ΣΧΕΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΑ ΚΑΙ ΑΠΕΙΡΕΣ ΔΙΑΣΤΑΣΕΙΣ: τοπολογικές προσεγγίσεις στην αρχιτεκτονική

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This study attempts to examine the convergence of mathematical topology and architecture in the 20th and 21st centuries, focusing on the concept of infinite dimensions and the relativity of space. It investigates how topology may challenge traditional architectural concepts, shaping new, non-standard forms and steering architecture toward unconventional approaches. Additionally, the relationship between topology and artificial intelligence is explored, which allows for the exploration of infinite dimensions and potentially influences the design and perception of space. The concept of space, inspired by Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, is approached, proposing a new understanding of space that could encouragearchitectstoincorporateaestheticvalues, suchas beauty and simplicity, into their designs. Subsequently, it examines how space and timecan be perceived in architecture through topological practice, allowing the reconfiguration of spatial structures with the aim of creating sustainable and functional forms. From mathematical investigation to the practical application of machine learning algorithms in architecture, the influence of technological tools on the modern built environment is highlighted. New technologies and the reconsideration of traditional approaches provide a canvas of endless possibilities, transforming the perception and design of space in ways that were previously inconceivable.

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1 Straumann N. (2012). General Relativity (“’ ¯»´¿Ã¸). –»´Ïõ»Ã Springer.

ISBN: 9400754094

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2 ¤Ä¿½Ã¿Ï»¸ –. (2015). ΑÃÏ Ç¸¾ µÈµ¼»¿¯³ ÃǸ¾ ½µÇ³³¼¸ÇÏǸdz ÃÇ¿¾

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3 Cogdell C. (2019). Toward a Living Architecture: Complexism and Biology in Generative Design. –»´Ïõ»Ã University Of Minnesota Press. ISBN:9781517905385

4 Cogdell C. (2019). Toward a Living Architecture: Complexism and Biology in Generative Design. –»´Ïõ»Ã University Of Minnesota Press. ISBN:9781517905385

5 ³¼Ç¯·¿È •. (2017). ˜ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ ÃǸ¾

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6 ”¿ÈÄ´¿Ï»¸Ã •. (2018). The Future is Analog: A Post-Protocological Approach to the Production of Form in Architecture.

7 Cogdell C. (2019). Toward a Living Architecture: Complexism and Biology in Generative Design. –»´Ïõ»Ã University Of Minnesota Press. ISBN:9781517905385

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8 Arendt H. (1961). The conquest of space and the stature of man. Between past and future: Six exercises in political thought. (Ã.267). ˜£“. –»´Ïõ»Ã The Viking Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2146499

9 Cache B. (1995). Earth Moves: The Furnishing of Territories. –»´Ïõ»Ã The MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262531306

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10 Floridi L. (2014). The Fourth Revolution: How the Infosphere is Reshaping Human Reality. “³³¼¯³. –»´Ïõ»Ã Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780199606726

11 Hawking S. (2018). £ύ¾Ç¿½µÃ ³Ã³¾Ç¯Ãµ»Ã Ãdz ½µ³¯¼³ µÄÉǯ½³Ç³. (“. »Ç³¸¼¯´¸Ã, µÇ³φÄ.) œ¿¾´¯¾¿ –»´Ïõ»Ã £³Ç¯»¸

12 Penrose R. (2022). Artificial Intelligence Versus Natural Intelligence. –»´Ïõ»Ã Springer

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14 Cache B. (2011). Projectiles. Architecture Words 6. (Ã. 24). œ¿¾´¯¾¿. ISBN: 978-1-902902-88-3

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»µÃ½¿ÏÃ, ¾¯¿Èà 15 ¤Ã¿È»³¼¯ ›. (2014). –ÃÉǵĻ»¯Ã φɾ¯Ã Ç¿È Miralles »³» ¸Ç¸Ç»»¯ ǿï³ Çɾ ³Ä³½½ώ¾ Ç¿È. Miralles. Conenna C. (–û½.) (Ã. 15). ›µÃ󼿾¯»¸. –»´Ïõ»Ã –ﻵ¾ÇÄ¿. ISBN: 978-960-458-447-5

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Ç¿È φÉÇÏà »³» Ǹà û»¯Ã (–»»Ï¾³ 5 »³» 6). ˜»»³¾ÏǸdz Ǹà ÇįøÃȼ»»ώ¾ »³» Ǹà ³Ã¼¯Ã, ¯½µÃ¸Ã ÃĿï³³»Ã¸Ã »³Ç¯ Ǹ ´¸½»¿Èij¯³, ÃȾ¿´µÏ¿È¾ Ç¿ ¯Ä³¿ Ç¿È »³¼¼»Ç¯Ç¾¸ »³» Ç¿¾ φ¯Ä¾¿È¾ õ µÃ³φ¯ ½µ Ç¿¾ ¯¾»ÄÉÿ»³» Ǹ¾ »³»¸½µÄ»¾¯ ·É¯.16

–»»Ï¾³ 5: <Rooms by the Sea=, Edward Hopper, 1951. ˜ ´Ï¾³½¸ Ǹà ³¼¼¸¼µÃ¯´Ä³Ã¸Ã Ç¿È φÉÇÏà »³» Ǹà û»¯Ã. §ÉÇ¿³Ä³φ¯³ Çij³¸³½¯¾¸ Ç¿¾ ž¿¯½³Ä»¿ Ç¿È 2023, ÃǸ¾ ¯»»µÃ¸ Ç¿È Yale University Art Gallery.

16 Hopper E. (1959, 17 œ¿È¾¯¿È). Oral history interview with Edward Hopper. £Äϳij½½³ Archives' Oral History. £È¾¯¾ÇµÈ¿¸ ³ÃÏ Ç¿¾ Morse

John D

–»»Ï¾³ 6: Edward Hopper, 1882-1967, û¯Çÿ.

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17 —³φµ»ÄÏÿȼ¿Ã

Ç¿È Louis I. Kahn »³» ¯¼¼³ ´¿»¯½»³ (Ã. 38-39 & 51-55). –»´Ïõ»Ã –ﻵ¾ÇÄ¿. ISBN: 978-960-458-356-0

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8: §³¾Ç³ÃÇ»»¯ ³¾³Ã³Ä¯Ãdzø. œ´»³¯ÇµÄ¿Ã ´µÃ½Ïà ½µÇ³¿Ï

19 Cohen J. L. (2019). ˜ ÃȾ¯Çµ»³ Çɾ ÇύÃɾ. ˜ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ ½µÇ¯ Ç¿ 1889. œµ Ç¿ ³¼¯½½³ ÃÇ¿ ½¯¼¼¿¾. ›¿¼ώ¾³Ã “. (–û½.). (³ÄÇ»¾¯´¸Ã £., µÇ³φÄ.). (Ã. 21). ›µÃ󼿾¯»¸. –»´Ïõ»Ã University Studio Press. ISBN: 978-960-122447-3

¤¿1858, ¿³ÃÇÄ¿¾Ï½¿Ã»³»½³»¸½³Ç»»ÏÃ, AugustFerdinandMöbius (–»»Ï¾³ 9), õĻ¯³Ä³Èµ

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Möbius (–»»Ï¾³ 10). “¾»³»¸¯´»³¸φ»³¿Ïij³Ä¯Ã»µÇ³»ÃµÃ»¿³Ädz¯µÃ

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ÃĿó¾³Ç¿¼¯Ã»½³. ˜ ¼Éį´³ Möbius µ¯¾³» ½»³ µ¾»³¯³, ÃȾµÇ¯Ã µÃ»φ¯¾µ»³, ¿Ä»¿»µÇ¸½¯¾¸ »³» õõijý¯¾¸ õ ¯»Ç³Ã¸, ³¼¼¯

µÃ»Çįõ» ¯Ãµ»Ä¸ ´»¯¼µÈø. “Èǯ ¸ »´»³»ÇµÄÏǸdz, Ç¿ õõijý¯¾¿ ¯Ãµ»Ä¿, ÃĿï¼»Èõ ¼¯³¿ ³Ä³Ïǵij, Ǹ ´µ»³µÇ¯³ Ç¿È 1940, Ç¿¾ »³¼¼»Ç¯Ç¾¸ Max Bill, Ïdz¾ ¯ÃÇĻȵ »³» »Ï¼¼¸Ãµ

–»»Ï¾³ 9: August Ferdinand Möbius, 1790-1868.

20 Burry J., Burry M. (2010). The new mathematics of architecture. United Kingdom. (Ã.158). –»´Ïõ»Ã Thames & Hudson. ISBN: 978-0-500-29025-5

ÃÉà ÏĻõ ¿ ½³»¸½³Ç»»Ïà »³» »µÉĸǻ»Ïà φÈû»Ïà Jules Henri Poincaré (–»»Ï¾³ 11), Ã¿È ³Ã¯»Ç¸Ãµ Ç¿¾ ǯǼ¿

ǿÿ¼¿³¯³Ã» ½µÇ¯ Ǹ ´¸½¿Ã¯µÈø Ǹà <Analysis Situs= (1895), ¸

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–»»Ï¾³ 11: Jules Henri Poincaré, 1854-1912.

21 Burry J., Burry M. (2010). The new mathematics of architecture. United Kingdom. (Ã.158). –»´Ïõ»Ã Thames & Hudson. ISBN: 978-0-500-29025-5

¤¿ 1882, ¿ ½³»¸½³Ç»»Ïà Felix Klein (–»»Ï¾³ 12) »Ï¼¼¸Ãµ µÃ¯Ã¸Ã ´Ï¿ ÃµÇ ³Ã¯¾³¾Ç» ¯»Äɾ ¼Éį´É¾, ¯¾³ ÃµÇ ³ÃµÈ»µ¯³Ã »³» ¯¾³ ½µ õĻÃÇÄ¿φ¯, »³» ÏĻõ Ǹ¾ ³¾ÉÃǯ ½¸ ÃĿó¾³Ç¿¼»Ã½¯¾¸

µÃ»φ¯¾µ»³ Éà «µÃ»φ¯¾µ»³ Klein», ³¾ÉÃÇÏǵij µφ³Ä½¿Ã½¯¾¸ Éà ǿ «½Ã¿È»¯¼» Klein» (–»»Ï¾³ 13). £Ç¿¾ ÇĻô»¯Ãdzǿ »Ïý¿, Ç¿ «½Ã¿È»¯¼» Klein» ¿ÃÇ»»¿Ã¿»µ¯Ç³» Éà ½»³ ÃȾµÇ¯Ã, »¼µ»Ãǯ µÃ»φ¯¾µ»³Ã¿È´µ¾ ¯Çµ»¿ÏǵµÃÉǵĻ»Ï¿Ïǵµ¿ÉǵĻ»Ï »³»Ã¿È ´µ¾

½Ã¿Äµ¯ ¾³ »³Ç³Ã»µÈ³Ãǵ¯ ÇÉįà ¾³ ´»³ÃdzÈÄώ¾µÇ³» õ »¯Ã¿»¿ ø½µ¯¿.

Ç¿ «½Ã¿È»¯¼» Klein» ½Ã¿Äµ¯ ¾³ µ¾Ãɽ³ÇÉ»µ¯ ÇÉįà ³ÈÇ¿Ç¿½¯ õ

´»³Ãǯõ»Ã. ”»³ óį´µ»³½³ ÃÇ¿¾ »¼¯´¿ Ǹà ǿÿ¼¿³¯³Ã, ¸ Ãφ³¯Ä³ »µÉĵ¯Ç³»

–»»Ï¾³ 12: Felix Klein, 1849-1925.

22 Burry J., Burry M. (2010). The new mathematics of architecture. United Kingdom. (Ã.158-161). –»´Ïõ»Ã Thames & Hudson. ISBN: 978-0-50029025-5

Topological Manifolds

Einstein µ¾´»³φ¯Ä»¸»µ³³»»¯³»³Ç¿¾³¾Ç¯»ÇÈÿǸõûÃǯ½¸Ã»³»

ǸÃ

³¾»ÄÉÃÏǸdzÃ.   Le Corbusier, ³ÃÏ Ç¸¾ ¯¼¼¸ üµÈį, ¯Ç³¾ ¯¾³Ã

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½µ Ç¿ Ãǵ´»³Ã½Ï ¼µ»Ç¿Èij»»ώ¾ »³» »³¼³¯Ã»¸Çɾ ÇώÄɾ ´»³³¯ÉøÃ.

¤¿ 1945, ¿ Le Corbusier ÏĻõ Ǹ¾ ¯¾¾¿»³ Ç¿È <Modulor=, ´¸¼³´¯

ü¯Ä¿Èà ÃÈÃǯ½³Ç¿Ã³¾³¼¿³»ώ¾

(–»»Ï¾³ 15). ›³»¿»´Ï¿¯¾Çĵý¿»Ä¯·¿¾Ç³¾¯¾³»¿»¾Ïµ¾´»³φ¯Ä¿¾, ¾³ ´»µÄµÈ¾¯Ã¿È¾ Ç¿ ÃώÃ

¤¿ 1946, ¿ Le Corbusier ÃȾ³¾Ç¯»¸»µ ½µ Ç¿¾ Einstein ÃÇ¿ Princeton Ǹà ž¯³Ã ¥ÏÄ»¸Ã, ³¾³·¸Çώ¾Ç³Ã Ǹ¾ «µÃ»ÃǸ½¿¾»»¯»

Ç¿¾ ½µ³¯¼¿ φÈû»Ï³»³Ç¸¾»´¯³Ç¿È<Modulor=,»³»ώýϾ»½¸µÃ»´¯É¿¯ ǿȯdz¾¸ÃϾ´µÃ¸Ç¸Ã³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯Ã½µÇ¸¾µÃ»Ãǯ½¸24(–»»Ï¾³ 16).

–»»Ï¾³ 15: Modulor.

23 Cohen J. L., Benton T. (2019). Le Corbusier Le Grand. –»´Ïõ»Ã Phaidon Press.

24 Perna V. (2020). Science and the city. In the era of paradigm shifts. ¤¯Ä³¾³. doi:10.37199/c41000200. ISBN: 978-9928-347-05-3

–»»Ï¾³ 16: Le Corbusier »³» Albert Einstein, Princeton, 1946.

¨ÄϾ»³ ³Ä³Ïǵij, ¿ Bernard Cache, Éà ÃÄώ»½¿Ã ÈÿÃǸĻ»Ç¯Ã Çɾ

ǵǾ»»ώ¾ ȸφ»³»¿Ï Ãǵ´»³Ã½¿Ï,

Ç¿¾ ÏÄ¿ <non standard=ÃǸ¾ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯. £Ï½φɾ³ ½µ Ç¿¾ Cache, ¸ ½¸

ÇÈÿÿ»¸½¯¾¸ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ ³φ¿Ä¯ ĵÈÃǯà µÃ»φ¯¾µ»µÃ ÿÈ

½Ã¿Ä¿Ï¾ ¾³½µÇ³φµÄ»¿Ï¾ õ¼¿³»Ã½»»ÏCAM»³»¾³ ½µ¼µÇ¸»¿Ï¾ ÉÃ

»Ç¯Ä»³. ”»³ Ç¿¾ ¯´»¿, ½µ³¯¼¸ ø½³Ã¯³ ¯Çµ» ¸ ½¿Äφ¯, »³»ώà ¸ Çįø

Ç¿È CAD ½Ã¿Äµ¯ ¾³ ´ώõ» µÃ»φ¯¾µ»µÃ Ã¿È ´µ¾ ½Ã¿Ä¿Ï¾ ¾³

Ãǵ´»³ÃǿϾ ½µ ǯij»³ »³» Ã¿È ¸ ´È¾³ÇÏǸǵà ³¼¼³³ώ¾ ÃÇ¿¾ ÇĻô»¯Ãdzǿ ÇώÄ¿ ³¯¾¿¾Ç³» µφ»»Ç¯Ã. ”»³ óį´µ»³½³, Ç¿ ¼¿³»Ã½»»Ï

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ǻõ¾Ç¿¼¯Ã µ»ÃÏ´¿È Ã¿È Çĸû½¿Ã¿»µ¯ 25 (–»»Ï¾³ 17).

25 Cache B. (2011). Projectiles. Architecture Words 6. (Ã. 60-61). œ¿¾´¯¾¿.

ISBN: 978-1-902902-88-3

›–§“œ“œ  3

¿ ¯¾»ÄÉÿà ³»³ ¾³ »³Ç³¾¿¯Ãµ» Ç¿ ÃϽó¾ ¯ û¿ ³Ã¼¯ «¤³

½³»¸½³Ç»»¯ ³Ã¿Çµ¼¿ύ¾ Ç¿ »µ½¯¼»¿ Ç¿È ¯´»¿È Ç¿È Ãύ½Ã³¾Ç¿Ã».26

–»µ¯ ÃȾ³¾Ç¯ »³¾µ¯ÃÇ¿³ÃϼÈÇ¿»³» Ç¿¯Ãµ»Ä¿,³ÈÇÏÃ¿È ½Ã¿Äµ¯ ¾³

Ãȼ¼¸φ»µ¯ »³» ³ÈÇÏ Ã¿È ½Ã¿Äµ¯ ¾³ ½¸¾ ³¯¾µ» ³¾Ç»¼¸ÃÇÏ (–»»Ï¾³ 18).

¯´»¿Ã¿ Einstein, ³»³Ç¸»µÉį³Ç¿È³³Ã¯ÃǸ»µÃǸ¾«¯³¾¿»³»,ÃǸ¾ ³³É¾¯³³¾¯³»¸Ãµ¿¯³¸Ã¸Ã,ÃǸ¾ õĻ¯Ä³µ»³.•µ¾¼µ»Ç¿Ïij¸Ãµ³Ã¼¯

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µÃ»Ãǯ½¸Ã Ç¿È ³¾»ÄώÿÈ: Ǹ »µÉį³ Ǹà Ãǵǻ»ÏǸdzÃ. –»»Ï¾³ 18: ¤³ ½³»¸½³Ç»»¯ ½¯Ã³ ÃÇ¿¾ ÇÄϾ¿.

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26 Hawking S. (2018). £ύ¾Ç¿½µÃ ³Ã³¾Ç¯Ãµ»Ã Ãdz ½µ³¯¼³ µÄÉǯ½³Ç³. (»Ç³¸¼¯´¸Ã “., µÇ³φÄ.) œ¿¾´¯¾¿. –»´Ïõ»Ã £³Ç¯»¸

27 Bodanis D. (2000). A biography of the world’s most famous equation E = mc². (“¼³³¯¾¿È “.) “»¯¾³. –»´Ïõ»Ã “.“. œ»³¯¾¸. ISBN: 960-14-0683-2

´Ï¿½¯Ä¸ ÃǸ »µÉį³ ǸÃÃǵǻ»ÏǸdzÃÇ¿È Einstein:¸ µ»´»»¯ Ãǵǻ»ÏǸdz (special relativity) »³»¸ ³µ¾»»¯ Ãǵǻ»ÏǸdz (general relativity) (–»»Ï¾³ 19).

˜ µ»´»»¯ Ãǵǻ»ÏǸdz ¼¯µ» ÏÇ» «¿ ÇώÄ¿Ã »³» ¿ ÇÄϾ¿Ã ÃȾ´¯¿¾Ç³» »³»

ÏÇ» ½Ã¿Ä¿ύ¾ ¾³ ǵ¾ÇÉ»¿ύ¾ »³» ¾³ ÃÈÄÄ»»¾É»¿ύ¾, »³»ώà »³» ÏÇ»

ǯÿdz ´µ¾ ½Ã¿Äµ¯ ¾³ dz¿»´¯Èµ» û¿ ³Ä¯³¿Ä³ ³ÃÏ Ç¸¾ dzÇύǸdz Ç¿È

φÉÇÏÃ.»28

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28 Einstein A. (2023). ˜ µ»´»»¯ »µÉį³ Ǹà Ãǵǻ»ÏǸdzà (“’ ¯»´¿Ã¸). (¨Ä»Ãdz»Ïÿȼ¿Ã ›., µÇ³φÄ.) –»´Ïõ»Ã ¤ώ½¸. ISBN: 9789606551475

29 Straumann N. (2012). General Relativity (“’ ¯»´¿Ã¸). –»´Ïõ»Ã Springer.

ISBN: 9400754094

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Ǹ¾ óį´¿Ã¸ Ã¿È »¯¼µ» ǻà µÃ»Ãǯ½µÃ ¾³ ü¸Ä¿Ï¾ »¯Ã¿»³

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ÃϽó¾Ç¿Ã.30 ˜ ¯´»³, ÃÇ¿¼»¯·µ» ÃÇ¿ ¯Ä³¿ ǸÃ, ÏÇ» ¸ µÃ»Ãǯ½¸

¿µ»¯¾¸Ãµ ¾³ ³µ¾¾»¯Ç³» ³ÃÏ Ã»¯Èµ»Ã Ã¿È ´µ¾ ÈïÄdz¾ ÃÄÏÇ»¾¿Ã.

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µÃ»ÃǸ½Ï¾É¾ ¸ «ÃÄ¿Ãﻵ»³ ³»³ ³µ¾¯»µÈø» Ç¿È Einstein.31 ½ÉÃ,

õ ³¾Ç¯»µÃ¸ ½µ Ç¿¾ µÃ»Ãǯ½¿¾³, ¿ ¿Ã¿¯¿Ã »¯Ã¿»µÃ φ¿Ä¯Ã ½Ã¿Äµ¯ ¾³

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ȼ¿Ã¿»¯Ãµ» ¯¾³ ¼µ»Ç¿Èij»»Ï »³» ³Ä½¿¾»»¯ ¯ÄÇ»¿ »Ç¯Ä»¿

30 Arendt H. (1961). The conquest of space and the stature of man.

Between past and future: Six exercises in political thought. (Ã.272). ˜£“. –»´Ïõ»Ã The Viking Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2146499

31 Arendt H. (1961). The conquest of space and the stature of man.

Between past and future: Six exercises in political thought. (Ã.273). ˜£“ –»´Ïõ»Ã The Viking Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2146499

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36 Burry J., Burry M. (2010). The new mathematics of architecture. United Kingdom. (Ã.157). –»´Ïõ»Ã Thames & Hudson. ISBN: 978-0-500-29025-5

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38 Hawking S. (2018). £ύ¾Ç¿½µÃ ³Ã³¾Ç¯Ãµ»Ã

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–»»Ï¾³ 24: Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Frank Gehry, œÃ󾯳, 1997.

39 Gehry F. (2022, 22 œ³¾¿È³Ä¯¿È). One great story. Intelligencer. £È¾¯¾ÇµÈ¿¸ ³ÃÏ Ç¿¾ Davidson J.

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40 Kip Thorne S. (1994). Black holes & time warps. Einstein’s outrageous legacy. ž¯³ ¥ÏÄ»¸. –»´Ïõ»Ã W.W. Norton. ISBN: 978-0-393-31276-8

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Ãǵ´»³ÃÇ»»¿Ïà õĻ¿Ä»Ã½¿ÏÃ, ÏÃÉà ³»Ä»³ώà ¿ Einstein ´µ¾

õĻ¿Ä»·Ïdz¾ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ ÃȽ³³Ç»»¯ »³Ç³¾Ï¸Ã¸ Ǹà ³³ÄÏǸdzÃ.

£È¾µÃώÃ, »³¼¼»µÄ³µ¯Ç³» ¸ ³¾ÉÃÇ»»¯ µÈµ¼»¿¯³ Ã¿È µÃ»Çįõ» ´¸½»¿Èij»»¯Ã³¼¼¯ ÃȳÇÄϾÉà ¼µ»Ç¿Èij»»¯Ã³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯Ã¼Ïõ»Ã.

41 £È½µÉ¾¯´¸Ã ›. (2024). •»¯¼µ¿¸: ΑÄǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯, Ãǵ´»³Ã½Ïà »³» ³»Ã»¸Ç»»¯Ã Ãij»Ç»»¯Ã Ǹà û¯È¸Ã »³» Ǹà ³Ä³φ¯Ã. ¤½¯½³ “Äǻǵ»ÇϾɾ ¸Ç³¾»»ώ¾. ›µÃ󼿾¯»¸. £¿¼ÈǵǾ»»¯ £Ç¿¼¯ “£›

ǸÃÃǵǻ»ÏǸdzÃ:

-•µ´¿½¯¾¿: ÇÉÄ¿ÇÄϾ¿Ã, ¯¾³ ¯Ãµ»Ä¿ Ïφ³Ã½³. ˜ ϼ¸ ¼¯µ» ÃÇ¿

ÇÉÄÏÇÄ¿¾¿Ãώþ³ »³½Ãȼώ¾µÇ³»»³» ¿»³½Ãϼ¿ÃÇÉÄÏÇÄ¿¾¿Ã¼¯µ»

ÃǸ¾ ϼ¸ Ãώà ¾³ »»¾µ¯Ç³».42

-—¸Ç¿Ï½µ¾¿: ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯, ¯¾³ ¯Ãµ»Ä¿ Ïφ³Ã½³. ˜ ϼ¸ ¼¯µ» ÃǸ¾

³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ Ãώà ¾³

ÃǸ¾ ϼ¸ Ãώà ¾³ »»¾µ¯Ç³». £ώà ¯Ä³³µ ¸ φÈû»¯ ½¿Äφ¯ »³»

¼¯µ»

³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯Ã µÃ¸Äµ¯·µ» »³» Èó³¿ÄµÏµ» Ǹ¾

Ǹ¾ ³¼¼¸¼µÃ¯´Ä³Ã¸Ã³ÄϽ¿»³ ½µÇ¸ ³³ÄÈÇ»»¯ µÃ¯´Ä³Ã¸ ÃÇ¿ ÇÉÄ¿ÇÄϾ¿; (–»»Ï¾³ 27)

–»»Ï¾³ 27: Le Penseur (  ûµÃÇϽµ¾¿Ã), François-Auguste-René Rodin, £³Ä¯Ã», ¿Èõ¯¿ Rodin, 1882.

42 Straumann N. (2012). General Relativity (“’ ¯»´¿Ã¸). –»´Ïõ»Ã Springer. ISBN: 9400754094

˜»´¯³Ç³Ä³»Ç¸Ä»Ã½¿ÏǸóÄǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ÃÉë¯Ãµ»Ä¿Ïφ³Ã½³»,»³

Ç¿¾¯·µ» Ç»Ã

¯Ãµ»ÄµÃ µ»Ç¯Ãµ»Ã Çɾ ´È¾³Ç¿Ç¯Çɾ. «‹Ç¿È½µ Ǹ ´È¾³ÇÏǸdz ¾³

µÃµ»Çµ¯¾¿È½µ dz ÏÄ»³ Ç¿È Ç» µ¯¾³» ³Ã¿´µ»ÇÏ ¯ÃĿô¿»ώ½µ¾¿ »³» ¾³

µÃ»Çµ¼¯Ã¿È½µ Ãij³½³Ç»»¯

Ãǯ´»³. “ĻûϽ³Ãǵ ÃÇ¿

»³Çώφ¼» µ¾Ïû³È½³ÃÇ¿ύ »³»¾¿ύij»¿È »Ïý¿È, µ¯¾³» ÃȾ³ÄóÃÇ»»Ï

Ïÿ »³» µÃ»»¯¾´È¾¿ ½¯Ä¿Ã »³» µ½µ¯Ã µ¯½³Ãǵ ¿» ÃÄÉÇ¿ÃÏÄ¿» Ã¿È »³ ´»³ÃǯÿȾ Ç¿ »³Çώφ¼».»43 £Ç¸¾ õįÃÇÉø Ǹà ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯Ã, ¿»

´È¾³ÇÏǸǵà ³Ã¿ÇÏÃÉøà ½¯³Ã ½¿Äφ¯Ã µ¯¾³» ¯Ãµ»ÄµÃ.

Ãǵ´»³Ã½ÏÃǸóÄǻǯ»Ç¿¾¿Ã, ZahaHadid »³½Ã¿Ä¿Ïó½µ¾³Ã¿Ï½µ

ÏÇ» ³Ã¿Çµ¼µ¯

ÃÇ¿¼¯¿È Ç¿È Stephen Hawking, »³»ώà ÏÃÉà »³» ¿ Einstein, »³Ç³φ¯Ä¾µ» ¾³ «Ãïõ»» Ç¿¾ »³¾Ï¾³ »³» ¾³ ³¾¿¯¿µ» ´ÄϽ¿

û¯È¸Ã.

³ÃĿôϻ¸Ç¿ÈÃÇÄÏÿÈÃ.

«£Ä»¾³ÃÏ ¯¾³¾ ³»ώ¾³¿ AlbertEinstein ¯φµÄµ½¯³ µÃ³¾¯Ãdzø ÃǸ¾

»³Ç³¾Ï¸Ã¯½³Ã³»³Ç¿¾ÇώÄ¿,Ç¿¾ÇÄϾ¿,Ǹ¾µ¾¯Ä³µ»³»³»Ç¸¾ύ¼¸».44 ˜ µÃ»Ãǯ½¸ µ¯¾³» φ³¾µÄÏ ÏÇ» µÃ¸Ä¯³Ãµ »³» µÃ¯»Çµ»¾µ, ¯½µÃ³ ¯

¯½½µÃ³, Ç¿¾ ÇÄÏÿ û¯È¸Ã »³» ¯´Éõ µ¾³Ïý³Ç³ ÃÇ¿ÈÃ

³Äǻǯ»Ç¿¾µÃ ¾³ ³ÃÇ¿¼¸»¿Ï¾ ½µ ´»³φ¿ÄµÇ»»¯Ã ½¿Äφ¯Ã. ÃÉÃ

³¾³φ¯Ä»¸»µ »³» ÃÄ¿¸³¿È½¯¾ÉÃ, ü¯¿¾ ³¯¾µÇ³» ´»³»Ä»ÇÏà ¿ »¿»¾ÏÃ

ÇÏÿà ½µÇ³¿Ï ǿÿ¼¿³¯³Ã »³» ÃϳÇÄ¿¾¸Ã ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯Ã, »³»ώÃ

43 Hawking S. (2018).

44 Hawking S. (2018).

µÄÉǯ½³Ç³. (»Ç³¸¼¯´¸Ã “., µÇ³φÄ.) œ¿¾´¯¾¿. –»´Ïõ»Ã £³Ç¯»¸

¯¾³¾ ´È¾³½»Ã½Ï ÃǸ û¯È¸ Ǹà ǿÿ¼¿³»»¯Ã Ãij»Ç»»¯Ã, ´¯¾¿¾Ç³Ã Ǹ ´È¾³ÇÏǸdz ¾³ ³¾³Ã³Ä³Ãdz»¿Ï¾ õ Ãij³½³Ç»»¯

´È¾³½»»¯ ½¿¾Ç¯¼³ – ½¿¾Ç¯¼³ Ã¿È ÃȾ´¯¿È¾ µ¿ÉǵĻ»¯Ã ´È¾¯½µ»Ã

ÃǸ ½¿Äφ¯ »³» Ǹ¾ ¿Ä³¯¾Éø, É»ώ¾Ç³Ã ÃǸ¾ µ»Çȼ»ÃÃϽµ¾¸

»³Ç³¾Ï¸Ã¸ Ç¿È φÈû»¿Ï »Ïý¿È ½¯ÃÉ Ç¸Ã ¿ÃÇ»»¿Ã¿¯¸Ã¸Ã Ç¿È ³Ã¿Çµ¼¯Ã½³Ç¿Ã.45  » óij»¯ÇÉ »³Ç¸³¿Ä¯µÃ, û»³¾ώÃ

µ¾»ÃÇÏÿȾ Ǹ¾ µÃ»¼¿³¯ Ç¿È Ç³Ä³»Ç¸Ä»Ã½¿Ï Ǹà ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯Ã Éà «¯Ãµ»Ä¿ Ïφ³Ã½³».

1.–¾¾¿»¿¼¿³»»¯“õ»ÄÏǸdz:“øǵ¯Ãµ³ÃµÄ»ÏÄ»Ãǵû´¯µÃ,»µÉįµÃ, ÃÇȼ »³» »³»¾¿Ç¿½¯µÃ.

˜ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯, Éà »¼¯´¿Ã, µÃµ»Çµ¯¾µÇ³» ¯Ãµ»Ä³ Ïÿ¾ ³φ¿Ä¯ ǻà »´¯µÃ, ǻà »µÉįµÃ, dz ÃÇȼ »³» ǻà »³»¾¿Ç¿½¯µÃ Ã¿È ½Ã¿Äµ¯ ¾³ õĻ¼³½³¯¾µ». •µ¾ ÈïÄǵ» ÏÄ»¿ ÃǸ

´¸½»¿Èij»»ÏǸdz, Ǹ ½¿Äφ¯, Ǹ ¼µ»Ç¿Èij¯³ »³» Ç»Ã

ǵǾ¿¼¿³»»¯Ã µ¿µ¼¯¿µ»Ã ÿÈ

¾³ µ¾Ãɽ³Çώõ» ¸

³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯.46 “Èǯ ¸ ¯Ãµ»Ä¸ µÃ¯»Ç³Ã¸ Çɾ µ¾¾¿»¿¼¿³»»ώ¾ ´È¾³Ç¿Ç¯Çɾ, ³¾Ç»»³Ç¿ÃÇį·µ» ǻà ³Çµ¼µ¯Éǵà »µÉĸǻ»¯Ã ÃÄ¿µ»Ç¯Ãµ»Ã Ç¿È ÇÉÄ¿ÇÄϾ¿È.

2.¨Ä¿¾»»¯ “õ»ÄÏǸdz: –»Çµ¯¾µÇ³» ´»³ÇÄ¿¾»»¯, ³ÃÏ ³Ädz¯µÃ »³Ç³Ã»µÈ¯Ã½¯ÇÄ» ÃϳÇÄ¿¾³ »Ç¯Ä»³.

˜ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ µ»Çµ¯¾µÇ³» õ ϼµÃǻó¾»Äώû¾µÃ µÃ¿Ç¯Ã, ³ÃÏ ³Ädz¯µÃ »³Ç³Ã»µÈ¯Ã Ã¿È ÇÄ¿¾¿¼¿³¿Ï¾Ç³» Ç»¼»¯´µÃ

45 Burry J., Burry M. (2010). The new mathematics of architecture. United Kingdom. (Ã.159-161). –»´Ïõ»Ã Thames & Hudson. ISBN: 978-0-50029025-5

46 Koolhaas R., Mau B. (1997). SML XL. ž¯³ ¥ÏÄ»¸. –»´Ïõ»Ã The Monacelli Press. ISBN: 13 978-1885254863

¾³

µÃ»½¯¾µ»»³»¾³µ¿µ¼¯Ãõdz»ÃÇ¿ÇÄϾ¿. 47 ›¯»µÃµÄ¯¿´¿ÃǸÃ

»Ãǿį³Ã ÃĿû¯Çµ» ¯¾³ ¾¯¿ µÃ¯Ãµ´¿ Ãǻà ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯Ã Ãij»Ç»»¯Ã, µÃ¸Äµ³Ã½¯¾µÃ ³ÃÏ Ã¿¼»Ç»ÃÇ»»¯Ã, ǵǾ¿¼¿³»»¯Ã »³» »¿»¾É¾»»¯Ã³¼¼³³¯Ã.

3. ¨ÉÄ»»¯ “õ»ÄÏǸdz: £³Ä¿Èû¯·µÇ³» ÏÃ¿È ÈïÄǿȾ ³¾»Äώû¾µÃ

´Ä³ÃǸĻÏǸǵÃ, ³ÃϳÃÇ»»¯ »¯¾Çij

£µ φÈû»Ï µÃ¯Ãµ´¿, ¸ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ ÈïÄǵ» ó¾Ç¿Ï

ÇÉÄ»»¯

dzij»Ç¯Ä³.

4. œµ»Ç¿Èij»»¯ “õ»ÄÏǸdz: ‡Ãµ»ÄµÃ ´È¾³ÇÏǸǵà ÃĿóĽ¿³¯Ã »³» Çįõɾ.   Äϼ¿Ã »³» ¸ ¼µ»Ç¿Èij¯³ Ǹà ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯Ã »³

¤³ »Ç¯Ä»³ »³» ¿» ÇώÄ¿» ½Ã¿Ä¿Ï¾ ¾³

¾³

³»³ ³½¯ÇĸǿÈà ÇÏÿÈà Çįøà –¿»»»ÃÇ»»¯Ã, µ½Ã¿Ä»»¯Ã, µ»Ã³»´µÈÇ»»¯Ã, ȳµ»¿¾¿½»»¯Ã,

47 Fazio M., Moffett M., Wodehouse L. (2008). A World History of Architecture (“’ ¯»´¿Ã¸). œ¿¾´¯¾¿ –»´Ïõ»Ã Laurence King Publishing. ISBN: 13 978-1856695497

48 Giedion S. (2008). Space, Time and Architecture, The Growth of a New Tradition. –»´Ïõ»Ã Harvard University Press . ISBN: 13 978-0674030473

»³» Ç¿¾ ÇÄϾ¿.

5. ›¿»¾É¾»»¯ »³» £¿¼»Ç»ÃÇ»»¯ “õ»ÄÏǸdz: “¾Ç³¾³»¼¯ »³» µÃ¸Äµ¯·µ»

ǻà »¿»¾É¾»»¯Ã »³» ÿ¼»Ç»ÃÇ»»¯Ã ÃȾ»¯»µÃ, ½µ ÃȾµÇµ¯Ã µ¿µ¼¯¿µ»Ã.

“Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯,»¯»µ»Ç¯Ä»¿¯ÇώĿó¾Ç³¾³»¼¯¯µÃ¸Äµ¯·µ»

Ç¿¾ »¿»¾É¾»»Ï »³» ÿ¼»Ç»ÃÇ»»Ï

»³» ¸ ³ÃÇ»»¯ ÿ»ÏǸdz

µÃ»φ³¾µ»ώ¾ óįǿȾ ü¯»¿Ã µ»»Ï¾É¾ »³» µ½Ãµ»Ä»ώ¾.51 “Èǯ ¸ ÿ»»»¼¯³ Ãǻà ³¾»Äώû¾µÃ µ½Ãµ»Ä¯µÃ »³» ³¾Ç»¼¯Èµ»Ã φ³¾µÄώ¾¿È¾ Ǹ¾ ³ÃµÄ»ÏÄ»ÃǸ φÏø Ǹà ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ÃÉà ½¿Äφ¯ ǯǾ¸Ã.

49 Ching, F. D. K. (2017). ΑÄǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯: œ¿Äφ¯, ¨ώÄ¿Ã, •»¯Ç³¿¸. (›. “. £ÃÈÄ»´É¾¯´¸Ã, –û½., & £. £³Ã³´¿Ã¿Ï¼¿È, µÇ³φÄ.) “»¯¾³. –»´Ïõ»Ã Utopia. ISBN: 9789604059454

50 Kenneth F. (2007). Modern Architecture: A Critical History (•’ ¯»´¿Ã¸). œ¿¾´¯¾¿ –»´Ïõ»Ã Thames & Hudson. ISBN: 13 978-0500203958

51 Zumthor P. (2006). Atmospheres: Architectural Environments. Surrounding Objects. ›³¼»φÏľ»³ –»´Ïõ»Ã Birkhäuser. ISBN: 13 9783764374952

dz ÏÄ»³ Ç¿È Ç»

µ¯¾³» ´È¾³ÇÏ ÃǸ¾ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯. “ÃÏ Ç»Ã ³Ädz¯µÃ ¿»»¿´¿½»»¯Ã ǵǾ»»¯Ã ½¯ÇÄ» Ç¿ ÃϳÇÄ¿¾¿ Èÿ¼¿³»ÃÇ»»Ï Ãǵ´»³Ã½Ï »³» ǻà ³»ώû½µÃ ǵǾ¿¼¿³¯µÃ, ¸ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯

³Ä¯Ã»µÇ³» õ ÃȾµÇ¯ Ä¿¯ »³» »³»¾¿Ç¿½¯³.52

£È¾µÃώÃ, ¸ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ ³Ã¿´µ»»¾Ïµ» ¯¾³¾ »¼¯´¿ ³ÃµÄ»ÏÄ»ÃÇɾ

õĻ¼³½³¯¾µ» ÇÏÿ ǻà ³Ãǯà Ïÿ

52 Kolarevic B. (2003). Architecture in the Digital Age (“ ¯»´¿Ã¸). œ¿¾´¯¾¿. –»´Ïõ»Ã Taylor & Francis. ISBN: 9780203634561

«»³½Ãȼώ¾µÇ³»»»³»¸³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯¼¯µ»ÃǸ¾Ï¼¸Ãώþ³»»¾µ¯Ç³»»

¾³

¸ ϼ¸ »³Ç¯ »¯Ã¿»¿¾ ÇÄÏÿ

«Èó³¿ÄµÏµ»» Ǹ¾ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ ½¿Äφ¯. ˜ φÏø Çɾ ȼ»»ώ¾ ÿÈ

Çĸû½¿Ã¿»¿Ï¾Ç³»ÃǸ¾»³Ç³Ã»µÈ¯½Ã¿Äµ¯¾³µÃ¸Äµ¯Ãµ»Ã¸½³¾Ç»»¯

Ǹ¾ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ ½¿Äφ¯ »³» ´¿½¯. ”»³ óį´µ»³½³, ¿» »´»ÏǸǵÃ

Ç¿È Ç¯¼È³³ µÃ»ÇįÿȾ »³½Ãȼϳij½½³ Ãǯ½³Ç³ »³» µ»ÇµÇ³½¯¾³

³¾¿¯³½³Ç³, µ¾ώ Ç¿ ³¯Ä¿Ã »³» ¸ ÿ»ÏǸdz Ǹà ïÇijà ½Ã¿Äµ¯ ¾³

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³ÃÏ Ç»Ã ½¸Ç³¾»»¯Ã Ç¿È »´»ÏǸǵÃ, ÏÃÉà ¸ ³¾Ç¿Ç¯ õ µφµ¼»ÈýÏ, ¸ µ¼³ÃÇ»»ÏǸdz»³»¸³¾»µ»Ç»»ÏǸdz,ÿȵøĵ¯·¿È¾Ç³Ãǯ½³Ç³ »³» ǻà ½¿Äφ¯Ã Ã¿È µ¯¾³»

ǿȳ¯Ä³. £µÃµ»Ã½¿³µ¾µ¯Ã·ώ¾µÃ,¸»³Ç³Ã»µÈ¯ Ãįõ» ¾³

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ÇώÄ¿, Èó³¿ÄµÏ¿È¾ Ãȳ»µ»Ä»½¯¾µÃ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯Ã ³Ã¿»Ä¯Ãµ»Ã Ã¿È «»³½Ãȼώ¾¿È¾» »³» ÃĿóĽϷ¿È¾ Ç¿ Ãǯ´»¿, ώÃǵ ¾³ dz»Ä»¯·µ»

³Ä½¿¾»»¯ ÃÇ¿ ü³¯Ã»Ï Ç¿È. ‡¼¼¿» óį³¿¾ÇµÃ ÏÃÉÃ, ¿» ¯È¼µÃ »´»ÏÇ¸ÇµÃ Ç¿È Ã¿¼»Ç»Ã½¿Ï, Ǹà óį´¿Ã¸Ã »³» Çɾ »¿»¾É¾»»ώ¾ »³¾Ï¾É¾, µÃ¯Ã¸Ã »³»¿´¸³¿Ï¾ Ç¿¾ ÇÄÏÿ ½µ Ç¿¾ ¿Ã¿¯¿ «»³½Ãȼώ¾µÇ³»» ¸ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯. £È³ÇÄϾÉà »³» ¿ ÇÄÏÿ÷ɯÃ, ¿» ³¼¼¸¼µÃ»´Ä¯Ãµ»Ã, ¿» ³¾¯³»µÃ »³» ¿» ³Ã³»Ç¯Ãµ»Ã Çɾ ÇĸÃÇώ¾, »³»¿Ä¯·¿È¾ Ǹ¾ ½¿Äφ¯ Ç¿È ÇώÄ¿È. O ³Äǻǯ»Ç¿¾³Ã Rem Koolhaas ³¾³φ¯Äµ» ÏÇ»: «˜ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯

µÃ»»È½¸Ç¯, ¸ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ ½Ã¿Äµ¯ ¾³ «»³½Ãȼɻµ¯» ÃĿà dz ½¯Ã³, ´¸¼³´¯ ¾³

³Ã¿»Ç¯Ãµ» µÃÉÃÇĵφ¯ dzij»Ç¯Ä³, ´¸½»¿Èijώ¾Ç³Ã »¼µ»Ãǯà ³È¼¯Ã

»³» ¼»³Ïǵij óį»Èij Ã¿È ³¼¯Ã¿È¾ ÃÇ¿ ´ÄϽ¿. “¾Ç¯»µÇ³, õ û¿

»¿»¾É¾»»¯ ³¾¿»ÇÇ¿Ïà ÿ¼»Ç»Ã½¿ÏÃ, ¸ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ ½Ã¿Äµ¯ ¾³

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³¾¿¯³½³Ç³. –ûü¯¿¾, ¸ ÃÄÏ¿´¿Ã Ǹà ǵǾ¿¼¿³¯³Ã óįǵ» ÃÇ¿ÈÃ

³Äǻǯ»Ç¿¾µÃ ¾¯¿Èà ÇÄÏÿÈà ½µ Ç¿Èà ¿Ã¿¯¿Èà ¸ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯

½Ã¿Äµ¯ ¾³ «»³½Ãȼώõ»» »³» ¾³ ÃĿóĽ¿Ãǵ¯. ¤³ ÃϳÇÄ¿¾³

Èÿ¼¿³»ÃÇ»»¯

ÃȾ»¯»µÃ, µÃ¸Äµ¯·¿¾Ç³Ã õij»Ç¯ÄÉ Ç¸¾ «»³½ÃȼÏǸdz» »³» Ǹ ½¿Äφ¯ Çɾ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»ώ¾ ´¿½ώ¾.

“ÃÏ Ç¸¾¯¼¼¸ ¸ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ µÃ¸Äµ¯·µ» Ç¿¾ ÇÄÏÿ ½µÇ¿¾¿Ã¿¯¿ ¿»

¯¾»ÄÉÿ» »³» ¸ ϼ¸ »»¾¿Ï¾Ç³» »³» ³¼¼¸¼µÃ»´Ä¿Ï¾ ½¯Ã³ ÃÇ¿ ÇώÄ¿.

³Äǻǯ»Ç¿¾³Ã Louis Kahn, ³¾³φ¯Ä¿¾Ç³Ã ÏÇ» «Ÿ ´ÄϽ¿Ã µ¯¾³» ¯¾³

´É½¯Ç»¿ »³ÇÏû¾ ÃȽφɾ¯³Ã»54 Èÿ´µ»»¾Ïµ» ÏÇ» ¿» ÇώÄ¿»

»³»¿´¸³¿Ï¾ »³» µ¼¯³Ç¿È¾ Ǹ¾ »¯¾¸Ã¸ ó¾ ¯¾³ ÃȽφɾ¸½¯¾¿ ÃȽ³Ï¼³»¿. ”»³ óį´µ»³½³, ½»³ Ãõ»Ä¿µ»´¯Ã û¯¼³ ÃÄ¿»³¼µ¯

´»³φ¿ÄµÇ»»Ï ½¿Ç¯³¿ »¯¾¸Ã¸Ã õ Ãϳ»Ä»Ã¸ ½µ ½»³ µÈ»µ¯³ û¯¼³. ˜ ´»¯Ç³¿¸ µ¾Ïà »Ç»Ä¯¿È ½Ã¿Äµ¯ ¾³ µ¼¯³Çµ» Ǹ¾ Ä¿¯ »³» Ǹ¾ »¯¾¸Ã¸, »³»¿´¸³ώ¾Ç³Ã ¯ µ½Ã¿´¯·¿¾Ç¯Ã Ǹ¾ ½µ ´»¯φ¿Ä¿Èà ÇÄÏÿÈÃ. “Èǯ ¸

ÃÇÈǯǸóÄǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ÃµÃ¸Äµ¯·µ»Ç¿¾ÇÄÏÿ½µÇ¿¾¿Ã¿¯¿»»¾µ¯Ç³» ¸ ϼ¸ (¯¾»ÄÉÿ», ³¯Ä³Ã, φÉÃ) ½¯Ã³ õ ³Èǯ¾ »³» µÃ»Ã¼¯¿¾ µÃ¸Äµ¯·µ» ÃȾ³»Ã»¸½³Ç»»¯Ã »³» ÈÈÇ¿¼¿³»»¯Ã »³Ç³Ãǯõ»Ã Çɾ »³Ç¿¯»É¾ ¯ Çɾ ÇĸÃÇώ¾. “¾Ç¯ÃÇ¿»Ç¸, ¸ φįø Ç¿È Le Corbusier:

53 Koolhaas R. (1978). Delirious New York. ”³¼¼¯³. –»´Ïõ»Ã Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-1885254009

54 Kahn L. (2003). Louis Kahn: Essential Texts. (Twombly R.C., –û½.) –»´Ïõ»Ã– W.W. Norton.

½¿Äφ¯Ã ½µ

ÇÄÏÿ Ã¿È ½Ã¿Äµ¯ ¾³ Èó³¿ÄµÏõ» ÇÏÿ Ǹ¾ »¯¾¸Ã¸ Ïÿ »³» Ǹ¾

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Çɾ ³¾»ÄώÃɾ, »³»ώà ½¯ÃÉ Ç¿È Ãǵ´»³Ã½¿Ï, ÃÄ¿»³¼¿Ï¾Ç³»

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55 Le Corbusier. (1986). Towards a new architecture. (Goodman J., µÇ³φÄ.) ”³¼¼¯³. –»´Ïõ»Ã Dover Publications INC. ISBN: 0-89236-822-5

56 Conenna C. (2014). ˜ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ Ç¿Ã(»)¿³Ä³φ¯³ ÃÇ¿ ¯Ä³¿ Ç¿È Enric Miralles. Miralles. Conenna C. (–û½.) (Ã. 72). ›µÃ󼿾¯»¸. –»´Ïõ»Ã –ﻵ¾ÇÄ¿. ISBN: 978-960-458-447-5

›–§“œ“œ  4

ÃÉà ¯Çµ» ³¾³φµÄ»µ¯ ½¯ÇÄ» ÃÇ»³½¯Ã, ¿» ³Äǻǯ»Ç¿¾µÃ, ÏÃÉà »³» ¿ Einstein, ³»¿¼¿È»¿Ï¾ ½¯³ »¿»¾¯ µÈφ¯¾Ç³ÃǸ ÿĵ¯³ Ãȼ¼¿³»Ã½ώ¾ ³»³ ¾³ µ½Ã¾µÈÃǿϾ »³» ¾³ ïĿȾ ³Ã¿φ¯Ãµ»Ã. £È½½µÇ¯Ç¿È¾ õ ´¸½»¿Èij»»¯Ãµ»»³Ã¯µÃ»³» ¿Ä³½³Ç¯·¿¾Ç³» ´È¾³ÇÏǸǵÃïij ³ÃÏdz ÃȽ³³Ç»»¯ ÏÄ»³. “»Ä»³ώÃ, ÏÃÉà ¿

ªÃ ǵǾ¸Ç¯ ¾¿¸½¿ÃϾ¸ (Artificial Intelligence-AI), ³¾³φ¯ÄµÇ³» ¸

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¯Ã³³ÃϯĵȾµÃ´»³Ã»ÃÇώ»¸»µÏÇ»,ÃÇ¿ÃϳÇÄ¿¾¿»Ïý¿,¸Çįø Ǹà ǵǾ¸Ç¯Ã¾¿¸½¿ÃϾ¸Ã¯Çµ»»ÃÇÈÄϳ¾Ç¯»ÇÈÿÃÇ¿¾³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»Ï Ãǵ´»³Ã½Ï. ˜ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ AI ³¾³φ¯ÄµÇ³»

57 ›¿È¼»¯Ä¸Ã ”. “. (2023, 2 œ¿È¾¯¿È). ˜ AI ÃǸ¾ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯. £È¾¯¾ÇµÈ¿¸

Ǹ ´»³´»»³Ã¯³ Ãǵ´»³Ã½¿Ï »³» »³Ç³Ã»µÈ¯Ã, ÏÿÈ

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Ç¿¾ »Ïý¿ ³»³ Ǹ¾ ³¾¯ÃÇÈ¿¸ ÿ¼Ïü¿»É¾ »³½ÃȼÉÇώ¾ µÃ»φ³¾µ»ώ¾58, ´¯¾µ» ¯¾³Èý³ ÃǸ¾ »³Ç³Ã»µÈ¯ óij½µÇÄ»»ώ¾ »µ¼Èφώ¾ Ãdz »Ç¯Ä»³. £È¾µÃώÃ,

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58 Umashankar B. (2023). Parametric investigation of agent-based modeling in algorithmic development of curved surfaces. International Journal of Architectural Computing. (Ã. 67 – 83).

59 Khelil S., Khelil A., & Bouzir T. A. K. & Berkouk D. & Zemmouri N. (2022). Assessing the Effect of Building Skin Adaptability on Energy Consumption in Hot Arid Regions.

60 Loia V., Sessa S. (2013). Soft Computing Agents. –»´Ïõ»Ã Physica Verlag Springer. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1818-5

³¼¼¸¼µÃ»´Ä¯Ãµ»Ã, ³¯¾¿¾Ç³» ³¾Ç»¼¸Ãǯà »³» ³µ¼Ç»ώ¾¿¾Ç³» ³ÃÏ Ç³

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ÇώÄɾ, ¯Ç³¾ Ç¿ Generator Project Ç¿È 1978, Ç¿È Cedric Price. £µ

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(–»»Ï¾³ 30).

(2012).

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4

Generative Adversarial Network (GANs)

»³ »¼³Ã»»¯ Çįø AI ÃÇ¿¾ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»Ï Ãǵ´»³Ã½Ïµ¯¾³» dz GANs (=Generative Adversarial Network), ¼¿³»Ã½»»Ï Ã¿È Ã³Ä¯³µ», µ»Ã¯³¿¾Ç³Ã »µ¯½µ¾¿ ¯ µ»»Ï¾³, óij½µÇĿÿ»¯Ã»½³ Ãǯ´»³, ´¸¼³´¯ interactive design, ÏÃ¿È ¿ ³Äǻǯ»Ç¿¾³Ã ½Ã¿Äµ¯ ¾³ ³¼¼¯·µ» »³» ¾³ ³µ¼Ç»ώ¾µ» Ç¿ ǵ¼»»ÏÃÄ¿ËϾ ÃĿû¯Ç¿¾Ç³Ãµ¾Ç¿¼¯Ã (–»»Ï¾³ 31) .

–»»Ï¾³ 31: •»³Ç¯¿µ»Ã »Ç»Ä¯É¾ ½µ ´È¾³ÇÏǸdz GAN.

Virtual Reality (VR) “»Ï½³, ½µÇ¸¾ µÈ»¿¼¯³ óij³É³¯Ã

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Ç¿È ³Äǻǯ»Ç¿¾³ Ïÿ »³» Ç¿È Ãµ¼¯Ç¸ µ¾ώ ÃȳÇÄϾÉà ´¯¾µ» Ǹ

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Ãǵǻ»ώ¾ µÃ³³³µ¼½¯Çɾ ³ÃÏ Ï¼¿ Ç¿ »Ïý¿, ÃÇ¿¾ ¯´»¿ µ»»¿¾»»Ï »Ïý¿, Ç¿ ³¾ÉÃÇÏ metaverse, ÏÃ¿È ³¾³Ã³Ä¯Ãdzdz» õ ¿¼Ï³Ä³½½³ Ç¿ »Ç¯Ä»¿ÃÄ»¾ ¿µ»»¾¯Ãµ» ¸ »³Ç³Ã»µÈ¯ 62 (–»»Ï¾³ 32).

–»»Ï¾³ 32: Virtual Reality.

62 ›¿È¼»¯Ä¸Ã ”. “. (2023, 2 œ¿È¾¯¿È). ˜ AI ÃǸ¾ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯. £È¾¯¾ÇµÈ¿¸

Augmented Reality (AR)

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–óȿ¸½¯¾¸ £Ä³³½³Ç»»ÏǸdz (Augmented Reality-AR), ¸ ¿Ã¿¯³

õĻ¼³½³¯¾µ» µ»»¿¾»»¯ ÃÇ¿»Çµ¯³ õ ¿»Ï¾¸, 63 dz ¿Ã¿¯³

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¿¼¿³Ä³½½¯Çɾ, ÏÃÉà ¸ µ³»³Ç¯Ãdzø Ãɼ¸¾ώõɾ ÃÇ¿Èà ǿ¯Ç¿ÈÃ.

”µ³¿¾ÏÃÿȽµ»ώ¾µ» dzû»³¾¯¼¯»¸ »³»´»µÈ»¿¼Ï¾µ»Ç¸´»³´»»³Ã¯³

µ»Ç¯¼µÃ¸Ã Ç¿È ¯Ä³¿È (–»»Ï¾³ 33).

–»»Ï¾³ 33: Augmented Reality.

63 ›¿È¼»¯Ä¸Ã ”. “. (2023, 2 œ¿È¾¯¿È). ˜ AI ÃǸ¾ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯. £È¾¯¾ÇµÈ¿¸

ChatGPT

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µ¯¾³» ï¾Ç¿Çµ ¯³»Èĵà 64 (–»»Ï¾³ 34).

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–»»Ï¾³ 34: ChatGPT.

64 ›¿È¼»¯Ä¸Ã ”. “. (2023, 2 œ¿È¾¯¿È). ˜ AI ÃǸ¾ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯. £È¾¯¾ÇµÈ¿¸

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(–»»Ï¾³ 35). –»»Ï¾³ 35: ˜

65 Millán E., Belmonte M. V., Boned F. J., Gavilanes J., Pérez-de-la-Cruz J. L, Díaz-López C. (2022). Using machine learning techniques for architectural design tracking: An experimental study of the design of a shelter. Journal of Building Engineering,Volume 51. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104223

66 Borglund C. (2022). Artificial Intelligence in Architecture and its Impact on Design Creativity. –ĵȾ¸Ç»»¯ µÄ³³Ã¯³. (Gustavsson T. K., –û³¼.). School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE). £Ç¿»Çϼ½¸. Real Estate and Construction Management.

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ÃÉó»Ä»³ώÿ Einstein ³½φ»Ã³¯Ç¸ÃµÇ¸¾»³»»µÄɽ¯¾¸¯¾¾¿»³Ç¸Ã

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õ ¯Ä³³ φ³¾Ç³ÃÇ»»ώ¾ ³¾³Ã³Ä³Ãǯõɾ ³¼¼¯ »³» ½¯Ã³ õ»ÃÇ¿Ä»»¯ »³» ÃϳÇÄ¿¾³ ³Ä»ÃÇ¿Èij¯½³Ç³ (–»»Ï¾³ 36).

Howl's Moving Castle

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Hayao Miyazaki (2004), ³Ã¿Çµ¼µ¯

Ã¿È »»¾µ¯Ç³» »³» ½µÇ³½¿Äφώ¾µÇ³» ½Ï¾¿ Ç¿È (–»»Ï¾³ 37).

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¸ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯

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67 ¤³»¾¯³ <Howl’s Moving Castle=. (2004). Hayao Miyazaki (û¸¾¿»µÃ¯³ & õ¾¯Ä»¿). –dz»Ä¯³ óij³É³¯Ã: £Ç¿Ï¾Ç»¿ Ghibli. œ³Ãɾ¯³

68

<Howl’s Moving Castle= Ç¿È Hayao Miyazaki, 2004.

69 Raising Children Network. (2004). Howl's Moving Castle. By Australian Council on Children and the Media

Chiesa di San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane

ÃÄÉǿÿĻ³»Ïà Ãǵ´»³Ã½Ïà Ǹà Chiesa di San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Ç¿ÈFrancescoBorromini(1640), ÃǸ¾¤ώ½¸Ç¸ÃœÇ³¼¯³Ã»³» û¿ Ãȳ»µ»Ä»½¯¾³ Ǹà »³½Ãϼ¸Ã

ĵÈÃÇÏ, ³¼¼¯ »µ³ÇÄ»»Ï dzij»Ç¯Ä³ Ã¿È Èÿ´¸¼ώ¾µÇ³» ½¯ÃÉ Ç¸Ã ³»»¾¸Ã¯³ÃõÃȾ´È³Ã½Ï½µÇ¸´È¾³½»»¯Ç¿Èµ½φ¯¾»Ã¸70 (–»»Ï¾³ 38). –¾Ç¿ÏÇ¿»Ã ³½φ»Ã³¸Çµ¯ ǻà ¯»³½Ãǵà ´¿½¯Ã Ǹà µÃ¿Ç¯Ã Ç¿È, µ¾Ãɽ³Çώ¾¿¾Ç³Ã Ǹ¾ ĵÈÃÇÏǸdz

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70 Allen S. (2009). From Object to Field. Practice – Architecture. Technique and Representation: Revised and Expanded Edition. ž¯³ ¥ÏÄ»¸ –»´Ïõ»Ã Routledge. ISBN: 10 0415776252

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¿´¯³¸Ã³¾ Ç¿¾ Francesco Borromini ¾³ ´¸½»¿Èij¯Ãµ» ¯¾³ ³ÃÏ Ç³ û¿ ³¾ÉÃǯ ³Ä»ÃÇ¿Èij¯½³Ç³ Ç¿È Äɽ³Ë»¿ύ ½Ã³ÄÏ».» 71

–»»Ï¾³ 38: San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Francesco Borromini, 1640.

71 Antuono G. (2020). San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane. La dimensione e la forma attraverso la Regola. –»´Ïõ»Ã Kappa. ISBN: 978-88-6514-312-4

Dancing House

¤¿DancingHouse, Ç¿ÈFrankGehry(1996),ÃǸ¾£Ä¯³³Ç¸Ã¤ÃµÇ¯³Ã, ³Ã¿Çµ¼µ¯ óį´µ»³½³

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–»»Ï¾³ 39 : Dancing House, Frank Gehry, 1996.

72 Gehry F. (2015, 10 £µÃǵ½³Ä¯¿È). Frank Gehry's challenge: Create buildings that move. MPR NEWS. £È¾¯¾ÇµÈ¿¸ ³ÃÏ Ç¸¾ Stamberg S.

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74 Cogdell C. (2019). Toward a Living Architecture: Complexism and Biology in Generative Design. –»´Ïõ»Ã University Of Minnesota Press. ISBN:9781517905385

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75 Ching, F. D. K. (2017). ΑÄǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯: œ¿Äφ¯, ¨ώÄ¿Ã, •»¯Ç³¿¸ (›. “. £ÃÈÄ»´É¾¯´¸Ã, –û½., & £. £³Ã³´¿Ã¿Ï¼¿È, µÇ³φÄ.) “»¯¾³ –»´Ïõ»Ã

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77 Foreign Office Architects. (1994). AA Files 29. Foreign Office Architects: Yokohama International Port Terminal

–»»Ï¾³ 41: Yokohama International Port Terminal, Foreign Office Architects (FOA), (concept:1995), 2002.

78 Klauser W. (2002). Maritime Terminal, Yokohama. Arquitectura Viva

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¤¿ Guggenheim Museum Bilbao Ç¿È Frank Gehry, (1997), ÃÇ¿ Ã»¼½Ã¯¿ Ǹà œÃ󾯳Ã,

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79 rubber-sheet geometry:

80 Sreekanth P. S. (2012). Contemporary Architecture. Digital Architecture. The Archi Blog.

–»»Ï¾³ 43: Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Frank Gehry, 1997. 81 Louvie, et al. (1993). £¸½µ»ώõ»Ã

Ç¿È Frank Gehry Ç¿ 1988

œ¾ÃǻǿÏÇ¿ “Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯Ã žÏÇ»³Ã ›³¼»φÏľ»³. (Ã. 43). SCI-ARC

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82 Fairs M. (2010). Rolex Learning Center by SANAA. Dezeen.

83 Cortez de Labão M. (2016). SANAA Design Process –ĵȾ¸Ç»»¯ µÄ³³Ã¯³ (Tojal de Valsassina Heitor T. F., –û³¼.). School of Architecture. œ»Ã³³Ï¾³ Técnico Lisboa.

–»»Ï¾³ 45: Rolex Learning Center, SANAA, 2010.

84 Sejima K. (1996). A conversation with Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa. El Croquis 77(I). Kazuyo Sejima 1988-1996

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85 (–»»Ï¾³ 47).

85 Cogdell C. (2019). Toward a Living Architecture: Complexism and Biology in Generative Design. –»´Ïõ»Ã University Of Minnesota Press. ISBN:9781517905385

–»»Ï¾³ 47: <Waterfall=, ( ¼¼³¾´»»¯ : Waterval), M. C. Escher, 1961.

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86 Wang A. (2016). Flexibility in Structure of the Dynamic Tower and Bacterial Flagellum. Living Architecture. –ĵȾ¸Ç»»¯ µÄ³³Ã¯³. Wheaton Journal of Cell Biology Research, Issue 6, Spring 2016. Wheaton College Norton, ³Ã³Ç¿ÈïǸ.

–»»Ï¾³ 48: Dynamic Tower, David Fisher.

87 Morris R.L., Staudinger E. (2016). Living Architecture Connection. Wheaton College Library Technology and Learning Committee.

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88 Peregoy “. (2015). This Floating Hotel Looks Like a Human Spine. An Italian engineer dreams up the seaworthy MORPHotel

–»»Ï¾³ 50: MORPHhotel, Gianluca Santosuosso.

89 ¤³»¾¯³ <Cold Fever=. (1995). Fridrik Thor Fridriksson (û¸¾¿»µÃ¯³ & õ¾¯Ä»¿). –dz»Ä¯³ óij³É³¯Ã: Icelandic Film Corporation. œÃ¼³¾´¯³

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Voyager Station,Ǹû³Ç³Ã»µÈ³ÃÇ»»¯ÃµÇ³»Äµ¯³Ã Orbital Assembly Corporation,

90 Ravenscroft T. (2021). First space hotel set to open in 2027. Dezeen

–»»Ï¾³ 52: Voyager Station, Orbital Assembly Corporation.

91 Ravenscroft T. (2021). First space hotel set to open in 2027. Dezeen

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ÃϳÇÄ¿¾¸Ã û¯È¸Ã.92 –ûü¯¿¾, ÃÇ¿ µÃ¯»µ¾ÇÄ¿ Ǹà ¼¿³»»¯Ã Ǹà »µÉį³Ã Ç¿È Einstein, φ³¯¾µÇ³» ¾³ ³Ä¯Ã»µÇ³» ¸ ´È¾³ÇÏǸdz ½µÇ³ÃǸ½³Ç»Ã½¿Ï »³» Ä¿¯Ã, ¸ ¿Ã¿¯³ ½Ã¿Äµ¯ ¾³ ³Ã³¾Ç¯Ç³» ÃǸ¾ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯, ½¯ÃÉ Ç¸Ã

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92 Wigley M. (1995). The Architecture of Deconstruction: Derrida's Haunt. –»´Ïõ»Ã MIT Press. ISBN: 978-0262731140

–»»Ï¾³ 54: <Relativity=, M. C. Escher, 1953.

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õ »Ç¯Ä»³ »³» »³Ç³Ã»µÈ¯Ã, ½µ ´»³Ä»¯ ³»Ã»¸Ç»»¯ ¯¼¿¸, ¼µ»Ç¿Èij»»ÏǸdz »³» ÃȳÇÄϾÉà ÃȾ¯φµ»³ ½µ Ç¿ ïijý³ Ç¿È

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›³¼»φÏľ»³ (SCI-ARC), ¿ Frank Gehry ´»³ÇÏÃÉõ Ǹ φįø: «˜ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ Ãįõ» ¾³

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˜ ¯´»³ ¯Ã¿È¸ ÈÿÃǸį·µÇ³» ³ÃÏ Ç¿¾ ³Äǻǯ»Ç¿¾³, Rem Koolhaas, Ã¿È ³¾³φ¯Äµ» ÏÇ» «˜ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ µ¯¾³» ¯¾³ µÃ»»¯¾´È¾¿ ½µ¯³½³ ´ύ¾³½¸Ã »³» ø½³Ã¯³Ã»94 . ˜ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯ µ¯¾³» ø½³¾Ç»»Ï ¾³ ³¾Ç»½µÇÉﷵdz» Éà ½»³ »ÃÇÈį ´Ï¾³½¸, Ã¿È ´»³½¿Äφώ¾µ» Ǹ¾

93 Louvie, et al. (1993). £¸½µ»ώõ»Ã ³ÃÏ ´»¯¼µ¿¸ Ç¿È Frank Gehry Ç¿ 1988 ÃÇ¿ œ¾ÃǻǿÏÇ¿ “Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯Ã žÏÇ»³Ã ›³¼»φÏľ»³. (Ã. 43). SCI-ARC

94 Koolhaas R. (1978). Delirious New York. ”³¼¼¯³. –»´Ïõ»Ã Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-1885254009

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97 Cogdell C. (2019). Toward a Living Architecture: Complexism and Biology in Generative Design. –»´Ïõ»Ã University Of Minnesota Press. ISBN:9781517905385

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“»³¼¯³, õĻ¿´»»¯ »³» ´»´³»Ç¿Ä»»¯

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6.4 –»»¿¾¿³Ä³φ¯³

£¸³¯Ãµ»»Ï¾É¾, φÉÇ¿³Ä³φ»ώ¾ »³» ´»³³Ä³½½¯Çɾ

–¿ώφȼ¼¿: •¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸

–»»Ï¾³ 1: £Ä¿Ç¿½¯ Albert Einstein, 3D milling ³¾Ç»»µ¯½µ¾¿. •¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

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»µÉĸǻ»¿ύ »³» ³Äǻǯ»Ç¿¾³, Stan Allen. Α¾Ç»ÃÄ¿ÃÉõύ¿È¾ ´»³φ¿ÄµÇ»»¯Ã

Ãǵ´»³Ã½Ï,

–ûÇįÿȾ Ǹ ´¸½»¿Èij¯³

´È¾³½»»ώ¾ »³» ÃĿóĽ¿ÃÇ»»ώ¾ ´¿½ώ¾.

£¸³¯:

Allen S. (2009). From Object to Field. Practice – Architecture. Technique and Representation: Revised and Expanded Edition. ž¯³ ¥ÏÄ»¸. –»´Ïõ»Ã Routledge. ISBN: 10 0415776252.

–»»Ï¾³ 3: ‹¾³ ´»Ã´»¯Ãdzǿ Ãύ½Ã³¾ Ã¿È ÃµÄ»³¯¼¼µÇ³» ³ÃÏ ´»Ã´»¯Ãdzdz

Ͼdz. ¤³ Ͼdz ´µ¾ ½Ã¿Ä¿ύ¾ ¾³ ´¿È¾ ¯¿É ³ÃÏ Ç¸¾ µÃ»φ¯¾µ»³, ³¼¼¯ ½Ã¿Ä¿ύ¾

¾³ µ¿µÄµÈ¾¯Ã¿È¾ Ǹ¾ ³µÉ½µÇį³ Ç¿È ´»Ã´»¯ÃÇ³Ç¿È Ãύ½Ã³¾Ç¿Ã Ç¿ÈÃ, »¯¾¿¾Ç³Ã µÈ»µ¯µÃ ³Ä³½½¯Ã, Çį³É¾³ »³» »ύ»¼¿ÈÃ.

£¸³¯:

Kip Thorne S. (1994). Black holes & time warps. Einstein’s outrageous legacy. ž¯³ ¥ÏÄ»¸. –»´Ïõ»Ã W.W. Norton. ISBN: 978-0-393-31276-8.

–»»Ï¾³ 4: §³¾Ç³ÃÇ»»¯ ³¾³Ã³Ä¯Ãdzø. ˜ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯, ¯¾³Ã ´»µÃ»ÃǸ½¿¾»»Ïà »¼¯´¿Ã. £È¾µÄ³³Ã¯³ µÃ»ÃǸ½Ï¾É¾.

£¸³¯:

Kip Thorne S. (1994). Black holes & time warps. Einstein’s outrageous legacy. ž¯³ ¥ÏÄ»¸. –»´Ïõ»Ã W.W. Norton. ISBN: 978-0-393-31276 8.

µ µÃµ¿µÄ³³Ã¯³ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

6

–»»Ï¾³ 5: <Rooms by the Sea=, Edward Hopper, 1951. ˜ ´ύ¾³½¸ ǸÃ

³¼¼¸¼µÃ¯´Ä³Ã¸Ã Ç¿È φÉÇÏà »³» Ǹà û»¯Ã §ÉÇ¿³Ä³φ¯³ Çij³¸³½¯¾¸ Ç¿¾

¿¯½³Ä»¿ Ç¿È 2023, ÃǸ¾ ¯»»µÃ¸ Ç¿È Yale University Art Gallery.

¤Ä³³¯ÇǸ»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³. 17 ž¿µ½³Ä¯¿È 2023.

–»»Ï¾³ 6: Edward Hopper, 1882-1967, û¯Çÿ. •¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

–»»Ï¾³ 7: «œÏÄφɽ³»-«³ÃÏÃdz³½³» Ǹà »´¯³Ã. £»¯Çÿ Ç¿È •.Α §³Ç¿ύÄ¿È. “¾³»Ç¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ:

https://www.archetype.gr/blog/arthro/dimitris-fatouros-iki-axiologisis-kaiiki-architektonikis

–»»Ï¾³ 8: §³¾Ç³ÃÇ»»¯ ³¾³Ã³Ä¯Ãdzø. Ι´»³¯ÇµÄ¿Ã ´µÃ½Ïà ½µÇ³¿ύ ¿»»¿´¿½¸½¯¾É¾ ÇώÄɾ »³» Ç¿È ÇÏÃ¿È Ç¸Ã

. •¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³

–»»Ï¾³ 9: August Ferdinand Möbius, 1790-1868.

“¾³»Ç¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ:

https://math.uoi.gr/images/pdf/mathclub/Leshi_16052019.pdf

–»»Ï¾³ 10 : ›Éį´³ Möbius, 3D printed ³¾Ç»»µ¯½µ¾¿. •¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

–»»Ï¾³ 11: Jules Henri Poincaré, 1854-1912.

“¾³»Ç¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9

µ µÃµ¿µÄ³³Ã¯³ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

–»»Ï¾³ 12: Felix Klein, 1849-1925

“¾³»Ç¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ: https://www.fau.de/2022/10/news/felix-klein-das-erlanger-programmund-die-ordnung-der-geometrischen-welt/ µ µÃµ¿µÄ³³Ã¯³ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

–»»Ï¾³ 13: œÃ¿È»¯¼» Klein, 3D printed ³¾Ç»»µ¯½µ¾¿. •¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

–»»Ï¾³ 14: Topological Manifolds. œÃ¿È»¯¼» Klein »³» ›Éį´³ Möbius, 3D printed ³¾Ç»»µ¯½µ¾³.

•¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

£Χ˜¤ΙΚΟ¤Η¤Α

–»»Ï¾³ 15: Modulor.

“¾³»Ç¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ: https://sevvalcuhadar.wordpress.com/2020/02/28/le-corbusiers-modulor/

–»»Ï¾³ 16: Le Corbusier »³» Albert Einstein, Princeton, 1946. £¸³¯: Cohen J. L., Benton T. (2019). Le Corbusier Le Grand. –»´Ïõ»Ã Phaidon Press.

–»»Ï¾³ 17: £¿¼Èü¿»ÏǸdz µÄ³³¼µ¯É¾ ÃÄ¿³Ä³½½¯Çɾ. •¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³ ½µ ÃÄϳij½½³ AI.

–»»Ï¾³ 18: ¤³ ½³»¸½³Ç»»¯ ½¯Ã³ ÃÇ¿¾ ÇÄϾ¿.

“¾³»Ç¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10649-006-9075-8

–»»Ï¾³ 19: §³¾Ç³ÃÇ»»¯ ³¾³Ã³Ä¯Ãdzø Çɾ ´ύ¿ ½µÄώ¾ Ǹà »µÉį³Ã ǸÃ

Ãǵǻ»ÏǸdzÃ. •¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³ ½µ ÃÄϳij½½³ AI.

–»»Ï¾³ 20: £Ç¸½³Ç¿Ã¿»ώ¾Ç³Ã ³φ³»ÄµÇ»»¯ Ç¿¾ ÇώÄ¿ õ ´ύ¿ ´»³Ãǯõ»Ã (µÃ¯Ãµ´¿ ü¯³½³), ¿ ÇÉÄ¿ÇÄϾ¿Ã ½Ã¿Äµ¯ ¾³ ³Ã¿´¿»µ¯ ½µ Çĵ»Ã. ˜ ³³ÄύǸdz, Ã¿È µ»φį·µÇ³» Éà ¸ »³½Ãύ¼Éø Ç¿È ÇÉÄ¿ÇÄϾ¿È, ÃǸ½³Ç¿Ã¿»µ¯Ç³» ÉÃ

óij½ÏÄφÉø Ç¿È ÇÉÄ»»¿ύ ü¯³½³Ç¿Ã.

•¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

–»»Ï¾³ 21: ¿¸Ç»»¿¯ ǵ»Ä»Ã½¿¯ ÃǸ¾ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯.

•¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

–»»Ï¾³ 22: §³¾Ç³ÃÇ»»¯ ³¾³Ã³Ä¯Ãdzø. £µÄóÇώ¾Ç³Ã ÃǸ ”¸, dz »¿Ä¯Çû³

³¾³»³¼ύÃǿȾ Ǹ¾ ǿÿ¼¿³¯³, ´¯¾¿¾Ç³Ã ¾¯¿ ¾Ï¸½³ õ »¯»µ Ãǯ½³ »³»

³Ã¿»³¼ύÃÇ¿¾Ç³Ã ¯¾³¾ ¾¯¿ ÇÄÏÿ ¾³ ³¼¯Ã¿È¾ Ç¿¾ »Ïý¿.

£¸³¯:

Kip Thorne S. (1994). Black holes & time warps. Einstein’s outrageous legacy. ž¯³ ¥ÏÄ»¸. –»´Ïõ»Ã W.W. Norton. ISBN: 978-0-393-31276 8.

µ µÃµ¿µÄ³³Ã¯³ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

–»»Ï¾³ 23: Ÿ Stephen Hawking õ ´»¯¼µ¿¸, Les Houches School of Physics, 1972.

£¸³¯:

£Χ˜¤ΙΚΟ¤Η¤Α

Kip Thorne S. (1994). Black holes & time warps. Einstein’s outrageous legacy. ž¯³ ¥ÏÄ»¸ –»´Ïõ»Ã W.W. Norton. ISBN: 978-0-393-31276-8.

–»»Ï¾³ 24: Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Spain, Frank Gehry, 1997.

“¾³»Ç¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ:

https://www.iconeye.com/architecture/bilbao-guggenheim-museumanniversary

–»»Ï¾³ 25: ˜ û¯È¸ Ç¿È Einstein.

£¸³¯:

Kip Thorne S. (1994). Black holes & time warps. Einstein’s outrageous legacy. ž¯³ ¥ÏÄ»¸. –»´Ïõ»Ã W.W. Norton. ISBN: 978-0-393-31276-8.

–»»Ï¾³ 26: ˜ û¯È¸ Ç¿È ³Äǻǯ»Ç¿¾³

£¸³¯: Kip Thorne S. (1994). Black holes & time warps. Einstein’s outrageous legacy. ž¯³ ¥ÏÄ»¸. –»´Ïõ»Ã W.W. Norton. ISBN: 978-0-393-31276-8.

µ µÃµ¿µÄ³³Ã¯³ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³

–»»Ï¾³ 27: Le Penseur (Ÿ ûµÃÇϽµ¾¿Ã), François-Auguste-René Rodin, £³Ä¯Ã», œ¿Èõ¯¿ Rodin, 1882.

“¾³»Ç¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ: https://stock.adobe.com/images/the-thinker-le-penseur-bronze-sculptureby-auguste-rodin-paris-france/201770556

–»»Ï¾³ 28: §³¾Ç³ÃÇ»»¯ ³¾³Ã³Ä¯Ãdzø Ǹà ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯Ã Éà «¯Ãµ»Ä¿

ύφ³Ã½³»

•¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³ ½µ ÃÄϳij½½³ AI.

–»»Ï¾³ 29: §³¾Ç³ÃÇ»»¯ ³¾³Ã³Ä¯Ãdzø Ǹà ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»¯Ã Éà »¼¯´¿Ã ³ÃµÄ»ÏÄ»ÃÇɾ ´È¾³Ç¿Ç¯Çɾ.

•¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³ ½µ ÃÄϳij½½³ AI.

–»»Ï¾³ 30: Ÿ »µ³Ç¯Ã »»¾µ¯Ç³» ½¯Ã³ õ ½¿¾¿Ã¯Ç»³ µ¾ώ ¿ ³µÄ³¾Ïà »»¾µ¯ dz <modules=.

“¾³»Ç¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/images/e/eb/Item_24201__322484.jpg

–»»Ï¾³ 31: •»³Ç¯¿µ»Ã »Ç»Ä¯É¾ ½µ ´È¾³ÇÏǸdz GAN.

£¸³¯: Chaillou S. (2019). AI + Architecture. Towards a New Approach. Harvard University.

–»»Ï¾³ 32: Virtual Reality.

•¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

–»»Ï¾³ 33: Augmented Reality.

•¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

–»»Ï¾³ 34: ChatGPT.

•¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

–»»Ï¾³ 35: ˜ ³¾¿´»»¯ Çįø AI µÄ³³¼µ¯É¾ ÃÇ¿¾ »³Ç³Ã»µÈ³ÃÇ»»Ï Ç¿½¯³.

³ÃÏ: https://www.e-zigurat.com/en/blog/ai-in-architecture-guide/

–»»Ï¾³ 36: §³¾Ç³ÃÇ»»¯ ³¾³Ã³Ä¯Ãdzø

–»»Ï¾³ 37: ¤¿ »¯ÃÇÄ¿, ³ÃÏ Ç¸¾ dz»¾¯³ <Howl’s Moving Castle= Ç¿È Hayao Miyazaki, 2004.

“¾³»Ç¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ:

https://www.wallpaperflare.com/farm-and-ship-painting-hayao-miyazakistudio-ghibli-anime-wallpaper-qdltn

–»»Ï¾³ 38: San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Francesco Borromini, 1640.

“¾³»Ç¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ: https://www.monnoroma.it/chiesasancarloquattrofontane.html

»³»

https://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photos/1b/2a/5e/bf/caption.jpg

–»»Ï¾³ 39 : Dancing House, Frank Gehry, 1996.

“¾³»Ç¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ:

https://media.tacdn.com/media/attractions-splice-spp674x446/0b/39/90/4f.jpg

»³»

https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2015/09/10/3360707740_9d71f5cf60_b _enl-6d0ab8a30ca2b9f46e15d733eb99f1d75929b6ba.jpg?s=1100

–»»Ï¾³ 40: <The Persistence of Memory= (Spanish: La persistencia de la memoria), Salvador Dalí, 1931. §ÉÇ¿³Ä³φ¯³ Çij³¸³½¯¾¸ Ç¿¾ ž¿¯½³Ä»¿

Ç¿È 2023, ÃǸ¾ ¯»»µÃ¸ Ç¿È MoMA Ǹà ž¯³Ã ¥ÏÄ»¸Ã. ¤Ä³³¯ÇǸ»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³. 8 ž¿µ½³Ä¯¿È 2023.

–»»Ï¾³ 41: Yokohama International Port Terminal, Foreign Office Architects (FOA), (concept:1995), 2002.

“¾³»Ç¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ:

https://www.archdaily.com/554132/ad-classics-yokohama-internationalpassenger-terminal-foreign-office-architectsfoa/542078fcc07a8086fc00000b-ad-classics-yokohama-internationalpassenger-terminal-foreign-office-architects-foa-photo?next_project=no »³»

https://www.gltjp.com/en/directory/item/11137/

–»»Ï¾³ 42: ”ij½½Éǯà Ŀ¯Ã õ µÃ¯Ãµ´¿ »¯Ç¿È¸Ã

•¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

–»»Ï¾³ 43: Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Frank Gehry, 1997

“¾³»Ç¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ:

https://www.guggenheim-bilbao.eus/en/the-building

–»»Ï¾³ 44: ”ij½½Éǯà Ŀ¯Ã »³» ¿Ä»¿³ώ¾»³ Ãȳ»Ä¿Ç¯½³Ç³ õ µÃ¯Ãµ´¿ »¯Ç¿È¸Ã

•¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

–»»Ï¾³ 45: Rolex Learning Center, SANAA, 2010

“¾³»Ç¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ:

https://www.domusweb.it/content/domusweb20/en/news/archive/2010/ 02/18/rolex-learning-center-by-sanaa lausanne/jcr:content/imagepreview.img.rmedium.jpg/1363535552480.jpg

»³»

https://arquitecturaviva.com/assets/uploads/obras/40205/av_imagen.we bp

£Χ˜¤ΙΚΟ¤Η¤Α ΚΑΙ Α£˜Ι¤˜£ —ΙΑ£¤Α£˜Ι£ ¤¿Ã¿¼¿γ»»¯Ã ÃĿ÷γγ¯Ã·»Ã ÃÇ·¾ ³ÄǻǷ»Ç¿¾»»¯

–»»Ï¾³ 46: ”ij½½Éǯà Ŀ¯Ã »³» ÃÇÄ¿³³È¼¯ Ãȳ»Ä¿Ç¯½³Ç³ õ µÃ¯Ãµ´¿ »¯Ç¿È¸Ã

•¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

–»»Ï¾³ 47: <Waterfall=, ( ¼¼³¾´»»¯ : Waterval), M. C. Escher, 1961

“½φ»Ã³¯Ç¸Ã¸ Ǹà ¼¿³»»¯Ã »³» Ǹà Ãij³½³Ç»»ÏǸdzÃ.

©µÈ´³¯Ã»¸Ã¸ ³¯¾³¸Ã »¯¾¸Ã¸Ã ¾µÄ¿Ï.

£¸³¯:

Kip Thorne S. (1994). Black holes & time warps. Einstein’s outrageous legacy. ž¯³ ¥ÏÄ»¸. –»´Ïõ»Ã W.W. Norton. ISBN: 978-0-393-31276-8.

–»»Ï¾³ 48: Dynamic Tower, David Fisher

“¾³»Ç¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ:

https://www.archilovers.com/projects/3354/dynamic-tower.html

–»»Ï¾³ 49: µ½¿¾É½¯¾¸ õĻÃÇÄ¿φ¯ ¿ÄÏφɾ

•¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

–»»Ï¾³ 50: MORPHhotel, Gianluca Santosuosso

“¾³»Ç¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ:

»ÈįÉà ¯¿¿¾³

https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/floating-morphotel-looks-likespine

–»»Ï¾³ 51: £Ã¿¾´È¼Éǯ ´¿½¯

•¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

–»»Ï¾³ 52: Voyager Station, Orbital Assembly Corporation

“¾³»Ç¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ:

https://media.architecturaldigest.com/photos/60426252993888ff3d26b15 9/16:9/w_1920,c_limit/20-1223%20Voyager%20Station.jpg »³»

https://direct.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/leocloud-partners-withorbital-assembly-to-deliver-cloud-and-edge-from-private-space-stationsthat-probably-wont-happen/

–»»Ï¾³ 53: £µÄ»ÃÇĵφϽµ¾¿Ã ÇÄ¿ÇÏà •¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³.

–»»Ï¾³ 54: <Relativity=, M. C. Escher, 1953. ‹¾³Ã »Ïý¿Ã ÃÇ¿¾ ¿Ã¿¯¿ ´µ¾ »ÃÇϿȾ ¿» »³¾¿¾»»¿¯ ¾Ï½¿» Ǹà ³³ÄÏǸdzÃ. ¤¿ ³Äǻǵ»Ç¿¾»»Ï ¿»»¿´Ï½¸½³

Éà »¯¾ÇÄ¿ ½¯³Ã µ»´È¼¼»³»¯Ã »¿»¾ÏǸdzà ½µ Çĵ»Ã ø³¯Ã ³³ÄÏǸdzÃ.

“¾³»Ç¯»¸»µ ³ÃÏ:

https://moa.byu.edu/m-c-eschers-relativity/

–»»Ï¾µÃ ‹¾»µÇ¿È: •¸½»¿Èij¯»¸»³¾ ³ÃÏ Ç¸ Ãȳ³Ä³φ¯³. ¥¼¿Ã¿»¯»¸»³¾ »³Ç¯ Ǹ¾ ´»µ¿³³É³¯ Ç¿È ½³»¯½³Ç¿Ã «¤¯Ç¾¸ »³» Ãϼ¸.

ΑÿdzÄÇ¿³Ä³φ¯Ãµ»Ã» Ç¿È Ç½¯½³Ç¿Ã ³Äǻǵ»ÇϾɾ ½¸Ç³¾»»ώ¾ ǸÃ

£¿¼ÈǵǾ»»¯Ã ÃÇ¿¼¯Ã “£›, ½µ »³»¸³¯ÇÄ»³ Ǹ¾ µ»»³ÃÇ»»Ï ›³¼³Ä¯ ž.