2ο
DEMOCRITUS UNIVERSITY OF THRACE
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING
TITLE
Spatial design as a means of creating experience and meaning in places of memory
RESEARCH THESIS
Student: Katsiki Despoina (602208)
COMMITTEE OF EXAMINERS
Supervisor: Giouzepas Dimitrios, Assistant Professor
Member 2: Mixailidis Antonis, Professor
Member 3: Kozokos Panagiotis, Associate Professor
Xanthi, 2026
Abstract
Architectural space is composed of quantitative and qualitative characteristics. The former are fixed and measurable, encompassing the material constituents of space, whereas the latter are variable and immeasurable, involving immaterial aspects as well as the subject’s consciousness. Architecture is completed through human presence and acquires its ultimate meaning, its purpose extends beyond functionality and is centered on dwelling and the formation of place. The full experience of architecture requires the active engagement of all the senses, as they interact and complement one another in the perception and comprehension of space. This thesis is grounded in phenomenological theories of space, which place emphasis on the body, movement, and temporality as fundamental components of lived experience. Following the establishment of the theoretical framework, the study proceeds to the analysis of post-war case studies associated with collective memory, with primary emphasis on the attribution of meaning through personal experience and interaction with the work.
Keywords: space, memory, body, experience, lived experience
1.1
1.3
1.4
2.1
2.2
4.2
4.2.
Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe
Sinti and Roma
Negative Form Monument
Vietnam Veterans Memorial
The Three Servicemen
The missing image
4.3
4.4
4.6
1 Norberg-Schulz C., (1971), σ.9
2 Saeid Soltani, Nazan Kirci, (2019), σ.1
Merleau-Ponty
Descartes
Merleau-Ponty
3 Στεφανίδου Μ. - Ε., (2017), σ.22
4 Simonsson Μ., (2014), σ.19,20
5 Arnheim R., (2007), σ.20
6 Pallasmaa J., (2011), σ.119
7 Σταυρίδης Σ. (1990), σ.70
8 Pallasmaa J., (2021), σ.335
9 Στεφανίδου Μ - Ε., (2017), σ.22
10 Στο ίδιο, σ.42
11 Rasmussen S -E., (1964), σ.33
12 Pallasmaa J., (2011), σ.150
13 Pallasmaa J., (2022), σ.30
14 Θούα Χ , (2011), σ 7
15
Α., (2022), σ.20
16
17
18
19
20
21 Χατζηαγόρου Ν., (2014)
22
23
24
25
26 Μπεγλερίδου Ε.,
27 Pallasmaa J., (2022), σ.77
Α., (2020), σ.20
28 Rasmussen S -E , (1964), σ.224
29 Βερροιοπούλου Κ.,(2022-23), σ.19
30 Θούα Χ.,(2011), σ.22,23
(Fallen leaves), Menashe Kadishman
Menashe Kadishman.
31
32
33
34
35
36 https://curatednow.ca/menashe-kadishman-shalechet-fallen-leaves-1997-2001/
37 Καλαμπούκα Α., Χατζάκη Π. (2024), σ.14
38 Παπακωνσταντίνου Γ., (2018)
39 Παξινού Ε. (2017), σ.40 και σ.73
40 Βερροιοπούλου Κ., (2022-23), σ.19
41 Σημαντήρη Μ., Σταθιά Γ., (2016), σ.37
42 Βασιλάκη Μ., (2020)
43 Σημαντήρη Μ , Σταθιά Γ., (2016), σ.35,36
Hildebrand
das Problem der Form in der Bildenden Kunst (1945),
44 Pallasmaa J., (2021), σ.329
45 Τεχνίτης Τ.-Μ., (2019), σ.8
46 Στο ίδιο, σ.23
47 Παξινού Ε., (2017), σ.47
48 Λαδά Σ., Τσουκαλά Κ., (2017), σ.194
49 Καραμπεκήρ Α.,(2022), σ.22
50 Baudrillard J., Nouvel J., (2005), σ.21
51 Pallasmaa J., (2021), σ 62
52 Ζουραϊκάτ Κ -Σ , (2019), σ.29
53
54 Στεφανίδου Μ.- Ε., (2017), σ.26-28
55 Pallasmaa J., (2022), σ.84
56 Ζουραϊκάτ Κ -Σ., (2019), σ.22
Merleau-Ponty
57
58
59
60 Arnheim
61 Βασιλάκη Μ., (2020)
62 Baudrillard J., Nouvel J., (2005), σ.21
63 Στο ίδιο, σ.46
64 Μωυσίδου Ε., (2022), σ.49
65 Στο ίδιο, σ.50
66 Pallasmaa J., (2022), σ.98
67 Θούα Χ , (2011), σ 9
O S Giedion
68
69
70
Εικόνα 3 Interior of the Pantheon, Giovanni Paolo Panini
Giedion,
71 Merleau-Ponty M., (2002), σ 379
72 Simonsson Μ., (2014), σ 21,22
73 Pallasmaa J., (2022), σ.99
74 Pallasmaa J., (2021), σ.333
75 Τεχνίτης Τ.-Μ., (2019), σ.19
76 Όρος που εισήγαγε ο E. Minkowski
77 Ζουραϊκάτ Κ.-Σ., (2019), σ.20
78 Φράγκα Α., (2023), σ.72
79 Σταυρίδης Σ., (1990), σ.71
80 Kleine H., (2017), σ.95
Jean-Paul Sartre
81 Douglas A., (2018), σ.10
82 Pallasmaa J., (2022), σ 150
83 Kleine H., (2017), σ 96
84 Pallasmaa J., (2022), σ 37-39
85 Lefebvre H., (2004), σ xi
86
87 Pallasmaa J., (2021), σ.172
88 Κόχυλα Δ , (2018-19), σ.13
89 Στο ίδιο, σ.22
90
Henry David Thoreau
91
92
93
94
Εικόνα 4 Guggenheim Museum, Frank Lloyd Wright,
95 Λαδά
Κ., (2017), σ.198
96 https://www.archisearch.gr/books/the-drama-of-space-holger-kleines-new-book/
97 Παπανίκου Ε., (2022), σ.23
98 Ιωαννίδου Ε., (2021), σ.15
Εικόνα 5 Villa La Roche, (1925), Le Corbusier
Εικόνα 6 Villa Savoye, (1929), Le Corbusier
102
104
106 Σίσκα Κ., (2015), σ.57
107 Σκίλλο Θ., (2023), σ.30
108 Σταυρίδης Σ., (2006), σ.16
109 Χατζησάββα Δ., (2009), σ.81
110
Ε., (2022), σ.27
113
116 Alderman D.-H., Dwyer O.-J., (2009), σ.51
117 Rai Y -P., (2011), σ.11
118
121
122
123
124
125 Στο ίδιο, σ.203
126 Γρηγοριάδη Η -Γ., (2022), σ.23
127
128 Αναγνωστόπουλος Α., Παπαδημητρίου Ν. (επιμ.), (2017), σ.43
129 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1750698019876002
130 https://en wikipedia org/wiki/Anti-monumentalism
Mechtild Widrich.
131 Αλεξάκη Ε., σ.174
132
Κ., (2015), σ.87
133 Σταυρίδης Σ , (1990), σ.116
134 Fazakerley R., Franck K.-A., Stevens Q., (2018), σ 722
135 Στο ίδιο, σ.723
136 Rai Y -P., (2011), σ.11-13
Εικόνα 8 The City within the City - Berlin as a Green Archipelago,(1977)
Stolpersteine
-Friedlaender
Demnig.
Εικόνα 9 Stolpersteine (Stumbling stones), Gunter Demnig
Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe
Εικόνα 10 Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, (2005), Peter Eisenman
138 https://en wikipedia org/wiki/Stolperstein
139 Fazakerley R., Franck K.-A., Stevens Q., (2018), σ.727
Sinti and Roma Holocaust Memorial
Eisenman.
140
141
142
143
144
Εικόνα 11 Sinti and Roma Holocaust Memorial, (2012), Dani Karavan
Negative Form Monument
Hoheisel
Kassel
Aschrott (Aschrott Fountain),
Sigmund Aschrott
Roth
145 Young J.-E., https://www.harvarddesignmagazine.org/articles/memory-and-counter-memory/
146
147 Fazakerley R., Franck K.-A., Stevens Q., (2018), σ.721
Εικόνα 12 Aschrott Fountain
148 Young J.-E., https://www.harvarddesignmagazine.org/articles/memory-and-counter-memory/
Εικόνα 14 "Negative Form" Monument, (1987), Horst Hoheisel, Kassel Το
Vietnam Veterans Memorial
149 Maya Lin: A Strong Clear Vision (1994)
Εικόνα 15 Vietnam Veterans Memorial, (1982), Maya Lin
Εικόνα 16 Vietnam Veterans Memorial, (1982), Maya Lin
The Three Servicemen
Frederick
The Three Servicemen (1984)
Εικόνα 17 The Three Servicemen, Frederick Hart, (1984)
The missing image
Το The missing image της Ruth Beckermann (2015) στη
Alfred Hrdlicka
(1988).
(1988), Alfred Hrdlicka
150 Krzyżanowska Ν , σ.118
Εικόνα 19 “The missing image” , (2015), Ruth Beckermann
4.3
151 Aguiar D., (2018), σ.2
152 Pallasmaa J., (2021), σ.88
153 Arnheim R , (2007), σ.130
154 Σταυρίδης Σ., (2006), σ.217
155
156 Ηλιάκης Μ , (2011), σ 43
157 Περράκης Γ.
Ν., (2016), σ.74
158 Young J -E., https://www harvarddesignmagazine org/articles/memory-and-counter-memory/
Εικόνα
Installation
(1933), Bebelplatz
159
The Empty Library” , (1995), Micha Ullman, Bebelplatz, Βερολίνο
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
Ernst Jentsch
168 Λύκκα Ν., (2018), σ.21
169 Κοκκίνου-Γεωργοπούλου Μ., σ.21
170 Λύκκα Ν., (2018), σ.97
171 Στο ίδιο, σ.15
172 Στο ίδιο, σ.21
173 Norberg-Schulz C., (2009), σ.25
174 Σταυρίδης Σ., (2006), σ.48,49
On the psychology of the Uncanny (1906)
Vidler στο
Heidegger
House of Others (2016), ο Rusudan Glurjidze
175 Vidler Α., (1992), σ 11,12
176 https://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/house-of-others-review-1201808666/
177 Norberg-Schulz C., (2009), σ.22,23
178 Κουβελά Α -Σ., (2017), σ.26
179
Εικόνα 23 Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, (2005), Peter Eisenman
D. Libeskind
(2001), Daniel Libeskind 180 Jentsch Ε.
Βιβλιογραφία
Ελληνική
Arnheim R., (2007), Οπτική σκέψη, μτφ. Ι. Ποταμιανός, Γ. Βρυώνη, University Studio Press, Θεσσαλονίκη
Αναγνωστόπουλος Α., Παπαδημητρίου Ν. (επιμ.), (2017), Το παρελθόν στο παρόν.
Μνήμη, ιστορία και αρχαιότητα στη σύγχρονη Ελλάδα, Καστανιώτη, Αθήνα
Baudrillard J., Nouvel J., (2005), Τα μοναδικά αντικείμενα, μτφ. Ηλιάδης Ν, Futura, Αθήνα
Λαδά Σ., Τσουκαλά Κ., (2017), Χωρικές
(2008),
Heidegger στον Koolhaas, Πλέθρον, Αθήνα
Norberg-Schulz C , (2009), Το Πνεύμα
Pallasmaa J., (2021),
Pallasmaa J., (2022),
Σταυρίδης Σ. (επιμ.), (2006), Μνήμη
Σταυρίδης Σ., (1990), Η
Ξένη
Jentsch E.-A., (1906), On the Psychology of the Uncanny, μτφ. Sellars R.
Kleine Η., (2017), The Drama of Space, μτφ. Reisenberger J., Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel
Merleau-Ponty M , (2002), Phenomenology of Perception, [Phénomènologie de la perception (1945)], μτφ Smith C., Routledge, London & New York
Norberg-Schulz C., (1971), Existence, Space and Architecture, Studio Vista, London
Lefebvre Η., (2004), Rhythmanalysis: Space, Time and Everyday Life, Continuum, μτφ. Elden S., Moore G., London & New York
Rasmussen S.-E., (1964), Experiencing Architecture, The ΜΙΤ Press, USA
Simonsson Μ., (2014), Displaying Spaces: Spatial Design, Experience, and Authenticity in Museums, Department of Culture and Media Studies, Umeå
Vidler Α., (1992), The Architectural Uncanny. Essays in the Modern Unhomely, The MIT Press, London
Ερευνητικές
Αναστασιάδη Α., (2022),
Βασιλάκη Μ., (2020),
Βρανάκη
Χ., (2011), Ξανασυζητώντας
Καλαμπούκα
Καραμπεκήρ Α., (2022), Φορμαλισμός
Κουβελά Α.-Σ., (2017), Κατοικώντας
Λύκκα Ν., (2018), Το ανοίκειο, ένα εργαλείο
Μπεγλερίδου Ε., Παππάς
Παπαβασίλης
(2018),
Παπακωνσταντίνου Α., (2015),
Παπανίκου
Rai Y.-P., (2011), A report on memorial architecture
Μεταπτυχιακές
Γρηγοριάδη Η -Γ., (2022),
Ε., (2021), Atados //
Μωυσίδου Ε., (2022),
, (2016),
, (2017),
Krzysztof Wodiczko
ΚΙ.ΝΕ.Τ.Ε.», Πανεπιστήμιο
Αθήνα, 171-195
Aguiar D., (2018), Space, Body and Movement, UFRGS, Brazil
Alderman D.-H., Dwyer O.-J., (2009), Memorials and Monuments, International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 51-58
., (2011),
40-50
Kirci N., Soltani S., (2019), Phenomenology and Space in Architecture: Experience, Sensation and Meaning, International Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology, Gazi University Faculty of Architecture, Ankara, 1-6
Krzyżanowska N., (2017), (Counter)Monuments and (Anti)Memory in the City. An Aesthetic and Socio-Theoretical Approach, The Polish Journal of Aesthetics, 109-128
Fazakerley R., Franck K.-A., Stevens Q., (2018), Counter-monuments: the Antimonumental and the Dialogic, The Journal of Architecture, 718739
(2014),
Ντοκιμαντέρ
Maya Lin: A Strong Clear Vision, (1994)
Ιστοσελίδες
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-monumentalism
https://curatednow.ca/menashe-kadishman-shalechet-fallen-leaves-1997-2001/
https://www.jmberlin.de/en/libeskind-building
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1750698019876002
https://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/house-of-others-review-1201808666/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolperstein
https://www.harvarddesignmagazine.org/articles/memory-and-counter-memory/ Πηγές
1 https://www.jmberlin.de/en/libeskind-building
2 https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ηραίον_της_Ποσειδωνίας
3 https://www.nga.gov/artworks/165-interior-pantheon-rome
4 https://www.modernehotelnyc.com/things-to-do/the-guggenheim-museum
5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_La_Roche
6 https://malvarezarquitectos.com/index.php/2020/08/10/el-promenade-lecobusiano/
7 Αριστερά https://visitkomotini com/el/sight/central-heroon-spathi
Δεξιά https://dimoskarditsas.gov.gr/building/mnimeio-ethnikis-antistasis/
8 https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Die_Stadt_in_der_Stadt,_Riemann_1977.1.jpg
9 https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g187305-d3965856-ReviewsStolpersteine-Erlangen_Middle_Franconia_Franconia_Bavaria.html
10
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Memorial_to_the_Murdered_Jews_of_Euro pe_aka_the_Holocaust_Memorial_in_Berlin.JPG
11 https://www facinghistory org/resource-library/memorial-roma-sinti-victimsnational-socialism
12 https://www.absolutearts.com/artsnews/2011/03/23/artspublish/2348911621.html
13 https://www.harvarddesignmagazine.org/articles/memory-and-counter-memory/
14 https://hrantdink org/en/component/content/article?id=429:places-of-memorymemory-of-places-panel
15 https://www.mayalinstudio.com/memory-works/vietnam-veterans-memorial
16 https://www.archdaily.com/774717/spotlight-maya-lin
17 https://vvmf wordpress com/2019/11/01/10-things-you-should-know-about-thethree-servicemen-statue/
18 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial against war and fascism
19 https://www.ruthbeckermann.com/en/projects/projectlist/the-missing-image/
20 https://www dailyartmagazine com/micha-ullmans-empty-library/
21 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The Empty Library
22 https://goldenglobes.com/articles/house-of-others-georgia/
23 https://eisenmanarchitects.com/Berlin-Memorial-to-the-Murdered-Jews-of-Europe2005
24 https://www.jmberlin.de/en/libeskind-building