Issuu

EPORT FOLI O

MARCH 2022

BLD62304

POR T FO LI O GRACE WONG JY.

0353138

BUI LDI NG SCI ENCEAND SERVI CES

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DI CI PLI NE SPECI FI C KNOWLEDGE

T HI NKI NG AND PROBLEM SOLVI NG SKI LLS

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DI GI T AL LI T ERACY

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LI GHT I NG AND VAC DESI GN FORCOMFORT T he obj ect i ve oft hi sas s i gnmenti st o choos ea r oom i nour own hous e.T he bui l di ng' ss er vi ces ,par t i cul ar l yt he l i ght i ng and vent i l at i on s et ups ,aswel lasanyi s s ueswi t ht he ar ea mus tbe obs er ved,i dent i f i ed,and anal ys ed.Af t ers ome anal ys i s ,we wi l lal t ert he vent i l at i onand l i ght i ng f i xt ur est o pr ovi de t he appr opr i at el evelofhuman comf or ti nt he s pace. 2

Taylor's University Malaysia BACHELOR IN INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE (SEMESTER 3)

SUBMISSION DATE: 9th May 2022

BLD62304 BUILDING SCIENCE AND SERVICES

ASSIGNMENT 01: LIGTHING AND VAC DESIGN FOR COMFORT PROJECT LOCATION: No.XX, JALAN 2/62 BANDAR MENJALARA 5220 KUALA LUMPUR PREPARE BY: GRACE WONG JING YEE STUDENT NO.: 0353138 PREPARED FOR MS SHARON THE AI PING

Table of content:

Page

SECTION A: OLD TO NEW 1. Existing Analysis 1.1.

1.2.

Introduction of the Existing Room

1.1.1.

Bedroom Fixtures

2-3

1.1.2.

Bathroom Fixtures

Dissatisfied Current Issues

1.2.1.

Sleep Area

1.2.2.

Air Conditioning flow

1.2.3.

Study Area

1.2.4.

Problems of Old Fixtures

1.2.5.

Bathroom

2. Reintroducing Comfort 2.1.

Introduction of New RCP Plan

2.2.

Highlighted Changes for Human Comfort

7-8 9

2.2.1.

Sleep Area

9-11

2.2.2.

Study Area

2.2.3.

Problems of Old Fixtures

2.2.4.

Bathroom

12-13 13

3. Energy Consumptions 3.1.

Specifications

3.1.1.

Light Fixtures

14-20

3.1.2.

Vac Equipment

21-24

3.2.

Lux Calculations

3.3.

Energy Calculations

3.3.1.

Sizing Air Conditioner

3.3.2.

Comparison of old and new fixtures

3.3.2.1.

Fluorescent Tube Light & LED Downlight

27-28

3.3.2.2.

Milux 60" & KDK Ceiling Fan

3.3.2.3.

SANYO & Daikin SMARTO Air Conditioning

SECTION B: RE-SOUCES 1. Bill of Quantities 1.1.

Light Fixtures in the room

1.2.

VAC Equipment in the room

2. Graphical References in BQ 2.1.

Light Fixtures in the room

2.2.

VAC Equipment in the room

33-34 35

3. Drawings 3.1.

Old Layout Plan

3.2.

New Layout Plan

4. 3D Perspective of the room 4.1.

Bedroom

38-39

4.2.

Bathroom

Conclusion

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SECTION A: OLD TO NEW

1. Existing Analysis 1.1.

Introduction of the existing room

Figure 1.1. The existing look of the master bedroom

Figure 1.2. The compass shows the room is facing the Northeast direction

Figure 1.3. Window is installed with curtain that have better sun coverage

The chosen room is the master bedroom, which is placed on the first level of a double-story terrace house. It is the house's largest room and has a bathroom attached to it. This house has been in the family for almost 50 years, from the first generation to the third generation of the client. They've only had minor renovations once in the last 26 years, thus the current state of the interior is outdated and falling apart. Figure 1.1 depicts the room's overall appearance, with the yellow door leading to the private bathroom. The present room's furnishings and carpeting are both ancient, but the layout for the arranging area is lovely and efficient for all of the divisions that are divided. As a result, some of the fixtures in the room are disorganised. The human comfort level was not effectively achieved since the previously put fixtures were not correctly synchronised with the current position. The room's largest window, as shown in Figure 1.2, faces northeast. As a consequence, the sun's rays will flow through the window from morning to afternoon, seldom impacting the clients because the sun will only pass through the window in the morning and the clients will be out of the house in the afternoon. The dawn can always be seen via the window. Buildings or plots facing northeast, according to Vastu Shastra, are beneficial. Those who reside in a house on the north-east corner have a lot of luck in life. As a result, the northeast is the best orientation for residences since it enables the most sunlight to enter the inside. To reduce transparency and heat absorption for the bedroom interior, the window is equipped with a decent curtain coverage. (As shown in Figure 1.3)

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1.1.1. Bedroom fixtures By referring to the reflected ceiling plan, the bedroom consists of 2 light fixtures, 1 ceiling fan, and a wall-mounted air conditioner for a 21.62 sq.ft. The main light is located between the wardrobe area and the bed. It is known as a 1200mm (L) white fluorescent tube light (as shown in Figure 1.4). This light usually turns on at the usual time, except in the morning and afternoon, when it will be turned off before sleep.

Figure 1.4. The 1200mm length of fluorescent tube light installed between bed and wardrobe

Figure 1.5. Another 900mm length of fluorescent tube light installed above the study table

Another light is a fluorescent tube light as well, but the light is illuminated with a warm colour tone. The length of it is 900mm. It is located above the study table (Shown in Figure 1.5). From the image, we can see the light turning on. The warm light is reflected onto the wall. This light is always used as the night light in this room. It provides a dim yellow light for the room's illumination during the daylight and night time.

Figure 1.6. The three-blades ceiling fan

Figure 1.7. The regulator controller for ceiling fan along with other switches

The three-bladed ceiling fan is positioned in the middle of the room, and it is still usable although it has been installed for more than 20 years (as shown in Figure 1.6). The fan's speed can be adjusted to meet individual needs (as shown in Figure 1.7). The ceiling fan serves as a good fixture in the room, creating ventilation air flow. A good ventilation system has a positive impact on health and well-being. Indoor air pollution coupled with bad ventilation can lead to a number of health problems. GRACE WONG JING YEE 0353138

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Figure 1.8. Sanyo air conditioner still well-functioning

Figure 1.9. Controller of air conditioner

Figure 1.10. Inner structure to adjust for the air conditioner

The existing wall-mounted air conditioner is positioned facing towards the bed. Figure 1.8 shows the image of the air-conditioner. It is an old air conditioner, but it still functions well for usage. Due to the age of the air conditioner, it is hard to find service for the air conditioner itself. Figures 1.9 and 1.10 show the air conditioner controller, which is mounted on the wall below the air conditioner and is inconvenient for people to adjust the temperature.

1.1.2. Bathroom fixtures

Figure 1.11. Bathroom fluorescent light

Figure 1.12. Exhaust fan in the bathroom

Turning into the bathroom, there is only one small 600mm fluorescent tube light installed in the middle of the toilet (as shown in Figure 1.11). This light will be turned on whenever the client is using the bathroom.

There is an exhaust fan in the bathroom (shown in Figure 1.12). It is installed beside the washbasin and above the window. Installing an exhaust fan will rid the bathroom air of excess moisture, humidity, odours, and other pollutants.

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1.2.

Dissatisfied Current Issues

Figure 1.13. Diagram of human comfort

Human comfort is the main consideration for the room as it is mainly used for people's sleeping space. In Figure 1.13, it shows the consideration of a space in terms of human comfort. As mentioned earlier, it was not adequately accomplished. There are a few problems to be looked at in terms of aesthetics, comfort, and convenience. In order to solve the problem in the space, one must create another suitable space for the user. The point is divided into bedroom areas and bathrooms.

1.2.1. Sleep area

Figure 1.14. Sleeping area on top with fluorescent tube light at night

Figure 1.15. Lux meter app measured the total lux in the sleeping area at night

First of all, the client has some habits that need to be taken into consideration for the design. She likes reading, but there are no light fixtures, e.g., a study lamp for her to read her books. The client said she was scared of the dark, so she usually didn’t turn off the light when she was sleeping. Because of this, she opens the main light when she is sleeping. There is a fluorescent tube light above, in between the ceiling of the wardrobe and the bed (as shown in Figure 1.14). The light is too bright, which affects one’s sleeping quality. Based on the lux meter, the brightness of the light fixture in the sleeping area at night is approximately 182 lux (as shown in Figure 1.15), which is too bright and not suitable for eye comfort level, especially in sleep. In addition, if she sleeps with her grandmother, she might need some light to guide her grandmother to the bathroom, so it is also not suitable to turn off all the lights.

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1.2.2. Air Conditioning flow

Figure 1.16. The air flow of the air conditioner is facing directly to the person who is sleeping

At night, the client will feel cold because of the direct air conditioner directed toward her face, as shown in Figure 1.16. The cold air should not blow directly onto the bed. When the air conditioner directly blows cold air onto your body, it carries away heat and moisture at a faster rate. Thus, they may feel too cold and other problems may arise, such as dry skin, dry lips, and headaches after you wake up in the morning. 1.2.3. Study area

Figure 1.17. Daylight when opening the fluorescent light on the study area

Figure 1.18. Lux meter app measured the total lux in the study area daylight with no any light on

Figure 1.19. The fluorescent light illuminate yellow light during night time

Figure 1.20. Lux meter app measured the total lux in the study area during night with light on

There is a huge difference between yellow light in the study area during daylight (as shown in Figure 1.17) and at night (Figure 1.19). Night time is illuminated with more yellow light than daylight. The study area is for reading purposes and working areas. It’s better to avoid yellow lights as they strain people’s eyes while reading or doing work. According to the measure of the lux metre app in Figure 1.18 and Figure 1.20, there is insufficient light in the study area. At the same time, spending too much time in dimly lit areas might change the brain's structure and hurt one's ability to remember and learn. At the same time, it also hurts our eyes. GRACE WONG JING YEE 0353138

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1.2.4. Problems of old fixtures

Figure 1.21. Sanyo air conditioner still well-functioning

Figure 1.22. The three-blades ceiling fan

They have a lot of issues because of their age. Old air conditioner units (shown in Figure 1.21) are known to exacerbate the effects of chronic illnesses that users may be suffering from. For instance, conditions such as neuritis, arthritis, bronchitis, asthma, and high blood pressure are worsened by an old air conditioner. While moving towards the ceiling fan (Figure 1.22), it can tend to make noises such as buzzing, wobbling, and squeaking. It affects the user's concentration when they are operating the ceiling fan. 1.2.5. Bathroom

Figure 1.23. The basin area in the bathroom during day light

Figure 1.24. The fluorescent tube light located in the middle of bathroom

Figure 1.25. The total lux in the bathroom during night with light on

Figure 1.23 shows that the basin area of the bathroom is bright during daylight because it is illuminated by the window light that is just next to the basin. The whole bathroom is lit up by one fluorescent tube light, which is located in the middle of the bathroom (as shown in Figure 1.24). Thus, there is insufficient light during the night time. In Figure 1.25, the lux metre app shows the total lux is 119. Every time the user is using the bathroom for her skincare routine at night, she has a hard time seeing herself clearly in the mirror.

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2. Reintroducing Comfort 2.1.

Introduction of new RCP plan

Sliding door

Figure 2.1. Overall view of sleeping, study and wardrobe area

The new room layout mainly introduces the new light fixtures, HVAC, and ceiling fan. (Refer to page 37 for the new layout plan). The position of the furniture didn’t change that much, as the layout was already good for the space inside the bedroom. The new design of the bedroom is mostly just changing the old furniture in this room to make it cosier and more comfortable for the user. By looking at Figure 2.1, the feature wall behind the bed and study table is differentiated by colour contrast to divide the space into two areas. Removing the existing mirror on the study table will allow the user to use the study area more comfortably and with less distraction. The previous wardrobe is old and bad in human ergonomics (as shown in Figure 2.2). It is hard to open the wardrobe door at the side table there (left side of the wardrobe). I decided to change the wardrobe to a new design. It is shown in the highlighted wardrobe in Figure 2.1.

Figure 2.2. The old existing design of wardrobe.

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The new design of wardrobe uses a sliding door to open, which is more convenient for the user to use when they are taking clothes from the left side of the wardrobe (as shown in Figure 2.1). At the same time, the new designed wardrobe provides ambience and a good view of the design in this room.

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Figure 2.3. TV Cabinet also designed for the room

Figure 2.4. Previous planning of the area

A TV cabinet (shown in Figure 2.3) is being built for people who find it difficult to climb up and down the stairs in their home just to watch TV. They can do nothing but lie in bed and watch television. The previous design in Figure 2.4 depicts all of the items strewn around the room, resulting in a cluttered environment.

New air-con Original air-con

Figure 2.5. Noticeable light fixtures were remove and replaced along with the vac equipment for the whole room

All the light fixtures have been replaced, and more light has been added into the space for better light distribution, especially at night. As shown in Figure 2.5, a new ceiling fan was installed to replace the old ceiling fan and move more towards the bed. A new air conditioning unit was also installed after the old one was removed (Green box indicates old air-con). The air conditioning unit was originally positioned directly in front of one face, thus it was moved above the window. GRACE WONG JING YEE 0353138

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2.2. Highlighted Changes for Human Comfort 2.2.1. Sleep Area LED Downlight

Figure 2.6. Highlight for the sleep area

Figure 2.7. Two LED Downlight replacing the two fluorescent tube

To achieve better human comfort, the existing fluorescent tube light is removed. Despite the fact that it illuminates the entire room, the light does not distribute evenly (refer to Page 2bedroom fixture). As a result, the two new LED downlights were chosen to replace them (as shown in Figure 2.7), and the people inside were able to achieve better eye comfort. And the voltage of the LED downlight is up to 60% more energy-saving compared to other light products (Refer back to Page 14 for LED Downlight specifications). According to the calculations that have been made, the net savings after changing the LED fluorescent tube to the LED downlights is RM 0.61 per month. (Refer back to Page 14 for energy calculations.)

Figure 2.8. Temperature of lights

However, the temperature for the LED downlight is selecting the 4000k (Shown in Figure 2.8). It is because, by referring back to the original light, they were using two different tones of light in the study and sleep areas (which are 3000k warm white and 6000k cool white). It creates a weird vision towards the interior because of the different tones of the downlight. In the new design, I would like to keep the same temperature of the downlight but use a different temperature for other additional light, such as the LED light strip above the sleep area ceiling. Thus, in Figure 2.6, we can see the fairness of the light temperature and tone. They create a good view of the room and a comfortable environment for the user in the space.

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LED Track Light

Figure 2.9. 2 LED Track Light installed on the top of sleeping area

The LED Track Light is added in the room is because it is designed to create ambience in the master bedroom, to make the bedroom more comfortable and pleasant. It can also act as a spotlight to light out specific items/areas. The track light is set to shine towards the wall behind the bed, as shown in Figure 2.9. Track lighting in the room can assist illuminate some of the room's gloomy corners, such as the one near the closet. In addition, when combined with the LED downlight, this track light helps to lighten up the room (as shown in Figure 2.7), to make the whole space look brighter.

LED Light Strip

Figure 2.10. LED Light Strip open together with other light fixtures at night

Figure 2.11. LED Light Strip switch off; the other light still switches on at night

Figure 2.12. LED Light Strip switch on while the other lights switch off at night

The LED Light strip 5050 act as minor light source in the master bedroom is a (As shown in Figure 2.10), because it just creates little and small light in the room. The major reason for selecting this light is because when the other lights in the room are turned out, this LED light strip may create a wonderful ambience (Compare Figure 2.10 & 2.11). This LED light strip may be left open to offer small light to the room when people want to watch movies with the lights turned off (As shown in Figure 2.12). This LED light strip might not be that important in this room, but it is somehow being another option of the light to let the user to switch on to achieve other ambience in the interior of the room. GRACE WONG JING YEE 0353138

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LED motion sensor light

Figure 2.13. LED motion sensor light with lights on and off during light

A few of Yeelight Smart LED Motion Sensor Light is installed beside the bed, it’s to guarantee that those who need to use the bathroom late night have accessibility to a light source. At the same time, this motion light can lower the risk of dangerous accidents among the elderly while also not affect the others sleep quality. In Figure 2.13 can see during the night time when the motion sensor light is light up. For instance, they worried the elders might fall in the dark while walking to bathroom without any lights companion. Hence, this LED motion sensor light act as a walk guide for them at night (For more information refer to Page 18 for specifications of LED motion sensor light)

2.2.2. Study Area Work Lamp The work lamp in the study area is important because it provides enough light for people to do their work on the table. The previous light (old design) uses fluorescent tube light to illuminate the study area. The temperature of the light is 3000K, which is too yellow and too warm for working or reading in the following environment. The warm light of 2,500 to 3,000K will help people relax. The natural light of 4,900 to 6,500K is the best for eyes and allows comfortable work. Therefore, in Figure 2.14, the light temperature in the study area is about 4000K which is good for working or reading. Figure 2.14. Work Lamp on the study table

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2.2.3. Problems of old fixtures Ceiling Fan

Figure 2.15. The new KDK ceiling fan replacing the old ceiling fan

The new KDK ceiling fan is replacing the old ceiling fan because there are some noises coming from the old fixture. So, after some thought, I concluded that the safety of the old ceiling fan could be jeopardised by an unknown issue, and we don't want to risk injuring someone. In addition, the new ceiling fan features a blade safety plate and a cut-off safety device, which can provide safety to the user. Other than that, having this ceiling will reduce the amount of noise. (Refer back to the specifications of KDK Ceiling fan in Page 21). On the other hand, the calculation in Page 29 shows that, the previous ceiling fan (Milux Ceiling Fan) between the new design of KDK Ceiling Fan, the net savings after changing to new ceiling fan is RM 0.69 per month.

Air conditioner To achieve better energy-efficiency, the new Daikin SMARTO premium R32 Inventor Air conditioner will replace the old air conditioning. Due to the old air conditioning keep making noises. The 1.5 horsepower is being choose for this room, (Refer to Page 26 for sizing of air conditioner). The new air conditioning uses an intelligent thermal sensor to detect the presence of human temperature in the room for a more comfortable cooling airflow through Smart Powerful⁺ and Smart Eco Max features (As shown in Figure 2.16). GRACE WONG JING YEE 0353138

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Figure 2.17. New Daikin SMARTO air conditioning use for the new design

In additional, after made some calculation in between the old air conditioning and the new ones, I concluded there is a lot of benefits. First of all, the calculation of power rates in Page 30 shows that, the previous Air conditioner (SANYO 9000 BTU Air Conditioner) between the new design of Daikin SMARTO premium R32 Inventor Air conditioner, the net savings after changing to the new air conditioner is RM 11.00 per month. Plus, Daikin SMARTO premium R32 Inventor Air conditioner is a new model of Daikin, it just releases not over 1 year, so it is a good choice to use this high technology air conditioner, which also helps to taking care our body health’s, because it also adding a part of the air purifier in this new air conditioner. 2.2.4. Bathroom LED Rectangle Mirror

Bathroom replacing the old mirror to the new DEKO LED Rectangle Mirror. This mirror installed together with the Led light, for switch on the light is just touch the bottom on the mirror. The LED which is able to switch 3 different light modes (LED White, Warm or Neutral Light). This is suitable for the people who is using this mirror for their facial routine as they can adjust the light brightness or mode base on their preferences and requirements.

Figure 2.18. Highlight for the change of bathroom mirror

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3. Energy Consumptions 3.1. Specifications 3.1.1. Light fixtures A. [SIRIM] LED Downlight

Figure 3.1. types of Sirim LED Downlight

Figure 3.2. The selected size and specification that been input in the new design

12W

18W

24W

3000k / 6500K 95mm x 25mm 560 lm

3000K / 4000K / 6500K 145mm x 25mm 960 lm

3000K / 4000K / 6500K 185mm x 25mm 1600 lm

3000K / 4000K / 6500K 220mm x 30mm 2200 lm

160 – 265V

165 – 265V

180 – 265V

Optical Parameters Colour Temperature Dimensions Lumen (lm)

Electrical Parameters Input Voltage range (VAC)

Figure 3.3. Specifications of SIRIM LED downlight

The [SIRIM] LED Downlight (Round) is for the downlight in the bedroom area and also for the bathroom. It is easy to install and the installation instructions are also given by the seller shopee (as shown in Figure 3.4). The products are being verified by the SIRIM certificate. The SIRIM certification is required for market approval in Malaysia. It is identified as a good and safe electrical product for the user to choose and buy. Figure 3.4. The installation instructions provided by seller of shopee

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Moreover, the voltage of the downlight is up to 60% more energy-saving compared to other light products (refer back to Figure 3.3). It also provides different colour temperatures to let the user choose and select the suitable light in the following area.

Figure 3.5. The effect of different lights of temperature in different spaces

Shopee sellers also provide an image for the user to choose their light colour, such as in Figure 3.5, where it suggests the user select the warm white (3000k) to illuminate the area. Which is good because some of the buyers might find it hard to choose the temperature for their spaces.

B. 12W LED Track light & 1m Track light rail

Figure 3.6. 12W LED track light

Figure 3.7. The materials & chips being use in the light

The 12W LED Track light has an aluminium material for the outer body with a dimension of 60mm x 100mm. It has two different colours (black and white) for the user to select (as shown in Figure 3.8 below). It uses an LED chip in its lights, which has better low power consumption and maximum brightness. It allows for about 30% energy savings compared with other GRACE WONG JING YEE 0353138

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models of the light. In addition, it is 30% more sustainable for a long period of time for the user. which is better because it can be used for a long period of time. Subsequently, the track light rail is also made of the same material as the tack light; it is made of aluminium for the track itself and provides two different colours. The length is 1 metre. 12W Optical Parameters Colour Temperature Dimensions Lumen (lm)

4000K 100mm x 60mm 980 lm

Electrical Parameters Input Voltage range (VAC)

Material

240V Aluminum

Colour Chip

Black and white Led Copper chip

Size

60mm x 100mm Figure 3.8. Specifications of the track light

Figure 3.9. Size of track light & Colours of light

C. LED Light strip & Aluminum profile i. LED Light strip 5050 PLCC-6 SMT

LED Light strip Colour

RGB

Code

5050 PLCC-6 SMT

LED Quantity Size

500cm (L) x 1.4cm (W) x 0.3cm (H)

Input Voltage

Working Input Voltage: 12VDC

Output power

72W

Temperature

-20-- 50

Self-adhesive back Figure 3.10. LED Light strip

300 leds

Yes

Figure3.11. Specifications of LED Light strip

LED Light strip 5050 PLCC-6 SMT is a roll of light strip, it is flexible for the one who is using it, because it can be cut without damaging the rest of the strips, according to their requirements. They also provide a remote control for changing the colour of the light (refer to Figure 3.10). In addition, all the light spreads and is completely smooth, luminous and even for interior space. The LED lights have low power consumption (as shown in Figure 3.11), are bright but run at a low temperature, and have a long lifespan of about 50,000 hours.

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Figure 3.12. Different temperature of light creates different ambience in the room

In Figure 3.12, showing how the looks of different light temperatures will create different ambiences in the interior space, it may also affect people's emotions. Colours can affect our feelings, emotions, and moods. This is why the rooms in a hospital are often green – green calms and reduces stress. Blue lighting leads to post-stress relaxation three times as quickly as conventional white lighting. Blue light's potential calming effects have been observed outside of scientific studies as well. ii.

Aluminum profile

Aluminum V shape led strip profile

Figure 3.13. Aluminum V shape led strip profile

Figure 3.14. Aluminum V shape led strip profile

This Aluminum V shape led strip profile (refer to Figure 3.13) has a corner profile with a rounded diffuser at a 45-degree angle for installing LED tape products up to 12 mm in width. The special rounded diffuser supplied with this extrusion is designed to minimise or eliminate pixilation from the LEDs, and for ease of installation, the diffuser is a clip-on type, so it can be attached after the product is installed. Using a V-shaped aluminium profile will make the installation easier and faster by just attaching the profile in the corner of the ceiling or wall. There will be no need to create any grove line or hole to install the aluminium profile inside.

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Figure 3.15. The installation guide provides by the seller

D. Yeelight LED motion sensor light

Figure 3.16. Yeelight LED motion sensor light

Model

Figure 3.17. The placement view of the LED motion sensor light

Yeelight Motion Sensor Light A60 YLCG006

Dimension

600mm x 390mm x 90mm

Rated Power

3.6w

Battery Capacity

2200mAh

Colour Temperature

2700k

Rated Input

DC 5V/1A

Charging Mode

USB-C (Charging cable included) Figure 3.18. The specifications of Yeelight LED motion sensor light

The Yeelight Smart LED Motion Sensor Light (60mm) is a slender fixture with a high-grade metal finish (Shown in Figure 3.16). A black industrial style with a basic design. An accurate human body sensor is built-in to this multi-purpose bulb. For example, the light will only turn on when motion is detected, making it simple and hands-free. The cabinet light also features a built-in photosensitive sensor that turns on only when the room is dark. This feature allows the light to conserve energy while causing less interruption to others. GRACE WONG JING YEE 0353138

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Figure 3.19. Features of the Yeelight LED motion sensor light

E. Ikea ARÖD Work Lamp Specifications Material     

Shade/ Arm/ Tube/ Base: Steel, Powder coating Shade holder: Aluminium, Brush finish nickelplated Reflector: Aluminium, Powder coating Joint: Zinc, Brush finish nickel-plated Weight: EVA plastic, Cast iron

Measurements:       Figure 3.20. Ikea ARÖD Work lamp

Power.: 13 W Lumen (lm): 1180 lm Height: 530mm Base diameter: 230mm Shade diameter: 150mm Cord length: 15.5m Figure 3.21. Specifications of ARÖD Work lamp

ARÖD work lamp has a classic design in metal, providing perfect lighting for reading or working (shown in Figure 3.20). The lamp arm and head are adjustable for different angles that are suitable for everyone to use at different places. This working lamp is good for the study table when someone is reading or doing work. Working lamps provide the perfect lighting for reading, working on the laptop, as well as sketching. Choose Ikea because it is a trusted brand that delivers high-quality furniture and home applications. GRACE WONG JING YEE 0353138

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F. DEKO LED Rectangle Mirror

Specifications     

Material: Glass + Aluminium Size: 600mm x 400mm Switch: Sensor Touch Screen ON/OFF Switch Light Colour: 3 Colour Light (LED White, Warm or Neutral Light) Light Source: Built-in LED Strips. The LED are energy saving, 50,000 hours lifetime. Figure 3.23. Specifications of ARÖD Work lamp

Figure 3.22. DEKO LED Rectangle Mirror

The DEKO LED Rectangle Mirror (Figure 3.22) brightens up your room with HD floating glass. Silver backing craft enhances mirror clarity while NO reflection distortion occurs. A rounded and frameless led mirror gives a more harmonious and futuristic look. And the anti-corrosion material will keep it always in brand new condition. It is good for use in bathrooms, living rooms, barbershops, beauty centres, coffee shops, and lobbies. Bright, smooth, futuristic, stylish and luxurious. Using this LED mirror will brighten up the bathroom during the night, which creates better vision for the person using the mirror in the bathroom.

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3.1.2. Vac Equipment A. KDK Regulator Ceiling Fan

Figure 3.24. KDK Regulator fan

Model

Regulator Type K15VC

Colour

White

Dimension

(150cm/60″)

Air delivery

230

Nett weight (kg)

5.10

Power (W)

85W

Noise level (db)

< 62

Motor type

14 Pole Condenser Figure 3.25. Specifications of KDK Regulator fan

The KDK Regulator Ceiling Fan is a three-blade ceiling fan featuring a blade safety plate and a cut-off safety device. They're utilising a 14-pole condenser, which offers a greater energysaving potential. They provide a 5-year warranty, giving the user peace of mind and assurance. At the same time, having this new fan in the room will reduce the amount of noise in the room while also providing good ventilation.

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B. Daikin SMARTO premium R32 Inventor

Figure 3.26. Daikin Smarto premium R32 Inventor

Daikin SMARTO combines the functions of both an air conditioner and an air puriﬁer to not just cool but clean the air all at once! With Streamer Air Puriﬁcation Technology, all particles, allergens and odours will be eliminated to deliver a healthy indoor air environment for the user. Figure 3.27 below shows the combinations of 3 air purification system in their air conditioning, this is good for the one who is sensitive with air quality, dust and some humidity space.

Figure 3.27. The diagram of combination of air purification system

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Figure 3.29. Mobile app of GO DAIKIN

Figure 3.28. Smart Eco Max of Daikin SMARTO

SMARTO air conditioner uses an intelligent thermal sensor to detect the presence of human temperature in the room for a more comfortable cooling airflow through Smart Powerful⁺ and Smart Eco Max features. The other good thing is this air conditioner can connect to your tablet or smart phone in Go DAIKIN App (As shown in Figure 3.29), so that they can control their air conditioner, in other space.

Technical Specifications of Daikin SMARTO Model

FTKHB28-B1MF

Type

Inventor

Horsepower

1.5

Indoor Dimension (H x W x D)

288 x 779 x 246 mm

Outdoor Dimension (H x W x D)

550 x 658 x 273 mm

Air flow rate (CFM)

400

Indoor weight (kg)

9.5kg

Outdoor weight (kg)

26kg

Power supply (V/Hz)

220-240V /50Hz

Rated power consumption (W)

940W

Rated Cooling Capacity (btu/hr)

12,100 Figure 3.30. Technical specifications of Daikin SMARTO

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C. UM Shutter Exhaust Fan

Figure 3.31. UM shutter exhaust fan

Figure 3.32. Usage of open type motor in the exhaust fan

Model Size

UM shutter exhaust fan 10 inch (335 x 90 x 290mm)

Power (W)

40w

Air Volume

0.25m³/s

Figure 3.34. Specifications of UM Shutter Exhaust Fan Figure 3.33. Size diagram of the fan

The UM Shutter Exhaust Fan is best suited for installation in the living room, dining room, and bedroom, among other places. Ventilating fans keep air circulating in rooms. Exhaust contaminated air and ventilate fresh air. The UM shutter exhaust fan has a low source of power but provides strong ventilation in the space. It also provides ultra-low noise when the fan is opened.

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3.2.

Lux Calculations

Lux = Lumen ÷ Area

New design calculations of lux Area of the room in (m2) = (4.9 x 4.1) m2 = 20.09 m2 i. General (Lux of overall bedroom): (Downlight x2 + Track Light x2) Lux = Total Lumen of light ÷ Area of the room = (1600 lm x2) + (980 lm x2) ÷ 20.09 m2 = 5160 ÷ 20.09 m2 = 256 Lux

ii. Task (Lux of study area): Lux = Lumen of work lamp ÷ Area of the study area = 1180 ÷ (1.3 x 1.7) m2 = 1180 ÷ 2.21m2 = 533 Lux

According to the calculations above, the total lux in the room for general activities is 256 lux, which is sufficient for the general activities in the room. For instance, watching television, talking on the phone, changing clothes, and so on. The new light fixture design given is suitable for the space. The second part of the calculation is about the lux calculation of the study area. According to the information I gathered, the minimum average illuminance should be 500 lux, with great uniformity and little glare. The calculations reveal that it has a brightness of over 533 lux, showing that the work lamp's brightness is suitable for persons working in the study area.

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3.3. Energy Calculations 3.3.1. Sizing air conditioner If the HVAC system is too small or undersized, it will have to run constantly to reach the set temperature and sufficiently cool your home. When you have a properly sized HVAC system, it will use far less energy to run and will efficiently and effectively heat or cool your home. Calculations of the air conditioning horsepower in the master bedroom. Area of the room in (m2) = (4.9 x 4.1) m2 = 20.09 m2 Estimated heat of the room, multiply 700 = 20.09 m2 x 700 = 14,063 btu/hr No. of occupants, multiply with 500 = 2 x 500 = 1,000 btu/hr Total Wattage from electrical equipment = LED Downlight + LED Track Lights + LED Light Strip + Motion Sensor Light + Work Lamp + Ceiling Fan = (18W x 2) + (12W x 2) + 72W + (3.6W x 5) + 13W + 85W = (36W + 24W + 72W + 18W + 13W + 85W) = 248W Estimated heat from electrical equipment, multiply with 3.5 = 248W x 3.5 = 868 btu/hr Total Heat Calculation (btu/hr) = (14,063 + 1,000 + 868) btu/hr = 15,931 btu/hr  Air Conditioner Sizing (Horsepower of air-con, hp) = 15,931 btu/hr ÷ 9,800 = 1.6236 hp = 1.6 hp = 1.5 (Selected Horsepower)

The master bedroom air conditioner size should be chosen for the horsepower, according to the calculations above. The comfort level would be enhanced after installing and altering all of the light fixtures and vac equipment, necessitating the use of more coolants to combat the rising heat. The actual horsepower required is roughly 1.6 hp, according to the air conditioner sizing calculation (as indicated in Figure 3.35). But we can take into other consideration, not all the electrical equipment will open at the same time. So the horsepower of 1.5 should be consider enough for the master bedroom.

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kW = W ÷ 1000 (1kg = 1000g)

3.3.2. Comparison of old and new fixtures kWh = kW x hr Rate = 0.218 (Base on TnB Residence Tariff) 3.3.3.1. Fluorescent Tube light & LED Downlight Old Design Item Product Name Calculation PHILIPS TL-D Fluorescent Tube 2ft (610mm) = 18W 3ft (900mm) = 21W 4ft (1200mm) = 36W Illumination: Daylight (6500k) & Warm white (3000k)

2ft PHILIPS TL-D Fluorescent tube Power = 18 W = 0.018 kW Per day = 0.018 kW x 7 hr = 0.126 kWh Per month  Bill Costing for 2ft = kWh x Rate (RM) = 3.78 kWh x 0.218 = RM 0.48 3ft PHILIPS TL-D Fluorescent tube Power = 21 W = 0.021 kW Per day = 0.021 kW x 7 hr = 0.147 kWh Per month = 0.147 kWh x 30 days = 4.41 kWh  Bill Costing for 3ft = kWh x Rate (RM) = 4.41 kWh x 0.218 = RM 0.96 4ft PHILIPS TL-D Fluorescent tube Power = 36 W = 0.036 kW Per day = 0.036 kW x 7 hr = 0.252 kWh Per month = 0.252 kWh x 30 days = 7.56 kWh  Bill Costing for 4ft = kWh x Rate (RM) = 7.56 kWh x 0.218 = RM 1.65 Total = RM (0.48 + 0.96 + 1.65) = RM 3.09

New Design 6’’ [SIRIM] LED Downlight 6’’ [SIRIM] LED Downlight (Round) x3 nos Illuminate: Cool white (4000k)

Power = 18 W = 0.018 kW Per day = 0.018 kW x 7 hr = 0.126 kWh Per month = 0.126 kWh x 30 days = 3.78 kWh  Bill Costing for 2 downlight = kWh x Rate (RM) = (3.78 kWh x 0.218) x 3 nos = RM 0.82404 x 3 nos = RM 2.48

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

Net savings per month after changing to new design (6’’ [SIRIM] LED Downlight)

= RM 3.09 – RM 2.48 = RM 0.61

According to the estimates above, the total cost of the original fluorescent tube light was RM 3.09 per month. Each of the light tubes comes in three different lengths and power ratings: 18W, 21W, and 36W. The bathroom has the 18W light tube, while the bedroom has the other two. These three original fluorescent tube lights have been replaced with three new LED downlights. Each of the three downlights is 18W. The 3 total costs about RM 2.48 per month. At the end of the calculations, it is determined that the previous design (Fluorescent tube light) is wastes more energy than the new design, which saves roughly RM 0.61 each month.

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3.3.3.2. Milux 60" & KDK Ceiling Fan Item

Old Design Product Name Milux 60" 3 Blades Ceiling Fan MCF6001 Double Bearing Motor

Calculation Milux 60" 3 Blades Ceiling Fan Power = 100 W = 0.1 kW Per day = 0.1 kW x 7 hr = 0.7 kWh Per month = 0.7 kWh x 30 days = 21 kWh  Bill Costing for Milux Ceiling Fan = kWh x Rate (RM) = 21 kWh x 0.218 = RM 4.59

New Design KDK 60" 3 Blades Regulator Fan KDK 60" 3 Blades Regulator Fan K15VC

14 Pole Condenser Motor

Power = 85 W = 0.085 kW Per day = 0.085 kW x 7 hr = 0.595 kWh Per month = 0.595 kWh x 30 days = 17.85 kWh  Bill Costing KDK Ceiling Fan = kWh x Rate (RM) = 17.85 kWh x 0.218 = RM 3.90



Net savings per month after changing to new design (KDK 60" 3 Blades Regulator Fan)

= RM 4.59 – RM 3.90 = RM 0.69

Base on the calculations above, the previous old ceiling fan cost for RM 4.59 per month. The power for it was 100 W. However, the new design ceiling fan cost RM 3.90 per month and used 85 W of power, it saves for about RM 0.69. It can be seen that the old ceiling fan uses more energy than the new ceiling fan (KDK 60" 3 Blades Regulator Fan K15VC). It's because the old ceiling fan has an out-of-date motor and technology, which means that switching to a new design that is more energy-efficient and delivers greater ventilation in the master bedroom can save you money.

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3.3.2.3. SANYO & Daikin SMARTO Air Conditioning Item

Old Design Product Name SANYO 9000 BTU Air Conditioner 1.5 Horsepower

Calculation SANYO 2.0 Air Conditioner Power = 1180 W = 1.18 kW Per day = 1.18 kW x 7 hr = 8.26 kWh Per month = 8.26 kWh x 30 days = 247.8 kWh  Bill Costing for Milux Ceiling Fan = kWh x Rate (RM) = 247.8 kWh x 0.218 = RM 54.00

New Design

Daikin SMARTO premium R32 Inventor 1.5 Horsepower

Daikin SMARTO 1.5 Air Conditioner Power = 940 W = 0.94kW Per day = 0.94 kW x 7 hr = 6.58 kWh Per month = 6.58 kWh x 30 days = 197.4 kWh  Bill Costing KDK Ceiling Fan = kWh x Rate (RM) = 197.4 kWh x 0.218 = RM 43.00



Net savings per month after changing to new design (KDK 60" 3 Blades Regulator Fan)

= RM 54.00 – RM 43.00 = RM 11.00

The calculations above show that the net savings per month after switching to the new design of air conditioner is about RM 11.00. It is very obvious that they have the same horsepower, but their power range is very different. It might be due to the fact that the old air conditioner needs more energy to start its motor because it is an old design. Therefore, the new air conditioner is better compared with the old design because it contains more benefits, such as the air purifier in the air conditioner, intelligent input, etc. (Refer to the specifications of Daikin SMARTO Page 23).

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SECTION B: RE-SOUCES 1. Bill of Quantity A. Light Fixtures in the room Description

Item

Unit Qty

Rate (RM)

Total

Source

Note

BEDROOM L-1 6’’ [SIRIM] LED Downlight (Round)

L-2

nos

8.20 RM

16.40

12W LED Track light in white together with nos track light rail fitting in white (One set 2+1)

36.10 RM

36.10

The main light in the space, installed above the entrance of the room and the study area. To be installed above the sleeping area, AB Lighting in Shopee adjust the angle of light to make it glow on the wall. minglighting88 in Shopee

L-3 LED Light strip 5050 PLCC-6 SMT

nos

74.99 RM

74.99

everproent in shopee

Install it together with the L-4 aluminium profile and fit it to the top of the ceiling.

L-4 Aluminum V shape led strip profile

nos

37.20 RM

148.80

Tao Home Lights in Lazada

Holding the L-3 LED light strip to be fixed on the top of the ceiling.

Aihome One Utama Lot Stick it on the bedside and the next wall. 345.00 LG 105 & LG 106, Lower Open it before sleep to achieve the motion Ground Floor. sensor during the sleep time.

60mm Yeelight Smart LED Motion Sensor L-5 Light

nos

69.00 RM

L-6 IKEA ARÖD Work Lamp

nos

179.00 RM

179.00

nos

169.99 RM

169.99

nos

8.20 RM

8.20

TOTAL

582.68 RM

978.48

IKEA Cheras in Kuala Lumpur

Work lamp to be used on the study table.

dekomirrorstore in Shopee minglighting88 in Shopee

Using this LED mirror will brighten up the bathroom during the night. Act as the main light in the middle of the bathroom.

BATHROOM L-7 DEKO LED Rectangle Mirror L-8

6’’ [SIRIM] LED Downlight (Round)

B. VAC Equipment in the room Description

Item

Unit Qty

Rate (RM)

Total

Source

Note

BEDROOM E-1 E-2

KDK Regulator Ceiling Fan K15VC Daikin SMARTO Premium R32 Inventor Wall Mounted ir conditioning BATHROOM

E-3 10 inch UM Shutter Exhaust Fan

nos

TOTAL

Toong Heng Electronics Providing good ventilation in the room, Sdn Bhd located above the sleep area. Daikin Malaysia Sales & RM 2,900.00 RM 2,900.00 Located above the window. Service Sdn. Bhd. RM

200.00 RM

200.00

42.65 RM

42.65

alvis808808 in shopee

Ventilating fans keep air circulating in the bathroom to remove the bad smell.

RM 3,142.65 RM 3,142.65

Total Cost for the Room Item Description 1 Light Fixtures in the room 2 VAC Equipment in the room

RM RM TOTAL RM

Sub Total (RM) 978.48 3,142.65 4,121.13

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2. Graphical References in BQ 2.1. Light Fixtures in the room Item

References

Sources

BEDROOM L-1

Official Shopee Store (MINGLIGHTING88, 2022)

L-2

Official Shopee Store (12W LED TRACK LIGHT SET, 2022)

L-3

Official Shopee Store (LED Strip Light 5M SMD RGB 5050, 2022)

L-4

Official Lazada Store (V shape led strip profile aluminum , 2022)

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Building Science & ServicesBLD62304 L-5 Aihome One Utama 1 Utama Shopping Centre, Lot LG 105 & LG 106, Lower Ground, 1, Lebuh Bandar Utama, 47800 Petaling Jaya, Selangor

L-6 IKEA Cheras 2A, Jalan Cochrane, Maluri, 55100 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur

BATHROOM L-7

Official Shopee Store (DEKO LED Rectangle Mirror, 2022)

L-8

Official Shopee Store (MINGLIGHTING88, 2022)

Because all of the light fixtures are lightweight and simple to deliver, they are mainly purchased from online stores (such as Shopee and Lazada). People will find it quite useful. Plus, Shopee is one of Malaysia's most reputable online shopping app/ website.

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2.2. Vac Equipment in the room Item

References

Sources

BEDROOM E-1

Toong Heng Electronics Sdn Bhd. 10 & 12G, Jalan SS 24/13 & Jalan SS 24/12, Taman Megah, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor

E-2

Daikin Malaysia Sales & Service Sdn. Bhd. 9, Jalan 13/6, Seksyen 13, 46200 Petaling Jaya, Selangor

BATHROOM E-3

Official Shopee Store (UM Shutter Exhaust Fan, 2022)

Most of the Vac equipment are buy through store, because it required technical installation, so it will need the technician help. And also, the vac equipment are too big and heavy to using online shipping.

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4900 3600

4100

1700

1300

A/C

2400

H F A H

A/C A

4900 3600

1700

1300

4100

A/C A/C

2400

H F A

F A

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4. 4.1.

3D Perspective Bedroom (Sleep Area, study area, wardrobe, Tv)

Figure 4.1. Perspective view of bedroom, with study, closet, and sleep area

Figure 4.2. Perspective view of overall bedroom

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Figure 4.3. Perspective view of study area

Figure 4.4. Perspective view of the tv cabinet

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4.2.

Bathroom

Figure 4.5. Perspective view of bathroom basin area

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Conclusion: In conclusion, after I wrote this report, I realised how critical it is to create a human comfort zone for everyone. When people are uncomfortable with their thermal environment, it not only poses a health risk, but it also affects their capability to work successfully and their job satisfaction. The sizing and design of vac equipment ensures that sufficient interior ventilation is achieved. It is also important to examine the surrounding noise. The amount and type of noise in a space can have a detrimental impact on comfort. Excessive noise or disruption, such as in this master bedroom design, can have a negative impact on one's health or quality of life. I replaced the ceiling fan and air conditioner's old fittings. Why? It's because it's old, and it always creates noise, which will disrupt with user attention in the interior, and also one's sleeping quality. In this report, I have included a lot of calculations for the replacement of light fixtures and vac equipment. Its purpose is to guarantee that the replaced fixture/equipment provides benefits while also saving the customer money on the design. At the design consultation it can be explained to the customer the reason for the change and the extra functions of the new fixtures/equipment.

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I NDOORCOMFORT DESI GN AND ‘ I NVENT I ON’ Forpr oj ect2,we need t os t udy and cal cul at et he heat t r ans f err at e off ourwal l sf ort he s el ect ed r oom.Asa r es ul t oft he cal cul at i on,we wi l lhave t he hi ghes theatt r ans f er r at e. Wi t ht hi s cal cul at i on evi dence, we wer e abl e t o des i gn a panelf ort he wal li n or dert or educe t he heat t r ans f err at ei na s pace.

Taylor's University Malaysia BACHELOR IN INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE (SEMESTER 3)

SUBMISSION DATE: 15th July 2022

BLD62304 BUILDING SCIENCE AND SERVICES

ASSIGNMENT 2 - INDOOR COMFORT DESIGN AND ‘INVENTION’ 02a: Recording and measurement of 4 facings of external walls of chosen room 02b: Passive/Green Insulation Product Development

PROJECT LOCATION: No.XX, JALAN PJS 9/14,47500 BANDAR SUNWAY. PREPARE BY: GRACE WONG JING YEE STUDENT NO.: 0353138 PREPARED FOR MS SHARON THE AI PING

Table of content:

Page

SECTION A: EXISTING ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION

1. Existing Analysis 1.1.

Introduction of Room Window Direction

1.2.

Room Wall layout

1 2-4

1.2.1. Wall 1

1.2.2. Wall 2

1.2.3. Wall 3

1.2.4. Wall 4

1.3.

Temperature

1.3.1. Indoor Temperature

1.3.2. Outdoor Temperature

1.3.3. Other Spaces Temperature

1.4.

Heat Transfer Rate Calculation

1.4.1. Sketch of Bedroom Wall

9-10 11-12

1.4.2. Wall 1 Calculation Exterior

13-15

1.4.2.2.

Shared Bathroom

16-18

1.4.3. Wall 2 Calculation

19-20

1.4.4. Wall 3 Calculation

21-23

1.4.5. Wall 4 Calculation

24-25

1.5.

1.4.2.1.

List of Calculations

SECTION B: PASSIVE/GREEN INSULATION PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

2. Current Issue & Solution 2.1.

Issue of Selection Wall 1

2.2.

Solution

3. Design Thinking

3.1.

Sketch of Idea

3.2.

Prototype Model

3.2.1. Overall Model

3.2.2. Additional Function 3.3.

Finalize

3.3.1. Technical Drawings

32-33 34 35-37

3.3.2. Material Selection

3.3.3. Joinery Method

4. Model Making Process 4.1.

Introduction of Laser cut

4.2.

Tools & Machine

4.3.

Making Process

4.3.1. Laser Cut

4.3.2. Wood Making

43-47

4.3.3. Finishes Process

48-50

4.4.

Final Outcome

5. Appendix

5.1.

Total Cost

5.2.

Original Sketches

5.3.

Problems faced during making process

5.4.

Receipts & Costing Evidence

5.5.

Financial Value of Design Idea

52 53-56 57 58-59 60

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SECTION A: EXISTING ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION 1. Existing Analysis 1.1. Introduction of room window direction

Figure 1. The compass shows the room is facing the Southeast direction

Figure 2. The window in the bedroom

The chosen site is the medium-sized bedroom on the first level of a double-story terrace house. The direction of the window is shown in Figure 1 to be Southeast. Because the sunrays will flow in during the afternoon, which is the hottest time of the day, this window position is considered as a terrible direction for a bedroom. This direction receives the most direct sunshine and is the brightest during the day. This can occasionally cause an interior space's temperature to rise.

Figure 3 shows the flow of sun rays over a whole day. The sun rises and sets in the east and west, respectively. This implies that the sun will reach the horizon in the afternoon in a southerly direction, and this will be the hottest time. Furthermore, if the window is facing nearly south, the sunrays will shine directly into the room via the window.

Figure 3. The diagram shows the sun path direction

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1.2.

Room wall layout

Neighbour

Outdoor

Staircase

Living hall Shared Bathroom Bedroom 2

Figure 4. The neighbour beside the bedroom

Figure 4 showing all the the neighbourhood surrounding the chosen bedroom. Wall 1 is facing northeast, and it is also the only window in the bedroom (As shown in Figure 5 in the next page). During the afternoon, it allows the direct sun to shine into the room, which will make the interior space hotter at the time. Wall 1 is also connected with The shared bathroom (As shown in Figure 6 in the next page) it is facing the same direction as the bedroom window, so during the afternoon, the bathroom will also get hot, because of the sunrays.

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Figure 5. Wall 1 with the only window and door that connected with shared bathroom

Figure 6. Shared bathroom

Moreover, wall 2 is connected to the next-door neighbour. The next door neighbour is with a family, but beside my room is their smaller son, so I think the air conditioner temperature should be lower. Wall 3 is connect to an open space with a small living hall (As shown in Figure 7) and a staircase for going down to the ground floor (Figure 8).

Figure 7. The open space of small living hall

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Figure 8. The staircase that can go to ground floor

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Lastly, the wall 4 is attached to bedroom 2 (As shown in Figure 9), which the bedroom is linked with the shared bathroom together. Bedroom 2 is similar in layout to the chosen bedroom, so there should not be much more difference in temperature between these two bedrooms, but it is living with another guy, so he might need a cooler air conditioner temperature in his room.

The chosen bedroom door

Figure 9. The next door bedroom 2

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1.2.1. Wall 1

Figure 10. Wall 1 of bedroom

Figure 11. Elevation wall 01

In the Figure 10 shows that wall 1 of the bedroom consist one window that facing towards the exterior. While the another door is linked to the shared bathroom with the other room.

1.2.2. Wall 2

Figure 12. Wall 2 of bedroom

Figure 13. Elevation wall 02

Wall two is just a typical wall with no opening and door, it is connecting with the next door neighbour wall.

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1.2.3. Wall 3

Figure 14. Wall 3 of bedroom

Figure 15. Elevation wall 03

Figure 14 shows the wall 3 of bedroom consists a door that is linked with the interior of the terrace house, to the living hall and the staircase that can go down to the ground level.

1.2.4. Wall 4

Figure 16. Wall 4 of bedroom

Figure 17. Elevation wall 04

Same as the wall 2, the wall 4 is also a wall with no any opening window and door, it is connecting with another bedroom in the same house.

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1.3. Temperature 1.3.1. Indoor Temperature

Figure 18. Indoor temperature of bedroom

Indoor temperature of the air conditioner bedroom is set up to 24°C (Shown in Figure 18), it is a suitable temperature to provides coolness and comfortability to the people in the bedroom. It feels comfortable to a person when they are wearing typical indoor clothing. But human comfort can extend beyond this range depending on humidity, air circulation and other factors.

1.3.2.

Outdoor Temperature

Calculate by 14th May 2022 on 7am, 12pm and 5pm (Shown in Figure 19 below). By using temperature mobile app, it might have slightly different due to different weather of the day.

Figure 19. Temperature Measured in 3 different period of the day

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1.3.3. Other Spaces Temperature

Neighbour

7am = 20°C 12pm =20°C 5pm = 22°C

Outdoor

Staircase

7am = 22°C 12pm = 28°C 5pm = 25°C

7am = 25°C 12pm = 26°C 5pm = 22°C

Living hall

Shared Bathroom

Bedroom 2

7am = 20°C 12pm = 23°C 5pm = 22°C

7am = 25°C 12pm = 26°C 5pm = 22°C

Figure 20. Temperature surrounding the bedroom

The other spaces are estimate temperature, as shown in Figure 20, shared bathroom temperature is adjusted by follow the outdoor temperature, because it does not have any exhaust fan/ air conditioner, so it will be affected by the outdoor temperature. While the next door neighbour is a teenager so it should be very low temperature air conditioner compared with the chosen room temperature. The staircase and living hall is indoor temperature. Bedroom 2 is my housemate, he usually opens his air conditioner and keep changing every single time when he feels hot, but he will open very cold around 5pm because he has the habits of napping in the time around 4-5pm.

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1.4.

Heat Transfer Rate Calculation

R-value Units the R-value is the measurement of a material's capacity to resist heat flow from one side to the other. In simple terms, R-values measure the effectiveness of insulation and a higher number represents more effective insulation.

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1.4.1. Sketch of Bedroom Wall

WALL 2 WALL 1

WALL 3

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WALL 4

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Axonometric Drawing of chosen bedroom The axonometric view of the bedroom wall, which in Figure 21 shown all the exploded view of all of the four wall.

Figure 21. Axonometric Drawing of wall

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Indoor Temperature = 75F (24°C) Outdoor Temperature: 7am = 78F (26°C) 12pm = 90F (32°C) 5pm = 77F (25°C)

Q= Heat transfer rate T= Temperature different A= Area of wall R= Heat resistant of wall (Material/thickness) Q=(AT)/R

1.4.2. Wall 1 Calculation

Figure 22. Sketch drawing of Wall 1

The calculation of wall 1 is divided into two sections (As shown in Figure 22) because the right side of the wall is facing towards the exterior, while the door is linked to the shared bathroom, so it is affected by different temperatures. It has been divided into two calculations: exterior & shared bathroom.

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1.4.2.1.

Exterior

R-Value refer back to page 10 Brick wall

4’’ ÷ 0.8 = 0.2 per inch of brick wall Window

Area Area of window = 0.4ft x 5.6ft = 2.24 ft2 Area of wall = (5.6ft x 9.5ft) – A of window = 53.2 ft2 – 2.24 ft2 = 50.96 ft2

Heat Resistant Heat Resistant of brick wall (R) = Brick wall R x thickness of wall (inch) = 0.2 x 11.8 inch =2.36 R Heat Resistant of 3-layer window (R) = Exterior Air film R1 + 1/2 inch Glazing R2 + Internal film R3 = 0.17 + [(1/2 ÷ 1/4) x 0.91] + 0.68 = 1.82 R

Morning 7am Temperature different = 7am outdoor temperature – Bedroom temperature = 78F – 75F = 3 Fahrenheit Heat Transfer Rate of brick wall (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (50.96 ft2 x 3F) ÷ 2.36 R = 152.9 ÷ 2.36 = 64.8 BTU/hr Heat Transfer Rate of 3-layer window (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (2.24 ft2 x 3F) ÷ 1.82 R = 6.72 ÷ 1.82 = 3.7 BTU/hr

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Total Heat Transfer (Q) = Q wall + Q window = 64.8 BTU/hr + 3.7 BTU/hr = 68.5 BTU/hr

Afternoon 12pm Temperature different = 12pm outdoor temperature – Bedroom temperature = 90F – 75F = 15 Fahrenheit Heat Transfer Rate of brick wall (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (50.96 ft2 x 15F) ÷ 2.36 R = 764.4 ÷ 2.36 = 323.9 BTU/hr Heat Transfer Rate of 3-layer window (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (2.24 ft2 x 15F) ÷ 1.82 R = 33.6 ÷ 1.82 = 18.5 BTU/hr Total Heat Transfer (Q) = Q wall + Q window = 323.9 BTU/hr + 18.5 BTU/hr = 342.4 BTU/hr

Evening 5pm Temperature different = 12pm outdoor temperature – Bedroom temperature = 77F – 75F = 2 Fahrenheit Heat Transfer Rate of brick wall (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (50.96 ft2 x 2F) ÷ 2.36 R = 101.92 ÷ 2.36 = 43.2 BTU/hr Heat Transfer Rate of 3-layer window (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (2.24 ft2 x 2F) ÷ 1.82 R = 4.48 ÷ 1.82 = 2.5 BTU/hr Total Heat Transfer (Q) = Q wall + Q window = 43.2 BTU/hr + 2.5 BTU/hr = 45.7 BTU/hr

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Indoor Temperature = 75F (24°C) Shared Bathroom Temperature: 7am = 72F (22°C) 12pm = 82F (28°C) 5pm = 77F (25°C)

1.4.2.2.

Shared Bathroom

R-Value refer back to page 10 Brick wall

4’’ ÷ 0.8 = 0.2 per inch of brick wall

Plywood Bathroom door

Area i. Area of door = 7ft x 2.6ft = 18.2 ft2 ii. Area of wall = 3.8ft x 9.5ft – Area of door = 36.1 ft2 – 18.2 ft2 = 17.9 ft2

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Heat Resistant i. Heat Resistant of brick wall (R) = Brick wall R x thickness of wall (inch) = 0.2 x 11.8 inch = 2.36 R ii. Heat Resistant of Plywood door (R) = 1/2 inch Plyw R1 + 1 inch Air R2 + 0.7 inch Plyw R3 = 0.62 + 1 + [(0.7 ÷ 1) x 1.25] = 1.62 + 0.875 =2.5 R

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Morning 7am Temperature different = Bedroom temperature – Shared bathroom temperature = 75F – 72F = 3 Fahrenheit Heat Transfer Rate of brick wall (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (17.9 ft2 x 3F) ÷ 2.36 R = 53.7 ÷ 2.36 = 22.75 BTU/hr Heat Transfer Rate of Plywood door (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (18.2 ft2 x 3F) ÷ 2.5 R = 54.6 ÷ 2.5 = 21.8 BTU/hr Total Heat Transfer (Q) = Q wall + Q door = 22.75 BTU/hr + 21.8 BTU/hr = 44.55 BTU/hr

Afternoon 12pm Temperature different = Shared bathroom temperature – Bedroom temperature = 82F – 75F = 7 Fahrenheit Heat Transfer Rate of brick wall (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (17.9 ft2 x 7F) ÷ 2.36 R = 125.3 ÷ 2.36 = 53 BTU/hr Heat Transfer Rate of Plywood door (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (18.2 ft2 x 7F) ÷ 2.5 R = 127.4 ÷ 2.5 = 50.96 BTU/hr Total Heat Transfer (Q) = Q wall + Q door = 53 BTU/hr + 50.96 BTU/hr = 103.96 BTU/hr

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Evening 5pm Temperature different = Shared bathroom temperature – Bedroom temperature = 77F – 75F = 2 Fahrenheit Heat Transfer Rate of brick wall (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (17.9 ft2 x 2F) ÷ 2.36 R = 35.8 ÷ 2.36 = 15.2 BTU/hr Heat Transfer Rate of Plywood door (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (18.2 ft2 x 2F) ÷ 2.5 R = 36.4 ÷ 2.5 = 14.56 BTU/hr Total Heat Transfer (Q) = Q wall + Q door = 15.2 BTU/hr + 14.56 BTU/hr = 29.76 BTU/hr

Total Heat Transfer (Q) of wall 1 Morning 7am = 68.5 BTU/hr + 44.55 BTU/hr = 113.05 BTU/hr Afternoon 12pm = 342.4 BTU/hr + 103.96 BTU/hr = 446.36 BTU/hr Evening 5pm = 45.7 BTU/hr + 29.76 BTU/hr = 75.46 BTU/hr

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Indoor Temperature = 75F (24°C) Neighbour Temperature: 7am = 68F (20°C) 12pm = 68F (20°C) 5pm = 72F (22°C)

1.4.3. Wall 2 Calculation

Figure 23. Sketch drawing of Wall 2

R-Value refer back to page 10 Brick wall

4’’ ÷ 0.8 = 0.2 per inch of brick wall Area i. Area of wall = 9.5ft x 10ft = 95 ft2

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Heat Resistant i. Heat Resistant of brick wall (R) = Brick wall R x thickness of wall (inch) = 0.2 x 11.8 inch = 2.36 R

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Morning 7am Temperature different = Bedroom temperature – Neighbour temperature = 75F – 68F = 7 Fahrenheit Total Heat Transfer Rate of brick wall (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (95 ft2 x 7F) ÷ 2.36 R = 665 ÷ 2.36 = 281.8 BTU/hr

Afternoon 12pm Temperature different = Bedroom temperature – Neighbour temperature = 75F – 68F = 7 Fahrenheit Total Heat Transfer Rate of brick wall (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (95 ft2 x 7F) ÷ 2.36 R = 665 ÷ 2.36 = 281.8 BTU/hr

Evening 5pm Temperature different = Bedroom temperature – Neighbour temperature = 75F – 72F = 3 Fahrenheit Total Heat Transfer Rate of brick wall (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (95 ft2 x 3F) ÷ 2.36 R = 285 ÷ 2.36 = 120.8 BTU/hr

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Indoor Temperature = 75F (24°C) Living hall & Staircase Temperature: 7am = 77F (25°C) 12pm = 78F (26°C) 5pm = 72F (22°C)

1.4.4. Wall 3 Calculation

Figure 24. Sketch drawing of Wall 3

R-Value refer back to page 10 Brick wall

4’’ ÷ 0.8 = 0.2 per inch of brick wall Solid wood bedroom door

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Area i. Area of door = 7ft x 3.4ft = 23.8 ft2 ii. Area of wall = 11ft x 9.5ft – Area of door = 104.5 ft2 – 23.8 ft2 = 80.7 ft2

Heat Resistant i. Heat Resistant of brick wall (R) = Brick wall R x thickness of wall (inch) = 0.2 x 7.9 inch = 1.58 R ii. Heat Resistant of Solid wood door (R) (2 inch of solid wood door) = (2 ÷ 1.75) x 2.17 = 1.14 x 2.17 =2.5 R

Morning 7am Temperature different = Living hall & Staircase Temperature – Bedroom temperature = 77F – 75F = 2 Fahrenheit Heat Transfer Rate of brick wall (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (80.7 ft2 x 2F) ÷ 1.58 R = 161.4 ÷ 1.58 = 102 BTU/hr Heat Transfer Rate of Solid wood door (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (23.8 ft2 x 2F) ÷ 2.5 R = 47.6 ÷ 2.5 = 19 BTU/hr Total Heat Transfer (Q) = Q wall + Q door = 102 BTU/hr + 19 BTU/hr = 121 BTU/hr

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Afternoon 12pm Temperature different = Living hall & Staircase Temperature – Bedroom temperature = 78F – 75F = 3 Fahrenheit Heat Transfer Rate of brick wall (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (80.7 ft2 x 3F) ÷ 1.58 R = 242.1 ÷ 1.58 = 153.2 BTU/hr Heat Transfer Rate of Solid wood door (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (23.8 ft2 x 3F) ÷ 2.5 R = 71.4 ÷ 2.5 = 28.56 BTU/hr Total Heat Transfer (Q) = Q wall + Q door = 153.2 BTU/hr + 28.56 BTU/hr = 181.76 BTU/hr

Evening 5pm Temperature different = Bedroom temperature – Living hall & Staircase Temperature = 75F – 72F = 3 Fahrenheit Heat Transfer Rate of brick wall (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (80.7 ft2 x 3F) ÷ 1.58 R = 242.1 ÷ 1.58 = 153.2 BTU/hr Heat Transfer Rate of Solid wood door (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (23.8 ft2 x 3F) ÷ 2.5 R = 71.4 ÷ 2.5 = 28.56 BTU/hr Total Heat Transfer (Q) = Q wall + Q door = 153.2 BTU/hr + 28.56 BTU/hr = 181.76 BTU/hr

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Indoor Temperature = 75F (24°C) Bedroom 2 Temperature: 7am = 68F (20°C) 12pm = 73F (23°C) 5pm = 72F (22°C)

1.4.5. Wall 4 Calculation

Figure 25. Sketch drawing of Wall 4

R-Value refer back to page 10 Brick wall

4’’ ÷ 0.8 = 0.2 per inch of brick wall Area i. Area of wall = 9.5ft x 10ft = 95 ft2

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Heat Resistant i. Heat Resistant of brick wall (R) = Brick wall R x thickness of wall (inch) = 0.2 x 7.9 inch = 1.58 R

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Morning 7am Temperature different = Bedroom temperature – Bedroom 2 temperature = 75F – 68F = 7 Fahrenheit Total Heat Transfer Rate of brick wall (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (95 ft2 x 7F) ÷ 1.58 R = 665 ÷ 1.58 = 421 BTU/hr

Afternoon 12pm Temperature different = Bedroom temperature – Bedroom 2 temperature = 75F – 73F = 2 Fahrenheit Total Heat Transfer Rate of brick wall (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (95 ft2 x 2F) ÷ 1.58 R = 190 ÷ 1.58 = 120 BTU/hr

Evening 5pm Temperature different = Bedroom temperature – Bedroom 2 temperature = 75F – 72F = 3 Fahrenheit Total Heat Transfer Rate of brick wall (Q) = (AT) ÷ R = (95 ft2 x 3F) ÷ 1.58 R = 285 ÷ 1.58 = 180 BTU/hr

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1.5.

List of calculations Wall 1 Period of time

Heat transfer rate (BTU/hr)

7am Morning

113.05 BTU/hr

12pm Afternoon

446.36 BTU/hr

5pm Evening

75.46 BTU/hr Wall 2

Period of time

Heat transfer rate (BTU/hr)

7am Morning

281.8 BTU/hr

12pm Afternoon

281.8 BTU/hr

5pm Evening

120.8 BTU/hr Wall 3

Period of time

Heat transfer rate (BTU/hr)

7am Morning

121 BTU/hr

12pm Afternoon

181.76 BTU/hr

5pm Evening

181.76 BTU/hr Wall 4

Period of time

Heat transfer rate (BTU/hr)

7am Morning

421 BTU/hr

12pm Afternoon

120 BTU/hr

5pm Evening

180 BTU/hr

According to the calculations, Wall 1 has the highest rate of heat transfer throughout the afternoon at 12pm. I believe that is due to the temperature and weather outside. Despite the fact that the wall thickness is 300 mm, which is considered a sufficient exterior wall thickness, it nevertheless conducts heat more than the entire wall. As a result, Wall 1 will be the chosen wall for the solution's following stage. GRACE WONG JING YEE 0353138

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SECTION B: PASSIVE/GREEN INSULATION PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT 2. Current Issue & Solution 2.1. Issue of Selection Wall 1

Figure 26. Selected Wall in bedroom

Continuing from Part A, it is determined that the heat transmission rate of wall 1 is the greatest, because of the wall having an opening window. But here are still consist of other issue other than the heat; it's about the traffic noise. Because the house is situated next to the LDP highway (as shown in Figure 27), you can hear cars or motorcycles driving even when you closed the window. On a daily basis, millions of individuals are Figure 27. Location of the house affected by noise pollution. Loud sounds can also lead to high blood pressure, heart disease, sleep problems, and stress. This leads to an unhealthy way of living. It will have an effect on sleeping quality even at night. Apart from that, as shown in Figure 26, the window curtain offers two distinct levels of covering. The left side of the curtain completely blocks light sources, however the right side of the curtain does not, especially during sleep. Because light from the outside will still enter the room, it will have an impact on sleeping quality.

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2.2.

Solution

ISSUE OF WALL 1: - Heat transfer - Noise - Light By solving the issue that stated, I have an idea of designing a temporary design panel to cover the window when needed. The reason for having it temporary is that the house is rented, so it cannot have the permanent item that attaches to any of the walls or ceilings. Another reason is that it can be easily removed while not in use.

Figure 28. Sliding idea of panel

Figure 29. Folding idea of panel

The initial idea of design is that something can be expanded and something can be stored, with something sliding (As shown in Figure 28 above) or folding panelling (As shown in Figure 29 above). By having these, the heat, noise & light source can be decreased. It will be proven by the calculations and the image at the end of this project.

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3. Design Thinking The elevation view of the selection wall

Figure 30. The elevation view of the chosen wall

The window, which is shown in Figure 30 above, is the main focus of the wall. The design is mostly for windows in order to improve the level of interior comfort. We'll concentrate on the insulating properties of sound, heat, and sunshine in this section. So, on the next page, I'll show you a design drawing of the concept. Will need to also take in consider about to suit overall user in the market.

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3.1.

Sketch of idea

Figure 31. Design sketches

The Sketches above Figure 31 illustrate the concept idea design developments, from inspiration to multi-function panels. The design is based on the window in my current bedroom, but the size of the panel may be added and modified to fit everyone's needs. The close and open concept allows the user to close anytime they feel uncomfortable, making it easier to operate the panel than closing the multiples panel.

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3.2. Prototype Model 3.2.1. Overall Model (Scale 1:100)

Figure 32. Prototype model by scale 1:100

The prototype model shown in Figure 32 was built at a size of 1:100, the making material is using craft board and some foam board. The purpose to have the prototype model is the demonstrate the design before making a 1:1 real model. It can ensure the possibility of the successful design. For this stage, I can see what is the problem in, what can I do to make the design more stable & safe at the same time, but for my prototype I think it is well to proceed onto next stage.

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3.2.2. Additional function

Figure 33. The additional platform that can be added

Figure 34. After done slot in the panel, it forms a small table to allow people to put small things on it

When it comes to the multiple holes, there are some functions. They can hold tiny items when needed, but if you don't wish to use them, they may be removed. The purpose of having this feature is to make things flow as smoothly and quickly as possible. It is incredibly convenient since people can rapidly install and uninstall stuff.

Look up to the small thing on the additional platform/shelf. The shelf's support system is designed to keep the shelf from falling out of the hole.

Figure 35. The underneath support to ensure the shelf is stable enough to put something GRACE WONG JING YEE 0353138

Figure 36. The image example from the support of shelve

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The close and open holes

Figure 37. The opening hole that allow sun ray to be shine through

Figure 38. The panel suit the hole, and close firmly to the hole

The hole is cut by laser cut, in order to achieve a neat and clean cut shape, so that the shape that is cut off doesn’t waste away; it can still be used to close the hole.

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3.3. Finalize 3.3.1. Technical Drawings

LIST OF DRAWINGS Drawing Main design drawing Additional function Exploded Axonometric View

Page 35 36 37

Next page will be showing the Technical drawings of the design.

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600

12MM THICKNESS PLYWOOD (DOUBLE LAYER)

1140

5MM THICKNESS PLYWOOD W/ LASER CUT

480

2100

500

THE CUT OFF SHAPE 5MM THICKNESS PLYWOOD W/ LASER CUT

1140

1160

780

480

5MM THICKNESS PLYWOOD BACKING

600

‘

’ 35

460

5MM THICKNESS PLYWOOD

140

120

5MM THICKNESS PLYWOOD

62 5MM THICKNESS PLYWOOD

5MM THICKNESS PLYWOOD

‘

’ 36

‘

’ 37

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3.3.2. Material Selection

PLYWOOD 5MM THK

PLYWOOD 12MM THK

Figure 39. Material selection for the model.

The material selection will just be plywood, because it is easier to get and it comes with many different thickness.

MATERIAL Plywood

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REMARK Use for the entire project making

SIZE

PROPERTIES

12mm (1 nos) • It is very strong and the - (700x2100) mm thinner cuts are easy to work with surface 5mm (4 nos) • Plywood comes in several - (600x1200) mm standard thicknesses • 5mm thickness of plywood can work very good and fast cutting • Chemical resistance

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3.3.3. Joinery Method JOINERY METHOD Miter Wood joint

CHARACTERISTICS

 

A miter wood joint is a joint made by cutting each of two parts to be joined Usually at a 45° angle, to form a corner.



It can comprise any angle greater than 0 degrees.

 

Easy to Apply. Very strong edge grain to edge grain connections on wood. Certain varieties are waterproof and can be used outdoors.

Glue joint



Water cleanup.



  

Speed Up the Construction Process. If you want to get the job done faster, a nail gun is the best solution Keep Your Workers Safe No Need to Carry Nails More Power and Strength



Complete Jobs with Accuracy

   

Screws have more holding power Rust Resistant Many Different Sizes & Shapes Easy to Remove



Can be reuse

Nail gun joint

Screw

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4. Model Making Process 4.1. Introduction of Laser Cut

Figure 40. Laser cut method of wood

Laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to slice materials. It is usually used to cut very detailed work. For example, a curvy or small shape (as shown in Figure 40), can be cut very fast for design purposes, which at the same time does save time for model making. The design always comes with a 2D drawing, after which it is imported to the machine to start cutting.

Process of using Laser cutting:

Figure 41. To confirm the size and type of design in laptop before upload to machine

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Figure 42. Placing the material on the machine before start doing the laser cutting

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4.2.

Tools & Machine

Table saw machine

Nail gun

Wood Filler

Orbital sander

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Cordless drill

Laser Cut Machine

Wood glue

Paint roller

Circular saw

F clamps

Sand Paper

Paint brush

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4.3. Making process 4.3.1. Laser Cut 1

Figure 41. To confirm the size and type of design in laptop before upload to machine

Figure 42. Placing the material on the machine before start doing the laser cutting

Prepare the drawings (shown Figure 41) that needed to laser cut, at the same time the material (5mm plywood) should also be prepared so that can cut directly (Figure 42). The drawings will be upload to the machine and cut accordingly to the size and shape.

Figure 43. After done the laser cut, collect all the cut off piece to other purpose.

Done the laser cut, collect all the cut of shape to use in the additional function to create the close panel. (Refer back to the page 33) for the open and close hole.

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4.3.2. Wood Making 1 I usually check and look back to the AutoCAD designs of my model size before starting to cut the wood sections. I double-check my measurements and list it out before wood cutting to reduce measuring errors.

Figure 44. The note that list out all the wood sizes

Cut the wood using a table saw.

After the cut, use wood glue and joint the wood parts together to increase the wood thickness. Here I will be using F clamps to clamp and give pressure to the glue joints. This will leave it over night to let the glue dry. Figure 45. Use wood glue to join the wood parts, and clamp them overnight

3 The next day, I will remove the F clamps. I start by cutting the wood parts at a 45-degree angle using a circular saw machine to achieve the mitered wood joint. In Figure 46, you can see the angle of the saw being set for an accurate and perfect cut.

Figure 46. Circular Saw machine is setting the degree for accurate cut GRACE WONG JING YEE 0353138

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4 After I finished all the cuts, I use sand paper & orbital sanding machine to sand all the wood parts. In Figure 47, the wood parts are being held and fixed so that they won't keep moving during the sanding process. Sanding makes wood feel smoother and reduces the accidents that happen.

Figure 47. Wood is fixed on the table to hold the wood

I try to put up and assemble all the parts before I start to join them all. After confirmation, I join all the parts by using wood glue first, and the nail gun comes after the wood glue. (This is to have a double joint in order to achieve a strong wood joint so that it won't drop easily.)

Figure 48. Assemble all the wood parts and check on the measurements

Before I screw the hinge onto the frame, I measure and mark the distance between the two frames (As shown in Figure 49). This is to make sure the location of the hinge is correct in between the two frames.

Figure 49. Start to install the lift-off hinge to the frame GRACE WONG JING YEE 0353138

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7 8 Screw the hinge by using cordless drill and screw, but just screw some of them so that I can try to make them up and see if it can work when it stands up. After checking, then only screw all of them tightly.

Figure 50. Screw half way to make sure it can work

8 8

Done for the frame and the folding hinge onto the frame. It is very stable and good when it stands. (As shown in Figure 51)

Figure 51. After screw the hinge, try to make it stand up

9 8 The next step is to fit the 5mm laser cut panel into the frame. Again using the wood glue to stick the panel into the frame.

Figure 52. Assemble the laser cut panel onto the frame

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An addition to a few nail guns to give double protection and strength to the frame and panel itself.

Figure 53. Use nail gun to nail the frame and panel together

Measure and make a mark for the placement to ensure there will be no different height for the two handles. This step is before I glue them onto the wood panel.

Figure 54. Adding handle for the panel for easier opening

Use wood glue to stick the handle (Shown in Figure 55).

Figure 55. Using wood glue to glue the handle

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The overall main design is done! The next step is the finishes and colour part of this design.

Figure 56. The complete wood work of the model

Three Colour Choice for the design 1 2

By having various colour can allow customer to choose on the colour tone that they want.

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4.3.3. Finishes Process 1

Figure 57. The wood filling process of the wood before finishes

At this part, I'm going to use the wood filler to fill up the hole left by the nail gun (as shown in Figure 57). It will give the model a smooth surface. After the wood filler has dried, it may be sanded to create a smooth, new-looking surface. Wood filler used to fill nicks, scratches and gouges in unfinished furniture.

Use a lower grade sandpaper to sand the surface of the wood filling in order to achieve a smooth and nice surface at the end of the painting/spraying process. (As shown in Figure 58)

Figure 58. Sand the filler part of the hole

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Figure 59. spray the white paint according one of the colour guide

The method of finishing will be colour paint of orange and another white colour, which is the aerosol spray. (As shown in Figure 59)

After the first layer dries, I sand the surface of the spray paint before applying another layer (As shown in Figure 60). Sanding after applying the first layer should help keep the surface as smooth and flat as possible, eliminating brush marks or extra little globs. After the sanding process, I can proceed to the next layer of paint.

Figure 60. Sanding process after apply the first layer of the spray paint.

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Finally, the other finish is using the orangecolored paint. It uses the paint roller (Shown in Figure 61) in order to make the work quick. 1 layer takes for about 1-2 hour to dry up. The paint needs to be applied in 2 layers to make the colour nice-looking. So the total time would be round 4-5 hours for this stage of finishes.

Figure 61. Using roller paint to paint the orange paint

The finishes part is done!

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4.4.

Final Outcome

Additional Function

Open Front View

Blow Up View

The View when the hole is closed Rear View of closing panel

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5. Appendix 5.1. Total Cost No.

Material

Quantity

Unit price (RM)

Amount (RM)

12mm Plywood

126.00

5mm Plywood

20.93

87.92

80 x 50 mm Lift-off Hinge

3.90

1L Kansai Paint

40.00

Color Spray Paint

6.80

20.40 Total

278.22

Labour cost 1 people x hour x RM per hour 1 x 8-hour x 10 = RM 80 Overhead cost No.

Overhead

Cost (RM)

Water

3.00

Electricity

10.00 Total

13.00

Total project cost Material cost + labour cost + overhead cost RM 278.22 + RM 80.00 + RM 13.00 = RM371.22 (Not include profit) Total price RM 371.22 x 25% = RM 92.80 RM 371.22 + RM 92.80 = RM 373.60 (for 1 unit) = RM 465.00 (Including Profit 20%)

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5.3.

Problems faced during making process

Install the wrong direction of lift-off hinge, it cannot open because of wrong direction.

The small pieces of shape need to stick oneby-one which it is time wasted

The closing panel cannot fit in so it has to use planer to slide the wood side, in order to make the wood smaller.

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5.4.

Receipts & Costing Evidence

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Presentation Image

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BUI LDI NG SERVI CES DESI GN I NI NT EGRAT ED PROJECT I nt hi spr oj ect ,wewi l ldes i gnt heHVAC andl i ght i ngs ys t ems i ns i de t he des i gn s pace, t aki ng i nt o cons i der at i on t he capaci t y,qual i t y,and r equi r ement soft he s pace wi t ht he as s i s t ance ofcal cul at i ons ,j us t i f i cat i ons ,and expl anat i ons . Att he pr oj ect ' sconcl us i on,we al s o pr ovi de j us t i f i cat i onf or t he t oi l et ' sdr ai nage s ys t em and wat ers uppl ynet wor k.T o compr ehend a t oi l et ' spl umbi ng s ys t em 108

Taylor's University Malaysia BACHELOR IN INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE (SEMESTER 3)

BLD62304 BUILDING SCIENCE AND SERVICES

| FINAL PROJECT | DESIGN OF BUILDING SERVICES

SUBMISSION DATE: 4th July 2022

FINAL PROJECT – DESIGN OF BUILDING SERVICES

PROJECT LOCATION: REXKL, 80, JALAN SULTAN 50000 KUALA LUMPUR PREPARE BY: GRACE WONG JING YEE STUDENT NO.: 0353138 PREPARED FOR MS SHARON THE AI PING

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Table of content:

Page

TASK (A): SITE SELECTION & QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF INCORPORATED BUILDING SERVICES

1. Chosen Site 1.1. Introduction of Site 1.2.

Design theme & idea

1.3.

Furniture Layout Plan Design

1.3.1. Ground Floor Plan 1.3.2. Ground Mezzanine Floor Plan 1.4.

1-2 3

4-5 6

Perspective of the Space (Ground Floor)

1.4.1. Souvenir Display

1.4.2. Exhibition Area

1.4.3. Jewelry Display

1.4.4. Workshop Public Workshop

1.4.4.2.

Private Workshop

1.4.4.3.

Equipment Section

1.4.5. Wash Area

1.4.6. Pottery Kiln Room

1.4.7. Glazing Work Area

1.4.8. Seating Area

1.4.9. Cashier & Service Counter

1.4.10. Customize Area

1.4.11. Self-Wrapping Area

1.4.12. Kitchenware Display

1.5.

Perspective of the Space (Mezzanine Floor)

1.5.1. Drinking Café

1.5.2. Handmade Product Display

1.6.

110

1.4.4.1.

Fire Safety

TASK (B): DESIGNING AND JUSTIFICATION OF BUILDING SERVICES SELECTION & LOCATION

2. Electrical, lighting and VAC in the space 2.1.

Building Services design, Qualitative and quantitative justification

17-18

2.1.1. Souvenir Display

19-21

2.1.2. Exhibition Area

22-24

2.1.3. Jewelry Display & Seating Area

25-28

2.1.4. Workshop - Public Workshop & Wash Area

29-32

2.1.5. Workshop - Private Workshop

33-35

2.1.6. Workshop - Equipment Section

36-37

2.1.7. Pottery Kiln Room

38-39

2.1.8. Glazing Work Area

40-42

2.1.9. Cashier & Service Counter, Customize & Self Wrapping Area

43-45

2.1.10. Kitchenware Display

46-48

2.1.11. Drinking Café & Handmade Product Display

49-52

2.2.

Total Usage of Electricity

TASK (D): INTEGRATED BUILDING SERVICES IN DRAWINGS

3. Furniture Layout Plan 4. Reflected Ceiling Plan

54-55 56-57

TASK (C): WATER SUPPLY NETWORK & DRAINAGE OF TOILET

5. Toilet

58-59

5.1.

Toilet Plumping Network Plan

5.2.

Toilet Plumping Elevation A

CONCLUSION

111

1 UP

up150

up100

up680

4 ENTRANCE

up 150

5 UP

dp100 up680 dp100

DN DN

7 UP

112

1 UP

DN RAMP UP

4 UP

5 UP

7 UP

113

RAMP DN

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TASK (A): SITE SELECTION & QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF INCORPORATED BUILDING SERVICES

1. Chosen Site 1.1. Introduction of site

Figure 1. REXKL is the chosen site for IAD design project

REXKL has been chosen as the site. REXKL is a cultural and creative hub for the community in Downtown Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It can be found at Jalan Sultan 80, City Centre, 50000 Kuala Lumpur, Selangor. REXKL is a venue for local businesses and artists to display their wares and events. that both locals and visitors can access, experience, and enjoy the creative scene in Kuala Lumpur Looking at the existing REXKL façade design, it is both interesting and appealing.

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REXKL contain a few floors in the heritage building, while the chosen floor for design project is the Ground Floor together with the Mezzanine Floor

Figure 2. The exploded axonometric shows the chosen floor for the design process

Referring to Figure 2, exploded floors, the ground floor, and the mezzanine floor are selected for space design. I always observe the existing ground floor activities before I look at the design theme and idea of the IAD Final project. We can see that the majority of them are food and beverage establishments, but they are also mixed in with other retail commercial activity.

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1.2.

Design theme & idea in the chosen space

Figure 3. Design theme and idea of the design

The main focus is the retail design. There are also some minor spaces, which are workshops and a drinking café in the space. The reason for having some more different spaces is to enhance the space planning, adding more interesting features to attract people’s attention. It is also to provide more opportunities for local artists and events. Figure 3 shows that the space design is designed for a pottery theme interior. The main purpose of the space plan is to display and sell pottery products, so the other space functions as an additional interior space. It kind of sets off the space in retail. For example, the pottery workshop is about learning and having fun while making anything that you want.

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1.3. Furniture Layout Plan Design 1.3.1. Ground Floor Plan

Figure 4. Furniture Layout Plan of Ground Floor

By looking at this Figure 4, the layout planning is planned according to the idea of the transition of clay. The process of clay when it gets to drying is a moment exposed to the air. At the beginning of the clay, it is wet and soft. After a few mould fictions, it gets dry and cracks. So after a period of time the clay, it gets to harden and completely dry off. By the end of the space planning, it is more into the straight lines and more neatly planned. On this layout there are many spaces, so I tried to divide each of them in order to provide a clear measurement of area for each space. The main focus space is on the product display of the pottery. In the next page I will divide the space of ground floor and indicates all the area for every spaces.

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Spaces in Ground Floor SPACE

SQM (m2)

Souvenir Display Exhibition Area Jewelry Display Workshop - Public Workshop Workshop - Private Workshop Workshop - Equipment Section Wash Area Pottery Kiln Room Glazing Work Area Seating Area Toilet (Female & Male) Cashier & Service Counter Customize Area Self-Wrapping Area Customize Sample Display Kitchenware Display Decoration Display

30.5 31 10 55.5 18.6 11.8 7.1 28.6 30 14.7 15.4 20 5 15 10 51 10

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1.3.2. Ground Mezzanine Floor Plan

Figure 5. Furniture Layout Plan of Ground Mezzanine Floor

The mezzanine floor is a small amount in the overall space; it just includes the drinking café and the handmade product display area. The drinking café is more about allowing people to rest and grab a small drink or snack. The handmade product display is about the products of all the handmade pottery, so it is much more special compared with the other products of pottery in the space, so my space planning is to divide the handmade product display into the mezzanine floor.

Spaces in Ground Floor SPACE

SQM (m2)

Drinking Café Handmade Product Display

50 30

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1.4. Perspective of the space 1.4.1. Souvenir Display

Figure 6. 3D Perspective of Souvenir Display

The Souvenir Display in the space is to display and sell the souvenir products. Many people like to take a little something home with them as a reminder of their travels or journey, to show where they have been, something they can use to look back and reminisce about the fantastic experience they had during their holiday. So do it in there. The visitors and tourists can just take any of the souvenirs back with them as a memory of the event and the REXKL. The light in the souvenir serves as the light to highlight the merchandise on display, illuminating the item and giving the customer a clear view of the item. The yellow line, as seen in Figure 6's perspective, is positioned above the structure housing the souvenir display. The other area is the cashier's counter (a black circle as shown in Figure 6 above). It is lit up by the pendant light above. Customers pay for the souvenirs they want to purchase at the cashier's counter in a store. In retail-based enterprises, personal cashiers are in charge of processing and accepting payments, therefore they could require extra light at the counter. The red circle behind the cashier is just lighten up the space behind the counter, so that it won’t look so dark at the back of the cashier counter. (The light behind the counter is the red circle as shown in Figure 6). For the space capacity, it can hold for about 10 people in the space.

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1.4.2. Exhibition Area

Figure 7. 3D Perspective of Exhibition Area

The exhibition display is a space that displays pottery to the visitor. The artist can showcase and demonstrate their latest art pieces in the space. During the exhibition, the owner artist may be able to meet and connect with potential clients. An exhibition allows you to meet with a potential customer and connect with them; while some people will buy your products during the exhibition, others won’t – but they may be a lot more responsive to your sales pitch once they know you. Another thing about having this is that it also benefits the owner/artist. The exhibition also allows them to increase their brand awareness to the public. So in this space, the light required here needs more lumens because the exhibition always needs about 538 lux in the space to provide enough light for the people to see and appreciate the art pieces. In Figure 7, the red circle indicates the light above illuminates the exhibition products. It brightens up the products on the shelves, giving them a nice appearance to the visitor. For the space capacity, it can hold for about 10 people in the space.

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1.4.3. Jewelry Display

Figure 8. 3D Perspective of Jewelry Display

Jewelry Display is the display for jewelry that made up of clay, same as the souvenir display, it is also using light to lighten up the displayed merchandise, but in this part, I was planned to use track light to illuminates the jewelry. So that it will looks good. For the ceiling light, there is a geometric line lighting on top, because in here it represents the terms of cracking process of the clay, so I was trying to include the design idea in this part of the design. For the space capacity, it can hold for about 5 people in the space.

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1.4.4. Workshop 1.4.4.1. Public Workshop

Figure 9. 3D Perspective of Public Workshop

1.4.4.2.

Private Workshop

Figure 10. 3D Perspective of Private Workshop

Visitors are welcome to try their hand at making pottery at the pottery studio because it is a useful and fascinating art form that everyone should try out once. The workshop is divided into two sections because the public workshop is for drop-in customers who only want to try the class; nevertheless, the private workshop is for extended sessions that will be held on a weekly basis for pottery class students. In the workshop, this happens when making a detailed art piece, so it needs more lumens of light in order to achieve human comfort when someone is in the workshop. For the space capacity, it can hold for about 20 people in the public workshop, and 5 in private workshop. GRACE WONG JING YEE 0353138

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1.4.4.3.

Equipment Section

Figure 11. 3D Perspective of Equipment Section

The equipment section (As shown in Figure 11) is the place that stores all the equipment that is required during the pottery making process. It actually does not really need a good light in this section of space, because it doesn’t include many more activities in this space, so the light fixture in this space is just simple with a downlight and the purpose of the light is just to illuminate the space. For the space capacity, it can hold for about 2 people in the space. 1.4.5. Wash Area

Figure 12. 3D Perspective of Wash Area

The wash area (shown in Figure 12) is for visitors to the pottery workshop to wash their hands after the workshop because it is dirty and messy. I also provide the children's basin for the kids to wash their hands after the pottery workshop, it can hold for 5 people in the space. GRACE WONG JING YEE 0353138

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1.4.6. Pottery Kiln Room

Figure 13. 3D Perspective of Pottery Kiln Room

The pottery kiln room (as shown in Figure 13) is the room that fits the burning kiln machine. A kiln is a thermally insulated chamber that produces temperatures sufficient to complete some process, such as hardening, drying, or chemical changes. Kilns have been used for millennia to turn objects made from clay into pottery. Here I will also apply fire-safety design because during the process, it will create a lot of heat, it can hold for 2 people in the space. 1.4.7. Glazing Work Area

Figure 14. 3D Perspective of Glazing Work Area

Prior to the final phase of burning the pottery, the glazing work area (as depicted in Figure 14) is used to glaze and paint the pottery. It requires enough brightness in this working area to give the eye a pleasant working space. It can hold for 10 people in the space. GRACE WONG JING YEE 0353138

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1.4.8. Seating Area

Figure 15. 3D Perspective of Seating Area

The seating area that selected with red square (As shown in Figure 15) in this part is just to have some light to illuminate the area in a very comfortable way in order to create a comfortable place to let people take a seat and rest. It can hold for 10 people in the space. 1.4.9. Cashier & Service Counter

Figure 16. 3D Perspective of Cashier & Service Counter

The cashier & service counter (as shown in Figure 16) acts as the major cashier that will include all the products sold, excluding the souvenir display. So here I provided four counters for them to purchase their products to avoid being crowded. At the cashier's counter, it happens that personal cashiers are in charge of processing and accepting cash payments. Therefore, they could require more lumens of lighting at the counter and service area. GRACE WONG JING YEE 0353138

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1.4.10. Customize Area 1.4.11. Self-Wrapping Area

Figure 17. 3D Perspective of Customize & Self-wrapping area

The customize and self-wrapping areas located near the cashier and service counter are an additional service offered to visitors. The lighting in these two spaces is with general work for them to do wrapping on their fragile merchandise and make selections on the screen.

1.4.12. Kitchenware Display

Figure 18. 3D Perspective of Kitchenware Display

The lighting used for the kitchenware display area is also the same as the lumen light for retail, because in this part it is also displaying all the merchandise to the visitor.

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1.5. Perspective of the Space (Mezzanine Floor) 1.5.1. Drinking Café

Figure 19. 3D Perspective of drinking cafe

The drinking café light is with the kitchen general light, because at the counter there, the barista will need the light to make their coffee/any drinks. The seating area for the cafe is more of a relaxing, cozy space. 1.5.2. Handmade Product Display

Figure 20. 3D Perspective of Handmade Product Display

The handmade product display light is the same as the other display, it just uses the retail light to illuminate the whole space.

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1.6.

Fire Safety

Figure 21. 3D Perspective of Pottery Kiln Room

The burning kiln (As shown in Figure 23 below) will create a huge range of heat, so in this part of the planning, the glass will be made using fire-resistant glass in order to avoid any accident, and the wall of the room will be designed with an insulator, which will help to reduce the heat created by spreading out to the other space. Insulating the wall will save around 15% on heating and cooling energy. The kiln room is also designed with a gate to provide good ventilation in the room so that the heat can go out to the exterior of the room. (As shown in Figure 22).

Figure 22. Olympic Kiln - 2518HE use for burning the pottery.

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TASK (B): DESIGNING AND JUSTIFICATION OF BUILDING SERVICES SELECTION & LOCATION

2. Electrical, lighting and VAC in the space 2.1. Building Services design, Qualitative and quantitative justification A/C Sizing Calculation

Figure 23. Illustration image of calculating the a/c sizing

One type of equipment that is widely used and favored for cooling off rooms, offices, and other spaces is the air conditioner. Our market today offers a wide range of air conditioner sizes and designs. Our application and the kind of space we intend to use will determine what happens. When an air conditioner is installed, we want it to operate more effectively and have adequate cooling power to fill the space. To ensure that it is appropriate for both the size of the room and our application, we must install the proper size for the space. The air conditioner will operate continuously to cool the room if we select a smaller size. The cost of electricity will go up. However, if you go too big, the exorbitant expense of electricity will also kill you. Therefore, we must pick the proper air conditioner size.

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(A) A/C Sizing Calculation

Formula of calculation (website: https://www.electricneutron.com/air-condition/air-conditioner-sizing/) 1) Measure your room or space area (width x length). Use a metric unit for measurement (meter). Multiply with 700 to get in Btu/hr (Area) 2) Estimate occupant for this room. Multiply with 500 to get in Btu/hr (Pax) 3) Estimate the heat from electrical equipment and multiply with 3.5, Btu/hr (Heat) 4) Add all answer to get a total Btu/hr. (Area + Pax + Heat) 5) Divide Total heat (Btu/hr) with 10,000 Btu/hr (Cooling Capacity)

 The next few page will have the A/C Sizing of each of the space together with the Lighting Illuminance Levels

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2.1.1. Souvenir Display (A) A/C Sizing Calculation for Souvenir Display Area refer back to the table on page 5 Area (m2) = 30.5 m2 Btu/hr (Area) Btu/hr (Pax)

= 30.5 x 700 = 21350 Btu/hr = 10 x 500 = 5000 Btu/hr

Heat produce by Electrical Equipment (Total Power x 3.5) Name LED Downlight Pendent Light LED Light Strip

Qty (Nos) 15 3 3

Power/ unit (W) 18W 30W 14W TOTAL

Total Power (W) 270 90 42 402

Heat from Electrical equipment = 402 x 3.5 = 1407 Btu/hr

Total Btu/hr = Btu/hr (Area) + Btu/hr (Pax) + Btu/hr (Heat) = 21350 Btu/hr + 5000 Btu/hr + 1407 Btu/hr = 27757 Btu/hr

Daikin SkyAir Cassette Series - FCF-C Series (R32) Cooling Capacity = 20,500 Btu/hr A/C Sizing = Total Btu/hr ÷ Cooling Capacity = 27757 Btu/hr ÷ 20,500 Btu/hr = 2 (Horse Power)  Horse power 2 of A/C needed in the Souvenir Display to achieve the human comfort level. GRACE WONG JING YEE 0353138

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(B) Lighting Illuminance Levels for Souvenir Display Lighting specification Name LED Downlight

Qty (Nos) 15

Lumen / unit (lm) 960

Total Lumen (lm) 14400

Pendent Light

220

660

LED Light Strip

1400

4,200

TOTAL

19260

Area of Souvenir Area = 30.5 m2

Average Lux that required for the Retail display area = 600 Lux

Lux for the Souvenir space, Total Lumen ÷ Area = 19260 ÷ 30.5 = 631.47 Lux  Light in the souvenir display area is sufficient provided. GRACE WONG JING YEE 0353138

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(C) Monthly Energy Use for Souvenir Display Area The electrical usage in the souvenir display area is mainly for the lighting because there is no other electrical equipment in this area. Other than the lighting, the important thing is the A/C of the space. The cassette A/C is installed in this space to provide coolness to the space. The lighting in the souvenir display here only opened at 4pm each evening until 10pm closed because the sun started to set and it became dark in the interior. The A/C will run for the whole day, unless the weather is cool. It might be closed if it is too cold.

Equipment

Qty

Hrs per day (h)

Power /unit (kW)

Total Power (kW)

Energy Usage (kWh)

Reference (Downlight, 2022)

LED Downlight

0.018

0.27

1.62

(Light P. , 2022)

Pendent Light

0.03

0.09

0.9

(Strip, 2022)

LED Light Strip

0.014

0.042

0.252

(Daikin, 2022)

Daikin SkyAir Cassette Series - FCFC Series (R32)

6.60

Total Energy Usage Per Day

68.772 kWh

 Total Energy Usage Per Month = 68.772 x 30 day = 2063.16 kWh / month

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2.1.2. Exhibition Area (A) A/C Sizing Calculation for Exhibition Area Area refer back to the table on page 5 Area (m2) = 31 m2 Btu/hr (Area) Btu/hr (Pax)

= 31 x 700 = 21700 Btu/hr = 10 x 500 = 5000 Btu/hr

Heat produce by Electrical Equipment (Total Power x 3.5) Name LED Downlight LED Light Strip

Qty (Nos) 14 4

Power/ unit (W) 18W 14W TOTAL

Total Power (W) 252 56 308

Heat from Electrical equipment = 308 x 3.5 = 1078 Btu/hr

Total Btu/hr

= Btu/hr (Area) + Btu/hr (Pax) + Btu/hr (Heat) = 21700 Btu/hr + 5000 Btu/hr + 1078 Btu/hr = 27778 Btu/hr

Daikin SkyAir Cassette Series - FCF-C Series (R32) Cooling Capacity = 20,500 Btu/hr

A/C Sizing = Total Btu/hr ÷ Cooling Capacity = 27778 Btu/hr ÷ 20,500 Btu/hr = 2 (Horse Power)  Horse power 2 of A/C needed in the Exhibition Area to achieve the human comfort level.

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(B) Lighting Illuminance Levels for Exhibition Area Lighting specification Name LED Downlight

LED Light Strip

Qty (Nos) 14

Lumen / unit (lm) 960

Total Lumen (lm) 13440

1400

5600

TOTAL

19040

Area of Exhibition Area = 31m2

Average Lux that required for the Retail display area = 600 Lux

Lux for the Exhibition area, Total Lumen ÷ Area = 19040 ÷ 31 = 614.19 Lux  Light in the Exhibition area is sufficient provided.

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(C) Monthly Energy Use for Exhibition Area The electrical usage in the exhibition area is also for the lighting because there is no other electrical equipment in this area. Other than the lighting, the most important thing is the A/C of the space. The cassette A/C is installed in this space to provide coolness to the space. The lighting in this exhibition will be on from 12 p.m. until 10 p.m. because the light exhibit and create a good ambience in there, so that the visitors will feel very satisfied with the atmosphere in the exhibition. The A/C will run for the whole day, unless the weather is cool. It might be closed if it is too cold.

Equipment

Qty

Hrs per day (h)

Power /unit (kW)

Total Power (kW)

Energy Usage (kWh)

Reference (Downlight, 2022)

LED Downlight

0.018

0.252

2.52

(Strip, 2022)

LED Light Strip

0.014

0.056

0.56

(Daikin, 2022)

Daikin SkyAir Cassette Series - FCFC Series (R32)

6.60

Total Energy Usage Per Day

69.08 kWh

 Total Energy Usage Per Month = 69.08 x 30 day = 2074.4 kWh / month

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2.1.3. Jewelry Display & Seating Area (A) A/C Sizing Calculation for Jewelry Display & Seating Area Area refer back to the table on page 5 Area (m2) = 10 m2 + 14.7 m2 = 24.7 m2 Btu/hr (Area) Btu/hr (Pax)

= 24.7 x 700 = 17290 Btu/hr = 15 x 500 = 7500 Btu/hr

Heat produce by Electrical Equipment (Total Power x 3.5) Name LED Downlight LED Downlight LED Light Strip Pendent Light

Qty (Nos) 3 7 7 3

Power/ unit (W) 24W 18W 8W 30W TOTAL

Total Power (W) 72 126 56 90 344

Heat from Electrical equipment = 344 x 3.5 = 1204 Btu/hr Total Btu/hr

= Btu/hr (Area) + Btu/hr (Pax) + Btu/hr (Heat) =17290 Btu/hr + 7500 Btu/hr + 1204 Btu/hr = 25994 Btu/hr

Daikin SkyAir Cassette Series - FCF-C Series (R32) Cooling Capacity = 20,500 Btu/hr

A/C Sizing = Total Btu/hr ÷ Cooling Capacity = 25994 Btu/hr ÷ 20,500 Btu/hr = 2 (Horse Power)  Horse power 2 of A/C needed in the space to achieve the human comfort level.

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(B) Lighting Illuminance Levels for Jewelry Display Lighting specification Name LED Downlight

LED Light Strip

Qty (Nos) 3

Lumen / unit (lm) 960

Total Lumen (lm) 2880

500

3500

TOTAL

6380

Area of Jewelry Display = 10 m2

Average Lux that required for the Retail display area = 600 Lux

Lux for the Jewelry Display, Total Lumen ÷ Area = 6380 ÷ 10 = 638 Lux

 Light in the Jewelry Display is sufficient provided.

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Lighting Illuminance Levels for Seating Area Lighting specification Name LED Downlight

Pendent Light

Qty (Nos) 7

Lumen / unit (lm) 560

Total Lumen (lm) 3920

220

600

TOTAL

4520

Area of Seating Area =14.7 m2

Average Lux that required for the Lounge area = 300 Lux

Lux for the Seating Area, Total Lumen ÷ Area = 4520 ÷ 14.7 = 307.48 Lux

 Light in the Seating Area is sufficient provided.

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(C) Monthly Energy Use for Jewelry Display & Seating Area The electrical usage in the Jewelry Display & Seating Area is with the lighting. It acts as the important role in the space by giving light into the space. In this area, there is no other opening around, so if it is without a light source, it will be completely blanked out. As a result, the light in here will be open from 12pm to 10pm (according to the operating time). The A/C in the Jewelry Display & Seating Area will be open until 10pm as well.

Equipment

Qty

Hrs per day (h)

Power /unit (kW)

Total Power (kW)

Energy Usage (kWh)

Reference (Downlight, 2022)

LED Downlight

0.018

0.18

1.8

(Archiproducts, 2022)

LED light strip

0.08

0.56

5.6

(Light P. , 2022)

Pendent Light

0.03

0.09

0.9

(Daikin, 2022)

Daikin SkyAir Cassette Series - FCFC Series (R32)

6.60

Total Energy Usage Per Day

74.3 kWh

 Total Energy Usage Per Month = 74.3 x 30 day = 2229 kWh / month

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2.1.4. Workshop - Public Workshop & Wash Area (A) A/C Sizing Calculation for Public Workshop & Wash Area Area refer back to the table on page 5 Area (m2) = Area of Public Workshop + Wash Area = 55.5 + 7.1 = 62.6 m2 Btu/hr (Area) Btu/hr (Pax)

= 62.6 x 700 = 43820 Btu/hr = 25 x 500 = 12500 Btu/hr

Heat produce by Electrical Equipment (Total Power x 3.5) Name LED Downlight Fluorescent light tube

Qty (Nos) 34 23

Power/ unit (W) 24W 22W TOTAL

Total Power (W) 816 506 1322

Heat from Electrical equipment = 1322 x 3.5 = 4627 Btu/hr Total Btu/hr

= Btu/hr (Area) + Btu/hr (Pax) + Btu/hr (Heat) = 43820 Btu/hr + 12500 Btu/hr + 4627 Btu/hr = 60947 Btu/hr

Daikin SkyAir Cassette Series - FCF-C Series (R32) Cooling Capacity = 20,500 Btu/hr A/C Sizing = Total Btu/hr ÷ Cooling Capacity = 60947 Btu/hr ÷ 20,500 Btu/hr = 3 (Horse Power)  Horse power 3 of A/C needed in the space to achieve the human comfort level.

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(B) Lighting Illuminance Levels for Public Workshop Lighting specification Name LED Downlight

Fluorescent light tube

Qty (Nos) 30

Lumen / unit (lm) 960

Total Lumen (lm) 28800

1200

27600

TOTAL

56400

Area of Public Workshop =55.5 m2

Average Lux that required for the Detailed Work = 1000Lux

Lux for the Public Workshop, Total Lumen ÷ Area = 56400 ÷ 55.5 = 1016.22 Lux

 Light in the Public Workshop is sufficient provided.

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Lighting Illuminance Levels for Wash Area Lighting specification Name LED Downlight

Qty (Nos) 4

Lumen / unit (lm) 560

TOTAL

Total Lumen (lm) 2240

2240

Area of Wash Area =7.1 m2

Average Lux that required for the Lounge area = 300 Lux

Lux for the Wash Area, Total Lumen ÷ Area = 2240 ÷ 7.1 = 315.5 Lux

 Light in the Wash Area is sufficient provided.

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(C) Monthly Energy Use for Public Workshop & Wash Area The Public Workshop & Wash Area primarily uses electricity for lighting to brighten up the workshop and wash area because the workshop requires a brighter environment to allow visitors to perform some detailed work (pottery making). There are 2 classes of pottery workshop per day. Each class is 3 hours, so the light will be on for 7 hours a day, including the cleaning session after the class. But the wash area light is on from 12 p.m. to 10 p.m. Because there is an exhibition nearby, the A/C will remain operational throughout the day to provide comfort to the visitor. Equipment

Qty

Hrs per day (h)

Power /unit (kW)

Total Power (kW)

Energy Usage (kWh)

Reference (Downlight, 2022)

LED Downlight

0.024

0.24

2.4

(Light L. T., 2022)

Fluorescent light tube

0.22

5.06

35.42

(Machine, 2022)

Pottery Wheel Machine

0.04

0.32

2.24

(Daikin, 2022)

Daikin SkyAir Cassette Series - FCFC Series (R32)

6.17

Total Energy Usage Per Day

61.7

116.94 kWh

 Total Energy Usage Per Month = 116.94 x 30 day = 3508.2 kWh / month

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2.1.5. Workshop - Private Workshop (A) A/C Sizing Calculation for Private Workshop Area refer back to the table on page 5 Area (m2) = 18.6 m2 Btu/hr (Area) Btu/hr (Pax)

= 18.6 x 700 = 13020 Btu/hr = 5 x 500 = 2500 Btu/hr

Heat produce by Electrical Equipment (Total Power x 3.5) Name LED Downlight Fluorescent light tube

Qty (Nos) 12 6

Power/ unit (W) 24W 22W TOTAL

Total Power (W) 288 132 420

Heat from Electrical equipment = 420 x 3.5 = 1470 Btu/hr Total Btu/hr

= Btu/hr (Area) + Btu/hr (Pax) + Btu/hr (Heat) = 38850 Btu/hr + 2500 Btu/hr + 1470 Btu/hr = 42820 Btu/hr

Daikin SkyAir Cassette Series - FCF-C Series (R32) Cooling Capacity = 20,500 Btu/hr A/C Sizing = Total Btu/hr ÷ Cooling Capacity = 42820 Btu/hr ÷ 20,500 Btu/hr = 2.08 = 2 (Horse Power)  Horse power 2 of A/C needed in Private Workshop to achieve the human comfort level.

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(B) Lighting Illuminance Levels for Private Workshop Lighting specification Name LED Downlight

Fluorescent light tube

Qty (Nos) 12

Lumen / unit (lm) 960

Total Lumen (lm) 11520

1200

7200

TOTAL

18720

Area of Private Workshop =18.6 m2

Average Lux that required for the Detailed Work = 1000Lux

Lux for the Private Workshop Total Lumen ÷ Area = 18720 ÷ 18.6 = 1006.45Lux

 Light in the Private Workshop is sufficient provided.

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(C) Monthly Energy Use for Private Workshop The private workshop classes will only have one per day, but the period of the class is 4 hours with a 30-minute break, so it is considered 5 hours every day that the light and the A/C will be open for the student for the private pottery class. (The private class is four class a week)

Equipment

Qty

Hrs per day (h)

Power /unit (kW)

Total Power (kW)

Energy Usage (kWh)

Reference (Downlight, 2022)

LED Downlight

0.024

0.288

1.44

(Light L. T., 2022)

Fluorescent light tube

0.22

1.32

6.6

(Machine, 2022)

Pottery Wheel Machine

0.04

0.12

0.6

(Daikin, 2022)

Daikin SkyAir Cassette Series - FCFC Series (R32)

6.17

Total Energy Usage Per Day

30.85

39.49 kWh

 Total Energy Usage Per Month = 39.49 x 16 day = 631.84 kWh / month

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2.1.6. Workshop - Equipment Section (A) A/C Sizing for Equipment Section The Equipment Section does not need any A/C so this part is just skip to the lighting illuminance.

(B) Lighting Illuminance Levels for Equipment Section Lighting specification Name LED Downlight

Qty (Nos) 7

Lumen / unit (lm) 960

TOTAL

Total Lumen (lm) 6720

6720

Area of Equipment Section =11.8 m2

Average Lux that required for the General Work = 500 Lux

Lux for the Equipment Section Total Lumen ÷ Area = 6720 ÷ 11.8 = 569.49 Lux

 Light in the Equipment Section is sufficient provided.

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(C) Monthly Energy Use for Equipment Section The Equipment Section light is follow with the Workshop time (Refer back to the description on page 32)

Equipment

Qty

Hrs per day (h)

Power /unit (kW)

Total Power (kW)

Energy Usage (kWh)

Reference (Downlight, 2022)

LED Downlight

0.024

0.168

Total Energy Usage Per Day

1.68

1.68 kWh

 Total Energy Usage Per Month = 1.68 x 30 day = 50.4 kWh / month

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2.1.7. Pottery Kiln Room (A) A/C Sizing for Pottery Kiln Room The Pottery Kiln Room does not need any A/C, because it was expose to the exterior so this part is just skip to the lighting illuminance.

(B) Lighting Illuminance Levels for Pottery Kiln Room Lighting specification Name LED Downlight

Fluorescent light tube

Qty (Nos) 6

Lumen / unit (lm) 960

Total Lumen (lm) 5760

1200

4800

TOTAL

10560

Area of Pottery Kiln Room =18.6 m2

Average Lux that required for the General Work = 500Lux

Lux for the Pottery Kiln Room Total Lumen ÷ Area = 10560 ÷ 18.6 = 567.74 Lux

 Light in the Pottery Kiln Room is sufficient provided.

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(C) Monthly Energy Use for Pottery Kiln Room The Pottery Kiln Room is for the burning of pottery, so the burning time is very different every single time, so I just estimate here for about 6 hours a day.

Equipment

Qty

Hrs per day (h)

Power /unit (kW)

Total Power (kW)

Energy Usage (kWh)

Reference (Downlight, 2022)

LED Downlight

0.024

0.144

0.864

(Light L. T., 2022)

Fluorescent light tube

0.22

0.88

5.28

(Machine P. K., 2022)

Pottery Burning Machine

10.08

30.24

Total Energy Usage Per Day

181.44

187.584 kWh

 Total Energy Usage Per Month = 187.584 x 30 day = 5627.52 kWh / month

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2.1.8. Glazing Work Area (A) A/C Sizing for Glazing Work Area Area refer back to the table on page 5 Area (m2) = 30 m2 Btu/hr (Area) Btu/hr (Pax)

= 30 x 700 = 21000 Btu/hr = 10 x 500 = 5000 Btu/hr

Heat produce by Electrical Equipment (Total Power x 3.5) Name LED Downlight Fluorescent light tube

Qty (Nos) 20 10

Power/ unit (W) 24W 22W TOTAL

Total Power (W) 480 220 700

Heat from Electrical equipment = 700 x 3.5 = 2450 Btu/hr

Total Btu/hr

= Btu/hr (Area) + Btu/hr (Pax) + Btu/hr (Heat) = 21000 Btu/hr + 5000 Btu/hr + 2450 Btu/hr = 28450 Btu/hr

Daikin Wall mount - FTKM35TVMM Cooling Capacity = 17700 Btu/hr A/C Sizing = Total Btu/hr ÷ Cooling Capacity = 28450 Btu/hr ÷ 17700 Btu/hr = 1.6 = 1.5 (Horse Power)  Horse power 1.5 of A/C needed in Glazing Work Area to achieve the human comfort level.

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(B) Lighting Illuminance Levels for Glazing Work Area Lighting specification Name LED Downlight

Fluorescent light tube

Qty (Nos) 20

Lumen / unit (lm) 960

Total Lumen (lm) 19200

1200

12000

TOTAL

31200

Area of Glazing Work Area =30 m2

Average Lux that required for the Detailed Work = 500Lux

Lux for the Glazing Work Area Total Lumen ÷ Area = 31200 ÷ 30 = 1040 Lux

 Light in the Glazing Work Area is sufficient provided.

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Equipment

Qty

Hrs per day (h)

Power /unit (kW)

Total Power (kW)

Energy Usage (kWh)

Reference (Downlight, 2022)

LED Downlight

0.024

0.48

3.84

(Light L. T., 2022)

Fluorescent light tube

0.22

0.88

7.04

(A/C, 2022)

Daikin Wall mount FTKM35TVMM

6.53

Total Energy Usage Per Day

52.24

63.12 kWh

 Total Energy Usage Per Month = 63.12 x 30 day = 1893.6 kWh / month

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2.1.9. Cashier & Service Counter, Customize & Self Wrapping Area (A) A/C Sizing for Cashier & Service Counter, Customize & Self Wrapping Area Area refer back to the table on page 5 Area (m2) = Cashier & Service Counter + Customize Area + Self Wrapping Area = 20 m2 + 5 m2 + 15 m2 = 40 m2 Btu/hr (Area) Btu/hr (Pax)

= 40 x 700 = 28000 Btu/hr = 20 x 500 = 10000 Btu/hr

Heat produce by Electrical Equipment (Total Power x 3.5) Name LED Downlight

Qty (Nos) 21

Power/ unit (W) 24W TOTAL

Total Power (W) 504 504

Heat from Electrical equipment = 504 x 3.5 = 1764 Btu/hr Total Btu/hr = Btu/hr (Area) + Btu/hr (Pax) + Btu/hr (Heat) = 28000 Btu/hr + 10000 Btu/hr + 1764 Btu/hr = 39764 Btu/hr

Daikin SkyAir Cassette Series - FCF-C Series (R32) Cooling Capacity = 20500 Btu/hr

A/C Sizing = Total Btu/hr ÷ Cooling Capacity = 39764 Btu/hr ÷ 20500 Btu/hr = 1.9 = 2 (Horse Power)  Horse power 2 of A/C needed in entire space to achieve the human comfort level.

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(B) Lighting Illuminance Levels for Cashier & Service Counter, Customize & Self Wrapping Area Lighting specification Name LED Downlight

Qty (Nos) 21

Lumen / unit (lm) 960

TOTAL

Total Lumen (lm) 20160

20160

Total sum of area = 40 m2

Average Lux that required for the General Work = 500 Lux

Lux for the entire space Total Lumen ÷ Area = 20160 ÷ 40 = 504 Lux

 Light in the Cashier & Service Counter, Customize & Self Wrapping Area is sufficient provided.

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(C) Monthly Energy Use for Cashier & Service Counter, Customize & Self Wrapping Area The Cashier & Service Counter, Customize & Self-Wrapping Area, and Customize & SelfWrapping Area all have LED Downlights to lighten up the overall space, and the light in this entire space is usually open and working all the time because the cashier counter is an important retail area. So it will be open from 12pm to 10pm until it closes.

Equipment

Qty

Hrs per day (h)

Power /unit (kW)

Total Power (kW)

Energy Usage (kWh)

Reference (Downlight, 2022)

LED Downlight

0.024

0.504

5.04

(Daikin, 2022)

Daikin SkyAir Cassette Series - FCFC Series (R32)

6.17

Total Energy Usage Per Day

61.7

61.7 kWh

 Total Energy Usage Per Month = 61.7 x 30 day = 1851 kWh / month

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2.1.10. Kitchenware Display (A) A/C Sizing for Kitchenware Display Area refer back to the table on page 5 Area (m2) = 51 m2 Btu/hr (Area) Btu/hr (Pax)

= 51 x 700 = 35700 Btu/hr = 10 x 500 = 5000 Btu/hr

Heat produce by Electrical Equipment (Total Power x 3.5) Name LED Downlight

Qty (Nos) 32

Power/ unit (W) 24W TOTAL

Total Power (W) 768 768

Heat from Electrical equipment = 768 x 3.5 = 2688 Btu/hr Total Btu/hr = Btu/hr (Area) + Btu/hr (Pax) + Btu/hr (Heat) = 35700 Btu/hr + 5000 Btu/hr + 2688 Btu/hr = 43388 Btu/hr

Daikin SkyAir Cassette Series - FCF-C Series (R32) Cooling Capacity = 20500 Btu/hr A/C Sizing = Total Btu/hr ÷ Cooling Capacity = 43388 Btu/hr ÷ 20500 Btu/hr = 2.12 = 2 (Horse Power)  Horse power 2 of A/C needed in Kitchenware Display to achieve the human comfort level.

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(B) Lighting Illuminance Levels for Kitchenware Display Lighting specification Name LED Downlight

Qty (Nos) 32

Lumen / unit (lm) 960

TOTAL

Total Lumen (lm) 30720

30720

Area of Kitchenware Display = 51 m2

Average Lux that required for the Retail display area = 600 Lux

Lux for the Kitchenware Display Total Lumen ÷ Area = 30720 ÷ 51 = 602.35 Lux

 Light in the Kitchenware Display is sufficient provided.

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(C) Monthly Energy Use for Kitchenware Display The Kitchenware Display will be open from 12 p.m. until 10 p.m. because it is displaying products, so the light will be on from the opening of the retail. The same as the A/C in the space, its purpose is to provide a comfortable level for people in the space.

Equipment

Qty

Hrs per day (h)

Power /unit (kW)

Total Power (kW)

Energy Usage (kWh)

Reference (Downlight, 2022)

LED Downlight

0.024

0.768

7.68

(Daikin, 2022)

Daikin SkyAir Cassette Series - FCFC Series (R32)

6.17

Total Energy Usage Per Day

61.7

69.38 kWh

 Total Energy Usage Per Month = 69.38 x 30 day = 2081.4 kWh / month

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2.1.11. Drinking Café & Handmade Product Display (A) A/C Sizing for Drinking Café & Handmade Product Display Area refer back to the table on page 6 Area (m2) = Drinking Café + Handmade Product Display = 50 m2 + 30 m2 = 80 m2 Btu/hr (Area) Btu/hr (Pax)

= 80 x 700 = 56000 Btu/hr = 25 x 500 = 12500 Btu/hr

Heat produce by Electrical Equipment (Total Power x 3.5) Name LED Downlight

Qty (Nos) 46

Power/ unit (W) 24W TOTAL

Total Power (W) 1104 1104

Heat from Electrical equipment = 1104 x 3.5 = 3864 Btu/hr

Total Btu/hr = Btu/hr (Area) + Btu/hr (Pax) + Btu/hr (Heat) = 56000 Btu/hr + 12500 Btu/hr + 3864 Btu/hr = 72634 Btu/hr

Daikin SkyAir Cassette Series - FCF-C Series (R32) Cooling Capacity = 20500 Btu/hr A/C Sizing = Total Btu/hr ÷ Cooling Capacity = 72634 Btu/hr ÷ 20500 Btu/hr = 3.53 = 4 (Horse Power)  Horse power 4 of A/C needed in the mezzanine floor to achieve the human comfort level. GRACE WONG JING YEE 0353138

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(B) Lighting Illuminance Levels for Drinking Café Lighting specification Name LED Downlight

Qty (Nos) 27

Lumen / unit (lm) 960

TOTAL

Total Lumen (lm) 25920

25920

Area of Drinking Café = 50 m2

Average Lux that required for the Kitchen area = 500 Lux

Lux for the Drinking Café Total Lumen ÷ Area = 25920 ÷ 50 = 518.4 Lux

 Light in the Drinking Café is sufficient provided.

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Lighting Illuminance Levels for Handmade Product Display Lighting specification Name LED Downlight

Qty (Nos) 19

Lumen / unit (lm) 960

TOTAL

Total Lumen (lm) 18240

18240

Area of Handmade Product Display = 30 m2

Average Lux that required for the Retail display area = 600 Lux

Lux for the Handmade Product Display Total Lumen ÷ Area = 18240 ÷ 30 = 608 Lux

 Light in the Handmade Product Display is sufficient provided.

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(C) Monthly Energy Use for Drinking Café & Handmade Product Display (Mezzanine) The Mezzanine Level Drinking Café and the Handmade Product Display will only be open on 2pm to 8pm night.

Equipment

Qty

Hrs per day (h)

Power /unit (kW)

Total Power (kW)

Energy Usage (kWh)

Reference (Downlight, 2022)

LED Downlight

0.024

0.456

2.736

(Daikin, 2022)

Daikin SkyAir Cassette Series - FCFC Series (R32)

5.5

Total Energy Usage Per Day

35.736 kWh

 Total Energy Usage Per Month = 35.736 x 30 day = 1072.08 kWh / month

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2.2.

Total Usage of Electricity

NO.

AREA

ENERGY USAGE PER MONTH (kWh)

Souvenir Display

2063.16

Exhibition Area

2074.4

Jewelry Display & Seating Area

2229

Workshop - Public Workshop & Wash Area

3508.2

Workshop - Private Workshop

631.84

Workshop - Equipment Section

50.4

Pottery Kiln Room

5627.52

Glazing Work Area

1893.6

Cashier & Service Counter, Customize & Self Wrapping Area

1851

Kitchenware Display

2081.4

Drinking Café & Handmade Product Display

1072.08 TOTAL

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18624.60 kWh

1 UP

up150

up100

up680

4 ENTRANCE

up 150

5 UP

dp100 up680 dp100

DN DN

7 UP

167

1 UP

DN RAMP UP

4 UP

5 UP

7 UP

RAMP DN

168

up150

hp2

up150

hp2

up150

up100 hp2

up680

4 hp2

ENTRANCE

up 150

5 UP

dp100 up680 dp100

A/C

6 hp2

hp3

A hp2

DN DN

169

A/C

DN RAMP UP

hp2

4 UP

5 hp2

A/C

6 A

7 UP

170

RAMP DN

Building Science & ServicesBLD62304

TASK (C): WATER SUPPLY NETWORK & DRAINAGE OF TOILET 5. Toilet Water Piping System

A toilet has two main parts—the tank and the bowl. The bowl holds water and connects to the drain for disposing of waste water and waste. The tank, which sits up behind the bowl, contains reserve water for refilling the bowl plus the devices for flushing clean water into the bowl and refilling the tank. Figure 24. The section cut of the water piping system of toilet bowl

So for the toilet bowl piping system, each of them is connected with 2 pipe, which is the Water supply pipe for the water in the tank, and also the Drainage pipe for flushing the sewage after used.

Types of pipe in Toilet -

Main Water Piping Water supply Drainage Pipe (Sewage)

Main Water Piping A water main is a primary underground pipe in a municipal water distribution system. It is a major artery that supplies water to smaller pipes on the way to homes and businesses.

Water Supply A water-distribution pipe is located inside a building and delivers potable water to the fixtures. The supply system delivering water from the potable source to the building is the "water service" pipe. The water distribution system includes normally both hot and cold water.

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Drainage Pipe (Sewage) A drain is the primary vessel or conduit for unwanted water or waste liquids to be flumed away, either to a more useful area, funneled into a receptacle, or run into sewers or storm water mains as waste discharge to be released or processed.

AS A REFERENCE FOR THE WATER PIPING PLANNING ON TOILET

Figure 25. Diagram that shows the water piping system

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3175

1700

1075

500

700

2000

3317

2350

173

3175

1700

1075

500

700

2000

2790

2350

174

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Conclusion

In conclusion, I finally finished this project. This project allowed me to learn a lot of building science and services in the interior space. All the calculations sometimes got me confused and I stumbled for a long time, but in the end, I was able to carry out and complete this project! Doing this project did let me understand the importance of the A/C sizing and lighting illumination for a space. Those need to be calculated so that we can choose a suitable amount of power. It is quite fun to do your own research because it actually makes you learn a lot to become a person who is disciplined. Even though it still has some unsure and incorrect information, it is showing the path of my improvements.

Thank you for reading my report!

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Att he end oft hi ss emes t er ,t hi smodul el etme l ear n al otoft hi ng,f or exampl eal lt hecal cul at i onofbui l di ngs er vi ces ,iwasabl et oundes t and and Ihavet heabi l i t yonappl yi ng t hem i nt hepr oj ect . I ti sact ual l yver yi nt er es t i ng t hatdi s cover i ng a l otofdet ai l si n bui l di ng s er vi cest hatIneverknow bef or e.Forexampl e al lt he wi r i ng i nwal l ,t he pi pi ng s ys t em oft oi l etet c. Anot herf unt hi ngi st hepr oj ect2,if oundqui t ef unwhendoi ngt hemodel maki ng.T hi si st he f i r s tt i me f orme t o us et he wood wor ks hop i nT ayl or ’ s , s oi ti sver ymemor abl e.Igett o under s t and al otofwood s t r uct ur e and j oi ner ydur i ng t he wood wor ks hop,f ort he pr oces sofmodelmaki ng can r ef erbackt ot hepr oj ect2r epor t . Dur i ng t hePr oj ect2pr es ent at i on,i ti s ver y exci t ed t hat iget t os ee my cl as s mat e pr ot ot ype i ns t udi o.I nt he concl us i on,Iam gl ad t hat ihave compl et et hi smodul ewi t hgai ni ngal l t he appr eci at ed knowl edge and l i f el ong exper i ence t hr oughout t hi s s emes t er !T hankYou!

176

EPORT FOLI O

MARCH 2022

POR T FO LI O GRACE WONG JY.

177

0353138

T HANKYOU!

Portfolio of Building Science and Services