crofs afile; is 75 feet long, 36 feet broad, 34 feet high to the roof, and 58 feet to the lantern. On the lides, under the lower roofs, are only circular windows; but thofe which enlighten the upper roof are fmall arched ones; and at the eaft end are three very noble arched windows.

Wallbrook church, fo little known among us, is famous all over Europe, and is juftly reputed the mafterpiece of Sir Chriftopher Wren.

Perhaps Italy itfelf can produce no modern building that can vie with it in talle or proportion. Títere is not a beauty which the plan would admit of, that is not to be found here in its greateft perfeétion; and foreigners very juftly cali our judgment in queftion for undeiftanding its graces no better, and allowing it no higher a degree of fame.

St. Swithin’s church, on the north fide of Cannon-ftreet, near London-ftone, in the ward of Wallbrook, was rebuilt in 1679, of ftone, with

189

190

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

with the tower; the roof ftipported with demi-columns of the Compo­ nte ordcr. Here are three aifles; and the whole is commcdious and pleafant, though final!. The length 61 feet from north to fouth, from eaft to weft 42, and height 40; that of the tower and fpire is 150 feet.

St. Vedañ Fofter-lane churcb, on the eaft fide of Fofter-lane, in the ward of Faringdon-within, was rebuilt in 1697, of ftone, with three aiíles; the roof fíat, ftipported on the fouth fide with Tufcan columns, and adorned with an elliptical figure within a parrallelogram, environed with cugious fret-work, &c. The length is 69 feet, breadth 51, altitude 36; and that of the tower, about 90 feet. This tower is plain, and the fpire, which is íhort, rifes from a double bafe.

A writer of fome efteem recommends e the fteeple of Fofter-lane t to the attention of the pafíenger. It is not a glaring pile that ftrikes * the eye at the firñ view with an idea of grandeur and magnificence; t but then the beautiful pyramid it forms, and the juft and well-pro‘ portioned fimplicity of all its parts, fatisfy the mind fo effeófually, ‘ that nothing feems to be wanting, and nothing can be fpared.’ *

While thefe churches, and other public buildings, were going forward under the direélion of Sir Chriftopher Wren; King Charles II. founded Chelfea-hofpital as a comfortable retreat for difabled and aged foldiers; a new palace at Greenwich, from a defign of Iñigo Jones, which was conduóled by Grand-warden Webb; and another palace at Winchefter, defigned by Wren, an excellent pile of the richeft Corinthian order, covered in before the king’s death, but never finiíhed, and now left in ruins. It extends to the weft 326 feet, and to the fouth 216 feet. There was paíticularly intended a Iarge cupola, 30 feet above the roof, which would have been feen a great way to the fea; and alfo a regular ftreet of handfome houfes, leading in a direót line down the bilí, from the front of the palace to the weft gate of the cathedral; for which, and for the parks, the ground was procured; * Ralph'¡ Cric. Rey. of Public Buildings, p. 10.

and

I

N

ENGLAND.

191

-- v~-

and preparations made for proper plantations, a neceflary ornament for that open fituation. Deputy Grand-mafter Wren had projeéled alio to have brought from the Downs a river through the park, which would have formed a cafcade of 30 feet fall. The whole difpoíition of this palace was fuch, as made it efteemed by the beft judges an excellent model of a royal hunting-feat.

The king ordered Sir William Bruce, bart. grand mafter of Scotland, to rebuild his palace of Holyrood-houfe at Edinburgh, in the beft Auguftan ftile, and the Scottifh fecretary’s office at Whitehall. Grandmafter Bruce built alfo a pretty feat at Kinrofs: fo that the fellow-crafts were never more employed than in this reign, ñor in a more perfeét ftile; and many lodges were conftituted throughout the iílands * by leave of the feveral noble grand mafters:. for after Grand-mafter Rivers, George Villars, duke of Buckingham, an oíd mafon, fucceeded as A. D. grand mafter of England; but being indolent, he left all bufinefs to his deputy Wren and his wardens.

By an infcription in the middle of the church of St. Dunftan’s Fleetftreet, near the chancel, it appears that one Edward Marfhal, Efq. had been mafter malón of England; probably under the proteélorate: and that King Charles II. had alfo appointed his fon, Joíhua Marfhal, Efq. mafter mafon, at a time when the rebuilding of the city of London required a great increafe of mafters as wcll as fellow-crafts.

Henry Bennet, earl of Arlington, fucceeded Grand-mafter Villars; “but he alfo was too deeply engaged in affairs of ftate, to vifit the lodges : yet in his mafteríhip the fraternity was confiderable, and numbers of gentlemen folicited to be admitted among the brethren. But many of the records of the fociety of this and former reigns were loft at the revo⅛ For befide many other fine ftruíhires in and about London, many noble manfions in the country were built or founded ; as, Wing-houfe, Bedfordlhire ; Chevening in Kent; Ambreíbury in Wiltíhire ; Hotham-houfe and Stainborough, Yorkíhire ; palace of Hamilton in Clydel'dale ; Stirling-houfe, near the caftle; Drumlanrig in Nithifdale, and many more.

lution ;

HISTORY

A. D. 168S∙

A. D. ιr,89∙

O F

MASONRY

lution; and manyof them were too hafíily deftroyed in our time from a fear of making difcoveries; ío that we have not fo ampie an account as could be wiíhed, of the proceedings of either the grand lodge or prívate lodges.

Ring Charles II. dying on the 6th of February, 1685, his brother James II. fucceeded; of whom a moft excellent ftatue ftands in Whitehall. But James not being a brother mafon, and engaging in purfnits not altogether fo praife-worthy, the art was much negleóled, and peopie of all forts were otherwife occtipied during his íliort reign: only upon the death of Grand-mafter Arlington, the lodges met and eleóied Sir Chriftopher Wren grand mafter, who appointed Mr. Gabriel Cibber, and Mr. Edward Strong, grand wardens; and while carrying on St. Paul’s he annually met thofe brethren that could. attend him, to kecp up good oíd ufages, till the revolution; when William of NafΓatι, prince of Orange, carne over by invitation, was eled¾ed king; and Ring James retired to France, where he died in 1701.

CH AP.

I

N

ENGLAND.

C H A P.

IV.

State of Mafonry from the Revolution, to the Death of Queen slnne.

P O N King James’s abdication, the convention of flatos entailed the crown of England upon his two daughters, Mary prin- 1689. cefs of Orange, and Anne princefs of Denmark, and their iflue; and thefe failing, on William prince of Orange, whofe mother, Mary Stuart, was K,i∏g James’s eldeft fifter; which fettlement of their crowns was ■foon after followed in the kingdoms of Scotland and Ireland. Thus was the coníh’tution we now enjoy, finally perfeéled; but the feventeenth century which we are juft arrived at the clofe of, had been very turbulent and full of commotions; mafonry therefore, which can only flouriíh in times of peace, continuedin a fluéluating ftate, and found many diffi.culties to ftruggle with. In fuch unfettled feafons, particular lodges ■could not be regularly attended in the fouthern parts of England, near the principal theatre of political aétion; but were held occaíionally, when circumílances favoured the brethren, except in or near places where great works were carried on. Thus Sir Robert Clayton, lord mayor of London, held an occafional lodge of his brother mafters, at a. D. St. Thomas’s hofpital, Southwark, to advife with the governors about i693> the beft defign of rebuilding that hofpital in its prefent elegant Hile, near which a ílated lodge continued for a long time afterward. Befide that, and the oíd lodge of St. Paul’s, fome brothers living in 1730, remembered another in Piccadilly, over againfl St. James’s church ; one near Weflminfter-abbey, another near Covent-Garden, one in Holborn, one on Tower-hill, with fome more that aflembled ftatedly.

U

C c

King

194 _ -√

HISTORY

OF

MASONRY

Ring William was privately made a free mafon, approved of theír choice of Grand-mafter Wren, and encouraged. him in rearing St. PaυΓs cathedral, and the new part of Hampton-court pala.ce in the Auguftan ftile, by far the fineft royal houfe in England; compleated after an oíd deíign of Iñigo Jones, where an induíirious lodge was held during the building. The facade, or king’s apartment, fronting the Privy-garden, and Thames, extends 328 feet; the facade, or qucen’s apartment, fronting the houfe-park, extends 330 feet; the accefs to the principal flair-cafe leading to the king’s íide, is through a beautiful por­ tico of about 90 feet long, coníifting of a colonade of íixteen duplicated pillars, of the Ionic order. Both houfe and parks being environed on three lides with the river Thames, and confequently enjoying as pleafant a íituation as its firft founder Cardinal Wolfey could feleét for it, was indeed a piece of work of great beauty and magnificence for the age it was built in. But the addition made to it by Ring William and Queen Mary do fo far exccl what it was befare, that they evidently íhew what vaft advancements architeólure has receivcd lince that time.

Sic partem tile domus, quam vtx foeliciar atas Finiat, exegit.

■

If the world had not been fo foon deprived of the valuable life of Queen Mary, and had the fwrveyor been impowered to finiíh his deiign, Leland’s defcription of Hampton-court would have been a truer refemblance of its latter than primitive ñate.

EJl locus infoltta rerum fρlendore fuperlus, Λlluiturque vaga Tamifini fiuminis unddt Nomine ai antiquo jam tempore di¿tus Avt>na∙l Hic rex Wilhelmus tales hic condidit ades Magnificas^ quales tolo fiel aureus orbe Non vidit......................

The

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

N

D.

The king alio built his Iittle palace of Kenfington, and finifhcd Che!fea Hofpital. The induflry, and conduói of Sir Chrifiopher, and Sir Stcphen Fox, jointly in the ereéiion and fettlement hereof, are worthy remembrance : Sir Stephen Fox, a lord of tl'.e treafury, took care for the due payment of the works; while the furveyor vigoroufly forwarded the buildings, and laftly prefcribed the ftatutes, and whole economy of the houfe; which for cleanlinefs, health, and convenience, is defervedly eíleemed one of the beft regulated in Europe; well fuiting, in every particular the pious deíign, and munificence of its royal founders.

William alfo converted the fine new palace of Greenwich into an hof­ pital for difabled and fuperannuated feamen, and ordered it to be finiílaed after Jones’s oíd deíign. The furveyor was among the firíh who addrefíed their majefties to apply the buildings to this charitable ufe; which was alfo induftrioufly promoted by the Lord Sommers, Mr. Evelyn, Mr. Bridgman fecretary of the admiralty, and Mr. Lowndes fecretary of the treafury. It was not only calculated for the relief and fupport of vcteran feamen, and fuch as had been wounded in the fervice, but alfo for the maintenance of fuch widows, and the education of fuch orphans, whofe huíbands and parents had lofttheir lives in the defence of the nation. A projeét feafonably adjuíled for the encouragement and improvement of that other moft important branch of the national defence—the naval arms of Great-Britain. After the grant had paífed the great feal, and an ampie commiflion been appointed, with powers to conduót all affairs relating to the building of the hofpi­ tal ; and the furveyor nominated a direñor, and chief architeél of this great undertaking; he chearfully engaged in the work, gratis. He contrived the new fabric extenfive, durable, and magnificent, conformable to the graceful pavilion which had been ereéled there by King Charles II. originally for his own refidence, contributing his time, labour and íkill, for feveral years, with ali the expedition the circumftances of affairs would allow: preferring in this, as in every other C c 2 purfuit

195

ι

()6

A. D. 98’

A. D. i'02∙

A. D. 17o7∙

H I S T O RY

OF

MΛSO N RY

purfuit of his life, the public fervice to any prívate advantage of líis own ; ever holding thc acquiíltion of wealth in great contempt!

This year our noble brother Charles Lenox, duke of Richmond and Lenox, mafter of a lodge at Chichefter, coming to the annual afiembly and feaft at London, was chofen grand mafter, and approved by the king. Sir Chriftophcr Wren was his deputy grand mafter, and Edward Strong and his fon were grand wardens. Sir Chriftopher was again chofen grand mafter the following year.

Naval architedure was now greatly ínjproved; and the king difeovered a good tafte in his elegant palace at Loo in Holland. He died March 8, 1702.

Anne, the other daughter ofKing JamesII. fucceeded asqueen; and George prince of Denmark, her hufband, was the patrón of aftronomers and navigators. This queen enlarged St. James’s palace, and after the famous battle of Blenheim, demoliíhed the oíd royal caftle of Woodftock in Oxfordfhire, and built in its ftead the noble caftle of Blenheim for the famous Britifh general John Churchill duke of Marlborough.

In this reign the two nations of England and Scotland, heretofore fo unnaturally hoftile toward each other, after having continned fubjeft to one fovereígn during 104 years, were by the wifdom of both their fttpream councils, indiflolubly unired into one empire, under the ñame of Great-Britain. By this prudent meafure, the antient jealoufies and animoíities that formerly defolated the borders, occafionally diftraéted both countries, and obftru<fted the joint profperity of two nations, the exclufrve proprietors of one iíland; were finally and happily terminated: and we may add our fatisfaéiion in perceiving the remembrance of them on both lides thoroughly worne out and obliterated. The fruits of this brotherly unión, that confolidated the interefts, and combined the labours of all the iíland, have lince fully jtiftified the good policy of the authors of it; by a general improved valué of lands, by an increafe of trade; and, laftly, by the vigorous application to agriculturej manu-

I

N

ENGLAND,

manufa&ures, and arts, that are rapidly altering the face of the country all over Scotland. , Then Commerce brought into the public walk ‘ The bufy merchant ■, the big warehoufe built; * Rais’d the ftrong crane ; choak’d up the loaded ftreet ‘ With foreign plenty; and thy ftream, O Thames, ‘ Large, gentle, deep, majeftic king of floods ! ‘ Chofe for his grand refort. On either hand, ‘ Like a long wintry foreñ, groves of maíts ‘ Shot up their fpires; the bellying íheet between ‘ Poflefs’d the breezy void ; the footy hulk ‘ Steer’d íluggilh on ; the fplendid barge along ‘ Row’d regular to harmony; around, ‘ The boat light fkimming, ftretch’d its oary wings : ‘ While the deep varied voice of fervent toil ‘ From bank to bank increas’d ; whence, ribb’d with oak, ‘ To bear the Britiíh thunder black and bold, ‘The roaring veffel ruíh’d into the main. ‘ Then, too, the pillar’d dome, magnific heav’d ‘ Its ampie roof; and Luxury witbin ‘ Pour’d out her glitt’ring flores: the canvas fmooth, ‘ With glowing life protuberant, to the view ‘ Embodied rofe ; the ñatue feem’d to breathe, ‘ And foften into fleíh ; beneath the touch ‘ Of forming art, Imagination fluíh’d 1 ‘ All is the gift of Indufiry; whate’er ‘ Exalts, embelliíhes, and renders life ‘ Delightful.’------------ *

'

The queen and parliament enaóled the building of fifty additional pariíh churches to anfwer the increafe of the cities of London and Weftminfter: Grand-mafter Wren, being appointed not only furveyor, but one of the commiflioners for carrying on the works, attended that fervice with all the attention his other avocations would permit; and pre⅛ Thomfon.

páratory

HISTORY

198

OF

MASONRY

paratory thereto, took occafion to impart his thoughts on the fubíeA, in a letter to a friend in the fame commifllon, to the following

cffeéf: * CINCE Providence, in great mercy, has protraóled my age, to the finiíhing the cathedral church of St. Paúl, and the parochial ‘ churches of London, in licu of thofe demoliíhed by the fire; (all t which were executed during the fatigues of my employment in the ‘ fervice of the crown, from that time to the prefent happy reign;) and ‘ being now conñituted one of the commifíioners for building, purfu* ant to the late aét, fifty more churches in London and Weñminfier; t I íhall prefume to communicate briefly my fentiments, after long ex‘ perience; and, without further ceremony, exhibit to better judgment, e what at prefent occurs to me, in a traníient view of this whole affair; « not doubting but that the debates of the worthy commifíioners may * hereafter give me occafion to chango, or add to thefe fpeculations. t 1. I conce ive the churches íhould be built, not where vacant ground 4 may be cheapeft purchafed in the extremities of the fuburbs, but 1 among the thicker inhabitants, for convenience of the better fort, alt though the fcite of them íhould coñ more; the better inhabitants t contributing moft to the future repairs, and the minifters and officers t of the church, and charges of the pariíh. * 2. I could wiíh that all burials in churches might be difallowed; t which is not only unwholefome, but the pavements can never be kept « even, ñor pews upright: and if the church-yard be clofe about the 4 church, this alfo is inconvenient; becaufe the ground, being continu4 ally raifed by the graves, occafions in time a defcent by fteps into the ‘ church, which renders it damp, and the walls green, as appears evi* dently in all oíd churches. * 3. It will be enquired, where then íhall be the burials ? I anfwer 4 in cemeteries feated in the out-íkirts of the town: and lince it is be-

* come the faíhion of the age to folemnize funerals by a train of coaches, « even

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

N

D.

τ 99

* oven where the deceafed are of modérate condition, though the t cemeteries íhould be half a mile, or more, diftant from the church, ‘ the charge need be little or no more than ufual; the fervice may be e firft performed in the church: but for the poor, and fuch as muft be * interred at the parifh charge, a public hearfe of two wheels and one e horfe may be kept at fmall expence, the ufual bearers to lead the * horfe, and take out the corpfe at the grave. A piece of ground of t two acres in the fields will be purchafed for much lefs than two rods ‘ among the buildings s- this being inclofed with a ítrong brick wall, i and having a walk round, and two crofs walks decently planted with * yew trees, the four quarters may ferve four parifhes, where the dead e need not be difturbed at the pleafure of the fexton, or piled four or £ five upon one another, or bones thrown out to gain room. In thefe ' places beautiful monuments may be ereéled; but yet the dimeníions c íhould be regulated by an architeóí, and not left to the fancy of every * mafon; for thus the rich, with large marble tombs, would íhoulder * out the poor; when a pyramid, a good buft, or ftatue on a proper * pedeftal, will take up little room in the quarters, and be properer * than figures lying on marble beds: the walls will contain efcutcheons ‘ and memorials for the dead, and the arca good air and walks for * the living. It may be confidered further, that if the cemeteries be * thus thrown into the fields, they will bound the exceffive growth of i the city with a graceful border, which is now encircled with fcaveni gers’ dung-ftalls. c 4. As to the fituation of the churches, I íhould propofe they be * brought as forward as poffible into the larger and more open ftreets, * not in obfcure lañes, ñor where coaches will be much obftruéted in e the pafláge. Ñor are we, I think, too nicely to obferve eañ or weft e in the pofition, tinlefs it falls out properly; fuch fronts as íhall hap* pen to lie moft open in view íhould be adorned with porticos, both * for beauty and convenience; which together with handfome fpires,

* or lanterns, riíing in good proportion above the neighbouring houfes, * (of

200

HIST0RY

OF

MASONRY

t (of which I have given feverai examples in the city of different forms) i may be of fufficicnt ornament to the town, without a great expence t for inriching the outward walls of the churches, in which plainnefs ‘ and duration ought principally, if not wholly, to be ñudied. VVhen ‘ a parifh is divided, I fuppofc it may be though t fufficient, if the mo‘ ther-church has a tower largo enough for a good ring of bells, and c the other churches fmaller towers, for two or three bells: becaufe i great towers and lofty ñeeples, are fometimes more than half the * charge of the church. e ζ. I íhall mention fomething of the materials for public fabrics. c It is true, the mighty dema∏d for the hafly works of thoufands of i houfes at once, after the fire of London, and the frauds of thofe who e built by the great, have fo debafed the valué of materials, that good ‘ bricks are not to be now had, without greater prices than formerly, c and indeed if rightly made, will deferve them: but brickmakers fpoil t the earth in the mixing and hañy burning, till the bricks will hardly ‘ bear weight; though the earth about London, rightly managed, will * yield as good bricks as were the Román bricks, which I have often * found in the oíd ruins of the city, and will endure, in our air, beyond * any ñone our iíland aífords; which, unlefs the quarries lie near the ‘ fea, are too dear for general ufe: the beft is Portland, or Roch-abbey ‘ ñone; but thefe are not without their faults. The next material is c the lime; chalk-Iime is the conñant praótice, which, well mixed with i good fand, is not amifs, though much worfe than hard ñone-lime. e The vaulting of St. Paul’s is rendering as hard as ñone ; it is compo‘ fed of cockle-íhell lime, well beaten with fand; the more labour in * the beating, the better and ftronger the mortar. I íhall fay nothing * of marble, though England, Scotland, and Ireland, afford good, and ‘ of beautiful colours, but this will prove too coflly for our purpofe, ‘ unlefs for altar-pieces. In windows and doors Portland ñone may be ‘ ufed, with good bricks, and ñone quoins. As to roofs, good oak is * certainly the beft; becaufe it will bear fome negligence: thechurch* wardens’

I

N

E

N

G

L

A

N

D.

i wardens’ caro may be dcfedfive in fpeedy mcnding drips; thcy ufual‘ ly white-waíh the church, and fot up their ñames, but neglecft to prc* ferve the roof over their heads: it muft be allowed, that the roof e being more out of fight, is ílill more unmindcd. Next to oak, is * good yellow deal, which is a timber of length, and light, and makes * excellent work at firft, but if neglecfted will fpeedily periíh, efpecially t ifgutters (which is a general fault in builders) be made to run upon ‘ the principal rafters, the ruin may be fudden. Our fervice for oak, f and the wars in the north-fea, make timber at prefent of exceftivé i price. I fuppofe ere long we muft have recourfe to the Weft-Indies, ‘ where moft excellent timber may be had for cutting and fetching. t Our tiles are ill made, and our ílate not good; lead is certainly the ‘ beft and lighteft covering, and being of our own growth and manu∙ i facture, and lañing, if properly laid, for many hundrcd years, is, * without queftion, the moft prefcrable; though I will not deny but an * excellent tile may be made to be very durable: our artifans are not t yet inftructed in it, and it is not foon done to inform them. ‘ 6. The capacity and dimenfions of the new churches may be detert mined by a calculation. It is, as I take it, pretty certain, that the ‘ number of inhabitants, for whom thefe churches are provided, are * five times as many as thofe in the city, who were burnt out, and pro* bably more than 400,000 grown pcrfons that íhould come to church, ‘ for whom thefe fifty churches are to be provided, (befides fome cha* pels already built, though too fmall to be made parochial.) Now, if * the churches could hold each 2000, it would yet be very íhort of the t neceflary fupply. The churches therefore muft be large; but ftill, ζ in our reformed religión, it íhould feem vain to make a pariíh-church f larger than that all who are prefent can both hear and fee. The Ro* manifts, indeed, may built larger churches; it is cnough if they hear * the murmur of the mafs, and fee the elcvation of the hoft, but ours * are to be íitted for auditories. I can hardly think it practicable to e make a tingle room fo capacious, with pews and galleries, as to hold D d ‘ aboye

201

202

HΓST0RY

0F

MASONRY

t above 2000 perfons, and all to hear the fervice, and both to hear dií* 1 tinéfly, and fee the preacher. I endcavoured to effeól this, in building * the pariíh church of St. James’s Weíiminfter, which, I prefume, is t the moñ capacious, with thefe qualifióations, that hath yet been built; t and yet at a folemn time, when the church was much crouded, I * could not difcern from a gallery, that 2000 were prefent. In this e church I mention, though very broad, and the middle nave arched ‘ up, yetas thcre are no walls ofa feeond∙order, ñor lanterns, ñor but* trefles, but the whole roof refts upon the pillar?, as do alfo the gab t leries; I think it may be found beautiful and convenient, and as fueh ‘ the cheapeft of any form I could invent. ‘ 7. Concerning the placing of the pulpit, I fhall obferve—A tnodei t rate voice may be heard 50 feet diftant before the preacher, 30 feet ‘ on each íide, and 20 behind the pulpit; and not this, unlefs the pro‘ nunciation be diídinéb and equal, without loíing the voice at the lai⅛ t word of the fentence, which is commonly emphatical-, and if obfcuredi i fpoils the whole fenfe. A Frenchman is heard furtber than an Eng∙t liíh preacher, becaufe he raifes his voice, and not finks his laft words:t I mention this as an infufferáble fault in the pronunciación of'feme of t our otherwife excellent preachers; which fehoolmañers might correét t in the young, as a vicious pronünciátion, and not as the Román ora* t torsfpoke: for the principal verb is in Latin- ufually the laíl word; 1 and if that be lof⅜, what becomes of the fentence?' ‘ 8. By what I have faid, it may be thought reafotiable, that the ‘ new church íhould be at-leal! 60 feet broad, and' 90 feet-long; be‘ fide a chancel at one end, and the belfrey and portico at the otheri * Thefe proportions may be varied; but to build more room, than that e every perfon may conveniontly hear and fee, is to create noife and ‘ confuíion. A church fhould not be filléd with pews, but that the * poor may have room enough tó íland and ílt in the alleys; for to ‘ them equally is the gofpel preached. It were to be wifhed there 4 were to be no pews, but benches; but there is.no ftemming the tide of

I

N

ENG'LAND.

∙rprofit, and the advantage of pew-keepers; efpecially too, lince by * pews in the chapéis of eafe, the minifter is chiefly fupported. It is 4 evident, thefe fifty cherches are not enough for the prefent inhabi4 tants, and the town will continually grow; but it is to be hoped, that 4 hereafter more may be added, as the wifdom of the government 4 íhall think fit; and therefore the pariíhcs íhould be fo divided, as to ‘ leave rocín for fub-divifions, or at leaft for chapéis of eafe.’

About this time the maΓons, under the diredtion of their grand maf∙ ter, íhewed their íkill in Buckingham and Marlborough houfes in St, James’s Park; Powis houfe in Ormond-fireet; the Opera-houfe in the Haymarket; and many more about town: and in the country, the Duke of Devoníhire’s fine feat at Chatfworth in Derbyíhire; Stourton in Wiltíhire; the Earl of Carliíle’s feat called Caftle-Howard near York; Helmíley houfe or Duncomb park; Mereworth houfe in Kent; Wilbury houfe in Wiltíhire, &c. After the peace of Utrecht, many rich oíd cííTicers in the army, returning home good connoifTeurs in archite&ure, raifed many ílately manfions. But the Auguftan i⅜ile was moft richly difplayed at Oxford in the new chapel of Trinity college by Dr. Bathurft; in Peck-water-fquare of Chriít’s-church college by Dr. Aldridge; in Queen’s college by Dr. Lancafter, elegantly rebuilt; in AI1hallow’s church, the new printing-houfe, &c.

Grand-ma∩er Wren, who had defigned the cathedral of ñt. Paul’s at London, and, as mafler of work, had conduóted it from the footflone, had alfo the honour and fatisfañion to finiíh that noble edifice!

The firft ñone was laid in the year 1675, and the works carried on with fuch care and induflry, that by the year 1685, the walls of the choir and íide aiíles were finiíhed, with the circular north and fouth porticos; and the great piliars of the dome brought to the fame height.

The laft flone on the top of the lantern was laid by the grand-mafter’s fon, Chriftopher Wren, Efq. deputed by his father in the prcfence of that exccllent artificer Mr, btrong, and his fon, grand wardens, and D d 2 other

2OJ

204'

HISTORY

OF

M A S O N R Y,

&c.

other free and accepted mafons, and the fellow-crafts, chiefly employ-. ed in the execution of the work.

The age and infirmities of the grand maíter, whích prevented his attendance on this folemn occaíion, confined him afterward to great retirement; fo that the lodges fuffered for want of his ufual prefencc, in viíiting and regulating their meetings; and were reduced to a fmall number.

Queen Anne died at Kenfington, without leaving any ifiue behind her, Auguft r, 1714. She was the laft defeendant from King Charles I. upon the throne of Britain; for the others, being Catholics, are excluded by the ftatute for fettling the crown upon the Proteftant heirs of his íifter Elizabeth, queen of Bohemia : and her daughter, the Princefs Sophia, elcélrefs-dowager of Brunfwick-Lunenburg, dying a little be­ fare Queen Anne, her fon Georgf, eleólor of Hanover, became king of Great-Britain.

The biflor y of the mafonic art in this i∩and, has thus been traced through all its ∩ages, up to its prefent meridian fplendor; an ∑era when ⅛ fettled frame of government, and interna/ peace and p/enty, imparted freíh vigour to the venerable inílitution of Free and Λccepted Mafonry, which now remains the immediate objeól of attention.

C O NT-

CONSTITUTIO NS OF THE

FRATERNITY O F

• Fr ee and Accepted

P

A R

T

M A S O N S.

IV.

Succejfion of Grand Maβers, and Proceedings of the Society, jrom the Re-υrυal of the Grand Lodge, to the Clofe of the Year i783∙ ING George I. arrived at London on September 20, 1714; and the few lodges at London wanting an ad⅜ive parrón, by reafon of Sir Chriftopher Wren’s difability, (for the new Ring was not a free mafon, and was moreover unacquainted with the language of the cotintry), thonght fit to cement under a new grand mañer, the center of unión and harmony. For this purpofe the lodges, No. 1. At the Goofe and Gridiron, in St. Paul’s church-yard, 2. At the Crown, in Parker’s-lane, near Drury-lane, 3. At the Apple-tree tavern, in Charles-ftreet, Covent-Garden, 4, At the Rummer and Grapes tavern, in Channel-row, Weiimin∩er, with fome other oíd brothers mét at the faid Apple-tree; and having put into the chair the oldeft maftcr mafon, being the mafter of a lodge, >717∙ they conílituted themfelves a grand lodge, pro tempore, in due form.

They refolved to revive the quarterly communication of the officers of lodges,

K

Mr. ANTHONY SAYER, G. M.

206 —v

'

t

lodges, to hold the annual afiembly and feaft, and then to chufe a grand mafter from among themfelves, until they íhould have the honour of a noble brother at their head.

A. D. 1717.

>

A. D. 1718.

Accordingly, en St. John Baptift’s day, the and jpCílft of the free and accepted mafons were held at theaforefaid Goofe and Gridiron in St. Paui’s church-yard. Befare dinner, the oldeft mafter mafon, being the mafler of a lodge, in the chair, propofed a lift of pro­ per candidates; and the brethren, by a majority of hands, eleéted An­ thony Sayer, gentleman, grand mafter of mafons; who being forthwith invefted with the badges of office by the faid oldeft mafter, and inítalled, was duly congratulated by the afíembly, who paid him the homage.

Mr. Jacob Lamball, carpenter, y Capt. Jofeph Elliot, $ ≡rand w'ardens∙ Sayeκ,grand mafter, commanded the maftersand wardens of lodges to meet the grand officers every quarter in communication, * at the place appointed in his fummons.

The 3líTc’l¡bIp and j-faft were held at the faid place, June 24, where brother Sayer., having gathered the votes after dinner, proclaimed aloud our brother George Payne, Efq. grand mafter of mafons, who being duly invefted, inftalled, congratulated, and homaged, recommended the ftriéf obfervance of the quarterly communication ; and defired the brethren to bring to the grand lodge any oíd writings and -records, concerning mafons and mafonry, in order to fhew the ufages of antient times: and this year feveral oíd copies of the Gothic con’ ftitutions were produced and collated.

Mr. John Cordw'ell, city carpenter, 7 Mr. Thomas Morrice, ftone-cutter, ^Sran^ wardens. * It is calleó the Quarterly Communication, becaufe it íhould meet quarterly, according to antient ufage: and, when the grand mafter is preíent, it is a lodge in ampie ft>rm i otrherwife, only in due form, yet with the fame authority.

Tq

GEOKGE PAYNE, E S Q. G. M; To the aólive zeal of Grand-ma∩er Payne, the fociety are under a Ia∩ing obiigation, for introducing brethren of noble rañk into the fraternity; who have done honour to the craft, by their countenance and example: no other fociety or inílitution having ever enjoyed fuch a fuccefíion of dignified perfonages to prefide over them, as the Frce and Accepted Mafons, in confequence of the exertions of this worthy grand maíter. They now began vifibly to gather ftrength as a body; and the wiíh exprefled at the grand feaft for colleóting oíd manufcripts, appears to have been preparatory to the compiling and publifhing a body of mafonical conñitutions, though fuch an intention is not naentioned until three years after.

'2l(ΓCΠVbIp and at the faid place, June 24. Brother Payne, a. D. having gathered the votes, after dinner proclaimed aloud the reverend 1719brother John Theophilus Defaguliers, LL. D. and F. R. S. grand mafter of mafons; who, bcing duly inftalled, revived the oíd peculiar toafls or healths drank by free mafons.

Mr. Anthony Sayer, ] Mr. Tilomas MorriceJ≡rand wardens' Several oíd brothers who had negleéled the craft, began now to ret'urn to the lodges; fome noblemen were alfo made brothers, and new lodges were conflituted, ⅝(Γcm⅛(p and at the aforefaid place, July 24. Brother De- a β faguliers, having gathered the votes after dinner, proclaimed aloud 172Q∙ George Payne, Efq. again grand mañer of mafons, who being duly inñalled, began the ufual demonftrations of joy, love, and harmony.

Mr. Thomas Hobby, ftone-cutter, J Mr. Richard Ware, mathematician, Jt>ιan uar ens* This year, at fome prívate lodges, fcveral very valuable manufcripts, (for they had nothing yet in print) concerning the fraternity, their lodges, regulations, charges, fecrets, and ufages, particularly one writ-

ten

2θ8

GEORGE

PAYNE, E S Q. G. M.

ten by Mr. Nicholas Stone, the Warden under Iñigo Jones, were too hafíily burnt by iυme fcrupulous brothcrs, that thoíc papers might not fall into ftrange hands. * A. D. 1720.

At the <0CΛllt) 3LθiJgt, or Otiartcrly Communication, in ampie form, on St. John the evangelift’s day, at the faid place, it was agreed, in order to avoid difputes on the anntial feaft-day, that the new grand maíler, for the future, íhould be propofed to the grand lodge fome time before the feaft, by the oíd grand maíler; and, if approved, that the brother propofed íhall be kindly faluted; or, if abfent, his health íhall be toaíled as grand maíler eleél. Alio, that the new grand maíler, as foon as he is inñalled, íhall have the fole power of appointing bis deputy grand maíler and wardens, according to antient cuftom, when noble brothers were grand maílers.

A. D. 1721.

Accordingly, at the OtΛΠδ 3IθtJ(JC, in ampie form,on Lady-day, at the faid place, Grand-maíler Payne propofed for his fucceíTor our noble brother John duke of Montague; who, being prefent, was faluted grand maíler eleél, when the whole brotherhood exprefíed great joy at the happy proípeél of being again patronized by noble grand maílers, as in the profperous times of free mafonry.

Payne, grand maíler, obferving the number of lodges to íncreafe, and that the general afíembly required more room, propofed the next ⅛ The above paragraph is copied líterally as it was firft written by Dr. Anderfon; andthough loofely and tenderly exprefíed, circumftances may perhaps lead to a difcovery of the occaíion of this extraordinary panic. Two years before, Grand-maíler Payne liad defired that oíd mafonic records might be brought in to the grand lodge, in order to difeover the ufages of antient times. In the year 1721, Dr. Anderfon was employed to prepare a new body of conftitutions. The raíli aól above related, was committed between thefe two events ; and may therefore be aferibed to a jealoufy in thefe over-fcrnpulous brethren, that committing to print any thing relating to ma­ fonry, would be injurious to tlie interefts of the craft: but furely fuch an acl of fele de fe could not proceed from zea! according to knowledge !

afíembly

JOHN DUKE OF MONTAGU, G. M. a/Tembly and feaft to be held at Stationers’-háll, near Ludgate-ftreet; which was agreed to. The grand wardens were then ordered, as ufual, to prepare the feaft, and to take fome ftewards to their affiftance, bro_ thers of ability and capacity, and to appoint fome brethren, as waiters5 to attend the tables; for that no ftrangers muñ be there. But the grarid officers not finding a proper number of ftewards, Joíiah Villeneati, upholder in the Borough of Southvvark, generouíly took the whole regulations of the feaft upon himfelf.

The ΛiΓfΠlIjlp and being held at Stationers’-hall, June 24, A. D. Payne, grand mafter, with his wardens, the former grand officers, and 1721' the mafters and wardens of twelve lodges, met the grand mafter eleéf, at the Queen’s-arms tavern in St. Paul’s Church-yard, in the morning; and having recognized their choice of Brother Montagu, they made fome new brothers, particularly Pbilip lord Stanhope, afterward earl of Chefterfield; and walked from thence on foot to the hall, in proper cloathing and due fbrm; where they were joyftilly received by about 150 true and faithful brethren, all cloathed. They fat down in the antient manner of mafons to a very elegant feaft. After dinner, Bro­ ther Payne, the oíd grand mafter, made the firft proceffion round the hall, * and when returned, he proclaimed aloud the moft noble prince and our brother, John Montagu, duke of Montague, grand mafter of mafons; and Brother Payne having invefted him with the eníigns and badges of his office, inftalled him in Solomon’s chair, and fat down on his right hand; while the affembly owned the duke’s authority with due homage and joyful congratulations, upon this revival of the profperity of mafonry. The grand mafter immediately called forth John Beal, M. D. as his deputy grand mafter, whom Brother Payne inveft* Sce the form as defcribed at the grand feaft, 1724, p. 214.

aro

. JOHN DURE OF MONTAGU, G. M. ed, and inflailcd in Hiram Abbiff’s chafr on the grand mañer’s left hand. In likc manner his worffiip appointed Mr. Jofiah Viileneau, ] Mr. Tilomas Morrice, ∫≡rand w^rdeαs∙ who were inveftcd and inftallcd by the late grand wardens; Then Montagu grand maíler, with his officers and the oíd officers, having made the fecond proceffion round the hall, Brother Defaguliers pronounced an eloquent oration lipón mafonry. After great harmony, the effeól of brotherly love, the grand maíler thanked Brother Villeneau for his care of the feaft, and ordered him, as fenior grand warden, to clofe the lodge.

1 A. D. 1721.

The <5rΛ∏i) H0tj5c met in ampie form on September 29, at the King’s-arms aforefaid, with the former grand officers and thofe of íixteen lodges.

The members of this grand lodge finding great fault with all the copies of the ©Id Gothic Conñitutions, Brother James Anderfon, A. M. was ordered to digefl them in a new and better method.

The <0t∏il∂∣ HúbffC affembled in ampie form on St. John’s day, December 27, at the King’s-arms tavern, with former grand officers, and thofe of twenty lodges; when Montagu grand mafter, at the de­ lire of the lodge, appointed fourteen learned brothers to examine Bro­ ther Anderfon’s manufeript of the Conñitution book, and to make report: and this communication was made very entertaining by the leetures of fome oíd mafons.

A. D. 1722.

0t⅛llW 3LbbQt, at the Fountain tavern in the Strand, in ampie form, March 25, with former grand officers, and thofe of twenty-four lodges.

The above-mentioned committee reported, that they had perufed Brother Anderfon’s manufeript, viz. the Hiftoryi Charges, Regulatiw, and

PHILIP DUKE 0F WHARTON, G. M.

2Il

and Maβer,s Scng∙, and after lome amendments, had approved of the fame. Upon which the lodge defired the grand mafter to order it to be printed; and now ingenious nien of all faculties and ftations, being convinced the cement of the lodge was love and friendíhip, earneftly requefted to be made mafons; affe<fting this amicable fraternity more than other focieties, which are often diñurbed by warna difputes.

Grand-mafter Montagu’s good government inclined the better fort to continué him in the chair another year; and therefore they delayed to prepare the feaft. But . Philip duke of Wharton, lately made a brother, thopgh not then mafter of any lodge, being ambitious of the chair, got a number of brethren to meet him at Stationers’-hall, June a.

24, who having no grand officers prefent, put in the chair the oíd- 1722∙ eft mafter mafon, who as another inftance of irregularity, was not the prefent mafter of a lodge; and without the ufual decent ceremonials, the faid oíd mafon proclaimed aloud, Philip Wharton, duke of Whar­ ton, grand mafter of mafons; and Mr. Joíhua Timfon, blackfmith, and Mr. William Hawkins, mafon, grand wardens: but his grace appointed no deputy, ñor was the lodge opened and clofed in due form.

Therefore the noble brothers, and all thofe who would not countenance irregularities, difowned Wharton’s authority, till Brother Montagu healed the breach of harmony by fummoning the <0ta∏O 3tθOgC to meet January 17, at the King’s-arms aforefaid ; where the Duke of Wharton promifing to be true and faithful, Deputy Grand-mafter Beal proclaimed aloud the mofl noble prince and our brother Philip Whar-» ton, duke of Wharton, grand-mafter of mafons, who being duly inftalled by the former grand officers, and .the officers of twenty-five lodges, appointed Dr. Defaguliers, deputy grand mafter, Joíhua Timfon, l James Anderfon, A. M. prand wardens' Grand-warden Anderfon produced the new book of Conftitutions in print, which was again approved, as was alfo the addition of—the antient manner of conftituting a lodge.

Now E e 2

2T2

F.RANCIS EARL 0F DALKIETH, G. M. Now mafonry flourifhed in harmony, reputation and riυmbers; many noblemen and gentlcmen of the fnft rank defired to be admitted into the fraternity; befide othcr learn∙ed men, merchants, clergymen, and tradefmen, who found in a lodgc a fafe and pleafant relaxation from intenfe ftudy, or the hurry of buiinefs, without politics or party r therefore the granó mafter was obliged to conflitute more new lodges, and was very afliduous in vifiting the lodges every vveek, with his dcpnty and wardens; and his worfhip was as wcll pleafed with thcir kind and refpcéfful manner of receiving him, as they with his affable and bccorning converfation.

A. D. ,723∙

<3Γft∏iJ jílútigc in ampie form, April 25, at the White-lion in Cornhill, with former granó officers, and thofe of thirty lodges, calleó over by Grand-warden Anderfon; for no fecretary was yet appointed: when Wharton granó mafter propofed for his fucceflor the EarI of Dalkeith, afterward duke of Buccleugh, mafter of a lodge, who was unanimouíly approved, and duly faluted as grand mafter eleéi.

The tickets for the next feaft were ordered to be ten íhillings each, imprefíed from a curious copper-plate, and fealed with the grandmafter’s feal of office, to be difpofed of by the grand wardens and the ftewards.

ftífemblp and jrtaft: on Monday, June 24, at Merchant-taylors* hall, in Threadneedle-ftreet.

The committee appointed to keep out ftrangers, and the ftewards to receive the tickets, and direól the fervants,. attended early. The grand mafter carne attended by fome eminent brothers in their coaches; and walking with his deputy and wardens into the Iodge-room, he fent for the mafters and wardens of lodges, who carne from the hall, and formed the grand lodge, calleó over by Brother William Cowper, Efq. now appointeó fecretary.

Some brethren obferving that Brother Dalkiethwas now in Scotland, propofeó to the grand mafter to ñame another for his fucceflor; but Dalkieth’s

CHARLES DURE OF RICHMOND, G. M. Dalkieth’s wardens declared that his lordíhip would foon return. About 4σ0 free mafons, all duly cloathed, dined elegantly in due form; and after dinner, Brother Wharton made the firft proceffion round the tables, and when returned, proclaimed aloud our noble brother Francis Scott, earl of Dalkieth, grand mafter of mafons. He had left with the wardens of his prívate lodge a power to appoint in his ñame, Dr. Defaguliers his deputy grand mafter, who filled the chair; and having thanked the ftewards, ordered Grand-warden Sorrell to clofe the lodge ,in good time.

Francis Sorrell, Efq. ") John Senex, ≡l≡r⅛ J≡rand "'ardens-

Φranij U0t35t, at the Crown tavern in Threadneedle-ftreet, No- a. D⅛ vember 25, in ampie form, with former grand officers, and thofe of 1723, thirty lodges. They framed feveral refolutions for the good of mafonry, which, with other matters, afterward determined at grand lodges, are colleóted in the regulations at the end of this volume; and fpecial care was taken to prevent difturbance, andpreferve harmony on feaft days.. <5ra∏D in ampie form, at the aforefaid tavern, February 19, a. D. with former grand officers, and thofe of thirty-fix lodges.

1724>

<5taniJ ¾0tJβt in ampie form, at the Crown aforefaid, April 28, with former grand officers, and thofe of thirty-one lodges.

Dalkieth grand mafter propofed for his fuccefíor the moft noble Charles duke of Richmond, Lenox and Aubigny, who was joyfully faluted grand maíter eleéh

2i(ΓεntbIμ and

being held at Merchant-taylors* hall on June 24, Dalkieth grand mafler, with his deputy and wardens, waited on Brother Richmond in the morning at bis houfe in Whitehall; who, with many

2Γ4

CHARLES DURE OF RICHMOND, G. M. many brothers duly cloathed, proceeded in coaches from the weíl to the caí!, and were handfomely received at the hall by a valí aíTembly.

The grand lodge met, and having confirmed their choice of Brother Richmond, adjourned to dinner; which being ended, Grand-mañer Dalkeith made the firft proceffion round the tables, τiz.

Brother Clinch, to clear the way.

The ñewards, two and two, with white rods.

Secretary Cowper with the bag, and on his left The ma∩er of a lodge with one great light.

Two other great lights born by two mañers of lodgcs.

Former grand wardens proceeding one by one, according to juniorlty.

Former grand mafters, proceeding according to juniority.

Sorrell and Senex, the two grand wardens.

Defaguliers deputy grand mañer alone.

On the right hand.

On the left hand.

The fword carried by the mafler The book of Conffitutions on a cufhion, carried by the mafter of the lodge to which the fword of the fenior lodge prefent. belonged. * Dalkieth, grand mañer.

Richmond, grand máñer eleéh

After the proceffion, Brother Dalkieth ñood up, and bowing to the aíTembly, thanked them for the honour he had enjoyed, of being their grand mañer; and then proclaimed aloud the moft noble prince, and our brother, Charles Lenox, duke of Richmond, grand- mañer of mafons.

The duke having bowed to the aíTembly, Brother Dalkieth inveñed him with the proper enfigns and badges of his office and authority; inñalled him in Solomon’s chair, and wiíhing him all profperity, fat down on his right hand. * The office of fword-bearer was not then created.

Richmond

CHARLES DURE OF RICHMOND, G. M. Richmond grand mafter ñanding up, appointed Martín Folkes, Efq. deputy grand mafler, who was invefted and inñalled by the laft de­ puty in the chair of Hiram Abbif.

George Payne, Efq. formerly G. M. Λ Francis Sorrell, Efq. late G. W. ∫grand wardens∙ William Cowper, Efq. was continued fecretary by the grand mafter’s returning him the books, and all of them were formally congratulated by the aflembly.

Richmond grand mafter then made the fecond proceffion round the tables like the firíl, except that Brother Dalkieth walked firíl as the youngeft late grand mafter, clofe after the former grand wardens; and Richmond walked alone laft of all, with his deputy immediately before him, and his two grand wardens before the deputy ; and before them the fword and Conftitutions.

After which, the ufual expreffions of joy and friendíhip went round; and the afíembly was moft agreeably entertained with orations, mufle, and mafonic fongs, till the grand mafter ordered his fenior warden Payne to clofe the lodge in good time.

'<5til∏i) 3lθι)fJC in ampie form at the Crown aforefaid, November A. D. 21, with former grand officers, and thofe of forty lodges; when our 1724" noble brother Dalkieth propofed the eftabliffiment of a fund of general charity for poor brothers, which was agreed to by all.

<0 tiltil) ¾0t)∏t in ampie form at the Bell tavern, Weílminfter, A. D. March 17, with former grand officers, and thofe of thirty-fix lodges. in duc form at the Devil tavern, Temple-bar, May 20, with former grand officers, and thofe of thirty-eight lodges; when Deputy Grand-mafter Folkes in the chair held a moft agreeable comjnunication.

<5rani>

1725*

2l6 A. D. 1725∙

JAMES LORD P A I S L E Y, G. M. <5tΛtlδ ÜObJC in due form at the Crown aforefaid, on June 24, when the grand officers were defired to continué fix months longer.

<5tα∏iJ 3lθ3)gt in ampie form at the Bel! aforefaid, November .27, with former grand officers, and thofe of forty-nine lodges; when Richmond grand maíler propofed for his fucceffor the Lord Paiíley, afterward earl of Abercorn, who was gladly faluted as grand maíler eleól.

No ílewards were appointed; but Grand-maíler Richmond defired our brother John James Heidegger to prepare the feaíl in the beft manner.

3UΓtmblp and jrCAÍt at Merchant-taylors’ hall on St. John’s day, December 27.

Lord Paiíley, being in the country, had by letter made the Duke of Richmond his proxy; and all things being regularly tranfa<‰d as aboye, Brother Richmond proclaimed aloud our noble brother James Hamilton, lord Paiíley, grand maíler of mafons,. Brother Richmond, as proxy, continued in the chair, and, in Grand-maíler Paiíley’s ñame, appointed Dr. Defaguliers depnty grand maíler.

Colonel Daniel Houghton, grand wardens, Sir Thomas Prendergaíl, bart.

In both proceíiions the duke walked alone. The fecretary was con­ tinued ; and Brother Heidegger was thanked for the elegant and fumptuous feaíl.

A Γ> 1726.

<5til∏i) ¾0b5C, in ampie form, at the Bell aforefaid, on Monday, February 28, with former grand officers, and thofe of thirty-íix lodges. <5VAtlt> 3fθi)(IC, in ampie form, at the Crown aforefaid, on Monday, December 12, with former grand officers, and thofe of thirty

In

WILLIAM EARL 0F INCHIQUIN, G. M.

217

In tħis long interval the deputy granel mafter duly vifited the lodges lili the principal carne to town, who now propofed for his fucceflor the Earl of Inchiquin, mafter of a lodge, and he was gladly falutedas grand mafter eleét.

No ftewards were appointed; but Brother Edward Lambert undertook to provide the feaft in an elegant manner, according to cuftom.

4iΓcmWn and Jrf4*(l at Mercers’-hall, on Monday, February 27. A. D. All things being regularly tranfaéted as above, Brother Paifley pro- 1727∙ claimed aloud our noble brother William OiBrien, earl of Inchiquin, grand mafter of mafons; who appointed William Cowper, Efq. * his deputy grand mafter.

Alexander Choke, Eíq. ~) William Burdon, Efq. ξgrand wardens.

Mr. Edward Wilíón was made fecretary; and Brother Lambert was thanked for his care of the feaft. •

<5til∏il 310tJ{JC, in ampie form, at the Crown aforefaid, on Wednefday, May io, with former grand officers, and thofe of forty lodges in great harmony.

During the mafteríhip of Lord Inchiquin, Ring George I. having reigned near fourteen years, died at Ofnabrug, in his way to Hanover, where he was buried ; and was fucceeded by his eldeft fon George II. In this reign, feveral of the fifty new churches in the fuburbs of London were built ín a fine ftile upon the parliamentary fund; particularly fhat of St. Mary-le-Strand. But St. Martin’s in the fields was, at the fole charge of the pariíhioners, rebuilt ftrong and regular; and, it being a royal pariíh church, Ring George I. fent Richard biíhop of Saliíbury, his lord almoner, as deputy, and Thomas Hewet, Eíq. his furveyor-general, attended by Brother Gibbs, the architeéf, with many * Formeríy fecretary.

F f

free

21S

A. D. 1727.

WIELIAM EARL 0F INCHIQUIN, G. M. freo mafons, in a folemn proccffion from the palace, to level the footílone of the fouth-eafl córner, by giving it three great knocks with a mallet, in the king’s ñame, and laying upon it a purfe of one hundred guineas : when the trumpets founding, all joined in joyful acclamations.

In this reign alfo, the art was diíplayed in the new buildings in and about Hanover-fquare, as in the neat houfcs of the Dukes of Bolton, Montrofe, and Roxborough; of Sir Robert Sutton and General Wade;; of the Earl of Burlington in Piccadilly; of the Duke of Chandos at Canons near Edgware;* the court of th.e Rolls; Wanílead-honfe, on Epping-foreft, by the Earl of Tilney; Houghton-hall in Norfolk, by Sir Robert Walpole yf Sir Gregory Page’s houfe on Black-heath; and many more, either finiíhcd or founded before the king’s death, that íhew a fine improvement in the royal art., Inchiquin, grand mafler, affembled the OrílUl) ¾θD{JC in quarterly communication, with former grand officers, and thofe of forty lodges, at the Devil tavern, Tempe-bar, on Saturday, June 24.

Ring George II. with his queen Caroline, were crowned at Wefiminfier, on Oéiober 11.

45ratlb

in due form, at the Bell aforeíaid, on Saturday, Otftober 28, with former. grand officers, and thofe of thirty-five lodges.

Deputy Grand-mafier Cowper in the chair..

<5τani) ‰δβc, in due form, at the Devil tavern aforefaid, onTtiefday, December 19, with former grand officers, and thofe of only eighteen lodges. Deputy Grand-mafter Cowper in the chair, excufed the grand mafter’s abfence in Ireland, and his fudden calling them together; for that the feaft drew nigh, and that the grand mafier had, by letter, impowered him to propofe, for his fuccefior, the Lord Coleraine, who was forthwith íaluted as grand mafier eleóL * Sincc pulled down.

t Afterward Earl of Orford.

No

HENRY LORD COLERAINE, G. M.

2 [9

No ftewards being appointed, Brother Lambert again undertook to provide the fea ib

2tiΓclttblp and

at Mcrcers’ hall, on St. John’s day, Wednef- A. D. 1727. day, December 27. All things being regularly tranfaófed as above, Deputy Grand-mafter Cowper proclaimed aloud our noble brother Henry Haré, lord Coleraine, grand mafter of mafons; who appointed Alexander Choke, Eíq. deputy grand mafter, Nathanael Blackerby, Efq. y ∖x τ r t m∙ u • . w,ardens∙ Mr. Joleph Hιghmore, paιnter, ><grand c, Mr. William Reid was made fecretary, and Brother Lambert was thanked for his care.

<23ΓΛVlb ¾0tJ(JC, in ampie form, at the Crown aforefaid, on Wed- A. D. nefday, April 17, with former grand officers, and thofe of twenty-fcven i7z8' lodges.

<0ΓAttb HotlfJC, in ampie form, at the King’s-arms aforefaid, on Tuefday, June 25, with former grand officers, and thofe of twentyeight lodges.

<0ΓΛ∏iJ 3Í0t)QC, in due form, at the Queen’s-head tavern in Great Queen-ftreet, on Tuefday, November 26, with the Earl of Inchiquin, and other former grand officers, and thofe of thirty lodges. Deputy Grand-mafter Choke in the chair, excufed the grand mafter’s abfence, and in his ñame propofed, for fucceffor, the Lord Kingfton, who was well recommended alfo by Brother Inchiquin, and was faluted as grand mafter eleél.

Brother Defaguliers moved to revive the office of ffewards, to aflift the grand wardens in providing the feaft, and that their number be twclve, which was readily agreed to.

F f 2

≡tmW

220

JAMES LORD KINGSTON, G. M.

A. D. 1728.

2lifri∏Mp and JríclR at Mercers’ hall, on St. John’s day, Friday December 27. Deputy Grand-mafter Cholee, with his wardcns, feveral noble brothers, former grand officers, and many brethren, duly cloathed, attended the grand mafter eleól in coaches from his lordfhip’s houfe in Lciceftcr-fquare, and conduéled him from the weft to the eaftτ and all things being regularly tranfañed, Dcputy Grand-maftcr Choke proclaimed aloud ottr noble brother James King, lord Kingfton, of the kingdom of Ireland, grand mafter of mafons; who appointed Natha-<nael Blackerby, Efq. deputy grand mafter.

Sir James Thornhill,. ?

Mr. Martín O-Connor, 5≡rand wardcns^

The fecretary was continued.

A. D. 1729.

<OtΛ∏b 3lθt∣gt, in ampie form, at the Three Tuns, Swithin’s-all’ey, near the Royal Exchangc, on March 27, with former grand officers, and thofe of thirty-one lodges. <5tΛ∏i) 3lθbgC3 in due form, being at the Kingτs-arms aforefaid, on Friday, July 11, with former grand officers, and thofe of twenty-fix lodges. Deputy Grand-mafter Blackerby was in the chair. <Ora∏i) ‰t∙fjt, in ampie form, at the Devil tavern, Temple-bar,, on Tuefday, November 25, with former grand officers, and thofe of twenty-feven lodges.

Kingfton, grand mafter, at his own coft, provided a curious pedeftal and a rich cuíhion, with golden knobs and fringes for the top of the pedeftal; a velvet bag for the fecretary, and a badge of two golden pens acrofs on his breaft: for which very handfome prefents he received due thanks from the brethren prefent.

<0tΛ∏b HciJfJC, in due form, at the aforefaid tavern, on St. John’s dav, Saturday, December 27, with our noble brother Inchiquin, and other

THOMAS DUKE OF NORFOLK, G. M.

22r

other former grand ofticers, and thofc of thirty-two lodges; when Blackerby, deputy grand mafter, in the chair, in the grand mafter’s ñame, and by his letter, propofcd for fucceflor, the Duke of Norfolk, who was joyfully íáluted grand mafter eleóh

2UTcnibip and j'fAÍí at Merchant-taylors’ hall,on Thurfday, Janu- A. D. ary 29. . 1730∙ Kingfton, grand mafter, with his deputy and wardens, attended the grand mafter eleót in the morning, at his grace’s houfe in St. James’sfquare; where he was met by a vaft number of brothers, duly cloathed; and from thence they went from weft to eaft, in the following proceftton.

Brother Johnfon, to clear the way.

Six ftewards, with their badges and white rods.. Two in each chariot.

Brothers without diftinftion, duly cloathed, in gentlemen’s coaches.

The noble and eminent brethren, duly cloathed, in their own chariots.

Former grand officers, not noble, cloathed proper, in gentlemen’s coaches.

Former noble grand mafters cloathed proper, in their own chariots.

The fecretary alone, with his badge and bag, cloathed, in a chariot.

The two grand wardens, cloathed proper, with their badges, in one chariot.

The deputy grand mafter alone, cloathed proper, with his badge, in a chariot.

Kingfton, grand mafter, cloathed proper, with his badge, in one coach..

Norfolk, grand mafter ele<S⅞, cloathed only as a mafon.

The Duke of Norfolk’s coach of ftate empty.

T?Y<¡ceffion

222

THOMAS DUKE OF NORFOLK, G. M, Procejffion of Entry at the Hall Gate.

The twelve ftewards ftanding, fix on each fide of the pafiage, made a lañe with thcir white rods.

Brother Johníbn, oleared the way.

Former grand wardens walked one by one, according to juniority.

Former deputy grand mafters walked one by one, according to juniority.

Former grand mafters by juniority, rυiz, Lord Coleraine, Earl of Inchiquin, Lord Paifley, Duke of Richmond, Earl of Dalkieth, Duke of Montagu, Dr. Dcfagulicrs, George Payne, Efq. and Mr. Anthony Sayer.

The fecrctary alone.

Then the ftewards clofed, walking two and tw®.

The two grand wardens together.

The deputy grand mafter alone.

On the left hand.

On the right hand.

The fword borne by the mafter of The book of Conftitutions on .he the lodge to which it belonged. new cuíhion, carried by the mafter of the fenior lodge.

Kingfton, grand mafter.

Norfolk, grand mafter cleób Maríhall Pine, with his truncheon blue, tipped with gold.

In this order they decently walked into the lodge-room, while the others walked into the hall, where the mafters and wardens of Iodges received their grand mafter with joy and reverence in due form. He fat down in his chair before the pedeftal, covered with the rich cuíhion, υpon which were laid the Conftitutions and the fword; and the grand mafter eletft on his right hand.

The lodge being open, the Iaft minutes were read by the fecretary; and the eleélion of Brother Norfolk was folemnly recognized.

Dinner being ended, and the firft procefíion made round the tables, Brother Kingfton proclaimed aloud the moft noble prince the firft duke, marquis and earl of Grcat-Britain, and our brother, Thomas Howard, duke

THOMAS DUKE OF NORFOLK, G. M; duke of Norfolk, grand mafter of mafons: and having invefted him and inftalled him in Solomon’s chair, he fat down on his right hand.

Upon which the aflembly joined in their homage and congratulations.

Nathanael Blackerby, Efq. deputy grand mafter.

Col. Geo. Carpenter, afterward Lord Carpenter,'λ Thomas Batfon, Efq. counfellor at law, £gr^nd war ens.

The fecretary was continued.

<0t∏Hi) 3113ÍJQC, in ampie form, at the Devil tavern near Temple- A. D. bar, on Tuefday, April2r, with the noble brothers, Richmond, Inchi- 1720' quin, Kingfton, Coleraine, and other former grand officers, with thofe of thirty-one lodges. Much time was fpent in receiving. and beftowing charity. <5tΛIliX

0i3QT, in due form, was agaín held at the Devil tavern,

on Friday, Auguft 2S, with former grand officers, and thofe of thirtyfour lodges. Deputy Grand-maíler Blackerby in the chair.

<0ranfc UoíJfjr. in due form, at the King’s-arms tavern aforefaid, on Tuefday, December 15, with our noble Brother Coleraine, and other former grand officers, and thofe of forty-one lodges. Deputy Grand-mafter Blackerby in the chair, moved to poftpone the feaft, the grand maíler being at Venice; which was agreed to.

A <5rant) ¾t)ijgi was held in due form, at the Devil tavern afore- a. D. faid, on January 29, with former grand officers, and thofe of thirty- 173l∙ one lodges.

Deputy Grand-mafter Blackerby acquainted the Iodge, that though the grand. mafter was now at Venice, he was not unmindful of the brotherhood,. but had fent three kind prefenís, namely, tft, Twenty pounds to the general ftind of charity.

2d, A large folio book of the fineft writing-paper for the records of the grand lodgej richly bound in turkey, and gilded; on the frontif-

THOMAS LORD LOVELL, G. M.

224

frontifpiece in vellum, the arms of Norfolk difplayed, with a Latín infcription of his tifies: and at the end, the arms of mafonry, likewife amply difplayed and iihiminated.

3d, The oíd truíly fword of Guftavus Adolphus king of Sweden, that was worne next by his fuccefTor in war, Bernard duke of Saxe-Weimar, with both their ñames on the blade; which the grand maíler had ordered Brother George Moody, the king’s fword-cutler, to adorn with the arms of Norfolk in filver on the fcabbard; in order to be the grand mafter’s fword of fíate for the future.

The lodge cxpreíTed their grateful acceρtance of thefe generous ρrc∙ fents, in a proper manner. The feaft was again poftponed.

A. D. >731∙

<23πιniJ

ín due form, at the Devil tavern aforeíaid, on Wednefday, March 17, with our brothers Richmond and Coleraine, other former grand officers, Lord Lovell, and the officers of twentynine lodges: when Deputy Grand-maíler Biackerby in the chair, propofed, in the grand mafter’s ñame, for fucceflor, the Lord Lovell, who was faluted grand maíler eleói.

'2l(Γtntblp and jjrcatt at Mercers’ hall, March 27. The proceffion was very fplendid, many noblemen and gentlemen cloathed in white aprons and glovcs, proceeded in coaches, with mufle, from Lord Lovell’s houfe in Great Rüffel-ftreet, Bloomíbury, in the weft, eaílward to the hall; where the deputy grand maíler, in the abfence of the Duke of Norfolk, propofed Thomas Coke lord Lovell, to fucceed his grace in Solomon’s chair, for the year enfuing. But Lord Lovell being ill of an agüe, returned home, and left Lord Coleraine his proxy for the day. AI1 things being regularly tranfaóled, Deputy Grand-maíler Biackerby proclaimed aloud our noble brother Thomas Coke lord

Lovell

, THOMAS

LORD

LOVELL1 G. M.

225

Lovell grand mafter of mafons. Lord Coleraine, being inveíled in his ñame, appointcd Thomas Batfon, Efq. deputy grand mafter.

George Douglas, M. D. J 1james Chambers, γλi 1 • 1 grand wardens. jun. Eíq. J & William Reid, the fecretary, was continued; and Brother George Moody was appointed fword-bearer.

<5ΓΛ∏il 5θiltjt, in ampie form, at the Role tavcrn, in St. Mary- A. D. >73l∙ le-bonne, on Friday, May 14.

Prefent, Lord Lovell, grand ma∩er, Thomas Batfon, Efq. deputy grand maftcr, George Douglas, M. D. J grand wardens.

James Chamberí, Efq. Former grand officers, and The mafters and wardens of thirty-feven lodges.

Lovell, grand mafter, moved that the lodge fhould now return perfonal thanks to Brother Norfolk for his noble prefents to the fraternity; which was done in folemn form, and received by the duke with brotherly affeélion.

The treafurer, Brother Nathanael Blackerby, Efq. paffed his accounts with general fatisfaólion. Several motions were made by the brethren in relation to the general charity, which promifcd great relief to diftrefled brethren. In order to come at a more certain knowledge of the neceíiities and merit of fuch poor brethren as fhould apply for cha­ rity, it was refolved, that all perfons who had ferved the office of grand mafter, or of deputy grand mafter, fhould, for the future, be n embers of the committee of charity; alfo, that the faid committec fhould be reflrained from giving more than five pounds to any one petitioner for charity.

To eafe the grand fecretary of the almoft-impraéiicable labour of writing the minutes of the quarterly communications, to be fent to G g every

226

THOMAS LORD LOVELL, G. M. every lodge; it was propofed to have the faid minutes engraved for the future.

After thefe regulations were fettled, a collecftion was made from the fcveral lodges then prefent, for the general charity.

His Royal Highnefs Francis duke of Lorrain, afterward grand duke óf Tufcany and emperor of Germany, was made an entered apprentice and fellow-craft, at the Hague, by virtue of a deputation for a lodge thcre, confifting of the Rev. Dr. Defaguliers, mafter, John Stanhope, Efq. j John Holtzendorff, Efq. ∣warc^ens> and the other brethren, ,u∕z. Philip Stanhope earl of Chefterfield, lord ambaflador, Jeremiah Strickland, Efq. nephew to the then Biíhop of Namur, Mr. Benjamín Hadley, and a Dutch brother.

Onr faid royal brother Lorrain coming t-o England this year, Grandmafter Lovell formed an occafional lodge at Houghton-hall, Sir Robert Walpole’s houfe in Norfolk, and made Brother Lorrain and Brother Thomas Pelham, duke of Newcaftle, mafter mafons.

A. D. 17 o j φ ° ’

<5tit∏b '^S.θEliTf, ¡n ampie form, at the Half-moon tavern in Cheapfide, on Thurfday, June 24, prefent, Lord Lovell, grand mafter, and his grand officers, and the mafters and wardens of twenty-nine lodges.

The treafurer pafled his accounts; feveral petitions fór charity were read ; fums voted for the relief of diftrefled brethren; and a collecftion made for the general charity.

<OΓilΠtJ 3fc⅛j{J0 at the Devil tavern, within Temple-bar, on Friday, December 3. Prefent, the deputy grand mafter and grand wardens, other grand officers, Captain Ralph Farwinter, provincial grand mafter of Eaft-India, and the mafters and wardens of forty-fix lodges.

The minutes of the laft quarterly communication and committee of charity, being read and confirmed, the treafurer’s accounts were audited, and a colle<ftion made for the public charity.

<0rαnb

ANTHONY LORD MONTACUTE, G. M.

227 X

-9

Or∏lltl HoOíJC at the Devil tavern, within Temple-bar, Thurfday, a. D. March 2.

173≡∙ Prefent, Thomas Batfon, Efq. deputy grand mafter, Dr. George Douglas, grand wardens, pro temp.

Dr. Mifaubin, and the mafters and wardens of thirty-feven lodges.

The treafurer’s accounts being audited, a colle<ftion was made for the fund of public charity.

The twelve brethren who accepted of the office of ftcwards for the enfuing feaft, gave in a lift of their ñames; and being confirmed by the grand mafter, it was refolved, that for the future the board of ftcwards, a<fting at the grand feaft for the eleótion of a grand mafter, fhould each of them annually, after dinner, nomínate and prefent his fucccflór to the grand mafter for his approbation.

Deputy Grand-mafter Batfon propofed, in the grand mafter’s ñame, for fucceflor, the Lord Vifcount Montacute, who was immediately falutcd as grand mafter ele<ft.

<0Γa∏tl UθtJ∣JC at the Devil tavern aforefaid, on Thurfday, April 13, with former grand officers, and thofe of twenty-fevcn lodges, to prepare for the enfuing feaft.

ft(Γcm⅛Iy and ^Fcaít at Merchant-taylors’ hall, on Wcdnefday, April 19. Deputy Grand-mafter Batfon with his wardens, attended the grand mafter elcól at his houfe in Bloomíbury-fquare ; and with fome noble brothers, the Dulces of Montagu and Richmond, the Lord Coleraine, the Lord Carpenter, the Earl of Strathmore, and Lord Teynham, and many others, all duly cloathed, and in coaches, made the proceffion eaftward to the hall; where all things being regularly tranfa&ed as above, Deputy Grand-mafter Batfon proclaimed aloud our G g 2 noble

228

JAMES EARL OF STRATHMORE, G. M.

noble brother Anthony Brotvn Lord Vifeount Montacute, grand maf­ ter of mafons; who appointed Thomas Batfon, deputy grand mafter.

George Rook, Efa. J James Moor Smyth, Efq. j ≡rand ward∞≡≈∙ The fecretary and fword-bearer were continυed..

A. D. 1732∙

<0εfttth HobQT, in due forra, at theCaftle ín Drury-lane, on Thurfday, June 8, with the Eail of Inchiquin, and. other former grand. officers, and thofe of thirty-nine Lodges.

<5rautl JloiJíJC at the De vil tavern aforefaid, on.Tuefday, Novem*∙ ber 21, with Lord Coleraine, Lord Southwell,and other former grand officers, and thoíe of forty-nine lodges.,

A. D. 1

<J5tΠ∏i) 31θi)(Jt at the Devil tavern aforefaid, on Tuefday, May 29, with Lord Southwell, former grand officers, and thofe of forty-two lodges.

Deputy Grand-mafter Batfon ín the chair, propofed, ín the grand mafter’s ñame, the Earl of Strathmore, for hís fucceflor; who being then ín Scotland, our noble brother Thomas Lord Southwell, tindertook to adt as his proxy at the next feaft, and was íáluted as grand mafter elcóL

2l(ΓCΠtIlIp and J-rΓflft at Mercers’ hall, on Thuríday, June 7, De­ puty Grand-mafter Batfon with his wardens attended Lord. Southwell at his houfe ín Grofvenor-ftreet, and with fome noble brothers-, and many others, all duly cloathed, in coaches, made the proceftion eañward to the hall: and all things being regularly tranfaéied as above, Deputy Grand-mafter Batfon proclaimed alotid our noble brother James Lyon, earl of Strathmore, grand mafter of mafons.

His

James earl of strathmore, g. m.

229

His proxy, Lord Southwell, being inveíled and inílalled, appointed Thomas Batfon, Efq. deputy grand maíler, James Smyth, Efq. The fecretary and fword-bearer were continued..

<5VΛ∏0 3LθiJiJt, in ampie form, at the Devil tavern aforefaid, on A. D* Tuefday, December 13, with Sir Edward Manfell, bart. provincial I7o¿>’ grand maíler of South Wales, former grand officers, the Earl of Craufurd, and the officers of fifty-three lodges.

Strathmore grand maíler moved, that, bufineft grcatly encreafing, the grand lodge do refer what they cannot ovcrtake at one time, to the committee of charity, who can make report to the next grand lodge: which was unanimoufly agreed to.

Deputy Grand-maíler Batfon recommended the new colony of Geor­ gia in North-America to the benevolence of the particular lodges.

Brother Thomas Edwards, Efq. warden of the Duke of Richmond’s lodge at the Horn tavern Weilmin∩er,. acquainted this grand lodge, that our Brother Capt. Ralph Farwinter, provincial grand maíler of Eaíl-India,. had fent fiom his lodge at Bengal a cheíl of the beíl arrack, for the ufe of the grand lodge, and ten guineas for the mafons’ charity; which the lodge gratefully rcceivcd. <5ta∏tJ ¾0tJ(JC at the Devil tavern aforefaid, on Monday, March a. D. 18, with former grand officers, and the officers of forty-feven lodges; 173÷∙ whcn Deputy Grand-maíler Batfon in the chair, propofed, in the grand maíler’s ñame, for fucceffor, the Earl of Craufurd, maíler of a lodge, who was falutcd as grand. maíler eleél..

MKfettiüítí and jfCílít at Mercers’ hall, on Saturday, March 30, De­ puty Grand-maíler Batfon with his grand wardens attcndcd the grand maíler eleél, at his houíé in Great Marlborough-∩reet, with many noble brothers,

23∂

jOHNT EARL 0F CRAUFURD, G. M. brothers, and others, all duly cloathed and in coaches, made the proceffion eaftward to the hall, with a band of mufle, to Iead the van, and play at the gate till all arrived. Every thing was regularly tranfaóied as ufual on this folemn occaíion. Deputy Grand-mafter Batfon proclaimed aloud, our noble brother, and the firft earl of Scotland, John Lindfay earl of Craufurd grand mafter of mafons; who appointed Sir Cecil Wray, bart. deputy grand mafter, John Ward, Efq. Sir Edward Manfell, bart. (⅛rand uardens.

Brother John Revis was made grand fecretary, and Brother Moody was continued fword-bearer.

A. D. ≡735∙

<0tΛ∏iJ ¾<jiJtJC, in ampie form, at the Devil tavern, on Monday, February 24, the Dukes of Richmond and Búccleugh, and other former grand officers, the Earl of Balcarras, the Vifcount Weymouth, and the officers of forty-feven lodges.

Craufurd grand mafter, made a very handfome apology for not callíng them together fooner, on account of his being engaged in public bufinefs. He then propofed for his fucceíTor, the Lord Vifcount Weymouth; who was faluted as grand mafter eleéh Brother Anderfon, author of the book of conftitutions, reprefenting that a new edition was become necefíary, and that he had prepared materials for it, the grand mafter and the lodge ordered him to lay the fame before the prefent and former grand officers; that they might report théir Opinión to the grand lodge. At the fame time a book called ‘ the Free Mafon,s F^ade-mecum, was condemned by the grand lodge, as a piratical filly produélion, done without leave ; and the brethren were warned not to ufe it, ñor encourage the fale thereof.

45ta∏D 3iθtJ∏C, in ampie form, at the Devíl tavern, on Monday, March 31, with former grand officers, ánd thofe of forty-one lódges.

Craufurd,

231

THOMAS LORD WEYMOUTH, G. M. v

v—

Craufurd, grand mafter, propofed feveral things for the good of the fraternity, which were approved, and are included among the regulations of the committee of charity.

Brother Anderfon was ordered to infert in the new edition of the Conftitutions, all the patrons of antient mafonry fhat could be colle<fted from. the beginning of time; with the grand mafters and wardens, antient and modern, and the ñames of the ñewards fince Grand-mafter Montagu. * ζHΠ^CΠltslp and at Mercers’ hall, on Thurfday April 17; when Craufurd, grand mafter, with his deputy and wardens, and the noble A. D. brothers the Dukes of Richmond and Athole, the Marquis of Beau- 1"3S, mont, the Earls of Winchelfea, Wemyfs, Loudon and Balcarras, the Lord Cathcart, and Lord Vete Bertie, with many other brothers, all duly cloathed, attended the grand mafter eletft; and from his houfe in Grofvenor-fquaie in the weft, made the procefíion, with a band of mufle leading the van, eaftward to the hall.

All things being regularly tranfatfted at the feaft, Brother Craufurd proclaimed aloud our noble brother Thomas Thynne, lord vifcount Weymouth, grand mafter of mafons; who appointed John Ward, Efq. deputy grand mafter, Sir Edward Manfell, bart. f Martín Clare, A. M. and F. R. S. j ≡rand wardens≈

The fecretary and fword-bearer continued. <5Γ3∏i) L!θb(JC at the Devil tavern, on Thurfday, June 24, with former grand officers, and thofe of thirty-one lodges.

Deputy Grand-maftcr Ward in the chair, in an excellent fpeech recommended temper and decency. * At the end of this volume, they are now íirft given in a tabular form, regularly dotvn to the.publicaticn of the prefent edition.

The

JOHN EARL OF LOUDON, G. M. The brothers that ferved the office of ílewards íince grand maíler the Duke of Montagu, addreíTed the grand lodge.for certain privileges, which were granted, and are recorded in the Regulations.

A. D. 1736∙

<0tΛ∏b Uoílíjt, in due form, at the Devil tavern on Thurfday, December n, with former grand officers, and thofe of fifty-feven lodges; George Payne, Efq. formerly grand maíler, in the chair; Martín Clare the grand vvarden aéling as deputy grand maíler.

James Anderfon, D. D. J Jacob Lambal!, J'≡rand "ardens> fn temt,'

Brother Rigby from Bengal brought from thenoe íwenty guineas for the charity.

Sir Robert Lawley, maíler of the ilewards, lodge, with his wardens and nine more, with their new badges, appeared, twelve in number, for the firíl time.

The lodge ordered a letter of thanks to be fent to the lodge at Ben­ gal, for their generous and kind prefents.

<0ΓΛlliI líútigf at the Devíl tavern, on Tuefday, April 6, with the Duke of Richmond, the Earl of Craufurd, and other former grand officers, the Earl of Loudon, the ílewards’ lodge, and five prefent ílewards., with the officers of íixty-one lodges.

Deputy Grand-maíler Ward in the chair, propofed fome rules of communication that were approved, and now make part of the general regulations. Then he propofed in the grand maíler’s ñame, for fucceflbr, the Earl of Loudon, who was forthwith faluted as grand maíler eleót.

2liΓc∏lbI∏ and

at Fiíhmongers’ hall, on Thurfday, April 15, Deputy Grand-maíler Ward, with his wardens, and the noble brothers, the Duke of Richmond, the Earls of Craufurd and Albemarle, Vifcount Harcourt,

JOHN EARL OF LOUDON, G. M.

≡33

Harcourt, Lord Eríkine, Lord' Southwell, Mr. Anftis garter kíng at arms, Mr. Brody lion king at arms, with many other brothers, all duly cloathed, attended the grand mafter eleéf; and from his houfe at Whitehall, made the proceflion in coaches, with the band of mufle, caftward to the hall.

Deputy Grand-mafter Ward proclaimed aloud our noble brother John Campbell, earl of Loudon, grand mafter of mafons; who appointed John Ward, Efq. deputy grand mafter, Sir Robert Lawley, bart. ] Wiliiam Orame, M. D. and F. R. S.J⅛rand wardens∙

The fecretary and fword-bearer were continued.

<5tfllli) ¾0t!gC, in ampie form, at the Devil tavern, on Thurfday, A. D. June 17, with the Earl of Craufurd, and other former grand officers, 17λ°' the ftewards’ lodge, the new ftewards, and the oflicers of thirty-fix lodges. Júnior Grand warden Grseme añed as deputy grand-mafter pro tempore, Lord Eríkine and Capt.------- Young, grand wardens pro tempore.

OtΛ∏b 3ÍOÍ)£JC, in due form, at the Devil taverft, on St. John the Evangelift’s day, Monday, December 27, with former grand oflicers, the ftewards’ lodge, the prefent ftewards, and the oflicers of fifty-two lodges. Prefent, Sir Robert Lawley, fenior grand warden, in the chair, as grand mafter pro tempere; Wiliiam Gr≡eme, júnior grand warden, as deputy grand mafter, pro tempore; Martín Clare, and Ja­ cob Lamball, grand wardens, pro temp.

The bye-laws of the lodge at Exeter were publicly read and applauded, and a letter of thanks was ordered to be fent to them, for their handfome contribution to the general charity.

H h

<3ranfc

234

A. D. >737-

EDWARD EARL DARNLEY, G. M. <δΓΛ∏i> SotííJC, in ampie form, at the Devil tavern, on Thurfday, April 13, with the Earl of Craufurd, and other former grand officers; the Earls of Wemyfs, Hume, and Darnley; the Stewards’ lodge, the prefent ftewards, and the officers of feventy-five lodges.

After the affair of charity was over, Loudon, grand mafter, propofed for his fucceffor the Earl of Darnley, mafter of a lodge, who tvas accordingly faluted as grand mafter eleéL.

2liΓtΠlb!p and at Fiíhmongers’ hall, on Thurfday, April 28, when Loudon, grand mafter, with his deputy and wardens, the noble brothers, the Duke of Richmond, the Earls of Craufurd and Wemyfs, Lord Grey of Grooby, the ñewards, and many other brothers, all duly cloathed, attended the grand mafter eleót at his houfe in PallMalí, and wcnt in proceffion eaftward to the hall, in a very folemn manner, in coaches, having three bands of mufic, próperly difpofed ¡a the march. All things being regularly tranfaéled, the Earl of Loudon proclaimed aloud our noble brorher, Edward Bligh, earl and vifcount Darnley, lord Clifton, grand mafter of mafons;. who appointed John Ward, Efq. deputy grand mafter, Sir Robert Lawley, bart. "i William Gr≈π>e, M. D. and F. R. S,]Srand wardens∙ The fecretary and fword-bearer were continued.

<0VΛ∏O SoOgf, ¡n ampie fbrm, at the Devil tavern, on Wednefday, June 29, with the Earl of Loudon, and other former grand officers, the ftewards’ lodge, new ftewards, and the officers of forty-nine lodgesf On November 5, an occaíional lodge was held at the Prince of Wales’s palace at Kew, near Richmond, by the Rev. Dr. Defaguliers, formerly grand mafter, as mafter; Mr. William Gofton, fenior, attorney at law, and Mr. Erafmus King, júnior, mathematician, wardens; the Right Hon. Charles Calvert, Lord Baltimore, the Hon. Colonel James

EDWARD EARL DARNLEY, G. M.

235

James Lumley, the Hon. Major Madden, Mr. De Noyer, Mr. Vra<ien; and when formed and tiled, His Royal Highnefs Frederic, late Prince of Wales, was in the ufual manner introduced, and made an entered apprentice and fellow craft.

Our faid royal brother Frederic was made a maíler mafon by the fame lodge, that afíembled there again for that purpofe. And ever after, both in the grand lodge, and in particular lodges, the fraternity joyfully remember his royal highnefs and his fon, our prefent fovereign, in the proper manner. <0ra∏b HüíIÍJC, in ampie form, at the Devil tavern, on Wednef- A. D. day, January 25, with the Earl of Loudon, and other former grand 173^∙ officers, Lord George Graham, the ílewards’ lodge, the prefent ñewards, and the. officers of íixty-íix lodges. The bufinefs of charity being finiíhed, they approved of the new edition of the book of Conílitutions, and ordered the author, Brother Anderfon, to print the fame, with the addition of a new Regulation.

<5ΓΛ∏tl SúiJgC, in ampie form, at the Devil tavern, on Thurfday, April 6. Prefent, Darnley, grand maíler; John Ward, Efq. deputy grand maíler; William Grseme, fenior, and James Anderfon, júnior, grand wardens, pro tempore; the Earl of Inchiquin, John Hammerton, Efq. provincial grand maíler of Carolina; Nathanael Blackerby, treaíurer; the Marquis of Caernarvon; the ílewards’ lodge, the prefent ílewards, and the officers of fixty lodges.

Nathanael Blackerby, Efq. the treafurcr, having cleared his accounts, refigned his office; upon which the grand maíler and the lodge appointed the Secretary Revis to be treafurer.

Darnley, grand maíler, propofed for his fuccefíbr the Marquis of Caernarvon, who was accordingly faluted as grand maíler eleél.

H h z

2ttΓcmbI)(∣

,236

HENRY MARQUIS OF CAERNARVON, G. M.

A. D. >73θ∙

2f(Γc∏lljIμ and taft being at Fiíhmongers’ hall, on Thurf. April 27.

Darnley, grand mafter, with his deputy and wardens, the noble brcthers Richmond, Inchiquin, Loudon, and Coleraine, late grand mafters; Earl of Kintore, Lord Grey of Gropby, the ftewards, and a great many other brothers, all duly cloathed, attended the grand mafter eleél, at his houfe in Grofvenor-ftreet, and went in proceffion with a band of muíic, eaftward to the hall. All things being regularly tranfaéled as ufual, the Earl of Darnley proclaixned aloud our noble brother Henry Brydges, marquis of Caernarvon, fon and heir-apparent to the Duke of Chandos, knight of the Bath, and one of the bedchamber to our royal brother Frederick prince of Wales, grand mafter of mafons;. who appointed John. Ward, Efq. deputy grand mafterr Lord George Graham, Andrew Robinfon, The fecretary and. fword-bearer continued.

Brother Revis, the grand fecretary, declined the office of treafurer∙ becaufe one perfon fhould not take upon him both offices; for that the one fhould be a check upon the other,.

45tft∏i) liobCjC, in due form, at the Devil tavern, on Wednefday, June 28. Prefent, Lord George Graham, fenior grand warden, in the chair, a8 grand mafter; William Graeme, M. D. as deputy grand mafter, pro tempore∙, Capt. Andrew Robinfon, as fenior grand warden; and Mr. Benjamin Gafcoyne, as júnior grand warden; with former grand officers, the ftewards’ lodge, the prefent ftewards, and the officers of fixty-one lodges.

Moft of the time was fpent in receiving the charity of the lodges, and in relieving poor brothers.

Brother

HENRY MARQUIS 0F CAERNARVON, G. M. Brother Revis, the grand fecretary, having declined the office of treafurer, the lodge defired him to aói as fuch, till a proper treafurer was appointed.

<25tanb Hobtjt held at the Devil tavern, on Wednefday, January 31. A. D. Prefent, the Marquis of Caernarvon, grand maffer; William Graeme, 1~3g, Eíq. as deputygrand maffer; Lord George Graham, and Andrew Robinfon, grand wardens; Robert Tomlinfon, Efq. provincial grand maffer of New-England ; John Hammerton, Efq. provincial grand mafter of Carolina; feveral former grand officers, and the maffers and war­ dens of ninety-two lodges.

A colle&ion being made for the general fund of charity ; it was, by a motion from Dr. Defaguliers, unanimoufly left to the grand maffer to appoint a grand treafurer; who accordingly named Brother John Jefle, Efq. comptroller of the poft-office, and who was approved of by the communication.

A fcheme was propofed for the placing out mafons* fons apprentices ; but after long debates the propofal was rejeéted, as a fcheme too exteníive for the fund of charity.

The grand maffer prefented the fociety with a Iarge jewel of gold for the ufe of their grand fecretary, being two crofs pens in a knot; the knot and points of the pens curiouffy enamelled.

<5ril∏iJ

held at the Crown tavern, behind the Royal Exchange, on Friday, April 13. Prefent, the grand maffer, and all his grand officers; the Earls of Loudon and Darnley; feveral late grand ©fficers, and the maffers and wardens of fixty-ffve lodges.

A col-

238

ROBERT LORD RAYMOND, G. M. A colleólion was made for the general fund of charity, and the grand mafter having afíured the fraternity of his future proteélion, propofcd the Right Hon. Robert Raymond, lord Raymond, barón of AbbotsLangley, for his fucceflor; which declaration was received with great applaufe.

It was by this lodge ordained, that every lodge on removing from one houfe to another, fhould pay two fhillings and fixpence to tKe engraver appointed by the foqiety; and every lodge that fhould change the times of their mcetings, one íhilling for the neceflary alterations in the engraved lift.

a.d.

1739∙

2l(Γcmblp and

at Fifhmongcrs’ hall, May 3; The proceffion was made in carriages from the Braund’s-head tavern in New Bond-ftreet, by the Marquisof Cacrnarvon, grand mafter, with his officers ; the Earls of Loudon and Darnley, late grand mafters; the Duke of Gordon, and many other noble and eminent brethren, attended by the grand mafter eleól, in a regular manner, to Fiíhmongers’ hall, with a band of muñe before them; where every thing was elegantly condutfted.

The grand mafters and his officers being withdrawn into a convenient room, the mafters and wardens of the feveral lodges were called in, when the grand mafter renewed his propofal of the Right Hon. Robert Lord Raymond, for grand mafter for the year enfuing; which met with univerfal approbation.

After dinner, Grand-mafter Caernarvon made the firft procefíion round the hall, and very affeélionately took leave of the brethren.

Being rcturned, and feated in the chair, he proclaimed aloud our noble brother Robert Lord Raymond, barón of Abbots-Langley, grand maf­ ter of mafons; placed him in Solomon’s chair, and invefted him with the proper jewel of his high office; when he appointed the following brethren his officers, William

ROBERT LORD RAYMONDj G. M.

239

William Graeme, M. D. F. R. S. deputy grand mafler, John Harvey Thuríby, Efq. J Roben Foy, Efq. jgrand warden»,

Mr. John Revis, grand fecretary, Mr. George Moody, fword-bearcr.

<OΓtl∏tl ¾θb(JC> hcld on June 30, at the Devil tavern, Temple-bar, A. D⅛ by the grand maflers, all the grand officers, and the officers of fifty- 1739' feven lodges.

After a handfome contribution to the fund of the general charity, they proceeded to examine a complaint exhibited againfl certain brethren, fufpeéted of being concerned in an irregular making of mafons; but did not go through with the enquiry. at the lafl-mentioned tavern, was held December 12, by the grand mafler, other grand officers, with the maflers and wardens of feventy lodges.

Having gone through the neceffary forms obferved at the quarterly communications, and made a handfome colleéiion for the general fund of charity, twenty pounds were ordcred to be paid for the relief of a brother, who had been cruelly treated by the inquifition at Florence, ©n the fole account of his being a mafon. The enquiry into the irregularities complained of at the laft communication was finiíhed, and the tranfgreffors pardoned, upon fubmiffion, and promifes of future good behaviour: it was then ordered, that the laws be flricflly put in cxecution againfl: all brethren who íhould, for the future, countenance, connive, or affiñ at any irregular makings. *. <5rantJ

<6rαntι

» The grand lodge juftly confidered fuch proceedings as an infringcment on the origi­ nal laws, an encroachment on the privileges, and an inipofition on the charitable fund of the fociety. It was therefore refolved to dilcountenance thofe affemblies, and to enforce the laws againfl all brethren who were aiding or affifting in the clandeftine reception

240 A. D. j740.

ROBERT LORD RAYMOND, G. M.

OVÍini) 3lθiJ(JC, at the hft-mentioned tavern, held March 28, ín ampie form. Prefent, William Graeme, M. D. F. R. S. deputy grand mafter, as grand mafter, John Theophilus Defaguliers, LL. D. F. R. 8. as deputy grand mafter, Robert Foy, Efq. and Samuel Berrington, gentleman, grand wardens, George Payne, Efq. the Earls of Loudon and rcception of any perfon into ma'fonry, at any of thefe ¡Ilegal conventions. This irritated the brethren who had incurred the cenfure of the grand lodge ; who, inílead of returning to their duty, and renouncing their error, perfiñed in their contumacy, and openly refufed to pay allegiance to the grand tnaíler, or obedience to the maudates of the grand lodge. In contempt of the antient and eftablifhed laws ef the order, tliey fet up a power indepcndent, and taking advantage of the inexperience of their affociates, infifted that they had an equal authority with the grand lodge to make, pafs, and raife mafons. At this time no private lodge had the power of paffing or raifing mafons ; ñor could any brother be advanced to either of thefe degrees but in the grand lodge, with the unanimous confent and approhation of,aJl the brethren in comino ni* catión aflembled. Under a fifl.itio.us fanflion of the antient York conílitutíon, which was dropped at the revival of the grand lodge in 1717, they prefumed to claim tlie right of conftituting lodges. Some brethren at York, continued indeed to afl under their original conftitution, notwithftanding the revival of the grand lodge of England; but the irregular mafons in London never received any patroκage froni them. The antient York njafons were confined to one lodge, which is fiill extant, but confifts of very few members1 and will probably be foon altogether annihilated. This ¡Ile­ gal and unconñitutional claim obliged the regular mafons to adopt new meafures to detefl thefe impoftors, and debar them and their abettors from the countenance and proteflion of the regular lodges.

To accompliíh this purpofe more eífeflually, fome variations wer.e made in the cftabliíhed forms ; which afforded a lubterfuge, at which the refraflory brethren readily grafped. They now aífumed the appellation of antient mafons, proclaimed themfelves enemies to ail innovation, infifted that they preferved the antient ufages of the order, and that the regular lodges, on whom they conferred the tille of modern mafons, had adopted new meafures, ¡Ilegal and unconflitutional : thus by a new fpecies of deceit and impofition they endeavoured to fupport an exiftence ; ufing the heccíTary precautions taken by the grand lodge to detefl them, as grounds for a novel and ridiculous diílinflion of antient and modern mafons. This artífice ftrengthened their party in fome degree ; the uninformed were caught by the deception ; and in order to procure farther fupport to their aífumed authority, they alfo determined to interrupt the regular mode of fucceflion

to

JO HN • E ARL

241

O F K1N TORE, G. M.

and Parnley, late grand maílers, the Earl of Kintore, grand maíler ele<ft, James Keith, Eíq. lieutenant-gencral in the fcrvice of Rufiia; with the maílers and wardens of fifty-eight lodges.

The neceffary and ufual forms being obferved, and a handfome colleélion made for the general fund of charity, Brother Graeme, in the ñame of the grand maíler, propofed the Right Hon. John Keith, earl of Kintore, for grand maíler for the year enluing; which propofal was received with great applaufe, and his health drank as grand maíler eleéi. ^íTtmüIp and at Haberdaíhers’ hall in Maiden-lane, Lon- A. D. don, April 22.

174°* The procefíion was made at the requeíl of the grand maíler eleól, from the Braund’s-head tavern in New Bond-ílreet, in the weíl, by the Lord Raymond, grand maíler; William Gr≡eme, M. D. F. R. S. deputy grand maíler; Robert Foy, Efq. as fenior grand warden; Lord George Graham, as júnior grand warden; George Payne, Efq. Dr. Defaguliers, the Earls of Loudon and Darnley, late grand maílers; Mar­ tín Folkes, Thomas Batfon, and John Ward, Eíqrs. late deputy grand maílers; twelve ílewards, and a great number of former grand officers, to the office of grand maíler, by elecling a cliief ruler under that deíignation, and other officers under the title of grand officers, appointed from their own body : convinced that the moft probable means for eflabliíhing their oppofition, would be by liberally conferring honours on their votaries, to fecure their allegiance, and to induce others to join them. They framed a code of laws for their government, iffued patents for new lodges, and exaéted certain fees of conllitution, from vvhich they hoped to raife a fund fufficient to fupport their power. They fo far fucceeded in their new plan, as to be acknowledged by many ; fome gentlemen of family and fortune entered among them ; and even many regular mafons were fo unaequainted with their origin, or the laws of the fociety, as to attend their lodges, and give a tacit fanftion to their proceedings. Of late years, however, they have not been fo .fuceefsful. The laws being more generally known, the impropriety of countenancing their meafures has been more clearly difeovered, and their meetings have not only been lefs encouraged, but many of their beft members have deferted them.

I i

a∏4

242

J OH NT

EARL OF KINTORE, G. M.

and other brethren, properly cloathed, in coaches, and preceded by a band of mufic to Haberdaíhers’ hall in the eaft.

Being arrived at the hall, the grand lodge affemblcd in a convenient apartment, and called in the mafters and wardens of the feveral lodges; to whom Grand-mafter Raymond propofed the Right Hon. John Keith, Earl of Kintore, grand mafter for the year enfuing; who was thereupon duly and unanimoufly eleóled.

After dinner, the grand mafter made the firft procefíion round the hall, and, being returned to his chair, declared the Right Hon. John earl of Kintore, lord Keith of Inverary and Keith-hall, grand mafter of mafons; placed him in Solomon’s chair, and invefted him with the proper jewel of his high ftation ; who having ’oeen congratulated, according to the forms of mafonry, he appointed William Graeme, M. D. F. R. tí. deputy grand mafterJames Ruck, Efq. William Vaughan, Efq^rand wardens∙ Brother John Revis, grand fecretary; and Brother George Moody, fword-bearer.

A. D.

43rant∣ %θb(JC at the Devil tavern, Temple-bar, was held on July

174°'

23, in ampie form, forty-feven lodges attending; who contributed handfomely to the general fund of cbarity.. This lodge put in forcé the regulation, which requires every petitioner for charity to have becn a member of fome regular lodge within the fpace of five years: and three of the late ftewards were complained of, for being prefent and afíifting at irregular makings.

A. D. 1741∙

√5tΛ∏i> 1ÍOÍJQC, at the tavern aforefaid, was held on January 7, in ampie form, fifty-nine lodges attending.

A large colleélion was made for the general fund of charity, by the addition of twelve guineas fent by the brethren of tít. MichaeΓs lodge,

JAMES EARL OF MORTON, G. M.

2 43

lodge, in the iííand of Barbadoes; and fevcral fums were given for thc relief of indigent brethren, according to their circumftances.

3Liii33t at the tavern aforefaid, was held February 24, by a. D. William Grseme, M. D. F. R. S. deputy grand mañer, as grand maf∙∙ 174l∙ ter, Martín Clare, A. M. F. R. S. júnior grand warden, as deputy grand mafter; Benjamín Gafcoyne, and Samuel Berrington, grand wardens; Attendcd by George Payne, Efq. Earl of Loudon, Lord Raymond, late grand mafters; Lord Ward, late deputy grand mafter; the Earls of Morton and Hyndford ; his excellency iMajor-general Count Trouches de Waldburg, ambaíTador from the King of Pruília; and the mafters and wardens of forty-one lodges.

A colleétion was made for the general fund of charity, and a committee was appointed to examine the proceedings of the lodge at Calcutta in the Eaft-Indies, tranfmitted to the grand lodge for their advice and direélions; and to report their proceedings to the next communication.

Brother Grseme, in the ñame of the Earl of Kintore, the prefent grand mafter, then propofed the Right Hon. James Douglas, earl of Morton, knight of the thiftle, to be grand mafter for theyear enfuing; to the great fatisfaéiion of the brethren, who drank his health as grand mafter eleéL

¾fΓcmblp and JrCAÍt at Haberdaíhers’ hall, in London, on March 19.

Lord Keith, grand mafter, being in the north, his deputy William Grseme, M. D. F. R. S. attended by Martín Clare, A. M. F. R. S. and Brother Benjamín Gafcoyne, Efq. aéfing as grand wardens pro tempore; George Payne, Efq. Dr. Defaguliers, the Earls of Loudon and Darnley, thc Marquis of Caernarvon, late grand mafters; Martín Folkes, Efq. Lord Ward, late deputy grand mafters; Sir Robert Lawley, bart. late fenior grand warden; the Earls of Perth and Clanrickard; his ex­ cellency Major-general Count Trouches de Waldburg, ambaíTador

I i 2

.

from

244 —√—

JAMES EARL OF MORTON, G. M. from the King of Pruffia; Monf. Andrie, the Pruflian envoy; Barón Waflcnberg, envoy from the King of Sweden; Monf Bielfield, fecretary to the Pruffian ambafly; Count Harrach, Count OcL)aniel; the tvvelve ftewards, and a grcat number of other brethren, in their pro­ per cloathing, waitcd on the Earl of Morton, grand mafler eleéf, at his houfe in New Bond-ftreet; and after being there kindly entertained at breakfafl, made the proceffion in carriages, and three fets of mufic playing before them to Haberdaíhers’ hall aforefaid.

At the hall gate, the flcwards received the cavalcade, and condu<fled the grand officers through the hall into an inner cbamber, the deputy grand mafler carrying the grand mafter’s jewel. The deputy grand mafler having fummoned the maflers and wardens of all the regular lodges prefent to attend him in the faid inner chamber, he there propofed the Right Hon. James earl of Morton, to be their grand mafler for the year enfuing; who was immediately and unanimoufly approved of and eleéfed; and at the general requeft of the brethren, Lord Loudon was prevailed upon to aát as grand mafler -pro tempore.

The Earl of Loudon in the chair, and dinner being over, his Iordíhip made the proceflion round the hall, and in the ñame of the prefent grand mafler, took leave of the brethren in due form; and, being returned to the chair, the grand fecretary proclaimed the Right Hon. James Douglas, earl of Morton, grand mafler of mafons for the year enfuing; whereupon his lordíhip was invefted with the proper jewel of his high office, and received the homage of all the brethren., Morton, grand mafler, appointed Martín Clare, A. M. F. R. S. deputy grand mafler,William Vaughan, Efq. j Benjamín Gafcoyne, Efq. jgrand waidens,

John Revis, gent. grand fecretary, George Moody, fword-bearer.

Particular thanks were given to Brother Vaughan, fenior grand warden, for his prefent of a fine large Cornelian feal, engraved with the

james earl o f m o r t o nj g. m. the arms of mafonry, fet in gold, and properly embelliffied, to the fociety.

<5tiinδ 3Lθi)gC, in ampie form, was held at the Devil tavern, a. D. Temple-bar, on Wednefday, June 24. Prefent, the deputy grand 174l∙ mafter and the grand wardens, ftewards, the mafters and wardens of thirty lodges; who contributed handfomely to the general fund of charity. After the ufual forms, it was refolved, that the treafurer of this fociety be eleólive at the Communication after the grand feaft annually, and only by the brethren aflembled in quarterly communica­ tion ; and that the treafurer, fecretary, and fword-bearer, be thenceforward members of every quarterly communication or grand lodge.

Brother John Jefle, Efq. was then put in nomination for grand trea­ furer, and was eleóied unanimoufly.

The order of the proceftlon round the hall at all future grand feafts, was, at this time, prefcribed in the form to be found among the regulations of the grand feaft. <0ranθ ≡oiιgf, at the Devil tavern, Temple-bar, was held on Ja- A. D. nuary 12. Prefent, the grand mafter and his officers; the Earl of Lou- 174≡∙ don, late grand mafter, and the Earl of Hume ; the ftewards, and maf­ ters and wardens of fifty-nine lodges.

After a handfome colleétion had been made for the general fund of charity, the grand mafter prcfented a ftaff, painted blue, and tipped with gold, for the ufe of the treafurer in the exerciíe of his office, on all fuitable occafions.

<5ta∏iJ 2θδftC> at the Devil tavern, Temple-bar, was held on March 23. Prefent, the grand mafter and his officers, the Earls of Loudon and Darnley, late grand mafters; Lord Ward; other late grand officers; the ftewards, and the mafters and wardens of thirtyfive lodges.

After

246

‘'

JOHN

LORD

WARD, G.M.

After a colleólion had been made for thc general fund of charity, a motion was made to repeal a law made at the quarterly communication on June 24. laft, for reflraining the conffitution of lodges within the bilis of mortality; which, after a ímall debate, being found detrimental to the craft, was ordered to be repealed. Iníiead thereof, it was ordered, that every brother do conform to the law made at the quarterly communication, held February 19, 1723, ‘ That no brother * belong to more than One Lodge within the bilis of mortality.’

The grand ma’íler informed the brethren of his intention to fix the grand feaft on the 27th of April following; and propofed the Right Hon. John lord Ward, barón of Birmingham, for his fuccefl'or ; w.hich nomination was received with the higheft fatisfaélion by all the bre­ thren, and accepted, with great regard for the craft, by that noble lord, who had in every capacity diftinguiíhed himfelf by his freedom, fervency, and zeal, as ,a mafon.

A. D. 1742<

2l(Γc∏lIjlp and at Haberdaíhers’ hall aforefaid, on April 27.

Morton, grand mafter, attended by his grand officers; the Earls of Loudon and Darnley, and the Marquis of Caernarvon, late grand mafters; the Earl of Anglefca; former grand officers; the ftewards, and a great number of other brethren, properly cloathed, waited on Lord Ward, at his houfe in Upper Brook-ftreet; and after a kind entertainmcnt at breakfaft, made the proceffion from thence in carriages, and with three fets of muíic playing before them, to the hall aforefaid.

The ñewards received the cavalcade at the hall gate, and conduéted the grand officers through the hall to an inner chamber; where the grand mafter, having fummoned into his prefence the maílers and wardens of thc regular lodges attending without, propofed the Right Hon. John lord Ward, barón of Birmingham in the county of Warwick, for grand mafter for the year enfuing; who being unanimouíly approved

of, was eleδied in due form.

Dinner

J O H N

LORD

W A R D,

G. M.

247

Dinner being over, Grand-mafter Morton made the firft proceftion round the hall, and took his leave in a graceful and affetftionate manner. Being returned to his chair, his lordfhip, after a handfome fpeech, caufed the grand fecretary to proclaim the Right Hon. John lord Ward, barón of Birmingham in the county of Warwick, grand mafter of mafons; who being placed in Solomon’s chair, invefted, and recognized by the brethren, appointed Sir Robert Lawley, bart. deputy grand mafter, Edvvard Hody, M. D. F. K. S. 1 o ∣d∙ Igrand wardens, bamuel Bernngton, Jo ’ And continued the grand fecretary and fword-bearer.

• <5tΛΠil HθtJfJC, at the Devil tavern, Temple-bar, was held on A. D. June 24. Prefent, Lord Ward, grand mafter, all his grand officers, 17÷2' feveral late grand officers, ftewards, and the mafters and wardens of twenty-fix lodges, who contributcd handfomely to the general fund of charity ; and after the ufual forms, proceeded to the elediion of a grand treafurer, and unanimouíly re-chofe Brother John Jefíe, Eíq.

The mafter of the Turk’s-head lodge in Greek-ftreet, Soho, acquainted the grand mafter, that as the faid lodge was greatly declined, he and the members had joined the King’s-Arms lodge, No. 38, held at the Cannon, Charing-crofs ; and that by the confent of the faid Turk’shead lodge, he did íiirrender the Conftitution thereof: for which they were much applauded by the grand mafter, as worthy of example, where lodges were in a declining ftate.

Three lodges were erazed out of the lift, no longer to be eñeemed regular lodges, for not attending the grand mafter in quarterly communication, purfuant to feveral notices íént thcm refpetftivcly.

<Ova∏tJ at the Devil tavern, Temple-bar, was held on Fe- A.D. bruary 8. Prefent, the grand mafter, and all his- officers; feveral late grand

24-9

J O H N

LORD

WARD, G. M.

grand officers; ftewards, and the mafters and wardens of fixty lodges; who contributed generouíly to the general fund of charity.

The brethren were highly fatisfied with the conducft of the Iodge held at the Rofe in Cheapíide; who, finding their ftate in great decline, had joined themfelves to the Swan and Rummer in Bartholomew-lane, near the Royal Exchange, and furrendered their Conftitution to the grand mafter at the communication.

A. D. 1743∙

A. D.

1744∙

<OΓΛΠ∑J 3Lθi)j(Jt, at the Devil tavcrn, Temple-bar, was held on April 9. Prefent, the grand mafter, and all his officers; feveral late grand officers; the ftewards, and the mafters and wardens of thirty-two lodges.

The Ring being gone abroad, and feveral of the brethren being abfent with his majefty; and others having retired to their country feats; it was propofed to defer the annual afíembly and feaft; and to requeft Ward, grand mafter to continué in the chair for fome time longer.

The brethren approved of this motion, and upon alleging a precedent of the like fort, under Richmond grand mafter, his lordíhip condefcended to continué in the chair till a more proper opportunity for chufing a fucceflor.

The grand mafter then propofed, as there was to be no feaft in town, to meet the brethren at Brother Vipont’s in Hampftead, there to diñe on the 16th of May. Scven lodges were erazed out of the lift, for not attending the grand mafter in quarterly communication, purfuant to feveral notices fent them reípcélivcly.

<5ra∏lJ UoüíJC, at the De vil tavern, Temple-bar, was held on April 4. Prefent, the grand mafter, Lord Ward; all his officers; Lord Loudon, late grand mafter; feveral late grand officers; the EarI of Strathmore; the ftewards, and the mafters and wardens qí fifty-four lodges.

Confidered

THOMAS EARL OF STRATHMORE, G. M.

249

Confidered the petición of Brothcr Francis Byam, D. D. maíler of the Court-houfe lodge, in behalf of the brethren of the faid lodge, on the iíland of Antigua; fetting forth, that they had built a lodge-room, íixty feet long, and thirty wide, with a fmaller room adjoining; and praying that the faid new-built lodge, where they intended to meet for the future, on the fecond and fourth Wednefday of every month, might be entered in the book of lodges, by the ñame of the Great Lodge of St. fohns; which was granted with t his addition, that they might be named the Great Lodge at St. fohn’s in Antigua.

The grand maíler propofed the Right Hon. Thomas Lyon, earl of Strathmore, for his fucceffor, which was received with great applaufe ; and his health was drank with ceremony, as grand maíler eleit,.when his lordíhip ordered the grand feaft to be on the 2d of May next.

Two lodges were erazed out of the liíl, for not obeying the fummons of the grand mañer, to attend him in quarterly communication. and jfrCil(t at Haberdaíhers’ hall, on May 2.

A D Ward, the grand maíler, attended by his grand ofíicers; the Earls 1744. of Loudon and Morton, late grand maílers; feveral late grand oílicers; the ílewards, and many other brethren, properly cloathed, waited on the Earl of Strathmore, and wcre entertained at breakfaíl by his lord­ íhip, at the Braund’s-head tavern in Ncw Bond-flrect, in the weíl: from whence they made the proceíFion, in caτriages, preceded by three fets of muñe, properly difpofed, to the hall, in the eafh The ∩ewards received the cavalcade at the hall gate, and conduΛed the grand officers to an inner chamber; where, having fummoned the maílers and wardens of the feveral lodges without to attend, the grand maíler propofed the Right Hon. Thomas Lyon, cari of Strathmore, for grand maíler for the year enfuing; who was unanimouíly eleóted.

Dinner being over, the grand maíler made the firíl proceílion about the hall; and took his Icave of the brethren. Being returned to the chair, after a feafonable and pathetic fpeech, and congratulátion on K k their

THOMAS EARL OF STRATHMORE, G. M. their choice of a grand mafter, his lordíhip caufed the grand fecretary to proclaim the Right Hon. Thomas Lyon, earl of Strathmore, grand mafter of mafons; who, being placed with ceremony in Solomon’s chair, invefted and recognized by the brethren, appointed William Vaughan, Efq. deputy grand mafter, William Grseme, M. D. F. R. S. D Fotherley Baker, E⅛ ξ≡rand wardens 5

And continued the grand fecretary and fword-bearer.

A. D. 1744∙'

A. D. *745-

<5rαnt> ≡o⅜je, at the Devil tavern, Temple-bar, on September 26, was held in ampie form. Prefent, the mafters and wardens of twenty-two lodges; who re-ele‰d Brother Jeffe into the office of grand trcafurer. at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held on February 26, in ampie form. Prefent, the mafters and wardens of twentynine lodges.

The mafter and wardens of the Iodge No. 185, lately held at the Three-tuns, in Houghton-ftreet, Clare-market, furrendered their Conftitution to the grand mafter; the brethren having agreed to join the Iodge No. 102, at the Magpye and Horfe-fhoe in Hollis-ftreet, near Clare-market.

1

<5ratti) 3lθiJftT, at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held on March 25. Prefent, Lord Ward, as grand mafter; William Vaυghan, deputy grand mafter; feveral late grand officers, the Earl of Loudon, Lord Cranftoun, the ñewards, and the mafters and wardens of nineteen lodges. .

Eight lodges, not attending according to the fummons fent by order of the laft quarterly communication, were erazcd out of the book of lodges. *

Lord

JAMES LORD CRANSTOUN, G. M.

⅜

25r

Lord Ward1 in the chair, propofed the Right Hon. the Lord Cran­ ñoun for grand mañer for the enfuing year, greatly to the fatisfaóiion of the brethren, who drank his health as grand mafler eleét.

Lord Cranñoun appointed the grand feaft to be held at Drapers’ hall, on the 18th of April following, and invited the brethren to breakfaft with him on the morning of the fame day, at the Braund’s-head in Bond-ñreet. ^(Γc∏ltlIp and fftílít at Drapers’ hall in Throgmorton-ñreet, Lon- A. D. don, April 18.

1745' Lord Ward, as grand mañer, attended by the deputy grand mafter, the grand wardens; the EarI of Loudon, late grand mañer; other late grand officers; the Earl of Eglington, the ñewards, and many other brethren, breakfañed with Lord Cranñoun, at the Braund’s-head tavern aforefaid, in the weft, and made the proceffion, in carriages, preceded by three fets of mufle, to Drapers’ hall, in the eaft.

The ñewards receivcd the cavalcade at the hall gate, and condu<Tcd the grand officers into an inner chamber; whither alfo the grand mañer pro tempere fiimmoned the mañers and wardens of the regular lodges in waitingto attend him, and propofed to them Lord Cranñoun for their grand mañer, who was eledted with unanimity.

Dinner being ended, Lord Ward made the firft proceffion round the hall; and, in the ñame of the abfent grand mañer, took leave of the brethren. Being returned to the chair, he caufed the grand fecretary to proclaim The Right Hon. James Cranñoun, Lord Cranñoun, grand mañer of mafons; who, being placed in Solomon’s chair, and having receivcd the homage of the brethren, appointed Edward Hody, M. D. F. R. S. deputy grand mañer, Fotherley Baker, Efq. o Thomas Smith, Efq. ' ^rand wardens>

John Revis, gent. grand fecretary, Thomas Slaughter, the fword-bearer: brother George Moody K k 2 ' having

l2>2j

JAMES LORD CRANSTOUN, G. M. having declined the office on account of bad health, and prefented the grand lodge with a jcwei he had ufually worn, for the ufe of the future fword-bearer.

A. D. J7+5∙

<0tΛΠi) ¾OtJ(JC, at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held on November 2 1. Prefent, Lord Cranftoun, grand mafter; all bis grand officers; feveral late grand officers; the ftewards,. and the mafters and wardens of thirty-five lodges.

Brother Jelfe was re-elcclcd grand treafurer.

Twelve lodges were erazed for not having attended the grand maf­ ter at the general meetings of the fociety, ñor regularly met fo as to be fummoned for fome years.

A. D. 1746.

Cranü HoOtJC, at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held April 14, in due form, with the mafter, wardens, and nine aftiftants of the ftewards’ lodge, and the mafters and wardens of thirty-one lodges.

It was agreed to poftpone the grand feaft, and to requeft the grand mafter to continué in his office fome time longer: and, at their delire, the grand mafter promifed to continué in the chair; and defired their company to diñe at brother Vrpont’s, on the 3d of May next.

Four lodges were erazed out of the book for non-attendance, according to the order of the laft quarterly communication.

A. D.

√5ranb 3lθbijt, at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held on April 3.

Prefent, the mafters and wardens,and nine aftiftants of the ftewards’lodge, and the mafters and wardens of forty-one lodges; when the grand maf­ ter informed the brethren, that the grand feaft would be held at Drapers’ hall, on the 30th day of April: and upon motion it was refolved to difeontinue for the future the ufual public proceflion of the fociety on the feaft day.

The occaíion of this prudent regulation was, that fome unfaithfnl brethren, difappointed in their expeδf⅛tions of the high offices and honours

J747∙

W I L L I A M LORD B Y R O N, G. M. üours of the fociety, had joined a number of the bufFoons of the day, in p fcheme to exhibit a mockery of the public proceffion to the grand feaft.

This, as may well be fuppofed, furniíhed mirth to the gaping croud, and difguft to the fraternity; who wifely recolleñing themfelves, determined in future, to confine their operations within the limits of their own affembly.

The grand mafter then propofed the Right Hon. the Lord Byron for his fucceflbr; to the great fatisfaéf ion of the brethren, who drank his iordíhip’s health as grand mafter eleób.

One lodge was erazed for non-attendance, according to the order of the laft quarterly communication.

%(ΓmΛlp and jpcaít at Drapers’ hall, on April 30, prefent, the a. D. Lord Cranftoun, grand mafter; Edward Hody, M. D. F. R. S. depu- 1747∙ ty grand mafter; Fotherley Baker, Efq. and Thomas Smith, Efq. grand wardens; George Payne, Efq. and Lord Ward, late grand mafters; feveral late grand officers; John Jefie, Efq. treafurer; Lord Byron, grand mafter eleéb; his Excellency Monf. Andrie, minifter from the King of Pruffia; his Excellency Monf. Hoffman, minifter from the King of Poland; Barón Reydefel; the twelve ftewards, and many other brethren, properly cloathed.

The ftewards, on the grand mafter’s arrival at the hall, conduétcd him and the grand officers into an inner chamber; whither the mafters and wardens of the feveral lodges prefent were fummoned to attend : to whom his lordfhip propofed the Right Hon. the Lord Byron for his fucceflbr; who was thereon immediately eleébed.

Dinner being ended, the grand mafter made the firft proceflion round the hall, took leave of his brethren; and, being returned to his chair, ordered the grand fecretary to proclaim the Right Hon. William Byxon, lord Byron, grand mafter of mafons;' who being placed in Solo mon's

I

W I L L I A M LORD B Y R O N, G. M; mon’s chair, inveded, and having received the homage of thc brethren* appointed Fotherley Baker, Efq. deputy grand mader, The Hon. Robert Shirley, Efq. 7 Capt. Thomas Jeffrcys, ) ≡rand wardens∙∙ John Revis, gent. grand fecretary, Mr. Daniel Carne, the fword-bearer.

A. D. i747∙

45ΓΛ∏t) ÜOtííJC, at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held December 16, in ampie form; the mader, wardens and nine adidants of the dewards’ lodge, and the maders and wardcns of thirty-five regular lodges attending.

It was ordered, that the lodge called the Third Lodge at Calcutta in the Ead-Indies, at their requeft, be inrolled in the lid of regular lodges, agreeable to the date of their conditution.

The brethren unanimouíly re-chofe Brother Jeffe grand treafurer.

A. D. l'48'

<S5ta∏il 3lθtSgf, at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held March 7, in ampie form; the dewards’ lodge, and the maders and wardcns of

thirty-two lodges attending.

Ordered, that the lodge No. 9, at the King’s-arms tavern in New Bond-dreet, be reflored, and entered in the lili of lodges; it appearing that their non-attendance was occaíioned by midake, <3fΛ∏l) KoütJC, at thc Devil tavern aforefaid, was held on December 22, in ampie form; the dewards’ lodge, and the maílers and wardens of fifty regular lodges attending. . Fivc lodges were erazed for non-attendance, when fummoned by order of the grand mader, to mcct him in quarterly communication, The lodge held at the White-Bear, in Oíd Broad-dreet, having declined, the mañer, by the confent of the other members, furreadered the Conñitution into the hands of the grand mañer.

<0raπiι

W I L L I A M LORD B Y R O N, G. M. <0tΛttD 2lθi)tjf, at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held on May 26, A. D. ín ampie form; the ftewards’ lodge, and the mafters and wardens of 174^∙ thirty-nine lodges attending.

Ordered, that acommittee be appointed to infped⅛ the Iaws relating ,to the general charity ; and to caufe copies of fuch of them to be printed, as they íhould think proper; and that the grand fecretary íhould fend one of thefaid printed copies to each lodge, to be paid for by the treafurer. <3tft∏D íHoíJgf, at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held on June 25, a. D. in ampie form; the mafters and wardens of forty-nine lodges attend- 175o∙ ing; when a very handfome colleélion was made for the general fund of charity.

<3 tiltil) ÜOiJgt, at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held Septem- a. D. Eer 4, in ampie form; attended by the mafters and wardens of fixty 1751∙ lodges.

Upon the petition of fcveral worthy brothers, after a Iong debate, it was ordered, that in rcfpeél to Brother Payne, late grand mafter, the lodge No. 2, lately held at the Horn in Palace-yard, Weftminfter, íhould be reílored, and have its former rank and place in the lii⅜ of lodges. And the fame favour was likewife granted to the brethren of the lodge held at the George in St. Mary-Axe; it appearing that their not meeting regularly, had been occaíioned by unavoidable accidents.

<3til∏l) ≡θi)(Jt, at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held on Odio- A. D. ber 24, in ampie form; the mafters and wardens of thirty-three lodges 1 7521 attendinθ∙ • when the ufual colleélion was made for the general fund of

Charity.

<Uranb S0D5f> at t^e Devil tavern aforefaid, was held on March, 16, Prefcnt, Lord Byron, grand mafter; his grand officcrs; Lord Ward,

JOHN LORD CARYSFORT, G. iM. Ward, late grand mafter; other late grand officers; Lord Carysfort; the tvvelve ftewards; the ftewards’ lodge, and the maftcrs and wardcns of fifty-fix lodges.

The brethren exprefled their pleaíiire at the fight of their grand mafter, who had been abroad for feveral years, and lately returned in health and fafety. The grand mafter alfo exprefled his regard for the craft, and propofed the Right Hon. the Lord Carysfort for his fucceflor, to the grcat fatisfaólion of the whole fociety.

A. D. 1^∙*2'

¾iΓfΠl]Jlυ and jfCflít, at Drapers’ hall in Throgmorton-ftreet, London, March 20. Prefent, Lord Byron, grand mafter, and many grand officers; amongft whom were, the Earl of Loudon and Lord Ward, attended by the twelve ftewards, and a great number of other brethren.

The grand mafter and his officers being afíembled in an inner chamber, ordered the mafters and wardens of all regular lodges to attend him in the grand lodge, and propofed the Lord Carysfort to them for his fucceflor; who was unanimouíly eleéled.

Dinner being over, the grand mafter made the firft proceffion round the hall; and having taken leave of the brethren, returned to his chair, and ordered the grand fccrctary to proclaim the Right Hon. John Proby, barón of Carysfort in the county of Wicklow, in the kingdom of Ireland, grand mafter of mafons. His lordíhip being placed in Solomon’s chair, invefted with the proper jewel of his office, and ha­ ving received the homage of all the brethren in due form; appointed Thomas Manningham, M. D. deputy grand mafter, The Hon. James Carmichael, Efq. J Sir Richard Wrotteíley, bart. j ε>ran^ wardens,

Brother John Revis, grand fecretary> Brother Daniel Carne, fword-bearer, Much harmony, the oíd cement of the fraternity, abounded in the whole affembly; all expreffing the greateft joy at the happy occafion of .their meeting, after a longer recefs than had been ufual. This had been

■ J O H N LORD C A R Y S F 0 R T, G. M.

257

becn occafioned chiefly by the re-eftabliíhmcnt of the public peace, ■ which ever brought bleflings to the anticnt and peaceable fraternity.

However high the hopos of all that wiíhed well to the caufe might be, their moft fanguine wifhes were foort anfwered by the vigilance of their grand mafter; for his lordíhíp had no fooner entered upen the exercife of his office, than his application to the real intercfts of the craft became vifible to all, and their public fund in a very fhort time greatly cncreafed,

<0V<Xttδ Hθ0ijr∖ at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held on June 18. A. D Thomas Manningham, M. D. as grand mafter, attended by many I;^2’ grand- officers; the ftewards’ Lodge, and the mafters and wardens of thirty-two lodges.

Brother JefΓe was re-chofen treafurcr, and gave bond accordingly.

The deputy grand mafter read a letter from the grand mafter, who was abfent on account of badhealth; in which his lordfhip earneftly requefted that the laws and regulations might be punóiually and faithfully exccuted; and recommended to the oflicers, that good decorum, peaceable and prudent behaviour be inculcated by thcm, and ftriólly obferved in their lodges, that the craft might not fufter by the irnprudence of tbofe who ought continually to watch for its wclfarc: alTuring them that lie was ready, whenever called upon, to go in per fon, and fee thefe injun<ftions every where exccuted according to the lettςf.

All which was received by 0ie brethren with univerfal applaufe. Whaadded to the joy on this occafion, was a letter from the provincial grand mafter of the ifland of Minorca; which, amongft other things, informed the grand lodge, that the craft flouriíhed in that ifland in fuft vigour: that the brethren there adhered to their rules fo ftriéUy, that ncither the envious, malicious, ñor inquifitive, could find the Icaft ground to exercife their talents: and that fomc excellent difeourfes of a worthy clergyman there, preached on their feftivals, and the decency

L 1

and

25S ‰__ ; - - >

J O H N LORD C A R YS F O R T3 G. M. and folemnity of their proceffions at thofe times, had forced applaufe even from thofe who had madc it their ftudy to traduce the craft.

A. D. 175⅛∙

A. D.

»753-

<3Γil∏i) Hθδtji,, at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held on November 30, in due form. Prefent, the mafter, wardens, and affiftants of the ftewards’ lodge, and the mafters and wardens of fixty-two lodges.

Three lodges were erazed out of the book for not having attended the quarterly communications, or other meetings of the fociety, or paid any charity for five years paft.

It was then refolved that, in order to render the mafons’ charity as extenfive as poffible, all foreign brethren, of what nation or profcffion foever they might be, fhould, after proper examination, be relieved with a certain fum immediately.

Several fums were ordered for the relief of diftrefied brethren, whofe petitions had been referred from the committce of charity*

<5Γil∏l) ,SθbQX, at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held on March 6. Prefent, the twelve ftewards; the mafter, wardens, and affiftants of the ftewards’ lodge, and the mafters and wardens of forty-nine lodgesThe grand maíler informed the brethren, that the time drew near for them to chufea grand mafter for the enfuing year; and that he propofed the 3d of April for that purpofe: but the whole fraternity, ■ truly fenfible of the great obligations they lay under to his lordíhip for their prefent flouriíhing condition, moít earneítly befought his lordíhip to continué in the chair for another year : to which his lordíhip confented in a moft obliging manner, provided it fhould appear on the feaft-day, to be the unanimous dcfire of the whole body cf mafons.

The grand maíler having then informed the brethren, that in regard the ftewards might have time to make a luitable provifion for fuch of them as intended to diñe with him, he had given diredions, that no tickets fhould be delivered after twelve of the dock on Saturday the 31ft

JO H N LORD C A R Y S F O R T, G. M.

-59

31ft inft.; and concluded with ftrongly recommending the ftritfteft re•gard to thc ñame and dignity of a frec and accepted mafon; and that fuch a decent and regular ufe might be made of their being free, as would always intitle them to be accepted.

2UΓcmblυ and fcaít, at Leatherfellers’ hall in Little St. Helen’s, A. D. Bifhopfgate-ftreet, London, on Aprii 3.

The grand mafter and his officers being aflembled in an inner chamber, ordered the ftewards to fummon the mafters and wardens of all the regular lodges attending without, to appcar before him; and informed them, that they were called in to proceed to the eleólion of a grand mafter for the year enfuing: when the fentiments of all concurring with the requeft of the brethren at the laft quarterly communication, his lordíhip was again intreated to continué grand mafter, at leaft for the next year ; and his lordíhip, giving his confent, was unanimouíly eleéied.

Dinner being over, the grand mafter mide the proceffion about thc hall; and, being returned to Solomon’s chair, appointed Thomas Manningham, M. D. deputy grand mafter ; who had diftinguiíhed his abilities for that oflice, and ¿tea! for mafonrv, by vrfiting the lodges in the remoteft parts of the town, or where-ever his prefence was thought neceíTary; redrefitng what was amifs in the .execution of the laws, and giving them the moft prudent advicc for their future obfervance and lafting advantage: the wholc of his proceedings being condu‰d with fuch candor and affability, as endeared him to all the brethren. James Carmichael, Efq. late júnior grand ivardcn, defiring permiftion to decline that office, on account of his ill hcalth, the grand mafter appointed Sir Richard Wrotteíley, bart.J Francia Blake Delaval, Efq. ]srand wardens∙ John Revis, grand fecretary, Daniel Carne, fword-bearer.

L 1 2

JO HN LORD C A R Y S F O R T, G. M.

2ÓO A. D. j753∙

<3ta∏tJ ‰i)(jt, at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held on June r4, Prefent, the mafter, wardens, and aftiftants of the ftewards’ lodge, and the mafters and wardens of thirty-nine regular lodges.

The deputy grand mafter informed the lodge of the death of Brother John Jefle, late trcafurer of this fociety; and recommended to their confideration the choice of fome proper perfon for that office of truft. Previous to this eleólion, it being propofed for the opinión of the grand lodge, whethcr the treafurer be a grand ofticer by virtue of his office, and as fuch to be eleóled from amongft the brethren who had ferved the ftewardfhip; it was, after a long debate, carried in the affirmative almoft unanimouíly ; and Brother George Clarke, a late fteward, propofed and recommended by the grand mafter, was unanimoufly eleñed, invefted with the ñaff of office, and impowered to receive the caíh, &c. then tendered from the executor of the deceafed treafurer.

<OtΛ∏b ¾01JtJt, at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held on November 23. Prefent, Sir Robert de Cornewall, bart. provincial grand maf­ ter; the mafter, wardens, and aftiftants of the ftetvards’ lodge, and the mafters and wardens of fixty regular lodges.

Several wholefome laws for the better regulation of mafonry were propofed by the deputy grand mafter, relating to the making of maibns, &c. which are inferted in the book of Regulations, under their proper titles.

A. D.

,754∙

<0t∏∏i) HobQr, at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held on March S. Prefent, the Duke of Chandos, late grand mafter; Marquis of Caernarvon; Sir Richard Glynn, knt. and alderman of London; the twelve ftewards; the mafter, wardens, and aftiftants of the ftewards’ lodge, and the mafters and wardens of fifty-five lodges; who contributed generoufly to the general fund of charity.

The

JAMES MARQUIS OF CAERNARVON, G. M

2ÓI

The grand mafter having íignified his great fatisfatftion with thc conduél of the brethren toward himfelf, during his grand maftcrfhip, and recommended to them the continuance thereof to his fucceflor, was pleafed to propofe the Marquis of Caernarvon for grand mafter for the year enfuing; and fignified his pleafure, that the day for the grand • feaft and eleólion íhould be on the 25th of March, and kept at Drapers’ hall.

2liΓentlJlp and at Drapers’ hall in Throgmorton-ftreet, Lon- A. D. don, was kept on the 25th of March. Prefent, Lord Carysfort, grand 17∙5÷ mafter; Thomas Manningham, M. D. deputy grand mafter; Sir Richard Wrotteíley, bart. lenior grand warden; Thomas Apreece, as júnior grand warden; Duke of Chandos and Lord Ward, late grand mafters; Sir Robert Lawley, bart. and Fotherley Baker, Efq. late deputy grand mafters; Brother George Clarke, grand treafurer; Marquis of Caernarvon, grand mafter eleél; the twelve ftcwards, and near three hundred other brethren, properly cloathed.

The grand mafter and his officers aflembled in an inner chamber, having fummoned the mafters and wardens of thc regular lodges attending without, to appear before him in the grand Iodge, propofed the Marquis of Caernarvon for his fucceflor, who was unanimoufly cle<fted.

Dinner being over, the grand mafter made the firft proceflton round the hall, took leave of thc brethren ; and being rcturned to his chair, ccmmanded the grand fecretary to proclaim the moft noble James Brydges, marquis of Caernarvon, fon and heir-apparent to the Duke of Chandos, late grand mafter, grand mafter of mafons; who, being placed in Solomon’s chair with the ufual ceremony, invefted, and recognized with the congratulations of all the brethren, appointed Thomas Manningham, M. D. deputy grand mafter, The Hon. Capt. Charles Proby, Fleming Pinkfl.an, John Revis, g∣ and íecretary, Daniel Carne, lword-bcarcr.

✓

2Ó2

A. D. 1754∙

JAMES MARQUE OF CAERNTARVOiV, G. M. <3r∏∏δ ¾OiJβC, at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held on June 27, in duc form. Prcfcnt, the mafter, vvardens, and afiiftants of thc ftevvards’ lodge, and the mafters and vvardens of forty-eight lodges.

The ufual forms bcing gone through, the brethren proceeded to the ele<ftion of a grand treafurer, and unanimoufly rechofe Brother George Clarke.

Then they took into confideration the fíate of the country lodges; and it was refolved, that each brother íhould, according to his opportunity, make the utmoft enquiry touching the meetings and conduét of the faid lodges, and give proper intimations thereof to the next quarterly communication ; and that fuch of thofe lodges of which no fatisfaéfory account could be then given, íhould be erazed from thc book of lodges.

A memorial prefentedby Brother Jonathan Scott to the laft committee of charity, being referred to this quarterly communication, íhewing the neceflity of a new edition σf-the book of Conñitutions, pro. pofing that the fame might be henceforward printcd by the fubfcriptions of fuch lodges as it fuited, and the profits applied to the ufe of the general charity; and that a committee might be appointed to review the Conftitutions, formerly prepared for the prefs by the Reverend Brother Anderfon, and to make the neceflary alterations and additions; ir was Refolved, that the faid book of Conftitutions íhould be revifed, and neceflary alterations and additions made, confiftent with the laws and rules of mafonry; and that the right woríhipful grand mafter; the other prefent grand officers; George Payne, Efq. the Earl of Loudon, Duke of Chandos, Lord Ward, and Lord Carysfort, late grand mafters; Sir Robert Lawley, bart. Edward Hody, M. D. late deputy grand mafters; Thomas Smith, Efq. late júnior grand warden; together with the Rev. John Entick, M. A. Arthur Beardmore, and Edward Bowman, gent. be the faid committee: and that the grand mafter, or de­ puty grand mafter, with any three others of the faid committee, have power

JAMES MARQUIS OF ÓAERÑARVON, G. M.

263

'—A-

polwer to proceed to bufinefs, and to cal! in to their affiftance any other brethren thcy might from time to time think proper.

√5raTltJ ¾0tjgt, at the Devil tavern aforefaid, waS held on Novem- j⅛. ∏, ber 29, in due form. Prefent, the mafter, wardens, and affiftants of 1754∙ the ftewards’ lodge, and the mafters and wardens of feventy-two lodges.

The grand mafter having informed the brethren, that the Hon. Capt.

Charles Proby, fenior grand warden, being ordered on duty abroad, had refigned bis faid office, he did now appoint Fleming Pinkftan, to be fenior grand warden, Arthur Beardmore, to be júnior grand warden.

Several new regulations concerning the removal of lodges, funeral proceffions, and tilers, which had been recommended by the laft committee of charity, for laws of the grand lodge, were taken into confideration, and unanimoufly agreed to; and ordered to be added tothe new edition of the book of Conñitutions.

The committee appointcd by the laft quarterly communication tó revife the book of Conftitutions, reportad their proceedings, and defired farther time to finifh their work, which was ordered accordingly.

Twenty-one country lodges having neither contributed to the gene­ ral fund of charity, ñor otherwife had any communication with the grand lodge, ñor even met for feveral years, according to the beft information that could be obtained; were erazed out of the book of re­ gular lodges.

at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held on March A. D. 20. Prefent, the mafter, wardens, and affiftants of the ftewards’ 1755∙ lodge, the twelve ftewards, and the mafters and wardens of fixty The deputy grand mafter, to the great fatisfac¾ion of the brethren, informed them of the flourilhing condition of the-foreign lodges who hold

JAMBJ3 MARQUIS OF. CAERNARVON, G, M. bold communication, from all pares of the world, with the grand maf∙ ter of Englandj from whom he had rcccived fcveral letters, The grand !odge then too⅛ éneo confideration a complaint againft certain brethren for forming and aílenabli^g under the denomínation of antient mafons, * who, as fuςh, decm themfclves independerá of this fociety, and not fhbjcδ⅜ to the laws, or to the authority of our grand mafter: when the deputy grand maíler took notice of the grcat neceflity there wae tp diftotnage a|l fuch mectmgs, not only as contrary to our laws, and a grcat infult oh the grand mafter, and the wholc body of Free and Acccpted Mafons 5 but as they likewife tended to introduce the noveltics and conceits of opínionative perfons, and to créate a belief, that there have been other foc∣etiea of mafons more antient than this fociety, And the queftion being put, it was refolvcd, that the meeting of brethren under any denomination of Mafons, other than as brethren of this our antient and honourable fociety of Free and Accepted Mafons, is inconfíftent with the honour and intereft of the craft, and a high infult on our grand mafter, and the whole body of mafons, The deputy grand mañer then moved, and it was agreed, thár the confíderation of the irregular procccd/’ngs pf the faid brethren be pos­ poned till next quarterly communication j that a thorough fenfe of their mifconduft, and a determination not to be guilty of the likc fot the futuro, mighí rcconcile thcm to the grand lodge, The grand mafter having informed the lodge of his Jntention to hold the grand feaft on the ιoth of Apríl next, the brethren unanimoufly requefted and prevailed with his lordíhlp to continué in the ehair for another yc.tr, a. D.

>755-

¾ffcmblμ and April.

at Drnpers’-hall was kept on the toth of

• Se« p. »39. nttt,

Prefentj

JAMES MARQUIS OF CAERNARVON, G. M.

26?

Pfefent, the Margáis of Caernarvon, grand mafter ; Thomas Manningham, M. D. deputy grand mafter ; Fleming Pinkftan, and Arthur Beardmore, grand wardens ; the Earl of Loudon; LordWard, and Lord Carysfort, late grand mafters; feveral former grand officets, the twelve ftewards, and near three hundred more brethren, properly clodthed.

The grand mafter and his officers being condu<fted into an inner chamber by the ftewards, the mufle playing, aflembled themfclves in due form,-and fummoned the mafters and wardens of the regular lodges to attend; when his lordfhip, at fheir repfeated cnireaty, vvas pleafed to continué in the chair for the year enfuing.

Dinner being over, the grand mafter made the proceflton round the hall, with mufle playing, and in the midft of the joyful acclamations of the brethren, being returned to Solomon’s chair, appointed Thomas Manningham, M. D. deputy grand mafter, The Hon. Horatio Townfhend, Efq. o James Dickfon, Efq. $ ≡rand J.ohn Revis, grand fecrctary, Daniel Carne, fword-bearcr.

OtA∏∂ at the Devil tavern aforefaid, was held on July 24. a. D. Prefent, the mafter, wardens, and aíliftants of the ftewards’ lodge, and 1755∙ the mafters and wardens of fifty-two regular lodges.

Brothcr George Clarke was re-chofen grand treafurer; and thanked for his great care.

The grand mafter then delivered to him a large filver jcwel gilt, being crofs keys in a knot enamelled with blue, as his prefent to the fociety, to be worn by the grand treafurer on all public occaflons.

Ordered, That every certifícate granted to a brother of his being a mafon, íhall, for the future, be fealed with the feal of mafonry, and M m figned

2 06

JAMES MARQUE OF CAERNARVON, G. M. íigned by the grand fecretary; for which five íliillings íhall be paid to the ufe of the general fund of charity.

Ordered, that the brethren complained of at the Iaft quarterly communication, períifting in their difobedience to the determination of the grand lodge, their lodge, No. 94, held at the Ben Johnfon’s Head in Pelham-ftreet, Spitalfields, be erazed from the book of lodges; and that fuch of the brethren thereof who íhall continué thofe irregular meetings, be not admitted as vifitors in any lodge.

A. D.

*755-

A. D. J/56.

<5til∏i) HotlíJC, at the Devil tavern, Temple-bar, on December 4.

Prefent, Dr. Manningham, as grand mafter; John Harvey Thuríby, Efq. as deputy grand mafter; Arthur Beardmore, as fenior grand warden; James Dickfon, Efq. júnior grand warden; the mafter, wardens, and nine afíiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the maílers and war∙ dens of feventy-one lodges.

The ufual forms being gone through, a colleélion was made for the general fund of charity. <3riUli) eMθbftt', in ampie form, at the Devil tavern, Temple-bar, April 8. Prefent, the Marquis of Cacrnarvon, grand mafter; Dr. Man­ ningham, deputy grand mafter; Arthur Beardmore, as fenior grand war­ den; James Dickfon, júnior grand warden; Lord Carysfort, late grand mafter; George Clarke, treafurer; the twelve ftewards; the mafter, wardens, and nine aftiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of íixty-fix lodges.

The treafurer delivered his accounts, which were audited.

The grand mafter appointed Brother Mark Adfton, fword-bearer, in the place of Brother Daniel Carne, deccafed; who was invefted with the proper jewel; and the brethren requefted, and prevailed on his lordíhip to continué in the chair another year.

JAMES MARQUIS OF CAERNARVON, G. M.

267

2lΠttUblp and J*filíl at Lcatherfellers’ hall, Little St. Helens,May 10. A. D. Preíent, the Marquis of Caernarvon, grand mañer; Thomas Man- , ningham, M. D. deputy grand mañer; Arthur Beardmore, James Dickfon, grand wardens; the Duke of Chandos, and Lord Ward, late grand mafters; feveral other grand officers; with the ñewards, and a great many brethren properly cloathed.

The grand mañer and his officers being arrived at the hall, were condutñed by the ñewards (mufle playing before them) into a convcnient room, where the mañer and wardensof theregular lodges were fummoncdtoattend; when his lordffiip, attheir requeñ, was pleafed to continué grand mañer another year.

Dinner being over, the grand mañer made the proceffion round the hall, and being returned to the chair, his lordffiip was pleafed to ap. point and inveft the following brethren grand officers: Thomas Manningham, M. D. deputy grand mañer, James Naffi, Efq. j Bernhard Joachim Boetefeur, J ^ιaπ "ai ens, John Re vis, grand fecretary, Mark Adñon, fword-bearer,

<Stani) Loijge, at the Devil tavern, Temple-bar, Auguñ 13. Prefent, Thomas Manningham, M. D. deputy grand mañer, as grand mañer; James Naffi, Efq. fenior grand warden, as deputy grand mañer; Arthur Beardmore, as fenior grand warden; Bernhard Joa­ chim Boetefeur, júnior grand warden ; George Clark, treafurer, the mañer, wardens, and nine affiñants, of the ñewards’ lodge; the mañers and wardens of forty-four lodges.

The treafurer delivered his accounts, which were audited; and this being the eletñion night for a treafurer, Brother Clarke was again unanimoufly eleóted.

Ordered, that a copper-plate be engraved, for printing the certifícate to be granted to a brother of his being a mafon; and that a dye be cut, and an engine made> wherewith to feal the fame; in confequence

Mm 2

of

268

JAMES MARQUE OF CAERNARVON, G. M. of the order of the quarterly communication the 24th of July, 175^, fo that the whole cxpence thereof do not exceed twelve guineas; and that the treafurer do pay the íame.

A. D. *757-

<8>VΛlTt) HobgC, at the Devil tavern, January 14, in ampie form.

Prefent, the Marquis of Caernarvon, grand mafter ; Thomas Manningham, M. D. deputy grand mafter; Arthur Beardmore, as fenior grand warden; Bernhard Joachim Boetefeur, júnior grand warden; George Clark, treafurer; the mafter, wardens, and nine aftiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; and the mafters and wardens of fifty-two lodgcs.

Information was given that the fourteen following perfons (among others) who are not mafons, meet the firft and third Tuefdays in every month, at the Marlborough-head, in Pelham-ftreet, Spitalfields, and hold what they cali a lodge ; viz. Jacob Pierce, brewer; William Dupree, weaver; James Dupree, wcaver; Peter Landy, dyer; William Caftor, weaver; John Gilí, ditto; Thomas Warrington, cooper; Thomas Malawfon, dyer; Thomas Swain, weaver; Michael Bandy, ditto; Michael Reids, dyer; Daniel Marchant, wcaver; Rowland Taylor, cooper ; and Matthew Nicolc, weaver.

Ordered, that a lift of their ñames be printed,' and fent to every Jodge that they may be on their guard, left any of thofe impofíors íhould guin admittance amongft them.

(S>Γ4Π∂ Lθi∣ffC, at the Devil tavern, Temple-bar, May 5. Prefentj Thomas Manningham, M. D. deputy grand mafter, as grand mafter; James Naíh, Efq. fenior grand warden, as deputy grand mafter; Fleming Pinkftan, as fenior grand warden ; Bernhard Joachim Boetefeur, júnior grand warden ; feveral former grand officers; George Clark, trea­ furer ; the twelve ftewards; the mafter, wardens, and nine aftiftants of the ftewards’ lodge, with the mafters and wardens of fifty-fix lodges.

Three lodges, not having attended to the fummons of the laft quarterly communication, were crazed out of the lift.

The treafurer’delivered his accounts, which were audited., The

SHOLTO LORD ABERDOUR, G. M.

269

The deputy grand mader propofed the Right Hon. Lord Aberdour for grand mador for the year enfuing, who was unanimoudy approved of, and his health was drank, as grand mader eleél: whereupon his lordfhip was pleafed to exprefs his acceptancc of the dignity intended him, and affured the brethren of his endeavours to proinote the intereft of the craft.

A letter to the grand mader elc<d, dated the 22d of April, froni Brother N. Do Court, late commander of the French merchant íhip St. James, captured the 29th of Oélober hit by his majedy’s fhip the Windfor, and now a prifoner of war, on his parolς, at Launcedon in Cornwall; wifhing his lordfhip could procure his liberty to return to Bourdeaux, and promifing all good oflices to brethren prifoners in France, and praying relief; was, read, and fpoke to: when it being obferved, that as no cartel was as yet fettled with the French king, it might not be poídble to relieve otir brother otherwife than by money.

Ordered, that the treafurer do pay twenty guineas to the order of Brother William Pye, Efq. provincial grand maderfor Cornwall, tobe applied for the relief of Brother De Court, in cafe, on enquiry, he fhall find him worthy of aíddance.

2l(ΓcmbIn and jrCAÍt at Leatherfcllers’ hall, Little St. Helen’s, A. D. May 18.

1757 Prefent, the Marquis of Caernarvon, grand mader ; Tilomas Manningham, M. D. deputy grand mader ; James Nafh, Efq. fcnior grand vvarden ; Bernhard Joachim Boetefeur, júnior grand warden ; the Earl of Morton, the Duke of Chandos, and Lord Ward, late grand maders ; Lord Aberdour, grand mader eleéf; William Vaughan, Efq. late dC’ puty grand mader; together with the dewards, and many other brethren.

The grand mader and his officers, being arrived at the hall, werc condtκded by the dewards (mufic playing bcfore them) into a convenient room, where the maders and wardens of the regular lodges were

270

SHOLTO LORDABERDOUR, G. M, were fummoned to attend, when his lordíhip propofcd Lord Aberdour, as grand mafter for the enfuing year, who was unanimouíly eleñed.

Dinner being over, the grand mafter walked round the hall in proceílion (mufick playing)and took leave of the brethren ; when returned to the chair, he caufed the fecretary to proclaim the Right Hon. Sholto Douglas, Lord Aberdour, grand mafter for the year enfuing. He was thereupon feated in the chair, and invefted with the enfigns of his office ; after which he appointed the'following brethren grand officers: John Revis, deputy grand mafter, William Chaρman, J Albert Vandevelde, ∫ Krand wardens≈

Samuel Spencer, grand fecretary, Mark Adfton, fword-bearer.

A. D. ,757∙

<5ta∏i) Hθδst, at the Devil tavern, Temple-bar, 31 ft of Ocftober.

Prefent, John Revis, deputy grand mafter, as grand mafter; Thomas Manningham, M. D. as deputy grand mafter; Fleming Pinkftan, as fenior grand warden; Albert Vandevelde, júnior grand warden. the late grand wardens, the mafter and wardens, with nine afliftants of the ftewards’ lodge ; with the mafters and wardens of fifty-nine re­ gular lodges.

The treafurer delivered his accounts; which were audited ; and he was re-chofen grand treafurer for the year enfuing.

Three lodges lately held at the Ring’s-arms, St. Margaret’s-hill, the Rifing-Sun, in Faíhion-ftreet, Spitalfields, and the Queen’s-head, in Great Queen-ftreet, which were erazed from the lift of lodges, by order of the quarterly communication, held the 5th of May, 1757, having paid two guineas each, were at thcir delire, reftored and entered again in the faid lift.

SHOLTO

LORD ABERDOUR, G. M.

OΓΛlltl 3LθO(JC5 at the Devi! tavern, Temple-bar, in ampie form, A-11 • the 14th of February. Prefent, Lord Aberdour, grand mafter; ly5'* John Revis, deputy grand mafter; Thomas Manningham, M. D. late deputy grand mafter; Fleming Pinkftan, as fenior grand warden; James Dickfon, as júnior grapd warden; the late grand wardens; George Clarke, treafurer; the mafter, wardens, and nine affiftants of the ftewards’ lodge ; and the mafter and wardens of fixty-onc regular lodgcs.

The deputy grand mafter delivered into the hands of the grand mafter, the jewel ofourlate Brother Vandevelde, deceafed, whereupon the grand mafter called up to the chair the Rev. John Entick, and invefted him with the faid jewel, as júnior grand warden.

The deputy grand mafter informed the brethren, that by an order of a former quarterly communication, Brother Scott liad printed five hundred books of Conftitutions of mafonry on fmall, and two hundred and fifty on large paper, and produced bilis and rcceipts for paper and printing, amounting to the fum of 100/. 3r. tod. of which fum 84/. ion 6d. was received by the fale of books, and 15/. 135. 4d. was or­ dered to be paid by the treafurer, to make good the deficiency. It alfo appeared that there remained, .unfold, one hundred and fifty-four copies on the large, and three hundred and fixty-eight on the fmall paper, the money arifing from the fale of which, was ordered to be paid into the public fund of charity.

Ordered, that thanks be given to the grand officers, and the reft of the committee, for their care in revifing the book of Cohftitutions.

<0Γ∏∏tJ 3lθtlβC, at the Devil tavern, Temple-bar, the 14th of AprilJ in ampie form. Prefent, the Right Honourable Lord Aberdour, grand mafter; John Revis, deputy grand mafter; William Chapman, and the Rev. John Entick, grand wardens; feveral former grand ofiicers; the mafter, wardens, and nine aftiftants of the ftewards’ lódge ; with the mafters and wardens of forty-nine regular lodges.

This

*r-j

SHOLTO LORD ABERDOUR, G. M. This being elecftion-night for a grand mafter for the enfuing year, the deputy grand mafter acquainted the brethren, that feveral grand officers had waited upon the grand mafter, to delire he would conti­ nué another year grand mafter ; his lordíhip declared, that upon being re-chofen, he was very ready to acccpt of it.

Refolved, that as India bonds are now at 103, and the 3 per cent, confolidated bank annuities are 95 only, the treafurer be direcfted to fell the thrce Eaft-India bonds in his hands, and with the money arifing by the fale thereof, and fuch further fum as íhall be necefiary, to purchafe 400/. confolidated annuities.

A. D. 1λ5θ∙

⅝ffi∏i!)lp and JrCdtt at Barber-Surgcons ’ hall, June 1. Prefent, the Right Hon. Lord Aberdour, grand mafter; John Revis, deputy grand mafter; William Chapman, and the Rev. John Entick, grand wardens; the Earl of Morton, the Dcke of Chandos, Lord Ward, and the Marquis of Caernarvon, late grand mafters; other grand offiqers, the twelve ftewards, togetherwith many other brethren.

The grand mafter and his ofltcers being arrived at the hall, werc conduóted into a convenient room, where the mafters and wardens of the regular lodges were fummoncd to attend; when his lordíhip, at their requeft, was pleafed to continué another year.

Dinner being over, the grand mafter made the proceffion round the hall, muíic playing, in the midft of the joyful acclamations of the brethren. Being returned to Solomon’s chair, the grand officers furrcndered the jewels of their refpeélive offices, when his lordíhip was pleafed to appoint and inveft the following brethren grand officers: John Re vis, deputy grand mafter, James Dickfon, j- grand wardens, Thomas Singleton, Samuel Spencer, grand fecretary, Mark Adfton, fword-bearer.

0ranfc

SHOLTO LORD ABERDOUR, G.M;

273

Φra∏i) ILθi)gt, atthe Devil tavern, Temple-bar, the 14thofSep- A. D. tember.

Prefent, John Revis, deputy grand mafter, as grand mafter ; ’758,

Thomas Manningham, M. D. as deputy grand mafter; James Dickfon, fenior grand wardcn ; Thomas Singleton, júnior grand warden; the late grand wardens; and George Clarke, treafurer ; the mafter» wardens, and nine afítftants of the ftewards’ lodge ; with the mafters and wardens of thirty-íix lodges.

The treafurer delivercd bis accounts, which were audited, and he was re-cho/en grand treafurer for the year enfuing.

<St,a∏i) LθtliJΓ, at the Devil tavern, in due form, on the 5th of ⅛t p, February. Prefent, John Revis, deputy grand mafter, as grand mafter; 1759∙ Thomas Manningham, M. D. as deputy grand mafter ; JamesDickfom fenior grand warden ; Arthur Beardmore, as júnior grand wardcn ; and George Clarke, grand treafurer; the mafter, wardens, and nine aftiftants of the ftewards’ lodge •, with the mafters and wardens of fixty-ftx lodges.

The lodge No. 32. at the George in St. Mary-Axe, having reprefented, that they had not a fufticient number of members to hold a lodge; ordered, that for the future they be omitted in the lift oflodges. <5VΛllt) ScÍJíJC, at the Devil tavern, Temple-bar, was held on the 24th of May, in due form. Prefent, John Revis, Efq. deputy grand mafter, as grand mafter; Thomas Manningham, M. D. as deputy grand mafter; James Dickfon, fenior grand warden; Arthur Beardmore, as júnior grand warden; the late grand officers; and George Clarke, grand treafurer; the mafter, wardens, and nine aftiftants of the ftewards* lodge ; with the mafters and wardens of forty-two lodges.

The treafurer delivered his-accounts, which ∙were read and approvecf.

<5tΛ∏i) IbOÍJgr, at the Crown and Anchor tavern, in the Strand, j¾. d, was heldon the 24th January.

Prefent, John Revis, Efq. deputy grand J"6o∙ N n mafter,

274

SHOLTO LORD

ABERDOUR, G. M.

mafter, as grand mafter; Thomas Manningham, M. D. as deputy grand mafter; James Dickfon, fenior grand warden; Thomas Singleton, júnior grand warden; the late grand wardens; and George Clarke, treafurer; the mafter, wardens, and nine aftiftants of the ñewards’ Udge ; with the mafter and wardens of fixty-two lodges.

The treafurer delivered bis accounts, which were read and approved of, the balance in his hands being 85/. 7r. 6d. exclufive óf 400/. three per cent, bank annuitics confolidated, bcfi.de the fum of 1287. 8r. 6d. receivcd this night, and fiftecn golden mohurs, fent from Calcutta, in the Eaft-Indies.

Reíblved, that the fum of fifty pounds be fent to Germany, to be diftributed among the foldiers who are mafons in Prince Ferdinand’s army, whether Engliíh, Hanoverians, or Hefíians.

The deputy grand mafter acquainted the brethren, that Major Ge­ neral Kingíley, now in Princc Ferdinand’s army, was a mafon ; and that if it was agreeable he would write to him, and delire he would diftribute the aforefaid fum amongft the mafons; which paffed unanimouíly.

Ordercd, that the treafurer do pay fifty pounds ínto the hand of the deputy grand mafter, to remit to General Kingíley for the aforefaid purpofes.

A. D. 176p.

<Oranil Lθt>fJΓ, at the Devil tavern, Temple-bar, r4th of May, ¡n due forrn

Prefent, John Revis, Efq. deputy grand mafter, as grand

mafter ; Thomas Manningham, M. 1). as deputy grand mafter ; James Dickfon, fenior grand warden ; Arthur Beardmorc, as júnior grand warden ; and George Clarke, treafurer ; the twelve ñewards, the mafter, wardens, and nine aftiftants of the ñewards’ lodge ; with the mafters and wardens of fixty lodges.

The treafurer delivered his accounts, which were audited.

The deputy grand mafter produced a letter from Major General Kingíley, with a lift of the mafons in Prince Ferdinand’s army; alfo a receipt

SHOLTO LORD ABERDOUR, G. M.

275 V√'V'Xj

a receipt for the fifty pounds fent to Germany by order of the laft quarterly communication.

The deputy grand mafter acquainted the brethren, that Lord Aber→ dour being in Scotland, attending the duties of his country, he had appointed the ad of June next for the grand feaft.

Ordered, that the treafurcr do purchafe ιoo∕. bank annuitics confo-∙ lidated.

2t(ΓCttll)Ip and tftn!t, at Haberdafhers , hall, on the 5th of June. A. D. Prefent, John Revis, Efq. deputy grand mafler, as grand mafter; Thomas Manningham, M. D. as deputy grand mafter ; James Dick_ fon, and Thomas Singleton, grand wardens; other grand officers, the twelve ftewards, and two hundred brethren.

The grand officers being arrived at the hall, were condufted into a convenient room, where the mafters and wardens of the feveral k>dges were ordered to attend.

Lord Aberdour, our prefent grand mafter, attending the duty of the king in North Britain, was unanimoufly re-eleéfed grand mafter for the eníuing year.

Dinner being over, the grand officers walked round the hall in proccfíion, mufle playing before them ; when returning to the chair, the feveral enfigns of the late grand officers were furrendered to Thomas Manningham, M. D. late deputy grand mafter, who took the chair, and in the ñame of Lord Aberdour appointed, John Revis, Efq. deputy grand mafter, Cafper Schombart,J Charles Maffey, J≡rand wardens≈

Samuel Spencer, grand fecretary, Mark Adfton, fword-bearer. <Φtfltttj ‰tJiJΓ, at the Crown and Anchor, in the Strand, the 1 yth of Novcmber. Prefent, John Revis, Efq. deputy grand mafter, as grand mafter; Thomas Manningham, M. D, as deputy grand mafter ; N n 2 Arthur

2jf>

SHOLTO LORD A B E R D O U R, G. M, Arthur Beard more, as fenior grand warden ; Charles Maffey, júnior grand warden ; the late grand wardens; William Mackett, provincia! grand mafter of Calcutta, in the Eaft-Indies, ----------- Franklyn, Efq. provincial grand mafter of Philadelphia ; ----------- Franklyn, Efq. pro­ vincial grand fecretary of Philadelphia; and George Clarkc, grand treafurer; the mafter, wardens and nine aftíiftants of the ftewards, lodges; with the mafters and wardens of forty lodges.

The treafurer delivered his accounts, and was re-chofen for the year enfuing.

Seven lodges werc erazed out of the lift for non-appearance.

j 761.

A. D. ,702∙

43ta∏d HúlJiJt, at the Crownand Anchor tavern in the Strand, the 5th of June, in due form. Prefent, John Revis, Efq. deputy grand maf­ ter, as grand mafter; Thomas Manningham, M. D. as deputy grand mafter; Cafper Schombart, fenior grand warden ; Arthur Bcardmorc, as júnior grand warden ; George Clarke, treafurer ; the mafter, war­ dens, and nine aftiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the maflers and wardens of fixty-fix lodges.

Refolved, that the grand officers have a power to diípofe of the Conftitution books rcmaining in Brother Scott’s hands, and that they be foid to the beft advantage before the next quarterly communication.

A brother prefent acquainted the grand lodge, that feveral perfons meet at the Glaziers’-arms in Water-lane, Fleet-ftreet, and make mafons for fmall and unworthy coníiderations, in a elandeftine manner.

Ordered, that as foon as the ñames of the perfons fo mecting can be obtained, they be printed, and fent to all the regular lodges in London; that whoever appear to be the aéling mafter and wardens, be expelled all lodges, and the others not admitted into any regular lodge. <5ΓΛlW HotlftC, at the Devil tavern, Temple-bar, March 29, in ampie form. Prefent, the Right Hon. Lord Cary<sfort, late grand maf­ ter, as grand mafter; John Revis, Efq. deputy grand mafter-, Cafper Schom-

WASHINGTON EARL FERRERS, G. M. Schombart, fenior grand warden; Charles MaíTey, júnior grand war­ den; the late grand wardens; George Bacon, Efq. provincial grand mafter for the county of Norfolk ; and George Clarke, treafurer; the twelve ftewards; the mafter, wardens, and nine afliftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of fixty lodges.

It was agreed tbat Brothcr Scott fhould have all the Conftitution books that are unfold, both large and fmáll paper, at 2s. 6d. each.

It was reported, that agreeable to the order of the laft quarterly communication, the ñames of thofe períons who meet at the Glaziers’-arms in Water-lane, Fleet-ftreet, had been fent to all the lodges.

This being eleélion night for a grand mafter for the enfuing year, the Right Honourable Lord Carysfort propofed the Right Ho­ nourable Earl Ferrers, vifcount Tamworth, mafter of the Horn lodge in Weftminfter, to be grand mafter for the enfuing year, which was rcceived with the higheft fatisfaéfion. The deputy grand mafter acquainted the brethren, that his lórdíhip was willing to accept of the honour of being grand mafter, and would do every thing in his power to make mafonry flourifh.

Several lodges not having attended for a confidcrablé time at any quarterly communication, it was ordered, that letters be fent to them defiring them to fhew caufe at the next quarterly communication for their former non-attcndance; otherwife they fhould be erazed out of the lift of lodges.

The lodges in the Eaft-Indies having no provincial grand mafter, fent a petition to the grand mafter praying his worfhip would grant them one, and recommending Culling Smith, Efq. of Calcutta, to bé provincial grand mafter for India: they alfo fent fifty guineas to.be paid into the public fnnd of charity.

Ordered, that a deputation be made out in the neateft manner, appointing Culling Smith, Efq. to be provincial grand mafter for India, and the expence to be defrayed out of the fund of the grand lodge.

■ • .U∙i½fc∙∙tn √Lj∙ ∙.5U...3∏Γcmb!u

*77

zη⅛ A. D. 1762.

WASHINGTON EARL FERRERS, G. M. 2tflt∏lblυ and taft at Vintners’ hall, Thamcs-ftreet, the 3d of May. Prefent, the Right Honou^rable Lord Ward, as grand mafter; John Revis, Efq. deputy grand mafter; Cafper Schombart, and Arthur Beardmore, grand wardens; Wafhington Shirley cari Ferrers, grand mafter clect; feveral other grand officers; the twelve ñewards, and near three hundred brethren properly cloathed.

The grand mafter and his officers, being arrived at the hall,, were condu<fted (muñe playing before them) by the ftewards into a convcnient room, where the mafters and wardens of the lodges were ordered to attend; when Lord Ward, in the ñame of Lord Aberdour, propofed the Right Honourable Wafhington Shirley earl Ferrers, vifcount Tamworth, grand mafter of mafons for the enfuing year ; and he was thereupon unanimoufly eleéled.

Dinner being over, the grand mafter walked round the hall in proceffion, and took leave of the brethren; and returned to the chair, invefted the grand mafter with the badge of his office, and caufed the íecretary to proclaim the Right Honourable Wafhington Shirley, earl Ferrers, vifcount Tamworth, grand mafter; who appointcd, John Revis, deputy grand mafter, Col. John Salter, 1 Samuel Spencer, grand fecretary, Mark Adfton, fword-bearer.

<25fΛ∏tl ILθil(JC, at the Crown and Anchor, in the Strand, 27tħ of July, in due form. Prefent, John Revis, as grand mafter; Colonel Sal­ ter, as deputy grand mafter; Robert Groat, M. D. as fenior grand tvarden ; Arthur Beardmore, as júnior grand warden ; and George Clarke, treafurer; the mafter, wardens, and nine afíiftants of the ftewards’ lodge, with the mafters and wardens of forty-four lodges.

This being eledion-night for a treafurer, Brother George Clarke was unanimoufly re-ele<fted.

Two

wA S H JNG T ON E A R L F E R R E RS, G. M. Two lodges were crazed for non-attendance at the quarterly communication.

Crantí ‰b∏C, at the Devil tavern, Temple-bar, 14th of Feb. in due A D. form. Prefent, Col. John Salter, fenior grand warden, as grandmaíler; 1763∙ Robcrt Groat, M. D. júnior grand warden, as deputy grand maíler; Thomas Singleton, as fenior grand warden; Rowland Berkeley, maíler •of the ilewards’ lodge, as júnior grand warden ; the late grand wardens; George Clarke, treafurer; the maíler, wardens, and nine aíliílants of the fíeward’s lodge ; with the maílers and wardens of fixty-two lodges.

Brother John Bowman, who at a quarterly communication, February 1742, rcceived fifteen guineas, being now deceaíéd, left 20/. to the public fund of Charity, which was this night paid by Iris exccutors.

<3γΛ∏Ij Kθι)fJΓ, at the Crown and Anchor, in the Strand, 29th of April. Prefent, Earl Feτrers, grand maíler ; John Revis, Efq. deputy grand maíler ; Col. John Salter, fenior grand warden ; Robcrt Groat, M. D. júnior grand warden ; the late grand wardens; George Clarke, treafurer; the twelve ilewards, the maíler, wardens, and nine aíliílants of the ilewards* lodge, with the maílers and wardens of forty lodges.

The ufual coUeélion was made for the fund of charity.

,2l(fCΠibtp and

at Vintncrs’ hall, Thames-ílreet, the 3d of May. Prefent, Earl Ferrers, grand maíler; John Revis, deputy grand maílcr; Col. John Salter, and Robcrt Groat, M. D. grand wardens; feveral former grand oillccrs; the twelve ilewards, and near three hundred brethren.

The grand maíler and his officers on their arrival at the hall, wcrc •condudled by the ilewards into a convenient room, (with mulle pJaying) where the maílers and wardens of the lodge were ordered to attend ; when Earl Ferrers was unanimoufly re-elecled grand maíler for the enfuing year.

Dinner

28o

•

WASHINGTON EARL FERRERS, O. M. Dinner being over, the grand mafter walked round the hall in proceflion, and being returncd to the chair, his lordíhip waspleafed to appoint and inveft, Colonel John Salter, deputy grand maíler, Robert Groat, M-D."] rvι r> j 1 grand wardens, Thomas Edmonds, ∫ t, , Samuel Spencer, grand fecretary, Mark Adfton, fword-bearcr.

A. D. *763.

Otíltlil UottíJC, at the Crown and Anchor in the Strand, Oclober t}ιe 24th. Prefent, Col. John Salter, deputy grand mafter, as grand mafter; John Revis, as deputy grand mafter; Robert Groat, M. D. fenior grand warden; John Smith, provincial grand mafter for Lancaíhire, as júnior grand warden ; George Clarke, treafurer ; Samuel Spencer» fccretary ; Thomas Dyne of the ftewards’ lodge, as fword-bearer; the mafter, wardens, and hiñe afíiftants of the ftewards’ lodge ; with the mafters and wardens of fifty-five lodges.

The ufual forms being gone through, a large colled⅛ion was made for the fund of charity.

The treafurer delivered his accounts, and was unanimoufly re-eleélcd.

Several lodges not having attended for a confiderable time at any quarterly communication; it was ordered, that letters be fent to themj defiring them to íhew caufe at the next quarterly communication, for their former non-attendance, otherwife they íhould be erazed out of the Iift.

A. D. 1764.

<OΓΛ∏i> Lθi)gC, at the Crown and Anchor in the Strand, the 23d of January. Prefent, Col. John Salter, deputy grand mafter, as grand maf­ ter, Robert Groat, M. D. fenior grand warden, as deputy grand mafter ; James Dickfon, as fenior grand warden ; Bernhard Joachim Boetefeur, as júnior grand warden the late grand officers;. and George Clarke, treafurer ; the mafters, wardens, and nine affiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of fifty-íix lodges...

Four

CADWALLADER LORD BLAYNEY, G. M.

28r

Four lodges wcrc erazed out of the liíl for non-attendance. * <5VΛ∏iJ at the Crown and Anchor in the Strand, April 23.

Prefent, Col. John Salter, deputy grand maíler, as grand maíler; Robert Groat, M. D. fenior grand warden, as deputy grand maíler; James Dickfon and Thomas Singleton, as grand wardens; feveral former grand officers; George Clarke, treafurer; the twelve ílewards; the maíler, wardens, and nine afflílants of the ílewards5 lodge; with the maflers and wardens of forty-eight lodges.

The grand maíler in the chair propofed the Right Honourable Lord Blaynej^ to be grand maíler for the enfuing year, which met with univerfal applaufe, and he was declared duly eleéled grand maíler.

The pctitions of feveral brethren, late members of the King’s-arms in New Bond-ílreet, praying to be re-inílated, were rcad. The quaríerly communication ordered, upon their paying two guineas^ they íhould ítand in the fame r.ank in the liíl of lodges as before. Twenty guineas being received from the mother lodge at Jamaica, it was or­ dered, that the fecretary write a letter, íignifying the approbation of the grand maíler and grand lodge, and acknowledging the receipt of ¿he above fum. ≡nΛlpand tfcatt, at Vintners’ hall, Thames-ílrect, May 8.

Prefent, Earl Ferrers, grand maíler; Col. John Salter, deputy grand maíler; Robert Groat, M. D. and Charles MaíTcy, grand wardens; -Samuel Spencer, grand fecretary, Mark Adílon, fword-bearer; Rowland Berkeley, as grand treafurer, in the abfcnce of Brother Clarke ; feveral former grand officers, the twelve ílewards, and near three hundred brethren, properly cloathed.

The grand maíler and his officers, being arrived at the'hall, were conduóled by the ílewards into a convenient room, mufle playing be­ fore them ; where the maílers and wardens of the feveral lodges xvere O o ordered

A. D. 1 '+-

CADWALLADER LORD BLAYNEY, G: M;

282

ordered to attend the grand mafter, when they unanimoufly ele<fted Cadwallader Lord Blayney, grand mafter for the enfuing year.

Dinner being over, the grand mafter made the proceftion round the hall, with muñe playing, and being returned to the chair, the Right Hon. Earl Ferrers took an afíeólionate leave of the brethren, and’ invefted John Revis, Efq. late deputy grand mafter, proxy for Lord Blayneyk Col. John Salter, deputy grand- mafter, The Hon. Thomas Shirley, Efq. 7 , . ... r-r ? grand wardens», Thomas Alleync, Efq. $& Samuel Spencer, grand fccretary, Mark Adfton, fword-bearer..

A. D. 1764.

<0tantι 31oij∏e, at the Crown and Anchor in the Strand, Oóiober Tl 1. Prefent, Col. John Salter, deputy grand mafter, as grand mafter John Revis, Efq. as deputy grand mafter; the Hon..Thomas Shirley, Efq. fenior grand warden ; Thomas Alleyne, Efq. júnior grand warden; and.George Clarke,. treafurer ; the mafter, wardens, and nine aftiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of ftxty-four re? guiar lodges.

The treafurer delivered his accounts, and was unanimouíly re-ele<fted'

treafurer..

A. D. ≡765-

(gj fililí) ÍÍOÍIflT’ at the Crown and Anchor in tlic Strand, January 30..

Prefent, Col. John Salter, deputy grand mafter, as grand mafter ; John Revis, Efq. deputy grand mafter; Thomas Alleyne, Efq. júnior grand warden, as fenior grand warden; Charles Maffey, Efq. as júnior grand warden ; and George Clarke, treafurer; the mafter, wardens, and nine aftiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of fiftylodges.

A committee was áppointed, coníifting of grand officers and mafters of lodges, to the number of twenty-one, to receive defigns of candlefticks-

CADWALLADER LORD BLAYNEY; G. M.

2*1

<__ r-J

fticks and chairs for the ufe of the grand lodge, and report their opi­ nión at the next quarterly communication.

Ora∏U ¾iss3gC, in due form, at the Crown and Anchor in the a. D. Strand, April 23.

Prefent, Col. John Salter, deputy grand mafter, as 1'r'5∙

grand mafter ; Sir Robert Lawley, Bart. as deputy grand mafter; John Revis, Efq. late deputy grand mafter; Thomas Alleyne, Efq. júnior grand warden, as fenior grand warden; Henry Jaffray, mador of the ftewards’ lodge, as júnior grand warden; and George Clarke, trcafurer; the mafter, wardens, and nine aíllftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of fixty-five regular lodges.

The committee, appointed at the laft quarterly communication, reported that they had feen feveral defigns, and approved of one, for a fct of filver candlefticks, valued at 216/. or thereabouts, and one dcfign for three chairs, valued at 120/. or thereabouts, which they thought proper for the ufe of the grand lodge.

On tbis report, it w.as refolved that a v.oluntary fubfcription fhould be immcdiately opened at the grand fecretary’s, and continué till Michaelmas nexr, to raife the fum fuflicient to carry the defigns abovementioned into execution; and that a circular letter be fent to each lodge, acquainting them therewith ; and to delire they would fend their ñames to the grand fecretary, with an account of what fum they would chufe to fubfcribe.

The grand mafter in the chair propofcd, that as our right worfhipful grand mafter Lord Blayney had becn out of England fince bis bcing grand mafter, and being expetftcd to arrive every day, be might be re-eledted; which met with univerfal applaufe; and he was accordingly declared duly eleóied grand mafter for the enfuing year.

⅜(Γ∏∏Mp a∏d

at Merchant-taylors’ hall, Threadneedle-ftreet, May 2t, Prefent, the Duke of Chandos, as grand mafter; Col. Salter, deputy grand mafter; the Hon. Thomas Shirley, Efq. and Thomas O o 2 Alleyne,

2§4

CADWALLADER LORD BLAYNEY, G. M. Alleyne, Efq. grand wardens; Lord Vifcount Dudley, and the Man­ quis of Caernarvon, late grand mafters ; George Clarke, treafurer ; Sa­ muel Spencer, grand fecretary; Mark Adfton, fword-bearer; feveral former grand oíBcers; the twelve ftewards, and near four hundred brethren.

The grand oílicers, on their arrival at the hall, were conducted intσ∙ a convenient room, where the mafters and wardens of the feveral regular lodges were ordered to attend; when his Grace the Duke of Chandos propofed our prefent grand mafter, Lord Blayney, to be rechofen grand mafter for the year enfuing; who was thereupon unanimoufly re-eleóted.

Dinner being over, the grand officers walked round the hall in proceffion ; and his G-race the Duke of Chandos tookthe chair, and ordered the fecretary to proclaim Lord Blayney, barón of Caflle-Blayney, grand. mafter for the enfuing year.

The grand mafter appointed Col. John Salter, deputy grand mafter,.

Richard Ripley, Efq. 2 Cspt. Charles Tuffiiall, $ ≡rand 'ra,dens' Samuel Spencer, grand fecretary, Mark Adfton, fword-bearer.

Λ. D. L⅛∙

OtΛ∏b !Lθ∑J(JC, at the Crown and Anchor, in the Strand, the 29tfr of Oétober.

Prefent, Col. John Salter, deputy grand mafter, as grand

mafter; Richard Ripley, Efq. fenior grand warden, as deputy grand mafler; Captain Tuffnall, júnior grand warden, as fenior grand warden ; Henry Jaffray, as júnior grand warden ; Thomas Dyne, as grand treafurer in the abfence of Brother George Clarke; the mafters, war­ dens, and nine afliftants of the flewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of íixty-eight lodges.

The treafurer delivered in his accounts; and was unanimoufly recleéfed treafurer for the year enfuing.

The

CADWALLADER LORD BLAYNEY, G. M.

2$

The memorial of feveral brethren, late at the Fountain in Shoreditch, praying to be reftored, was read ; and upon paying two guineas to the public fund of charity, were ordered to be reinftatedr

Φva∏U 3lθbjC in ampie form at the Crown and Anchor in the Strand, the 29th of January. Prefent Right Hon. Lord Blayney, grand mafter ; Col. John Salter, deputy grand mafter ; Richard Ripley» Efq. fenior grand warden; Peter Edwards, mafter of the ftewards’ lodge, as júnior grand warden ; other former grand officers; John Smith, Efq. provincial grand mafter for Lancafhire; Thomas Dyne, in the abfence of Brother George Glarke, as grand treafurer ; the maf­ ter, wardens, and nine affiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; vvith the maf­ ter and wardens of feventy lodges.

A Ietter was received from Brother George Clarke, grand treafurer, defíring to be excufed ferving that office any longer; whereupon the grand lodge declared the office vacant, and Brother Rowland Berkeley was duly eledted in his room» Information was received, that Brother Jonathan Scott had, for nnworthy confiderations, made William Morgan, carpenter and undertakcr, near Clare Market, and William Bailey, at the ThrceTuns, Brookñrect, Clare Market, mafons. Ordered, that a N. B. be put at the bottom of each fummons, for the next committce of charity, and quarterly communication, defíring the lodges not to admit them as vifitors.

The grand mafter appointed Brother William Colé, engraver and printer in Newgate-ñreet, to be primer of the lift of lodges.

An Occaftonal Lodge was held at the Horn Tavern, in New PaIace Yard, Fcbruary ióth.

Prefent, Lord Blayney, grand mafter; Col. John Salter, deputy grand mafter; Richard Ripley, Efq. and Charles TufFnal, Efq. grand wardens; Horatio Ripley, Efq. as grand treafurer; Samuel Spencer, grand fecrctary; Thomas Dyne, as fwordbearer.

His

A. D. 1766.

2.86

CADWALLADER LORD BLAYNEY, G. M-∙ His Royal Highnefs William Henry, duke of Gloucerter, was in the ufual manner introduced, and made an cntered apprentice, pafied a fellow craft, and raifed to the degree of a mafler mafon.

A. D.

0ta∏l) EθbgC, in ampie form, at the Crown and Anchor, in the Strand, the 9th of April. Prefent, the Right Hon. Lord Blayney, grand mafler ; Col. John Salter, deputy grand mafler ; Richard Ripley, Efq. fenior grand warden ; Tilomas Singleton, late fenior grand warden, as júnior grand warden; Thomas Dyne, as grand treafurer; Samuel Spencer, grand fecretary ; Peter Edwards, as grand fword-bcarer ; the mafler, wardens, and nine affirtants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of fixty-fix regular lodges.

Brother Rowland Berkeley,in confequence of his beingeleóted grand treafurer at the laft quarterly communication, and his fecurities approved of, was inftalled as fuch, and invefled with the enflgns of his office. It was thereupon ordered, that the grand mafler do give notice to Brother George Clarke, late grand treafurer, and Dr. Manningham, late deputy grand mafler, that on their transferring the ílock ftanding in their ñames, and alfo paying fuch money, verted in their hands, the property of this fociety, to Brother Rowland Berkcley, and his fecuri­ ties ; the fecretary fhali be ordered! to deliver up their bond to be canceiled.

Brother Jonathan Scott, in obedience to the order of the laft con> mittee of oharity, appeared, and afked pubiic pardon for the indiferetion he had been guilty of in making mafons irregularly, and for unworthy confiderations; and he producing a certifícate of fuch mafons being fince re-made, and promifíng never to be guilty of the like again, was thereupon rertored to grace. He at the fame time likewífe promifed to pay by inrtalments, all money due fromhim to this fociety, on account ofthe Confíitution books; the flirt of which payments tobe made on or befare the quarterly communication, in O<Hober next.

This

CADWALLADER LORD BLAYNEY, G. NT.

287

This being the night for eleéling a grand mafter, Col. Salter, deputy grand mafter, propofed the Right Hon. Lord Blayney to be re-eleól'ed ; which met with the unanimous confent of the brethren ; and his Lord£hip retwrning thanks, expreffed himfelf extremcly happy to-have it in his power to ferve the craft.

A motion being made, by the deputy grand mafter, that it was necefiary to print a new edition of the Conftitutions, with fuch alterations and additions as ibaII be thought necefiary; the fame was approved of; and it was unanimouíly refolved, that the deputy grand mafter be empowered to appoint fuch brethren as he fhall think proper, to revife and alter the fame ; and afterward to appoint a committee, confiíling of the grand cflicers, and twenty-one mafters of lodges, to whom fuch alte­ rations fhall be fubmitted, and, if approved, the fame fhall be fignified to the firft quarterly communication following.

2l(ΓCl∏blp and' ftreet,. 14th of May.

at Merchant-taylors’ hall, Thrcadnecdle- a. D. Prefent, the Right Hon. Cadwallader Lord 1766-

Blayney, grand mafter ;■ Col. John Salter, deputy grand mafter; Richard Ripley, Efq. fenior grand warden; Charles TufFnall, Efcp júnior grand warden; the Right Hon. Lord Vifcount Dudley, late grand mafter; feveral former grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Eíq. grand treafurer; Samuel Spencer, grand fecretary; Mark Adfton, fword-bearer; the twelve ftcwards, together with near five hundred brethren.

The grand officers, on tlieir arrival at the hall, were conducfed into a convenient room, where the mafters and wardens of the feveral regu­ lar lodges were defired toattend; when Col. John Salter propofed our prefent grand mafter, Lord Blayney, to be re-chofen grand mafter for the year enfuing; and he was thereupon unanimouíly rc-eletfted.

Dinner being over, the grand oflicers walked round the hall in proceffion; Lord Blayney, grand mafter, took the chair, and w-as proclaimed grand’ mafter for the enfuing year, His Lordíhip appointed

Col,

188

CADWALLADER LORD BLAYNEY, G. λΓ.

Co!. John Salter, deputy grand mafler, Peter Edwards, Efq. 0 Horario* Ripley, Efq. § graπd wardens'

Samuel Spencer, grand fecretary, Mark Adfton, fword-bearer.

A. D. 1766.

3LθbfJt, at the Crown and Anchor in the Strand, the 17th of Oétober. Prefent, Col. John Salter, deputy grand mafler, as grand mafler; Peter Edwards, Efq. fcnior grand warden, as deputy grand mafler; Henry Jaffray, as fenior grand warden; William Smitb, as júnior grand warden ; Rowland Bcrkeley, treafurer ; Samuel Spencer, grand fecretary ; Mark Adfton, grand fword-bearer the mafler, wardens, and nine afliftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with thc mafters and wardens of feventy-five lodges.

The treafurer delivered his accounts; and was unanimoufly reeleófed.

Among other fums voted this night for charitable ufes, the treafurer was ordered to pay 100Z. into the hands of James Adams, Efq. mer. chant, for the relief of our diftrefled brethren, fufferers by the late firc at Barbadoes.

Several lodges not having attended for a coníiderable time at any quarterly communication, letters were ordered to be fent to them, to fhew caufe, at the next quarterly communication, for their non-attcndance.

A. D. »767.

<25rani) iMθΣ)JC, in due form, held at the Crown and Anchor Tavern, in the Strand, on the 28th of January. Prefent, the Right Wor- ■ íhipful Col. John Slater, deputy grand mafler, as grand mafler; Peter Edwards, Efq. fenior grand warden, as deputy grand mafter; Horado Ripley, Efq. júnior grand warden, as fenior grand warden; Richard Ripley Efq. paft grand warden, as júnior grand warden; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; Samuel Spencer, grand fecretary; Thomas Dyne, as grand fword-bearer; the mafter, wardens, and nine afliftants

CADWALLADER LORD BLAYNEY, G. M. tants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of regular lodges to the number of fixty-five.

The minutes of the laft committee for revifing the book of Conftitutions, were read; as were alfo the feveral alterations propofed to be made to the fame ; which were unanimoufiy approved.

Ordered, that five hundred books be immediately printed under the dircólion of the deputy grand mafter; and that the treafurcr do pay the expences attending the printing thereof, out of thepublic fund of the fociety: that the fame when printed be lodged in the hands of the grand fecretary, to be by him difpofed of at fuch a price as fhall be fixcd on for each of them, and to account to the grand treafurer every quarterly communication, for fuch money as he íhall receive from the fale.

An Occafwnal Lodge was held at the Thatched-houfe tavern, in St. James’s-ftreet, February the 9tl1, by Col. John Salter, Efq. as grand mafter; Horatio Ripley, Efq. as deputy grand mafter; Peter Edwards, and Richard Ripley, Efq. grand wardens; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; Samuel Spencer, grand fecretary; George Paterfon, Efq. as grand fword-bearer.

His Royal Highnefs Henry Frederick, duke of Cumberland, was in the ufual manner introduced, and made an entered apprentice, paíTed a fellow crafr, and raifed to the degrce of a mafter mafon. <25Cíllll) HoSíJC, at the Crown and Anchor tavern, in the Strand, April, 15th. Prefent, Col. John Salter, as grand mafter; Peter Edwards, Efq. as deputy grand mafter; Horatio Ripley, Efq. as fenior grand warden ; Richard Ripley, Efq. as júnior grand warden; Row­ land Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; Samuel Spencer, grand fecretary; Thcmas Dyne, grand fword-bearer; the Duke of Beaufort; the maf­ ter, wardens, and afliftants of the ftewards’ lodge, with the mafter and wardens of fixty-five regular lodges.

290

HENRY DURE OF BEAUFORT, G.M. The grand mafter in the chair propofed the moft noble Henry Somerfet duke of Beaufort to be grand mafter for the enfuing year, which met with the unanimous approbation of all the brethren prefent; and bis Grace was faluted as grand mafter eleét accordingly.

Refolved, that the grand lodge entertains the higheft fenfc of tlic honour conferred on the fociety by the initiation of their Royal Highnefles the Dukes of York, Gloucefter, and Cumberland.

Refolved, that each of their Royal Highnefíes be prefented with an apron, lined with blue filk, and that in all future proceftions they do rank as paft grand mafters, next to the grand officers for the time being.

A. D. 1767.

%ffCtttblp and ^rCΛft,at Merchant-taylors’ hall,Threadneedle-ftreet, April 27. Prefent, Lord Vifcount Dudley and Ward, as grand mafter j Col. John Salter, deputy grand mafter; Peter Edwards, Efq. Horatio Ripley, Efq. grand wardens; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; Samuel Spencer, grand fecretary ; Thomas∙ Dyne, fword-bearer ; the twclve ñewards, and many other brethren.

On the arrival of the grand officers, they were conduéled by the ftewards into a convenient room, where the mafters and wardens of the regular lodges were ordered to attend, when they unanimoufly eleéfed the Duke of Beaufort grand mafter for the year enfuing.

After dinner, the grand mafter in the chair with his officers made the firft proceffion round the hall, preceded by the mufle, and being returned to the chair, proclaimcd the moft high, puiílant and noble prince Henry Somerfet, duke of Beaufort, grand mafler of mafons for the enfuing year. His Grace being inftalled by proxy, the grand mafr ter in the chair appointed Col. John Salter, deputy grand mafter, The Hon. Charles Dillon, "i . Capt. Alexandcr Campbell, ∫ Erand 'rar*"'> Samuel Spencer, grand fecretary, Thomas Dyne, grand fword-bearer.

ΦranD

HENRY DUKE OF BEAUFORT, G. M. C*ΓΛttδ 3lθtiiJΓ, at the Crown and Anchor tavern in the Strand, A. D. Friday, Oélober 30. Prefent, Col. John Salter, as grand mafter; the Hon. Charles Dillon, as deputy grand mafter; Richard Ripley, Efq. as fenior grand warden ; Peter Edwards, Efq. as júnior grand warden; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; the mafter, wardens, and aftiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafter and wardens of fcventy-nine regular Iodges.

The ufual bufinefs refpeeting the general charity, and rcgulations of the fociety, was tranfatfted; after which the lodge was clofed.

<5ranij Hdíjíjc, at the Crown and Anchor tavern in the Strandj Wednefday, January 27. Prefent, Col. John Salter, as grand mafter ; Peter Edwards, Efq.-as deputy grand mafter; Thomas Dunckerley, Efq. as fenior grand warden; John Friday, mafter of the ñewards’ lodge, as júnior grand warden; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; Samuel Spencer, grand fecretary; Thomas Dyne, grand fword-bearer; the mafter, wardens, and nine afíiftants of the ftewards’ lodge ; with the mafters and wardens of feventy-five regular Iodges.

The grand mafter informed the brethren, that two letters had been received from the grand lodge of France, exprefting a delire of opening a regular correfpondence with the grand lodge of England; and the íaid letters being read, Refolved, that a mutual correfpondence be kept up, and that a book of Conftitutions, a lift of Iodges, and a form of a deputation, bound in an elegant manner, be preíénted to the grand lodge of France.

Nineteen Iodges, one of them at Madrid, two in France, and the others ín various parts of England, having ceafed to meεt, or negle<fted to conform to the laws of this fociety, were erazed out of the lift.

Brother Dunckerley, provincial grand mafter for Hampfhire, reported, that the Bear lodge at Havant, had, in open contempt, difobeycd his orders; and moved, that the faid lodge might be erazed out of the lift; the queftion being put, it paffed in the aflirmative.

Fp 2

<J5ranb

A.D. 1768.

2^2

A. D. 1'7°s'

H,ENRY DURE OF BEAUFORT, G. M, <0ΓilΠt> 3ZβDiJC i'n ampie form, at the Crown and Anchor tavern, i» ' the Strand, Friday, April 29. Prefent, the Dnke of Beaufort, grand mafter ; Col. John Salter, deputy grand mafter; the Hon. Charles Dillon, fenior grand warden ; Richard Ripley, Efq. as júnior grand wardcn; Rowland Berkeley,. Efq. grand treafurer;, Samuel Spcncer, grand fecretary; Thomas Dyne, grand fword-bearer; the mafter, wardens, and affiftants of the ftewards’ lodge ; with the mafters and wardcns of forty-eight regular lodges.

The deputy grand mafter propofed the Duke of Beaufort to be re» eleéfed grand mafter for the enfuing year; and his Grace confenting. thereto, was unanimoufly approved, and faluted as grand mafter elect.

¾(Γc∏tbIp and at Merchant-taylors’ hall,. Threadneedleftreet, May 2.

Prefent, the Duke of Beaufort, grand mafter; Col. John Salter, de­ puty grand mafter; Lord Vifcount Dudley and Ward, paft grand maf­ ter ; the Hon. Charles Dillon, fenior grand warden ; Richard Ripley, Efq. as júnior grand warden; feveral former grand officers;. Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; Samuel Spencer, grand fecretary Thomas Dyne, grand fword-bearer ; with the twelve ftewards, and many other brethren.

The grand officers, on their arrival at the hall, were conduéled by the ftewards into a convenient room, where the mafters and wardens of the lodges were ordered to attend; when the Duke of Beaufort was duly re-eletfted grand mafter for the enfuing year.

Dinner being over, the grand officers madé the firft proceffion round the hall, and the Duke of Beaufort being returned to the chair, was proclaimed grand mafter of mafons for the year enfuing, and inftalled in ampie form. His Grace appointed

The

HENRY DURE OF BEAUFORT, G. M. The Hon. Charles Dillon, deputy grand mafter, Rowland Holt, Efq.^) Henry JΛtay, Ef<1.ξ Slaπd 'rardens'

Samuel Spencer, grand fccretary, Thomas Dyne, grand fword-bearer, ΦC4Πft C∙θij5c, at the Crown and Anchor tavern, in the Strand, A. D. Friday, Oéiober 28. Prefent, the Hon. Charles Dillon, as grand maf- 1'68' ter; Rowland Holt, Efq. as depιτty grand mafter; Henry Jaffray, Efq. as fénior grand warden ; John Friday, mafter of the ftewards’ lodge, as júnior grand warden; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; Thomas French, grand fecretary ; Thomas Dyne, grand fword-bearer; the mafter, wardens, and afítftants of the ftewardsr lodge, with the mafters and wardens of feventy-nine regular lodges.

The deputy grand mafter informed the grand lodge, that the grand mafter had been pleafcd to appoint Brother Thomas French grand fe­ cretary, in the room of Brother Samuel Spencer, deceafed.

The grand mafter in the chair then informed the brethren, that at a committec of charity held at the Horn tavern, Fleet-ftreet, on the 21ft inftant, he had prefented a plan for raifing a fund' to build a hall, and purchafe jewels, furniture, &c. for the grand lodge, independent of the general fund of charity; that he apprehended the accomplifhment of fuch a defígn would give a fanélion to our affemblies ; that the plan had been carefully perufed by thé brethren prefent at the committec; and feveral amendments having been made ιhereto, they were referred to this grand lodge for confii mation.

The feveral heads of this plan being propofed to the brethren, they refolved, that the faid refolutions do meet with the approbation of this grand lodge ; and that they be ftritftly enforced by all regular lodges and mafons under the Conftitution cf England, under the title of “ Rcgulations for raifing a fund to build a hall, and purchafe jewels, furniture, bcc. for the grand lodge, independent of the general fund of charity

that

HENRY DUKE OF BEAUFORT, G. M: that they be forthwith printed and tranfmitted to aII the Iodges on re­ cord ; that the above regulations do commence the 29th of Oótober, and that all the money collctfted in confequence of the above regula­ tions, be paid to the grand fecretary on or before each grand lodge.

Thefe regulations are entered among the reft, at the end of the vo­ lunte, under the title of Hall Fund.

The grand treafurer was re-e!cΛcd for the enfuing year.

A. D. j769∙

<OΓΛllδ EθδQt. at the Crown and Anchor tavern in the Strand, February 28. Prefent, the Hon. Charles Dillon, as grand mafter; Rowland Holt, Efq. as deputy grand maflcr ; Henry Jafíray, Efq. fenior grand warden; Peter Edwards, Efq. as júnior grand warden; feveral former grand officers; Rowland Berkcley, Efq. grand treafurer; Thomas French, grand fecretary; Thomas Dyne, grand fvvord-bearer; the mafter, wardens, and aftiftants of the ftewards* lodge; with the mafters and wardens of eighty-one regular Iodges.

The ufual buñnefs refpeéiing the general charity, and regulations of the fociety, was tranfaóled; after which the lodge was clofed.

<δtΛ∏b UoDtJC, in ampie form at the Crown and Anchor tavern in the Strand, April 28. Prefent, the Duke of Beaufort, grand mafter; the Hon. Charles Dillon, deputy grand mafterj. Rowland Holt, Efq. fenior grand warden ; Henry Jaffray, Efq. júnior grand warden ; feveral former grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; Thomas French, grand fecretary; George Carnaby, as grand fwordbearer; the mafter, wardens, and afíiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of ninety-nine regular Iodges.

The deputy grand mafter propofed the Duke of Beaufort to be continued grand mafter for the enfuing year, which met with univerfal applaufe; and his Grace being prefent, and affenting thereto, was declared, and faluted, as grand mafter eledf.

2ifΓtmbln

HENRY DURE OF BEAUFORT,<?. M.

295

ftffcmtilp and at Merchant-taylors’ hall, Threadneedleftreet, May 5. Prefent, The Duke of Beaufort, grand mafter; the Hon. Charles Dillon, deputy grand mafter; the Duke of Chandos, the Marquis of Caernarvon, Lord Vifcount Dudley and Ward, paft grand mafters ; Lord Vifcount Gormanfton ; Rowland Holt, Efq. Henry Jaflray, Efq. grand wardens; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer ; Thomas French, grand fecretary ; Thomas Dyne, grand fword-bcarer; the twelve ftewards, together with the mafters and wardens of divers regular lodges, and a number of other refpeélable brethren.

On the arrival of the grand officers at the hall, they were conduéted into a convcnientroom by the ftewards, where the mafters and wardens of lodges were ordered to attend,. when the Duke of Beaufort was unanimoufly re-ele<fted grand mafter for the enfuing year.

After dinner, the procefíion was made round the hall, his Grace was inftalled in ampie form, received due homage ; and appointed The Hon. Charles'Dillon, deputy grand mafter, Rowland Holt Efq. j- grand wardens, Charles Taylor Efq. James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary, William Smith, grand fword-bearcr.,

A. D. 1769.

<5ranh Hoíjgc, át the Crown and Anchor tavern in the Stránd, Otftober 27th. Prefent Rowland Holt, Efq. as grand mafter; Charles Taylor, Efq. as deputy grand mafter; Henry Jaffray, Efq. as fenior grand tvarden; John Riggc, Efq. mafter of the lodge of Antiqtiity, as júnior grand warden; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer ; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; William Smith, grand fword-bearcr ; the mafter, wardens, and aftiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the maflers and wardens of fixty-fix regular lodges.

The grand treafurer was re-eleóled for the enfuing year.

296

HENRY DURE OF BEAUFORT, G. M.

A. D. 1Λ⅜∙

OCΛΠ∑J Húu JC Extraordinary, at the Crown and Anchor tavern in thc Strand, November 29. Prefent, thc Honourabl.e Charles Dillon, as grand mafter; Charles Taylor, Efq. as deputy grand mafter; Thomas Singleton, Efq. as fenior grand warden; Henry Jaffray, Efq. as júnior grand warden; Lord Gormanfton ; Obadiah Wright, Efq. maf­ ter of the ftewards’ lodge, as grand treafurer ; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; William Smith, grand fword-bearer ; the mafter, wardens, and aftiftants of the ftewards* lodge; with the mafters and wardens of one hundred regular lodges. ’ This lodge was called to obviate fome difficulties that occurred in making the transfer required by the refolution of the preceding grand lodge; but thefe being merely of a perfonal temporary nature, it will be needlefs to fpecify them at this diftance of time.

A. D.

<3rΛ∏l) 3Lθi3ΓJC at the Crown and Anchor tavern in thc Strand, February yth. Prefent, the Honourable Charles Dillon, as grand maf­ ter ; Rowland Holt, Efq. as deputy grand mafter; Charles Taylor, Efq. as fenior grand warden ; Henry Jaffray, Efq. as júnior grand war­ den ; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; William Smith, grand fword-bearer; the mafter, wardens, and aftiftants of the ñewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of eighty-five regular lodges.

As the right of the members of the ftewards’ lodge in general to attend thc commictee of charity appeared doubtful, and no mention of fuch right being made in the laws of the fociety, the grand lodge was of opinión that they had no general right to attend: a refolution was therefore moved and paffed, that the mafter and thrce other members of the ftewards* lodge be permitted to attend at every committee of charity on behalf of the faid lodge.

The grand fecretary reprefented that the prefent lift of lodges was very incomplete on account of the great number which had declined meeting, andhad confequently been erazed ; andas the printer waspreparing

•

j77°∙

henry dure of beaufort, g. m.

29-7

paring platos for a new impreflion, if the blanks were fupplied by removing the numbers of the prefent lodges forward, the new imprcfíion would not only be rendered more complete, but be confined within a narrower compafs.

Refolved, that all the blanks in the prefent lift of lodges be filled up with the lodges on record in rotation; and that ordcrs be givcn to the printer accordingly.

Refolved, that notice of this refolution be communicated to all the regular lodges under the conftitution of England.

25th.

at the Crown and Anchor tavern in the Strand, April A. D. Prefent, the Honourable Charles Dillon, as grand mafter; Row- I/7°’

land Holt, Efq. as deputy grand mafter ; Charles Taylor, Efq. as fenior grand warden ; Henry Jaffray, Efq. as júnior grand wat-den; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; William Smith, grand fword-bearer-, the mafter, wardens, and aftiftants of the ftewards’ lodge ; with the mafters and wardens of íixty-íix regular lodges.

The provincial grand mafter for foreign lodges acquainted the grand lodge, that he had Iately received a letter from Charles Barón de Boetzelaer, grand mafter of the national grand lodge of the United Provinces of Holland and their dependencies, rcquefttng to be acknowledged as fuch by the grand lodge of England, whofe fuperiority he acknow­ ledged ; and promifíng, that on condition the grand lodge of England did not in future conftitute any new lodge within his jurifdiélion, the grand lodge of Holland íhould obferve the lame reftriélion with refpeól to all parts of the world where lodges were eftabliíhed under the patronage of England: upon thefe terms he requefted that a firm and friendly alliancc might be executed in form betwixt the grand officcrs of each lodge ; and that an annual correfpondence might be carricd on betwixt the two grand lodges, and each be acquainted with the moft material tranfactions of the other during the year. A motion was then Q q made,

HENRY DURE OF BEAUFORT, G. λf. made, that fuch alliance or compaét be entered intoagreeably to Barón Boetzelaer’s requeft, which paflcd in the affirmative.

The grand mafter in the chair propofed the Duke of Beaufort to be continucd grand mafter for the enfuing year, which met with general •approbation. His Grace was accordingly proclaimed grand mafter eleóf wi,th the ufual ceremonics.

OTcmbíp and at Merchant-taylors’ hall, Threadneedleftreet, May 7.

Prefent, the Duke of Beaufort, grand mafter; the Hon. Charles Dillon, deputy grand mafter; the Duke of Chandos, the Marquis of Caernarvon, Lord Vifcount Dudley and Ward, paft grand mafters; Rowland Holt, Efq. Charles Taylor, Efq. grand wardens; his Excellency Barón de Nolcken, minifter from Sweden; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand íécretary; William Smith, grand fword-bearer; the twelve ftewards; with the mafters and wardens of feveral regular lodges, and a number of refpeéfable brethren duly cloathed.

On the arrival of the grand officers at the ha.ll, they were conduéled by the ftewards into a convenient room, where the mafters and war­ dens of lodges were íummoned. to attend. The grand lodge being opencd in ampie form, the Duke of Beaufort was re-eleéled grand mafter for the enfuing year.

After dinner, and the ufual proceflions round the hall, his Grace was proclaimed grand mafter of mafons, and inftalled in ampie form;, when he was pleafed to appoint The Hon. Charles Dillon, deputy grand mafter, Rowland Holt, Efq. grand wardens, Sir Watkin Williams Wynne, Bart.

James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary, William Smith, grand fwordrbearer.

HENRY DUKE OF BEAUFORT, G. M.

299

<!5t4tl0 Uoüfjf» at the Crown and Anchor tavern in the Strand, A. D. November 23. Prefent, the Hon. Charles Dillon, as grand mafler; l770∙ Rowland Holt, Efq. as deputy grand mafter; Peter Edwards, Efq. as fenior grand warden ; Charles Taylór, Efq. as júnior grand warden; feveral former grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, grand treafurer ; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecrctary ; William Smith, grand fwordbearer ; Lord Gormanfton; the mafter, wardens, and affiftants of the ftewards’ lodge ; with the mafters and wardens of ninety-four regular lodge s.

Brother Berkeley was re-eleéled grand treafurer for the enfuing year. ⅛'.,

I'

♦

.>∙l-t

•

■

■

\

A.

.. ..

•

.

F

<δtA∏i) LotlíJC. the Crown and Anchor tavern in the Strand, A. D. February 6.

Prefent, the Hon. Charles Dillon, as grand mafter; 1''1* Rowland Holt, Efq. as deputy grand mafter; Sir Watkin Williams Wynne, Bart. as fenior grand warden; Charles Taylor, Efq. as júnior grand warden; former grand officers; Lord Gormanfton; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; William Smith, grand fword-bearer; the mafter, wardens, and affiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of eighty-five regular lodges.

ΦΓ4∏tl ILθt!iJC, at the Crown and Anchor tavern in the Strand, April 26. Prefent, the Dulce of Beaufort, grand mafter; the HonCharles Dillon, deputy grand mafter; Rowland Holt, Efq. fenior grand warden; Sir Watkin Williams Wynne, Bart. júnior grand warden; feveral former grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand trea­ furer ; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; W7illiam Smith, grand fword-bearer; the mafter, wardens, and affiftants of the ftewards’ lodge ; with the mafters and wardens of eighty-íix regular lodges.

The deputy grand mafter propofed the Duke of Beaufort to be continued grand mafter for the enfuing year, which met with univerfal applaufe; and his Grace was proclaimed and faluted grand mafter eleét accordingly.

3iΓcmblp

3oo

•A. D.

HENRY DURE OF BEAUFORT, G. M.

2i(ΓCΠlblp and Jfcaft, at Merchant-taylors’ .hall, Thrúadneedleftreet, May 6.

Prefent, thc Duke of Beaufort, grand mafter; the Hon. Charles Dillon, deputy grand mafter; Lord Vifcount Dudley and Ward, paft grand mafter; the Earl of Kingfton; Rowland Holt, Efq. Sir Watkin Williams Wynne, Bart. grand wardens ; feveral former grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq, grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; William Smith, grand fwordbearer; the twelve ftewards; with the mafters and wardens of divers regular lodgcs, and many other refpeólable brethren.

On the arrival of thc grand officers at the,hall, they were condu<ftcd by the ftewards into a prívate room, where the maflers and wardens of the lodgcs were fummoned to attend, when the Duke of Beaufort was unanimouíly re-eleóled grand mafter for the ycar enfuing.

After dinner the ufual proceffions were made round the hall, and the grand mafter was inftalled in folemn form, and invefted with thc badge of bis high office. His Grace then appointed The Hon. Charles Dillon, deputy grand mafter, Sir Watkin Williams Wynne, Bart. , , τ,zgrand wardens,

James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary, William Smith, grand fword-bearer.

Φt,i∏li) 3lθbftt, at thc Mitre tavern, Fleet-ftreet, Novcmber 29.

Prefent, William Hodgfon, Efq. as grand mafter ; Henry Jaffray, Efq. as deputy grand mafter; Charles Taylor, Efq. as fenior grand warden; Mr. James Bottomley, mafter bf the ftewards’lodge, as júnior grand warden; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hcfcltine, Elq. grand fecretary ; William Smith, grand fword-bearer ; the mafter, wardens, and afíiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of eighty-one rqgnlar lodgcs.

Brother Berkeley was rc-elcéfcd grand treafurer for the enfuing

year.

Φrflnb

ROBERT

LORD

PETRE,

G. M.

30 r

<0C*Ul∂ e≡LθtliχC, at the Mitre tavern, Fleet-ftreet, Febrtiary 2Sth. A. D. Prefent, the Hon. Charles Dillon, as grand mafter; William Hodgfon, Efq. as deputy grand mafter; Charles Taylor, Efq. as fenior grand warden ; Mr. James Bottomley, mafter of the ftewards’ lodge, as júnior grand warden ; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer ; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; Francis Johnfton of the ftewards’ lodge, as grand fword-bearer ; the mafter, wardens, and aftiñants of the ftewards’ lodge ; with the mafters and wardens of eighty-four re­ gular lodges.

The ufual buíinefs refpedting the general charity, and regulations of the fociety, was iranfa&ed, after which the lodge was clofcd. eranb Uob(jt, at the Crown and Anchor tavern in the Strand, April 29. Prefent, the Duke of Beaufort, grand mafter; the Hon. Charles Dilton, deputy grand mafter ; William Hodgfon, Efq. as fenior grand warden ; Henry Jaffray, Efq. as júnior grand warden ; feveral for, mer grand officers ; Lord Petre ; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand trcafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary ; Francis Johnfton, fenior warden of the ftewards’ lodge, as grand fword-bearer; the mafter, war­ dens, and affiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and war­ dens of ninety-four regular lodges.

The grand mafter propofed the Right Hon. Robert Edward Petre, Lord Petre, as his fucceflor for the enfuing year; and Brother Edwards, paft fenior grand warden, propofed Major-generaí John Salter. Both thefc propofitions being feconded, the queftion was put, when therc appeared a great majority in favour of Lord Petre, who was accordingly decíared grand mafter ele él; and being prefent, reccived the compliments of the grand lodge on the occaíion. ¾(Γemblp and jreftíl, at Merchant-taylors, ha∏, Threadncedle-ftreet, May 4. Prefent, the Duke of Beaufort, grand mafter; Lord Petre, grand mafter eleói; the Hon. Charles Dillon, deputy grand mafter; Lord

3°2

R-OBERT

LORD

PETRE,

G. M.

Lord Vifcount Dudley and Ward, paíl grand maíler; Rowland Holt, Efq. William Hodgfon, Efq. grand wardens; fevcral paíl grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; William Smith, grand fword-bearer ; twelve ílewards; with the maílers and wardens of divers regular lodges, and a number oí refpeclable brethrcn.

The grand officers, on their arrival at the hall, were condudled by the ílewards into a convenient room, where the maílers and wardens of the lodges were ordered to attend, and Lord Petre was unanimouíly eleéled grand maíler for the enfuing year.

Dinner being over, the grand officers and ílewards walked round the hall in proccffion, after which the Duke of Beaufort being returncd to the chair, his Grace in polite terms returned thanks to the fociety for the honours he had received, and inveíled Lord Petre with the enfigns of his high office. The grand fecretary then proclaimed the Right Hon. Robert Edward Petre, Lord Petre, barón of Writtle, in the county of Effex, grand maíler of mafons, with the ufual ceremonies ; who was pleafed to appoint The Hon. Charles Dillon, deputy grand maíler, Sir Pcter Parker, Knt. ] William Atkinfon, Efq. J ≡rand wardens* James Hefeltine, .Efq. grand fecretaiy, John Dcrwas, grand.fword-bearer.

A. D.

√JΓΛ∏t∣ UotJíJf, at the Crown and Anchor tavern in the Strand, Nov. 4. Prefent, the Hon. Charles Dillon, as grand maíler ; Sir Peter Parker, Knt. as deputy grand maíler; William Atkinfon, Efq. as fenior grand warden ; Charles Taylor, Efq. as júnior grand warden; Row­ land Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fe­ cretary; John Derwas, grand fword-bearer; the maíler, wardens, and affiílants of the ílewards’ lodge ; with the maílers and wardens of cighty-two regular lodges.

Brother

ROBERT

LORD

PETRE,

G.M.

303

Brother Berkeley was unanimouíly re-eleéied grand treafurer for the enfuing year.

<5tiUltJ JLOÜgt, at the Crown and Anchor tavern in the Strand, A. D. February 5.

Prefent, Lord Petre, grand mafter ;

the Hon. Charles 1773*

Dillon, deputy grand mafter; Sir Peter Parker, Knt. fenior grand warden ; William Atkinfon, Efq. júnior grand warden ; other paft: grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefekine, Efq. grand fecretary; John Derwas, grand fword-bearer; the mafter, wardens, and aftiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of feventy regular lodges.

The ufual bufínefs refpeéting the general charity, and regulations of the fociety, was tranfa‰d, after which the lodge was clofed.

<25tattb JLθiJ(JΓ, at the Crown and Anchor tavern in the Strand, April 23. Prefent, Lord Petre, grand mafter; the Hon. Charles Dil­ lon, deputy grand mafter; the Duke of Beaufort, paft grand mafter; William Atkinfon, Efq. as fenior grand warden; Henry Jaffray, Efq. as júnior grand warden; feveral former grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; John Derwas, grand fword-bearer; the mafter, wardens, and aftiftants of the ftewards’ lodge ; with the mafters and wardens of feventy-three regular lodges.

Eleven lodges, having neglefíed to conform to the laws of the fo­ ciety, were erazed out of the lift.

Refolved, That a committee, confifting of the prefent and paft grand officers, the provincial grand mafters, the mafter of the ftewards’ lodge, and the mafters of ten lodges within the bilis of mortality, to be nominated at the firft meeting, be appointed to confider of and pro­ mote the plan for building a hall, &c. That fuch committee íhall con­ tinúe

3°4 1—v-- I

ROBERT

LORD

PETRE,

G. M.

tinue to aít and report to every fucceeding grand Iodge, until the grand Iodge think proper to difcontinue the faid committee *.

The deputy grand mafter propoíed Lord Petre to be continued for the ycar enfuing; which met with general approbation, and his lordíhip being prcfent, was declared grand mafter .elc<H, and received the compliments oí the grand Iodge on the occafion. Λ. D. 1773-

ítíTcniblp a∏d JfC∏li, at Merchant-taylors’∙hall-, Aptil 26. Prefent, Lord Petre, grand mafter; the Hon. Charles Dillon, deputy grand mafter ; Lord Vifcount Dudley and Ward, the Duke of Beaufort, pail grand maflers; Sir Peter Parker, Knt. William Atkinfon, Efq. grand wardens; feveral former grand oflicers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq, grand treafurer ; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecrctary; john Derwas, grand fword-bearer; twelve ftewards ; with the mafters and wardens of feveral lodges, and many other brethren of cminence and diftinólion.

The grand officers, on their arrival at the hall, were condutfted by the ftewards into a convenient room, where the mafters and wardens of the lodges prefent being ftimrnoned to attend, Lord Petre was unanimoufly re-eleéled.

Aftcr dinncr the ufual proceffions round the hall were made, and his Iordfhip being proclaimed and inílalled according to antient ufage, was pleafed to appoint The Hon. Charles Dillon, deputy grand mafter, John Croft, Efq. □ Jofeph Ferdinando Gillio, Efq. j 5ran<^ wardens,

James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary, John Derwas, grand fword-bearer. * 7 he prjrpofes for which the hall committee was formed, liavc been fo well anfwered, that its powcrs have been regularly continued by a particular motion at every grand Iodge, to the time of tile publication of this volunte, This general intimation will therefore render the repetition of its continuance unncceffary.

<6rana

RCfBERT LORD

PETRE,

G. M.

3°> .

ΦΓΛΠtl LθDflTt at the Crown and Anchor tavern in the Strand, a. D. November 19. Prefent, the Hon. Charles Dillon, as grand mafter; 1773∙ John Croft, Efq. as dcputy grand mafter; Jofeph Ferdinando Gillio, Efq. as fenior grand warden; William Atkinfon, Efq. as júnior grand warden; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand trcafurer; James Hefcltine, Efq. grand fecretary; John Derwas, grand fword-bearer; the mafter, wardens, and afliñants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the maftcrs and wardens of fixty-eight regular lodges.

Brother Berkeley was re-eleóled grand trcafurer for the enfuing year.

The grand fecretary reportcd, that'eight lodges had been conftituted lince laft grand lodge.

The proceedings of the committee for building a hall, &c. werc read and approved ; and in confequence of a recommendation from the íaid committee, in order to procure a regular obfervance of the laws pafled for raifing a fund to build a hall; fome regulations were made to enforce thofe pafíed in Oólober 1768, for payments on the regiñering of new-made brethren; which are infertcd at the end of the vo­ lunte, under the article Hall Fund.

The grand fecretary informed the grand lodge of a propofal for «ftabliíhing a friendly unión and correípondence with the grand lodge of Gertnany, held at Berlín, under the patronage of his Serene Highnefs the Prince of Hefle and Darmftadt, which met with general approbation. ΦVft∏i) UütJtJC, at the Crown and Anchor tavern in the Strand, a. D. February 25. Prefent, Lord Petre, grand mafter ; John Croft, Efq. i774∙ as deputy grand mafter; Jofeph Ferdinando Gillio, Efq. as fenior grand warden; William Atkinfon, Efq. as júnior grand warden ; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand trcafurer; James Hefcltine, Efq. grand fecretary; John Derwas, grand fword-bearer; the mafters, wardens, and affiftants of the ftewards’ lodge ; with the mafters and wardens of feventy-feven regular lodges.

The R t

3o6

r o b e r t lord p e t r e, g. m.

The committee for building the hall was continucd with its ufual powers; and the brethren of the faid committee were impowered to trcat for and purchafe any piece of ground they might thtnk fuitable for the purpofe.

Refolved, That an Extraordinavy Grand Lodge be held at the London tavern, in Biíhopfgate-ñreet, on the 14th of March next, to afcertain what fums can be raifed from the feveral lodges, to enable the committee to complete the above-mentioned purchafe; and ¡a confequence of the fums that may be then offered, to conñder what farther fleps will be neceíTary to carry into execution the. defigns of the fociety.

A. D. 1774∙∙

45vatlb HθiJ(JC Extraordlnary> held in ampie form at the Londoa tavern, in Bifhopfgate-ftreet, March 14. Prefent, Lord Petre, grand mafter ; the Hon. Charles Dillon, deputy grand maffer; John Croft, Efq. fenior grand warden; Jofeph Ferdinando Gillio, Efq. júnior grand warden ; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer ; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary ; James Galloway, maffer of the ftewards’ lodge, as grand fword-bearer the ufual number ofoflicers and brethren of the ftewards’ lodge ; with the maflers and wardens of eighty-five regular lodges.

The grand maffer informed the brethren, that this grand lodge was convened for the purpofe of afcertaining what money can be at pre­ fent raifed to purchafe ground for building a hall, &c., for the ufe of the fociety.

The feveral lodges in England being called over, the fubfcriptions voluntarily offered, amounted to 655Z. ioj. which added to the caíh in the grand treafurer’s hands for this purpofe, made in the wholc 1422Z. 15r. 6d. toward the fund for building the hall.

Refolved, That as many lodges have with a becoming- fpirit exerted themfelves on this occaíion, and in a great meafure enfured the fuccefs of the plan for building a hall, &c. the committee for carrying the

fcbeme

ROBERT

LORD

P E T R E,

G. M.

30/

fcheme into execution,' be deiired to ufe t-heir endeavours to purchafe a proper piece of ground for that purpofe, with all convenient fpeed; and that in the mean time thanks be tranfmitted toall the lodges who have contributed to this undcrtaking, with a requcft to continué their ∣ort.

<25tιlliδ at the London tavern in Bifhopfgate-ftrcet, April A. D. 27. Prefent, Lord Petre, grand mafter; John Croft, Eíq. as deptιty ',l'i" grand mafter; William Atkinfón, Efq. as fenior grand warden ; Hcnry Jaffray, Eíq. as júnior grandwarden ; feveral paft grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; John Derwas, grand fword-bearcr ; the ma∩er, wardens, and affiftants of the ftcwards’ lodge ; the prefent board of ftewards; with the mañers and wardens of íifty-fix regular lodges.

The grand fecretary reported from the committee for building the hall, That the committee had contraóled for the purchafe of a plot of ground and premifes, coníiñing of two large commodious dwellinghoufes, and an extenfive garden, fituated in Great Quecn-ftreet, Lincoln’s-Inn Fields, late in the pofíeffion of Philip Carteret Webb, Efq. deceafed; the particulars of which were fpecified in a plan delivered: that the premifes had been furveyed, and found to be in good condition; and that the real valué thereof appeared to be 3205/. at the leaft ; that 3 180 Z. was the fum contraéled to be paid for the premifes; that 1850/. were already lent on a mortgage; and that the mortgagee was defirous of continuing bis money upon the fecurity thereof: that, as the front houfe would be at prefent ufelefs to the fociety, and upon a modérate calculation might produce 90l. per annum, it would defray the intereft of the mortgage ; that the back houfe would furniíh commodious committee rooms, offices, kitchens, &c. without much alteration; and that the garden was fufficiently large to contain a complete hall for the ufe óf the fociety, the expence of which it was imagined would not cxceed 3000 Z.

Rr 2

Refolved,

ROBERT

LORD

PETRE, G. M.

Refolved, That this report be printed, and, with a plan of tlte premifes, tranfmitted to the lodgesand that their farther affiftanceand fupport be rcqueñed to compleat the defign.

Refolved, That thofe lodges who have negleéled or íhall negleít to fend in at each fucceeding quarterly communication, an accurate lift of their members made or admitted lince Oélober 29, 1768, with the regiftering fees as fíipulated by the regulations of that date, or give fome fatisfa&ory excufe for the omifli'on, be erazed out of the lift of lodges.

Refolved, That the hall committee be continued, and be empowered to draw upon the grand treafurer for fuch fums óf money as íhall be found necefíary to compleat the purchafe of the ground and premifes in Great Queen-ftreet, above defcribed; and to let the front houfe on a repairing leafe, or otherwife, as may be moft beneficial to the fociety; and that the committee be inveíled with full power to do every thing necefíary toward compleating the plan for building the hall.

Lord Petre, the Dukes of Beaufort and Chandos, Earl Ferrers, and Lord Vifcount Dudley and Ward, were propofed to be trufíees for the fociety; and that in their ñames the conveyance of the premifes purchafed íhould be made. This propofition being unanimouíly approved, the committee was defired to requeft the honour of thefe noblemen to accept the truft.

Brother Croft, fenior grand warden, propofed Lord Petre to be continued grand mafíer for the enfuing year, which pafíed unanimoufly in the affirmative. His lordíhip was thereupon declared grand mafíer eleéi, and received the compliments of the grand lodge in antient form.

A. D. ,774∙

2ltΓcmlHp and at the Londón tavern, Biíhopfgate-fíreetj.

May 2.

Prefent, Lord Petre, grand mafíer; John Croft, Efq. as deputy grand mafíer; Jofeph Ferdinando Gillio, Efq. as fenior grand warden 1

ROBERT

LORD

PETRE,

G. M.

309.

-- ,

«'arden; Rowland Holt, Efq. as júnior grand warden; feveral paft grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; Jóhn Derwas, grand fword-bearer; the twelve ftewards; with the mafters and wardens of feveral lodges, and a number of other brcthren of diftinótion.

The grand officers were conduéled by the ftewards into a convenient room, where the mafters and wardens of lodges were ordered to attend; when Lord Petre was unanimoufly re-elcéled, and proelaimed grand mafter of mafons with the ufual ceremonies.

After dinner the proceffions round the room were made, according to antient ufage,. and Lis lordfhip was re-invefted and faluted accordingly. His lordfhip was pleafed to appoint Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy grand mañer, The Hon. Thomas Noel,* ) John Hatch, Efq. ∫ Srand warden⅛ James Hefeltine, grand fecretary, John Derwas, grand fword-bearer...

⅞S>Uin∂ at the Crown and Anchor tavern in the Strand, November 25. Prefent, Rowland Holt, Efq. as grand mafter; John Hatch, Efq. as deputy grand mafter; Richard Ripley, Efq. as fenior grand warden; Sir Peter Parker, Knt. as júnior grand warden; fe­ veral former grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; John Derwas, grand fwordbearer; the mafter, wardens, and affiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of fifty-nine regular lodges.

Brother Berkeley was re-eleóted grand treafurer for the enfuing year.

The grand fecretary reported, That the committee for building the hall had purchafed the premifes in Great Oueen-ftreet, at the fum of 3150Z. and had paid one half year’s intereft: of a mortgage to Mr. Carrington, amounting to 50/. according to agreement; that for * Since Lord Vifcount Wentworth.

the

A.D. j774∙

ROBERT

3io

LORD

PETRE, G. M.

the purpofe of paying off Mr. Carrington’s fnortgage, they had borrowed 2000/. of Stephen Luffiington, Efq. lipón a mortgage of the premifes at 5/. per cent, per annlim; that the title to the premifes had been approved by counfeJ, and every thing with refpeól to the purchafe compleatcd.

The grand lodgc approved of this report; and the committee was continued with its ufual powers.

Ordered, That the rcgulations for raiíing a fund to build a hallj &c. be ftriétly enforced.

Rcfolved, That all lodges which have not contributed, or íhall negleél to contributc to the general charity4 within twelve months, agreeably to the laws, be apprifed of their negleít by the grand fecretary, and informed, that if no remittance is niade, or fatisfaélory excufe given, at the next fucceeding grand lodge, fuch lodges will be erazed out of the liffi

A. D.

≤3l,a∏tJ 3Ltii)fJC5 at Free-mafons’ tavern, in GreatQueen-ñreet, Lin*∙

1775∙

coln’s-Inn Fields, February 22.

Prefent, Lord Petre, grand mañerj John C’roft, Efq. as deputy grand mafter; Henry Jafíray, Efq. as fenior grand warden ; Charles Taylori Efq* as júnior grand warden 5 fcveral paft grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hcfcltine, Efq. grand fecretary; John Derwas, grand fwordbearcr ; the mafíer, wardcns, and affiílants of the ílewards’ lodgc j with the maílers and wardens of eighty-two regular lodges.

It having been reprefented to this grand lodge that the bufinefs of the fociety was fo coníiderably increafed of late years, and the correfpondence fo exteníive, that the grand fecretary could not execute the duties of his office without an affi∩ant; and the advantages of having an affiílant immediately appointed being obvious, Refolved, That a deputy, or affiftant fecretary, be appointed, and that he be allowed a falary in proportion to the Iabour of the faid

office.

<0raπfc

ROBERT

LORD

PETRE,

G. M.

3ιr

(8>tiltlfr ILüílíJC, at Free-mafons’ tavern, Great Queen-ftreet, Lin- A. D. coln’s-Inn Fields, April 28. Prefent, Lord Petre, grand mafter; Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy grand mafter; John Hatch, Efq. as fenior grand warden ; Henry Dagge, Efq. as júnior grand warden; feveral paft grand officers ; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer ; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary j John Derwas, grand fword-bearer ; the mafter, wardens, and affiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of fifty-ftx regular lodges.

Reíolved, that the foundation-ftone of the hall be Iaid on Monday the firft day of Nfay next, and that fuch brethren as fha.ll attend at the cercmony fhall be at Iiberty to proceed from Free-mafons’ cofleehoufe, in Great Queen-ftreet, to Leatherfellers’ hall, St. Helen’s, in proceffion, in gentlemen’s carriages; but that no hackney-coaches be admitted in fuch proceftion, ñor any infignia of the order publicly expofed.

The Hon. Thomas Noel, now Lord Vifcount Wentworth, having refigned the office of fenior grand warden, the grand mafter appointed John Hatch, Efq. fenior grand warden, in his room; and Henry Dagge, Efq. to be júnior grand warden, in the room of John Hatch, Efq» preferred.

The deputy grand mafter propofed Lord Petre to be continued for the year enfuing, which being generally approved, his Lordíhip was declared grand mafter cledt, and received the ufual compliments on the occafion.

Eighteen lodges not having contributed to the charity within twelve months, agreeably to the laws, or given any fatisfaólory excufe for the αmiftion, though duly apprifed thereof,ι were erazed out of the lift. <0ra∏l) L∙OiJtJt, in ampie form at Free-mafons’ tavern, Great Queen-ftreet,. Lincoln’s-fnn Fields, May 1.

Prefent, Lord Petre, grand mafter; Rowland Holt, Efq. deputygrand mafter; John Hatch, and Henry Dagge, Efqrs. grand wardens; John Croft, Efq. and Sir Peter Parker, Knt. paft fenior grand wardens; Henry Jaffray, Williarii

312

ROBERT

LORD

P E T R E,

G.M.

liam Hodgfon, and William Atkinfon, Efqrs. pafl júnior grand wardens; Thomas Dunckerley, Efq. provincial grand mafler for Hants; John Alien, Efq. provincial grand mafler for Lancafhire; Thomas Parker, Efq. provincial grand mafler for Surrey ; Francis Minfhull, Efq. provincial grand mafler for Suflex; Charles Frederick, Efq. provincial grand mafler for Kent; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; John Derwas, grand fwordbearer; the twelve ftewards, and the maflers and wardens of feveral lodges, with a number ofother brethren of eminence and diflinélion.

This day being appointed for the ceremony of laying the foundationftone of the new hall for the ufe of the fociety, the grand officers and brethren aflembled at Free-mafons’ coffeehoufe, at ten o’clock in the forenoon. At eleven, the grand mafler, preceded by the other grand officers, flewards, and maflers and wardens of lodges, with an elegant band of mufle, entered the ground where the hall was to be built, in proceffion ; when, an oration being delivered, and an anthem fung, the foundation-ftone was laid, according to antient ufage,* amidft the acclamations of a croud of fpeélators. The brethren then proceedcd to Leatherfellers’ hall in their carriages, in proceflion.

3JiΓc∏ρ * Ceremony at laying the Foundation∙ Stone.

The grand mafler, bis officers, and the brethren entered the ground in the following order of proceffion : Two tylers, with drawn fwords, to clear the way, Mufle, Brethren not in office, two and two, Grand ft⅜wards, two and two, Provincial grand maflers, juniors walking firft, Pafl grand officers, juniors walking firft, Prefent grand officers.

After the proceffion had marched three times round the ground in this form, the grand officers, preceded by Thomas Sandby, Efq. the architeél, entered a trench made for the occafion, and proceeded to the north’-eaft comer.

The grand fecretary then read the infcriptloñ on a píate, which was to be depofited in the foundation ftone, as follows :

ANNO

ROBE RT

LORD

P E T R E,

G. M.

3^3

2t(ΓemW and fftílít, at Leatherfellers’ hall, Great St. Helen’s, May 1. Prefent, Lord Petre, grand mafter; with the other grand officers, grand ftewards, and mafters, wardens, and brethren of many reípeétable lodges.

On ANNO REGNI GEORGTI TERTII QUINDECIMO, SALUTIS HUMANE, MDCCLXXV. MENSIS MAII ‘DIE PRIMO, HUNC PRIMUM LAPIDEM, AULE Latomorum, (ANGLICE, FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS) POSUERIT, UONORATISSIMUS ROB. EDV. DOM. PETRE, BARO PETRE, DE WRETTLE, SUMMUS LATOMORUM ANGLIE MAGISTER ; ASSIDENTIBUS VIRO ORNATISSIMO ROWLANDO HOLT, ARMIGERO, SUMMI MAGISTRI DEPUTATO; VIRIS ORNATISS1MIS JOH. HATCH ET HEN. DAGGE, SUMMIS GUBERNATORIBUS; PLENOQUE CORAM FRATRUM CONCURSU ; QUO ETIAM TEMPORE REGUM, PRINCIPIUMQUE VIRORUM FAVORE, ST.UDIOQUE SUSTENTATUM—MAXIMOS PER EUROPAM HONORES ÓCCUPAVERAT NOMEN LATOMORUM, -CU.I INSUPER NOMINI SUMMUM ANGLIECONVENTUM PREESSEFECERAT UNIVERSA FRATRUM PER ORBEM MULT1TUD0, E COELO DESCENDIT. J-NΩΘI ΣEAYXOV.

A tranftation of the above infcription being read by the grand fecretary, the grand mafter depofited the foundation-ftone.

The deputy grand mafter then prefented the fquare to the grand mafter, who therewith tried the carners of the ftone, and returned it to the deputy, who gave it to the archite<ft∙ The fenior grand warden -prefented the level to the grand mafter, who theretvith tried the ftone horizontally, and returned it as before.

The júnior grand warden prefented the plumb-rule to the grand mafter, who applied it properly, and then returned it as before.

The grand mafter then ftruck the ftone with a mallet three times ; upon which the .grand treafurer waved his wand, and the grand honours were given.

S s

The

A. D.

ROBERT

LORD

PETRE,

G.M.

On the arrival of the grand officers at the hall, they were condu<fted into a prívate room, where the mafters and wardens of lodges were fummoned to attend, when Lord Petre was re-eleóicd grand mafter for the enfuing year.

After dinner the ufual proceffions were made round the hall, and “his Lordíhip being proclaimed grand mafter of mafons, was inftalled, and re-invefted with the enfigns of his high office. After whích the grand mafter was pleafed to appoint, Rowland Holt, Efq. dcputy grand mafter, Thomas Parker, Efq. 'l

John Hull, Efq.

j Srand wardens>

James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary, Francis Johnfton, grand fword-bearer.

The office of grand chaplain which had been difcontinued for fevcral years, was this day revived ; and the grand mafter was pleafed to appoint the Rev. William Dodd, LL. D. to be grand chaplain for the enfuing year. a.d.

,775∙

√5rantJ Soajjt, at Free-mafons* hall, November 24.

Prefént, Rowland Holt, Efq. as grand mafter; Thomas Parker, Efq. as deputy grand mafter; John Hull, Efq. as fenior grand warden; John Croft, Efq. as The grand mañer having depofited the infcription, the grand treafurer waved his wand, and the grand honours were repeated.

An anthem written for the occafion was then fung, with a grand chorus.

After which an oration was delivered by Brother James Bottomiey, of the ftewards’ lodge.

The grand treafurer then waved his wand a third time, and the grand honours were again repeated.

A grand piece of folemn muñe was then performed, and the free-mafons’ ode pronounced.

The proceffion was next refumed, and continued round theground three times, as at «ntrance, after which the brethren repaired to their carriages.

R O B E R T

LORD

P E T R E,

G. M.

3’5

as júnior grand warden; feveral former grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hcfeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; John Derwas, as grand fword-bearcr ; the maíter, wardens, and afllftants of the flewards’ lodge; and the maílers and wardens of iixty-onc regular lodges.

Brother Berkeley was unanimouíly re-cle&cd grand treafurer for the cnfuing year.

The grand fecretary reported, that a confiderable number of the laft edition of the book of Coníb’tutions remained undifpofed of, and that the fale decreafed daily, by reafon that many laws and regulations of great importance, which had taken place lince the publication of that edi­ ción, were not infertcd therein.

In order, therefore, to make known thefe laws to the fociety, and to increafe the fale of the bookof Conftitutions, it was refolvcd, That an appendíx to that book be publifhed, containing the principal proceedings of the grand lodge, lince the publication of the laft edition ; and that the fame be annexed to the copies which now remain unfold in the grand fecretary’s pofleíTion.

The grand fecretary informed the grand lodge, that a Free-mafon’s Calendar for 1775 and 1776, had been publifhed by the Company of Stationers without the fanélion of the fociety; and that as he apprehended a publication of that kind, properly authorized, would be acceptable to the fraternity, and might be beneficial to the charity, he moved, That a Free-mafon’s calendar, under fan&ion of the grand lodge, be publifhed, in oppofition to that publifhed by the Stationers’ Company; and that the profits of fuch publication be appropriated to the general fund of the fociety. This motionbeing feconded, the queftion was put, and it pafled in the aflirmative. The farther coníideration of this bufinefs was referred to the hall committee.

. <Ol'ΛΓltl ‰ilgCj ^at Free-mafons’ hall, February 14th.

Prefent, Rowland Holt, Efq. as grand mafter ; Thomas Parker, Efq. as deputy grand mafter; John Hull, Efq. as fenior grand warden; John Croft, Efq. Ss 2 as

A D > 776-

3t6

ROBERT

LORD

PETRE,

G. M.

as júnior grand warden ; feveral former grand ofliccrs; Rowland Bcr— keley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary;Rev. William Dodd, LL D. grand chaplain ; Francis Johnflon, grand fwordbearer; the mafter, warden®, and afíiflants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the maflers and wardens of fixty-onc regular lodges.

It being reprefented, that deferring the publication of the book of Conflitutions, till after the enfuing grand feaft, would be a means of rendering it more compleat, Refolved, That the publication be deferred accordingly; and that the proceedings, previous to and at the faid feaft, be inferted therein.

A. D. <2>rani) íHotlíJC, at Frec-mafons’ hall, ApriΓ 24tħ. Prefent, Lord j^76' Petre, grand mafter; Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy grand mafter; Tilo­

mas Paiker, Efq. fenior grand warden; John Hull, Efq. júnior grand warden ; feveral’. paft grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer ; Rev. William Dodd, LL. D. grand chaplain ; Francis Johnfton, grand fword-bearer ; the mafter, wardens, and afíiflants of the flewards’ lodge ; with the maflers and wardens of fifty-four lodges.

Two lodges, which had ceafed to meet; and negleóled to conform to the laws, were erazed out of the lifl; Ordered, That the lodge, No. 68, held at the Globe in Titchfield ñreet, lately erazed out of the lifl of lodges, be re-inflated..

The grand fecretary, pro tempore, informed the grand lodge, that Lord Petre had generoufly fubferibed at the laft hall committee 200/. more, toward the compléating the hall.

Ordered, That the public thanks of this fociety be given to his lordíhip for his liberal fubfeription, and- for his fteady attachment to the order.

His lordíhip was then propofed to be continued grand mafler, which met with unanimous approbation. He was accordingly declared grand mafter eleéf, and received the conpliments of the grand lodge on the occafion.

Refolved,

R O B E R T

LORD'

P E T R E,

G. M.

Refolved, That a liíl be publifhed of all the Iodges which had contributed to the fund for building a hall, with an account of their feveral fubfcriptions, and likewífe of the voluntary contributions of tile brethren who had encouraged the undertaking; Ordered, That the hall be dedicated on Thurfday the 23d of May. next..

√3ΓΛ!lil 3Ltri)gC, ín ampie forra, at Free-mafons’ hall, May 23d.

Prcfenr, Lord Pctre, grand maíler; Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy grand maíler; Tilomas Parker, and John Hull, Efqrs. grand wardens; Sir Watk'in Williáms Wynne, bart. John Croft, and John Hatch, Eíqrs. paíl fenior grand wardens; Henry JafFray, Charles Taylor, William Hodgfon, William Atkinfon, Efqrs. paíl júnior grand wardens ; the Horr. Robert Boyle Walfingham, provincial grand maíler for Rutland; John Alien, Eíq. provincial grand maíler for Lancaíhire ; John Jofeph de Vignoles,. Efq. provincial grand maíler for foreign Iodges Tilomas Dunckerley, Efq. provincial grand maíler for EfTex; Edmund Pafcal, Efq. provincial grand maíler for Aladras; Lord Charles Momague, provincial grand maíler for Hánts; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treaíiirer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary ; the Rev. William Dodd, LL. D. grand chaplain; Tilomas Sandby, Efq. grand architeói; Francis Johnllon, grand fword-bearcr ; the maíler, wardens, and affiílants of the ílewardsTodge ; the members of the hall committee, and their aíliílants ; and the maílers and wardéns of feveral Iodges; with a number of other eminent and reípeélable brethren.

This day being appointed for the ceremony of dedicating the hall, the grand maíler was pleafed to honour Thomas Sandby, Efq. who defigned that building, with the titlé of grand architeól to the focicty.

The prefent grand officers, and a.numerous and brilliant company of paíl grand officers, and other brethren of eminence and diílinélion, affembled in the committee-room, adjacent to the hall, where the grand

A. D.

¿¿8 A. D.

RO BE R T

P E T R E,

LORD

G. M.

grand lódgc was opencd in ampie form. About half pa∩ twelve o’clock, the proceílion entercó the hall,,f vvhen thc ufual ceremonies beingobícrv’cd, an exordium on mafonry,. not- lefs inflruélíve tlian elegant, . .

' s

.

'

√

was

⅛ Upward of 160 ladies were admitted into the gaíleries of the hall. In the upper part an orcheftra was built, where above 6o inftrutnental and 30 vocal performers were placed. The mafters and wardens of lodges, and prívate brethren, were arranged in particular feats fet apart for their reception. The proceílion was formed in the committee-room, and conflfted only of prefent and pal! grand officers, grand ftewards, members of the hall committee and their afliftants, and the mafters of the feven oldeft lodges prefent.—About half paft 12 o’clock, the proceílion entered the hall in the following order : Grand tyler, with a drawn fword.—Four tylers carrying the lodge covered with wliite fatin.—Mafter of the feventh lodge, carrying 2 íilver pitchers, containing wine and oil.—The mafter of the 6th lodge, carrying a gold pitchcr, containing corn.—Af­ fiftants to the hall committee, with white rods, two and two.—Members of the hall committee, who were not grand officers, two and two.—The brethren from the lodge of Alfred in Oxford, jn their academical drefs, twτo and two.—Grand ftewards, two and two.—The firft light carried by the mafter of the 4th lodge.—Wardens of the ftewards’lodge.—Mafter of the ftewards’ lodge.—Paft grand fword-bearer.—Architeñ, carrying fquare, level, and plumb-rule.—Mafter of the 5ιh lodge, carrying the Bible, compaífes, and fquare, 011 a velvet cuíhion.—Grand chaplain.—Grand fecretary with the bag.—Grand treafurer, with the ftafF.—Provincial grand mafters, juniors walking firft.—The fecond light, carried by the mafter of the 3d lodge.—Paft júnior grand wardens, juniors walking firft.—Paft fenior grand wardens, juniors walking firft.—The third light, carried by the mafter of the 2d lodge.—Júnior grand warden. — Sénior grand warden.—Deputy grand mafter.—Mafter of the fenior lodge, carrying thebookof Conftitutions.—Grand fword-bearer, carrying the fword of ftate.

—Grand Mafter.

On tfte proceílion reaching the grand mafter’s chair, the brethren who formed the proceflion were proclaimed, and from that ftation walked round the hall three times; then the prefent grand officers repaired to their feats on a platform at the upper part of the hall, and the other grand officers to the upper part of the front feats on each fide of the lodge ; and the grand ftewards and members of the hall committee to the lower part of the fame feats. Immediately on the grand mafter being proclaimed, the mufic began to play, and contin'ued to perform a grand piece till all the members in the proceffion were feated.—The lodge was then placed in the centre of the hall, and the

ROBERT

LORD

PE TRE, G. M.

was given by tbe grand fecretary, and an excellent oration fuitable to the occafion, ddivered by the grand chaplain. The hall being dedicated in folemn form to masonry, virtue, universal charity and tlie three lights, with the gold and filver pitchers, containing the corn, wíne, and oil, were placed thereon ; the Bible, compaffes, fquare and book of Conñitutions, on a velvet cuíhion, being placed on the pedeftal.—The foundation-ftone anthem * was fung; and an exordium on mafonry given by the grand fecretary; concludíng with an intiination of the architeft’s defire to return the implements intrufted to his care at laying the foundation-ftone ; on which the archite<ft addrefied the grand mañer, who expreífed his approbatiort of the architeíl’s conduft, and commanded the grand officers to receive back the implements which had been delivered at laying the founda— tion-ftone.—A folemn piece of mufle was next performed, during which the ladies withdrew to tea and coffee, and fuch of the mufleians who were not mafons alfo retired.—The grand mafter then ordered the hall to be tyled ; on which the lodge was uncovered, and the grand fecretary informed the grand mañer, that it was the defire of the focicty to have the hall dedicated to mafonry ; on which the grand mafter commanded his officers to aflift in that ceremony, the organ ir.eanwhile playing folemn mufle. The grand officers then walked round the lodge in proceffion three times, ftopping each time for the ceremony of dedication.—At the end of the firft proceffion, the organ was filent, and tbe grand mañer declarad in folemn form the hall dedicated to Mafonry, which being proclaimcd by the grand fecretary, the grand honours were given.—At the end of the fecond proceffion, the organ was filent, and the grand mafter in folemn form declarad the hall dedicated to Virtue ; which being proclaimed, the grand honours were given as before.—At the end of the third pro­ ceffion, the organ was filent, and the grand mafter’in folemn form declared the hall dedicated to Univerfal Charity and Benevolence; which being proclaimed, the grand honours were given as before.—The lodge was then covered, and the ladies introduced, amidft the acclamafions of the brethren.—A grand anthem, * compofed for the occafion, was fung by Mr. Hudfon of St. Paul’s, and others. An oration on mafonry was then dplivered by tbe grand chaplain, and the coronation anthem per­ formed ; after which donations from feveral refpe<ftable brethren were proclaimed.— A new ode, * written by a member of the Royal Alfred lodge at Oxford, and fet to mufle by Mr. Fiflier, was performed ; then the proceffion was refumed, and tnarched round the hall three times, preceded by tylers carrying the lodge as at entrance, dur­ ing which the mufic continued to play a grand piece.—The proceffion being returned to the committee-room, the grand lodge was clofed in ampie form. * See tlie end of ιlις rol.

519

320 ’—l—

ROBERT

LORD

PETRE,

G.M.

and benevolente, the brethren exprefled their zeal by loud acclamations, and liberal donations. After a ncw ode, written and fet ta mufle for the occafion, had been performed, the proceffion was refumed, and returned to the committee-room, whe.re the grand lodge was clofed in ampie form. Λ. £.

1776.

2lffrmWp and jFCclil at Free-mafons’ hall, June 3. Prefent, Lord Petrc, grand mafter; Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy grand mafter; Thomas Parker, Eíq. and John Hull, Efq. grand wardens; fevera.1 paft grand officers ; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer ; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary ; the Rev. William Dodd, LL. D. grand chaplain; Thonras Sandby, Efq. grand architeól; Francis Johnfton, grand fword-bearer; the twelve ftewards ; the mafters and wardens of fevcral lodges; with a numerous company of brethren of diftinclion.

The grand lodge was opened in ampie form in the committee-room, where Lord Petre was unanimoüfly re-eleóied grand mafter for the enfning year. The grand officers, preceded by tylers, mufle, and ftewards, then entered the hall in proceffion,- and after marching round, according to antient ufage, the grand mafter took the chair, amidft the acclamations of the brethren.

After dinner the fecond proceffion was made round the hall, and on the grand mafter’s taking the chair, his lordffiip reíigned his badge of office, and being proclaimed grand mafter of mafons for the enfuing year, was re-invefted, and inftalled with the ufual ceremonies.

His lordíhip then appointed Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy grand mafter, Col. John Dcaken, George Harrifon, Efq. James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary, The Rev. William Dodd, LL. D. grand chaplain, Thomas Sandby, Efq. grand architecft, Francis Johnfton, grand fword-bearer.

robert lord petre, g. m.

'■—M--- ,

<5ta∏i) i3Ltibζp, at Free-mafons’ hall, Nov. 13. Prefent, Row- a. D. land Holt, Efq. as grand mafler; George Harrifon, Efq. as deputy i776∙ grand mafler; John Croft, Efq. as fenior grand warden; Thomas Parker, Efq. as júnior grand warden; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; Francis Johnfloñ, grand fword-bearer ; the mafler, wardens, and afíiftants of the flewards’ lodge; with the maflers and wardens of feventy regular lodges.

The grand treafurer’s accotints were pafled; and he was re-eleóled for the enfuing year.

The íodge, No. 92, at the BuII in High-flreet, Briflol, which was erazed in 1775, was ordered to be re-inftated.

Five lodges having ceafed to meet, or neglccled to Gonform to the laws, were erazed. ©táttD Hoijfjc, at Free-mafons’ hall, February 5. Prefent, Row- A. D. land Holt, Efq. as grand mafler; Col. John Deaken, as deputy grand mafler ; George Harrifon, Efq. as fenior grand warden; John Croft, Efq. as júnior grand warden; feveral former grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer.; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; Richard Barker, Efq. mafler -of the flewards’ lodge, as grand fword-bearer ; the mafler, temp. wardens, and afliftants of the ftewards, lodge; with the maflers and wardens of fifty-fivc re­ gular lodges.

Refolved, on the motion of the grand fecretary, That an extraordinary grand lodge, confifling of the grand and pafl grand othcers, as ufualj the mafler, &c. of the flewards’ lodge, with the maílers of all regular lodges, be held on April 7, ncxt, to take into confideratión the proper modc of difcouraging and fupprefling the irregular aflém,blies of perfons calling themfelves antieiÚ mafons; * and alfo, of raifing the fees for conílituting new lodges, and the fces of initiation into * Sre psge 239, note.

Tt

Tbc

ROBERT LORD

322

.

P E T R E,

G. M.

The mcthod of calling over the lift of Iodges, at the quarterly communication, in order to receive their contributions to the general fund of charity, having been found, not only tedious on account of their number, but an encroachment on the other bufinefs of the grand lodgc, and attended with many inconveniencies; a plan propofedby Brothcr James Bottomley, and approved at the committee of charity, for the better conduóling thefe contributions, was now ofíéred to the brethren, and adopted in the form cxprefíed by Art. XXXII. under the regulations of the committee of charity.

Brother Gahagan, from the lodge at Trichinopoly, near Madrasκ attended, with a donation of 10Z. to the charity: he reported that the eldeft fon of the Nabob of the Carnatic had been initiated into mafonry there, and profefíed a great veneration for the fociety : Refolved, That a complimentary letter be fent to him on the occafion, accompanied with the prefent of a blue apron elegantly decorated, and a book of Conftitutions, bound in the moft fuperb manner.

Fifteen Iodges were erazed for ceafing to meet, or negle&ing to> conform to the laws.

Λ. D. j777∙

<0ra∏iJ Sθb(JC Extraordinary, at Free-mafons’ hall, April 7.

Prefent, Rowland Holt, Efq. as grand mafler; Col. John Deaken, asdeputy grand mafter; Gcorge Harrifon, Efq. as fenior grand warden^ William Hodgfon, Efq-. as júnior grand warden; fome former grand officers√ Rowland Berkelcy, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; Richard Barker, Eíq. mafter of the ftewards’ lodge, as grand fword-bearer ; the mafter, -pro temp. wardens, and afliftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters of feventy-five regular Iodges.

The grand fecretary informed the brethren, that the intention of calling this extraordinary lodge, was to take into coníideration a report from the hall committee, concerning the proper means of difcouraging the irregular aflemblies of perfons calling thenifelves antient. mafons;

R OB E RT

LORD

P E T R E,

G. M.

mafons; and for fupporting the dignity of the fociety, by advancing the fees of initiation, and the fees of new con∩itutions, or the revivid of oíd ones.

The report being read, the following refolution was palTed, •That it is the opinión of this grand lodge, that the perfons calling themfelves antient mafons, and now afíembling in England, or elfewhere, under the patronage of the Duke of Athol, are not to be conftdered as mafons; ñor are their meetings to be countcnanced or acknowledged by -any lodge or mafon aéling under our authority.

But that this cenfure fhall not extend to any mafon who íhall produce a certifícate, or give other fatisfaéiory proof of his having been made a mafon in a regular lodge under the conílitution of Scotland, Ireland, or any foreign grand lodge in alliancc with the grand lodge of England.

An advance in the fees for the grant or revival of conñitutions, and for the initiation of mafons, was then agreed to; the particulars of which are incorporated among the regulations at the end of the volume, under the proper heads.

On a reprefentation that the Rev. William Dodd, LL. D. grand chaplain, had been conviéted of forgery, and was confined in Newgate, he was unanimoufíy expelled the fociety.

<S>ΓΛ11lI Lθi)lJC, at Free-mafons’ hall, April 18.

Prefent, Lord A. D. Petre, grand mafter; Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy grand mafter; ’777' Col. John Deakerr, fenior grand warden ; George Harrifon, Efq. júnior grand warden; feveral former grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; Thomas Sandby, Efq. grand architeét; Richard Barker, Efq. mafler of the ftewards’ lodge, as grand fword-bearer; the mafter, pro temp. wardens, and aífiñants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and vvardens of eighty-three regular lodges.

This being the time of nominating a grand mañer for the enfuing year, the grand ma∩er propofed the moñ noble George Duke of Tt 2 Man-

P4j

GEORGE DUKE OF MANCHESTER, G. M: Mancheftcr, for his fuccefibrwho being unanimouíly approved, was declared grand mafter eleóL

A. D. ,777∙

¿LfiCttlblp and jptatft, at Free-mafons’ hall, May i.

Prefent, Lord Petre, grand mafter; the Duke of Manchefter, grand mafter • eleét.; Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy grand mafter; CoL John Deakcn, fenior grand warden; George Harrifon, Efq. júnior grand. warden; feveral of the late grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hcfeltine, . Eíq. grand fecretary;. Thomas Sandby,.

Efq. grand architeól; Mr. Francis Johnfton, grand fwoid-bearer twelve ftewards; the maflers and wardens of feveral lodges; with many other brcthren of diftinótion.

On the arrival of the grand oftrcers, they were condu&ed by the ftewards into the committee-room, whither the attendance of the mafters and wardens of lodges being deíired, the grand lodge was opened in ampie form, and the minutes of lañ grand lodge were read and'confirmed.

The Duke of Manchefter was then proclaimed grand mafter ofi mafons for the enfuing year.

Dinner being over, the procefiion round the hall took place, ins conformity with antient ufage. After which Lord Petre, in the rooft polite terms, returned thanks for the honours he had received in the fociety, and aflurcd the brethren of his attachment to its inteιcfts..

His lordfhip then inveftcd the Duke of Manchefter with the enligas of his office as grand mafter, and refigned the chair to his Gracc, who was then faluted as grand mafter of mafons. The. new grand maftcí, appointed Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy grand mafter, Captain Michael Henry Pafcal,'∣ Jóhn Alien, Efq. J ≡rand James Hefeltine, Eíq. grand fecretary, Francis Johnfton, grand íword-bcarer.

<5ranδ

GEORGE DUKE OF MANCHESTER, G. M.

325

<5ra∏tl 3lθι)0iCj at Free-mafons’ hall, November 12th.

Prefent, A. D. John Alien, Efq. as grand mafter,∙ John Croft, Efq. as deputy grand 1'77* mafter; Thomas Parker, Efq. as fenior grand warden ; William Atkinfon, Efq, as júnior grand warden ; feveral former grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Eíq, grand treafúrer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary ; Richard Barker, Efq. mafter of the ftewards’ lodge, as grand fword-bearerthe mafter, pro tempere, wardens, and affiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of fixty-four k>dges.

A letter from the lodge, No. 1, atHalifax in Nova Scotia, received By the committec of charity, ftating the diftrefíed íituation of many mafons there, on account of the- American rebellion, and earneftly praying relief, was referred to this grand lodge by the committee, with the recommendation of a grant of 1001. for their relief; which fum was voted accordingly.

The grand. treafurer’s accounts were paftéd, and he was re-eleéled..

The Sarum lodge,No. 47, at Saliíbury, erazed laft February for nonconformity to the laws, was, upon proper application, now reinftated.

<fi'>f*XIli> iLθδΓJT. at Free-mafons’ hall, February 4th.

Prefent, ¿ p Rowland Holt, Eíq. as grand mafter; Michael Henry Pafcal, Eíq. as 177^∙ deputy grand mafter; John Alien, Efq. as fenior grand warden; William Hodgfon, Efq. as júnior grand warden; feveral late grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Heieitine, Efq. grand fecretary; James Bottomley, grand fword-bearer; the maf­ ter, wardens, and affiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of fixty-three regular lodges.

The ufual bufinefs refpetfting the general charity, and other matters being tranfaeicd, the lodge was clofed.

<0tftΓliJ ¾0iJ(JΓ, at Free-mafons’ hall, April Sth.

Prefent, the Duke of Manchefter, grand mafter; Rowland Holt, efq. deputy grand mafter; Michael Henry Pafcal, Efq. fenior grand warden; John Alien,

Efq.

26

GEORGE DUI<E OF MANCHESTER, G. M. Efq. júnior grand warden; the Earl of EHingham; feveral former grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltinc, Efq. grand fecretary; Thomas Sandby, Efq. grand architeéf; James Bottomlcy, grand fword-bcarer; the mafler, wardens, and affiftants of the fícwards’ iodge; with the mafters and wardens of íixty-two regu­ lar lodges.

On the complaint of Erother Dunckerly, fuperintendant over the lodges in Wiltíhire and Dorfetíhirc, the Iodge held at Devizcs was fíruck out of the liít of lodges for contempt.

This being the regular time for the elección of a grand mafíer for the enfuing ycar, the deputy grand mafíer propofed the Duke of Manchefíer to be continued in the chair; which motion paffed unanimouíly with every poffible mark of refpeét, and his Grace was faluted accordingly.

The grand fecretary reported, that the grand mafíer had lately convened the prefent and paft grand officers, at the Thatched-Houfe Tavern in St. James’s ftreet, for the purpofe of conftdering the fíate of the hall fund, and to concert means for difeharging the debí due thereon ; and alfo to confider of providing the grand mafíer and his officers with cloathing fuitable to the dignity and fplendor of the grand Iodge.

That at this meeting his Grace propofed, that letters íhould be fent to all the lodges in England as foon as poffible, and to thofe abroad as conveniency offered, acquainting them with the prefent fíate of the debt on the hall account, and with the average fum that would difcharge the fame by fubfeription, together with the fums that particular lodges had already fubferibed, and to requeft their affiftance; at the fame time to intímate, that if 2000/. could be now raifed, no further fubferiptions would be wanted; that where provincial grand mafíers were appointed, their encouragement and fupport of this application íhould be defired.

Refolved, That this grand Iodge do approve of his Grace’s propofal, and that letters be fent accordingly.

At

GEORGE DUKE OF MANCHESTER, G. M.

327

At the abovementioned meeting it was alfo propofed, that in confi*deration of the flouriíhing ftate of this fociety, the elegance of the new hall, and in order to render the appearance of the aífembly adequate to the ftrufture in which all our public meetings are hereafter to be held; a robe of diftinétion íhould. be worne in the grand lodge for the future by the grand mafter and his officers, to be provided at their own expenee ; and that paft grand officers íhould be at liberty to wear a robe in like manner, if they think proper.

Refolved, That this grand lodge do approve of the propofal; and that the form and fort of the robes be fettled by the hall committee.

2(fΓcmbIp a∏d at Free-maíbns’ hall, April 29th. Prefent, A. D. the Duke of Manchefter, grand mafter; Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy 177s,

grand mafter; John Alien, Efq. as fenior grand warden ; John Croft, Efq. as júnior grand warden Lord Vifcount Wentworth ; the Earl of Effingham; the Duke Pignatellithe Marquis Gerardi de ChateauNeuf; feveral paft grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hcfeltine, Eíq. grand fecretary; Thomas Sandby, Efq. grand archite<ft ; James Bottomley, Efq. grand fword-bearer; the twelve ftewards;. the mafters and wardens of feveral lodges; with many other brethren of diftin<ftion..

On the arrival of the grand officers, they were condufted by the ftewards into the committee-room; where the mafters and wardens of lodges were defired to attend. The grand lodge was then opened in ampie form, and the minutes of the laft quarterly communication were read and confirmed.

The Duke of Manchefter was then re-eleóled, and proclaimed grand mafter of mafons for the enfuing year.

After dinner, the grand officers, ftewards, &rc. walked round the hall in proceffion, according to antient ufage; and then the grand mafter was inftalled in ampie form, and invefted with the enfigns of his high office. His woríhip appointed Rowland

GEORG'E DURE OF MANCHESTER, G. M. Rowland Holt, Elq. deputy grand mafter, Henry Dagge, Efq. ] CharlesMaríh, Efq.∫ ≡rand wardensJames Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary, James Bottomley, grand fword-bearer.

A. D. *778.

Ol*Λ∏il Hθi)(JC, at Free—mafons’ hall, November 4th. Prefent, Rowland Holt, Efq. as grand mafter; Charles Maríh, Efq. as deputy grand mafter; John Croft, Efq. as fenior grand warden; William Atkinfon, Efq. as júnior grand warden; Rowland Bcrkeley, Efq. grand treafurer ; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; James Bottomley, grand fword-bearer; the mafters, wardens, and affiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of Γιxty regular lodges.

On account of the abfence of Brother Berkeley, when his general accounts were to have been reported, the paffing of them, and the eleótion of treafurer were poftponed.

A. D. 1779.

<0CΛ∏t∣ 3lθU(JCj at Frce-mafons’ hall, February 3d. Prefent, the Duke of Manchefter, grand mafter; Rowland Holt, Elq. deputy grand grand mafter; William Atkinfon, Efq. as fenior grand warden; George Harrifon, Efq. as júnior grand warden; EarlFerrers; other late grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; James Bottomley, grand fword-bearer; the mafter, wardens, and affiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of fíxty-two lodges.

A reprefentation was made by the mafter and other brethren of the ftewards’ lodge, that it had been ufual of late for brethren who ferved the office of fteward, to negleót all attendance upon the ftewards’ lodge afterward as members; and when fummoned and called upon for their fubferiptions, to declare they never coníidered thcmfelves as members; whereby the fund of that lodge was greatly injured, their ■books

GEORGE DUKE OF MANCHESTER, G. M.

3a9

books and accounxs left in a very irregular ftate, and the aólual members much difgufted. To obvíate thefe complaints, a reíolution was made in the following terms ; Whereas it appears from the book of Conftitutions, to have been the invariable ufage of the fociety, to appoint the officers of the grand lodge from fuch brethrcn only who have ferved the office of grand fteward, Refolved, that in future, no brother be appointed a grand officer, until he íhall have ferved the office of fteward at a grand feaft ¡ ñor unlefs he be an acftual fubícribing member of the ftewards’ lodge at the time of his appointment.

The grand treafurer’s accounts were pafíed, and he was re-eleéled.

3lθtJiJC, at Free-mafons’ hall, April 7th.

Prefent, Hcnry β Dagge, Efq. as grand mafter; Charles Marfh, Efq. as deputy grand 1779. mafter; John Croft, Efq. as fenior grand warden; John Hatch, Efq. <as júnior grand warden; feveral paft grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurcr; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; James Bottomley, grand fword-bearer; the mafter, wardens, and afliftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of thirty-one regular lodges.

This being the ufual time for chufing a grand mafter for the enfuing year, the Duke of Manchefter was unanimoufly re-chofen, with every poíiible mark of approbation and refpeói. %(ΓCttXblp and JftAÍt, at Free-mafons' hall, April 29th. Prefent, the Duke of Manchefter, grand mafter ; the Duke of Beaufort, late grand. mafter; Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy grand mafter; Henry Dagge, Efq. fenior grand warden ; Charles Marfh, Efq. júnior grand warden; Earl Ferrers, late fenior grand warden; feveral other lato grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; Thomas Sandby, Efq. grand architetft; James Bottomley, grand fword-bearer;

U u

the

GEORGE DUKE OF MANCHESTER, G. NT. the twelve ftewards; the mafters and wardens of fevefal lodges; with many other brethren of diftinólion.

On the arrival of the grand officers, they were conduñed by the flewards into the committee-room, where the mafters and wardens of lodges being defired to attend, the grand. lodge was opened in antient form, and the minutes of the laft quarterly communication read and confirmed.

His Grace the Duke of Manchefter was then proclaimed grandmafter of mafons for the enfuing year.

Dinner being over, the grand officers,. flewards, &c. walked round the hall in proceffion ; after which the grand mafter was inftalled in ampie form, and re-invefted with the eníigns of his high office. His worffiip was pleafed to-appoint, Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy grand mafter,.

Lord Vifcount Tamworth, 7 George Hope, E⅛ J Srand wardens> James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary, James Bottomiey, grand fword-bearcr..

A. D. 1779∙

<8>t*Λ∏O LotJfJT Extraordinary, at Free-mafonsτ hall, June aiffi.

Prefent, George Hefie, Efq. as grand mafter; John Croft, Efq. as deputy grand mafter; Thomas Parker, Eíq. as fenior grand warden William Atkinfon, Efq. as júnior grand warden; other late grandofficers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer James Hefeltine,.

Efq. grand fecretary; James Bottomley, grand fword-bearer; the maf­ ter and other members of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of fifty-fix regular lodges.

This lodge was called tó take into confideration the refolutions of the hall committee reípeéhing the houfe in Great Queen-ftreet, the property of the fociety, and then in the occupation of Brother Brookes which Brother Reilly offered to take when Brother Brookes quitted ir, to enlarge his tavern and cofteehoufe.

The

GEORGE DUKE OF MANCHESTER, G..M.

33,’

The plan of alterations, and the terms propofed by the committee, and agreed to by Brother Reilly, being laid before the brethren, it was refolved, that this grand lodge doth approve of the proceedings of the hall committee, and that the committee be authorized to carry thein into execution with all poffible difpatch.

The grand fecretary then informed the brethren, that the hall comrnittee had alfo taken into confideration, and agreed upon a plan for raifing money to pay off the debt ftill remaining due to feveral tradefmen on the hall account, which they wiíhed to fubmit to the approbation of the grand lodge, to the following effeéf : That a fubfcription be entered into of a íum not leís than 25/. eacb, to be lent to the focicty without intereft, upon an engagement -of the grand lodge to pay off the debt in equal proportion, and at fuch times as the hall fund will admit; but that the grand lodge íhall be obliged to make a dividend whenever the caíh in hand will amount to 20 /.

•per cent. upon the money advanced.

That as a mark of diftinélion for the fervice thus rendered, by relieving the fociety from the annual payment of a large fum for intereft upon the prefent debt, each fubferiber íhall be complimented with a medal, of fuch form and valué as the grand lodge determine, with a motto fuitable to the occafion; and that the ñames of the fubferibers íhall be enrolled in the books of the grand lodge, as an honourable teftimony of their fervices; and if any lodge fhould fubferibe to this plan, a like medal íliall be prefented, to be ever after worne by the mafter for the time being.

This plan met with great approbation, and the thanks of the grand lodge were unanimouíly voted to the hall committee for their attention..^ to the interefts of the fociety. Thanks were alfo voted to the grand fecretary for his fervices. <Ota∏b tHθiJiJC, at Free-mafons’ hall, November 4th. Prefent, A. D. George HeíTe, Efq. as grand mafter; John Alien, Efq. as deputy grand 1 r'Uu 2 mafter;

GEORGE DÜKE OF MANCHESTER, G. M. mafter; William Atkinfon, Efq. as fenior grand warden; George Harrifon, Efq. as júnior grand warden; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand trcafurer ; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; James Bottomley, grand fword-bearer ; the mafter, wardens,. and aftiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with thc mafters and wardens of thirty-one regular lodges.

The ufual buíinefs being gone through, the treafurer was re-eletfted; and the laws for the contribution of lodges to the hall fund were ordered to be enforced.

A. D. 3780.

<5rrt∏i) COhíJC, at Free-mafons’ hall, February ad. Prefent,. the Duke of Manchefter, grand mafter ; Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy grand mafter; Thomas Parker, Efq. as fenior grand warden; William Hodgfon, Efq. as júnior grand warden j. féveral former grand ofiicers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer ; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; James Bottomley, grand fword-bearerthe mafter, war­ dens, and afíiftants of the ftewards’ lodge ; and the mafters and war­ dens of forty-two regular lodges.

The grand mafter laid before the brethren a letter in the Perfian language, inclofed in an elegant cover of cloth of gold, addrefied to the grand mafter and grand lodge of England, from his Highnefs Omdit ul Omrah Bahaudar, fon of the Nabob of Arcot; * a tranflation of. which was read to the brethren. As the good fenfe and warm fpirit of benevolénce that anímate the whole of this generous letter, muft be highly agreeable to every Engliíhman, and peculiarly fo to Englilh mafons, the tranflation of it.is inferted for their gratification. ♦ See page 322*

“■•Te

GEORGE DtTKE OF MANCHESTER, G. M. u To the Right Woríhipful his Grace the Duke of Mancheñer, ** Grand Mañer of the illuftrious and benevolent fociety of Free " and Accepted Mafons, undér the Conftitution of England, and “ the Grand Lodge thereof.. “ Múch honoured Sir and Brethren,.

“ AN* early knowΓedge and participation of the benefits arifing ro “ our houfe, from its intímate unión of councils and interefts, with the “ Britifh nation, and a deep veneration for the laws, conftitution and *t^ manners of the latter, have for many. years of my life led me to “ feize every opportunity of drawing the ties fubfifting between us ftill “ clofer and clofer.. “ By the accounts which have reached me, of the principies and “ pra&ices of your fraternity, nothing can be more pleaflng to the tt Sovereign Ruler of the univerfe, whom we all, though in different s£ vvays, adore, or more honourable to his creatures; for they ftand “ upon the broad bafis of indifcrimínate and univerfal benevolence. “ Under thís conviction I had long wiflled to be admitted of your “ fraternity; andnow that Γ am ínitiated, I confider the tíde of an “ Engliíh mafon, as one of the moft honourable that I poífefs; for∙ it “ is at once a cement to the friendíhip between your nation and me, “ and confirms me the friend of mankind; “ I have received from the advócate general of Bengal, Sir John tt Day, the very acceptable mark of attention and efteem with which “ you have favoured me: it has been prefented with every circum« Ranee of deference and refpeél, that the fituation of things here,. « and the temper of the times would admit of; and I do afliιre your « Grace, and the brethren at large, that he has done ampie juflice to “ the commiflionyou have confided to him, and has executed it in fuch “ manner, as to do honour to himfelf and me. *■' I íhall

333

334

GEORGE DUKE OF M ANCHEST ER, G. M.

“ I íhall avail myfelf of a proper opportunity to convince your *4 Grace, and the reft of the brethren, that Omdit ul Omrah is not an “ unfeeling brothcr, or heedlefs of the precepts he has imbibed; and “ that while he tefiifies his love and eíleem for his brethren, by “ ∩rengthening the bands of humanity, he means to miniñer to the .tc wants of the diftrcíTed. “ May the common Father of all, the one omnipotent and merciful “ God, take you into his holy keeping, andgiveyou health, peace, and “ length of years ; “ Prays your highly honoured, and affe&ionate brother,

« OMDIT UL OMRAH BAHAUDAR.” This letter, and the contents of it, were fo grateful to the brethren, that they unanimou∩y refolved, that a proper letter be written to his Highnefs, acknowledging the receipt of his letter, expreffing the high opinión the grand lodge entertains of his merits; and requefting a continuance of his friendíhip and protcélion to the mafonic inftitution.

That the tranílation of his letter be copied on vellum, and with the original be elegantly framed and glazed, and hung up in the grand lodge at every public meeting of this fociety.

That the thanks of this grand lodge be tranfmitted to Sir John Day, for the particular attention paid by him in cxecution of the commiflion with which he was entrufted to his Highnefs Omdit ul Omrah Bahaudar.

A.D. ,^8°∙

<5tftttb HolJíJC, at Free-mafons’ hall, April 12. Prefent, Rowland Holt, Efq. as grand mafter; William Atkinfon, Efq. as deputy grand mañer; George Harrifon, Efq. as fenior grand warden; John Alien, Efq. as júnior grand warden ; feveral former grand officers; Rowland Berkcley, Efq grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; James

GEORGE DUKE OF MANCHESTER, G. M.

335

"∙~v∙"-"

James Bóttoml'ey, grand fword-bearer ; the mafter, wardens, and affiftants of tbe ftewards* lodge; with the mafters and wardens of fiftyfour regular lodges.

This being the ufual time for eleéVmg a grand mafter, the Duke of Manchefter was unanimoufly re-chofen, with every mark of refpect.

Nine lodges within the bilis of mortality, and nine held in different parts of England, were erazed, for not having contributed to the gene­ ral fund of charity, according, to the laws of the fociety.

'2lfitnihlp and j∙rCΛft at Free-mafons’ hall, May ift. Prefent, the A. D. Duke of Manchefter, grand mafter; Rowland Holt, Eíq. deputy 1'δ"' grand mafter; Lord Vifcount Tamworth, fenior grand warden; George Hefíe, Efq. júnior grand warden; Earl Ferrers, and feveral other former grand officers ; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer ; James Hefeltifre, Efq. grand fecretary; ,Γhomas Sandby, Efq. grand architeél; James Bottomley, grand fword-bearer the twelve ftewards ½ the mafters and wardens of feveral lodges; with many other brethren of diftin<ftioni On the arrival of the grand officers, they were condu<fted by the ftewards into the committee-room, where the mafters and wardens of lodges being defired to attend, the grand lodge was opened in antient form, and the minutes of the laft quarterly communication were read and confirmed.

The Duke of Manchefter was then proclaimed grand mafter of mafons for the year enfuing.

After dinner the grand officers, ftewards, &c. walked round the hall in proceffion, according to antient tifage; and the grand mafter was then inftalled, and rc-invefted with the enfigns of his high office.

His Grace appointed Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy grand mafter, John Peach Hungerford, Efq. fenior grand warden; but upon declaring his. intcntion df áppointing Captain George Smitħ, then

336

GEORGE DUKE OF MANCHESTER, G.M. íhen provincial grand mafter for the county of Kent, to be his júnior warden, the grand fecretary obje&ed, that his being a provincial grand mafter was a difqualification for ferving the office of grand warden. Captain Smith urged that there was no exprefs law declaring thofe two offices incompatible in the fame perfon ; and after feveral arguments, he offered to refign the provincial grand niafíeríhip, fhould the unión of both offices in the fame perfon be proved inconfiftent. The farther confideration of the fubje∙d⅛ was posponed, on account of this being a day of feñivity; and the objeótion being evaved, the grand mafter proceeded to appoint Captain George Smith, júnior grand warden, James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary, James Bottomley, grand fword bearer.

A. D. 1780.

<S>ratlb LoÍJgr, at Free-mafons’ hall, Nov. i. Prefenr, William Atkinfon, Efq. as grand mafter; George Harrifon, Efq. as deputy

grand mafter; John Alien, Efq. as fenior grand warden; Charles Marfil, Efq. as júnior grand warden; Rowland Berl<eley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. grand fecretary; William White, mafter of the ftcwards’ lodge, as grand fword-bearer; the mafter, pro temp. wardens, and affiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mañers and wardens of twenty-feven regular lodges.

A letter of refignation of the office of júnior warden having been rcccivcd by the grand fecretary from Captain Smith, on the plea of ill hcalth, the grand mafter appointed Theophilus Tompfon Tutt, Efq. júnior grand warden for the remainder of the year.

Though by this refignation the queftion refpeéiing the propriety of Captain Smith holding two offices in the grand lodge at one time no longer exifted, yet, to prevent any fuch difficulty arifing in future, the brethren refolved, That it is incompatible with the laws of this fociety, for any brother to hold more tban one office in the grand lodge at the fame time.

The

GEORGE DURE OF MANCH ESTER, G. M. The grand mafter having reprefented by letter to the grand fecretary, that for want of a power to beftow charity during the fummer recefs to real objeéis, many a worthy brother might be expofed to total ruin, where a fmall fum given at a prcffing moment, would be of more real fervice than a much larger donation at a diftant pcriod ; a refolution made in the committee of charity was now confirmcd, for holding an extraordinary committee in the fummer, folely for the purpofe of diftributing charity to deferving pctitioners, not exceeding 5/. to each. See the regυlations under Committee of charity.

Orí accoúnt of the great increafe of bufinefs in the fociety, it was refolved, that the grand mafter be impowered to appoint a joint grand fecrétary, with equal power and rank in the fociety. Upon which Brother Hcfeltine informed the brethren, that the grand mafter appointed Brother William Whitc to that office.

<S>rΛltfl ILOÍJ¡Jt, at Free-mafons’ hall, February 7. Prefent, Theo- a. D. philus Tompfon Tutt, Efq. as grand mafter; George Harrifon, Efq. as 178l∙ deputy grand mafter; John Frith, Efq. of the ftewards’ lodge, as fenior grand warden; G. W. Carrington, Efq. of ditto, as júnior grand wardpn ; fome former grand officers;∙ R-owland Berkelcyi-Efq. grand treafurer ; James Hcfeltine, Efq. and William White, grand fecretaries; James Bottomléy, grand fword-bearer; the mafter, wardens, and afiiftants pf the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of two regular lodges.

A requeft was received from the grand lodge of Gennany to be allowed a reprefentative in this grand lodge, that they-might, from tirηe to time, be informed óf the ftate of the fóciety • and that Brother John Leonhardi might be their reprefentative. This propofal being taken into coníideration by the grand lodge, was granted accordingly ; and Brother Leonhardi was allowed to take place next after the paft grand officers.

X x

Brother

33-8

G.EORGE DUKE OF MANCHES∙TER, G. M. Brother Birch, of the royal lodge, delivered a lettcr and thirty gold mohurs * from Charles Stafford Pleydell, Efq. provincial grand mafter of Bengal, which were ordered to be divided equally betwecn the charity and hall, funds.,

A. D. 1,781.

<É>tíUl£l 3lθt)gc, at Free-mafons’ hall, April 11. Prefent, Theophilus Tompfon Tutt, Efq. as grand mafter; William Hodgfon, Efq. as deputy grand mafter ; John Hull, Efq. as fenior grand warden; Wil­ liam Atkinfon, Efq. as júnior grand warden ; feveral late grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer.; James Hefeltine,. Efq. and.

William White, grand fecretaries; James Bottomley, grand fwordbearer;. the mafter, wardens, and affiftants of the ftewards’lodge;; with the mafters and wardens of thirty-nine lodges.

This being the regular night for the eleólion of a grand mafter,. the Duke of Manchefter was unanimoufly re-chofen, with every poftfible mark of approbation and refpetft.

2l(Γcmblπ and ^tα(l,.at Free-mafons’'hall, April 30.

Prefent, the Duke of Manchefter, grand mafter; Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy grand mafter; John Peach Hungerford, Efq. fenior grand warden;; Theophilus Tompfon Tutt, Efq. júnior grand warden; Lord Petre, Earl Ferrers, Lord Vifcount.Tamworth, and feveral otherfórmer grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Eíq. grand treafurer;, James Hefeltine,.

Efq. and William White, grand fecretaries ; James Bottomley, grande fword-bearer;. the twelve ftewards; the mafters and wardens of fe­ veral lodges; with many. other brethren of diftin<ftion.

On the arrival of the grand officers, they were conduíted by the ftewards into the committee-room, where the mafters and wardens-: were defired to attend, and the grand lodge being opened in amienta * 46/. 2X. 6√. fterling*.

forrn,

,GEORGE DURE OF MANCHESTER, G. M.

339

fbrm, the minutes of the laft quarterly communication were read for confirmation.

The Duke of Manchefter was then proclaimed grand mafter of mafons for the enfuing year.

After dinner the grand officers, ftewards, &c. walked round tlie hall in proceffion, according to antient ufage ; and then the grand mafter being inftalled in ampie form, was re-invefted with the enfigns of his high office. His Grace was pleafed to appoint Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy grand mafter, Sir John St. Aτιbyn, bart. j grand wardens, James Galloway, Efq. James Hefeltine, Efq. ■ grand fecrctaries, William White, James Bottomley, grand fword-bearer, The Rev. Sydney Swinney, D. D. grand chaplain.

<0ranb Uoijgc,

at Frec-mafons’ hall, Oólobcr 31.

Prefent, A. D. James Galloway, Efq. as grand mafter; William Atkinfon, Efq. as 1781. deputy grand mafter; Gcorgc Harrifon, Efq. as fonior grand warden ; John Frith, Efq. mafter of the ftcwards’ lodge, as júnior grand war­ den ; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer ; James Hefeltine, Efq. and William White, grand íecretaries; James Bottomley, grand fwordbearer ; the mafter, wardens, and aftlftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of thirty-five regular lodges.

Three lodges were erazed for having ceafed to meet, or for ncgleób'ng to conform to the laws of the fociety.

√5t,*Ulh Hθtl(JΓ, at Free-mafons’ hall, Fcbruary 6.

Prefent, Row­ A D. land Holt, Efq. as grand mafter; James Galloway, Efq. as deputy 1782. grand mafter ; William Atkinfon, Efq. as fenior grand warden ; George Harrifon, Efq. as júnior grand warden; feveral paft grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer 5 James Hefeltine, Efq. Xx 2 and

34<>∙

GEORGE DUKE 0F MANCHESTER, G. M. and W∏liam White,. grand fécretaries; James Bottomley, grand fword-bearer;. the mafter, wardens, and afliftants of the ftewards5' lodge; with the mafters and wardens of thirty-eight regular lodges.

The ufual current bufinefs was tranfaóted, and five lodges werc erazed for having ceafed to meet,.or for neglcéiing to conform to the laws of the fociety.

A. D. <2>Vil∏l) 3lθthJC, at Free-mafons’ hall, April io; Prefent, Row1-7δ2∙ land Holt, Efq. as grand mafter; James Galloway, Efq. as deputy grand mafter; John Hatch, Efq. as fenior grand. warden ; William Hodgfon, Efq. as júnior grand warden; Earl Ferrers, Lord Vifcount Tamworth, and other late grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. and William White, grand fecretaries; James Bottomley, grand fword-bearer; the mafter, wardens, and afliftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of forty-feven regular lodges.

It having been obferved that there was a profpeñ of eftabliíhing a correfpondence with the grand lodge of Scotland ; the brethren concurred in a refolution, that it be recommended to the grand mafter, to ufe every means which in his wifdom he may think proper, for promoting a correfpondence and good underftanding between this grand lodge, and the grand lodges of Scotland and Ireland, fo far as may be confiftent with the laws of this fociety.

This being the ufual time for eletfting a grand mafter, the grand fecretary read a letter from the Duke of Manchefter, by which his Grace propofed his Royal Highnefs the Duke of Cumberland to be grand mafter for the year enfuing, which motion was duly feconded..

Brother Prefton, of the ftewards’ lodge, then propofed Earl Ferrers to be grand máfter; which motion. was alfo duly feconded ■ on the queftion being put, the Duke of Cumberland was eleéted; by a very great majority, aecompanied with every poffible mark of approbation and rcfpeft. . ..................' √ •...

A mo-

HENRY FRED. DUKE OF CUMBERLAND, G. M.

341

A motion was then made by Brother Dagge, that whenever a prince of the blood did the fociety the honour tó accept the office of grand mafter, he ffiould be at liberty to nomínate any peer of the realm to be the a&ing grand mafter, * which pafíed unanimouíly in the affirmative.

Eive lodges were erazed from the lift; 4iΓcmbIp and at Free-mafons’ hall, May 1.

Prefent, A. D. the Duke of Mancheílcr, grand mafter; Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy 178z' grand mafter ; James Galloway, Efq. as fenior grand warden; John Croft, Efq. as júnior grand warden; Lord Petrc, the Earl of Effingham, Earl Ferrers, Lord Vifcount Tamworth, and other paft grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. and William White, grand fecretaries; James Bottomley, grand fword-bearer ; the twelve ftewards; the mafters and wardens of feveral lodges ; with many other brethren of diftin<ftion.

On the arrival of the grand officers, they were condu<fted by the ftewards into the committee-room, where the mafters and wardens of lodges being defired to attend, the grand lodge was opened in antient form, and the minutes of the laft quarterly communication were read and confirmed.

Henry Frederic Duke of Cumberland was then proclaimed grand. mafter of mafons for the year enfuing.

After dinner the grand officers, ftewards, &c. walked round the hall in proceffion, according to antient ufage.

The Duke of Manchefter then informed the brethren, that his Royal Highnefs, by virtue of the power vefted in him, had appointed the Earl of Effingham to be aéiing grand mafter for the enfuing year.

Accordingly, the Earl of Effingham, as proxy for the Duke of Cum* See page i 20⅛

berland?

342

HENRY FRED. DURE OF CUMBERLAND, G.M. berland, was inftalled in ampie form, and invefted with tlic enfigns of his high office.

The aóiing grand mafter tlien appointcd Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy grand mafter, Sir Herbert Mackworth, bart. j- grand wardens, Philip Crefpigny, Efq. James Hefeltine, Efq. j joint grand fecretaries, William White, James Bottomley, grand fword-bearer.

A. D. 1'

<5til∏i) 3lθbjJC, at Free—mafons’ hall, November 20.

Prefent, William Atkinfon, Efq. as grand mafter; George Harrifon, Efq. as

deputy grand mafter; Charles Maríh, Efq. as fenior grand warden; George William Carrington, Efq. mafter of the ftewards, lodge, as unior grand warden ; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. and William White, grand fccretaries; James Bot­ tomley, grand fword-bearer ; the mafter, wardens, and aftiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of forty-four re­ gular lodges.

The treafurer’s accounts were read and pafted, and he was re-eleéied for the year to come.

The grand fecretary reported to the brethren, that the books of Conftitutions were all fold; and it was refólved upon his motion, that a new edition íhould be publiíhed.

Refólved alfo, that the reprinting of the book of Conftitutions be left to the management of the hall committee.

Refólved, that a fpecial grand lodge, to coníift of the prefent and paft grand officers, with the mafters of lodges only, be held on the 8th of January next, to take into coníideration the ftate of the fociety’s finances, and the moft eligible means to be adopted for difchargtrrg the hall debts, and other bufinefs.

Seven

HENRY FRED. DURE OF CUMBERLAND, G. M. Seven loclges were erazed from the lift for having ceafed to meet, or to conform to the laws of the focicty. <δtΛΠi) ILüiStJt Extraordinary, at Free-mafons’ hall, Jan. 8. Prefenr, A. D. the Earl of Eflingham, añing grand mafter; Sir Peter Parker, bart. 1783-

as deputy grand mafter; Henry Dagge, Efq. as fenior grand warden ; John Hull, Efq. as júnior grand warden ; feveral paft grand officers j Rowland' Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. and William White, grand fecretaries; James Bottomley, grand fwordbearer; the mafter and treafurer of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters of fifty-two regular lodges.

The grand mafter opened the bufinefs to the brethren now met by ftating the prefent condition of the hall debt; and recommended to them the ufe of their beft endeavours to difcharge it without lofs of time. His Lordfhip particularly adverted to the loan of 25Z. each, * without intereft, as a laudable and proper plan for paying off this incumbrance, and fuch as merited every encouragement andfupport.

The mafters of the lodges prefent were then called over, for the purpofe of afcertaining as nearly as poflible the fentiments of thofe lodges on the plan of fubícription above-mentioned, whcn a very great majority of the members promifed, on the behalf of their lodges, thar their utmoft endeavours íhould be exerted to promote a plan fo beneficial to the fociety, and that they would give in their anfwers íhortly.

Refolutions were then unanimoufly pafíed on the motion of Brother Bottomley, the grand fword-bearer, that All thofe brothers, being mafter mafons, who already. have, orhereafter fhalζ become fubfcribers of the fum of 25-Z. as a loan, with­ out intereft, to the hall fund, according to the printed conditions of that loan, íhall be hcnceforth members of the grand lodge; and that * Sec p. 331..

a lift

344

HENRT FRED. DURE OF CUMBERLAND, G. M.

a lift of fuch fubfcribers íhall be rccorded in the new edition of thc book of Conftitutions now preparing. * That every lodge which has already fubfcribcd, or íhall bereafter fubfcribe, the üke fura of 25/. to thc hall fund, íhall llave the privilege of fending one of its members, being a mañer mafon, to every ftiture grand lodge, bcfidc the mañer and wardens, as reprefentatives of the lodge, until the money advanced is repaid.

That as it is fuppofed one hundred fubfcriptions, will, with other refources, be fuflicient for the purpofes intended, vvhen the number of fubfcriptions amounts to onc hundred, the fubfcription íhall be clofed.

That as fome brethren who have not arrived to the degree of mañer mafons, may fubfcribe to this fund; all fuch fubfcribers íhall be members of the grand lodge, when they become mañer mafons.

Brothcr James Sraith, mañer of the Tufcan lodge, then delivered thc following motion to the grand mañer, which pafíed unanimouíly in the aflirmative, That the debt of 1000Z. due from the hall to the charity fund, be annihilated; and that the intereñ thereon from henceforth ceafc.

Brother White, grand fecretary, next delivered to the grand mañer the following motions, which on being propofed, were alfo refolved unanimouíly in the aflirmative.

Refolved, (after a recital of the regulations made Odiober 28, 1768, and November 19, 1773, for raiíing a hall fnnd∙f) that to render thc íaid refolution of November 19, 1773, more produófive and beneficial to the fociety, it íhall from henceforth be ftriéíly enforced; and for that purpofe it is ordered, That no brother initiated lince Oófober 29, 1768, íhall be ap­ to the honour of wearing a blue or red apron, unlefs the * See the tables at the end of the volume. f See Part V. under that head.

HENRY FREI). DUKE OF CUMBERLAND, G. M. grand fecretary certifies that his ñame has been regiftered, and the fees paid.

That no brother initiated lince that time, (Rail be appointed mafter or warden of a lodge, or to attend at a committee of charity, or grand lodge, unlefs his ñame has been regiftered and the fees paid.

That every petitioner for charity, initiated íince that time, íhall fet forth in his petition, the lodge inwhich,. and the time when, he was made a maíbn; in order that the grand fecretary may certify by in— dorfement on the back of the petition, whether his ñame has been> regiftered, and the fees paid.

That every lodge íliall tranfmit to the grand fecretary, on or before the grand feaft in every year, a lift of all perfons initiated, or members admitted, together with the regiftering fees ; or notice that they have not initiated or admitted any, that their filence may not be imputed to oontempt.

That to prevent the pleas of ignorance or forgetfulnefs, a blank form íhall be printed and fent to each lodge, to be filled up and returned to the grand fecretary.

That the grand fecretary íhall lay before the firft quarterly communication after each grand feaft, an account of fuch lodges as have not regiftered their members within the year preceding the grand feaft, that they may be erazed from the lift of lodges, or be otherwife dealt with as the grand lodge may think expedient.

That to prevent any injury to individuáis, by being excluded the privileges of the fociety, through the negleót of their lodges, in their ñames not being duly regiftered, any brethren, on producing fuñlcient proof that they have paid the due regiftering fees to their lodges, íhall be capable of enjoying all the privileges of the fóciety ; but the offending lodges íhall be rigorouíiy proceeded againft, for detaining fees that are the property of the fociety.

After the pafting of thefe refolutions, the grand fecretary gave notice, that at all future quarterly communications the contributions of the different

345

346

HENRY FRED. DUKE OF CUMBERLAND, G. M. rent lodges to the charity and hall funds, would be colleéled at the door of the hall, inílead of calling over the lodges as ufual. * The grand maíler appointed another extraordinary grand lodge, for the purpofe of taking irrto farther confideration the ílate of the hall debt, with the moíl effeélual means for difcharging it ; to be held on the 30th inílant; and requeíled the maílers prefent to confult their rcipeélive lodges on the fubjeét before that time.

A. D.

1'δ3,

¾0t>gC Extraordinary, at Free-mafons’ hall, January 30th.

Prefent, Rowland Holt, Efq. as grand maíler; Sir Peter Parker, bart. as deputy grand maíler; William Atkinfon, Efq. as fenior grand warden; George Harrifon, Efq. as júnior grand warden; James Hefeltine, Efq. as grand treafurer; William White, grand fecretary; the maíler, wardens, and affiílants of the ítewards’ lodge ; with the maílers of twentyfix regular lodges.

Several fubfcriptions to the hall fund were received from maílers pre­ fent, on the behalf of their lodges, more were promifed by others, and feveral fubfcriptions were paid in by prívate brethren. The great zeal and unanimity that appeared to difcharge this debt, with the profpeét of its ípecdyaccompliíhment, gave viíiblepleafure to everybrother prefent,

<35VΛΠβ ILθbgC, at Free-mafons’ hall, February 14.

Prefent, the Duke of Cumberland, grand maíler; Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy grand maíler ; Sir Herbert Mackworth, bart. fenior grand warden ; Thomas Parker, Efq. as júnior grand warden; Lord Petre, and the Duke of Mancheíler, paíl grand maílers; feveral other paíl grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. and William White, grand fecretaries; James Bottomley, grand fwordbearer; the maíler, wardens, and aíTiílants of the ílewards’ lodge; with the maílers and wardens of fixty-five regular lodges. * See page 322.

The

HENRY FRED. DURE OF CUMBERLAND, G. M.

347

The receipt of feveral fubfcriptions to the hall loan was reported by the grand treafurer.

<*5ranij Uotsst, at Free-mafons’ hall, April 9.

Prcfent, the Earl of A. D. 17⅛ Effingham, as grand mafter ; Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy grand mafter; Jt>hn Croft, Efq. as fenior grand warden; Thomas Parker, Efq. as júnior grand warden ; feveral paft grand officers; Rowland Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Eíq. and William White, grand fecretaries; James Bottomley, grand fword-bearer; the mafter, wardens, and aftiftants of the ftcwards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardcns of thirty-eight regular lodges., Among the minutes of the preceding committee of charity, now confirmed, was one, reprefenting that Brother Hefeltine, the grand fecretary, had requefted the opinión of the committee, on an application made to him by Captain Géorge Smith, to procure the fanítion of the grand lodge for a book he intended to publiíh, intitled, 7 he Ufe and Λbufe of Free Mafonry; and that the committee, after matute confidcration, had refolved, that it be recommended to the grand lodge not to grant a fanótion for any fuch publication. * This being the regular time for eleóÜng a grand mafter, the Duke of Cumberland was unanimoufly re-chofen for the enfuingyear, accompanied with every poflible teftimony of approbation and refpeót. * No particular objeílion being flated againít the abovementioned work, the natu­ ral concluíion is, that afanítion was refufed on the general principie, that confider— ing the flouriíhing ñate of our lodges, where regular inftruílion and fuitable exercifes are ever ready for all brethren who zealouíly afpire to improve in mafonical know-ledge ; new publications are unneceflary on a fubjeft which books cannot teach. Indeed, the temptations to authoríhip have effe<Sed a ítrange revolution of fentiments fince the year 1720, when even antient manufcripts were deftroyed, to prevent their appearance in a∕r⅛tafbook of Conftitutions 1 for the principal materials in this very work, then fo much dreaded, have fince been retailed in a variety of forms, to give confequence to fanciful produñions that might have been fáfely with-held, without fénfible injury either to the fraternity, or to the literary reputation of the writers.

Yy 2

Seven

34§

HENRY FRED. DURE OF CUMBERLAND, G. M.

Seven lodges were erazed from the lift for ccafing to meet, or for not conforming to the laws of the fociety ; and feveral fubfcriptions to the hall loan were reported.

A. D. i7^3∙

2llΓc∏iblp and at Free-mafons’ hall, May 5. Prefent, the Duke of Cumberland, grand mafter; Rowland Holt, Efq. dcputy grand mafter; Thomas Parker, Efq. as fenior grand warden ; William Atkinfon, Efq. as júnior grand warden; feveral paft grand officers; Theophilus Tompfon Tutt, Efq. as grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. and William White, grand fecretaries; James Bottomley, grand fword-bearer; the twelve ftewards; the mafters and wardens of feveral lodges; and many other brethren of diftinótion.

On the arrival of the grand officers, they were condu<fted by the ftewards into the committee-room, where the mafters and wardens were ordered to attend; and the grand lodge being opened in antient form, the minutes of the laft quarterly communication were read and confirmed.

The Duke of Cumberland was then proclaimed grand mafter of mafons for the enfuing year.

After dinner the grand officers, ñewards, &c. walked round the hall ín proceffion, according to antient ufage ; after which his Royal Highnefs informed the brethren, that agreeable to the power vefted in him, be had appointed the Earl of Effingham to be aéting grand mafter for the enfuing year.

Being then inftalled, and re-invefted with the enfigns of his high office, he was pleafed to appoint and inveft, Rowland Holt, Efq. deputy grand mafter, The Hon. Waíhington Shirley ley, 7 George William Carrington Efq J gra∏d wardens, James Hefeltine, Efq. ' ■ grand fecretaries, William White,

James Bottomley, grand fword-bearer.

45ranδ

HENRY FRED. DURE OF CUMBERLAND, G. M.

349

®Vi5tW ILútiJC, at Free-mafons’ hall, November 19.

Prefcnt, A. D. the Honourable Washington Shirley, as grand mafler; George Wil- '17^3∙ liana Carrington, Efq. as deputy grand mafler ; George Harrifon, Efq. as fenior grand warden; John Alien, Efq. as júnior grand warden; feveral paft grand officers; Rowlaftd Berkeley, Efq. grand treafurer; James Hefeltine, Efq. and William White, grand fecretaries; James Bottomley, grand fword-bearer; the mafler, wardens, and aftiftants of the ftewards’ lodge; with the mafters and wardens of eighty-four regu­ lar lodges.

Information had been given to the previous committee of charity, November 14th, that two brethren had lately held an irregular lodge in the King’s Bench prifon, where they had uríwarrantably pretended to make mafons; and one of the grand fecretaries having been ordered to write thofe brethren, that unlefs they could difprove the chatge, the next grand lodge would proceed to fuch cenfure as their conduét merited.—--------Brother White accordingly reported that he had written to them, and now read the anfwer he received ; from which it appeared, that feveral mafons being in the faid prifon, they had aflembled in that charaéter, and had raifed fome brethren to the third degree; but a doubtarifing as to the propriety of their condu<R, the Royal Military Lodge at Woolwich, adjourned with their conftitution to their mafler in the .prifon ; and this being one of thofe itinerant lodges that move with the regiment, the mafter judged, that wherever he might be, he had a right to hold lodges, and make mafons-: ncverthelefs, it having been hintcd that the grand lodge might take umbrage at their proceedings, they had defifted from meeting ; ñor would they meet again without leave.

Refolved, That it is inconftftent with the principies of mafonry, for any free mafons’ lodge to be held, for the purpofes of making, pafting, or raiíing mafons, in any prifon, or place of confinement.

Refolved, That the mafter and wardens of the Royal Military lodge at Woolwich, be fummoned to attend at the next committee of charity,

to

350

HENRY FRED. DUKE OF CUMBERLAND, G. M. to anfwer for their conduéf in making mafons in the King’s Bench prifon, as fiated in the letter now read. * It having been particularly remarked, that fome of the grand officers did not regularly attend their duty in the grand lodge, as the honour and welfare of the fociety required, a refolution paffed, at the motion of the grand mafter in the chair, for fubjeñing the deputy grand mafter and grand wardens to certain fines for non-attendance on their duty; which will be found among the regulations, under the article Grand Lodge. -fThe hall committee was continued with its ufual powcrs.

Three lodges were erazed for not having regiftered any of their members, ñor having contributcd any thing toward the hall fund. * This lodge, No. 371, formerly heldat the Ship tavern, Woolwicli, being. found aot to have metthere for fome years, and no notice having been given of its remováis was erazed from the lili by order of the fucceeding grand lodge, February nth, 1784» t Confirmed, February nth, 1784.

CON-

CONS TITUTI O N S OF

THE

FRATERNITY O F

Free and Accepted M A S ONS. P

A

R

T

V.

Gontaining the Antient Charges, General Regulations of the Fraternityi NecejJ'ary Tablesi &c.

c

ANTIENT COLLECTED

CHARGES;

FROM

OLD

RECORDS.

I. Concerning God and Religión.

MASON is obliged, by bis tenure, to obey the moral law; and if he rightly underílands the art, he will never be a ílupid attheift, ñor an irreligious libertine. But though in antient times mafons were charged in every country to be of the religión ofthat country or nation, whatever it was; yet it is now thought more expedient only to oblige them to that religión in which all men agree, leaving their par­ ticular opinions to themfelves: that is, to be good men and true, or men of honour and honeñy, by whatever denominations or perfuafions thcy may be diftinguifhed ; whereby mafonry becomes the center of unión, and the means of conciliating true friendíhip among perfons, íhat ∏τuft otherwife have remained at a perpetual diñance.

II. Of

A

c 35* v~'

ANTIENT

'

C H A R G E S. ■S U

£

Iτ., Of the Civil Magiβratet Supream and Subordínate.

A Masón is a peaceable fubjeól to the civil powers, wherever he refides or works; and is never to be concerned in plots and confpiracies againft the peace and welfare of the nation, ñor to behave him-felf undutifully to inferior magiftrates: for as mafonry hath been always injured by war, bloodíhed, and confufion, fo antient kings and princes have been much difpofed to encourage the craftfmen, becaufe of their peaceablenefs and loyalty, whereby they pra<ftically anfwered the cavils of their adverfaries, and promoted the honourof the fraternity,. who ever flouriíhed in times of peace. So that if.a brother fhould be a rebel againft the ftate, he is not to be countenanced in his rebellion, however he may be pitied as an unhappy man; and, if convidted of no other crime, though the loyal brotherhood muft and ought to difown his rebellion, and give no umbrage or ground of political jcaloufy. to the government for the time being ; they cannot expel him.from .the lodge, and his relation to it remains indefeafible.

III.

Of Lodges.

A Lodge is a place where mafons afíemble and worl<; henee am aflembly, or duly organized fociety of mafons, is called a Lodge: and cvery brother ought to belong to one, and ought to be íubjeñ to its byelaws and the general regulations. It is either particular or general, and will be beft underftood by attending it, and by the regulations of the general or grand lodge hereunto annexed., In antient times, no mafter or fellow could be abfent from it, efpecially when warned to appear at it, without incurring a fevere cenfure, until it appeared to the mafter and wardens, that puré neceftity hindered him..

The perfons admitted members of a lodge, muft be good and true men, free-born, and of mature and difereet age, no bondmen, no women, no immoral, or fcandalous men, but of good report.

IV. Of

ANTIENT

C H A R G E S.

IV. 0/ Maβersi Wardensi Fellows and Apprentices.

ALL preferment among mafons is grounded upon real worth and perfonal merit only; that fo the lords may be well ferved, the brethren not put to íhame, ñor the royal craft defpiíed: therefore no mafter or warden is chofen by feniority, but for his merit. It is impoffible to defcribe thefe things in writing; and every brother muft attend in his place, and learn them in a way peculiar to this fraternity. Only candidates may know that no mañer íhould take an apprentice, unlefs he has fufficient employment for him, and unlefs he be a perfeét youth, having no maim or defe<ft in his body, that may render him incapablc of learning the art of ferving his mafter’s lord, and of being made a brother; and then a fellow-craft in due time, after he has ferved fuch a term of years, as the cuñom of the country direñs; and that he íhould be defeended of honeñ parents; that fo, when otherwife qualified, he may arrive to the honour of being the warden, and then the mañer of the lodge, the grand warden, and at length the grand mañer of all the lodges, according to his merit.

No brother can be a warden, until he has pafled the degrec of a mafter mafon ; ñor a mafter, until he has a<fted as a warden; ñor grand warden, until he has been mafter of a lodge, and ferved the office of ¡fteward at a grand feaft; ñor deputy grand mafter, until he has ferved ∣he office of grand warden; ñor grand mafter, unlefs he has been a mafter of a regular lodge before his ele&ion, who is alfo to be nobly born, or a gentleman of the beft faíhion, or fomc eminent feholar, or fome curious architeft, or other artift, defeended of honeft parents, and who is of Angular great merit in the opinión of the lodges. And for the better, and eaíier, and more honourable difcharge of his office, the grand mafter has a power to chufe his own deputy grand mafter, who muft be then, or muft have been formerly, the mafter of a par­ ticular lodge; and has the privilege of aéling whatever the grand Zz mafter,

35L

3Í4

A N' T I E. N T

C H A R G E S.

mafter, his principal, íhould a<ft, unlefs the faid principal be prefent, orr intcrpofé his authority by a letter.

Thefe rulers and govérnors, fúpream and fubordinate, of the antient lodge, are to be obeyed in their refpeélive ftations by all the brethren, according to the oíd charges and regulations,. with all.humility, reverence, love, and. alacrity.

V.

0/ the Management of the Craft.in u'orking.

ALL mafons íhall work honcftly.onworking.days, that they may Hve creditably on holy daysand the time appointed by the law of the land,. or confirmed by cuftom, íhall be obferved.

The moft expert.of the fellow craftfmen íhall be chofen or appointed the mañer or overfeer of the lord’s work y. who is to be called mafter by thofe that work. under him. The. craftfmen are to avoid all ill language, and to cali each other by no difobliging ñame, but brother or, fellow;. and to behave themfelves courteouíly within and without the lodge.

The mafter, knowing himfelf’to be able of cnnning, íhall undertake the lord’s work as reafonably as poílible, and truly difpend his goods as if they were his own; not giving more, wagcs to any brother or apprentice, than he really may deferve.

Both the mafter and the mafons receiving their wages juftly, íhall be faithful to the lord, and honeftly finiíh their work, whether taík or journey; ñor put the work to taík that hath been accuftomed to journey.

None íhall difcover envy at the profperity of a brother, ñor fupplant him, or put him out of his work, if he be capable to finiíh the fame; for no man can finiíh another’s work fo much to the lord’s profit, unlefs he be thoroughly acquainted with the defigns and draughts of kim that began it.

When

A N T I E N T

C H A R G E S.

Whetra fellow-craftfman is chofen warden of the work under the ma∩er, he íhall be true to both mafter and fellows, and íhall carcfully overfee the work in the mafter’s abfence, to the lord’s profit; and his brethren íhall obey him.

All mafons employed, íhall meekly receive their wages without murmuring or mutiny, and not defert the mafter tiil the work is finiíhed.

A younger brother íhall be inftrucfted in working, to prevent fpoiling the materials for want of judgment, and for increaíing and continuing of brotherly Iove.

Ail the tools ufed in working íhall beapproved by the grand lodgc.

No labourer íhall be employed in the proper work of mafonry; ñor íhall free mafins work with thofe that are not free, without an urgent necefítty; ñor íhall they teach labourers and unaccepted maíbns, as they íhould teach a brother or fellow.

VI.

i.

Of BeJιaviouri viz.

]n the Lodge, while conβituted.

YOU are not to hold prívate committees, or íeparate converfation, without leave from the mafter, ñor to talk of any thing impertinendy or unfeemly, ñor interrupt the mafter or wardens, or any brother fpeaking to the mafter: ñor behave yourfelf ludicrouíly or jeftingly while the lodge is engaged in what is íerious and folemn ; ñor ufe any unbecoming language upon any pretence whatfoever; but to pay duc reverence to your mafter, wardens, and fellows, and put theni to woríhip.

If any complaint be brought, the brother found giiilty íhall ftand to the award and determinaron of the lodge, who are the proper and competent judges of ali fuch controverfies, (unlefs you carry it by appeal to the grand lodge) and to whom they ought to be referred, unZz 2 lefs

356

ANTIENT

CHARGES.

lefs a Iord’s work be hindered the meanwhile; in which cafe a par­ ticular reference may be made; but yon muft never go to law abouts what concerneth mafonry, without an abfolute neceílity apparent tothe lodge.

2. Behaviour after the Lodge is overt and the Brethren not gone.

You may enjoy yourfelves with innocent rairth, treating one another according to ability; but avoiding all excefs, or forcing any brother toeat or drink.beyond bis inclination, or hindering him from going when bis occafions cali him, or doing or faying any thing offerrfive, or that may forbid an cafy and frce converfation;. for that would blaft our harmony, and defeat our laudable purpofes. Therefore no prí­ vate piques or quarrels muft be brougftt witbin the door of the lodge, far lefs any quarrels about religión, or nations, or flate-policy, we being only, as mafons, of the, catholic> religión above-mentioned : we are alfo of all nations, tongues, kindreds, and languages, and are refolved againft all politics, as what never yet conduced to the welfare of the lodge, ñor ever vvilL. This charge has been always ftriétly enjoined and obíerved j but efpecially ever lince the reformation im Britain, or the diíiént and fecefíion of thefe nations from the commu∙nion of Rome.

3. Behaviour when Brethren meet without Strangers, but not in a Lodge

You are to falute one another in a courteous manner, as you will : be inftru<fted, calling each other Brother, freely givíng mutual in* ftrutftion as íhall be thought expedient,. without being overfeen or overheard, and without encroaching upon each other, or derogating from that refpeét which is due to any brother, were he not a raafon: for though all mafons are as brethren upon the level,. yet mafonry takes no honour from a man that he had before 5 nay, rather it adds to his honour

ANTIENT

CHARGES.

honour, efpecially if he has deferved well of the brotherhood, wbo tnuft give honour to whom it is due, and avoid ill manners.

4* Beha,υiour in Prefence of Strangers not Mafinsi You íhall be cautious in your words andcarriage, that the moft penetrating ftranger íhall not be able to difcover or find out what is not proper to be intimated; and fometimes you íhall divert a difcourfe, and manage it prudently for the honour of the woríhipful fi∙aternity., ζ. Béhavidur at Hóme, and. in your Neighbourhood±-

You are to a¿l as becomes a moral and wife man; particularly, not to let your family, friends, and neighbours know the concerns of the lodge, &c. but wifely to confult your own honour, and that of the antient brotherhood,. for reafons-not to be mentioned here. You muft alfo confult your health, by not continuing together too late, or too long from home, after lodge hours are paft; and by avoiding gluttony and drunkennefs, that your families be not negleóled or injured,. ñor you difabled from working.

6. Behaviour toward a βrange Bfother, You are cautioufly to examine him, infuch a method as prudence íhall direóf you, that you may not be impofed upon by an ignorant falfe pretender, whom you are to rejeét with contempt and derifion, and beware of giving him any hints of knowledge.

But if you difcover him to be a true and genuine brother, you are to refpeít him accordingly ; and if he is in want, you muft relieve him if you can, or elfe direél him how he may be relieved: you muft employ him fome days, or elfe recommend him to be employed. But you,

35«

A N T I E N T

C H A R G E S.

you are not chargcd 'to do beyond your ability; only to prefer a poor brother, that is a good man and true, before any other poor people in the íame circumftances.

Finally, All thefe charges you are to obferve, and alio thofe that íhall be communicated to you in another way; cultivating brothcrly love, the foundation and cape-ftone, the cernent and glory of this antient fraternity, avoiding all wrángling and quarrelling, all ílander and backbiting, not permitting others to ∩anderany honeíl brother; but defending bis charaóler and doing him all good offices, as far as is eoníiñent with your honour and fafety, and no farther. And if any of them do you injury, you muft apply to your own or his lodge; and from thence you may appeal to the grand lodge at the quarterly communication, and from thence to the annual grand lodge, as has becn the aritient laudable conduót of our forefathers in every nation ; never taking a legal courfe, but when the cafe cannot be otherwife decidcd; and patiently liftening to the honeft and friendly advice of mafter and fellows. when thcy would prevent your going to law with ∩rangers, or would excite you to put a fpeedy period to all law-fuits, that fo you may mind the affair of mafonry with the more alacrity and fuccefs. But with refpeót to brothers or fellows at law, the ma∩er and bretbren íhall kindly offer their mediation, which ought to be thankfully fubmitted to by the contending brethren; and if that^fubmiffion is impracticable, they muíl however carry on their procefs, or Iawfuit, without rancour (not in the common way) faying or doing nothing which may hinder brotherly love, and good offices to be renewed and continued; that all may fee the benign influence of mafonry, as all true mafons have done from the beginning of the world, and will do to the end of time.

2Γmen, fo mote it te.

GENERAL

GENERAL

REGULATIONS

ESTABLISHED λt SUNDRY TIMES

B

The.

Y

grano

REGULATIONS

of

the

l o d g

e.

GRáND LODGE.

Art. I. ΠpHE publíc interefts of the fraternity, as a colleólíve JL body, are managed by a general convocation of all the prívate lodges on record, by theír reprefentatives, the refpe<ftive mafters and wardens, including níne other afliftants from the ftewards’ lodge; * who with the grand mafter of the order at theír head, attended by his proper officers, compofe the grand lodge.

By thís general defcríptíon, the members of the grand lodge appcar to be of a mutable nature, all of thefe fpecified claíles being elcétive ; the grand mafter and his officers annually, and the mafters and war­ dens of prívate lodges according to theír own bye laws. * To thefe regular members are now aflociated an additional deputy, which eveiy lodge that fubfcribed to the hall loan is allowed the privilege of fending, until repayment of theír money ; together with fuch individual brethren, who by l;ke fubfcriptions have obtained for themfelves a perfonal right of . becoming members of this aífembly. See p. 331. and 343..

Th©

3⅞o j

KEGULATIONS

0F

The proper officers of the grand lodge, at the head of the general body, are, The Grand Mafter; * His Deputy; Two Wardens; T reafurer; Secretary; Chaplain; ∙f∙ Sword-bearer; All provincial Grand Mafters: But as thofe brethren once eleéted to thefe offices, gain thereby a permanent right of being mcmbers of the grand lodge ever after; to the above lift are to be added, All paft Grand Officers.

Art. II. Thefe have three quarterly communications in the year, befidc the grand feaft ; at which none are to be prefent but the proper members, without permiffion: and while any rtranger (though a brother) ftays, he is not to vote, ñor to fpeak to any queftion, without leave of the grand lodge, unlefs he is defired to give his opinión.

Art. III. If at any grand lodge, ffated or occaffonal, the grand mafter and deputy íhould both be abfent, then the prefent fenior grand warden íhall take the chair, and prefide as grand mafter -pro tempere, and íhall be verted with all his honour and power for the time being; and, in his abfence, the prefent júnior grand warden; and in his abfcnce, the oldeft former grand warden in company ; provided, no paft * When a prince of royal blood is grand mafler, therc is alfo an Λfling Grand See p. 341, + At prefent there is alfo a Grand Architeíl; but this is a perfonal compliment to Mr. Sandby, as deiigner of Freemafons’ hall, and no ftated office. See p. 317.

Maβcr.

grand

THE

GRAND

LODGE.

grand maíler or deputy grand mai⅛er be prefent; and if no forme r grand officer be found, then the mafter of the ftewards’ lodgc; or, ia his abfonce, the maíler of the fenior lodge prefent.

Art. IV. None but grand officers íhall wear their jewels i-n gold, pendant to blue ribbons about their necks, and white leather aprons with bine filk; which fortof aprons may be alfo wornbyformer grandoíliccrs.

But by a late regulation all paíl grand officers are permitted to wear a particular jewel, to be approved by the grand lodge, as a mark of dillinólion. The faid jewel to be gold or gilt; and each officer is to be diffinguifhed by the jewel he wore whilíl aélually in office,- with this differeñce, that fuch honorary jewel íhall be fixed within a circle, or oval, upon the border of which may be infcribed the ñame of the perfon, and the year in which he ferved the office ; and the ground of fuch jewel is to be enamelled blue. This is to be worn in grand lodge, pendant to a blue ribband, in the manner of thofe worn by the aéling grand officers; but on other occaíions it íhall be affixed to the breaft by a narrow blue ribband.

Art. V. The grand officers prefent and former, each of them, who attend the grand lodge in communication, except on the feafl-day, íhall pay half-a-crown toward the charge of fuch communication whcn he attends.

Art. VI. Maílers and wardens of lodges íhall never attend the grand lodge without their jewels and cloathing.

If any officer cannot attend, he may fend a brother of that lodge (provided he is a maíler mafon, and has been fuch for tweive months) with his jewel, to fupply his room, and fupport the honour of his lodge.* Art. VII. * A latitude is here allowed, to fuit the convenicncy of officers, under a reftriítion wiíély provided, and which, for the welfare, no lefs than the credit of the fociety, 3 A ought

362

THE

G R A N D

LODGE.

Art. VII. AU differences, or complaints, that cannot be made up∙, ©r accommodated privately, ñor by a particular lodge, íhall be reduced into writing, and delivered to the grand fecretary; who íhall fummon all parties concerned to attend at the next committee of charity, wherc the fame íhall be feriouíly confidered, and finally decided.

Art. VIII. The grand mafler, or his deputy, has authority always to command the treaíurer and fecretary to attend him, with their clerks and books, for his examination; and- to know vvhat is expedicnt to ba done upon any cmergency.

Art. IX.. The grand lodge, in ampie form, affembled, has a power to amend or explain any of the printed regulations in the book of can* ftitutions, while they deviate not from the antient rules of the fraternity. For it is not in the power of any man, or body of men, to make any alteration or innovation in mafonry, without the confent firft ob* tained o.f the grand lodgeς No motion for a new regulation, or for the alteration of an oíd orre, íhall be made, till it is firft handed up in writing to the chair; and after it has been perúfed by the grand mafler, the fubjéct may be publicly propofed; and íhall then be audibly read by the fecretary. If it ought to be ftrongly inforced. Notbing is more ufnal than to accommodate a young mafon as foon as poflible with a warden’s jewel, even from anothcr lodge, if it cannot be readily procured in that wherein he was made ; in order that he may Jee the grand lodge, as a matter of amufement: and what is the-immediate∙confequence of this- grofs indifcretion ? The grand lodge in quarterly coramunication is a convocation of the fraternity, by the deputies from their feveral lodgcs, to delibérate on the general interefts of the fociety ; each of wliich fending their mafler and two wardens, it follows, that there are commonly twice the ntnnberof wardens as there is of mafters prefent in that affembly. Therefore, if a great part of thefc wardens íhould at any time confift of young inexperienced members, who have not attained a due conception, eíther of the nature of the affembly, or of the buíinefs in which thcy find themfelves called «pon for a voice, a hazard is incurred, unbccoming thaprudence of any public body of men whateγer l .it "■ ■ ■■■ ∙,∙7t I \ ‘•

be

T H E

G R A N D

LODGE.

be fecondéd, it muft be ímmediately committed to the coníideration of the whole afiembly, that their fenfe may be fully heard about it: after which the grand mafter íhall put the queftion pro and con.

Akt. X. All matters in the grand lodge are to be determined by a majority of votes; each member having one vote, and the grand maíler two votes; unlefs the lodge lea ve a ny particular thing to the determination of the grand maíler for the fake of expedition. The votes of the members are always to be fignitied by each holding up one of his hands; which uplifted hands the grand wardens are to count, unlefs the number be fo unequal as to render counting needlefs : ñor íhould any other kind of divifion be ever admitted on fuch occafions.

Art. XI. At the third ftroke of the grand ma∩cr,s hammer, always to be repeated by the grand wardens, there íhall be a general filence ; and he who bréales filence, without leave from the chair, íhall be publicly reprimanded. Under the fame penalty every brother íhall take his feat, and keep firic⅛ filence, whenever the grand maíler or his deputy think fit to cali to order.

In the grand lodge, every member íhall keep in his feat, and not move about from place to place, during the communication; except the grand wardens, as having more ímmediately the care of the lodge.

According to the order of the grand lodge, no brother is to fpeak more than once to the fame affair, unlefs to explain himfelf, or when cailed upon by the chair to fpeak.

Every one who fpeaks íhall rife and keep ílanding, addrefifing him­ felf to the chair: ñor íhall any other brother prefume to interrupt him, under the aforefaid penalty; unlefs the grand mafier, finding him wandering from the point in hand, íhall think fit to reduce him to order ; for then the faid fpeaker íhall fit down : but after he has been fet right, he may proceed, if he pleafes.

■ , • A 3 A 2 If,

363

364

T H E

G R A N. D

L O D G E;

If> in tbc grand lodge, any member is twice called to order, at one aflémbly, for tranfgrcffing thefe rules, and is guilty of a third offence of the fame nature, the chair fhall peremptorily command hiin to quit the Iodge-room for that night.

Whoever íhall be fo rude as to hifs at a brother, or at w.hat he has Paid, íhall be forthwith folemnly excluded the communication, and declared incapable of cver being a member of any grand lodge for the futuro, till at another time he publicly owns bis fault, and grace be granted.

Art. XII. There íhall be a book kept by the grand fecretary, tvherein íhall be recorded all the Iodges, with the ufual times and places of their forming, and the ñames of all the members of each lodge ; alfo all the affairs of the grand lodge that are proper to be written.

Art. XIII. No brother íhall fmoke tobáceo in the grand lodge, at the quarterly communication, or committee of. charity, till the lodge be clofed. .'A -.Γ*∙ u '■ f> <; J¡ -i

Art. XIV. At every committee of charity, and quarterly commu­ nication, the feveral mafters of Iodges, íhall, before the opening of the grand lodge, either produce his hall ticket, as a voucher for his being deputed to attend, or be anfwered for by the mafter of fome other lodge prefent.

Art. XV. No brother is to hold. more than one office in the grandi lodge, at one and the íame time.

Art. XVI. No brother íhall be appointed a grand officer until he íhall have ferved the office of fteward at a grand feaft; ñor unlefs he be an aδ⅛ual fubferibing member of the ftewards’ lodge at the time of his appointment.

Art. XVΠi

T H E

GRAND

M A S T E* R.

Art. XVII. The following grand officers for the time being, who ncgleóí to attend thcir duty in the grand Iodge, íhall forfeit for the firft time to the hall fund,

The deputy grand mafter, The fenior grand warden, The júnior grand warden,

three guineas, two guineas, one guinea.

For a fecond negle<ft the above fines íhall be dóubled; and if they negle<St to attend a third time, or refufe to pay the fines incurred as above, their offices íhall be confidered as vacated, and any rank or diftinéíion they may have acquired in confequence of their appointment for the current year, íhall be forfeited.

0/ the G R A N D

M A S T E R.

Art. I. A new grand mafter íhall be propofed by the prefent a<fting mafier to the grand Iodge, at the communication preceding the day of the annual feafi ; and if approved of thcn, and no objeñion made, he íhall, if prefent, be faluted grand mafier eleét; or if abfent, his health íhall be toafted as fuch, and he is to walk at the fcaft on the left hand of the prefent grand mafier.

Art. II. If the grand mafier of laft year, upon application made to him by the a<fting mafier, deputy grand mafier, or by any other grand officer with their approbation, confents to continué in office for the year enfuing; and if the brethren agree by a majority to continué him; he íhall, in the ñame of the grand Iodge, be humbly requefted to do the fraternity the honour of continuing to be their grand mafier for the year enfuing; and on declaring his confent, the propofing member íhall drink to him as grand mafier ele<fi of mafons. All the members íhall

3*5 V--- y-√

36^

T H E

GRAND

M ASTER.

íhall falute him as fuch in due forro, and declare their fatisfadlicn and congratularon.

Art. III. If the grand mafter fhould die during his mafteríhip, or by ficknefs, abfence, or otherwife, be rendered incapable of difcharging bis office; the aóting grand mafter, or in his abfence the deputy, or in his abfence the fenior grand warden, or in his abfence the júnior grand warden, or in his abfence fome other paft grand officer, according to his right cf feniority, íliall aflemble the grand lodge immediately, in order to advife togethcr upon that emergency ; and íhall fend two of their number to invite the laft grand mafter to reíume his office, which now of courfe reverts to him: if he refufe to a<ft, then the next laft, and fo backward; but if no former grand mafter be found, the prefent aóling mafter íhall proceed as principal, til! a new grand mafter is chofen; or if there be no aóting grand mafter, then the prefent deputy, or in his abfence the fenior grand warden, or in his abfence the júnior grand warden, or in his abfence fome other paft grand officer, according to feniority.

Art. IV. No grand mafter, a<ftinggrand mafter, other grand officer, or whoever aéls in their ftead pro tempore, can, at the fame time, a<ft as warden of a particular lodge ; but as foon as any of them has difcharged his public office, he returns to that ftation in his particular lodge, from which he was called to officiate.

Art. V. The grand mafter or aóting grand mafter may, if he pleafes, with the reft of the grand officers, vifit all the lodges about town, during his mafterfhip, or fend his grand officers to vifit them.

The grand mafter, a<fting grand mafter, or deputy, enjoys full authority not only to be prefent, but alfo to prefide in every lodge, with the mafter of the lodge on his Ieft hand ; and to order the grand wardens to attend him, where they are to aéf as wardens of that particular lodge

lodge during his prefence; for the grand mafter cannot deprive them of their office, without íhewing caufe fairly appearing to the grand lodge: but if the grand wardens are abfent, the grand mafter, while in a particular lodge, may command the wardens of that lodge, orany mafter mafons, to a6⅛ there as his wardens pro tempore.

Art. VI. The grand mafter íhould not receive any prívate intima* tions of buíinefs concerning mafons and mafonry, but from his deputy; except in fuch cafes as his woríhip can eafily judge of: and if the application to the grand mafter be irregular, his woríhip can order the grand wardens, or any other fo applyíng, to wait upon the deputy, who h immediately to prepare the buíinefs-, and tolay itorderly before him.

Art. VIL If the grand mafter íhould abufe his power, and render himfelf unworthy the obedience of the lodges, he íhall be fubjecfted to fome new regulátion diííated by the occafion ; becaufe hitherto the antient fraternity have had no reafon to providé for an event that they prefume never will happen.

Of the D E P U T Y

GRAND

M A S T E R.

Art. I. The perfon nominated deputy grand mafter, and alfo the grand wardens, cannot be difeharged, unlefs for fome caufe clearly appearing to the grand lodge; for the grand mafter, if he is diflátisfied with the conduéf of his gvand officers, or either of them, may cali a grand lodge on purpofe, and lay the caufe before them, for their advice and concurrence; and if it íhall appear to the majority of the brethren prefent, that the complaint is well founded, he íhall have power to difplace fuch grand officer, and to nomínate another in the ftead.of him fo difplaced, that harmony and peacc may be preferved.

36S

GI<Λ∖'D WARDENS—GRANO TREASURER. Art. II. If at any grand lodge the deputy be abfent, tlien the pre­ fent fenior grand warden /hall a<ft as deputy -pro tempore; or in his ab­ fence the júnior grand warden; or in his abfence the oldeft former grand warden in company, provided no paft deputy be prefent: if no former grand officer be found, then the mafler of the ftewards’ lodge, or in his abfence the mafter of the fenior lodge prefent.

Of the GRAND

W A R D E N S.

Art. I. None can aót as grand wardens, but thofe aétually in the office, when they are prefent; if abfent, the oldeft former grand war­ dens íhall fupply their places pro tempore; or if no paft grand wardens are prefent, then the grand mafter, or he that prefides, may cali forth whom he pleafes to act as grand wardens for that occafion.

Art. II. The grand wardens, or any others, are firft to advife with the deputy about the affairs of the lodges, or of prívate (ingle brothers; and are not to apply to the grand mafter, without the knowledge of his deputy, unlefs he refufe his co'ncurrence.

This is intended for the eafe of the grand mafter, and for the honour of the deputy.

In which cafe, or in cafe of any difference of fentiment between the deputy and grand wardens, or other brothers, both parties are to go to the grand mafter by confent; who, by virtue of his authority, can eafiiy decide the controverfy, and compofe the difference.

Of the GRAND

TREASURER.

Art. I. The grand treafurer is chofen annually at the firft quarterly communication after each grand feaft; at which time hb íhall give a joint bond with two other brethren, approved by the grand lodge, to the grand mafter, deputy grand mafter, and grand wardens for the time

T H E

G R A N D

TREASÜRER.

time being, in the penalty, and with fuch condition, as íhall be ap­ proved by the grand lodge, for the due performance of hís trufí.

The grand mafter, deputy grand mafter, and grand wardens for the time being, to whom the grand treafurer gives fecurity, íhall alfo give fecurity, by a joint bond to three paft grand maftcrs, to be approved by the grand lodge, as truftees for the fociety at large, that they will enforce every order of the grand lodge, with refpetfí to its fund; by which means the fociety will always have a double and certain fe­ curity for its property.

Art. II. To the treafurer íhall be committed all money raifed for the general charity, or for any other public ufe of the fociety; which he íhall keep an account of in a book, fpecifying the refpcétive ufes for which the feveral fums are intended; and íhall diíburfe the fame in fuch manner as the grand lodge íhall dire<5l; and produce his ac­ count of receipts and diíburfements, fairly before every quartcrly communication, with the vouchers: the particulars of the account are to be then publicly read over; and if any difputeor difficulty arife concerning them, the matter is to be referred to five brethren, nominated by the grand mafter, and approved of by the grand- lodge, to examine into the merits of the fame, againft the next quarterly communication» where they are to report their procecdings, with the fíate of the cafe, for the final judgment of the grand lodge.

Art. III. The treafurer’s accounts are to be approved and allowed from time to time by the grand lodge, and figned by the grand mafter, or deputy grand maíler then prefiding; and the account fo figned is to be entered by the grand fecretary, in the grand mafter’s book.

Art. IV. If it íhould be found necefiáry fiar the treafurer to employ under him an aíTiftant or clerk, he may be at liberty fo to do, fuch clerk or aílifíant being a brother and a mafter mafon; who íhall have 3 B fuch

369

GR. SECRETARY—PROVINCIAL GR. MASTERS. fuch allowance, from time to time, as the grand lodge think fit, out of the money pafling through the treafurer’s hands, not exceeding one fhilling in the pound; and this allowance is to be credited in the trea­ furer’s accounts: but fuch afliftant or clerk is not to be confidercd as a member of the grand lodge; ñor is to fpeak therein, without being allowed or commanded fo to do.

Of the GRAND SECRETARY.

The grand fecretary is nominated y.early at the grand feaft, by the grand mafter; and is by his office a member of the grand lodge. He may have a clerk or afliftant, if he thinks fit, who muft be a brother and a mafter mafon; but who is not, during fuch time, tobe Gonfidered as a member of the grand lodge ; ñor is he to fpeak therein, without being allowed or commanded fo to do.

Two joint fecretaries, with equal power ancLrank, were appointed Nov. i, 1780.

Of PROVINCIAL

GRAND MASTERS.

Art. I. The office of provincial grand mafter was found particularly neceflary in 172.6; when the extraordinary increafe of the craftfmen, and their travelling into diftant parts, and convening themfelves in lodges, required an immediate head, to whom they might apply in ali cafes, where it was not poflible to watt the decifion or opinión of the grand lodge.

Art. II. The appointment of this grand officer is a prerogative of the grand mafter; from whom, or in his abfence from his deputy, a deputation may be granted to fuch brother of eminence and ability in the craft, as either of them think propernot for life, but during pleafure⅛ Art. III.

COMMITTEE

OF

CHARITY.

Art. III. The provincial grand mafter thus deputed, is inveflcd •vvith the power and rank of a grand mafter in his particular diftriét ; and is intitled to wcar the cloathing of a grand officer, and to conftitute lodges within his own province : he is by his office a member of the grand lodge, and in all public afiemblies to walk immediatelv after the grand treaíurer. He is alfo impowered to appoint grand officcrs for his province, who are entitled to wear the cloathing, and to enjoy every other privilege of grand officers, vvhilé they officiate within thcir particular difirió!; but at no other time or place; ñor are they members of the grand lodge.

Art. IV. He is enjoined to correfpond vvith the grand lodge, and to tranfmit a circumftantial account of his proceedings, at leaft once in every year. At which time he is required to fend a lifl of thofc lodges he has conffituted; their contributions for the general fund of charity; and the ufual demand, as fpecified in his deputation, for every lodge he has conffituted.

See Committee of Charity, Art. XXXI. Of the COMMITTEE of C H A R I T Y. BY the original conffitution of nature, mcn are fo framed, as of neceffity to require each other’s affiflance for their mutual fupport and prefervation: being fitted by an implanted difpofition to live in focieties, and eflabliffi themfelves into diffinft bodies, for the more cffeéiual promulging and propagating a communication of arts, labour, and induflry, of which, Charity and mutual Friendfhip are the common bond. In this refpeót only, the human race ffimd upon a level, having all the fame vvants and delires, and all finding the fame need of each other’s affiflance: by this common cemcnt, every one is bound to look upon himfelf as a member of this univerfal community, and efpecially the rich and great; for the truly noble difpofition ncver fhines fo. bright,

«

37’

¿72

C O M M ITTE E

OF

CHARITY.

bright, as w’nen engaged in the laudable purpofes of facial Lovc, Charity, and Bcnevolence. Influenccd by thefe great and good principies, Art. I. The grand Ibdge carne to a refolution to coníider of the moft prudent and effectual method of coLleéling and difpofing money lodged with them, in charity, toward the relief of true brothers only, fallen into poverty and decay.

TothisencLit was refolved, That each particular lodge might difpofe of their own charity, according to their ow.n bye-laws ; until all the lodges íhould, by a new regulation, agree to carry in the charity9 colledted by them, to the grand lodge, to make a comrnon ftock for the more general relief of poor brethrcn.

Art. II. In confequence of which regulation, at the grand lodge on Nov. 21,. 1724, the Duke of Richmond being. grand mañera Brother Francts Scott, EarL of Dalkeith (afterward the Duke of Buccleugh) the paft grand mafter,. propofed, That in order to promote the charitable difpofition of Free Mafons, and to render it more extenfively beneficial to the fociety, each lodge may make a certain cok leélion, according to ability, to be put into a joint-ftock, and lodged in, the hands of a treafurer, at every quarterly communication; for the relief of diftrefled brethren recommended by the contributing lodges to the grand officers from time to time : which propofal being readily agreed to, the grand mafter delirad all prcfent to come prepared to give their opinión of it at next grand lodge ; which was held in ampie form, on March 17, 1725. When>

Art. III. At the lodge’s delire, Grand Mafter Richmond named a committee for coníidering of the beft methbds to regúlate the mafons’ intended charity t they met, and chofe for chairman, WilliamCowper,.

Efq. clerk of the parliament, who drew up the report.. But the affair requiring great deliberation, the report was not made till the grand lodge

COMMITTEE

OF CHARITY.

,X 373

jj

lodge met ín ampie form, on Nov. 27, 1725, when Richmond, grand mafter, ordered the report to be read. It was approved, and recorded in the book oí the grand lodge; thecommittce received public thanks; and copies of it were ordered to be fent to the particular Iqdges, in this form c The committee, to whom it was referred to coníTdcr of proper met thods to regúlate the general charity, after feveral meetings for that * purpofe, carne to the following refolutions, which they fubmit to the c judgment of the grand. lodge, as conducive to the end propofed by ‘ the reference. ‘ 1. That it is the opinión of tile committee, that the contributions t from the feveral lodges be paid quarterly and voluntarily. ‘ 2. That no brother be recommendcd by any lodge, as an objcél t of this charity, but who was a member of fome regular lodge, which. t íhall contribute to the fame charity, on or before the 2iñ day of t November, 1724, when the general charity was firfl propofed in ‘ the grand lodge. t 3. That no brother, who has been admitted a member of any fuch t lodge, fince that time, or íhall hereafter be fo admitted, be recom‘ mended til! three years after fuch admiífion : and as to the methods 1 or rules to be obferved by the grand lodge, in relieving fuch brethren, * who íhall be qualified as aforefaid, whom they íhall think fit upon * application to themfelves, to relieve, viz. thofe concerning the cir* cumftances of the perfons to be relieved, the fums to be paid, the i times or terms of payment, the continuance, fufpending, or taking * off fuch allowance, with the reafons thereof, whether arifing from ‘ the circumílances of the aííífted brother being bettered, or from his * behaviour, in any refpeéf, rendering him tinfit to have it continued; ‘ and, in general, alL other circumftances attending the regular and ‘ ordinary diftribution of the charity, where the grand lodge think fit ‘ to put any one upon it; the committee are of opinión, they are moft ‘ decently and fecurely left to the wifdom, care, and difcretion of the ‘ grand

374

>V-

^

COMMITTEE

OF

CHARITY.

-*

grand lodge, to aót therein, from time to time, as cafes íhall happen, t in a manner moft agreeable to the exigencies of them : which, as * the committee cannot forefee with any certainty, fo they are unablc ‘ to lay down any fixed propofals concerning them. But as it may fall t out that a brother, who is in all refpeéis qualified for relief, and in * nced of it, may by the preflure of his circumftances be forced to api ply,∙ perhaps, a good while before a quarterly communication may ‘ be had, or the grand lodge afíembled, for a prefent relief or fnbfift‘ ence, til! he can make his cafe known to the grand lodge, for their * further favour ; the committee took that cafe into their particular , confideration; and as to that, are humbly of opinión, t 4. That three pounds, and no ηaore, may be giren to any parti‘ cular diftrefíed brother, who íhall be rccommendcd by any lodge as t an objedt of this charity, without the confent of the grand lodge. t 5. That the abovefaid cafual charity of three pounds or under, be t difpofed of as there íhall be occaíion, by a ítanding committee of ‘ five, to confift of the grand mafter, deputy, and fenior grand wart den for the time being, and two other members of the grand lodge, * to be named by the grand mafter, of which committee three always t to be a quorum. And it being abfolutely neceflary that, for colleóling t and diíburfing the fums which íhall be givcn for fo charitablc a pur* pofe, there íhould be a receiver or treafurer publicly entrufted and ‘ known, 1 6. The committee think it necefiáry, that every treafurer, upon c his appointment, be defired to give the carlieft general notice he c can, where he may be applied to, from time to time, for the purc pofes of this charity, as need íhall require. All which they fubmit to í your judgment and direélion. ‘ Alexander Hardine. t Dalkeith, t Dan. Houghton, ‘ Paiíley, ‘ G. Taylor, * Tho. Edwards, * W. Richardfon, 4 William Petty, t J. T. Defaguliers?

Art. IV.

COMMITTEE

OF

CHARITY.

Art. IV. Yet no treafurer was appointed in confequence of this reprefentation, till at the grand lodge on June 24, 1727, when, Inchiquin, grand mafter, requefted brother Nathaniel Blackerby, Efq. to accept that office.

Then alfo it was refolved, that the four grand officers, for the time being, together with brother Martín Folkes, Francis Serell, andGeorge Payne, Efqrs. as a committee of feven, íhould, upon due recommcndations, difpofe of the intended charity ; and freíh copies of the report were fent to the lodges.

Art. V. At laft this good work of charity was begun at the grand lodge, on Nov. 25,1729, Kingfton being grand mafter: in his ablence deputy grand mafter Blackerby, the treafurer in the chair, after a warm exhortation, ordered the lodges to be called over a fecond time, when fome officers gave in the benevolence of their refpcóh’ve lodges, for which they were thanked ; and their charity, being forthwith recorded, was put into the hands of the treafurer. as an hopeful beginning;. othex lodges following the good exampkv Art. VΓ. At the grand lodge, on Dec. 27, 1729, deputy grand mafter Blackerby, the treafurer, in the chair, had the honour to thank many officers of lodges, for their liberal charity : when on a motion made by brother Thomas Batfon, counfellor at law, the grand lodge ordained, that every new lodge, for their conftitution, íhall pay two guineas toward this general charity of mafons. Ever lince, the lodges, according to their ability, have, by their officers, fent their benevolence to every grand lodge, except on the grand feaft day ; and great numbers of diftrefíed brothers have been comfortably relieved from the fund thus raifed.

Art. VII. The committee of feven being thought too few for this good work, the grand lodge, on Aug. 28, 1730, refolved, that the committee

37£

376

COMMITTEE

O F

C H A R ΓΓ Y.

committee of charity (hall have added to them twelve mafters of contributing lodges; that the firíi twelve, in theprinted lili, íhall be fncceeded by the next twelve, and fo on: and that for di/patch, any five of them íhall be a quorum, provided one of the five is a prefent grand «officer» The committee of charity met on Nov. 13, 1730, when they confidered the petitions of fome poor brethren, whom they relieved, not exceeding three pounds to each petitioner: and adjottrned, from time to time, for fupplying the diftrefled according to their powers ; or elfe recommended them to the greater favour of the grand lodge.

Art. VIII. Thís committee hadnot all their powers at once : for, at the grand lodge on Dec. 15, 1730, it was ordained, that for difpatch, all complaints and informations about charity íhall be refetred, for the future, to the committee of charity; and that they íhall appoint a day for hearing the fame, íhall enter their proceedings in their own book, and íhall report their opinión to the grand lodge.

From this time the minutes of the committee of charity have been read and coníidered at every grand lodge, except on the grand feaft day.

Art. IX. At the committee of charity, March 16, 173 r, it was agreed, that no petition íhall be read, if the petitioner do not attend the committee in perfon; except in the cafes of íicknefs, lamenefs, or imprifonment.

Art. X. Atthe grand lodge on May 14, 1731, upon the motion of Lovell, grand maíter, it was refolved, that all former grand maílers and deputics íhall be members of the committee of charity.

That the committee íhall have a power to give five pounds, as cafual ¡charity, to a poor brother, but no more, till the grand lodge aífemble.

Art. XI.

COM M I TT E E

OF

CHARITY.

Art. XI. At the committee of charity, on June 18, 1731, it was agreed, that no poor brother who has been once affiiled, (hall, a fecond time, prefent a petition, without fome new allegation wcll atteñed.

Art. XII. At the grand lodge on June 8, 1732, deputy grand maíler Batfon in the chair, having fignified, that notwithftanding the general charity, fome poor brothers liad molefted noblemen and others (being inafons) with prívate applications for charity, to the fcandal of the craft; it was refolved, that any brother who niakes íiich prívate appli­ cations for the future, íhall be for evcr debarred [from any relief froniL the committee of charity, the grand lodge, or any afíemblies of maíons.

Art. XIII. At the committee of charity, on July 5, 1732, it was agreed, that no brother íhall be relieved, unlefs his petition be atteíled by three brothers of the lodge to which he does, or did once, belong.

Art. XIV. At the grand lodge, on Nov. 21, 1732, it was refolved, that all former and prefent grand officers, viz. grand mañers, deputies, and wardens, with twenty mañers of contributing lodges in a rotation, according to the printed lii⅛, íhall be members of the committee of charity. And, Art. XV. At the grand lodge, on Dec. 13, 1733, upon the mction of Strathmore, grand maíler, in the chair, it was refolved, that all mafters of regular lodges that have contributed to the charity, within twclve jmonths paíl, íhall be members of the committee, togethcr with all for­ mer and prefent grand officers.

Art. XVI. Coníidering that the ufual bufinefs of aquarterly.communication was too much for one time, whatever buíinefs cannot be difpatched here, íhall be referred to the committee of charity, and their opinión reported to the next grand lodge.

Art. XVII. 3 C

377

378

COMMITTEE

OF

CHARITY.

Art. XVII. AII queftions, debated at the faid committee, íhall be decided by a majority of the brethren prefent.

Art. XVIII. All petitions for charity, prefented to the grand lodge, íhall be referred to the faid committee, who are to report their opinión to the next grand lodge, viz. whether or not the cafe of any diftreffed brother deferves more relief than is in the power of the committee. to give.

Art. XIX. The faid committee íhall twice give public notice, in fome newfpaper, of the time and place of their meetings.

Art. XX. At the grand lodge, onFeb. 24, 1735, it was recommended by the committee, and then refolved, that no mafter of a lodge íhall be a member of the faid committee, whofe lodge has not .contributed to the general charity during twelve months paft.

Art. XXI. One of the brethren, fígning and certifying a poor bro->ther’s petition, íhall attend the committee to atteft it.

Art. XXII. At the grand lodge, on Márch 31, 1735, upon the motion of Craufurd, grand mafter, in the chair, it was refolved, that no extraneous brother, that is, one not regularlymade, but clandeftinely,. or only with a view to partake of the chaτity; ñor any afíifting at fuch irregular makings, íhall be ever qualified to partake of the mafons*' general charity.

Art. XXIII. The brothers, attefting a petition for charity, íhall be able to certify, that the petitioner has been formerly in repυtable, at ∣ leaft, in tolerable circumftances.

Aħτ. XXIV.

C OςM mittee of charity.

Art. XXIV. Every petition received, fhall be figned or certified by the majority of the Iodge, to which the petitioner does, or did belong.

Art. XXV, The ñame and calling of the petitioner íhaU be exρrefsly me∏tioned.

Art. XXVI, At the grand Iodge, on April 6, 1736, upon the motion of the committee of charity, it was refolved, that .no petition for charity fhall be received, which has not been offered firíl to the fecretary, and depofited in his hands ten days at leaft beforc the meeting of the committee of charity, that he may have time to be informcd of its allegations, ifthey are dubious.

Art. XXVII. At the grand Iodge, on March 20, 1739, it was refolved, that a brother being intitled to, and receiving relief out of, the charity of a particular Iodge, in purfuance of the laws theréof, fhall be no objeéiion to his being relieved out of the general charity, in cafe fuch Iodge fhall contribute to the faid general charity, according to the laws of the fociety.

Art. XXVIII. At the grand Iodge, on Dec. 3, 1741, it was refol­ ved, that before the brethren proceed to buíinefs in any committee of charity, all the laws relating to the difpofal of the general charity of this fociety be read; and that no petition fhall be received, unlefs every brother fhall, at the time of his figning the fame, be a member of fome regular Iodge, and the ñame of fuch his Iodge be fpecified.

Art, XXIX. At the grand Iodge, on June 18, 1752, it was prdered, that three guineas be paid to the grand fecretary, at every communication and annual aflembly, for his own incidental charges, and that of an afliftant fecretary, out of the public fund.

3 C 2 Any

379

38°

COMMITTEE

OF

CHARITY.

Any foreign brother, after due examination, may be relievedby this committee, with a fum not exceeding five pounds.

Art. XXX. Attlie grand lodge, on July 24, 1755, it was ordered, that, for the future, every certifícate granted to a brother of his being a mafon, íhall be fealed with the feal of mafonry, and figned by the grand fecretary; for which five fhillings íhall be paid to the general fund of charity.

Art. XXXI. At the grand'lodge, Jan. 27, 1768, it was refolved, that every provincial grand maf⅛er hereafter appointed, who íhall not have ferved the office of fteward, do pay ten guineas to the fund of charity, on his appointment.

Art. XXXII. The reprefentatives of each lodge, in quarterly con> munication, íhall, on entering the hall, pay their refpe<ftive fubfcriptions to the charity and hall funds, to the clerk or clerks appointed by the grand treafurer and fecretary to receivethe fame: and the fubfcrip^ tions fo paid in, íhall be declared publicly in grand lodge.

Art. XXXIII. An cxtraordinary committee of charity íhall beheld annually, in the laft week of the month of July, or in the firft week of Auguft, with power to grant petitioners, recommended agreeably to the laws of the fociety, any fum of money for temporary relief, not exceeding five pounds to each petitioner. But this committee íhall not take cognizance of any other bufinefs than is above expreflcd.

Thus the committee of charity has been eílabliíhed among the Free and Accepted Mafons of England, who have very generoufly contrrbuted to their general fund, and i⅛ill perfevcre in that good work.

The committee regularly meets, according to the fammons of the grand ma∩er, or his deputy, and has rclieved many diftrcfled brothers with

STEWARDS.

J8-i

witħ fmall fums, not exceeding five pounds to each: but the grand iodge has ordered the treafurer to pay to fome petitioners, ten, fifteen, or twenty pounds, as the cafe required. So that the diílreíTed have found far greater relief from this general charity, than can be ex­ peded from particular lodges; and the contributions, beingpaidby the lodges, at various times, have not been burdenfome.

The treafurer’s accounts have been audited and balanced at every grand Iodge ; whereby all brethren know the dock in hand, and how every particular of the charity has been applied ; every thing being duly recorded in the grand Iodge-book, and in that of the committee, of which every mafler of a contributing Iodge ¡s a member.

See Conβitutionsi Art. I. Hall Fund, Art, XI. Of the

STEWARDS.

It having been formerly the cuftom, for the two grand wardens to take upon themfelves the regulating and conduéling the annual grand feaíl, it was thought proper, in order to relieve them from that extraordinary trouble; that the grand maíler, or his deputy, fhould have a power to appoínt a certain number of llewards, to whom the conduΛ and carc of the fame íhould be committed ; and that all circumílances relative to the feaíl fhould be decidcd among them by a majority of votes; unlefs the grand maíler, or his deputy, íhould interfere. In confequence, the following regulations have been eíiabliíhed, viz.

Art. I. That at the feaíl, the ílewards íhall open no wine till dinner be laid on the tables; that the members of each Iodge fhall fit together as much as pofiible; that after eight of the dock at night, the ílewards íhall not be obliged to furnifh wine or other liquors; and that either the money or tickets íhall be returned to the ílewards.

Art. II..

3δ2

S

T

E

W

A

R

D

S.

Art. II. On Nov. 26, 1728, the office of ñewards, thathad been difufed at thrce preccding feañs, was revived by the grand lodge, and their number fettled to be always twelve.

Art. IIJ. The ñewards for the year are allowed to have jewels of ñlver (not gilded) pendant to red ribbons, about their necks, to bear white rods, and to Une their white leather aproas with red filk.

Former ∩ewards are allowed to continué thefame aprons.

Art. IV. Each of the aóling ñewards is allowred, at the feaft, the privilege of naming bis íucccfíbr in that office, for the enfuing year.

Art. V. On June 24, 1735, upon an. addrefs from thofe who had ferved the office of ñeward, the grand lodge, in coníideration of their paft fervice and future ufefulnefs, ordained, that they fhould be conñituted a lodge of mañers, to be called the ñewards’ lodge ; to be regiftered as fuch in the grand lodge book and printed lifts, with the times and place of their meetings.

Art. VI. The ñewards’lodge íhall have the privilege of fending a deputation of twelve to every grand lodge, viz. the mafter, two wardens, and nine more; and each of the twelve ffiall vote there, and pay half-a-crown toward the expence of the grand lodge.

Art. VII. No brother, who has not been a ñeward, íhall wear the fame fort of aprons and ribbons.

Art. VIII. Each of the twelve deputies from the ñewards’ lodge íhall, in the grand lodge, wear a particular jewel fufpended by a red ribbon; the pattern of which was then approved.

Art. IX.

GR AND

FEAS T.

3$3

♦ Art. IX. On February 7, 1770, the granel lodge refolved, that the ftewards’ lodge be allowed the privilege of fending a number of bre­ thren, eqtral to any other four lodges, to every future committee of charity; and that as the mafter alone of each prívate lodge only has a right to attend, in order to make a proper diftinétion between the ñcwards’ lodge and the other lodges, the mafter and three other members of that lodge be permitted to attend at every fuccecding com­ mittee on behalf of the faid lodge.

See under Granel Lodge, Art. XVI.. , J

Of the GR AND

FEAS T√.

Art. I. The brethren of all regular lodges íhall meet annually in Free-mafons’ hall; either on St. John Evangelift’s day, or St. John Baptift’s day, or on fuch other day as the grand mafter íhall appoint: and no particular lodge íhall have a feparate feaft on the day of the general feaft..

Art. II. The ftewards íhall be early at the hall, to receive every perfon who brings a ticket; and íhall have power to examine him, if they think fit, in order to admit or rejeél him, as they fee caufe: provided they fend no man away before they have acquainted all the brethren with the reafons; that no true brother be excluded, ñor a pretender admitted.

Art. III. The ftewards íhall appoint two or more trufty brethren to be porters and door-keepers, who are alfo to be early at the hall for good reafons, and are to be at the command of the ftewards. The tylers and other íervants within and without doors, íhall be appointed by the ftewards.

Art. IV.

3$4

G R

A N D

FEAST.

Art. ÍV. All the members of the grand lodge muft be at the hall a convenient time befare dinner, with the grand mafter or his deputy at their head; who íhall retire and farm themfelves: and there íhall be no petitions or appeals on the day of the general aflembly and feaft; fuch bufinefs being unfuitable with the intention of a day of feftivity.

Art. V. The grand lodge muft be formed befare dinner.

Art. VI. The mafter and wardens of the feveral lodges prefent íhall be called into the lodge-room, when the minutes of the laft <¡uarterly communication íhall be read and confirmed, and the grand mafter eleét recognized; from whence they íhall proceed to dinner in ufual farm.

Art. VII. Dinner beingover, the grand mafter Ehall make the proceílion round the hall in the following order: Tyler to clear the way befare the mufle, The mufle, The ftewards, two and two, The firft light carried by the mafter of the 4th lodge, The wardens of the ftewards’ lodge, The mafter of the ftewards’ lodge, The grand archite<ft, The grand chaplain, The grand fecretary with the bag, The grand treafurer with the ftaff, Provincial grand mafters, juniors to walk firft, All paft júnior grand wardens, juniors to walk firft, All paft fenior grand wardens, juniors to walk firft, The fecond light carried by the mafter of the 3d lodge, All former deputy grand mafters, juniors to walk firft, All former grand mafters, juniors to walk firft,

The

GRAND

FEAST.

The thiid Iight carried by the mafter of thc ad lodge, Thc júnior grand warden,.

The fenior grand warden, The deputy grand mafter, Thc mafter of the fenior lodge with the Conftitutions on a cuíhion, The grand mafter eleóf, The fword-bea’rer carrying the fword of fíate, The grand mafter.

And being returned to the chair, the grand íecretary íhall proclaim the grand mafter eleéi Grand Λ'I áster of Masons for thc enfuing year, who íhall, by the late grand mafter, be placed with ceremony in Solomon’s chair, and be by him invefted with the proper jewel of his high office, and receive the homage of all the brethren.

Art. VIII. The grand mafter thus inftalled, íhall next nomínate and appoint his deputy grand mafter; who íhall be alfo proclaimed, faluted, and congratulated, in due form. He íhall then appoint his grand wardens, .who íhall alfo be proclaimed, faluted, and congratulated in due form ; and íhall at the fame time appoint his grand fccretary and fword-bearer. But if the brother eletfted grand mafter íhall, by ficknefs, or any other neceílary occaíion, be abfent, in that cafe, the oíd, or fome paft grand mafter prefent, íhall acft as proxy, and in his ñame nominate the deputy grand mafter, wardens, fecretary, and fword-bearer ; and receive the ufual honours. In cafe no paft grand mafter is prefent, then the paft deputy grand mafter, or, in his abfence, fome other paft grand officer, according to his right of feniority, íhall atft as proxy on that occalion. But the new deputy grand mafter and grand wardens are not allowed proxies when they are appointed.

3 D

F U N D

386

HALL

F

U

N

D..

F U N D jor Building a HALL. AT the Grand Lodge, O<ftober 28, 1768, in order to raife a fund, independent of the general fund of charity, to build and furniíh a hall, for the general meetings of the fociety in grand lodge ; the following rcgulations were confirmed.

Art. I. That every grand officer íhall contribute annually, in pro portion to the dignity of his office, not lefs than the following fums ;■ Grand mafter, £ 20 0 O' Deputy grand mafter, 5 5 0 Sénior grand warden, 3 3 0 Júnior grand warden, 2 2 0 ⅛ per annum.

Grand treafurer, 3 3 0 Grand fecretary, 3 3 0 Grand fword-bearer, «1 1 0 Art. II. That every provincial grand mafter fhall pay one guinea* for regiftering his ñame, and half-a-guinea for drawing out his deputation on parchment.

Art. III. That every provincial grand mafter who chufes to have his patent drawn with the ufual cmbelliíhments on vellum, ∏ιall pay five guineas.

Art. IV. That every lodge conftituted íhall pay one guinea for being regiftered, and half-a-guinea for drawing the conftitution on parchment.

Art. V. That every lodge who chufe to have the conftitution drawn with the ufual embelliíhments on vellum, íhall pay five guineas.

• The fees for dcputations, conftitutions, and difpenfations, are perquifites of the grand fecretary, till a falary is annexcd to the office.

Art. VI,

HALL.

F

U

N

3S7

D.

Art. VI. That evcry new-made brother, at his admiftion, íhall pay a fum not lefs than two íhillings and fixpence for regiftering his ñame.

Art. VII. No prefent member of any lodge to be affe<fted by this charge, unlefs he joins another ; when heis to pay two fhillings and fixpence for having his ñame regiftered as member of every fuch lodge.

Art. VIII. That evcry lodge íhall pay the fum of two fhillings and fixpence for every mafon they íhall hereafter make, when fuch bro­ ther is regiftered.

Art. IX. As there are many cafes, according to the conftitutions, wherein particular lodges cannot acft without a fpecial power from the grand mafter, an annual difpenfation will be granted, when applied for, (in all fuch circumftances as are prefcribed by our laws, excepting funerals and other public exhibitions, or making mafons under age) to every lodge within the bilis of mortality at half-a-guinea each, and to every lodge in the country or abroad at a quarter of a guinea.

Art. X. That a book íhall lie open in evcry lodge for the voluntary contributions of the members, to be applied to the purpofes of the grand lodge.

Art. XI. Refolved, Nov.* 19, 1773, that cach lodge do tranfmit to the grand fecretary, on or before every grand lodge, * a regular lift of its members, with the dates of their admiftion or initiation; alfo their ages as near as poflible at that time; together with their titles, profeíTions, or trades ; and that for every perfon initiated into mafonry, five íhillings be tranfmitted, and for each perfon admitted a member, two íhillings and fixpence, for regiftering their ñames, &c. in the books of the grand lodge, agreeably to the regulations of Oétober, 1768; and that no perfon initiated into mafonry, fubfequent to that period, • See under Cammitite of Charity, Art. XXXII.

3 D 2

íhall

FOR MS

O F

C O N S T IT U T ING

fhall be enutled to partake of the general charity, or añy otherof thc privileges of the grand Iodge, unlefs bis ñame be duly regiftered, and the fees paid as above.

Art. XII. Refolved, Feb. 22, 1775> that 5000 Z. be raifed to carry the defigns of the fociety into execution. by granting annuities for lives in the manner following, viz. that there fhall be one hundred lives at fifty pounds each ; that the whele premifes belonging to the fociety in Great Queen-ftrcet, with the hall to be built thereon, be vefted in truftees, as a fecurity to fuch perfons as may chufe to fubferibe for that purpofe ; that the fubferibers fhall be paid 5/. ∙percent. for their money advanced; fothat the whole intereft upon the hundred lives will amount to 250/. per annum ; that tliis intereft be divided among the fubferibers, and the furvivors and furvivor of them; and upon the death of the laft furvivor, the whole to determine for the benefit of thc fociety.

Art. XIII. Subfcribers of 25 /. as a loan, without intereft, toward paying off the hall debts, to be prefented with a medal, to wear as an honourable teftimony of their fervices, and to be members of the grand.

Iodge; a like medal to be given to every Iodge that fubferibes, to be worn by the mafter; and every fubferibing Iodge is allowed to fend one other reprefentative to the grand Iodge, befide the mafter and wardens, until the money be repaid.

See Grand Lodge, Art. I. note, and Art. XIV;.

0/

CONSTITUTIONS.

The antient Manner of ccnfiituting a Lodge„ ■.

A NEW Iodge, for avoiding irregularities, íhould be folemnly conftituted by the grand mafter, with his deputy, wardens, and other grand oflicers; or, in the grand mafter’s abfence, by the deputy, with the other oflicers neceffary,

If

Λ

N

E

W

L O D G E.

If the deputy be alio abfent, the grand mafter may depute either of his grand wardens, with the officers; and the wardens may alfo appoint other officers to be affiftant for that occafion.

The lodge being opened, and the candidates, or the ncw mafter and wardens being yet among the fellow-crafts; the grand mafter fhall aík his deputy, if he has examined them, and finds the candidato mafter well íkilled in the royal art, and dtιly inftru<ftcd in our myfteries, &c.

The deputy, anfwering in the afíirmative, íhall, by the grand mafterrs order, take the candidate from among his fellows, and prefent him to the grand mafter, faying, ‘ Right worfhipful grand mafter, the bret thren prefent delire to be formed into a lodge; and I prefent my wor‘ thy brother A. B. to be their mafter, whom I know to be of good mo‘ rals and great íkill, true and trufty, and a lover of the whole fraternity ‘ difperfed over the face of the earth.’ Then the grand mafter, placing the candidate on his left hand, having aíked and obtained the unanimous confent of the brethren, fhall fay, ‘ I conftitute and form thefe * good brethren into a new lodge, and appoint yon Brother A. B. the ‘ mafter of ir, not doubting your capacity and care to preferve the ce‘ ment of the lodge, &c.’—with other expreffions proper and ufual on that occafion, but not proper to be written.

Upon this, the deputy fhall rehearfe the charges of a mafter; and the grand mafter íhall afk the candidate, faying, e Do yon fubmit to ♦ thefe charges, as mafters have done in all ages ?” And the new mafter fignifyinghis cordial fubmiffion thereunto, the grand mafter íhall, by certain fignificant ceremonics and antient ufages, inftal him, and pre­ fent him with the book of conftitutions, the lodge-book, and the inftruments of his office, feparately ; and after each of thcfn, the grand mafter or his deputy fhall rehearfe the charge fuitable to the arricie prefented.

The members of the new lodge, bowing all together to the grand mafter, fhall then return him their thanks ; and fhall immediately do homage to their new mafter, and fignify their promife of obedicnce to him

j⅜

b:m by thc ufual congratularon. Tile dcputy grand maíler, grand officers, and any other brethren prefenr, not members of thc new lodge, íhall next congratúlate the new maíler; who íliall return his becoming acknowlcdgments to the grand maíler firíl, and to the reíl

in thcir order.

The grand maíler íhall thcn order the new maíler to enter immediately upon the exercife of his office, in chuíing his wardens: this is done by his calling forth two fellow-crafts, mafler mafons, and prefenting them to the grand maíler for his approbation, and to the new lodge for their confent. Upon which the fenior or júnior grand warden, or fome other brother for him, íhall rehearfe the charges of each warden of a prívate lodge; they fignifying their cordial fubmiflion thercunto, the new maíler íhall preícnt them fingly, with the feverat inílruments of their office, and in due form inílal them in their proper places: when the brethren of the new lodge íhall fignify their obedience to thofe new wardens by.the ufual congratulation.

The grand maíler íhall then give all the brethren joy of their new maíler and wardens, and recommend harmony y hoping their only contention will be a laudable emulation in cultivating the royal art and the íócial virtues. Upon which, all the new lodge are to bow togethcr, rcturning thanks for the honour of this conílitution.

The grand maíler alfo orders the fecretary to rcgifler the new lodge in tlae grand lodge book, and to notify the fame to the other particular lodges; and after the maíler’s fong, the grand warden is to clofe thc lodge.

This is a fummary of the regular forms of conílitution, which the grand officers may extend or abridge at pleafurey explaining things peculiar to the occaíion: and none but thofe, who have aóled as grand officers, can accurately go throtigh all the feveral parts and ufages of a new conílitution, in the juft folemnity.

A

NEW

LODGE.

Art. I. Formerly every new lodge paid two guineas for their con­ ftitution, to the general fund of charity : but On April 15, 1767, it was refolved, that for every newly conftituted lodge within the city or fuburbs of London, four guineas íhail be paid to the fund of charity; and for every lodge in the country, or abroad, two guineas.

April 7, 1777, refolved, that no conftitution be granted for holding a lodge within the bilis of mortality, under íix guineas; ñor for a coun­ try lodge under four guineas, exclufive of the fees for writing the patent,. and regiftering the lodge, as heretofore ; and that the advanced money on every fuch new conftitution, be paid into the hall fund.

Art. II. The precedency of lodges is grounded on the feniority of their conftitution.

Art. III. No new lodge is owned, ñor their ofticers admitted into the grand lodge, unlefs it be regularly conftituted and regiftered ; and upon the diflblution of a lodge fo conftituted, the conftitution fhall be delivered up to the grand mafter, or his deputy ; for a conftitution íhail. upon no account be fold, or otherwife transferred.

Art. IV. The jewels and furniture of every lodge belóng to, and are the property of, the mafter, wardens, and brethren of fuch lodge; and the mafter of the houfe where fuch lodge is held, íhail have no property therein : and no mafter of any public houfe íhail be fuffered to own, or purchafe, jewels and furniture, for the purpofe of having a lodge held at his houfe, under the penalty of forfeiting the conftitu-

tiom Art. V. If any number of mafons take upon themfelves to form a lodge, without the grand mafter’s warrant, the regular lodges are not to countenance, or own them as brethren, duly formed, ñor. approve

391

S72

Λ

M

K

I

,N

G

S.

approve of their aéls and deeds; bnt muft t.rea.t thém as rebeh, utitil tliey htimble themfelves, as the grand mai⅜er ih bis prudence direét, and until he approve of them by bis warranr fignified t© the other lodges; as the cuftom is, wlien a new lodge is to be regiftered in the grand lodge book.

Art. VI. If any warrant or conftitution of a lodge íhall be fold, or difpofed of for a valuable confideration, or any ¡Ilegal means be ufed to obtain the con∩itution of a lodge, fnch conílitution íhall be forfeited, and the lodge be erazed out of the lift.

Art. VII. As every regular prívate lodge is a conílituent part of the grand lodge, in which afíembly all the power of the fociety reíides, it is clear that no other authority can withdraw that power : if therefore the majority óf any lodge íhould determine to quit the fociety, the conflitution, or power of affembling, remains with the reft of the members who adhere to their allegiance; and if all the members of a lodge withdraw themfelves, their conflitution ceafes, and becomes extinéi ; and all the authority thereby granted or enjoycd, reverts to the grand lodge.

■

Of

M A K I N

G S.

Art. I. No Iod2je íhall make more than five new brothers at the fame time, without an urgent neceffity; ñor any man under the age of twenty-one years, who muft be alio his own mafter, unlefs by a difpenfation from the grand mafter or his deputy.

Art. II. No lodge íhall ever make a mafon without due inquiry into his charaóier ; * ñor íhall any lodge be permitted to make and raife * It is to be Iamented that the indblgence fubjoined to this wħolefome injnnftion, íhould weaken the regard ferioufly due to it; for as no man will build a houfe upon a bog

M

A

K

I

N

G

S.

raí fe a brotber, at the fame xncetíag, wkhout a difpenfation frprn the grand maíler or bis dcptity, on very particular occafions.

N. B. This bóg or a quickfand', a man of fufpicious intcgrity will be found equally u.rrfit to fuñain the charadter of a true mafon : and if foιne correfponding regard to worldly circum•ñances were included, it would opérate more for the welfare and credit of the fociety.

There is no violation of tiíuth iií affirining, that, in London efpecinHy; propofírions for initiation inte mμibnry, are oftetj toó eaíjly, if n<jt 'eagérly received, on the haré ge­ neral fecommendation-of the propofςr, and pajppent of the cuñoorary fees. But if gIiurá&er and circumftances w.ere cautioufly weighed, in the quajification of candidatos.;

portion be more- refpeélable, both as men and as mafons.. Charity is a leading feature in the mafonic charaétor.; we dehia.onrfelv.es boundto aífift a diüreíTed brother to the uttnoft of our power : but furely this humane obligation ¿oes not extend to receiving men∙among us, whofe jm∣>rjadςuce and preeaúous circumftances obvioufly tend to reducethem to be pbje<f⅛s of cnarity. Npthing is more cómmon than for giddy young men juft entering into li'fe, to join the fociety with the meer finiñer view of Oxfending their connexions : fueh -men difhpate thei-r time, money, and attention, in running about from one lodge to another, wbere thcy rather aim to diftinguiíh themfelves in the licentious charaóter of jolly companions, than in the more difcreet one of ñeady good mafons; and finally c∙lofe∙ their mafonic career, by loading the table in the córhmittee-room with petitions for charity ! The number of thefe applications reduces our benefaéfions to fuch fcanty portions, that inílead of being of effcftual fervice in extricating men from the occaíional difficulties of life, they feldona amount to more than the inñant fupply of preffing necefliúes, without reaching the caufe of thofe neceffitics : whereas were the brethren more feleóf, fewer diílrefles would come before them, thofe which did come would be more deferving of reüef, and might obtai.n it from a more liberal hand. » Once more; the fraternity of mafons bei∏g every where diflinguiíhed by their kind reception and friendly afliftance of ñrange brethren on journies, or, on their arrival to fettle among them, gives rife to another abufé, teeming with evil effefts, A man on the point of removing to a diílant country, recolleñs that the certifícate of being a mafon, will be a convenient general, letterof recommendation. He accofdingly gets himfélf propofed through a fecond, third, or fourth hand, and muíi be hurried through all the degrees in one eyening, becaufe he is to fet off learly the next morning. Thus, by truñing to a vague recommendation, a íodge proftitutes the.inftitution for a paltry fee ; veñs an utter ftranger with a charaóter he knows no­ thing of, and furniíhes him with a credential, impowering him, íhould he be bafely E

394

M

A

K

I

N

G

S.

N. B. Tliis article is not to extend to foreigners, or natives, whofc particular bufincfs obliges them immediately to go abroad ; but if the mafter thinks proper to make, and raife any fuch pcrfon on the fame night, he muft give the firft convenient notice to the grand fecretary of his having fo done.

Art. III. No lodge íhall ever make a mafon for lefs money than two guineas; to be applicd either to the prívate fund of the lodge, or to the public charity, without deduétion; under forfeiture of their conftitution. But this not to extend to the making of waiters, or menial fervants, who may be inftituted by the lodge they are to ferve ; provided fuch inñitution be done without fee or reward.

Art. IV. Evcry new brother, at his entry, is decently to cloath the lodge ; that is, all the brethrcn prefent; and to depofit fomething for the relief of indigent brethren, over and above the fmall allowance ftated in the bye-laws of that particular lodge. The candidate fhall alfo folemnly promife to fubmit to the conftitutions, and other good ufagcs, intimated to him in time and place convenient.

Art. V. A brother concerned in making mafons clandeñinely, íhall not be allowed to vifit any lodge till he has made due fubmiílion, cven though the brothcrs fo made may be allowed. difpofed, to abufe the generous confidence of the brethren wherever he goes; to the injury of worthy men who may afterward travel the fame road. Such hañy compliances with interefted vicws ought not therefore to be heedlefsly countenanced.

Thefe are remarles which naturally occur, which experience juftifies, and which, as they are too general to give particular offence, can apply to no one who is not confeious that his own conduét, or that of his lodge, is cenfurable nnder them. The fettled fund for the fupport of every lodge ought to be fufficiently liberal for the purpofe, without refting on contingent advantages that may warp the judgments of the members.

Art. VI.

3c

M A S T E R S

A N D

W A R D E N S.

Art. VI. None, who form a Λatcd lodge without the grand mafter’s leave, fhall be admitted into regular lodges, till they make fubmiíhon and obtain grace.

Art. VII. If any brethren form a lodge without leave, and fhall irregularly make new brothcrs, they fhall not be admitted into any regular lodge, till they render a good reafon, or make duc fubmiflion.

Art. VIII. Seeing that fome brothers have becn made lately in a clandeftine manner, that is, in no regular lodge, ñor by any authority or “difpenfation from the grand mafter, and for fmall and unworthy confiderations, to the diíhonour of the craft; the grand lodge decreed, that no perfon fo made, ñor any of thofe concerned in making him, fhall be a grand officer, ñor an officer of a particular lodge; ñor fhall partake of the general charity, íhould they ever be reduced to apply for it.

Of the MASTERS and WARDENS of particular LODGES.

Art. I. If the maffer of a particular lodge íhould die, refign, or be depofed, the fenior warden fhall forthwith fill the maíler’s chair, till the next time of eleólion; and he ever does, in the maíler’s abfence, fill the chair, even though a former maffer be prefent.

The maffer of a particular lodge has the right and authority of congregating the members of his lodge into a chapter, upon any emergeney or occurrence; as well as to appoint the time and place of their ufual forming.

Art. II. Mafters, wardens, and the members of particular lodges, if they chufe to line their4 white leather aprons, are to do it with white filk; and the officers are to wear their jewels pendant to white only.

3 E 2

Art. III.

395

396

DUTY

O F

MEMBERS.

Art. III. The maíler ofeach particular lodge, one of the wardens, or fome other brother, by appointment of the maíler, fhall keep a book, containing their bye-laws, the ñames of their members, and a lift of all the lodges in town, with the ufual times and places of their forming; and alfo all the tranfaólions of their own lodge, that are pro­ per to be recorded.

Of the DUTY of M E M B E R S.

Art. I. No man, unlefs by difpenfation, can be accepted a member of a particular lodge, without one month’s previous notice given to the lodge; in order to make due enquiry into the reputation and capacity of the candidate.

Art. II. But no man can be entered a brother in any particular lodge, or admitted a member thereof, without the unanimous confent of all the members prefent, when the candidate is propofed, and when their confent is formally aíked by the maíler. Ñor is thts inherent privilege fubjeél to a difpenfation; becaufe the members of a particular lodge mu∩ be the beíl Judges who are likely to prove fuitable aífociates; and becaufe if a turbulent member íhould be impofed upon them, he might diílurb the freedom of their communication; or even break and difperfe the lodge, which ought to be avoided by all true and faithful brethren. But it being found inconvenient to infift upon unanimity in feveral cafes, the grand maílers have allowed lodges to admit a mem­ ber, if not above three ballots are againíl him; though fome lodges delire no fuch allowance.

Art. III. The majority of ev6ry particular lodge, when congregated, have the privilege of giving inílruélions to their maíler and

wardens, befóte the meeting of the gr-and :chapter or quarterly communication;

DUTY

O F

MEMBERS.

munication ; becaufe fuch officers are their reprefentatives, and are fappofed to ípeak the fentimcnts of their brethren. )on a fudden emergency, the grand lodge has allowed a prívate brother to be prefent, and with leave aíked and given, to declare his fentiments upon mafonical bufinefs.

Art. IV. A1I particular lodges are to obferve the fame ufages as much as poffible; in order to which, and alfo for cultivating a good under∩anding among free mafons, fome members of every lodge íhall be deputed to vifit the other lodges, as often as íhall be thought convenient.

The fame ufages, for fubflance, are a&ually obferved in every lodge v/hich is much owing to vifiting brothers, who compare ufages.

Art. V. If any lodge, within the bilis of mortality, íhall ceafe to meet regularly, during twelve fucceffive months, its ñame and place' íhall be erazed from the grand lodge book and engraved lift: and if they petition to be again inferted, and owned as a regular lodge, they íhall, on paying the fum required for the grant of a new conftitution at that place, be admitted into their former place and rank.

See Cfj∏fiitutιons, Art. I. Art. VI. Befare any lodge is ílruck out of the grand lodge-book for non-appearance, a fummons íhall be left at the houfe where fuch lodge is held, for the officers to appear at the next quarterly communioation, to fhew caufe for their non-attendance; and upon appearance of fuch lodge, the faid officers íhall pay zs. 6d. for the fummons.

Ar t. VH. If any brother fa far miíbehave himfclf as to render his lodge uneafy, he íhall be thrice duly admo∙nifhed by the mafter and wardens in a lodge formed ; and if he wiII not refrain his imprudence, ñor ‘obcdiently íubmit to the adyiee of his brethren, he íhall be dealt with according

397

39s

VISITORS — RE M O VALS. according to the bye-Iaws of that particular lodgc; or clfe in fuch a manner as the quarterly communication think fit, according to the circumfiances of the cafe.

Art. VIII. No brother fhall prefume to print, or caufe to be prínted, the proceedings of any lodge, or any part thereof, or the ñames of the perfons prefent at fuch lodge, but by the diredtion of the grand mafter, or his deputy, under pain of being difowned for a brother, and not to be admitted into any quarterly communication or grand lodge, or any lodge whatfoever; and of being rendered incapable of bearing any office in the craft.

Art. IX. No mafter of a public houfe or tavern, fhall be a member of any lodge held at his houfe.

0/

VISITORS.

No vifitor, however íkilled in mafonry, fhall be admitted into a lodge, unlefs he is perfonally known to, or well vouched for and recommended by one of that lodge prefent. Ñor fhall any pcrfon made a mafon in England, under any other conftitution than this, be admitted as a vifitor.

REMOVAL

of

LODGE S.

Art. I. If a particular lodge remove to a new place for their fiated meeting, the officers fhall fignify the fame to the grand fecretary, and pay two íhillings and fixpence, for the necefΓary correétion in the engraved lift: and whenever a lodge changes the times of their meeting, one íhilling fhall be paid for the like purpofe.

Art. II.

R

E

M

Ó

V

A

L

S.

399

Art. II. Whcreas difputes have arifen about the removal of lodgcs from one houfe to another, and it has been queftioned in whom that power is vefted; it is declared, that no lodge íhall be removed without the mafter’s knowledge; that no motion be made for removal, in the mafter’s abfence ; and that if the motion be feconded, the mafter íhall order fummonfes to every individual member, fpecifying the bufinefs, and appointing a day for hearing and determining the affair, at leaft ten days before it is to take place; and the determinaron íhall be made by the majority, provided the mafter be one of that majority : but if he be of the minority againft removing, the lodge íhall not be removed, unlefs the majority coníifts of full two thirds of the members prefent.

But if the mafter refufe to diredt fuch fummonfes, either of the wardens may do it; and if the mafter negleéls to attend on the day fixed, the wardens may prefide in determining the affair in the manner prefcribed: but they íhall not in the mafter’s abfence enter upon any other caufe than what is particularly mentioned in the fummons. If the lodge be thus regularly ordered to be removed, the mafter or warden íhall fend notice thereof to the fecretary of the grand lodge for publiíhing the fame at the next quarterly communication.

Art. III. No lodge íhall be deemed regularly removed, until the removal thereof be approved by the grand mafter, or his deputy, for

the time being.

Art. IV. No lodge íhall be deemed regularly removed, unlefs the laws relating to remováis be ftriéUy complied with; and that the fame may be duly afeertained, it is ordered, that the books of every lodge within the bilis of mortality, intended to be removed, be particularly infpected by the grand fecretary before any removal tabes place ; and that the country lodges be frequently reminded of the laws concerning remováis, and the confequenccs of a violation thereof.

PUBLIC

400

PROCESSIONS-∙TYLERS.

PUBLIC

PROCESSIOiVS.

I F any mafon íhall, without the fpecial licence of the grand mafter, Or his deputy for the time being, attend as a mafon cloathed in any af the jewels or badges of the craft, at any funeral .or other proceífion ; he íhall be rendered incapable of ever being an officer of a lodge, and alfo be excluded the benefit of the general charity.

T

Y

L

E

R

S.

Art. I. If any tyler íhall, without the fpccial licence of the grand mafter or his deputy for the time being, attend as fuch at any funeral or other proceíTton; he íhall be rendered incapable of ever attending any lodge, and alfo be excluded the benefit of the general charity.

Art. II. If any tyler íhall officiate at the meetings, or pretended lodges of perfons calling themfelves mafons, not being regularly conftituted, and not acknowledging the authority of the grand mafter, nór conforming to the laws of the grand lodge; he íhall be rendered incapable of ever being a tyler or atteníant on a lodge, or partaking of the general charity.

A

CHRO-

A

CHRONOLOGICAL

TABEE

O F

P

A

T

R

O

N

S,

GRAND MASTERS, OFFICERSi and STE1FARDS, In ENGLAND, from the Time of the Anglo-Saxons. a. D. 597. A USTIN the Monk.

6So. Ti. Bennet, abbot of Wirral.

S57. St. Swithin.

S72. King Alfred the Great.

900. Ethred king of Mercia.

P lince Ethelward.

924. King Athelftan.

926. Prince Edwin, brother of Athelftan.

957. St. Dunftan, archbiíhop of Canterbury.

104t. King Edward the Confeffor; and, Leofric earl of Coventry.

1066. Roger de Montgomery, earl of Arundel.

Gundulph biíhop of Rochefter.

1100. King Henry I. 1135. Gilbert de Clare, marquis of Pembroke.

1154. The grand maílers of the knights Templan, 1176. Peter de Colechurch.

1212. William Alinaine.

1216. Peter de Rupibus, biíhop of Winchefter, Geoffrey Fitz-Petcr.

A. D.

1272. Walter Giffard, archbiíhop of York.

Gilbert de Clare, earl of Glouceñer.

Ralph lord of Mount Hermer.

1307. Walter Stapleton, biíhop of Excter.

1327. King Edward III. 1350. John de Spoulee, mafter of the Ghiblim.

13 57. William of Wykeham, bp of Winchefter.

1375. Robert of Barnham.

Henry Yevele, called theking’s free mafon.

Simón Langham, abbot of Weftminfter.

1399. Thomas Fitz-Alien, earl of Surrey.

1413. Henry Chicheley, abp of Canterbury.

1443. William Wainfleet, bp of Winchefter.

1471. Richard Beauchamp, bpof Saliíbury, 14S5. King Henry VII. 1493. John Iílip, abbot of Weíhninfter.

1502. Sir Reginald Bray.

1515. Cardinal Thomas Wolfey.

1539. Thomas Cromwell, eatl of EíTex. 1540. John Touchet, lord Audley.

1549. Edward 3 F

402

TABLE

O F

GRAND

A. D. 1549. Edward Seymour, duke of Somerfet.

1551. John Poynet, biíliop of Winchefter.

156t. Sir Thomas Sackville.

1 567. Francis RufΓel,earl of Bedford.

Sir Thomas Greíliam. j 579. Charles Howard, earl of Effinghain.

1-588. George Haílings, earl of Huntingdon.

1603. King James I. 1607. Iñigo Jones.

1618. William Hcibcrt, earl of Pembroke.

1625. King Charles I. »630. Henry Danvers, earl of Danby.

1635. Thomas Howard, earl of Arundel.

Francis RuíTel, earl of Bedford.

Iñigo Jones.

1660. King Charles II. Henry Jermyn, earl of St. Albans.

1666. Thomas Savage, earl of Rivers.

1674. George Villars, duke of Buckingham.

Henry Bennet, earl of Arlington.

1685. Sir Chriftopher Wren.

1695. Charles Lenox, duke of Richmond 1698. Sir Chriftopher Wren,

1717. G. M. Anthony Sayer, gent.

G. W. | Capt. John Elliott, fen.

Jacob Lamball, jun.

1718. G. M. George Payne, efq.

John Cordwell, Thomas Morrice.

{

1719. G. M. J. T. Defaguliers, L.L. D. F. R. S. Γ Anthony Sayer, efq.

G. V . pj∙∣10ma5 ¡\iorrjce> -»7:0. G. M. George Payne, efq.

[Thomas Hobby, θ' W’ [Richard Ware.

OFFICERS.

1721. G. M. John duke of Montagu.

D. G. M. John Beal, M. D. G. W. { Joíiah Villeneau, Thomas Morrice.

G. fteward, Jofiah Villeneau.

z

1722. G. M. Philip duke of Wharton.

D. G. M. J. T. Defaguliers, L.L. D. F.R.S. G. W. ( Joíhua Timfon, J. Anderfon, A. M. G. S. William Cowper4 efq.

1723. G. M. Francis Scctt, earl of Dalkieth.

D. G. M. J.T. Defaguliers, L.L.D. F. R.S. [Francis Sorrel, efq. θ ∙ ∙ γJohn Senex.

G. S. William Cowrper, efq.

G. Stewards.

Henry Prude Capt. Benj. Hodges Giles Clutterbuck Edward Lamber!

John Shepherd Charles Kent.

1724. G. M. Charles Lenox, duke of Richmond D. G. M. Martín Folkes, efq.

George Payne, efq.

Francis Sorrel, efq.

G. S. William Cowper, efq.

G. Stewards.

Capt. Sam.Tuffnell Rich. Crofts Giles Taylor Peter Paúl Kemp Capt. Nath. Smith North Stainer.

1725. G. M. James Hamilton, Lord Paiíley.

D. G. M. J. T. Defaguliers, L.L. D. F. R.S. [Col. D. Houghton, G. W . q∙jl0. Prendergaft, bart.

G. S. William Cowper, efq.

G. fteward, John James Heidegger.

TABLE

O F

GRAN D

1726. G. M. Wm. Obrien, earl of Inchiquin.

D. G. M. William Cowper, efq. r Alexander Choke, efq. ' ‘ JW. Burdon, efq.

G. S. Edward Wilfon.

G. ñeward, Edward. Lambert.

J727. G. M. Henry Haré, lord Coleraine.

D. G. M. Alexander Choke, efq.

Nathanael Blackerby, efq.

Jofeph Highmore.

G. S. William Read.

G. íteward, Edward Lambert,

{

'i72S. G. M. James King, lord Kingfton.

D. G. M. Nathanael Blackerby, efq G IV í Sir James Thornhill, knt. ∙- Mart. OiConnor, efq.

G. S. William Read.

G. Stewards.

John Revis, efq..

Willi.un Wilfon, William Tew, Edwin Ward, Samuel Stead, William Hopkins, Theod. Cheriholm, Thomas Reafon, Thomas Alford, William Benn, H. Smart.

Gerard Hatley,

1729-30. G. M. Tho. Howard, dukeofNorfolk D. G. M. Nathanael Blackerby, efq. rCol. Geo. Carpenter, G. λ∖ . 'γ'jq101nas βatfon, efq.

G. T. Nath. Blackerby, efq.

G. S. William Read.

G. Stewards.

William Serjeant, John Revis, efq.

James Chamberí, efq.

Samuel Stead, ----- Pread, Edwin Ward, —•— Bardo, fenior, William Wilfon, ----- Bardo, Júnior, Thomas Reafon, Charles Hoar.

William Tew,

OFFICERS.

403

A. D. 1731. G. M. T. Coke, lord Lovel.

D. G. M. Thomas Batfon, efq. r j George Douglas, M. D. θ' ' lJames Chambers, efq.

G. T. Nath. Blackerby, efq.

G. S. William Read.

G. Steward?.

G. Douglas, M. D. John Haines, J. Chambers, efq.

William Milward, Tho. Moorc, efq.

Roger Lacy, John Atwood, efq.

Charles Trinquand, Tho. Durant, efq.

John Calcot, George Page, John King.

1732. G. M. Ant. Brown, lord vife. Montacute.

D. G. M. Thomas Batfon, efq.

George Rooke, efq.

James Moor Smyth, efq.

G. T. Nath. Blackerby, efq.

G. S. William Read.

G. Stewards.

George Rook, efq.

Claud Crefpigny, efq, J. Moor Smyth, efq.

William Blunt, efq.

John Bridges, efq.

Col. John Pitt, Wyrriott Orraond, efq. Henry Tatam, Arthur Moore, efq.

Thomas Griffith, Vinal Taverner, efq.

Solomon Mendez.

1733. G. M. James Lyon, earl of Strathmore.

D. G. M. Thomas Batfon, efq.

C James Moor Smyth, efq.

G. V . jqoljt j0j1n Ward.

G. T. Nath. Blackerby, efq.

G. S. William Read.

G. S. B. George Moody.

G. Stewards.

John Ward, efq.

J. Mifaubin, M. D. John Pollexfen, cíq.

John Dwight, H. Butlcr Pacy, efq.

Richard Baugh, John Read, efq.

Thomas Shapk, James Cofens, William Buíby, efq.

Charles Robinfon.

Philip Barnes, efq.

3F 2 1734. G. M>

404

0F

TABLE

GRAND

A. D. 1734.

Jθhn Lindfay, cari of Craufurd.

D. G. M. Sir Cetil W∣ay, bart.

Hon John Ward, Sir Edward Manfell, bart.

G. T. Nath. Blackerby, efq.

G. S. John Revis, efq.

G. S. B. G jorge Moody.

G. Stcwards.

Sir Ed. Manfell, bart. Richard Matthews, efq R. Rawlinfon, L.L.D. Fotherly Baker, efq.

F. R. S. Sam. Berrington, efq.

John Pitt, efq.

C. Holtzendorf, efq.

Ifaac Mucre, efq.

Wm. Verelft, efq.

Prcfcot Pcpper, efq.

H. Hutchinfon, efq.

Chriíl. Nevile, efq.

1735. G. M. T. Thynne, lord vifc. Weymouth.

D. G. M. Ilon. John Ward.

CSir Edward Manfclf, bart.

G- W- 2 Mart. Clare, A. M. F. R. S. G. T. Nath. Blackerby, efq.

G. S. John Revis, efq.

G. S. B. George Moody.

G. Stcwards.

Sir Ro. Lawley, bart. Ch. Flcctwood, efq.

W. Graetne, M.D.F.R.S.Tho. Bccch, efq.

Mart.Clare,A.M.F.R.S. Roben Wright, J. Thcobald, M. D. Tho. Slaughtcr, M. Schombcrg, M. D. James Naíli, Capt. Ralph. Farwinter, William Hogarth.

1736. G. M. John Campbcll, cari of Loudon.

D. G. M. Hon. John Ward.

CSir Robcrt I.awley, bart.

G. W. «J w Grxme, M. d p. R. s.

G. T. Nath. Blackerby, efq.

G. S. John Revis, efq.

G. S. B. George Moody.

G. Stewards.

E. Hody, M.D. F.R.S. John Gouland, I. Schomberg, jun. M. D.Benj. Gafcoyne, Ja. Ruck, jun. efq.

Walter Weldon,

I

O F F I C E R S.

A. D. 1736.

John Jefie, ----- Rofs, efq.

Cha. Champion,

Richard Sawler James Pi ingle, Francis Blythe.

1737. G. M. Edw. Bligh, earl of Darnley.

D. G. M. Hon. John Ward.

Sir Robert Lawley, bart.

W. Graeme, M.D. F. R. Si G. T. Nath. Blackcrby^efq.

G. S. John Revis, efq.

G. S. B. George Moody.

G. Stewards.

Sir Bouch. Wray, bart. Peter MiCulloch, Lew. Thcobald, M. D- Tho. Jeffreys, Geo. Bothomly, efq.

Peter Leige, Tho. Boehm, efq.

I Cha. Murray, el'q.

Capt. John Lloyd,.

Benjamin Da Cofia, Capt. Cha. Scott, Nath. Adams.

1738. G. M. H. Brydges, marq. of Caemarvon.

D. G. M. Hon. John Ward. rLord George Graham, [Captain Andrew Robinfon.

G. T. John JeíTe, efq.

G. S. John Revis, efq.

G. S. B. George Moody.

G. Stewards.

Capt. And. Robiníon, St. Beaumont, M. D, Robert Foy, efq.

Mofes Mendez, Ja. Colquhoun, efq.

Geo. Monkman, Wm. Chapman, efrj 8⅛phen Le Bas, Henry Higden, e!q.

Chriftopher Taylor, Harry Leigh, efq.

Simón de Charmes.

1739. θ∙ M. Robert lord Raymond.

D. G. M. W. Graeme, M. D. F. R. S. J. Harvey Thuríby, efq.

G. W Robert Foy, efq.

G. T. John Jeífe, efq.

G. S. John Revis, efq.

G. S. B. George Moody.

G. Stew∙

TABLE

OF

GRAND

A. D. 1739.

G. Stewards.

Jn. Chicheíler, efq.

Nath. Oldham, Alex. Pollock, Edward Maílers, Tho. Adamfon, Jof. Harris, Thomas Parry, Rich. Robinfon, Gεo. Armflrong.

Paúl Hen. Robinfon, Ifaac Barret, Sam. Lowman.

1740. G. M. John Keith, earl of Kintore.

D. G. M. Wm. Grasme, M. D. F. R. S. {■James Ruck, efq.

G- W ∙ ∖W. Vaughan, efq.

G. T. John Jefle, efq.

G. S. John Revis, efq.

G. S. B. George Moody.

G. Stewards.

Efquire Cary, James Bernard, Manfel Branlby, David Dumouchel, W. Vaughan, efq.

Bryan Dawfon, John Faber, William Rtíck, John Saint, • Mich. Comburne, John Soudon, George Mafon.

1741. G. M. James Douglas, earl of Morton.

D. G. M. Martín Clare, A. M. F. R. S {W. Vaughan, efq.

Benjamín Gafcoyne, efq.

G. T. John JcíTe, efq.

G. S. John Revis, efq.

G. S. B. George Moody.

G. Stewards.

Count E. Fr. Taube, William Salt, William Arnold, Daniel Carne, Lewis De Vaux, James Wallaee, Edward Rudge, John Gordon, Richard Shergold, Peter Hemet, James Spranger.

George Catón,

1742. G. M. John, lord rife. Dudley and Ward.

D. G. M. Sir Robert Lawley, bart. jE. Hody, M. D. F. É. S. W∙ γg. Berrington, efq.

OFFICE RS.

405.

A. D. 2742. G. T. John Jefle, efq.

G. S. John Revis, efq.

G. S. B. George Moody.

G. Stewards.

Edward Trevor, John Traile, A. M. Talbot Waterhoufe, Henry Liel, efq.

Rob. Bateman Wray, Edm. Brydges, William Vol, Ant. Benn, Stephen Rogers, Thomas Pownal, Peter Le Maiílre, Jof. Lycett.

1743. G. M. John, lord vife. Dudley and Ward.

D. G. M. Sir Robert Lawley, bart. τ rE. Hody, M. D. F. R. S. ' \S. Berrington, efq.

G. T. John Jefle, efq.

G. S. John Revis, efq.

G. S. B. George Moody.

No Grand Feaft.

1744. G. M. Tho. Lyon, earl of Strathnsore.

D. G. M. William Vaughan, efq.

W. Gíreme, M. D. F. R. S. Fotherly Baker, efq.

G. T. John Jefle, efq.

G. S. John Revis, efq.

G. S. B. George Moody.

G. Stewards.

H.& Rev.Godf.Dawnay, John Coggs, William Mountaine, Tho. Clipperton, Thomas Grifliths, Tho. Leddiard, efq.

Tho, Smith,1 efq.

Charles Dubuy, John To.rr, Luke Alder, Peter Gordon.

Robert Mitchel, 1745. G. M. James, lord Cranftoun.

D. G. M. Edw. Hody, M. D. F. R. S. Γ Fotherly Baker, efq.

G‘ W∙ "^Thomas Smith, efq.

G. T. John Jeflι∙, efq.

G. S. John Revi. efq.

G. S. B. Thomas SLughter.

3 G

G. Stew∙

TABLE

OF

GRAND

A. D. ,745∙ G. Stewards.

Francis Jackman, George Pile, M. D. John Villeneau, Geo. Povvlett, efq.

James Whitworth, William Rogers,

John Stone, James Bennet, efq.

James Wilsford, Tho. Chaddocke, Robert Cheeke, Fleming Plnkftan,

¿746. G. M. James lord Cranftoun.

D. G. M. Edw. Hody, M. D. F. R. S. fFotherly Baker, efq.

G. ∖∖ . '^'j'j10n1as Smith, efq.G. T. John Jefle, efq.

G. S. John Revi?, efq.

G. S. B. Daniel Carne» No Grand Feaft.

1747. G. M. William, lord Byron.

D, G. M. Fotherly Baker, efq. r r Hon. Robert Shirley, G. AÁ . ^rpjloma5 Jcfferys, efq.

G. T. John Jefle, efq.

G. S. John Revis, efq.

G. S. B. Daniel Carne.

G. Stewards.

Jof. Lycett, Mat. Creyghton, John Spranger, John Feary, T. Manningham, M. D. Peter Clerke, Pheafant Hartley Rob. Shirley, efq.

Georgc Clarke, Robert Young, Col. S. Berrington.

William∙ Rngers, 1748. The fame.—No Grand Feaft.

1749. The fame.—No Grand Feaft.

1750. The fame.—No Grand Feaft.

’75x. The fame.—No Grand Feaft.

1752. G.M. John lord Carysfort.

D» G. M, Tho. Manningham, M. D.

OFFICERS.

A. D. 1752. r w íHon- Carmichad, u, n • {Sir R. Wrottefley, bart.

G. T. John Jefle, efq.

G. S. John Revis, efq.

G. S. B. Daniel Carne.

G. Stewards.

Hon. J. Carmichael, Richard Lañe, Sir R. Wrottefley, bart. Thαmas Taylor, Ber. Joach. Botefotir, Charle» Wale, John Jourdan, Robert Marcellus, Jof. Breuitt, Gcorge Steidell, George Forbes, Stephen Younge, j753∙ g∙ John lord Carysfort.

D. G. M. Tho. Manningham, M. D. fSir R. Wrottefley, bart.

G. \\ . 'ι∣ prarlcjs ]31⅛e Delaval, efq.

G.. T. George Clarke, efq.

G. S. John Revis, efq.

G. S. B. Daniel Carne.

G. Stewards.

Peter Leigh,efq..

James Shrudaer, William Bizet, John Price, Mark Adílon, Tho. Apreece, efq.

Hon. Capt.W.Montague Henry Smith, Fian. Blake Delaval, efq. Buckle Banfon, Capt. Edward Eyre, Richard Savage, efq.

1754. G. M. Ja. Brydges, marq. of Caernarvon.

D. G. M. Tho. Manningham, M, D. r Fleming Pinkftan, θ, * ∖Arthur Beardmore G. T. George Clarke, efq.

G. S. J ohn Revis, efq.

G. S. B. Daniel Carne.

G. Stewards.

Arthur Beardnaore, Martín Capron, James Dickfon, Hon. Cap. Ch. Proby, William Singleton, Samuel Markham, Samuel Spenccr, John Atkinfon, George Diemar, Godfrey Springal, Thomas Douglas» David Humphrys, 1755. θ- m∙ Jamei

TABLE

OF

GRAND

A. D.

,755∙ θ∙ M∙ Ja. Brydges,htarq. ofCaernarvon.

D. G. M. Tho∙ Manningliam, M. D. rHon. H. Tonwnfend, G' " ' (james Dickfon, efq.

G. S. George Clarke, eíq.

G. T. John Revis, efq.

G. S. B. Daniel Carne, G. Stewards.

Hon. H. Townfend, Chriftian Heineken, Rev. John Entick, Cafpar Schombart, Fredéric Maurer, Rev. Λ1artin Defprez James Shepheard, Thomas Singleton, William Townfend, James Gifford, Charles Pearce.

Albert Vandevelde,

1756. G. M. Ja. Brydges, marq. of C⅛ernarvon.

D. G. M. TI o. Manningham, M. D. C James Naíb, efq. θ" ^Bern. Joach. Boetefeur, eíq.

G. T. Gecrge Clarke, efq.

G. S. John Revis, efq.

G. S. B. Mark Adfton.

G. Stewards.

Thomas Hayward, Henry Gunter, Th. Marriott Perkins, Charles Hoyle, Martín Klencke, Mark Goodfieíli, Jof. Axtell William Andiews, Gabriel Rifoliere, Th .mas Ccbb, James Pollard, Charles MaíTey. 1757. θ"∙ Sholto lord Aberdour.

D. G, M. John Revis, efq. rWilliaip Chapman, efq. θ' [Al rt ' r3∏develde, efq.

G. T. Georse .ai - rfq.

G. 8. San: .el Spencer.

G. ■. B. .∖.ιrk λdιt n.

G, Stewards.

Humphry Jacklon, Keniick Peck, Richard Hill, John Fred, Van. Gib en, Lang

”,

OFFICE RS.

A. D. τ757.

Paúl Berthon, John Young, Robert Lloyd,

407

Thomas Glcgg, John Wildfmith, Adam Nuttal.

1758. G. M. Sholto lord Aberdour.

D. G. M. John Revis, efq. g w ∫J∙ Dickfon, efq.

[Thomas Singleton, efq.

G. T. George Clarke, efq.

G. S. Samuel Spencer.

G. S. B. Mark Adíton.

Adam Nuttal, Philip Scriven, A braham Hart, George Rudd, Jonathan Scott, Capt. Cha. Tuffnall, Thomas Williams, Frederic Kohte, Obadiah Wright, Ralph Bates, efq.

John Rowley, Capt. James Wheeley.

1759. G. M. Sholto lord Aberdour.

D. G. M. John Revis, efq.

G. W. í J‘ DÍCkf°n’ efq’ [ I liornas Singleton. efq.

G. T. George Clarke, efq.

G. S. Samuel Spencer.

G. S. B. Mark Adflon.

No Grand Fcaíl.

1760. G. M. Sholto lord Aberdour.

D. G. M. John Revis, efq.

C C. Schombart, efq.

G- W- ^Charles Maffey, efq.

G. T. George Clarke, efq.

G. S. Samuel Spencer.

G. S. B. Mark Adñon.

G. Steivards.

William Barber, William Smith, William Potier, John Burrell, Robert Harding, John Aú, eíq.

John Ramfey, John Friday, Thomas Smith, Roivl. Bcrkclcy,efq.

Robert Jones.

George Ktatell, 17t1. G> M. Sholto

408

TABLE

OF

GRAND

O F F I C E R S.

A. D.

A. D.

1761. G. M. Sholto lord Aberdour.

D. G. M. John Revis, efq.

C G. Schombart, efq.

G. U . ^Charles Maffey, efq.

1764. q

,G. T. George Clarke, efq.

G. S. Samuel Spencer.

G. S. B. Mark Adfton.

No Grand Feaft.

1762. G. M. Waíhington Shirley, earl Férrers.

D. G. M. John Revis, efq.

CCol. John Salter, θ, Robert Groat, efq.

G. T. George Clarke, efq.

G. S. Samuel Spencer, G. S. B. Mark Adílon.

G. Steward⅜∙ William Chapman, Col. John Salter, Francis Bickcrton, Robert Groat, Thomas Dyne, Robert Laurie, -------- Dun, Henry Jaffray, Sir Rich. Glynn, bart. John Benfon, Stephen Day, Bryan Troughton.

1763. G. M. Washington Shirley, earl Ferrers, D. G. M. Col. John. Salter. Γ Robert Groat, efq.

G. W . Thomas Edmonds, efq.

G. T. George Clarke.

G. S. Samuel Spencer.

G. S. B. Mark Adílon.

G. Stewards.

Jofeph Power, William Hodgfon, Thomas Alleyne, Thomas Edmonds, fen.

Chriítian Poppe, Cha. Churchman, Capt. Moller, George Carnaby, Richard Wright, Richard Hearne, Philip Colé, Hon. Tho, Harlcy.

1764. G. M. CadwalladerlordBlayney.

D. G. M. Col. John Salter.

5 Hon. Thomas Shirley,

¿ Thomas Alleyne, efq.

G. T. George Clarke, efq.

G. S. Samuel Spencer.

G. S. B. Mark Adfton.

G. Stewards.

Thomas Treílove, Jonathan Michie, John Nix, John Colleck, James Burgefs, James Alleyne, Thomas Shirley, efq. Thomas Edmonds, Thomas Woolfey, Edward Hoare, William Wray.

William Aíhburner, 1765. G. M. Cadwallader lord Blayney.

D. G. M. Col. John Salter.

C Richard Ripley, efq.

G. W . Captain Charles Tuffnal, efq.

G. T. George Clarke, efq.

G. S. Samuel Spencer.

G. S. B. Mark Adfton.

G. Stewards.

Ant. Keck, efq.

Chrift. Cotterell, Richard Ripley, efq.

John Nix, Ant, Tenbroeke, Joíeph Dixon, John Forbes, Rice W'illiarhs, Peter Edwards, Horado Ripley, efq.

Joíltua Kitfon, Geo. Forbes.

/766. G. M. Cadwallader lord Blavney.

D. G. M. Col John Salter.

«•Peter Edwards, efq. ' ^^lloratio Ripley, efq.

G. T. Rowland Be'keiey, eíq.

G. S. ;muel Spencer.

G. S. B. Mark Adfton.

G. Stewards..

----- Pye, efq.

Ant. Deveyer, William Cuthbertfon, Peter Laimillier, Robert James, Richard Dickfon, Pinkft. Blackwood, Ant. Girardot, efq.

Dr. St. John, Geo. Paterfon, efq.

William Collins, John Michie, efq.

1767. G. M.

409 A. D. X767. G. M. Henry duke of Beaufort.

D. G. M. Col. John Salter» rHon. Charles Dillon, G. λ∖ . γcapt. a, Campbell» G. T. Rowland Berkeley, efq.

G. S» Samuel Spencer.

G. S. B. Thomas Dyne.

G. Stewards. »P. Cap. Al. Campbell, Thomas French, T. Lieu.Col.Twiíleton, Hon. Charles Dillon, S. F. Twiíleton, efq. Nathaniel Serjeant, Charles Taylor, H. V. Oudermeulen, Thomas Brooke, Edw. Shephetd, efq.

James Hefeltine, efq» Samuel Way, efq.

1768. G. M. Henry duke of Beaufort.

D. G. M. Hon. Charles Dillon. t Rowland Holt, efq.

G. ∖λ . fqenry Jaffray, efq.

G. T. Rowland Berkeley, efq.

G.S. Thomas F>ench.

G. S. B. Thomas Dyne.

G, Stewards.

P. Rowland Holt, efq.

William Settree, T. Major John Deaken, Jervis Cntchley, John Maddocks, 8. John Derwas, Francis Johnfton, JRich. Rofe Drewe, John Bowman, James Leiíhman, John Riehardíbn, Peter Ranert»

>4769. G. M. Henry duke of Beaufort.

D. G. M. Hon. Charles Dillon» f Rowland Holt, efq» G. . ∙∣ Charles Taylor, efq.

G. T. Rowiand Berkeley, ∙fq, G. S. James Hefeltine, efq.

G. S. B. William Smith.

G. Stewaids.

P. Col. Ch. Rainsford, Eph. Gorliet> Muller, 7', ****** John Alien, efq.

S. William Birch, efq. William Paterfon,

A. D. 1769.

Thomas Settree⅛ Edwatd Keightley, Thomas Lecon,

Peter Veíleuburg, Capt. P. Hardwicke, John And>*rfoiil

1770. G, M. Henry duke of Beaufort.

D. G. M. Hon. Charles Dillon.

Rowland Holt, efq.

G. W. Sir W. W. Wynne, bart» G. T. Rowland Berkeley, efq, G. S. James Hefeltine, efq» G. S. B. William Smith» G. SteWards.

I’. Sir W. W. Wynne, bart. James Farmer, T» John DobbinS-, Joléph Binley, S. Stephen Freneau.

John Wilfon, Hon. H. Seym.Conway, Henry Pagge, efq.

William Edén, efq.

Geofge Hayter, Peter Anf. Delius, John W. Holwell,el¾∣

177 1. G. M. Henry duke of Beaufort.

D. G. M. Hon. Charles Dillon.

G W í S*r ^r∙ Williams Wynne, bart.

C William Hodgfon, efq.

G. T. Rowland Berkeley, efq» G. S. James Hefeltine, efq.

G. S. B. William Smith.

G. Stewards.

P, Sir T. Tancted, bt. Thomas Brown, efq.

T. Wm. Atkinfon, efq. Alexander Moultrie, efq.

S. George Gillio, ef<]. John Brockbank, Sir John Blois, bart. James Bottomley, Dominick Mead, efq. James Harrifoh, Henry Chittick, efq. Thomas Williamfou

1772. G. M. Robert Edward lord Petre D. G. M. Hon. Charles Dillon.

Sir Peter Parker, knf.

G. W. William Atkiníbn, efq.

G.T. Rowland Berkeley, elq.

G. S. James Hefeltine, efq.

G. S. B. John Derwas.

• 7bofe-msrkcd P. were prefidenw,'T, treaΛιrWS, »nd ?. fwrtiries of their rcfpeittvς aoards» G, Ste.vards» 3 H

410

TΛBLE

O F

GRAND

A. D.

1772.

G. Stewards.

P. Sir Peter Parker, bt. Thomas I’arker, efq.

T. Ja. Galloway, efq. John Shaw, S. f. Ferd. Gillio, efq. John Johnfon, 'Γheob. Eurke, efq. Hon. Edm. Butler, John Townfon, efq. John Eailey, efq.

Tho. Evance, efq. Bartli. Rufpini.

j773. θ∙ Robert Edward lord Petre.

D. G. M. Hon. Charles Dillon.

John Croft, efq.

J. Ferdinando Gillio, efq.

G. T. Rowland Berkeley, efq.

G. S. James Hefekine, efq* DeEwas.

Stewards.

P. John Croft, efq.

Naph. Franks, efq.

T. James Nield, William Crofier, S. John Hull, efq..

John Ainflie, John Hewitt, Hon. Tho. Noel, Robt. Sparrow, efq. Lowen Hoad, William Harris, efq , Thomas Daw.

{

1774. G. M. Robert Edivard lord Petre.

D. G. M. Hon. Charles Dillon. rlíon. T. Noel, θ ’ JJohn Hatch, efq.

G. T. Rowland Berkeley, efq., G. S. James Hcfeltine, efq.

G. S. B. John Derw'íis.

G. Stewards.

P. Fra. Minfhull, efq.. George Durant, efq.

T. Rich. Baikcr, efq. Tho. Martín, S. Peter Simond, efq. Rich. Templar,.

John Hatch,. efq.

Alexander Dow, Sir T. Fowke, knt. James Mift, Robert Butler, efq. Robert Brown, efq.

,775∙ θ∙ M∙ Robert Edward lord Petre..

D. G. M. Rowland Holt, efq». r Tilomas Parker, efq. °∙w∙ {joh0 Hull, efq.

O F F I C E R S.

A. D. ,775∙ G. T. Rowland Berkeley, efq.

G. S. James Hcfeltine, efq.

G. S. B. John Derwas.

G. Stewards.

Walter Smith, efq.

P. Capt. C. Frederick, T» Th. TomfonTutt, efq. William Atkinfon, John Turner, S. William Wh⅛e, Cutbbert Potts, Capt. A<Murray, Capt. Geo. Smith, Edmund Sinith, Alexander MζKowL Thomas Lynch, e£q.

1 776. G. BT. Robert Edward lord Petre..

D. G. M. Rowland Holt, efq. fCol. John Deaken, G‘ - \ George Harrifon, efq.

G T. Rowland Berkeley, efq.

G. S. James Hefeltine, efq.

G. S. B. Francia Johnfton.

G. Stewards.

Rd. Drake, efq...

P. Capt M. H. Pafcal, James Croíby, T. C. Marfil, efq.

Edward Trelawney^ S. G. Harrifon, efq.

Tho. Mcggifon, efq. John Bait’, John Ducket, Rd. Troward, efq.

Aaron Bateman..

Fr. Soy. Coíby,.efq..

1777. θ∙ George duke of Manchefter.

D. G. M. Rowland Holt, efq. rCapt.M. H. Pafcal, θ' W": J_John Alien, efq.

G. T. Rowland Berkeley, efq⅛ G. S. James Hefeltine, efq..

G. S.. B. Francis Johnfton.

G. Stewards.

P. James Worfley,,efq.

Richard Gamón, efq..

T. F. Franco,efq.

Dr. Reynolds, S. John Frith, Row. Dawk. Manfel,.

George HeíTe, efq..

Edward Halfhide, John Cooper, Adam Dunford, John Milis.

Dr. Ifaac Sequeira, 1778. G. M. George

TABLE

O F

G RAN D

A. D. >778. G. M. George duke of Mancheíler.

D. G. M. Rowl⅛nd Holt, eíq.

C Henry Dagge, efq. ^Charles Marfil, efq.

G.T. Rowland Berkeiey, efq.

G. S. James Hefeltine, efq.

G. S. B. James Bottomley.

G. Stewards.

P. Hon. Ld C. Montague, Thomas Wright, T. Benjamín Lyon, eíq.

Jonarhan White, S. G. W. Carrington, efq. J. Richi trdi, T. II. Broadhead, efq. John Yeomans, Rt. Biggin, efq.

Wpliam Omans, George Lempricre, efq. John Pilkington.

177g. G. M. George duke of Manchefier.

D. G. M. Rowland Holt, efq.

C l ord Vifcount Tamworth, G. V . ^George Hefle, efq.

G. T. Rowland Bcrkcley, efq..

G. S. James HeTeltihe, efq.

G. S. B. James Bottomley.

G. Stewards.

P. Lord Vifc. Tamworth, George Grieve, efq.

T. Jofeph Newton, efq. John Hemftcd, Jofeph Ncwnham S. James Penrce, Jacob Torban, Annefley Shee, Rowland Minns, T. B. Handafyd,.

Andrew O'Brien.

Fred. Abel, efq».

1780. G. M. George dulte of Mancheíler.

D. G. M.. Rowland Holt, efq. r John Peach Hungerford, efq.

G. W. j ,p}leθphijus 'pompfon Tutt, efq., G. T. Rowland Berkeiey, efqC James Hefeltine, eíq. g∙s'2 Wii iam White.

G. S. B. James BottomleyG. Stewards.

PercivalPott, eíq.

P. Francis Franco, efq.

T. C. Vanderftop, eíq» Sherborne Stuart, efq.

J. P. Hungerford, efq.

S. O. Cromwel Vil»,

O F F I C E R S.

A. D. 1780.

J. Johnflon, Jofeph Smith, WiUiam Fry,

41!

John Serjeant, John Mettenius, Wm. Collins, jun. efq»

178r. G. M. George duke of Mancheíler.

D. G. M. Rowland Holt, efq. θ W jSir John St. Aubyn, bart. * J James Galloway, efq.

G. T. Rowland Berkeiey, eíq..

James Hefeltine, efq.

WiUiam White.

G. S. B. James Bottomley.

G. Stewards.

P. Mofes Levy, efq.

John Kupky, T. l’eter Planck, WiUiam Fleming, S. John Maríliall, George Hartnr.ιn⅛ Henry Cotton, Frederick Eacli, John Ratcliffe, Williatn Hough, Philip Crcfpigny, efq. Sir John St. Aubyn, br»

{

1782. G. M. Henry Frcd. duke of Cumberland.

Aít. G. M. Tilomas cari of Effingham D. G. M. Rowland Holt, efq.

Sir Herbert Mackworth, bart, Philip Crefpigny, efq.

G. T. Rowland Berkeiey, efq.

James Hefeltine, efq.

William White.

G. S. B. James Bottomley.

G. StewardsP. Sir H. Mackworth, bt. Roben Pingfi.>n⅛ T. Thomas Prefton, efq. Fleming Frenen, Williatn Mayne, S. Edward Hill, Benjamin Lancafier, George Barclay, Samuel Benge, John I’aiba, Benjamin Skutt, James Carr.

1783. G. M. Henry Fred. duke of Cumberland.

Ach G. M. Thomas cari of Effingham.

D. G. M; Rowland Hok, eíq. rHon. Waíhington Shirley, G’ {.Geo. Wm. Carrington, efq, 1783. G. T. Row-*

TABLE

0F

GRAND

a. n.

«783, G. T. Rowland Berkeley, cfq.

James Hefcltine, efq. * Wiljinin White.

■G- S. B. James Bottomley, G. Stewards. r. I-Ton, Waflι. BWrtey, A bu hurtes, T. James Meyúck, efq. Thomas Settree, jun.

S. William Faden, James Rowley, William Tylcr, efq.

Simeón Pope, W. Mitcb. Sale, cfq. Samuel Fulliam, William Miller. ⅞Viiliam Norte,

O F F I C E R S.

T)e∙von, Sir Charles Warwick Bampfylde, bart.

Dorfetfhir.e, Ej]cx, Gloucefíerjbirc, and Somerfetjbirt,

Thomas Duackerley, efq. Hampton-court Palace.

Georgia, Hon. Noble Jones.

Grenada, &c. bis excellency Robert Melviü, efq, Guernjcy, Jcrβy, icc. T. Dobree, efq.

"Jamaica, Sir Peter Parkcr, bart. Poι tman∙fquare< Lancaflñre, John Alien, elq. Clement’s Inn, London.

Lelcefterfhire, Sir T. Fowkc, Clarges-úreet, Madras, Capt. Edmtind Paícall.

Maryland, Henry Harford, efq. ’* Rcfigned at the G id Feaíl, 1784, Montferr.at, William Ryan, efq.

Raptes and Sicily, kingdoms of, Duke de Sandctne∙ trio Pignatelli.

Norfolk and .clty of NorwrcZ?, Edward Bαcoκ, efq, of Erleíham.

PROVINCIAL GRAND MASTERS. Nortbumbcrland, John Errjngton, efq.

Rettingbam/bire, Tho. Boothby Parkyns, efq. ^MER1CA, Rortb, TI. l’ríce, efq. of Boílon. .Piedmont, in Italy, Count de Bcrnez.

Antigua, William JatVis, efq.

Poland, Count de Hulfen, (,alatine of Mfciílaw, Armenia, Dionyfius Manaflé.

Radnor, C. Maríl), eíq. .War-office.

Atrflrian 'Rcibcrlands, the Marqtiis de Gages of RitJ/ia, his excellency John Yelaguine, fenator, Mons. privy counfellor, member of the cabinet, &c.

T> abanta I/iands, James Bradforil, efq. to her Imperial Majefty the Emprefs of Ruília, Jlarbadoes, Hon. Benjamín Gittens. ⅝ and knt. of the Poliíh order of the λVhite Bcrtjhire, Col. J<>hn I)ςaken, Great I-o⅛e, Eagle, and of St. Stanillaus.

Windfor Parle. .St. Croix, John Ryan, efq.

Re>nιuda l<lands, William Popplc, efq. .Snfidi, Rowland Holt,efq. of Re⅛rave.

Rombay, James Todd, efq. .Sur>y, Thomas Parker, efq. Puttenham, near J3ruttj^ιvick and íunenbnrg, liís ferene híghnefs Guildtord.

Prince Fcrdinand of Bruntwick.

S∙ιueden, Cha. Fred. Count Scheffer, &c. .Canaria, John Coílins, efq. oí Quebec.

Wales, Seutb, Sir Herbert Mackworth, bart. Ca» .CbcJlire, Hon. John Smith Barry, efq. of Bel. vendiíh-fquare. mont.

Zbr⅛⅛∣rr, Sir Walter Vavaíór, bart. <Cornυeall, Stcpb. Bell, efq. oí Falmouth.

Cumberlaκd, lien. Ellifop, cfq. Whitehavςn. y

{

LÍST

[

L

]

413

s

I

T

O F

U

B

c

S

T 0

H

A

•

I

R THE

L

LO

To

A U G

U

J.j IS Royal Highn. the D. of Cumberland, G.M. Earlof Efi⅛igham, Aéling G. M; His Grace the Duke of Manchefter, P. G. M. Rigbt Hon. Lord Petre, P. G. M. Earl Ferréis, P. S. G. W. Earl of Antrim.

Right Hon. Vifc. Tamworth, P. S. G. W. Rowland Holt, efq. D. G. M. and Prov. G. M. for Suffolk.

Hon. William Ward, S. G. W. James Meyricke, efq. J. G. W. Rowland Berkeley, efq. G. T. James Hefeltine, efq. P. G. S. Thomas Sandby, efq. G. A. Mr. James Bottomley, G. S. B. Sir Peter Parker, bart. Prov.'

G. M. for Jamaica, John Croft, efq.

Thomas Parker, efq. Prov. > P. S. G. Ws. G. M. for Surrey, Henry Dagge, efq.

Sir John St. Aubyn, bart.

R

X

L

S

E

B

T,

A

N; *

1784.

Sir Herb. Mackworth, bart. Prov." ? p 5 q ~ G. M. for South Wales, 5 William Hodgfon, efq. '∣ William Atkinfon, efq.

John Hull, efq.

George Harrifon, efq.

J. Alien, efq. Prov.G.M. for Lañe.

Charles Marfil, efq. Prov. G. M. _ for Radnoilhíre,* >P.J.G.W..

George HeíTe, efq.

Theophilus Tompfon Tutt, efq.

James Galloway, efq. l’hilip Champion Crefpigny, efq.

George William Carrington, efq. J Thomas Dunckerley, efq. Pr. G. M. for Eflex, ⅛c.

Henry Harford, efq. Pr. G. M. for Maryland.

Bartholomew Rufpini, efq. No. 408, Lodge of the Nine Mufes.

Mr. William Rigge, No. 1, Lodge of Antiquity.

Mr. Peter Planck, No. 2, Somerfet-houfe Lodge.

John Beardfivorth, efq. dittq.

* Sce p. 33τ, and 343.

3 I

William

4’4

SUBSCRIBERS TO THE HALL LOAN.

William Pickett, cfq. alderm. oí London, No. 163, London Lodge.

Mr. John Pilkington, No. 47, Stewards’Lodge.

Mr. John Hodges, No. 98, Sea Captains Lcdge, Benjamín Lyon, efq. No. 2, Somerfet-houfe Lodge.

Mr, Jofeph Proéter, No. tg, Caftle Lodge of Har. mony.

Percival Pott, jun.efq.No.2,Somerfet-houfe Lodge.

Mr. Edward Hill, ditto.

John Philip Merckle, efq. of Holland.

Mr. James Nield, No. 2, Somerfet-houfe Lodge.

M. J. Levy, efq. ditto.

Francis Franco, efq. ditto.

Lionel Darel, efq. ditto.

Stephen Luíhington, efq. No. 29, Britannic Lodge.

Sir Barnard Turner, knt. alderman of London, No. 12, Lodge of Emulation.

William Shard, efq. No. 163, London Lodge.

Mr. William Fry, No. 47, Stewards’ Lodge.

John Harris, efq. ditto.

James Barbut, cfq. No. 24, Lodge of Attention.

Jacob Appleby, efq. No. 163, London Lodge.

Mr. Richard Cox, No. 105, Foundation Lodge.

Mr. J. Rozea, No. 4, Britifh Lodge.

Mr. Hen. Strickland, No. 105, Foundation Lodge.

Mr. Alex M'Kowl, No. 47, Stewards’Lodge.

Mr. Benj. Lancaíler, No. 2, Someríet-houfe Lodge.

Mr. Robert Cook, No. 270, Great Ilfotd, Eflex.

Mr. George Donadieu, No. 4, Britiíli Lodge.

Mr. William Barker, No. 1, Lodge of Antiquity.

Mr. John Piper, No. 8, Ionic Lodge.

Robert Ingram, efq. No. 2, Somerfet-houfe Lodge.

Robert Butler, efq. No. 3, Lodge of Fricndíhip» Sir Nicholas Nugent, bart. No. 2, Somerfet-houfe Lodge.

Nathaniel Newnham, efq. alderman of London, No. 3, Lodge of Friendfhip.

Redmond Simpfon, efq. No. 2, Somerfet-houfe Lodge.

Chιiftopher Paiker, efq. N0.3,Lodgeof Friendlhip.

Ifaac Serra, efq. No. 2, Somerfet-houfe Lodge.

Tho, Weft, efq. No. 458, Royal Cumb. Lod. Bath.

The Rev. Edmund Gardiner, ditto.

Charles Phillott, efq. ditto.

The Stewards’ lodge, Free-mafons’tavern.

2 Somerfet-houfe lodge, Free-mafons’tavern 3 Lodge of Fricndíhip, Thatchediioufe tavern, St. James’s-ftreet.

12 Lodge of Emulation, Paul’s Head tavern.

19 Caftle lodge of Harmony, Horn tavern, Doctors Commons.

23 St. Alban’s lodge, Thatched-houfe tavern, St. James’s-ftreet.

29 Britannic lodge, Star& Garter tav. Pall∙mall.

46 Bell, Exeter-ftreet, Strand.

86 Prince George, Plymouth.

95 Lodge of Love and Honour, Royal Standard, Falmouth.

114 Rofe and Crown, Crown ftreet, Weftminfler.

146 Shakefpeare, Covcnt-garden.

162 London lodge, London coffee-houfe, Ludgateftreet.

209 Caledonian lodge, Half-moon, Cheapfide.

216 Tufcan lodge, Oíd Crown and Rolls tavern, Chancery-lane.

218 Gothic lodge, Adam and Eve, Bo wling-ftreet, Dean’s Yard, Weftminfler.

238 George and Crown, Wakefield, Yorkíhire.

294 Lodge of Virtue, York Houfe, Bath.

358 Lodge of Jehofaphat, Briftol.

403 Lodge of Honour, Coopers’-arms, Struttonground, Weftminfler.

407 I.odge of Nine Mufes, Thatched-houfe tavern, St. James’s-ftreet.

412 Gnoll lodge, Neath, Glamorganíhire.

THE

[

415

i

THE

MASONIC

MUSE.

A N T H E M, fung by Mr. Du Bellamy, ai laying the Foundation Stone, and by Mr. Hudfon of St. PauΓs Cathedral, at the Dedication, of FreeMafons’ Hall.

*TκO Hcaven’s high ArchiteΛ all praife, A All praife, all gratitude be given, Who deign’d the human foul to raife, By myñic fecrets fprung from Heaven.

C 11 o κ v s.

Sound aloud the great Jehovah’s praife, To him the dome, the temple raife.

A N T H E M, Jet to Mujic by Dr. Fifher, and J'ung by Mr. Hudfon, at the Dedication of Free-mafons’ Hall.

C

O

H

A

R

I

U

S,

R.

It is like the dew of Hermon, which fell upon the hill of Zion: for there the Lord promifed his blefling and life for evermorc. Pial. 1^3.

3 I 2 R E C I-

4ι6

THE

MASO NIC

MUSE.

RECITATÍVE. Oh pray for the peace of Jerufalcm; they (hall profper that lovc thec.

C

H

O

R

U

S.

Yea, becaufe of the houfe of the Lord, I vvill feek to do thee good!

ODE, written by a Member of the Alfred Lodge at Oxford, fet to Mu­ fle by Dr. Fiíher, and performed at the Dedication of Free-mafons, Hall.

S

T

R

A I R.

O

P

H

E.

Norris.

TTT H AT folemn founds on holy Sinai rung, ’ τ When hcavenly lyres, by ángel fingers ítrung, Accorded to th’ immortal lay, That hymn’d creation’s natal day!

R E CIT AT IV E, accotnpanied.

Vernon.

’Twas then the fhouting fons of morn Blefs’d the great omnific word ;— Abaíh’d hoarfe jarring atoms heard, Forgot their pealing ftrife, And foftly crouded into life, When order, law, and harmony were born.

C H

0.

THE

MASONIC

C

H

1 11 <- i l ⅛ J

O x

R

U

MUSE;

4i7

S.

i , ' ...... f / ^.. . '

..

χ

The mighty ma∩er,s pcncil.warm Trac’d out the íhadowy form, And bade each fair proportion grace Smiling Nature’s modeft face.

A

I

R.

Γertιon.

Heaven’s rareft gifts were feen to join.

To deck a fmifh’d form. divine, And fill the fovereign artiíl’s plan; Th’ Almighty’s image ñamp’d the glowing frame, And feal’d him with the nobleft ñame, Archetype of beauty, Man.

ANTIS TROPHE.

SEMI

CHORUS

and

. •'

C H O R U S.

Ye fpirits puré, that rous’d the tuneful throng, .And loos’d to rapture each triumphant tongue, Again with quick inftinéiive fire, Each harmonious lip infpire: Again bid every vocal throat Diflolve in tender votive ftrain,

A

I

R.

4iδ

THE

MASONIC

A

I

R.

MUSE.

Vernon.

Now while yonder white-rob’d train Before the myñic íhrine In lowly adoration join, Now fweep the living lyre, and fwell the melting note;

R E C I T A T IV E.

Reinhold.

Yet ere the holy rites begin, The confcious íhrine within, Bid your magic fong impart,

A I R.

Reinhold.

How within the wafted heart Shook by paflion’s ruthlefs power, Virtue trimm’d her faded flower, To op’ning buds of faireft fruit.

How from majeftic Nature’s glowing face She caυght each animating grace, And planted there th’ immortal root.

E

P

O

RECITATIVE,

D

E.

accompanied.

Norris.

Daughter of gods, fair Virtúe, if to thee, And thy bright fifter, Univerfal Love, Soυl of all good. e’er flow’d the foothing harmony Of pious gratulation;------- from above To us, thy duteous votaries, impart Prefence divine.-----------

A I R

T H E

MASONIC

I

A

R.

MUSE

319

Norris.

----------- The fons of antique art, In high myfterious jubilee, With Psean loud, and folemn rite Thy holy ftep invite, And court thy liíFning ear, To drink the cadenee clear That fwells the choral fymphony.

C

O

H

R

U

S.

To thee, by foot profane untrod, Their votive hands have rear’d the high abode.

RECITATIVE.

Reinhold.

Here fhall your impulfe kind Infpire the tranced mind : A

I

R.

Reinhold.

And lips of Truth íhall fweetly tell What heavenly deeds befit, The foul by Wifdom’s leffon fmit; What praife he claims, who nobly fpυrns Gay vanities of life, and tinfel joys, For which unpurged faney burns.

C

H

O

R

U

S.

What pain he fhuns, who dares be wife ; What glory wins, who dares excel!

O D E

,⅛Δ

a

THE

420

MASONIC

ODE

on

MUSE.

Masonry.

The Words by Brother Jackson, andfet to Muβc by Brother Gilding.

I.

A K E tlie lute and quiv’ring ftrings, Myftic truths Urania brings ; Friendly vifitant, to thee We owe the depths of mafonry : Faireft of the virgin choir, Warbling to the golden lyre, Welcome here thy art prevail: Hail; divine Urania, hail!

vv

II. Here in friendfhip’s facred bower, The downy wing’d and fmiling hour, Mirth invites, and focial fong, Namelefs myfteries among: Crown the bowl, and fill theglafs, To ev’ry virtue, ev’rygrace; To the brother hood refound, Health, and let it thrice go round.

III. We redore the times of oíd, The blooming glorious age of gold; As the new creation free, Blcfs’d vvith gay Euphrofyne; We ∖vith godlike fcicnce talk, And with fair Aíh ea walk; Innocence adorns the day,

Brighter than the fmiles of May. IV. Pour

THE

MASONIC

MUSE.

421

Pour the rofy Wine again, Wake a louder, louder ftrain; Rapid zephyrs, as ye fly, Waft our voices to the íky; While we celébrate the Nine, And the wonders of the Trine; While the angels fing above, As we below, of peace and love.

O ByBROTHER

D

E.

DUNCKERLEY.

1 Lmighty fire 1 otir heav’nly king, Before whofe facred ñame we bend, Accept the praifes which we fing, And to our humble prayer attend.

A1I hail, great Archite<5¾ divine !

This univerfal frame is thine.

Thou who did’fi: Perfia’s king command, A proclamation to extend, That IfraeΓs fons might quit his land, Their holy temple to attend, All hail 1 &c.

That facred place, where three in one Compris’d thy comprehenfive ñame; And where the bright meridian fun, Was foon thy glory to proclaim.

All hail 1 &c.

3 K

Thy

422

T HE

MASO N IC

MUSE.

Thy rwatchjul eye, a length of time The wondrous árele did attend: The glory and the power be thine, Which fhall from age to age defeend.

All hail, &c.

On thy omnipotence wc reft, Secure of thy proteótion herc : And hope hereafter to be bleft, When we have left this vvorld of care.

AΠ hail, &c.

Grant us, great God, thy powerful aid, To guide us through this vale of tears; For where thy goodneís is diíplay’d, Peace foothes the mind, and pleafure chears.

All hail, &c.

Infpire us with thy grace divine, Thy facred law our guide íhall be: To ev’ry good our hearts incline, From ev’ry evil keep us free.

All hail, &c.

ANOTHER.

THE

A

MASONIC

MUSE.

N

E

O

T H

423

R.

By the Jame A u τ h o r.

H

AI L, univerfal Lord !

By heav’n and earth ador’d; All hail! great God !

Before thy ñame we bend, To us thy grace extend,.

And to our pray’r attend, All hail! great God!

O

D

E.

Set to MuJjc by Dr. A R N o l d. !S S IS T me, ye fair tuneful Nine, Euphrofyne, grant me thy aid; Whilft the honours I íing of the Trine, Prefide o’er my numbers, blithe maid !

Ceafe Clamour and Faélion, oh, ceafe, Fly henee all ye cynical train ; Difturb not, diñurb not the lodges’ fweet peace, Where filence and fecrefy reign.

II.

Religión, untainted, here dwells, Here the moráis of Athens are taught; Great Hiram’s tradition here tells How the world out oí chaos was brought.

3 K 2

With

424

T H E

MASONIC

MUSE.

With fervency, freedom, and zeal Our mafier’s commands we obey ; No cowan, no cowan, our fecrers can lleal, No babbler our myñ’ries betray.

III. Here Wifdom her ftandard difplays, Heie nobly the fciences fhine; Here the temple’s vaft column we raife, And fi∏ifh a work that’s divine.

Illum’d from the Eaft with puré Hght, Here arts do their bleffings beftow ; And, all perfeδ⅛, all perfeól, unfold to the hght, What none but a mafon can know.

IV.

If on earth any praife can be found, Any virtue unnam’d in my fong, Any grace in the univerfe round, May thefe to a mafon belong: May each brother his paflion fubdue, Praélifc charity, concord, and love; And be hail’d, and be hail’d by the thrice happy few Who prefide in the Grand Lodge above!

O

D E.

THE

MASONIC

MUSE.

4≡5

I.

u

R.ANIA, hail! to thee we fing, And all with pleafure own the lay.

Which from thy facred fountain fpring, To glad the free-born fons of day ; ftill attend our meetings here With peace ferene, and joy fincere.

O

II. True joys unruffled, calm repofe.

In friendíhip’s facred band behold, The happy recompenfe of thofe Who laws and liberty uphold ; Who fcorn all bafe unmanly views, From vice refrain, and virtue chufe.

III. May each free mafon, good and true, In Britain’s i∩e be ever found; And in remoteft regions too, May love and harmony abound ; And all confefs true Wifdom’s power, ’Till time and mafons are no more.

O

D

E

426

THE

MASONIC

MUSE.

ODE to the Free-Masons.

I. Y Mafons’ art, th’ afpiring domes, On ftately columns íhall arifc ; All climates are their native homes, Their fignal aélions reach the fkies.

Heroes and kings revere their ñame, While pocts fing their laíling fame.

II. Great, noble, gen’rous, good, and brave, Are titles they moft juftly claim ; Their deeds íhall live beyond the grave, Which thofe unborn fliall loud proclaim.

Time íhall their glorious aéls enroll, While love and fricndíhip charm the foul.

The Deputy Grand Master’s S O N G. I. N, on, my dear brethren, parirte your great leδhtre, Refine on the precepts of oíd architeéfure : High honour to mafons the craft daily brings, To thofe brothers of princes and fellows of kings.

II. We drove the rnde Vandals and Goths off the ftage, Reviving the art of Anguilas’ fam’d age : And Vefpafian dcfiroy’d the vaft temple in vain Sincc fo many now rife, vvhere our principies reign.

III. The

THE

MUSE.

MASONIC

427

III. The noble five orders compos’d wíth fuch art, Will amaze the fix’d eye, and engage the whole heart: Proportion’s fweet harmony gracing the whole, Gives our work, like the glorious creation, a foul.

IV.

Then mafter and brethren, preferve your great ñame, This lodge fo majeftic will purchafe you fame ; Rever’d it fhall ftand, till all nature expire, And its glories ne’er fade till the world is on fire.

V.

See, fee, behold here, what rewards all our toil, Invigorates genius, and bids labour fmile : To our noble grand mafter let bumpers be crown’d, To all mafons a bumper, fo let it go round.

VI. Again my lov’d brethren, again let it país: Our antient firm unión cements with the glafs ; And all the contention ’mong mafons fhall be, Who better can work, or who better agree.

The

Grand Warden’s ByBROTHER

O

A

T

SONG. E

S.

E T mafonry be now my theme, Throughout the globe to fpread its fame, And celébrate each worthy brother’s ñame : Your praife fhall to the íkies refound, In laíling happincfs abound,

L

And

4aS

T H E

M A S O N I C

MUSE.

And with fweet unión all your noble deeds be crown’d, And with fwcct unión, &c.

Choras.

Sing then, my mufe, mafonic glory, Your ñames are ío rever’d in ílory, That all th’ admiring world do now adore ye 1

II.

Let harmony divine infpire Your fouls with love and gen’rous fire, To copy well wife Solomon your fire: Knowlcdgc fublime fhall fill each heart, Gcometry its rules impart; Whilc wifdom, ftrength and beauty, crown the glorious art.

While wifdom, &c.

Choras.

Sing then, my mufe, &c.

III. ∖Λll charo cd.~∖

Let our grand mafter’s health go round, In fwelling cups all cares be drown’d, And hearts united through the craft be found.

May everlafiing fcenes of joy His peaceful hours of blifs employ, Which Time’s all-conq’ring hand fhall ne’er, fhall ne’er deftroy.

Which Time’s all-conq’ring hand, &c.

Chorus.

Sing then, my mufe, &c.

IV.

My brethren, thus all cares refign ; Let all hearts glow with thoughts divine, And venerate our founder’s awful íhrine.

Our

T H E

MASONIC

MUSE.

429

Our annual tribute thus we’ll pay, That late poftcrity fhall fay, We’ve crown’d with joy this glorious happy, happy day.

Chorus.

Sing then, my mufe, mafonic glory, Your ñames are ío rever’d in ftory, That all th’ admiring world do now adore ye!

The Treasurer’s

S O N G.

I. R AN T me, kind Heav’n, what I requeft; In mafonry let me be bleft; Direét me to that happy place Where friendfhip (miles in ev’ry face: Where freedom and fweet innocence Enlarge the mind, and chear the fenfe.

II. Where fcepter’d Reafon from her throne Surveys the lodge, and makes us one ¡ And harmony’s delightful fway For ever íheds ambrofial day ; Where we bleft Eden’s pleafure tafte, Whilft balmy joys are our repaft.

II. Our lodge the focial virtues grace, And Wifdom’s rules we fondly trace ;

Whole

43®

T H E

M A S O N I C

M USE.

Whole nature open to our view, Points out the paths we fhould purfue.

Let us fubíift in lafling peace, And may our happinefs incrcafe.

IV. No prying eye can view us here ; No fool or knave diflurb our cheer; Our well-form’d laws fet mankind free, And give relief to mifery : The poor opprefs’d with woe and griefi Gain from mafonic hands relief.

The M a s τ e r’s S O N G. * I? fing of mafons’ antient fame!

Lo, eigbty thoufand craftfmen rife, Under thcir mafters of great ñame, More than three thoufand juñ and wife; Employ’d by Solomon the fire, And gen’ral mafter mafon too, As Hiram was in ñately Tyre, Like Salem built by mafons true.

• Part of a Song originally of twenty.cight fianzas, divided into five parts; by Dr. Anderfon.

II. The

THE

MASONIC

MUSE,

431

II. The royal art was then divine, The craftfmen counfell’d from above, The temple was the grand defign, The wond’ring world did all approve.

Ingenious men from ev’ry place, Carne to íurvey the glorious pile ; And when return’d, began to trace And imítate its lofty ñile.

IIL At length the Grecia ns carne to know Geometry, and learn’d the art, Pythagoras was rais’d to íhow, And glorious Euclid to impart: The great Archimedes appear’d, And Carthaginian mafters bright; Till Román citizens uprear’d The art with wifdom and delight.

IV. But when proud Afia had been quell’d, And Greece and Egypt overeóme, In architeéiure they excell’d, And brought the learning all to Rome: Where wife Vitruvius, warden prime Of architeóts, the art improved In great Auguñus’ peaceful time, When arts and artifts were belov’d.

3 l≡

f’

V. They

THE

MASONIC

MUSE.

V. Thcy brought their knowledge from the eaft, And as they made the nations yield, Diffus’d it thro’ the north and weft, And taught the world the art to build.

Witnefs their citadels and tow’rs, Where policy and fafety join ; Their temples, palaces, and bow’rs, That ípoke the mafons’ grand deíign.

VI. Thus mighty eaftern kings, and Come Of Abram’s race, ahd monarchs good, Of Egypt, Syria, Greece, and Rome, True architeólure underftood.

No wonder then if mafons join To celébrate thofe mafon-kings, With folemn note and flowing wine, Whilft ev’ry brother jointly fings.

C

H

O

R

U

S.

Who can unfold the royal art, Or fhew its fecrets in a fong ?

They’re fafely kept in mafons’ heart, And to the anticnt lodge belong!

The

THE

MASONIC MUSE.

The W a r d e ñ’s

433

S O N G.*

ROM henceforth ever fing The craftfman and the king; With poetry and mufle fweet Refound their harmony compleat: And with geometry in fkilful hand, Due homage pay, Without delay, To our grand mafter, royal Cvmberland !

He rules the freeborn íons of art By love and friendíhip, hand and heart.

C

H

O

R

U

S.

Who can rehearfe the praife In foft poetic lays, Or folid profe, of mafons true, Whofe art tranfeends the common view?

Their fecrets ne’er toftrangers yet expos’d, Preferv’d íhall be By mafons free, And only to the antient lodge difclos’d ; Becaufe fecur’d in mafons’ heart, By brethren of the royal art. * Condufion of a fong of tliirteen fianzas, by Dr. Anderfon»

The

434

THE

MUSE.

MASONIC

The Fellow Craft’s SON G. * I. I_TAIL Mafonry ! thou craft divine 1 Glory of earth! from Heaven reveal’d!

Which doth with jewels precious fhine, From all but mafons eyes conceal’d: Thy praifes due who can rehearfe, In nervous profe or flowing verfe ?

II. As men from brutes diftinguiíh’d are, A mafon other men excels ; For what’s in knowlcdge choice and rare, Butin hisbreaft fecurely dwells?

His filent breaft and faithful heart Preferve the fecrets of the art.

III. From fcorching heat and piercing coid, From beafts whofe roar the foreft rends, From the afíaults of warriors bold, The mafons art mankind defends: Be to this art due honour paid, From which mankind receives fuch aid.

IV. Enfigns of ñate that feed oυr pride, Diftinélions troubleíome and vain, By mafons true are Iaid afide,

Arts freeborn fons fuch toys difdain: • By Charles Delafaye, Efq.

jfnderfin.

Ennobled

THE

MASONIC

MUSE.

435

Ennobled by the ñame they bear, Diftinguiíh’d by the badge they wear.

V. Sweet fellowíhip from envy free, Friendly converfe of brotherhood, The lodge’s lafting cement be, Which has for ages firmly flood: A lodge thus built for ages paft Has lafted, and fhall ever laft.

VI. Then let us celébrate the praife Of all who have enrich’d the art, Let gratitude our voices raife, And each true brother bear a part: Let chearful ftrains their fame refound, And living mafons’ healths go round.

The Entered Apprentice’s SONO. * I. O M E, let us prepare, We brothers that are Afiembled on merry occaíion, To drink, laugh, andfing; Be he beggar or king, Here’s a health to an accepted mafon. [ All charged. ] • This oíd fong, with its proper tune, are afcribed by Dr. Anderfon, in the firft edition of the Conftitution Book, to a Mr. Matthew Birkhead, then deceafed.

The

4s6

t h e m a s o n i c muse. ¡I. The world is in paín Our fecrets to gain, And ftill let them wonder and gaze on; Till they’re íhewnthe lighr, They’ll ne’er know the right Word or fign of an accepted maíbn.

III. ’Tis this and ’tis that, They cannot tell what, Why fo many great men of the nation, Should aprons put on, To make themfelves one With a free and an accepted mafon.

IV. Great kings, dukes and lords Have laid by their fwords, Our myñ’ry to put a good grace on ; And ne’er been aíham’d To hear themfelves nam’d With a free and an accepted mafon.

‘

V,

Antiquity’s pride We have on our fide, To keep us upright in our ftation; There’s noUght but what’s good To be underftood, By a free and an accepted mafon.

VL We’re

T H E

MASONIC

MUSE.

437

VI. We’re true and fincere, And juft to the fair; Who will truft us on any occafion: No mortal can more The ladies adore, Than a free and an accepted mafon.

VII. Then join hand in hand, By each brother firm ftand, Let’s be merry, and put a bright face on ; What mortal can boaft So noble a toaft As a free and an accepted mafon ?

C H O RU S.

No mortal can boaft So noble a toaft As a free and an accepted mafon.

S

O

N

G.

Tune, God jave the King.

T J A TL. Masonry divine; A A Glory of ages, íhine, Long may’ft thou reign:

3M

Where’er

THE

MASON I C M U'S E.

Where’er thy lodges ftand, May they have great command, And always grace the land; Thou art divine!

Great fabrics i⅛ill arife, And grace the azure íkies, Vaft are thy fchemes : Thy noble orders are Matchlefs beyond compare; No art with thee can íhare, Thou art divine!

f

Hiram, the architeft, Did all the craft direél How they íhou’d build; Sol’mon, great Ifrael’s king, Did mighty bleffings bring, And left us room to fing, Hail, royal Art!

S

O Tune,

Chorus three times.

N

G.

Rule, Britannia.

w H E N earth’s foundation firft was laid, By the almighty Artift’s hand, ’Twas then our perfeét, our perfeñ laws were made, Eftabliíh’d by his ftri<S⅛ command: Cho. Hail, myfterious; hail, glorious mafonry !

That makes us ever great and free.

In

THE

MASONIC

MUSE.

439

In vain, mankind for íhelter fought, In vain, from place to place did roam, Until from Heaven, from Heaven he was taught To plan, to build, and fix his home: Hail, myñerious, &c.

Illuítrious henee, we date our art, Our works in beauteous piles appear ; Which íhallto endlefs, to endlefs time impart, How worthy and how great we are: Hail, myílerious, &c. Ñor we léfs fam’d for every tie, By which the human thought is bound; Love, truth, and friendíhip, and friendíhip focially, Join all our hearts and hands around : Hail, myílerious, &c.

Our adtions ftill by virtue bleíl, And to our precepts ever true ; The world admiring, admiring íhall requeíl To learn, and our bright paths purfue: Hail, myílerious, &c.

S

O

N

G.

Tune, Mulberry cΓree.

"V∕r E fons of fair Science, impatient to learn, What’s meant by a mafon 'you here may difeern; He ílrengthens the weak, he gives light to the blind, And the nakcd he cloathes—is a friend to mankind.

3 M 2

All

44<3

THE

MASONIC MUSE,

All (hall yield to Mafonry, Bcnd to thee, Blefs’d Mafonry; Matchlefs vvas he who founded thee, And thou, like him, i inmortal íhall be.

He walks on the Ievel of honour and truth, And fpurns the wild paffions of folly and youth; The compafs and fquare all his frailties reprove, And his ultímate objeél is brotherly love.

The temple of Knowledge he nobly doth raife, Supported by Wifdom, and Learning its bafe; •When rear’d and adorn’d, ftrength and beauty unite, And he views the fair ftruóture with confcious delight.

With Fortitude blefs’d, he’s a ñranger to fears, And govern’d by Prudence, he cautiouíly fteers; Till Temperance fhews him the port of Content, And Jufticc unaík’d, gives the fign of confcnt.

Infpir’d by his feclings, he bounty imparts, For Charity ranges at large in our hearts; And an indigent brother reliev’d from his woes, Feels a pleafore inferior to him who beftows.

Thus a Mafon Γve drawn, and expos’d to your view, And truth muft acknowledge the figure is true; Then members become, let’s be brothers and friends, There’s a Secret remaining, will make you amends.

SONG.

THE S

MASONIC MUSE. O

N

C.

Tune, Attic Fire.

AR

IS E, and blow thy trumpet, Fame!

Free Mafonry aloud proclaim, To realms and worlds unknown : Tell them of mighty David’s fon, The wife, the matchlefs Solomon, Priz’d far above his throne.

The folemn temple’s cloud-capt towers, Th’ afpiring domes are works of ours, By us thofe piles were rais’d: Then bid mankind with fongs advance, And through th’ ethereal vaft expanfe, Let Mafonry be prais’d.

We help the poor in time of need, The naked cloathe, the hungry feed, ’Tis our foundation ftone: We build upon the nobleft plan, "| For Friendíhip rivets man to man, j∙C½0ΓHJ three times.

And makes us all as one.

J Still louder, Fame thy trumpet blow; Let all the diftant regions know Free Mafonry is this: Almighty Wifdom gave it birth, And Heaven has fix’d it here on earth, A type of future blifs!

SONO.

44*

T H E

MASONIC

S

O

N

MUSE.

G.

Tune, In Infancy, &c.

ET Mafonry from pole to pole Her facred laws expand, Far as the mighty waters roll, To wafh remoteft land: That Virtue has not left mankind, Her focial maxims prove; For ftamp’d opon the Mafon’s mind, Are Unity and Love.

Afcending to her native íky, Let Mafonry increafe; A glorious pillar rais’d on high, Integrity its bafe: Peace adds to olive boughs, entwin’d, An emblematic dove ; As ftamp’d upon the Mafon’s mind, Are Unity and Love.

S

O

N

G.

By J. N.

ET drunkards boaft the power of wine, J__ J And reel from fide to íide; Let lovers kneel at Beauty’s íhrine, The fport of female pride : Be ours the moreexalted part, To celébrate the mafons’ art, And fprcad its praifes wide.

To

THE

MASONIC

MUSE.

443

To dens and thickets dark and rude, For íhelter beafts repair; With fticks and flraws the feather’d brood, Sufpend their nefts in air: And man untaught, as wild as thefe, Binds up fad huts with boughs of trees, And feeds on wretched fare.

But Science dawning in his mind, The quarry he explores; Induflry and the arts combin’d, Improv’d all Nature’s flores : Thus walls were built, and houfes rear’d, No ftorms or tempefts now are fear’d Within his well-fram’d doors.

When flately palaces arife, When columns grace the hall, When tow’rs and fpires falute the íkies, We owe to maíons all: Ñor buildings only dotheygive, But teach men how within to live, And yield to Reafon’s cali.

All party quarrels they detefl, For Virtue and the arts, Lodg’d in each true free mafon’s breaft, Unite and rule their hearts : By thefe, while mafons fquare their minds, The flate no better fubjeéls finds, None aói more upright parís.

When

444

T H E

MASONIC

MUSE.

When Bucks and Albions are forgot, Free mafons will remain; Mufhrooms, each day, fpring up and rot, While oaks ñretch o’er the plain: Let others quarrel, rant, and roar; Their noify reveis when no more, Still Mafonry íhall reign.

Our leathern aprons may compare With garters red and blue; Princes and kings our brothers are, While they our rules puríue: Then drink fuccefs and health to all The craft around this earthly ball, May brethren ílill prove true !

INDEX.

N

D

A. ^J3ERDEEN, the

univerfity founded there,

127.

Abraham honoured by the Canaanites for teaching

them the art of maíonry, 13.

Acling grand mafler, on what occafion eleéted, 341.

fall. and mental abilities, 5.

How inflruñed, 6. The feveral profeffions followed by his immediate deícendants, ibid.

Adrián, emperor, builds his famous wall in Britain, Adam, his creation,

82.

Abra, ChriRian, the error of, pointed out, 5, note.

Agrícola, Julius, his tranfaélions in Britain, 81.

Agrippa adds the great portico to the Pantheon at

Roine, 56.

Alian, St. account of, and his mafonical works at

Verulam, 83. His martyrdom, 84. modern writer on architeílure, 72.

Alexander the Great, why univorthy the charañer of a true mafon, 43. Builds the city of Alexandiia in Egypt, íí/W. Alexandria, the city of, dcfigned by Denocrates, 44. Is now knoivn by the ñame of Scanderoon, The celebrated light-houfe on the ifle of Pharos ereéled, 48. Sad deflruétion of the antient library there by the Saracens, 49.

Alfred the Great, king of England, reduces the piratical Danés, 91. The wifdom of his civil regulations, 92.

Amafis, king of Egypt, his curiotls houfe cut of one Roñe, 37.

Alberti, León Baptifla, the firíb

E

X.

Anderfon, Dr. ordered to digeít the conftitutions for

publication, 210. Ordered to prepare a new edition of the Conflitution Book, 230, 235.

Angelo, Michael, his feveral mafonic works, 73.

Anglo Saxons, the feven kingdoms of, with the dates of their eflabliíhment, 89. Are converted to Chriftianity by Augufline, 90. Are taught ma* fonry, gt. See England. ^a≈i,queen,her encouragement ofarchiteéhire, 196, ' Antient and modern mafons, origin of this new diftinclion, 239, note. Proceedings againft tho antient mafons, 264, 266, 268, 323.

Antigua, a new room built there for the great lodge of St. John, 249.

Antiquities, Román, in Britain, a critical account of, among the deβderata of hiílory, 87.

Apollo, in the Heathen mythology, the idea of, from whence derived, 16. note.

Appeal to the grand lodge, on what occafions to be made, 358.

Arcbimedes, his aftoniíhing contrivanccs for the defence of Syracufe, 52.

Arcbitedlure, the proportions of, taken from the human body, 42. The flileof Auguftus received as a andard, 58. Is totally fubverted by the northern nations, 65. Rife of Gothic archi∙ ure, 66. The two Riles of Gothic architecture diflinguiíhcd, 67. The original idea on which the Grecian architechire wasformed, [67'].

The original idea on which the modern Gothic Rile was formed, ildd. The different effects of 3 N the

INDEX.

446

the Grecian and Gothic ftiles compared, [68.]

The firft efibrts to the reíioration of the Auguftan ílile made by Charlemagne, 69. Account of the feveral revivera of antient architeSure in Italy, 70. The Auguftan ílile introduced into England, 135. See Jones and Arch, femicircular, and catcnarian, compared, 68. note.

fee Carnatic.

Ark, Noah’s, the purpofes for which it was built, 9.

An>βrong, Dr. his poetical difplay of the unhealthinefs of large cities, 147, note.

Arr¡, the elemente of, all derived from the laws of nature, 1, 68.

Arundclian marbles, from whence procured, <¡1.

Aβyria, the kingdom of, divided into thofe of Ni-' neveh and Chaldrea, 33.

Aβronomy, its early cultivation, and the various motives to that ftudy, 7. The fummit of the tower of Babel ufed for an obfervatory, 11.

Atbelβant king of England, a promoter of mafonry, 92. Is vindicated from the charge of putting his brother Edwin to death, 94.

Auguflin fent by Pope Gregory to convert the Anglo-Saxons, 90.

Anguβusl empcror of Rome, becomes a patrón of thearts, 56. Einbelliíhcs the city of Rome, 57.

Aurelian, emperor, deílroys the cityof Palmyra, 30.

Arcot;

B. J^ABEL, the tower of, defcribed, with the pur-

pofes of its ereítion, 10. city of, built by Nabonaflar, 33.

Magnificent works ereíted there by Nebuchadnezzar,'34. The empire of ended by Cyrus,

Babylon, the

ibid.

Babyloniam, antient, were great aftronomers, 11.

in the heathen mythology, the idea of from whence derived, 17, note.

Banquetlng-Xvyjfe., Whitehall, built by Iñigo Jones, 136. Defcription of, 137.

Baccbus,

Barbadoest relief fent to mafons, fufferers by fire

in that ifland, 288.

Bards, Ccltic, their traditionary fongs had probably

a foundation in real events, 122.

Batb, legendary account of the origin of that city»

and its medicinal fprings, 78.

Battering-twa of the antients, applied to throwing

down the walls of the oíd cathedral of St. Paúl, 161.

Bede, his high chara<fter of the antient Iriíh nation, 130.

Bebaviotir, general rules for, in a lodge, 355. After a lodge is clofed, 356. Among mafons out of a lodge, ibid. In company with ílrangers to the craft, 357. In a neighbourhood, ibid. Toward a ftrange brother, ibid.

Belifarius, general to the emperor Juftinian, di ives the Goths from Rome, 65. The reports of his cruel treatment by Juftinian doubtful, 66.

Belus woríhipped on the tower of Babel, 11.

Bene∙υolence of mafons, abufes of which it is expofed, 393, note.

Bennet, abbot of Wirral, introduces the ufe of ftone and brick into England, 91.

Berlin, a friendly correfpondcnce propofed from the grand lodge of, with that of England, 305.

A reprefentative from, allowed to fit in the grand lodgehere, 337.

Bethlehem hofpital defcribed, 172.

Bladud, king of Britain, legendary account of, 78.

Blenbeim houfe erected for the Duke of Marlborough, 196.

Bramante, monk of Urbino, his feveral mafonic works, 72.

Bretagne, in France, fettled by Britiíh refugees, 83.

Bricks, the invention of, later than the ufe of ftone in building, 2. Firft ufed in England, 91.

Badly made at London, though the foil affords the beft materials, 200.

Bridge, London, rebuilt of wood, 96. Is rebuilt of ftone, 98. Defcribed, ibid. Remarks on, 99, note. The laít improvements of, 100, note.

Britain,

INDEX. Britain, legendary accounts of its antient hiftory,

77. The earlieft authentic account of, given in Caefar’s commentaries, 78. Hiftory of, under the Romans, 81. Piéis wall ereéted, z’¿zW. Adrian’s wall, 82. Enfigns of the authority of the Román Governor of Britain, 86. Is deferted by the Romans,87. Militaryways conftruétedby the Romans, ibid. The Britons reduced to cali in the Saxons, 88. See England.

Brutc, a Trojan prince, legendary account of his fettlement in Britain, 77.

Bvffon, M. extraordinary powers of his refleéting fpeculum, 52, note.

Building, the art of, the firft that mankind had occafion to praétife, and their firft eftbrts in, 2.

Burial grounds, the proper fituation for, 198.

C.

Henry, marquis of, prefents the fociety with a jewel íor the ufe of the grandfecretary, 237.

0Λi,r≈<arr'ui>zz, James, marquis of, prefents the foci­ ety with a jewel for the ufe of the grand treafurer, 265.

Cafar, Julius, reforms the Román calendar, 55.

His mafonical works, 56. Is the only writer to be depended on for the early hiftory of Britain, 78.

Caín, the firft builderof a city, 6.

Calendar reformcd by Julius Cafar, 33. and afterwards by Pope Gregory XIII. 56.

Calendar, Freemafon’s, ordered to be publiíhed, 315.

Cambyfcs, king of Perfia, reduces Egypt, and deftroys many curious monuments of antient ζJ∕lERN∕1RR~ON,

mafonry, 37.

Caraufius aífuines the purple in Britain, and patro-

nifes the craft, 83. Was a great encourager of arts, 84.

Carnatic, compliment paid to the fon of the nabob of, on his entering into the fociety, 322. Letter from, to the grand mafter and brethren of England, 333.

Cartbage, the ftately city of, deílroyed by the Ro­ mans, 51.

447

Carysfort, John, lord, his letter ordering the

regulations of mafonry to be duly enforced, 237.

Caβles, great numbers built-in England during the wars between king Stephen and the emprefs Ma. tilda, 97.

Catenarian arch, its nature and property deferibed, 68, note.

Catbedrals, Gothic, injuredby the incongruous introduétion of Grecian architeéiure in modern embelliíhments, 68, note. Were built to refemble the facred groves of the heathens, [67.] Dates of in England, 90.

Certificates of brethren being mafons ordered to be fealed, 267. Are often fought after merely as general letters of recommendation, 393, note.

Cbaradtcr and circumftances too little attended to in the initlation of roen into mafonry, 393, note.

Charges, antient, a colleétion of, 351.

Cbarity, the eftablifliment of a general fund of, firft propofed, 213. A committee firft formed for the difpofal of, 225. The laws relative to, ordered to be printed, 255. Foreign brethren allowed to partake ofit, 258. Relief fentto the mafons in Prince Ferdinand’s army, 274. Relief fent to the fufferers by fire in Barbadoes, 288. An extraordinary committee ordered to be held in the fummer, 337. Contributions to the fund of, how to be paid at the quarterly communication, 322. Relief fent to mafons fuffering by revolution in América, 325. Regulations of, 37r. See Committee of.

Charles I. of England, a great patrón of the fine arts, 138.

Charles II. his reftoration favourable to arts, 141.

Incorporares the royal fociety, 142. Orders Sir Chriftopher Wren to defign the plan of a new city after the great fire of London, 149. Infeription on the pedeftal of his ftatue in the roy­ al exchange, 152. Iffues a commiflion for rebuilding St. Paul’s cathedral, 159. Defcription of his intended palaceat Winchefter, 190. Flouriíhing ftate of mafonry during his rβign, r91.

3

N 2

Cbarlemagnet

4⅛S C∣.a>lemagnc,

the íirft reftorer of antient architccturc, 70.

Chelfia hofpital erecled, 195.

CLurcbes, a defcription of thofp reflored by Sir Chriñophcr Wren, after thc burning of London, v.⅛.

Allhallows, Bread ftrcet, 173.

Allhallows the great, 174.

Allhallows, Lombard-ftreet, ibid.

St. Alban’s, Wood-ftreet, ibid.

St. Anne, and St. Agncs, ibid.

St. Andrew’s, Wardrobe,. ibid.

St. Andrew’s, Holborn, 175.

St. A.ntholin’s, Watling-flreet, ibid» St. Auguftin’s, ibid.

St. Bennet, Graflchurch, ibid.

St. Bennet, Paul’s Wharf, 176.

St. Bennet Fink, ibid» St. Bartholomew’s, behind the Change, ibid» St. Bride’s, 177.

Chrift’s-church, ibid. . St. Chriftopher’s, Threadneedle-flreet, ilid.

Sr. Clemcnt Danés, 178.

St. Clement’s, Eaftchcap, z½z√.

St. Dionis, Backchtirch, z¿z</.

St. Dtini'tan’s in the liaíl, 179.

St. Edmund the King, ibid.

St. Gcorge, Botolph-latee, ibid.

St. James, Garlick-hill, 180.

St. James, Weñminfter, ibid.

St. Laurence Jewry, ibid» St. Magnus, London Bridge, 181.

St. Margaret, Lothbury, ibid.

St. Margaret Pattens, ibid.

St. Martin’s, Ludgate, 182.

St. Mary Abchurch, ibid.

St. Mary’s at Hill, ibid.

St. Mary Aldermary, ⅛z<∕.

St. Mary Magdalen’s, 183.

St. Mary Somerfet, ibid.

St. Mary-le-bow, ibid.

St. Mary Woolnoth, 185.

St. Mary, Aldermanbury, ibid.

St. Matthew, Friday-ftreet, 186.

St. Michael Baftnghall, ibid.

St. Michael Royal, ibid.

St. Michael, Queenhithe, z‘¿zz7.

St. Michael, Wood-ftreet, ilid.

St. Michael, Crooked-lane, ibid.

St. Michael, Cornhill, 187.

St. Mildred, Bread-ftreet, ibid.

St. Mildred, Poultry, ibid.

St. N¡cholas Colc Abbey, ibid.

St. Olave’s, Jewry, 188.

St. Peter’s, Cornhill, ibid.

St. Sepulchre’s, ibid.

St. Stephen’s, Coleman-ftreet, ibid.

St. Stephen’s, Walbrook, 189.

St. Vedaft, Fofter-lane, 190.

Cburcbes, Sir Chriftopher Wren’s inftruítions for the building of, 198.

Cibbcr, Mr.Gabriel, carves the emblematical figures on the bafe of the monument, 154. Defcription of them, 155. Carves the two lunatics on the piers of Bedlam-hofpital gate, 172.

Cities founded in the eaft by antient mafons, 33.

Of oíd date, thc irregularities of, accounted for, 147. Large, poetical repi efentation of the unhealthinefs of, 147, note.

Cokc, judge, his remarks on the ftattitc 3 Hcn. VI. c. 1. againfl: mafonical confederares, 107.

Colige of phyficians, in Warwick-lane, deferibed, 173∙ ColoJJus at Rhodes, hiftory and defcription of, 50.

Cohιmny Grecian, the original idea on which it was formed, [67.] Gothic, the originof, ibid.

Columns, commemorative of the Romana, general idea of, 63. See Monument.

Commercc, poetical difplay of its operations, 197.

Committee of charity, firft appointment of, 225.

Extra buíinefs of the grand lodge referred to their previous confideration, 229. Anextraordinary committee ordered to be held in the fum∙ mer, 337. See Regulations.

Compofite order of architcóture, when firft ufed, 62.

Confcitnct>

I

N

D

Qonfcienct, líbertyof, sílowed in free mafonry, 38,

3C∙ Conβantine the Great, his government oí Britain,

83. 111 confequenccs of his removing the feat of empire from Rome, 86.

Conβantinople, the city of, by whom founded, 64.

Conβitutions, mafonical, firft framed for the Engliíh lodges, 93. Regulations made underEd-' ward III. 103. Regulations made undér the grand mafieríhip of the earl of St. Alban’s, 146.

Cid mafonical writings called for by the grand maíter, 206. Some curious mauufcripts burnt, and for what reafo1n, 208. The conflitut⅛tis ordered to be printed, 210. See Cbarges and Regulations.

Contentions, how mafons are to put an end to thern,

358.

Convent-garden church deferibed, 139.

Cárnicos of buildings, flrould have a fmall rifing at

the joints of the ífones, 163.

Cramps, iron, in buildings, íliould be carefully ex-

cluded from the air, 162.

Cromv.'el Earlof Eflex, buildings ereéted by, 119.

Henry Frederíc, duke of, initiated into mafonry, 289, 290∙ Is eleóted grand mafter, 340.

Cuftom-bou/e at London, deferibed, 15t.

• Cyrus king of Perfia, puts an end to the Babylonian empire, and favours the Ifraeljtes, 35, Iffues a decree for rebuilding the temple at Jerufalem, 37.

Cumbcrland,

D.

D AGON, the temple of, at Gaza, built by the Phoenicians, and deñroyed by Samfon, 19. the antient fplendour of that city, 32, 34Darius Hyñaípes, king of Perfia, his charafter, 38.

David king of Ifrael, why not allowed to build the holy temple at Jerufalem, 20.

De Cauri, captain, a French prifoner, ordered to L be relieved, 269.

Damafcus,

E

X.

449

explained, with the regular gradation of, 353.

Deities, heathen, derived from the patriarchs in facred hifiory, 16, note.

Dcluge, general, brought on the world by the profligacy of mankind, 8. The fpecies of men and animáis, how preferved from final deftruítion, q.

Dcnbam, Sir John, the poet, his promotions, 144.

Denccrates, rebuilds the temple of Diana at Ephefus, 33. Propofes to convert mount Athos into a ftatue of Alexander the Great, 43. Deíigns the city of Alexandria, 44.

Dermot, king of Leinfter, invites the Engliíh over to Ireland, 132.

Deβgns, in arts, ought all to corrcfpond with naturte, 6S. Deucalion, in the heathen mythology, the idea of, from whence derived, 16, note.

Diana, the temple of at Ephefus, deferibed, wiíh its deftruítion, 32.

Differcnccs among mafons, how to be accommodated, 358.

Dionyβus Exiguus, his error in fixing the ≈ra of the birth of Chrift, 5, note.

Dodd, Dr. appointed grand chaplain, 314. Is expelled the fociety, 323.

Druids, Britifli, a brief account of, 78.

Dublin, account of fome of the moft confiderable public buildings in that city, 133.

Dcgrccs in mafonry

E.

ED WARD the Confeífor, his mafonical undertakings, 9;. His magnificent ílirine at Weílminfter, 101.

Edward I. finiílies the prefent abbey church at Weílminfter, roí.

Edvoard III. rebuilds Windfor caílle, 103.

Edward IV. r epairs the royal palaces and caflles, after the civil wars, 115.

Eh⅛vn>√ VI. eftabliíhes the reformation, 119.

Edwin, prince, his zealous attachment to mafon∙ ry, and Cervices to the craft, 93. His memory vindicated

I

45°

N

D

vindicated from an afperfion handed down to us, ibid.

Egbert, the firft king of a!I England, 9r.

Egypt, account of the extraordinary mafonic works performed thcre in antient times, 12.

The city of Alexandria built, 44. The famous library at Alexandria deftroyed by the Saracens, 49. Sad decay of the country from the degeneracy of the natives, ibid.

Ellzabetb, queen, great progrefs of learning and arts during her reign, 120. Her attempt to difturb the grand lodge at York, how averted,

X,

the various fpecies of, why not deflroyed by the general deluge, 9, noje.

Flood. See Deluge.

FoJJc way, the oíd Román road in Britain, its courfe defcribed, 87.

Fi ance, a correfpondence opened with the grand lodge of, 29 r.

Furniture for the grand lodge, a committee appointed to receive defigns for, 282. Subfcription raifed for purchafing, 283.

Fi/b,

G.

G EO MEDRE, the elements of, colleíted by

ibid.

the feven Saxon kingdoms of, founded, 89. Dates of feveral of our inoíl antient cathedrals, 90. Mafonical lodges eftabliíhed, ibid.

The heptarchy united under Egbert, 91. Hiftory of raafonry under the Norman kings, 96.

Civil wars between the houfes of York and Lancafter, 114. Houfe of Tudor, 116. Supprefíion of religious houfes, and reformation of re­ ligión, 119. Introduñion of the Auguftanñile of architeñure under James I. 135. Unión with Scotland, 196.

Enocb's pillars, the purpofe of their ere<‰n, 7.

JLrming-βrcet, the oíd Román load in Britain, its courfe defcribed, 87.

Eticlid, the geometrician, is honourably employed at the court of Egypt, 46. His charge to his mafonical pupils, ibid. Compiles the elements of geometry, 47.

Eumcnius, the panegyriíl, his encomium on the antient Britiíh mafons, 85.

Ezra fucceeds Zerubbabcl in the direñion of the craft in Judea, 39.

England.,

F. pE AS T, annual, of the fociety, revived, 206.

See Rcgulatlons.

Fidel!ty, the chief bond of connexion among ma­

fons in all ages, 3.

E

Euclid, 47. the principal mafonical works carried on during his reign, 217.

Gloucejler, William Henry duke of, initiated into mafonry, 286, 290.

Gotbic archite<Sfure, origin of, 66. Two fucceffive fpecies of diftinguiílied, 67. The original ideas on which thefe two ftiles were formed, [67.] The modern Gothic peculiarly adaptad to places of woríhip, (68).

Grand Lodge, revival of, 205. All officers of, to _ be chofen from fubferibing members of the flewards’ lodge, 3 29. Two offices in, not to be held by oñe perfon at one time, 336. A good underftanding recommended with the grand lodges of Scotland and Ireland, 340. The pro­ per members of, fpecified, 359. Regulations of, 360.

Grand officers, table of, 401.

Greece, the art of mafonry introduced into that country, 40. Geometry much cultivated there, and applied to arehiteéiure, 41. Ñames of the principal antient artifts of, 42. Magnificent ruins now remaiDÍng in the Grecian iílands, 50.

Green∙υjich hofpital, afligned for the fupport of difabled feamen, 195.

Grcgory XIII. Pope, reforms the J ulian calendar, 56.

Grejbam, Sir Thomas, builds the royal exchange at London, 120.

George I.

Gr<ms,

I

N

D

facred, of the heathens, iraitated by the builders of our antient cathedrals, (67.)

Groves,

H.

Mr. Theodore, the fiift projeítor of thofc philofophical meetings that gave birth to the Royal Society, 144, note.

Hall, the great one at Weftminíter, built, 104.

The prefent ufes to which it is applied, ib. note.

Hall, Freemafons’, plan for eftabliíliing a fund for the building of one for the ufe of the grand lodge, 293. Subfcriptions received for, 306.

Houfés and ground purchafed for, 307. Refolutions refpe<fting, 308. The foundation-fíone laid, 312. Infcription on ditto, 313, note. Dedication of the hall, 317. Contributions folicited toward difeharging the debt incurred on account of, 326. A loan negotiated, with pe­ culiar diftinñions to the fubfciibers, 331., 343.

The debt due to the charity fund cancelled, 344.

See Regulations under the article Hallfund, and the Table of fubfci ibers to the loan.

Hallcommittee, appointment of, 303. Are impowered to purchafe ground, 306. Make a purchafe, 307, 309.

Hampton-court palace, built by Cardinal Wolfey, 119. Enlarged by King William III. 194.

Hannilal, the Carthaginian general, deíigns the city of Artaxata, for the king of Armenia, 31.

Hebe, in the heathen mythology, the idea of, from whom derived, 16, note.

Hegira, the epocha of the Mahometans, coramencement of, 66, note.

Henry I. grants the firíl magna charta to the Enggliíli barons, 96. Buildings ereéted by, 97.

Henry II. his mafonical works, 97. Derivation of his furname, Plantagenet, ibid. note.

Henry III founds the prefent ftrutture of Weftminfter abbey, ioo.

Henry IV. his religious foundations, 106.

Henry V. builds Richmond palace, 106.

Henry VI. his ftatute againíl mafonical confederacies, 106, Curious examinaron of a fiee ma-

E

451

X.

fon, faid to be taken before this prince, 108, Is dethroned, 114.

Henry VII. builds his famous Gothic chapel at Weftminíter, 116. This chapel deferibed, 117.

H is other buildings, 118.

Henry VIII. renounces the papal authority, and fupprcíles religious houfes, 119.

Heptarchy, Saxon, in Britain, 89. United under Egbert, the firft king of England, 91.

Hércules of the heathens, the idea of, from whom derived, 16, note.

Herocl, exalted to the throne of Jerufalem by Ro­ mán influence, 59. Rebuilds the temple, ibid.

Hetrurians, invent the Tufcan order of architecture, 53.

Hill, Aaron, his account of the Ottoman empire, of no authority, 12, note.

Hiram, king of Tyre, his anfwer to King Solomon’s letter, 21. Furniíhes materials for build­ ing the temple at Jerufalem, 22. Vifits Solomon, and examines the temple, 27.

Hiram Abbif, his great abilities in mafonry, 22.

Is appointed mafter of the work in building the temple of Solomon, 23. His death, 27.

Hijlory, not to becarried up much higher than the introduílion of letters in a country, 122.

Holland. See United Pro∙vinccs. fl<√y∏><√, the abbey of, founded, 125.

I. James I. kingof Scotland, patronizes and regulates

the free-mafons, 126. Buildings ercíted by him, 127.

James III. of Scotland, a great employer of the craft in building, 127.

James IV. of Scotland, a great admirer of naval architeílure," 127. Marries Margaret, daughter of Henry VII. of England, 127.

James V, of Scotland, an ingenious patrón of learning, 127.

James VI. of Scotland, founds the univerfity of Edinburgh, 128. Succceds to the crown of England, 135.

James II,

452 James II. oí England

I

N

might liare been a better king had he been a matan, 192.

Japijet, the countries fettlcd by bis poílerity, 14; Jerufalem, the city of, repaired and beautified by king David, 20. The temple of Solomon built, 22. Deítroycd by Nebuchadnezzar, 34. The temple rebuiit by Zerubbabel, 37. And again

by Herod, 59. The city deítroycd by Vefpaílan, 62.

Jewcls of a lodge ought not to be lent for the purpofe of íhewing the grand lodge to new-made mafons, 362, note.

Ikenild-Jlreet, the oíd Román road in Britain, its courfe deferibed, 87.

India., Eaíl, a provincial grand maíler appointed for, 1/7Indujlry, poetical difplay of its operations, 197.

Initiation of mafons too often proílituted from unworthy motives to unworthy men, 393, note.

Infcriptions on the portico of the Pantheon at Rome, 56. On the pedeílal of the ftatue of CharlesII. in the Royal Exchange, London, 152. On the pedeílal of the Monumenr, 156, note. On the foundation-ílone of Freemaíons’hall, 313, note.

Integrity, an eflfential requifite in the mafonic charaéler, 393, note.

Jones, Iñigo, the great reformer of Engliíh archttedlure, particulars of his life, 135, his death and characler, 140, his works enumetated, ibid.

Jofiph, is employed by Pharaoh king of Egypt, in niany great mafonical works, 15.

JoJbua, leads the Hcbrcws over Jordán into the latid of Canaan, 18.

Ireland, the hiílory of, carried up to the family of Noah, t30. Was never invaded by the Ro­ mane ñor Saxons, ibid. Iligh charaéler given to the antient Itiíh, by Bede, ibid. Letters cu'.tivated there vety carly, 131. Mafonry encouraged by the Mileíian kir.gs of, ibid. The Engliíh invited over by Det mot king of Leinftcr, 132. A magna chaita granted to, by Henry III. of England. ibid. Progrefs of mafons . there, ¡33.

D

E

X.

Ifraelites, great cultivators of mafonry, 18.

Italy, a review of the firít revivers of

arts and feiences in, 70.

Júpiter Hanimon, the idea of, from whom derived, 17. note, Juβinian I. emperor of the eaíl, fends Belifarius to refeue Rome from the Goths, 65. Compiles a body of civil law, His ill treatment of Belifarius, of doubtful authority, 66.

K. Kcnneth Mac Alpine, king of Scotland, reduces the

Pi¿ls, 125.

Kingβon, lord, grand maíler, his prefents to the ío-

ciety, 220.

Knowledge, human, very llow in its progreíTion, 2.

How with-held from the vulgar by the antients, 3∙

Languages, firíl caufe of the varieties of, 11.

LeJ'coon, the ftatue of, ereéted, 63.

mafonic principies, if poffiblc to be avoided, 358.

Lcland, the antiquary, his copy of a curious oíd mafonical examination, 108.

LeJJons for a Prince, an antient Iriíh coropoíition, characler of, rjr.

Liberty, the fpirit of, favourablc to art3 and fciences, 144, note.

Librarles, monaític, the afylums of antient literature, until the revival of arts and fcknces, 69.

Lime, qualities of the different kinds of, 2c0.

Lindfay, Sir David, chufen grand maíler of Scot­ land, 127. Is better known as a poet, ibid. note.

Loan, negociated to difeharge the hall debt, 331.

343Loche, Mr. John, tranfmits a curious mafonical ex­ amination to a friend in Germany, 107. His notes on this manufeript, to8.

Lodge of mafons, the natureofthat aífcmbly exLannjüits, inconfiílent vvith

I

N

D

plained, 352. General rules for behaviour, in, 355. See Regulations.

London, general review of the internal fíate of, be­ fare the great fire, 147. Is vifited by a dreadful plague, 148. Is laid wafte by as dreadful a fire, ibid. Ellimate of its extent, and the number of buildings deftroyed, 149. General íketch of Sir Chriñopher Wren’s plan of a new city, 150.

Reafons of its mifcarriage, 15t. Dcfcription of the Monument, 154. Of St Paul’s cathedral, 159∙ Bethlehem hofpital, 172. College of Phyficians, 173. Defcriptions of the new ereéfed churches, ibid.

Lorrain, Francis, Duke of, initiated into mafonry by a deputation from the Engliíh grand-lodgc, 22Ó,

M. Eaft, traced from the time of Nimrod, the founder of Babylon, 11.

Magiβrates, maíonical obedience to, cxplained, 352∙ Magna Cbarta, firft obtained by the Engliíh barons, 96. One granted to Ireland, 132.

Mabomet, his religión propagated by fire and fword, 66.

MalcolmW. king of Scotland, compiles the firft body of Scottiíh laws, 125.

Man, his firft creation, fall, and mental abilities, 5. H is feveral inftruéfors, 6. The whole race of man corrupted, and deftroycd by the deluge, 8. Reftored by Noah, 10.

Manningbam, Dr. deputy grand mafter, his diligent difcharge of his duty remarked, 259.

Manufcripts, maíonical, burnt, 208. The motive to this raíli aét, ibid. note.

Marcellus, the Román general, takes the city of Syracufe, 52. Laments the dcath of Archimedes, and honours his memory, ibid. Patronifes the arts, 54.

Martcl, Charles, king of France, fends expert mafoDs toinftruéf the Anglo-Saxons, 91.

Magi, or wife men of the

E

X.

453

Martín, St. in the Fields, the foundation ílone of

that church laid with due ceremony, 217.

Mary, queen of Scotland, brief íketch of her lite,

128.

reafon of its beirtg tranfmittcd down to us asa myftery, 3. Why the fraternitv of, poflefs no very'antient records, 4. Why the hiftory of, begins with the creation of mankind, ibid. The year of, correéfed, 5. note. Origin of mafonical figns and tokens, 11. Origin of the appellation free mafon, 31. Does not interfere with religión, 38. The unión betweetr free and accepted mafons, whence dated, 41. A charter for, granted by Carauíius, at the inllance ofSr. Alban, 84. Is taught to the Anglo-Saxons, and lodges eftabliíhed in England, gt. A char. ter granted by Atheltlan, for the regulation of the fraternity of mafons, 93. Regulations framed under Edward III. 103. Aétof parliaraent againft mafonical confederacies, 106. The brethren juftified againft the allegations in this ftatute, 107. Copy of a curious antient mafonical examination, 108. The free mafons vindicatcd againft the fufpicions of Queen Elizabeth, by their grand mafter Sir Thomas Sackville, 120, Sovereigns, if brothers, grand mafters by prerogative, ibid. Regulations framed under Charles II. 146. Caufe of the decline of, during the latter part oí the feventeenth century, 193. Revival of the Grand lodge, 20ς. New publications on the fubjeét of, unneceflhry, 347, note.

Free mafons not to be made in prifons, 349.

Mafonry, operative, the origin of, 2. The proportions of the Greck architeéfure taken from the human body, 42. Order in architeéfure explained, 53, note. The Auguftan ftile received as a ftandard, 58. Mafonry, and the fine arts deftroyed by the barbarous northern nations, 65. Gothic architeéfure, 67. Revival of antient architeéfure, 70. Why the works of antient mafons were more ftupendous than thofe of modem times, 76. This art preferves me­ morial! of higher antiquity, than any other art 3 O can

Mafonry, Free, the

45 ⅜

INDEX

can preterid to, 122. Introduction of tlie Auguftan ftile to England, 13ς.

Mavfolus, king of Caria, defcription of his magnificent tomo, 40.

Mediéis, the family of, at Florence, great reftorers of the Auguftan ftile of architeélure, 71.

Mereury, in the heathen mythology, the idea of, from whom derived, 17, note.

Metáis, the art of working, who firft invented by, 7Middle-temple gate, the frontifpiece over it deferibed, 173.

Military ways of the Romans, defcription of thofe in Britain, 87.

Minorca, flouriíhing fíate of mafonry in that ifland, 257∙ Mirror, extraordinary one made by Arcliimedes to burn the Román íhips before Syracufe, 53. Imitated by M. Buftbn, ilid. note.

Mizraim, cultivates the art of rhafonry in Egypt, 12.

Mock mafons, occafion of that filly exhibition, 252.

Monkijh ages, a brief charaéler of, 69.

Montagu, Mr. Edward Wortley, his obfervatione on I’ompey’s pillar, 44.

Monument, defcription of the great column at London, fo called, 1 54. Defcription of the emblematical figures on the bafe, 155. Copies of the inferiptions, 156.

Mcody, George, fword-bearer to the Grand lodge, refigns the office, and prefents the focicty with thejewel he wore in that office, 232.

Mortar, good, how to prepare, 200.

Morton, James earl of, Grand mafter, prefents the fociety with a ilaff, for the ufe of the Grand tteafurer, 245.

Mofes, leads the Hebrews from Egypt to the land of Canaan, 16. His charaéler in mafonry, 17.

Mummius, the viétorious conful of Rome, humorous inftance of his ignorance of the polite arts, 54» Mur Sever, derivationof that ñame, 83, note.

Mssfic, who firft invented by, 7,

N. Matare, all arts and fciences founded on the lavvs

of, 1, 68.

Mcluchadnczzar, ravages Judea, and deftroys

the temple of Solomon, 34.

Nile, the annual feafon of the overflow of, indicated by the ftatue of Sphinx, 14.

Nimrod, the founder of the empire of Babylon, 11.

Noab, builds an ark by Divine command, to preferve the various fpecies of men and animáis from final deftruélion by the deluge, 9. He and his family repeople the earth, 10.

Norfolk, Thomas, duke of, Grand mafter, his pre­ fents to the fociety, 223; O. Odenatus, king of Palmyra,

aíTociated in the em­ pire of Rome by Gallienus, 30.

Odes, mafonic, 416.

Olympiads, the commencement of, 40.

Order, in architeélure, explained, 53, note.

Ofiris, the Egyptian deity, the idea of, from whom derived, 17, note.

P. Palladio, Andrea, a great architeél, and writer on

architeélure, 75.

Palmyra, brief hiftory of that city, 29.

Difcovery of its ruins, 30.

Pan, in the heathen mythology, the idea of, frotn whom derived, 17. note.

Pantbeon, at Rome, deferibed, 56. Is injured by late repairs, 57.

Papyrus, an Egyptian reed, the firft material ufed for the making of paper, 43.

Paros, one of the Grecian iílands, its rich flore of mafonical ruins, 50.

by Sir Chriftopher

Paúl, St. the new cathedral of, defigned

I *

N

Chriftopher Wιen, 159. Difficultics in taking down the remains of thc oíd pile, 160. The new foundation laid, 162. Why built of two orders, 163. The ñruéture defcribed, ilid. Opened for divine fervice, 168. Critical remarks on this cathedral, 169. Comparative table of its dimeníions with thofe of St. Peter’s at Rome, 171. The laft ílone placed on the lantern, 203.

Payne, Grand maíler, his zealous endeavours to promote the fociety, 207.

Pcrfepolis, the city of, burnt by Alexander the Great, 43.

Pcter, St. cathedral of, at Rome, account of the feveral architeóis employed on, 73.

Peter, St. cathedral of, at Weftminñer, built, 100.

Defcribed, 101. Its late repairs, 102. Defeription of the magnificent chapel built by Henry VII. 1t6.

Peter de Colechurch, the architeci of Londonbridge, 98.

Petitions for charity, the great number of them accounted for, 393, note.

Pctre lord, grand maíler, his fubfeription toward building Freemafons’-hall, 316.

Petrifañions in caverns, the formation of, explained, [67.]

Pews, an improper incumbrance in churches, 202.

Pbaros at Alexandria ereíted, 44, 48.

Pitfs, a more mechanical and mercantile people than the Scots, 125.

Pifls, wall in Britain, hiílory and defeription of, 63, 82.

Pilate, Pontius, baniíhed by Tiberius for the cru­ cifixión of Jefus Chriíl, 62.

Piles, not to be trufted to, in the foundations of buildings, unlefs always wet, 162.

Plantagenet, derivation of that ñame, 97, note. ' Plot, Dr. his encomium on the art of making geometrical fíat roofs, 153.

Pompeys pillar, the column, fo called, fuppofed by Mr. Montagu to have been erected in honour to Vefpafian, 44. Is difeovered to have originally had a flatue on it, 45.

D

E

455

X.

Pope, Mr. the poet, his general defeription of na-

ture, 1. His account of the origin of human knowledge, 6. His inílruítion to defigners, 68' His defeription of the happy influence of peace in promoting public works, r41, Cenfures the infeription on the monument at London, 158, note.

Preacldng, comparifon between that of the Engliíl»

and French clergy, 202.

Prifons, declared to be improper places to make free

mafons in, 349.

Procesión round the hall at grand feaíls,

order of, 214, 221. The order of, finally fettled, 245.

At laying the foundation-ílone of Freemafons’hall, 312, note. At the dedication of Freemafons’-hall, 318, note.

Procejjions, public-, of the fociety, difeontinued, with the reafon, 252.

Ptolemy Philadelphus, king of Egypt, builds the celebrated light-houfe on the iíle of Pharos at A. lexandria, 48.

Pullic works, promoted by peace under regal government, 141.

Pulpit, in churches, hints for the due placing of, for the benefit of the audience, 202.

Pyramids of Egypt defcribed, 12. Account of the interior of the largeíl, 13. The monarchs, who ereñed them, afraid to truíl their bodics in thcm, 14, note.

Pytl>agoras, the difeoverer of the 47th propofition of the firíl book of Euclid, 41.

O 4, Quarterly Communication, the reafon of the ñame,

206, note. 111 policy of gratifying new made mafons, by deputations to that aífembly, 362, note. See Regulations, under the article Grand lodge, &c.

R. Regiβer of new-made brethren, law» made to in-

3 O a

forcé

456

INDEX.

fine buildings, ibid. Mafonical woiks of fubfeforcé the obfervance of, 344. See Regulations, quent emperors, 62. The feat of empire removed under the title Hall-fund. to Conftantinople, 64. Over-run by the northern Regulations, viz. of the nations, z'tóZ. The city burnt by the Goths, Grand lodge, 359.

65. Review of their government in Britain, Grand mafter, 365.

8t. Their military ways there, 87.

Deputy grand mafter, 367.

Rojlin chapel, near Edinburgh, built by William Grand wardens, 368.

Sinclair, earl of Orkney, 127.

Grand treafurer, Rotunda at Rome, deferibed, 57.

Grand fecretary, 370.

Royal Exchange, firft built by Sir Thomas GreProvincial grand mafters, ilid, fliam, 120.

Rebuilt after the fire of London, Coinmittee of charity, 371. and defeription of the ftatus of Charles II. in Stewards, 381. the centre, 152.

Grand feaft, 383.

Royal fociety, preamble of the charter for the inHall fund, 386. corporation of, 142. Firft formation of, 144, Conftitutions, 3S8. note.

Makings, 392.

Mafters and wardens, 395.

S. Duty of members, 396.

Vifitors, 398.

Sacltville^S>vt Thomas, juftifies the free mafons a-?

Removal of lodges, ibid. gainft the fufpicions of Quecn Elizabeth, 1 20.

Public proceflions, 400.

Sandby, Thomas, Efq; appointed grand architeéf, Tylers, ibid.

317.

Religión, freedom of, allowcd in free mafonry, 38.

Sardanapalus, king of Aflyria, burns hitnfelf in his Mafonic obligations 1 efpeéting, 351. palace, 33.

Rhodes, hiftory and defeription of the Colofius there, Saturn, in the heathen mythology, the idea of, 50. The knights of, chufe Henry VII. for from whom derived, 17, note. their protector, 116.

Saxons, their firft arrival in Britain, 88. Eftabliíh Rialto at Venice, by whom that bridge was dcfeven kingdoms there, 89. Are- converted to figned, 75.

Chriftianity, 90. Are ínftrudted in mafonry, 91.

Ricbmond palace, built by Henry V. 106. ReI Egbert, the firft king of all England, ibid. See built by Henry VII. 1 18.

Rngland.

Richard III. rematks on Mr. Walpole’s attempts Scienccs, all founded on the laws of nature, 1. Thofe to vindícate his charaíter, 115, note. termed liberal, enumerated, 42, note.

Roads, Román, in Britain, deferibed, 87.

Scotland, the early hiftory of, incredible, 122. De­ Robet for grand officcrs, propofal for their being provided, and worne on public occafions, 327. feription of the ruins of the vitrified forts, 123. t * Mafonic hiftory of, 125. The revenues of the Romam, the rude commencement of their nation, church feized, and architeciure encouraged by 53. Excel in arms before they encourage arts, the nobility, 128. Antient aífemblies of the 54. Arrive at great íkill in mafonical operations, 55. Julius Cafar, his great fcientifical Scottiíh mafons, 129. Unión with England, 196. qualifications, ibid, His aflaffination of no fervice to the caufe of liberty, 56. The Pantheon Secretary to the grand lodge, firft appointment of deferibed, 57. Auguñus embelliíhes Rome with 212.

I

N

D

212. An affiftant allowed to, 3r0, A joint fecretary appointed, 337.

Sdeucus Nicanor, king of Syria, his great mafonical works, 46.

Serapis, the Egyptian deity, the idea of, from whom derived, 17, note.

Sbeen, the abbey’ and palace of, built by Henry V. 106.

Sbeldon, abp. defigned the theatre at Oxford, 152.

Sbem, the countries fettled by his pofterity, 13.

Sbinar, the pofterity of Noah aflemble there, and attempt to fecure themfelves from difperfion, 10, Migration from, 11.

5A7i-bui!ding, a branch of archite<fture, 9.

Sidoniam, their happy genius in arts, 18.

Signs and tokens among mafons, the origin of, 11.

Silenus, of the heathens, the idea of, from whom derived, 17, note.

Smith, capt.ún George, objeñion to his being appointed grand warden, and his refignation, 336, A fanéfion refufed for his book on the Vfe and Abufe of Frec Mafonry, 347. A complaint exhibited againñ him for making mafons improperly, 349∙ Solomon, king of Ifrael, his letter to Hiram, King of Tyre, 21. Prepares for building the temple» 22. His folemn dedication of the temple, 27.

His other mafonical works, 29. Aflcmbled a grand lodge annually at Jerufalem, 30. His mafons travel, and diffufe their íkill in architecture, 31.

Somerfei houfe at London, built, 119.

Sotigs, 426.

Soverclgns, if brothers, grand mafters of mafons, by prerogative, 120.

Speech, the firft confufionof, how occafioned, 11, Sphinx, the cnormous figure of, in Egypt, explained, 14.

Steivards for the grand feaft, twelve appointed, 219.

Are allowed to nominate their fucceflbrs, 227.

Particular privileges granted to them, 232, 296.

All grand ofticers to be chofen from fubferibing members of the ftewards’lodge, 329. Chronological table of, 402. Ste Regulatlom,

E

X.

457

in building, kno.vn before the compoíition and baking of bricks, 2. And brick, firft ufed in England, 91. Englifli, the beft fpecies of, 200.

Stonehenge, on Saliíbury plain, deferibed, 79. Several conjetures as to the buildcrs of, and the purpofe of the ereétion, 80.

Stukcley, Dr. his attempt to derive the feveral heathen deities, from the patriarchs in facred hiftory, 16, note- His account of Stonehenge, 80.

Sublimity in architeéiure, attempt to afeertain the fpccies of, [68.]

Subfcribcrs to the hall-loan, to be prefented with medals, 33 r. To be admitted members of the grand lodge, 343. A Lift of 413.

S--χord, that of Guftavus Adolphus king of Sweden, prefented to the fociety by Thomas duke of Norfolk, 224.

S'αw√-bearer to the grand-lodge, firft appointed, 225.

Sy raenfe, extent and ftrength of that ciiy, 51. Is takcn by Marcelina the Román general, 52.

Stone, the ufe of,

T. Tabernacle, ereáled in the tvildernefs, 17, Table of grand ofticers, 401.

Tadmor in the deferí, built by king Solomon, 29.

Templars, brief account of the order of, 97.

Build their Domut Del, too.

Temple oí Solomon, preparations made for the build­ ing, 20. Hiram Abbif appointed mafter of the work, 23. The number and claífesof the craftfmen employed on it, 24. Time employed in its erection, 23. Its dimenfions and defeription 26. Dedication of, 27. Is dcftroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, 34. Is rebuilt by a decree of Cyrus, 37. This fecond temple finiíhed and * dedicated, 38. Is again rebuilt by Herod, 39.

Tents, who firft invented by, 6.

Theatre at Oxford, defigned by abp. Sheldon, 132.

Dr. Plot’s encomium on it, 133.

Tbompfon, his difplay of the operations of induftry andcommerce, 197.

Timber

índex.

458

Timlcr for rcofs, what fpecies the beít,. 200.

Titut, fon of the empcror Vcfpafian,

deílroys the

city of Jerufalem, 62.

Totila the Goth, burns the city of Rome, 65.

Tonvcr of London, built, 96.

the authority of, fuperior to common tradition, 3.

7r<y'<zs,"emperor, defeription of his'famous co­ lunia, 63.

Trcafurcr to the fociety, declated a grand officer, 260.

Tafean order of architedure, by whom invented, 537yr<∙, the city of, built bySidonian mafons, 19.

Tyrian artiíls celcbrated, 18.

Traditiont, mafonic,

V.

Paugban, brother, fenior grand warden, prefents a

large feal to the fociety, 244.

Highlands of Scotland, the ruins of, deferibed, 123. The probable caufe of walls being thus formed, 124. l7itru∙vius, a Román writer 011 architeélure, 57.

Unión of the Engliíh and Scottiíhcrowns, 12t, 196. i,⅛7∕√ Provinces of Holland, an alliance formed with the grand lodgc of, 297.

Univerfe, all parts of, governed by wife and unerring laws, 1.

Portigern, king of Britain, reduced to invite the Saxons over to proteíf his fubjeñs againft the Pids, 88.

Putean, the heathen deity, the idea of, from whom derived, 16, note.

Pitriβcd forts in the

W. Wales, a kingdom eílabliíhed there

by the antient Britifh refugees, 89.

Watts, Frederic, princeof, initiated into mafonry, 235∙ Walf>ole, Mr. remarks on his attempt to vindícate the charadter of Richard III. 115, note.

Watling-faeet, the oíd Román road in Britain, its courfe deferibed, 87.

The prefent abbey-church built, 98. Defeription of this church, 101. The great hall there, built, 104. Defeription of Henry VIl.’s chapel, 117. marión, Philip duke of, procures himfelf to be elefted grand mafter irrcgularly, 211. Is prcpofed by the duke of Montagu for his fucccífor, and duly clcftcd, ibid.

William the conqueror, his many mafonical works, 96.

William Rufus, his mafonical works, 96.

WUliamllL. eleñed king of England, 193. His mafonical works, 194.

William of Wykeham, was architeff of Windfor caílle, 103. Rebuilds Wefoniníter-hall, 104.

Wincbcβcr, defeription of the intended royal palace there, 190.

Windfor caftle rebuilt, and its feveral architefts fpe- • ciftcd, 103.

Wolfey, cardinal, his mafonical works, 119.

Woodβock palace built, 97.

Work, mafonic, rules for the due management of, 354World, the popular year of, erroneous, 5, note. Is overwhelmed by a general deluge, 8. Is repeopled by the family of Noah, ro.

Wren, Sir Chriñopher, íketch of the early part of his life, 14ς, note. Is ordered to lay out the plan of a new city, after the fire of London, r49∙ General Íketch of his plan, 130. Reafons of its mifearriage, 151. Defigns the monumental column in memory of the fire, 153. Defigns the new cathedral of St. Paúl, 159. His conduít in the building of it, 160. Defeription of the feveral pariíh-churches reftored by him, 173.

Defigns the palace at Wincheíler, 190. Afliíls in the building and fettlement of Chelfea and Greenwich hofpitals, 195. His ihítru&ions for church-building, 198.

Weβminβer, the royal pal.tce there, built, 96.

Y.

Tcaroí mafonry, corre«Sed, 5, note.

2cnobiat

I Z.

D

N

Zoιliac, the fymbolical reprefentation of the tvvelve

.

figns in, whence derived, 17, note.

Zoroaβer, the chief of the mngians, his

Zenobia, quccn of Palmara, carriéd to Rome in

gieat charaéter, 38. Some of his followers flill remaining in the Eaíl, ilid.

triumpb, by the,empcror Aurelian, 30.

ZerMalfl, is commiflioncd by Cyrus to rebuild the temple at Jerufalem, 37. Finiíhes, and dedí­ cales it, 38.

E Page

R

R

A

A.

T

19.

Une the laft,

for difciple,

read difcipline.

53.

69.

head titlei line 8.

for Egypt,

read Italy.

for reafonable,

read reafonableneís.

154: Une 11.

for cone,

read circular turret.

220. line 1.

for Mercers’ hall, read Stationers’ hall.

330. line 16.

for George Hope, read George Heffe.

388. Une η. fromthebottom,for'X.∖'V.

To the

B

I

read'XNll.

N

D

E

R.

Cancel the fingle Lcaf, page 67, 68.; and fupply the place with the half íheet, page 673 68, [67,) [68.]

LATELY

PUBLISHED,

(In one large handfome Volunte in atto, price bound, il. iu, 6d.J

A NEW HISTORY of LONDON, INCLUDING

WESTMINSTER

and

SOUTHWARK.

To which is added, an ACCU R.ATE SUR VE Y of the whole; with Defcriptions of the Public Buildings, late Impxo vements, &c.

Uluftrated with Forty-two Copperplates.

By

J O H N

NOORTHOUCK.

LONDON, printcd for R. Baldwin in Paternofter Rovr.

A

L

S

O,

(In two Volutnes 8w, price bound, 12s.J

An HISTORICAL and CLASSICAL DICTIONARY: Containing the Lives andCharacters of the mofteminent and learncd Perso NS,inevery Age andNation, from the earlieñ Periodto the prefentTime.

ByJOHN

NOORTHOUCK.

London, printcd for W. Strahan; and T. Cadell in the Strand.