Πολιτιστικά Κέντρα by GRADreview

(Charles Jencks)

5.3.7.3.3

5.3.7.3.7

Εικόνα 1. Πολιτιστικό Κέντρο Heydar Aliyev, Αζερμπαϊτζάν (Πηγή: archello). ...........................................17

Εικόνα 2. Το Πολιτιστικό Κέντρο Moon Hoon, Κορέα (Πηγή: archdaily). ..................................................18

Εικόνα 3. MÉCA: A New Cultural Centre από BIG & FREAKS Architects, Γαλλία (Πηγή: Divisare)......................19

Εικόνα 4. Το Κέντρο Τέχνης “The Belfast Barge”, Belfast, Northern Ireland, 2015 (Πηγή: Wikimedia). .............21

Εικόνα 5. Plaza Area of Ningbo Yinzhou Southern CBD Portal, (φωτογραφία AmphibianArc)..........................26

Εικόνα 6. Κέντρο Πολιτισμού Ίδρυμα Σταύρος Νιάρχος, (φωτογραφία YerolymbosSNFCC).............................27

Εικόνα 7.

του υπόστεγου, (φωτογραφία Timothy Schenck). ..............................................28 Εικόνα 8.Ζυθοποιία Sanyang, (φωτογραφία Studio Heech).

10. Mi Casita

DeBruce

15.

Zinder,

Playroom Image,

Lesley Unruh).

Steve Hall).

E. Ziller,

Εικόνα 16. Σπίτι Πολιτισμού, Maxhütte, Unterwellenborn, Λ.Δ.Γ., 1952-55 (φωτογραφία Uwe Klimpke). ..........53

Εικόνα 17. Πρότυπο

Kulturhaus, 1953 (Hellmuth Thunert & Herbert Reichert,«Ενδεικτική

4 [1953]).

Εικόνα 18. Kulturhaus of Maxhütte, Unterwellenborn, Λ.Δ.Γ., 1952-55, Κάτοψη-Όψη. ................................55

Εικόνα 19. Kulturhaus Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Γερμανία, 2020 (φωτογραφία Wikimedia)...............................56

Εικόνα 20. Walter Gropius, Total Theatre για τον Erwin Piscator, Βερολίνο, 1927 (σχέδιο

Τέχνης/Busch-Reisinger Μουσείο, Δώρο του Ise Gropius). ...........................................59

Εικόνα 21. Ο Leopold Wiel με το Institute for Cultural Buildings, Kulturpalast, Dresden, 1967-69 (φωτογραφία Mahlum, 2006). ...................................................................................................61

Εικόνα 22. Leopold Wiel, Kulturpalast, Δρέσδη, 1967–69, Διαμήκης Τομή, (φωτογραφία archdaily).................62

Εικόνα 23. Leopold Wiel, Kulturpalast, Δρέσδη, 1967–69, Κάτοψη, (φωτογραφία archdaily). ........................63

Εικόνα 24. Leopold Wiel, Institut für Kulturbauten, Δρέσδη, Διάγραμμα

Scena,

(Klaus Wever,

7 [1970], 2)...........................................64

Εικόνα 25. Dresden-Altstadt Kulturpalast Weg der roten Fahne, Gerhard Bondzin (φωτογραφία 1969, Jörg

Blobelt)..............................................................................................................................65

Εικόνα 26. Rudolf Weißer, Stadthalle, Chemnitz, Λ.Δ.Γ,

το 1974 (φωτογραφία

Reinhard Höll, 2006). 67 Εικόνα 27. Rudolf Weißer, Stadthalle, Chemnitz (τότε Karl- Marx-Stadt): 1 φουαγιέ; 2, μεγάλη

17, φουαγιέ; 24, θερμοκήπιο; 26, μπρασερί; 27, εστιατόριο

30 & 31, εστιατόρια

(Architecture of the GDR,

αρ. 4 [1975]). ......................................................................................................................68

Εικόνα 28. Freizeitforum, Berlin Marzahn-Hellersdorf, 2003, (φωτογραφία Rolf Heider). .............................70

Εικόνα 29.Maison de la Culture de Bourges, 1962, (φωτογραφία 2013, Pierre-Dominique Lepais). ..................73

Εικόνα 30. Maison de la Culture de Bourges, 1962 (Πηγή: Gilblog). .......................................................75

Εικόνα 31. Maison du peuple de Clichy, Jean Prouvé, Κύρια Όψη, 2008 (φωτογραφία Patrick Charpiat). ..........76

Εικόνα 32. Maison du peuple de Clichy, Διαμήκης Τομή, La Technique des travaux, n°4, octobre 1939.............77

Εικόνα 33. Maison du peuple de Clichy, Κάτοψη, Dans « La maison du Peuple à Clichy », L’Ossature métallique, n°6, juin 1939. .....................................................................................................................78

Εικόνα 34. Maison de la Culture, Amiens, Pierre Sonrel, Κύρια Όψη, (φωτογραφία 1965, David Liadet)............80

Εικόνα 35.Maison de la Culture, Amiens, Pierre Sonrel, Κύρια Όψη, (φωτογραφία 2019, Άγνωστος)................81

Εικόνα 36. Maison pur Tous, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Pierre Venencie, 1975 (Έρευνα & Αρχιτεκτονική 35 [1978])...............................................................................................................................83

Εικόνα 37. Maison pur Tous, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Pierre Venencie, Κάτοψη- Τομή, 1975 (Έρευνα & Αρχιτεκτονική 35 [1978]). ........................................................................................................85

Εικόνα 38. Pierre Venencie, Maison pour Tous, Saint-Quentin-en Yvelines, Γαλλία,

(“Maison pour Tous d'Elancourt,”, Techniques et Architecture, αρ. 310 [Αύγ./Σ επτ. 1976], 76-77). ..........................................................................................86

Εικόνα 39. Pierre Venencie, Maison pour Tous, Saint-Quentin-en Yvelines, Γαλλία, 1975, (φωτογραφία J.-B. Schwebig, 1977)............................................................................................88

Εικόνα 40. Pierre Venencie, Maison pour Tous, Saint-Quentin-en Yvelines, Γαλλία, 1975, περίπτερα

(«Οι 7 Μητέρες Elancourt-Maurepas», (φωτογραφία CREATED Architecture 45 [Δ εκ. 1976]). ........................89

Εικόνα 41. Το Μουσείο Guggenheim Museum, New York, 2020 (φωτογραφία R. Bianchini). ..........................94

Εικόνα 42.

43.

44.

45.

Pompidou

Amelie-Dupont).

Yale University Press).

Renzo Piano, Richard Rogers, Gianfranco Franchini και Ove Arup & Partner (φωτογραφία Yale University Press).......

47.

Renzo

Tussa Lusen).

AΒSTRACT

Cultural and creative "industries", such as, cultural centers, produce and promote goods of culture and creation and constitute, in recent years, one of the most dynamic areas of architectural research and design, which promote cultural and economic development, across the world.

Cultural institutions, whether, they are museums, or other kind of institutions of artistic creation, such as cultural centers, play an important role, in shaping the identity of cities, in promoting attractiveness and competitiveness and ultimately, in improving, the lives of citizens and the image, of the city.

The following dissertation, concerns such issues, thus, the architectural creation and development of cultural centers in Europe and more specifically, in Greece. It’s structure, includes two parts, consisting, of six chapters. The first part, includes, the first three chapters and the second part the remaining chapters of the dissertation.

In the first chapter, an attempt is being made, in order to clarify, the terms of civilization and culture and the historical context, of the transition from museums to cultural centers.

In the second chapter, the institution of cultural centers, the philosophy and the content of their building design, are analised, together with the basic principles, of their strategic design.

In the third chapter, the legal framework that governs their existence, is being presented in

brief, together, with the institutional bodies that consist, the European and the Greek cultural policy, through the Ministry of Culture.

In the fourth chapter, the architecture of cultural centers in post-war Europe, from 1950 to approximately 1980, is being presented. Information, of their history and an analysis of the external and internal factors, that govern their operation, are therefore, being listed.

In the fifth chapter, the architecture of cultural centers in Greece, is presented, during, the last 20 years, from 1980, until, today. For this purpose, seven typical cultural centers, were selected as case studies. Again, elements of their history, their architectural design and their function are being listed, which will contribute, for the making of useful conclusions.

Finally, the sixth and last chapter of the dissertation, contains the most important conclusions of the research and gives space to the author, in order, to demonstrate, some personal critic. The thesis, finishes with a list of conclusions, bibliography and lists of online data and image resources.

Keywords: Culture, Museums, Architecture, Ministry of Culture, European Cultural Centers, Greek Cultural Centers, Post-war Europe, Athens Concert Hall, Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, Benaki Museum, Onassis Foundation, Hellenic Cosmos.

(Denys 2001).

Το “Golden Jubilee Museum of Agriculture” από Plan Architect, Thanyaburi, Ταϊλάνδη, Popular Choice, 2021 A+Awards1

1 Πηγή: Baldwin E., “Global Icons: Discover the World’s Best New Cultural Centers”, https://architizer.com/blog/inspiration/collections/worlds-best-new-cultural-centers/, Architizer, Accessed 21 August 2022

“Dysis Church of Poly Shallow Sea” από Shanghai United Design Group, Sanya, Κίνα, Popular Choice, 2021 A+Awards2

2 Πηγή: Baldwin E., “Global Icons: Discover the World’s Best New Cultural Centers”, https://architizer.com/blog/inspiration/collections/worlds-best-new-cultural-centers/, Architizer, Accessed 21 August 2022

(Stenlund 2010). Εικόνα 3. MÉCA: A New Cultural Centre από BIG & FREAKS Architects,

: Divisare).

(Ruuuvirta 2015)

The Belfast Barge” , Belfast, Northern Ireland, 2015 (

Το University of Kansas DeBruce Center,

“Yabuli Entrepreneurs' Congress Center” από MAD Architects, Shangzhi, Harbin, Κίνα, Popular Choice, 2021 A+Awards3

3 Πηγή: Baldwin E., “Global Icons: Discover the World’s Best New Cultural Centers”, https://architizer.com/blog/inspiration/collections/worlds-best-new-cultural-centers/, Architizer, Accessed 21 August 2022

2003).

(Girard 1983).

(1914),

(1937),

(1944),

2003, ΠΔ 104/28-08-2014, ΠΔ 4/22-01-2018).

5Πηγή: Baldwin E., “Global Icons: Discover the World’s Best New Cultural Centers”, https://architizer.com/blog/inspiration/collections/worlds-best-new-cultural-centers/, Architizer, Accessed 21 August 2022

Kulturpaläste.

Δύσης (Cupers 2015, 473).

16.

Maxhütte, Unterwellenborn,

1952-55 (φωτογραφία Uwe Klimpke).

Kulturhaus,

[1953]).

Kulturhaus of Maxhütte στο Unterwellenborn,

Hanns Hopp, Josef

Kaiser και Thomas Reimer (Εικ. 17,18).

18. Kulturhaus of Maxhütte, Unterwellenborn,

1952-55,

19. Kulturhaus R

Kulturhaus

Rüdersdorf,

kultureller Einrichtungen (Γραφείο

Institut für Kulturbauten

(Cupers 2015, 474).

Kulturbau

Kulturpalast,

Εικόνα 21. Ο Leopold Wiel με το Institute for Cultural Buildings, Kulturpalast, Dresden, 1967-69 (φωτογραφία Mahlum, 2006).

Kulturpalast,

Stadthalle

23. Leopold Wiel, Kulturpalast

Εικόνα 24. Leopold Wiel, Institut für Kulturbauten,

Scena,

7 [1970], 2).

Wever,

Εικόνα 25. Dresden-Altstadt Kulturpalast Weg der roten Fahne, Gerhard Bondzin (φωτογραφία 1969, Jörg Blobelt).

Όταν,

Stadthalle,

Stadthalle Chemnitz

(Cupers 2015, 477).

, Rudolf Weiser.

26. Rudolf Weißer, Stadthalle, Chemnitz,

1974

Reinhard Höll, 2006).

Εικόνα 27. Rudolf Weißer, Stadthalle, Chemnitz (τότε KarlMarx-Stadt): 1

(Architecture of the GDR, αρ. 4 [1975]).

(Cupers 2015, 477).

Εικόνα 28. Freizeitforum, Berlin Marzahn-Hellersdorf, 2003, (φωτογραφία Rolf Heider).

Μaison de la Culture

Εικόνα 29. Maison de la Culture de Bourges, 1962, (φωτογραφία 2013, Pierre-Dominique Lepais).

de la Culture

(σχεδιασμένο

du Peuple

Clichy

Marcel Lods, Eugène Beaudouin, Jean Prouvé

Bodiansky),

30. Maison de la Culture de Bourges, 1962 (Πηγή: Gilblog).

Maison du peuple de Clichy, Jean Prouv

(Cupers 2015, 470).

Patrick Charpiat).

Εικόνα 32. Maison du peuple de Clichy,

, La Technique des travaux, n°4, octobre 1939.

33. Maison du peuple de Clichy, Κάτοψη, Dans « La maison du Peuple à Clichy », L’Ossature métallique, n°6, juin 1939.

(Cupers 2015, 470).

Εικόνα 34. Maison de la Culture, Amiens, Pierre Sonrel,

1965, David Liadet).

(Cupers 2015, 471).

Το Maison pour Tous

Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines,

Sept Mares,

Εικόνα 36. Maison pur Tous, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Pierre Venencie, 1975 (Έρευνα &

Το Maison pour Tous

35 [1978]).

37. Maison pur Tous, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Pierre Venencie,

35 [1978]).

1975 (Έρευνα &

Εικόνα 38. Pierre Venencie, Maison pour Tous, Saint-Quentin-en Yvelines,

(“Maison pour Tous d'Elancourt,”, Techniques et Architecture, αρ. 310 [Αύγ./Σεπτ. 1976], 76-77).

Ο Venencie

(Cupers 2015, 472).

Association pour la

Εικόνα 39. Pierre Venencie, Maison pour Tous, Saint-Quentin-en Yvelines,

1975, (φωτογραφία J.-B. Schwebig, 1977).

πολίτες (Cupers 2015, 472).

Εικόνα 40. Pierre Venencie, Maison pour Tous, Saint-Quentin-en Yvelines, Γαλλία, 1975,

(«Οι 7 Μητέρες Elancourt-Maurepas», (φωτογραφία CREATED Architecture 45 [Δ εκ. 1976]).

(Cupers 2015, 481).

(Smyth 1994).

Ronchamp (Le Corbusier/1954),

Guggenheim

(Jørn Utzon/1973),

(Grodach 2010).

Deffner 2005)

(Frank Lloyd Wright/1959),

(Richard Rogers & Renzo Piano/1977).

(Grodach 2010).

(Gospodini 2006).

Εικόνα

Guggenheim Museum, New York, 2020 (φωτογραφία R. Bianchini).

Richard Rogers,

Renzo Piano,

Georges Pompidou,

Beaubourg,

1977,

Pompidou,

Les Halles, rue Montorgueil, και Marais (Εικ. 41).

ομάδα Richard Rogers και Renzo Piano,

Gianfranco Franchini (Wikipedia, Centre Pompidou 2022).

Pompidou

του Les Halles (Chagall 2014).

(Wikiarquitectura 2022).

Renzo Piano, Richard Rogers, Gianfranco Franchini και Ove Arup & Partner

Yale University Press

Tussa Lusen).

Gerber (Sisson 2017).

2020).

(Wikipedia 2021).

(Attali 2022).

1976-1991 (παλαιό

1998-2004 (νέο

Thomson (Open House 2022).

(φωτογραφία documenta).

H. Keilholz,

5.3.6.2

5.3.6.3

5.3.6.4

Renzo Piano Building Workshop (RPBW),

5.3.7.3

5.3.7.3.1

2022).

11.

13.

15.

2002.

1975/86/2001.

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2. Attali, E. Doma. 2022. https://www.doma.archi/index/projects/moyseio-mpenakh (πρόσβαση Ιουν 09, 2022).

3. Babbie Ε. Εισαγωγή

2018.

4. Bogen, P. Stronger Arts and Cultural Organisations for a Greater Social Impact. Business Models profiling of Cultural Centres & Performing Arts Organisations. Sweden: Trans Europe Halles, Creative Lenses, 2018.

5. Christophe, Georgina DeCarli - Luckner. Museum, cultural center or both? Άρθρο , Αβάνα, Κούβα: UNESCO, 2012.

6. Colin. Βασικές

Τμήμα, 2014.

7. Cupers, Kenny. The Cultural Center: Architecture as Cultural Policy in Postwar Europe. The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Basil: Research Gate, 2015.

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2001.

9. Gospodini, A. ‘Portraying, classifying and understanding the emerging landscapes in the post - industrial city’. Cities. Journal, Athens: A. Gospodini, 2006.

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14.Silvanto, T., Linko, M.. & Cantell, T. «From enlightenment to experience: cultural centers in Helsinki neighbourhoods. International Journal of Cultural Policy.» Taylor & Francis online. 19 05 2008.

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1. Heydar Aliyev Center, Histoire par Zaha Hadid Architects, Hufton and Crow, https://archello.com/fr/story/22050/attachments/photos-videos/1, Archello.

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