"Got Rum?" July 2022

Got Rum? J u LY 2 0 2 2

®

f r o m t h e g r a s s t o yo u r g l a s s , s i n c e 20 01!

COOKING WITH RUM - Angel’s Share - CIGAR & Rum MUSE OF MIXOLOGY - RUM HISTORIAN RUM IN THE NEWS - Rum SUMMER DRINKS THE RUM UNIVERSITY - THE SPIRIT OF SURVIVAL

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30 Got Rum ? July 2 0 2 2 - 2

Contents

JULY

2022

5 From The Editor 6-9 T h e A n g e l’ s S h a r e - R u m R e v i e w s 10-13 C OO K ING WI T H RUM 14-19 RUM A GING S C IEN C E 20-23 T HE MUSE O F MI X OLOG Y 24-25 T HE RUM UNIVERSI T Y LI B R A R Y 26-27 RUM A ND T HE ENVIRONMEN T O P EN C A LL 30-33 T h e RUM HIS T ORI A N 36-39 T HE RUM DRIN K S O F SUMMER 42-49 t h e SUG A R MILL : o r i g i n s a n d e v o l u t i o n 50-53 RUM IN T HE NEWS 54-63 T HE S P IRI T O F SURVIVA L - PA R T 2 64-67 C IG A R a n d RUM PA IRING

50

54

64 G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 22 - 3

® Rum?

Got

Printed in the U.S.A. A publication of Rum Runner Press, Inc. Hutto, Texas 78634 - U.S.A. Tel/Fax +1 (855) RUM-TIPS © 2022 by Rum Runner Press, Inc. All rights reserved.

July 2022 Edi tor and P ubl i sher:

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Executi ve Edi tor:

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C i gar and Rum:

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A ngel ’s Share: paul @ gotrum.com Rum Hi stori an:

marco@ gotrum.c om

Rum i n the New s:

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C ooki ng w i th Rum:

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Webmaster: w eb@ gotrum.com Di rector of P hotography:

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If you would like to submit news or press releases, please forward them to:

n e w s @g o tr u m . c o m You can download the free electronic version (low-res) of this magazine, or purchase the high resolution printed version at:

WWW. GOTRUM. COM The printed version of “Got Rum?” is produced with FSC-certified paper, which means it is from responsibly managed forests and verified recycled sources.

F RON T C OVER : I Dream Of Decadence INSIDE S P RE A D : Next Round Is On Me

F ROM T HE EDI T OR

The Spirit of Survival Thi s m onth’s issue o f “Go t Rum? ” i ncl udes par t 2 of Th e S pirit o f S u rv iv a l (see page 54). Fo llo win g la st mo n t h ’s p u blication of p a rt 1, I re ceived sev e ra l c om m ents and inquirie s fro m readers , a sking w hat the futu re o f yeast’s e vol uti on looks like . Re st assure d t h a t w e will expl ore this topic in the n e x t i nstal l m ent of th e se rie s, fo r n o w a ll I w ant to shar e is that th e ch e mical a n d b iological war between micro o rganis ms n e ver ends, re sultin g in a continuou s e vol uti on of atta ck and d e fense s tr ategi es.

Thi s r em i nds me o f the p o e m “Yo u Will N ever See Me Fa ll” b y Joyce A lcant a ra : You ma y see me struggle , but you won’t see me fall.

and consta n tly g e t p u t o n th e sp o t .

W h a t is y o u r s t ra t e g y t o o v e rc o me lif e ’s s t ru g g le s a n d o b s t a c le s ? H a s it b e e n t h e s a me a ll y o u r lif e o r h a s it e v o lv e d o v e r t ime ? U n lik e t h e mic ro b ia l wo rld , wh e re e v o lu t io n a ry a d a p t a t io n s c a n re q u ire t h o u s a n d s o r millio n s o f y e a rs t o h a p p e n , u s h u m a n s c a n c h o o s e d iff e re n t s t ra t e g ie s o n d e ma n d , c h a n g in g a n d a d a p t in g mu c h f a s t e r t h a n t h e a n ima l k in g d o m c a n .

I’m goi ng to we a r the b iggest sm ile ,

W is h in g y o u a ll a s a f e a n d e n jo y a b l e s u mme r.

R egar dless if I’m we a k o r n o t , I’m go ing to sta n d ta ll.

Ever yo n e sa ys life is e a sy, but truly livin g it is not.

Time s g e t h a rd, pe o p le struggle

even though I want to cry.

I’ m g oin g to fight to live ,

Ch e e rs !

even though I’m d e stined to d ie.

And eve n th o u g h it’s hard and I m ay stru g g le thro u g h it a ll, you m ay se e me stru g g le... but you will NE V E R see me fal l.

L u is Ay a la , E d it o r a n d P u b lis h e r http://www.linkedin.com/in/rumconsultant Do you want to learn more about rum but don’t want to wait until the next issue of “Got Rum?”? Then join the “Rum Lovers Unite!” group on LinkedIn for updates, previews, Q&A and exclusive material.

G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 22 - 5

T HE A NGEL’ S SH A RE

by Paul S e nf t

Bones Virgin Island Rum

M y nam e i s Paul S enf t - Rum Rev i ewer, Tast ing h o st , J udg e and Wr iter. M y ex p l o r at i o n of Rums b e gan by l ear ning to c r af t T ik i c o c k t ails fo r f r i ends. I qui c k ly l ear ne d t hat n ot all r ums are c reate d e qually and t hat t he uni quene s s of t he spir it c an b e as var i e d as t he l o c al e s t hey are f r o m. T hi s inspire d m e to t r ave l w it h my w i fe ar ound t he C ar ibb ean, C ent r al A m er i c a, and U nite d S t ate s v i sit ing di st ill er i e s and l ear ning ab out h ow eac h o ne c reate s t heir r ums. I have als o had t he p l easure of l ear ning f r o m bar tender s, b r and ambas s ado r s, and ot her ent husiast s f r o m ar ound t he wo r l d; eac h o ne p r ov i ding t heir ow n uni que p o int of v i ew, adding an ot her c hapter to t he m o der n sto r y of r um.

T he de sire to share t hi s info r mat i o n l e d m e to c reate w w w. Ru m Jo u r n ey.c o m w here I share my ex p er i enc e s and rev i ews in t he h o p e s t hat I woul d inspire ot her s in t heir ow n ex p l o r at i o ns.

It i s my w i sh in t he pag e s of “ G ot Rum? ” to b e your h o st and p r ov i de you w it h my imp re s si o ns of r ums availab l e in t he wo r l d mar ket . H o p ef ully my t ast ing n ote s w ill inspire you to t r y t he r ums and make your ow n o pini o ns. T he wo r l d i s f ull of g o o d r ums and t he j our ney i s al ways b e st ex p er i enc e d w it h ot her s.

Che er s!

Got Rum ? July 2 0 2 2 - 6

Re c e nt ly, my w i fe an d I we re t r ave lin g t h e C ar ib b e an an d, w hil e v i sit in g Char l ot te A m ali e o n t h e i s lan d of S t .

T h o m as, we sto p p e d in a s o uve nir sh o p, lure d in by a lar g e wall of r um. M o st of w hat we fo un d we re b ot t l e s t hat we c o ul d g et at h o m e, but t h ey had a s e l e c t i o n of B o ne s Rums t hat , w hil e avai lab l e in s o m e st ate s, we re n ot availab l e in G e o r gia. T h e B o ne s line of f i ve r um s c e l e b r ate s t h e i s lan ds’ p ir ate hi sto r y an d e ac h ex p re s s i o n i s t h e m e d ac c o r din g ly.

Fo r o ur v i s it , w hi c h invo l ve d, am o n g ot h e r t hin g s, a v i s it to t h e i s lan ds’ Pir ate Tre asure M us eum s e e m e d a f it t in g s o uve nir of o ur t r ip. S o urc e s n ot r e late d to t h e c o mpany re p o r t t hat B o ne s V ir gin I s lan d Rum i s c o mp r i s e d of a b l e n d of fo ur to s i x ye ar o l d r ums s o urc e d f r o m t h e V ir gin I s lan ds t hat have b e e n ag e d in A m e r i c an W hite O ak , Fre nc h O ak , an d sh e r r y c asks b efo re b e in g b l e n de d an d b ot t l e d at 4 0% A BV in S t . T h o m as.

Appearance T h e r um c o m e s in a sh o r t ne c ke d 75 0 m l b ot t l e t hat has a c l e ar s e c ur it y w r ap as we ll as a st r ip anc h o r in g a wo o de n c ap to t h e b ot t l e. T h e wo o de n c ap h o l ds a sy nt h et i c c o r k w it h t h e ne c k w r ap p e d in a b lac k p i e c e of f ab r i c . A b lac k wa x s e al s it s un de r t h e ne c k just ab ove t h e lab e l.

T h e lab e l p r ov i de s t h e bas i c info r m at i o n ab o ut t h e r um an d lit t l e e l s e.

T h e li qui d has a s o li d g o l de n amb e r c o l o r in t h e b ot t l e an d glas s. Agit at in g t h e li qui d c re ate s a m e dium ban d t hat t hi c ke ns an d dr o ps a s in gl e wave of l e g s b efo re qui c k ly evap o r at in g, l e av in g a r in g of b e ads in it s wake.

Nose T h e ar o m a of t h e r um has a balanc e of c ar am e lize d vani lla, bak in g sp i c e s, to aste d alm o n ds, c o o ke d banana, w it h hint s of c har re d o ak .

Pa l a t e T h e f lavo r of t h e r um l e ads w it h a r ush of alc o h o l lad e n vani lla, an d as I evaluate d t h e r um, I di s c ove r e d n ote s of r o c k f r uit , m e di c inal c h e r r y, nut m e g, bak in g sp i c e s, tof fe e, alm o n ds an d c o c o a. A s t h e r um b e gins to f ad e, a li g ht ac i di c c har r e d o ak n ote f lat te ns t h e swe et n e s s an d lin g e r s in a wo o dy f ini sh.

S o m e r ums ar e e as i e r to evaluate t han ot h e r s. T hi s o n e was a b it c hall e n gin g as e ac h sip unl o c ke d di f fe r e nt f lavo r s, w it h t h e init ial vani lla swe et n e s s an d t h e wo o dy f ini sh c r e at in g p o int s of c o nt inuit y w hil e t h e ot h e r f lavo r s hit inc o ns i ste nt ly.

W hi c h i s w hy I t hink it i s ap p r o p r i ate t hat in t h e m e nu s e c t i o n of t h e B o n e s r um we b site t h ey have it in an ar r ay of re c ip e s d e m o nst r at in g t hat it i s a g o o d ut ilit y c o c k t ai l r um. A s m e nt i o ne d e ar li e r, t h e r um i s c ur r e nt ly avai lab l e in 15 st ate s as we ll as t h e U.S. V ir gin I s lan ds. Ch e c k t h e ir we b s ite fo r d et ai ls.

I fo un d t h e b l e n d to b e inte r e st in g an d o nly w i sh we had m o r e r e li ab l e info r m at i o n ab o ut t h e r um f r o m t h e c o mpany. Like t h e lab e l, t h e we b s ite i s a b it vag u e w it h d et ai l s an d i s a mi s s e d o p p o r tunit y fo r e duc at in g c o nsum e r s ab o ut t h e p r o duc t .

w w w.bonesr um.c om

Rev i ew

G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 22 - 7

T HE A NGEL’ S SH A RE

by Paul S e nf t

Rhum Clément 10 Year Old Grande Reser ve T h e c e llar m aste r of R hum C l é m e nt of M ar t ini qu e e ac h ye ar s e l e c t s di f fe re nt bar re ls f r o m t h e ir war e h o us e s t hat have di st inc t i ve f lavo r p r of i l e s t hat t h ey b e li eve are wo r t hy of ad dit i o nal agin g.

T h e s e r hum s ar e m ad e f r o m f r e sh p re s s e d su g ar c an e jui c e t hat has b e e n fe r m e nte d an d di st i ll e d us in g c o lumn st ills an d ag e d in a c o m b inat i o n of v ir gin an d re - c har r e d o ak bar r e l s. A f te r t h e r hums has b e e n ag e d a minimum of 10 ye ar s, it i s b l e n d e d an d b ot t l e d at 42% A BV. T hi s par t i c ular b l e n d m et t h e r i g o r o us quali f i c at i o n to r e c e i ve t h e di st in g ui sh e d A p p e llat i o n d ’O r i gine C o nt r ô l é e of M ar t ini qu e an d b e c am e par t of t h e b r an d ’s G r an d e Re s e r ve p o r t fo li o.

Appearance T h e 75 0 m l b ot t l e i s usually s o l d ins i de a tub e t hat i s c ove r e d in info r m at i o n ab o ut t h e p r o duc t . T h e 75 0 m l b ot t l e i s a sto ut , r o un d e d b ot t l e us e d fo r C l é m e nt ag e d p r o duc t s. T h e lab e l, like t h e tub e, p r ov i d e s t h e c o nsum e r w it h qualit y info r m at i o n ab o ut t h e r hum.

In t h e b ot t l e an d g las s, t h e r hum m aint ains an am b e r g o l d c o l o r t hat has a s li g ht o r an g e hu e to it in c e r t ain li ght s.

S w ir lin g t h e r hum c r e ate s a t hin ban d ar o un d t h e g las s t hat t hi c ke ns s li ght ly b efo re re l e as in g wave s of s l ow m ov in g l e g s. W it hin minute s, all t hat r e m ains of t h e ban d i s s o m e p e b b lin g ar o un d t h e t ast in g glas s.

Nose T h e ar o m a of t h e r hum b e gins w it h a l ove ly f l o r al vani lla s c e nt , fo ll owe d by f lamb é e d bananas, f r e sh c ut b e r r i e s, t an g e r in e, hint s of sp i c e, tof fe e an d li ght

Got Rum ? July 2 0 2 2 - 8

o ak . T h e re i s an alm o st p e r f um e l eve l nuanc e to it t hat I e nj oye d evaluat in g.

Pa l a t e T h e r hum has an unex p e c te d c o mp l ex it y as it hit s muc h di f fe re nt ly t han t h e ar o m a. T h e f ir st t hin g I dete c t i s b r ow n su g ar, fo ll owe d by o r an g e pure e t hat lays d ow n t h e fo un dat i o n. Ad dit i o nal sip s reve al alm o n ds, bak in g sp i c e s, c o o ke d bananas, c h e r r i e s, b e r r i e s (st r aw b e r r y an d b lue b e r r y), an d f re sh m ade tof fe e, w it h e ar t hine s s an d o ak f lavo r s e nhanc in g t h e f r uit f lavo r s an d lin g e r in g in a l o n g, de li c i o us f ini sh.

Rev i ew O ve r t h e ye ar s as a rev i ewe r, I have t r i e d quite a few r hum agr i c o l e s f r o m var i o us c o mpani e s t hat o p e r ate in M ar t ini que an d G uade l o up e. W h e n I s amp l e o ne of C l é m e nt s’ p r o duc t s, I have an ex p e c t at i o n of qualit y an d f lavo r, e sp e c ially w it h t h e ir ag e d ex p re s si o ns.

S imp ly, t hi s r hum exc e e de d my ex p e c t at i o ns an d any p re di sp o s it i o ns I had towar d t h e ir p o r t fo li o. T hi s 10 ye ar o l d G r an de Re s e r ve i s s o m et hin g sp e c ial w it h it s f r uit y c o mp l ex it y balanc e d by t h e ot h e r f lavo r s in t h e p r of i l e. It i s my b e li ef t hat t hi s i s w hat hap p e ns w h e n a c o mpany t r ust s it s c e llar m aste r s an d b l e n de r s to b e inn ovat i ve an d c re ate s o m et hin g new inste ad of p lay in g it s afe.

I h o p e we g et to s e e m o re of t h e s e k in ds of p r o duc t s f r o m R hum Cl é m e nt an d w ill b e pay in g c l o s e at te nt i o n to any f utur e G r an d e Re s e r ve r e l e as e s.

Would you like to see your r um reviewed here?

We don’t charge fees to review r ums. You don’t even have to adver tise.

w w w.r hum - c lement.c om

So... what are you waiting for ???

For more infor mation, please send an email to: margaret@gotr um.c om

G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 22 - 9

COOKING WITH RUM Bringing the Spirit of the Cane Into the Hear t of the Kitchen!

by Chef Susan W hitley

Got Got Rum Rum?? July July -2 0 12 0 2 - 10

G Goott R Ruum m?? JJuuly ly 22002222 -- 11 11

Dark and Stormy Kettle Corn I n g r e d i e nt s f o r Po p c o r n:

I n g r e d i e nt s f o r S a u c e:

• • •

• • • • • • •

3 T b s p. Ve g et a b l e O i l 1/ 3 C. Po p p i n g C o r n Ke r n e l s 2 t s p. S e a S a l t

1 C. G i n g e r B e e r ¼ C. D a r k Ru m ¼ C. L i m e J u i c e 4 T b s p. (1/ 2 s t i c k) B u t te r ½ C. L i g ht B r o w n S u g a r ¼ t s p. B a k i n g S o d a Zest of 1 Lime

D i r e c t i o n s: P r e h e a t ove n t o 2 75° F. L i n e a b a k i n g s h e et w i t h p a r c h m e nt p a p e r a n d s et a s i d e.

H e a t o i l i n a l a r g e c ove r e d p ot ove r m e d i u m - h i g h h e at . A d d a c o u p l e o f ke r n e l s w i t h a p i n c h o f s a l t . W h e n t h e ke r n e l s p o p, r e m ove f r o m h e at a n d a d d t h e r e s t o f t h e ke r n e l s a n d c ove r i m m e d i ate l y. C o u nt t o 3 0 s e c o n d s , ke r n e l s s h o u l d s t a r t p o p p i n g.

C r a c k t h e l i d a b i t t o a l l o w s te a m t o e s c a p e. C o nt i n u e a l l o w i n g ke r n e l s t o p o p, s h a k i n g p o t p e r i o d i c a l l y s o t h e ke r n e l s d o n’ t b u r n at t h e b ot t o m o f t h e p ot . O n c e ke r n e l s s t o p p o p p i n g , r e m ove f r o m h e at a n d d u m p p o p c o r n i nt o a l a r g e b o w l a n d s et a s i d e.

Re m ove a ny b u r nt p i e c e s i n t h e b ot t o m o f t h e p ot a s t h i s p ot w i l l b e u s e d t o m a ke t h e s a u c e.

Po u r G i n g e r B e e r, r u m a n d l i m e j u i c e i nt o t h e p ot . L o we r h e at t o m e d i u m a n d b r i n g m i x t u r e t o a b o i l. Re d u c e h e at a n d s i m m e r u nt i l m i x t u r e h a s r e d u c e d a b o u t t wo t h i r d s . Po u r m i x t u r e i nt o a b o w l a n d s et a s i d e.

I n a p a n, m e l t b u t te r a n d a d d b r o w n s u g a r. S t i r t o c o m b i n e a n d a l l o w m i x t u r e t o m e l t a n d b u b b l e s l i g ht l y a r o u n d t h e e d g e s . C o nt i n u e s t i r r i n g u nt i l c o l o r c h a n g e s t o a n a m b e r c o l o r a n d m i x t u r e s t a r t s t o g et t h i c k a n d s t i c k y. A d d t h e g i n g e r b e e r a n d r u m m i x t u r e t o t h e p a n a s we l l a s t h e b a k i n g s o d a . S t i r v i g o r o u s l y. D o n ot a l l o w m i x t u r e t o h a r d e n l i ke c a n d y. I m m e d i ate l y p o u r ove r p o p c o r n a n d m i x u s i n g a s p at u l a t o eve n l y c o a t t h e p o p c o r n. S p r e a d p o p c o r n o nt o t h e b a k i n g s h e et i n a s i n g l e l aye r, s p r i n k l e r e m a i n i n g s e a s a l t a n d p l a c e i n s i d e ove n. B a ke f o r 4 0 - 4 5 m i n u te s , t o d r y t h e p o p c o r n. Re m ove f r o m ove n a n d a l l o w t o c o o l. B r e a k i nt o c l u s te r s o n s h e et a n d s p r i n k l e l i m e ze s t .

P h o t o c r e d i t : w w w. i m b i b e m a g a z i n e.c o m

Got Got Rum Rum?? July July 22002222 -- 12 12

Pear Macaroon Salad I n g r e di e nt s: • • • • • •

8 C a nn e d Pe a r H a l ve s 1 8 oz. p kg. C r e a m C h e e s e 2 T b s p. M ayo nn ai s e 1 T b s p. O r a n g e Fl avo r e d Rum ½ t s p. Le m o n R i n d, g r ate d ¼ C. G o l d e n R ai s i ns, s e e dl e s s

• • • • •

¼ C. Wa lnut s, chopped ¼ C. C a n di e d G i n g e r, c h o p p e d 16 M ac a r o o n Cookies Let t u c e M i nt , f o r g a r ni s h

D i r e c t i o ns: D r ai n p e a r s a n d dr y b et we e n p a p e r towe l s. I n m i x c r e a m c h e e s e, m ayo r um a n d l e m o n r i n d. to o t hi c k , ad d a li t t l e m o r e m ayo. Ad d r ai s i ns, S p r e ad m i x t ur e o n 4 p e a r h a l ve s t h e n to p w i t h h a l ve s to m ake “ w h o l e” p e a r s.

a b ow l I f m i x t ur e i s nut s a n d g i n g e r. r e m ai ni n g p e a r

Pr e h e at ove n to 4 0 0 ° F. O n a bak i n g s h e et p l ac e m ac a r o o n c o o k i e s a n d s li g ht ly to ast t h e m. Re m ove f r o m ove n a n d a ll ow to c o o l. C r um b l e c o o k i e s o nto a wa x p a p e r s h e et . Ro ll w h o l e p e a r s i n t h e c r um b s t h e n p l ac e t h e p e a r s st a n di n g up o n a b e d of l et t u c e. G a r ni s h w i t h m i nt . S e r ve s 4.

P h o t o c r e d i t : w w w.c a f e m e e t i n g p l a c e.c o m

G Goott R Ruum m?? JJuuly ly 22002222 -- 1133

RUM A ging Science: French Oak vs.

American Oak

A Researc h C ollaboration Bet ween

and

Got Rum ? July 2 0 2 2 - 14

G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 2 2 - 1 5

RUM A ging Science Frenc h Oa k vs. A meric a n Oa k Introduction I n Vo lum e 1 of Ru m Ag i n g S c i e n c e (p ub li s h e d f r o m J a nu a r y t h r o u g h D e c e m b e r of 2 0 2 0), we ex p l o r e d t h e a g i n g of r um i n A m e r i c a n O ak , ex- W hi s key ba r r e l s. I n Vo lum e 2 (p ub li s h e d f r o m J a nu a r y t h r o u g h D e c e m b e r of 2 0 21) we ex p l o r e d t h e a g i n g of r um i n n ew A m e r i c a n O ak ba r r e l s. T hi s ye a r ’s Vo lum e ex p l o r e s t h e a g i n g of r um i n Fr e n c h O ak ba r r e l s.

T h e Ru m: J ust as we di d i n Vo lum e s 1 a n d 2, t hi s n ew s e r i e s st a r t s us i n g a l ow c o n g e n e r, c o lum n - di st i ll e d r um, m ad e f r o m fe r m e nte d H T (H i g h Te st o r “m i e l v i r g en ” ) m o l as s e s. We us e l ow - c o n g e n e r r um s o t h at we c a n f o c us m o r e o n d ete c t i n g t h e wo o d ex t r ac t a b l e s a n d t h e i r i m p ac t o n t h e r um’s p r of i l e.

T h e B a r r e l: We s e l e c te d ba r r e l num b e r 2 0 - 0 016 , m ad e by I n d e p e n d e nt S t ave C o m p a ny, w i t h to aste d st ave s a n d c h a r #1 h e ads (s e e p h oto o n p a g e 18).

T h e Wo o d E x t r a c t i ve s: T h e c o m p o s i t i o ns of b ot h A m e r i c a n O ak a n d Fr e n c h O ak h ave a l ot of t hi n g s i n c o m m o n. T h ey a r e, af te r a ll, b ot h o aks. B ut t h e p r o p o r t i o ns of t h e c o m p o n e nt s t h at a r e ex t r ac t a b l e by a l c o h o l di f fe r b et we e n o n e a n d t h e ot h e r.

T h e s e ex t r ac t i ve s i n c lu d e: • • •

•

C e l l u l o s e - i s t h e m o st a b un da nt n at ur a l p o ly m e r o n e a r t h. It c o ns i st s of li n e a r c h ai ns of g lu c o s e uni t s a n d r e m ai ns r e l at i ve ly i nt ac t eve n af te r wo o d c ur i n g a n d to ast i n g.

H e m i c e l l u l o s e - a l s o k n ow n as a “ wo o d su g a r ” i s a t wo - di m e ns i o n a l p o ly m e r c o m p r i s e d of m a ny s i m p l e su g a r s, i n c lu di n g: G lu c o s e, Xy l o s e, M a n n o s e, A r a b i n o s e, G a lac to s e a n d R ha m n o s e.

Li g n i n - d e s p i te t h e f ac t t h at i t i s a l s o o n e of t h e m o st a b un da nt n at ur e - p r o du c e d m ate r i a l s o n e a r t h, li g ni n r e m ai ns o n e of t h e l e ast un d e r sto o d. O ak li g ni n g c o ns i st s of t wo b ui l di n g b l o c ks: g ua iacy l a n d sy r i ngy l. T h e f o r m e r i s r e s p o ns i b l e f o r p r o du c i n g c o n i fer a l d ehyd e, va n i l l i n a n d va n i l l i c ac i d, w hi c h - e s p e c i a lly t h e va ni lli n - a r e e as i ly r e c o g nize d i n c as k- c o n di t i o n s p i r i t s.

O a k t a n n i n s - t h e s e p l a nt p o ly p h e n o l s d e r i ve t h e i r n a m e f r o m t h e L at i n wo r d ta n nu m, w hi c h m e a ns “c r us h e d o ak ba r k ,” s i n c e i n e a r ly t i m e s o ak t r e e s s e r ve d as a m a j o r s o ur c e of t a nni n f o r t h e l e at h e r- t a nni n i n dust r y. Ta nni ns i m p r ove a g e d r um’s c h a r ac te r by i n c r e as i n g t h e p e r c e pt i o n of ba l a n c e, c o m p l ex i t y a n d r o un dn e s s.

S c o p e of S t u dy E ac h m o nt h we w i ll eva lu ate a s a m p l e of t h e r um c o ll e c te d f r o m t h e ba r r e l a n d w i ll r e p o r t i t s p H , A BV a n d c o l o r. We’ll c o m p a r e t h e s e r e sult s a g ai ns t h o s e o bt ai n e d f r o m t h e r um s i n Vo lum e s 1 a n d 2 .

Got Rum Rum? ? July 2 0 2 2 - 16 16

RUM A ging Science Frenc h Oa k vs. A meric a n Oa k

S h o w n a b ove a r e t h e r u m s a m p l e s , t a ke n o u t o f t h e b a r r e l s o n t h e 1s t d ay o f t h e m o nt h.

T h e s e s a m p l e s a r e a g e d i n ( l ef t t o r i g ht): a) n ew Fr e n c h o a k b a r r e l (t h i s s e r i e s) b) n ew A m e r i c a n o a k b a r r e l (2 0 21 s e r i e s) a n d c) u s e d A m e r i c a n o a k , ex- W h i s key b a r r e l (2 0 2 0 s e r i e s).

T h e c o n c e nt r a t i o n o f w o o d ex t r a c t i ve s i s ev i d e nt t o t h e n a ke d eye.

Rum aged in a new, French oak barrel, af ter 6 months O ur r um h as n ow s p e nt s i x m o nt h s i ns i d e i t s ba r r e l at Rum C e nt r a l ’s a g i n g c e ll a r. T h e te m p e r at ur e dur i n g t h e m o nt h of J un e was h ot a n d dr y, t y p i c a l of Texas’ sum m e r s. We r e c e i ve d a s m a ll a m o unt of r ai n at t h e e n d of t h e m o nt h.

G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 2 2 - 1 7

RUM A ging Science Frenc h Oa k vs. A meric a n Oa k

A b ove: t h e b a r r e l t h a t i s t h e s u b j e c t o f t h i s 12- m o n t h , r u m - a g i n g s t u d y. M a d e f r o m Fr e n c h O a k , by I n d e p e n d e n t S t ave C o m p a ny. T h e b a r r e l i s b e i n g ke p t a t t h e R u m C e n t r a l D i s t i l l e d S p i r i t s P l a n t i n Tex a s .

Got Rum Rum? ? July 2 0 2 2 - 18

RUM A ging Science Frenc h Oa k vs. A meric a n Oa k Organoleptic Changes Ac i di t y c o nt i nu e s to i n c r e as e, r e sult i n g i n ad di t i o n a l e ste r i f i c at i o n. T h e a r o m a h as m o r e i nte ns e l e at h e r y a n d s p i c ey t a nni c n ote s, f r o m t h e Fr e n c h o ak ba r r e l. T h e t aste c o nt i nu e s to d eve l o p at t r ac t i ve f r ui t i n e s s.

Phys i c a l Ch a n g e s T h e s e a r e t h e p H r e adi n g s, as r e c o r d e d o n t h e 1st day of e ac h m o nt h, c o m p a r e d to t h e r um s f r o m t h e p r ev i o us Vo lum e s, w hi c h we r e a g e d i n A m e r i c a n O ak ba r r e l s.

pH Januar y Febr uar y M arc h A p r il M ay J une J uly

N ew Frenc h Oak Bar re l 7.0 4 5.16 4. 8 8 4. 5 4 4. 52 4. 42 4. 28

N ew A m er i c an O ak Bar re l 7.0 4 5.01 4. 8 0 4. 5 4 4. 4 5 4. 41 4. 2 9

Use d A m er i c an O ak Bar re l 7.0 4 5.67 5. 32 5. 23 5.10 5.0 3 4. 9 6

A n d t h e s e a r e t h e c h a n g e s i n A BV % r e adi n g s (as of f i r st day of e ac h m o nt h), a l s o c o m p a r e d to t h e A m e r i c a n O ak ba r r e l s:

A BV% Januar y Febr uar y M arc h A p r il M ay J une J uly

N ew Frenc h Oak Bar re l 62. 3 5 62. 3 0 61. 9 2 61. 8 9 61. 87 61. 8 9

N ew A m er i c an O ak Bar re l 62 . 3 5 61. 8 0 61.61 61. 5 0 61. 5 0 61. 3 0

Use d A m er i c an O ak Bar re l 6 3. 4 3 6 3. 42 6 3. 4 3 6 3. 4 3 6 3. 4 0 6 3. 4 0

61.79

61.19

6 3. 4 0

J o i n us a g ai n n ex t m o nt h, as we c o nt i nu e to ex p l o r e t h e f as c i n at i n g wo r l d of r um a g i n g!

G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 2 2 - 1 9

THE MUSE OF MI XO L OGY

by Cr i s D e h l av i

New Orleans Cocktails T h e wo r l d ’s l a r g e st c o c k t ai l fe st i va l, Ta l e s of t h e C o c k t ai l, i s bac k i n N ew O r l e a ns af te r b e i n g v i r t u a l f o r t h e l ast t wo ye a r s (t h a nks to C ov i d -19). I h ave b e e n i nvo l ve d i n t h e C o c k t ai l A p p r e nt i c e Pr o g r a m s i n c e 2 010 w h e n I WAS a n a p p r e nt i c e, wo r k i n g my way up to b e i n g o n e of t h e s e ni o r m a n a g e r s. I c a n’ t wai t to b e bac k w i t h p e o p l e f r o m a ll ove r t h e wo r l d i n t hi s i n c r e di b l e c i t y. T hi s i s a l s o t h e 2 0 -ye a r a nni ve r s a r y of Ta l e s of t h e C o c k t ai l, s o to to ast t hi s m o m e nto us o c c as i o n I t h o u g ht i t o n ly a p p r o p r i ate to w r i te a b o ut N ew O r l e a ns c o c k t ai l s.

M y n a m e i s C r i s D e h l av i a n d I a m a n at i ve of A r i zo n a , b u t h ave l i ve d i n C o l u m b u s , O h i o s i n c e 2 0 0 2 . I j u st to o k o n a n exc i t i n g n ew r o l e a s t h e B r a n d Ed u c ato r f o r C o l u m b u s f o r D i a g e o b r a n d s. I r a n t h e b a r p r o g r a m at “ M ”, of t h e C a m e r o n M i tc h e l l Re st au r a nt g r o u p f r o m 2 0 0 2-2 0 2 0.

I a m c u r r e nt l y t h e V i c e Pr e s i d e nt of C o l u m b u s US BG a n d wa s o n e of t h e f o u n d i n g m e m b e r s of t h e c h a pte r.

I n 2 013 , I at te n d e d t h e r i g o r o u s B . A . R . 5 D ay S p i r i t s C e r t i f i c at i o n a n d h ave b e e n r e c o g n i ze d a s o n e of t h e to p m i xo l o g i st s i n t h e U. S . A . I a m o n e of t h e s e n i o r m a n a g e r s of t h e p r e st i g i o u s a p p r e nt i c e p r o g r a m at Ta l e s of t h e C o c k t a i l a n d wo r k a s a m e nto r to m a ny b a r te n d e r s a r o u n d O h i o.

M y c o nt r i b u t i o n to G ot Ru m? m a g a z i n e w i l l i n c l u d e eve r y t h i n g f r o m r ev i ew s of n at i o n a l c o c k t a i l eve nt s , a r t i c l e s o n m i xo l o g y, g a r n i s h t r e n d s , r e c i p e s a n d te c h n i q u e s , to i nte r v i ew s w i t h s o m e of t h e l e a di n g b a r te n d e r s i n t h e i n d u s t r y.

Got Rum ? Ju July ly 2022 2 0 2 2 - 220 0

M a ny c l as s i c A m e r i c a n c o c k t ai l s we r e c r e ate d r i g ht i n t h e h e a r t of t h e Fr e n c h Q u a r te r. T h e V i e u x C a r r e, Fr e n c h 75, S a ze r ac , R a m o s G i n Fiz z a n d t h e H ur r i c a n e (to n a m e a few). T h e H ur r i c a n e i s t h e o n ly o n e of t h e s e m ad e w i t h r um, h oweve r.

I t o r i g i n ate d at Pat O ’ B r i e n’s, a ba r t h at i s st i ll a st a p l e i n t h e Fr e n c h Q u a r te r a n d h as a r i c h hi sto r y. D ur i n g t h e 19 4 0 s, (a b o ut 10 ye a r s af te r Pr o hi b i t i o n e n d e d) s p i r i t s like B o ur b o n we r e h a r d to f i n d b ut r um was b e i n g t r a ns p o r te d up a n d d ow n t h e M i s s i s s i p p i R i ve r. H oweve r, t h e o n ly way to ac qui r e i t was to p ur c h as e i t i n B UL K s o Pat O ’ B r i e n c o n c o c te d t h e H ur r i c a n e w hi c h qui c k ly b e c a m e t h e ba r ’s s i g n at ur e dr i nk . Yo u c a n st i ll e nj oy o n e to day a n d I hi g h ly e n c o ur a g e yo u to d o s o i f yo u m ake a t r i p to N ew O r l e a ns.

S i n c e we a r e a ll h e r e to l e a r n m o r e a b o ut r um c o c k t ai l s, I wa nte d to s h ow yo u h ow to t ake t h e s e wo n d e r f ul c l as s i c s a n d sw i tc h o ut r um f o r t h e t r adi t i o n a l s p i r i t s. H ave f un w i t h t h e s e a n d p l e as e r e m e m b e r t h e s e a r e s i m p ly my su g g e st i o ns. Rum i s su c h a vast s p i r i t w i t h li te r a lly hun dr e ds of uni qu e

G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 2 2 - 2 1

Got Rum ? July 2 0 2 2 - 22

f l avo r p r of i l e s s o d o n ot h e s i t ate to g et c r e at i ve w i t h t h e b r a n ds yo u c h o o s e.

L ai s s ez l e s b o ns te m p s r o ul e r ! ! (Let t h e g o o d t i m e s r o ll!)

PINEA PPLE 75 •

2 oz. Pl a nt at i o n Pi n e a p p l e Rum

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. 5 oz. S i m p l e S y r up

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. 5 oz. Fr e s h Le m o n J ui c e

•

2 das h e s Peyc h au d ’s B i t te r s

S h ake we ll w i t h i c e a n d st r ai n i nto a c o up e g l as s. To p w i t h c h a m p a g n e.

G a r ni s h w i t h a l e m o n t w i st .

RUM V IEUX CARRE •

1 oz. A p p l eto n Est ate 12 Ye a r Rum

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1 oz. VS C o g n ac

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. 5 oz. S we et Ve r m o ut h

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. 5 oz. B e n e di c t i n e

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2 das h e s Peyc h au d ’s B i t te r s

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2 das h e s A n g o st ur a B i t te r s

S t i r we ll w i t h i c e, a n d st r ai n i nto a r o c ks g l as s ove r o n e l a r g e i c e c ub e. G a r ni s h w i t h a l e m o n t w i st , b e sur e to ze st ove r t h e g l as s.

BAR BA D OS SA Z ERAC •

2 oz. M o unt G ay Ec li p s e XO

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. 5 oz. S i m p l e S y r up

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2 das h e s Peyc h au d ’s B i t te r s

S t i r we ll w i t h i c e unt i l c o l d. R i ns e a r o c ks g l as s w i t h a b s i nt h e, m ak i n g sur e to c o at t h e g l as s t h o r o u g h ly. D i s c a r d t h e a b s i nt h e, t h e n st r ai n i n t h e c hi ll e d c o c k t ai l. D o n ot ad d i c e, b ut ze st a l e m o n p e e l ove r t h e to p a n d dr o p i nto t h e dr i nk .

Enj oy ! !

G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 2 2 - 2 3

LI BR A RY Rev i ew s of b o o ks r e l ate d to su g a r c a n e, m i lli n g, fe r m e nt at i o n, di st i ll at i o n, a g i n g, b l e n di n g a n d ot h e r to p i c s r e l ate d to t h e p r o du c t i o n o r hi sto r y of r um. w w w. Rum U ni ve r s i t y.c o m

Got Rum ? July 2 0 2 2 - 24

From Rainforest to Cane Field in Cuba: An Environmental History Since 1492 (Publisher ’s Revi ew) In t his awar d - w inning enviro nment al histo r y of Cuba sinc e t he ag e of C o lumbus, aut h o r Reinal do Fune s M o nzote emphasize s t he t wo pr o c e s se s t hat have had t he m o st dr amat ic impac t o n t he island’s landsc ap e: defo re st at i o n and sugar c ult ivat i o n. D ur ing t he f ir st 3 0 0 year s of Spanish set t l em ent , sugar p lant at i o ns ar o se p r imar ily in areas w here fo re st s had b een c leare d by t he royal nav y, w hic h maint aine d an intere st in management and c o nser vat i o n fo r t he shipbuil ding indust r y. T he sugar planter s wo n a de c isive vic to r y in 1815, however, w hen t hey were all owe d to c lear ex tensive fo re st s, w it hout re st r ic t i o n, fo r c ane f i el ds and sugar p ro duc t i o n.

T his b o ok is t he f ir st to c o nsi der Cuba’s vit al sugar indust r y t hr ough t he lens of enviro nment al histo r y. Fune s M o nzote dem o nst r ate s h ow t he indust r y t hat c am e to def ine Cuba - and up o n w hic h Cuba urgent ly dep ende d - - also devast ate d t he e c o l o gy of t he island.

T he o r i ginal S panish - language e dit i o n of t he b o ok, publishe d in M ex ic o in 20 0 4, was awarde d t he UNESCO B o ok Pr ize fo r Car ibb ean T hought , Envir o nm ent al Cate g o r y. Fo r t his f ir st English e dit i o n, t he aut ho r has revise d t he tex t t hroughout and pr ovi de d new mater ial, inc luding a gl o s s ar y and a c o nc lusi o n t hat summar ize s imp o r t ant devel o pment s up to t he pre sent .

Pub lisher : T he Univer sit y of N o r t h Caro lina Pre s s (M arc h 3, 20 0 8) L anguag e: English Pap er bac k: 378 pag e s IS B N -10: 0 8 078 5 8 5 87 IS B N -13: 978 - 0 8 078 5 8 5 8 5 Item Wei ght: 1.13 p ounds D imensi o ns: 6 x 0. 9 5 x 9 inc he s

G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 2 2 - 2 5

5th A nnual

RUM

And The Environment

AWA RDS OPEN CA LL

Got Got Rum Rum?? Ju July ly 2022 2 0 2 2 -- 226 6

At t ent ion Rum D i st ill e r s, Sug a rc an e Fa r m e r s, Sug a r Mill s, Co c k t ail Ba r s, Br and O w n e r s and Br and A m b a s sad o r s: S ub m i t i nf o r m at i o n r e g a r di n g yo ur c o m p a ny ’s ef f o r t s towa r ds m ak i n g t hi s wo r l d a b et te r p l ac e to li ve. W i nn e r s w i ll b e fe at ur e d i n t h e D e c e m b e r 2 0 2 2 i s su e of “ G ot Rum? ”.

C ate g o r i e s i n c lu d e, b ut a r e n ot li m i te d to: • •

C a r b o n N e ut r a l a n d /o r Z e r o Waste • Le ad e r s hi p /C o m muni t y S e r v i c e • O r g a ni c , N o n - GMO, Fai r Tr ad e Us e of Re n ewa b l e (S o l a r/ W i n d) En e r g y • O c e a n o r R i ve r C l e a nup S ub m i t yo ur n o m i n e e by w r i t i n g to: n ew s @ g ot r um.c o m

Presented by The Rum University™ and “Got Rum?” Magazine.

Past winners appear on the December issue of each year. Visit “Archives” at w w w.gotrum.com.

G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 2 2 - 2 7

Got Got Rum Rum?? Ju July ly 2022 2 0 2 2 -- 228 8

Your O n e - Stop Shop fo r Ag ed Rum s in Bulk!

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C olumn - D istilled, Pot- D istilled or Blends

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High C ongener (Inc luding High Ester s), Low C ongener or Blends Aged in A mer ic an or Frenc h Oak Bar rels

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Finished in W hiskey, Bour bon, Tequila, W ine, Por t, M usc at or Sher r y Bar rels

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D istilled in the USA , C entral A mer ic a, South A mer ic a or in the Car ibbean

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O ver 15 0 M ar ks /St yles Available, plus Custom Blends •

Low Minimums and Fast Tur naround, Wor ldwide Shipping

w w w.RumCentral.com G Goott RRuum m?? JJuully y 2022 - 29

THE RUM HISTORIAN

by M arc o Pi er ini I w a s b o r n i n 19 5 4 i n a l i t t l e t o w n i n Tu s c a ny (I t a l y) w h e r e I s t i l l l i ve. I n my y o u t h , I g o t a d e g r e e i n P h i l o s o p hy i n F l o r e n c e a n d I s t u d i e d Po l i t i c a l S c i e n c e i n M a d r i d , b u t my r e a l p a s s i o n h a s a l w ay s b e e n H i s t o r y a n d t h r o u g h H i s t o r y I h ave a l w ay s t r i e d t o understand the world, and men.

L i f e b r o u g h t m e t o w o r k i n t o u r i s m , eve n t o r g a n i z a t i o n a n d vo c a t i o n a l t r a i n i n g . T h e n , a l r e a d y i n my f i f t i e s I d i s c ove r e d r u m a n d I f e l l i n l ove w i t h i t .

I was one of the founders of the firm La Casa d e l R u m. We b e g a n by r u n n i n g a b e a c h b a r i n my h o m e t o w n , b u t s o o n o u r p a s s i o n f o r rum led us to select, bottle and sell Premium R u m s a l l ove r I t a l y.

I h ave v i s i t e d d i s t i l l e r i e s , m e t r u m p e o p l e, a t t e n d e d r u m Fe s t i va l s a n d j o i n e d t h e R u m Fa m i l y : t h e n e t o f d i s t i l l e r s , p r o f e s s i o n a l s , ex p e r t s , b l o g g e r s , j o u r n a l i s t s a n d a f i c i o n a d o s t h a t i s a l i ve eve r y d ay o n t h e Internet and on social media and, before C ov i d -19 , m e t u p eve r y n o w a n d t h e n a t t h e va r i o u s r u m eve n t s a l l ove r t h e w o r l d .

A n d I h ave s t u d i e d t o o, b e c a u s e R u m i s n o t o n l y a g r e a t d i s t i l l a t e, i t ’s a w o r l d . P r o d u c e d i n s c o r e s o f c o u n t r i e s , by t h o u s a n d s o f c o m p a n i e s , w i t h a n ex t r a o r d i n a r y va r i e t y o f a r o m a s a n d f l avo r s , i t i s a f a s c i n a t i n g f i e l d of studies. I began to understand something a b o u t s u g a r c a n e, f e r m e n t a t i o n , d i s t i l l a t i o n , ageing and so on.

S o o n , I d i s c ove r e d t h a t r u m h a s a l s o a t e r r i b l e a n d r i c h H i s t o r y, m a d e o f voy a g e s and conquests, blood and sweat, imperial f l e e t s a n d r evo l u t i o n s . I s o o n r e a l i z e d t h a t t h i s H i s t o r y d e s e r ve d t o b e r e s e a r c h e d p r o p e r l y a n d I d e c i d e d t o d evo t e my s e l f t o i t w i t h a l l my p a s s i o n a n d w i t h t h e h e l p o f t h e b a s i c s c h o l a r l y t o o l s I h a d l e a r n t d u r i n g my o l d u n i ve r s i t y ye a r s .

S i n c e 2 013 , I h ave b e e n r u n n i n g t h i s c o l u m n .

I n 2 017 I p u b l i s h e d t h e b o o k “A MERI C A N RUM – A S h o r t H i s t o r y o f R u m i n E a r l y A m e r i c a” S i n c e 2 018 , I h ave a l s o b e e n c o n t r i b u t i n g t o t h e M a d r i d b a s e d m a g a z i n e R u m p o r t e r.e s , t h e S p a n i s h e d i t i o n o f t h e Fr e n c h m a g a z i n e R u m p o r t e r.

I n 2 019 I b e g a n t o r u n a B l o g: w w w.t h e r u m h i s t o r i a n .c o m a n d d e c i d e d t o l e ave L a C a s a d e l R u m.

I n 2 0 2 0 , w i t h my s o n C l a u d i o, I h ave p u b l i s h e d a n e w b o o k “ F REN C H RUM – A H i s t o r y 16 3 9 -19 0 2 ”.

I am currently doing new research on the Histor y of Cuban Rum.

Got Rum ? July 2 0 2 2 - 30

HISTORY O F C U B A N RUM 1. FOR B IDDEN B EVER AGES W it h t hi s a r t i c l e I b e gin a l o n g s e r i e s devote d to w hat i s p o s s ib ly t h e m o st i c o ni c of r um s, Cuban Rum. I d o n’ t k n ow i f in t h e USA it i s t h e s am e, but a ll ove r Eur o p e (w it h t h e pa r t i a l exc e pt i o n of G re at B r it ain an d Fr anc e) w h e n p e o p l e t hink of r um, t h ey t hink f ir st an d fo re m o st of Cuba, an d t h e ot h e r way r o un d.

A n d yet , I ant i c ipate t hat Cuba e m e r g e d re lat i ve ly late in t h e wo r l d s c e n e of r um p r o duc t i o n: in t h e f ir st c e ntur i e s of Rum, t h e 16 0 0 s an d 170 0 s, t h e B r it i sh Emp ir e was t h e h o m e lan d of Rum. O nly muc h late r, a r o un d t h e mi d dl e of t h e 18 0 0 s, di d Cuban Rum st ar t it s r ap i d r i s e towa r ds t h e wo r l d. A n d o nly in t h e 19 0 0 s, w it h t h e h e lp of Pr o hib it i o n, di d it g et into t h e H a ll of Fam e of Rum, w it h a wo r l d w i d e, last in g suc c e s s. A ny way, t h e hi sto r y of Cuban Rum i s l o n g an d c o mp l ex, an d it d e s e r ve s to b e to l d ac c ur ate ly. Let ’s b e gin.

A wo r d of wa r nin g. Fo r t hi s a r t i c l e, I r e ly m o st ly o n a s e mina l e s s ay by M anu e l H e r nán d ez G o nz á l e s “L a p o lém ic a s o br e la

fab r ic ac i ó n d e ag uar d i ente de c aña entr e las el i tes c ar i b eñas y el c o m er c i o c anar i o en el s i g l o X VI I I ” ( T h e c o nt r ove r sy ab o ut t h e m ak in g of su g arc an e bur nin g wate r b et we e n C a r ib b e an e lite s an d t h e C ana r y t r ad e in t h e X VIII c e ntur y ” ). W h e n n ot ot h e r w i s e sp e c i f i e d, t h e qu ote s are f r o m t hi s e s s ay; t h e t r ans lat i o n i s m in e (w it h a lit t l e h e lp f r o m my f am i ly).

Fr o m t h e ve r y b e ginnin g of t h e S pani sh c o l o niz at i o n, in t h e 15 0 0 s, t h e S pani sh Cr ow n p r o hib ite d t h e p r o duc t i o n an d c o nsumpt i o n of t h e fe r m e nte d al c o h o li c b eve r a g e s us e d by A m e r i c an In di ans, w it h a few exc e pt i o ns, like Pu l que in N ew S pain (r o u ghly p re s e nt- day M ex i c o).

T h e of f i c i a l r e as o n fo r t h e p r o hib it i o n was p r ote c t in g t h e h e alt h of t h e I nd i o s : b ot h t h e ir p hys i c al h e alt h, dam ag e d by exc e s si ve c o nsum pt i o n, an d t h e ir m o r a l, sp ir it ua l h e a lt h, s inc e dr unke nn e s s of te n b r o u g ht ab o ut var i o us k in ds of c r im e s an d sins. B ut t h e re was m o re.

By p r o hib it in g t r adit i o na l a l c o h o li c b eve r a g e s (fo r t h e s ake of c lar it y, I re p e at , fe r m e nte d), t h e Cr ow n an d t h e Chur c h wante d to e r adi c ate t h e r itual us e (r e li gi o us, m agi c al, etc) of t h o s e b eve r a g e s in t h e in di g e n o us c ulture s an d r e li gi o ns, w hi c h we re c o ns i de re d an o b st ac l e to t h e c o m p l ete c o l o niz at i o n an d Chr i st i aniz at i o n of t h o s e p o p ulat i o ns.

T h e r e we r e p ure ly e c o n o m i c re as o ns to o.

S pain was a m aj o r p r o duc e r an d ex p o r te r of w in e an d b r an dy, an d t h e aut h o r it i e s wante d to d efe n d t h o s e e c o n o m i c inte r e st s, by gr ant in g a m o n o p o ly p o sit i o n o n t h e A m e r i c an m ar ket to S pani sh w in e an d b r an dy, ag ainst t h e c o mp et it i o n of t h e muc h c h e ap e r l o c a l p r o duc t s. I n de e d, t h e S pani sh Cr ow n p r o hib ite d a ls o t h e c ult i vat i o n of gr ap e s an d t h e m ak in g of w in e an d b r an dy (ag ain, w it h a few exc e pt i o ns) an d, inc r e asin g ly, t h e m ak in g of t h e n ew S p ir it m ad e f r o m su g arc an e, w hi c h in t h e of f i c i a l d o c um e nt s of t h e t im e i s of te n c all e d Ag uar d i ente de C aña (su g arc an e bur nin g wate r), i.e., o ur Rum.

Va r i o us laws we r e pas s e d p r o hib it in g t h e m ak in g an d c o nsumpt i o n of t h e s o c a ll e d B eb i das Pr o hi b i das (Fo r b i d d e n B eve r a g e s), but w it h lit t l e suc c e s s.

Eve r y n ow an d t h e n n ew laws re ite r ate d t h e p r o hib it i o n, eve n w it h ve r y h a r sh p e na lt i e s, b ut a l ways w it h limite d suc c e s s. N o b o dy o p p o s e d t h e w ill of t h e C r ow n o p e nly, an d of te n t h e Royal O f f i c i a ls n ew ly a r r i ve d in A m e r i c a wo ul d t r y to e nfo rc e t h e law. B ut t h e n, as t im e we nt o n, t h e ir ze a l was ove r w h e lm e d by t h e e n o r m o us spac e s t h ey h ad to insp e c t , by t h e c o mp l ex it y of t h e s o c i al st r uc tur e, t h e n et wo r k of l o c a l c usto ms an d inte r e st s an d, last but n ot l e ast , by sh e e r b r ib e r y. “ T h e s eve r a l r e p et it i o ns of t h e o r d e r a g ainst ‘ la f ab r i c a y us o d e a g ua r di e nte d e c aña’ imp ly n ot o nly t hat t h e g ove r nm e nt fo un d s o m e di f f i c ult y in e nfo r c in g t h e r ulin g but a ls o t hat t h ey we re adam ant ab o ut it s e nfo r c e m e nt .

W hil e s o m e mi g ht h ave e n g a g e d in b o ot l e g gin g r um, t h e g ove r nm e nt suc c e e d e d in ke e p in g it s di st illat i o n f r o m eve r b e c o min g m o re t han t hat .”

(J. M c Cuske r “T he R u m Tr a d e and the B a lanc e o f Pay m ents o f the T hi r te en C o nti nenta l C o l o n i es ” 1970). T h e p r o hib it i o ns, t hat i s, di d n ot p reve nt t h e p r o duc t i o n an d c o nsumpt i o n of a g uar d i ente d e c aña, but ef fe c t i ve ly b l o c ke d t h e f ull d eve l o p m e nt of t h e s e c to r. Ag ain, ac c o r din g to M c Cuske r : “ T h ey we r e ef fe c t i ve e n o u g h in ke e p in g d ow n l o c a l di st illat i o n s o t hat t h e Fr e nc h We st I n di e s fo un d a m a r ket in N ew S pain fo r t h e ir r um.”

Let ’s s e e, fo r examp l e, w h at Pé r e L abat w r ite s: “ T h e sp ir it we m ake o n t h e I s lan ds w it h m ash & su g a r sy r up s, it ’s n ot o n e of t h e l e ast us e d dr inks, we c a ll it G u i ld i ve o r Taf f ia. T h e S ava g e s, t h e N e g r o s, t h e l ow ly s et t l e r s & c r af t sm e n a re n ot l o o k in g fo r an ot h e r o n e & t h ey lac k s e l f - c o nt r o l w it h t hi s ite m, it i s e n o u g h fo r t h e m t hat t hi s li qu o r i s st r o n g, v i o l e nt & c h e ap; it d o e sn’ t m at te r w h et h e r it ’s h a r sh an d unp l e as ant . I ’m n ot g o in g to t a lk ab o ut it in an ot h e r p lac e. We t ake a l ot to

G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 2 2 - 3 1

t h e S pani sh o n t h e c o ast of C ar ac as, C a r t a g e na, H o n dur as & t h e b i g i s lan ds” It was an i ll e g al t r af f i c , c o nt r aban d, b e c aus e ac c o r din g to t h e m e rc ant ili st t h e o r i e s of t h e ag e, A m e r i c an s et t l e r s must t r ad e o nly w it h t h e M ot h e r C o unt r y.

S mu g g lin g f l o ur i sh e d all ove r t h e At lant i c Wo r l d, but it was e sp e c i ally w i de s p re ad in t h e S pani sh Em p i re. S pani sh A m e r i c a, ac c o r din g to t h e law, had to t r ade o nly w it h S pain, in de e d o nly w it h t h e p o r t of S ev ill e (late r C adiz) w hi c h had t h e m o n o p o ly o n t r ade w it h L as I nd ias ( T h e I n di e s). B ut t h e S pani sh e c o n o my was r e lat i ve ly bac k war d an d was t hus unab l e to m anu f ac ture t h e quant it y an d qua lit y of t h e r e quire d g o o ds. T h e S pani sh m e r c h ant s in S ev i ll e we re of te n o b li g e d to buy in Eur o p e t h e m anu f ac ture d g o o ds w hi c h t h ey t h e n re - s o l d in t h e In di e s, o bv i o us ly w it h a shar p inc re as e in c o st s.

T h e r efo r e t h e g o o ds w hi c h re ac h e d A m e r i c a l e g ally we re al ways s c ar c e an d ex p e nsi ve, an d of te n l ow - qualit y to o.

A n d t h e s am e hap p e n e d t h e ot h e r way r o un d: t h e S pani sh ve s s e l s o n w hi c h to c a r r y l e g ally to S ev i ll e t h e p r o duc t s of t h e I n di e s we re few, an d t h e c o st of f r e i g ht was hi gh. Ac tually, smu g glin g w it h t h e D utc h, t h e En g li sh etc . was in di sp e ns ab l e to eve r yday li fe an d to t h e d eve l o p m e nt of b ot h e c o n o my an d s o c i et y. Eve r y b o dy k n ew an d m any m ad e a p r of it f r o m it , inc lu din g m any Roya l of f i c i a ls.

T h e Wa r of t h e S pani sh Suc c e s s i o n (1701-1714) b r o u ght a B o ur b o n K in g to t h e S pani sh t hr o n e: Phi lip V, a gr an ds o n of t h e Fr e nc h K in g Lui s X IV, T h e S un K in g. U n d e r Phi lip V, t h e inf lu e nc e of Fr e nc h c e nt r ali sm an d dy nam i sm b e c am e w i d e sp r e ad in S pain. In par t i c ular, as f a r as we are c o nc e r n e d, a s i gni f i c ant p r o duc t i o n of w in e an d b r an dy deve l o p e d in C at a l o ni a w hi c h m e ant to m o n o p o li s e t h e A m e r i c an m ar ket . T h e refo re, n ew p r o hib it i o ns to p r o duc e aguar di e nte d e c aña in A m e r i c a we re i s su e d, an d f r e sh at te m pt s we re m ade to e nfo r c e t h e law, st ill to lit t l e avai l. In t h o s e ye a r s a n ew p laye r e nte re d t h e g am e to o, t h e

Got Rum ? July 2 0 2 2 - 32

m e r c h ant s of t h e C ana r y I s lan ds, w h o fo r s o m e t im e had h ad t h e p r i v il e g e to ex p o r t t h e ir w in e s an d b r an di e s to t h e I n di e s l e g a lly, a lb e it fo r limite d quant it i e s.

I n exc h an g e, t h e C ana r y Is lan ds we re r e quir e d to s e n d a c e r t ain numb e r of s et t l e r s to p o p ulate A m e r i c a. S o o n, t h e inte re st of t h e s o c a ll e d Is leñ os (I s lan d e r s) fo c us e d o n Cuba. “ I n t h e C a r ib b e an Wo r l d w in e c o nsumpt i o n was r at h e r l ow. T h e C anar y p r o duc e r s fo un d t h e ms e lve s c o mp e ll e d to d eve l o p b r an dy p r o duc t i o n, t h e par r a, in o r d e r to c r e ate a m a r ket fo r t h e ir gr ap e s, s inc e t h e d e m an d fo r w in e was s o limite d ”. O n t h e ot h e r han d, “c o nsum pt i o n of a g uar d i ente d e c aña must have b e e n hi g h in t h e I n di e s, s inc e it s p r o duc t i o n d eve l o p e d o n a pa r w it h t h e p r o duc t i o n of su g a r t hr o u g h t h e us e of p ot st ills to di st il m o las s e s an d ot h e r by - p r o duc t s.

I n it s m ani fo l d us e s – as f u e l, c l e anin g f lui d fo r p e r s o na l hygi e n e, b eve r ag e, p reve nt i ve an d c ur at i ve m e di c in e, a g uar d i ente d e c aña re p lac e d in Cuba, t h anks to t h e di f fe re nc e in p r i c e, t h e b r an dy imp o r te d f r o m S pain an d m o st ly f r o m t h e C ana r i e s.”

S e llin g b r an dy in Cuba was n ot e asy. T h e l o c a l r um was p l e nt i f ul, a l ways availab l e an d muc h c h e ap e r, m o r e ove r it s e e m s it was m o re p o p ula r w it h c o nsum e r s. In 1714 a n ew Roya l D e c r e e p r o hib ite d t h e p r o duc t i o n an d s a l e “of t h e b eve r ag e a g uar d i ente d e c aña in t h e K in g d o m s of t h e I n di e s” an d s inc e p r ev i o us bans had n ot h ad t h e d e s ir e d ef fe c t , t hi s t im e n ot o nly was p r o duc t i o n p r o hib ite d, but it was o r d e r e d t h at a ll p ot st ills an d ot h e r inst r um e nt s an d m ate r i a ls us e d to p r o duc e it sh o ul d b e d e st r oye d; o n to p of t h at , a f in e of 10 p es os was imp o s e d o n t h e ow n e r. C o nte mp o r a r y d o c um e nt s in L a H abana, V illac la r a y S anc t i S pìr itus c o nf ir m t h at o n t h e p lant at i o ns it was c o mm o n p r ac t i c e to p r o duc e a g uar d i ente d e c aña an d eve n t hi s t im e t h e ef fe c t s we r e limite d, s o muc h s o t hat t h e p r o hib it i o n was r e ite r ate d in 172 0 an d in 1724.

In a r e p o r t w r it te n ar o un d 1737, “ t h e di sc e r nin g p e r p etual g ove r n o r of t h e tow n c o unc il of L a L aguna J o s é A nto ni o de A nc hi et a y A larc ó n p inp o int s t h e exac t re as o ns fo r t h e inc re as e in p r o duc t i o n an d c o nsumpt i o n of aguar d i ente de c aña in Cuba to t h e det r im e nt of b r an dy. Fir st of a ll, t h e si g ni f i c ant inc re as e in fo re st c l e a r anc e an d l o g gin g in o r d e r to p lant su g a r c an e n e ar L a H abana, f r o m w hi c h c am e c o nt inu o us l o ads of aguar d i ente p r o duc e d o n t h e p lant at i o ns. W hat h e s ays ab o ut t h e p r i c e i s devast at in g.

T h e a g uar d i ente i s s o l d 28 , 3 0 p es o s t h e ba r r e l at t h e m o st an d a b ox in t h e t ave r ns to 3 s i l ve r r ea l es, te n t im e s l e s s t han a b ox of b r an dy. T h e num b e r of c aul dr o ns an d p ot st i ll s has inc re as e d sp e c t ac ula r ly, t h ey ar r i ve o n t h e B r it i sh ship s of t h e as i ento o r f r o m N ew S pain: t h e quant it y p r o duc e d i s s o gre at t hat t h ey ex p o r t it to C am p e c h e an d Fl o r i da.

B efo r e suc h ab un danc e at suc h a l ow c o st t h e c o nt inuit y of a t r ade bas e d o n b r an dy was im p o s s ib l e” D e A nc hi et a y A larc ó n had re ali s e d w it h gr e at c la r it y t hat ove r t h e ye ar s Cuba had c han g e d. I t was n o m o re just an im p o r t ant p o r t of c all an d a p r ov i de r of m e at an d hi d e s fo r t h e In di e s Fl e et . I n t h e f ir st ha l f of t h e 170 0 s agr i c ulture, e sp e c i a lly to bac c o an d su g ar, b e c am e c e nt r a l to t h e e c o n o my an d s o c i et y of t h e i s lan d. T h e d eve l o p m e nt of su g arc an e c ult i vat i o n an d of su g ar m ak in g had it s hi g hs an d l ows, but o n t h e w h o l e it g r ew, st a r t in g to m ar k an d shap e fo reve r t h e ag r i c ult ur a l lan ds c ap e an d t h e s o c i al f ab r i c . We k n ow fo r sure t hat in 174 9 t h e r e we r e 6 2 p lant at i o ns r o un d L a H avana an d in 1761 t h e re we re alre ady 9 8 , an d of b i g g e r s ize. T h e bulk of p r o duc t i o n was c o nc e nt r ate d ar o un d t h e c ap it a l w hi c h, t hanks to it s f ac i lit i e s an d it s ha r b o ur, all owe d t h e c ur b in g of t r ansp o r t c o st s.

A n d w h e r e t h e re i s su g ar, s o o n e r o r late r t h e r e i s r um to o. “ T h e di st i llin g of a g uar d i entes de c aña i s n e ar ly as o l d as t h e p lant at i o ns t h e m s e l ve s …

It i s p r o duc e d o n all we ll m anag e d

p lant at i o ns in a sp e c i f i c d e pa r t m e nt , s o m et im e s s e pa r ate d f r o m t h e m ain buil din g w h e re su g a r i s m ad e, an d w hi c h i s nam e d af te r t h e ve r y ap pa r atus it c o nt ains, t h e a l e mb i c ”; s o s ays J ac o b o d e la Pezu e la t h e fo ll ow in g c e ntur y in hi s g re at “D ic c i o narío … d e la Is la d e C u ba ” (D i c t i o na r y … of t h e I s lan d of Cuba) 18 6 3 .

T h e C ana r i e s’ p r o duc e r s di d n ot gi ve up an d ap p e a l e d o nc e m o re to t h e C r ow n.

O n 5t h J un e 173 9 a n ew law re ite r ate d t h e p r o hib it i o n, t hi s t im e eve n d e c r e e in g t h at “ w it hin 15 days t h e Cuban p lante r s sh o ul d c o nsum e a ll t h e a g uar d i ente de c aña p r o duc e d by t h e ir p ot st ills, w hi c h had to b e ha lte d an d d e st r oye d, un d e r p e na lt y of a f in e of 2 0 0 du c a d o s.”

T hi s t im e, t h o u g h, t h e re ac t i o n of t h e H avana p lante r s was di f fe r e nt . H av in g by n ow b e c o m e r i c h t hanks to to bac c o an d hav in g launc h e d t h e ms e lve s towar ds su g a rc an e p lant at i o n, t h e H avana p lante r s di d n ot re s p o n d to t h e n ew p r o hib it i o n w it h s il e nc e an d fe i g n e d o b e di e nc e, w hil e m ana gin g eve r y t hin g as b efo re in ac tua l f ac t . N o, t hi s t im e t h e p lante r s to o k a c l e a r, p ub li c st an d, t r y in g to d efe n d t h e ir inte r e st s l e g a lly.

I n d e e d, in t h e s am e 173 9, t h e p lante r s re p li e d w it h a “M em o r ia l d e l o s du eñ os d e i ng en i o s d e L a H abana ” (M e m o ir of t h e p lante r s of L a H avana). I n it t h ey vo i c e d t h e ir o p p o s it i o n to t h e e nt r y into fo r c e of t h e n ew law an d p re s e nte d t h e ir a r g um e nt s ve r y c l e a r ly. T h ey o p e nly d e c la re d t h at t h ey h ad b e e n p r o duc in g a g uar d i ente d e c aña fo r s o m e t im e, an d t h at t h ey wante d to g o o n p r o duc in g it b e c aus e it was c r uc i a l to t h e sur v i va l of t h e ir e nte r p r i s e s, gi ve n t h e hi g h c o st of s et t in g up an d r un a p lant at i o n an d t h e l ow p r i c e t h ey g et fo r su g a r.

T h at ’s a ll fo r n ow, we w ill examin e t hi s ex t r ao r dina r y, v ir tua lly unk n ow n d o c um e nt in t h e n ex t a r t i c l e.

M a rc o Pi e r ini

G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 2 2 - 3 3

The RUM Drinks Of

SUMMER Got Rum ? Ju July ly 2022 2022 - 3 34 4

G Goott R Ruum m?? JJu llyy 2 0 2 2 - 3 5

St r aw b er r y & K iw i M oji to Ingre di ent s • • • • • • • •

2 oz. W hite Rum 1 oz. Fre shly S que eze d Lime J uic e ½ oz. Cane Sy r up 8 M int Leave s 5 St r aw b er r i e s, hulle d and slic e d 2 K i w is, p eele d and slic e d A pprox 1 c up of S o da Water I c e fo r muddling and dr ink ing

Prepar at i o n 1. M uddle 3 slic e d st r aw b er r i e s and 1 slic e d k i w i w it h 2 oz of r um in a shaker.

2. Add 1 oz lime juic e, ½ oz c ane sy r up, and a few c ub e s of ic e.

3. Spank 5 mint leave s and add to shaker.

4. Ro ll o r shake dr ink fo r 3 0 se c o nds.

5. Pour into de sire d glas s, add ic e, s o da water, 3 m o re mint leave s, and remaining slic e s of k i w i and st r aw b er r y to gar nish.

Got Rum Rum?? July July 22002222 -- 36 36 Got

Goott R Ruum m?? JJuully G y 2022 - 37

Fancy I c e Cub e s fo r Ref re shing Co c k t ail s A ma ze your gue st s by ser ving t hem upsc ale c o c k t ails gar nishe d w it h ic e c ub e s t hat c o mplement t he bever ag e s.

Tr apping slic e s of lime in t he ic e c ub e s not o nly adds a visual touc h to t he dir nks, but t he smell of t he lime is sl ow ly “unveile d,” re sult ing in a m o re subt le ex p er i enc e.

You c an f reeze f re sh f r uit s and f r uit juic e s as we ll. If f reezing f l ower s, however, you’ll nee d to f re eze t he c ub e s in layer s, so t hat t he f l ower s do not f l oat to t he sur fac e. S imply st ar t w it h 1/ 3 of t he c apac it y of t he ic e c ub e m o l d f ille d w it h water, t hen p lac e t he e dib le f l ower s and f re eze. O nc e f rozen, add anot her 1/ 3 of water w it h addit i o nal f l ower s, t hen f reeze and f inally to p of f t he last t hird w it h water and f re eze.

T he sk y is t he limit!

Got Rum ? Ju July ly 2022 2022 - 3 38 8

G Goott R Ruum m?? JJu llyy 2 0 2 2 - 3 9

Ke ep I t Simp l e S o met ime s all you nee d to c hill out is a c ouple of ic e c ub e s and your favo r ite b ot t le of age d r um!

S it bac k, rela x and let t he g o o d t ime s ro ll!

Got Got Rum Rum?? July July 22002222 -- 40 40

G Goott R Ruum m?? JJuully y 2022 - 41

Presents

The Sugar Mill: Origins and Evolution

Got Got Rum Rum?? July July 22002222 -- 42 42

G Goott R Ruum m?? JJuully y 2022 - 43

Introduction S u g a r c a n e (S ac c ha r u m o f f i c i na r u m) i s a p e r e nni a l g r as s of t h e f a m i ly Poac eae. I t i s p r i m a r i ly c ult i vate d f o r i t s j ui c e, f r o m w hi c h a l c o h o l (t h r o u g h fe r m e nt at i o n a n d di st i ll at i o n) a n d su g a r (t h r o u g h d e hi dr at i o n a n d r ef i ni n g) c a n b e o bt ai n e d. M o st of t h e wo r l d ’s su g a r c a n e i s g r ow n i n subt r o p i c a l a n d t r o p i c a l a r e as.

I t i s c o m m o n ly ac c e pte d to day t h at su g a r c a n e o r i g i n ate d i n Pa p u a, N ew G ui n e a, w h e r e i t was i ni t i a lly d o m e st i c ate d. T h e p l a nt was t h e n t ake n to ot h e r l a n ds by t r ad e r s, w h e r e i t s swe et v i r t u e s qui c k ly m ad e i t a s o u g ht- af te r c o m m o di t y.

I t i s a l s o c o m m o n ly ac c e pte d t h at a r o un d 10,0 0 0 ye a r s a g o, t h e o r i g i n a l i nh a b i t a nt s of Pa p u a di d n ot h ave to o l s to p r o c e s s t h e c a n e, m e a ni n g t h at t h ey like ly c h ewe d i t r aw to ex t r ac t t h e j ui c e, w hi c h was c o nsum e d as - i s (N o ë l D e e r r, T h e H is to r y o f S u g a r : Vo lu m e O ne).

N ot mu c h w r i t te n hi sto r y ex i st s t h at d o c um e nt s t h e e a r ly ex t r ac t i o n of t h e j ui c e f o r t h e p ur p o s e of d e hydr at i o n a n d f o r m at i o n of su g a r c r yst a l s unt i l t h e p ub li c at i o n of D e M a ter ia M e d i c a, a p h a r m ac o p o e i a of m e di c i n a l p l a nt s a n d t h e m e di c i n e s t h at c a n b e o bt ai n e d f r o m t h e m, w hi c h was w r i t te n b et we e n t h e ye a r s 5 0 a n d 70 of t h e c ur r e nt e r a by Pe da ni us D i o s c o r i d e s, a G r e e k p hys i c i a n i n t h e Ro m a n a r my. T hi s i s t h e o l d e st r e c o r d d o c um e nt i n g t h e ex i ste n c e of c r yst a lize d su g a r, w hi c h was us e d at t h e t i m e to “ t r e at i n di g e st i o n a n d sto m ac h ai lm e nt s.”

H ow di d p e o p l e m a n a g e to ex t r ac t t h e di s s o l ve d su g a r f r o m t h e j ui c e?

T h e a nswe r s to t hi s qu e st i o n a r e at t h e c o r e of t hi s s e r i e s. S o j o i n us, as we ex p l o r e t hi s f as c i n at i n g to p i c !

Got Got Rum Rum?? Ju July ly 2022 2 0 2 2 -- 444 4

Par t 7: The Ver tical Hydraulic Press I d e as f o r inn ovat in g p r o duc t s d o n ot al ways suc c e e d. T h e r e as o ns f o r t h e ir f ai lur e s inc lu d e: •

A p o o r un d e r st an din g of t h e p r o b l e m t hat n e e ds to b e s o l ve d,

•

A lac k of r e s o ur c e s to im p l e m e nt t h e n ew s o lut i o n

•

A f ai lur e to m ar ket o r p r o m ote t h e b e n ef it s of t h e p r o p o s e d s o lut i o n

T h e f ir st st ag e of any inn ovat i o n p r o c e s s i s t h e ac t ual g e n e r at i o n of t h e i d e a. M any t im e s t h e i d e as ar e g e n e r ate d by “ ins i d e r s” (t h e p e o p l e p e r f o r min g a par t i c ular t r ad e). T h ey m ay wo n d e r o r im agin e t h e p r o c e s s o r t h e to o l s b e in g d i f fer ent but t h ey m ay lac k t h e k n ow l e d g e of h ow to c r e ate t h e alte r nate ve r s i o ns.

O t h e r t im e s t h e i d e as ar e g e n e r ate d by “o ut s i d e r s” l o o k in g into h ow a par t i c ular t r ad e f unc t i o ns. T h e s e o ut s i d e r s us e t h e ir ex p e r t i s e (e n gin e e r in g, c h e mi c al, m et allur g y, etc .) to e nv i s i o n h ow t h ey wo ul d im p r ove t h e to o l s an d o r p r o c e s s e s.

I n b ot h c as e s, h oweve r, m o st inve nto r s o r inn ovato r s ar e n ot al s o m ar kete r s, an d w it h o ut p r o p e r m ar ket r e s e ar c h an d p r o m ot i o nal wo r k , eve n t h e b e st i d e as c an s e l f - s ab ot ag e.

I n last m o nt h’s c hapte r we ex p l o r e d h ow B e s s e m e r ’s inn ovat i o n, d e sp ite r e c e i v in g a g o l d m e dal (f r o m t h e B r it i sh S o c i et y of A r t s an d H i s Royal H i g hn e s s Pr inc e A lb e r t) was n ot ad o pte d by t h e in dust r y.

I n t hi s c hapte r we ex p l o r e an ot h e r b r i lli ant ap p li c at i o n of e n gin e e r in g an d m e c hani c al p r inc ip l e s t hat , unf o r t unate ly, al s o f ai l e d to b e c o m e an in dust r y st an dar d. T h e s e f ai l e d ap p r o ac h e s p r ov i d e g lim p s e s into t h e evo lut i o n of t h e in dust r y an d t h e

G Goott RRuum m?? JJuully y 2022 - 45

Got Got Rum Rum?? July June July 222000222222 --- 46 46 46

m i n ds et s of t h o s e invo l ve d, s o t h ey s h o ul d n ot b e di smi s s e d.

C. H . D i c k i ns o n, a su g ar c an e p l ant at i o n ow n e r f r o m B ayo u G r o s s e - tete, in Ro s e dal e, Lo ui s i ana (US A), i s an exam p l e of an “ i ns i d e r ” w h o us e d hi s avai l ab l e k n ow l e d g e to t r y to i m p r ove t h e su g ar ex t r ac t i o n p r o c e s s at hi s ow n su g ar c an e p l ant at i o n.

D i c k i ns o n d e s i g n e d an d bui lt a Ver t i c a l Hyd r au l ic C ane C r us her, f o r w hi c h h e o bt ain e d U nite d S t ate s Pate nt N um b e r 137, 3 4 9 o n A p r i l 1, 1873 .

We d o n ot k n ow f o r sur e, but p e r hap s M r. D i c k ins o n was s at i s f i e d e n o u g h w it h t h e i m p l e m e nt at i o n of hi s n ew p r e s s at hi s p l ant at i o n t hat h e di d n ot have t h e n e e d - o r t im e - to p ur su e i t s c o m m e r c i aliz at i o n e l s ew h e r e.

S h ow n o n t h e bac kg r o un d i s t h e di ag r am f o r t h e hydr auli c su g ar c an e c r ush e r, as r e c o r d e d o n t h e pate nt ap p li c at i o n.

G Goott R Ruum m?? JJu llyy 2 0 2 2 - 4 7

Sug a r Mill Sp ot li ght Rui ns of t h e A nn a b e r g Pl a nt at i o n, V i r g i n I s l a n ds N at i o n a l Pa r k , S t . J o hn, USVI . T h e A nn a b e r g Pl a nt at i o n was o n e of 25 ac t i ve su g a r f ac to r i e s o n S t . J o hn i n 178 0, w h e r e su g a r c a n e j ui c e was p r o c e s s e d i nto r aw su g a r, m o l as s e s a n d r um.

J o i n us a g ai n n ex t m o nt h, as we c o nt i nu e to ex p l o r e t hi s f as c i n at i n g to p i c !

Got Rum Rum?? July July 22002222 -- 48 48 Got

G Goott R Ruum m?? JJu llyy 2 0 2 2 - 4 9

Rum in the news

by M ike Kun et ka

KO LOA RUM

T h e s e a r e t h e m o s t r e c e nt a n d n o tew o r t hy h e a d l i n e s i n t h e r u m i n d u s t r y. I f yo u wa nt u s t o s h a r e yo u r n ew s w i t h o u r r e a d e r s , p l e a s e s e n d m e a n e m a i l t o: M i ke @ g o t r u m .c o m.

Got Rum ? July 2 0 2 2 - 50

Aw a r d - w i n n i n g Ko l o a R u m C o m p a ny l a u n c h e d t h e i r Sparkling Hawaiian Rum Canned Cocktails, its latest r e a d y - t o - d r i n k p r o d u c t l i n e. I d e a l f o r s u m m e r c o c k t a i l s o n - t h e - g o, t h e n e w p r o d u c t c o m p l e m e nt s Ko l o a R u m’s ex i s t i n g b r o a d p o r t f o l i o, ke e p i n g i n s t e p w i t h t h e c o m p a ny ’s o n g o i n g d eve l o p m e n t o f p r o d u c t s t h a t c a p t u r e a w i d e - r a n g i n g a p p e a l . “ O ve r t h e p a s t f o u r ye a r s , w e h ave w a t c h e d t h e r i s i n g p o p u l a r i t y o f c a n n e d c o c k t a i l s i n t h e m a r ke t , a n d w e r e c o g n i z e t h a t t h i s i s t h e o p p o r t u n e t i m e f o r Ko l o a R u m t o e n t e r t h i s p r o d u c t c a t e g o r y,” s a i d B o b G u n t e r, Ko l o a R u m C o m p a ny ’s P r e s i d e n t a n d C EO. “ We’r e p r o u d t o f i r s t i n t r o d u c e i t t o o u r H a w a i i o h a n a a s a w ay t o s h o w o u r a p p r e c i a t i o n f o r ye a r s o f e n d l e s s s u p p o r t .” Ko l o a’s c a n n e d c o c k t a i l s f e a t u r e a l l - n a t u r a l H a w a i i a n f l avo r s b l e n d e d w i t h p r e m i u m K a u a i W h i t e Ru m , w h i c h i s m a d e f r o m p u r e c a n e s u g a r a n d r a i n w a t e r f r o m M o u n t Wa i a l e a l e. T h e d i s t i n c t i ve l y p u r e, c l e a n , a n d s m o o t h t a s t e o f K a u a i W h i t e Ru m m a ke s f o r a p e r f e c t f o u n d a t i o n f o r t h e s e t r o p i c a l - f l avo r e d c o c k t a i l s . T h e c a n n e d b eve r a g e s c o m e i n a va r i e t y o f f o u r H a w a i i a n - i n s p i r e d f l avo r s (G u ava , P i n e a p p l e, M a n g o a n d C o c o n u t) a n d p a c k a g e d i n a c o nve n i e n t f o u r- p a c k o f 3 5 5 m L c a n s . I n t h e 2 0 2 2 U l t i m a t e S p i r i t s C h a l l e n g e, e a c h f l avo r s c o r e d a b ove 9 0 w i t h M a n g o a w a r d e d a C h a i r m a n’s Tr o p hy a n d l i s t e d a m o n g t h e t o p 10 0 s p i r i t s . “ Ko l o a R u m i s

k n o w n f o r p r o d u c t s o f u t m o s t q u a l i t y a n d t a s t e. O u r n e w c a n n e d c o c k t a i l s a r e n o exc e p t i o n . Fo r m o r e t h a n 12 ye a r s , we h ave d eve l o p e d a l oya l c u s t o m e r b a s e t h a t w e b e l i eve w i l l i n s t a nt l y r e c o g n i ze o u r b r a n d a n d e a g e r l y e m b r a c e t h e s e n e w p r o d u c t s ,” a d d e d G u n t e r. L i g h t , b u b b l y, a n d r e f r e s h i n g , Ko l o a c a n n e d c o c k t a i l s a r e s u i t a b l e f o r a ny o c c a s i o n . T h e c a n n e d c o c k t a i l s a r e c u r r e n t l y ava i l a b l e i n H a w a i i , Tex a s , I l l i n o i s , C o l o r a d o, A r i z o n a a n d N eva d a a n d w i l l l a t e r b e d i s t r i b u t e d i n a d d i t i o n a l m a r ket s . h t t p s: // ko l o a r u m . com/ B ACAR D I B a c a r d i h a s ex p a n d e d i t s p i o n e e r i n g TA ILS ® C O C K TA ILS P RO FESSION A L r a n g e w i t h n e w c o c k t a i l s a n d a n e w l o o k , ava i l a b l e n o w f o r t h e h o s p i t a l i t y i n d u s t r y a c r o s s We s t e r n Eu r o p e. T h e premium batched cocktail brand of fers the on-trade a hassle-free solution for ser ving quality cocktails e a s i l y, q u i c k l y a n d c o n s i s t e nt l y a t s c a l e. S e r v i n g a TA ILS c o c k t a i l t a ke s a s l i t t l e a s 15 s e c o n d s , a n d n o s p e c i a l i s t t r a i n i n g i s r e q u i r e d. T h e ex p a n d e d r a n g e o f c l a s s i c a n d c o nt e m p o r a r y c o c k t a i l s , a l l c r a f t e d u s i n g the Bacardi por t folio of premium brands has t wo new a d d i t i o n s; t h e W h i s k y S o u r, m a d e w i t h DEWA R ’ S ® Blended Scotch whisky; and the Rum Punch, made w i t h B AC A R D ĺ r u m . T h o u s a n d s o f o u t l et s a c r o s s Eu r o p e a r e a l r e a d y e n j oy i n g a n e w r eve n u e s t r e a m by s e r v i n g TA ILS C O C K TA ILS P RO FESSION A L , a n d t h i s ye a r B a c a r d i i s p l a n n i n g t o m o r e t h a n d o u b l e t h a t n u m b e r. T h e m o m e nt u m i s h u g e. W i t h t h e n e w f l avo r s , B a c a r d i i s c a t e r i n g f o r eve n m o r e t a s t e s a n d o c c a s i o n s , f r o m s u m m e r t e r r a c e s t o c o z y w i nt e r b a r s , o f f e r i n g a n exc i t i n g o p p o r t u n i t y f o r t h e h o s p i t a l i t y industr y to tap into the growing demand for cocktails. ex p a n d e d r a n g e a l s o i n c l u d e s t h e Pa s s i o n Fr u i t Mar tini Cocktail and Espresso Mar tini Cocktail, both m a d e w i t h 42 B ELOW ® vo d k a; t h e G i n G a r d e n C o c k t a i l m a d e w i t h B OM B AY® D r y g i n a n d ST- GERM A IN ® e l d e r f l o we r l i q u e u r ; a n d t h e C l a s s i c M o j i t o a n d B e r r y M o j i t o, b o t h m a d e w i t h B AC A R D ĺ r u m . A s we l l a s t h e n e w - l o o k 1L b o t t l e s , t h e r e a r e a l s o t h r e e TA ILS C O C K TA ILS P RO FESSION A L 2 0 L ke g s , t h e Pa s s i o n Fr u i t S p r i t z m a d e w i t h 42 B ELOW ® vo d k a , a n d t h e Classic Mojito and Caribbean Punch, both made w i t h B AC A RD Í r u m , r o l l i n g o u t t h i s s u m m e r, a l l o w i n g o u t l e t s t o s e r ve c o c k t a i l s o n d r a u g h t f o r eve n q u i c ke r, e a s i e r s e r v i c e. W i t h a f u l l l i ve m u s i c a n d eve nt s l i n e u p b a c k i n Eu r o p e t h i s ye a r, B a c a r d i w i l l a l s o b r i n g h i g h q u a l i t y c o c k t a i l s t o f e s t i va l s a t s c a l e, w i t h TA ILS C O C K TA ILS P RO FESSION A L a t m o r e t h a n 2 0 o f t h e b i g g e s t f e s t i va l s a c r o s s t h e U K , S p a i n , B e l g i u m a n d t h e N et h e r l a n d s . T h e r a n g e s i t s a l o n g s i d e t h e c o m p a ny ’s r e c e n t l a u n c h o f TA ILS C O C K TA ILS , w h i c h t a ke s TA ILS i nt o t h e o f f - t r a d e f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e, p i o n e e r i n g a n e w ‘ r e a d y - t o - s h a ke’ c a t e g o r y w i t h i n c o c k t a i l s - a t - h o m e. h t t p s: // w w w. b a c a r d i l i m i t e d.c o m / THE K RA K EN T h e K r a ke n R u m a n n o u n c e d i t s e nt r y i nt o t h e r e a d y t o - d r i n k ( R T D) c a t e g o r y w i t h t h e r e l e a s e o f t h r e e n e w c a n n e d c o c k t a i l s . W i t h t h e US R T D m a r ket ex p e c t e d t o c o nt i n u e t o ex p a n d a t a c o m p o u n d a n n u a l g r o w t h r a t e o f m o r e t h a n 13% u nt i l 2 0 31, K r a ke n i s l e a n i n g i n t o t h e c a t e g o r y t o o f f e r c o n s u m e r s a c o nve n i e n t

o p t i o n t o b r i n g t h e i r r u m c o c k t a i l s w h e r eve r t h ey ex p l o r e t h i s s u m m e r. “A s t h e d e m a n d f o r r e a d y - t o d r i n k b eve r a g e s c o n t i n u e s t o b o o m a n d c a t e g o r y g r o w t h r i s e s , w e’r e e a g e r a n d t h r i l l e d t o i n t r o d u c e a n e w a n d c o nve n i e n t w ay f o r c o n s u m e r s t o e n j oy t h e i r f avo r i t e r u m c o c k t a i l s i n t h r e e c a r e f u l l y c u r a t e d f l avo r s ,” s a i d L a n d e r O t e g u i , S e n i o r V i c e P r e s i d e n t o f M a r ke t i n g a t P r ox i m o S p i r i t s . “A s o n e o f t h e o n l y d a r k r u m - b a s e d R T D o f f e r i n g s o n t h e s h e l ve s , o u r K r a ke n R u m c o c k t a i l s o f f e r a n u n ex p e c t e d w ay t o a d d a l i t t l e ex t r a f u n t o yo u r s u m m e r p l a n s w h e t h e r yo u’r e s i p p i n g a t h o m e o r o n a n a d ve n t u r e a t s e a .” N a m e d f o r t h e s e a b e a s t o f my t h a n d l e g e n d , K r a ke n i s c e l e b r a t i n g i t s n e w l y r e l e a s e d r e a d y - t o - d r i n k c o c k t a i l s by g i v i n g r u m d r i n ke r s a c h a n c e t o w i n a s q u i d s p o t t i n g ex p e d i t i o n a r o u n d t h e i s l a n d o f R o a t a n i n I s a G u a d a l u p e. To e n t e r t h e K r a k O p e n S u m m e r S w e e p s t a ke s a n d a c h a n c e t o w i n a n a l l - ex p e n s e s - p a i d t r i p t o s p o t a r e a l - l i f e k r a ke n , v i s i t w w w. K r a k O p e n s S u m m e r.c o m .

K r a ke n’s n e w r e a d y - m a d e c o c k t a i l s a r e ava i l a b l e i n t h r e e p o p u l a r r u m t a s t e p r o f i l e s: • K r a ke n & C o l a: B a l a n c e d c o l a s p i c e s a n d s p i c e d r u m u p f r o n t w i t h l i g h t c i t r u s o n t h e n o s e. R i c h va n i l l a a n d c a r a m e l u n d e r t o n e s . F i n i s h e s w i t h t o a s t e d o a k a n d s u g a r c a n e.

• K r a ke n & G i n g e r B e e r : C a n d i e d g i n g e r a n d h o n ey o n t h e n o s e. Wo o d y, s p i c y g i n g e r s t a r t s u p f r o n t a n d l a s t s t h r o u g h o u t . F i n i s h e s va n i l l a w i t h s u b t l e t r o p i c a l f r u i t a n d b r o w n s u g a r.

• K r a ke n R u m P u n c h: B a l a n c e d p i n e a p p l e, c h e r r y, a n d c i t r u s o n t h e n o s e. Tr o p i c a l p i n e a p p l e upfront with juiced limes throughout with building m a r a s c h i n o a n d s u n b u r s t o r a n g e. F i n i s h e s r i p e m a n g o and citrus peel.

A S I T IS TOLD, T h e K r a ke n B l a c k S p i c e d R u m i s a n impor ted rum from the Caribbean blended with secret s p i c e s . N a m e d f o r t h e s e a b e a s t o f my t h a n d l e g e n d , T h e K r a ke n B l a c k S p i c e d R u m i s b o l d , r i c h , b l a c k , a n d s m o o t h . A S T HE Y S AY, “ To n o t r e s p e c t t h e p o w e r o f t h e K r a ke n i s t o n o t r e s p e c t t h e s e a .” S o, d r i n k w i t h r e s p e c t . h t t p s: // w w w. k r a ke n r u m .c o m / # MOUNT GAY M o u n t G ay i nv i t e s c o c k t a i l e n t h u s i a s t s t o m a ke t i m e f o r t a s t e t h i s s u m m e r by ex p l o r i n g a n d s avo r i n g t h e d i s t i n c t f l avo r s o f M o u n t G ay a n d c e l e b r a t i n g m o m e n t s w o r t h t a k i n g t i m e f o r. K n o w n f o r i t s r i c h , c o m p l ex t a s t i n g n o t e s i m p a r t e d by i t s u n i q u e m a t u r a t i o n p r o c e s s , M o u n t G ay b r i n g s t h e e s s e n c e o f s u m m e r f l avo r t o t h e f o r e f r o n t w i t h a n e w l i m i t e d - e d i t i o n “ S u m m e r Ta s t e E s s e n t i a l s ” k i t i n p a r t n e r s h i p w i t h C o c k t a i l C o u r i e r. C u r a t e d by ‘ N ex t L eve l C h e f ’ a n d T V Pe r s o n a l i t y R i c h a r d B l a i s , t h e k i t e n c o u r a g e s p l e a s u r e - s e e ke r s t o s p e n d t h e s e a s o n s avo r i n g d e l i c i o u s f l avo r s a n d e l eva t i n g m e m o r a b l e o c c a s i o n s . “ Wo r k i n g w i t h M o u n t G ay t o e n c o u r a g e o t h e r s t o ex p l o r e a n d s avo r t h e f l avo r s o f t h e s e a s o n i s s o m e t h i n g I a m r e a l l y exc i t e d t o b e a p a r t o f,” s a i d B l a i s . “ W i t h b o u n d l e s s w ay s t o i n t e r p r e t t a s t e, t h e k i t p r ov i d e s c o c k t a i l e n t h u s i a s t s w i t h a w ay t o ex p e r i e n c e the essence of summer and pairing refreshing c o c k t a i l s w i t h s avo r y s u m m e r g r i l l i n g s t a p l e s i s t h e p e r f e c t w ay t o d i s c ove r n e w f l avo r c o m b i n a t i o n s .”

M a d e i n B a r b a d o s , t h e b i r t h p l a c e o f r u m , M o u n t G ay i s a c h a m p i o n o f g r e a t t a s t i n g r u m . M o u n t G ay u t i l i z e s a va r i e t y o f c a s k s d u r i n g t h e m a t u r a t i o n p r o c e s s ,

G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 2 2 - 5 1

s u c h a s ex- A m e r i c a n W h i s key, B o u r b o n , a n d C o g n a c c a s ks . T h i s p r o c e s s , c o u p l e d w i t h i t s i s l a n d r o o t s a n d t r o p i c a l c l i m a t e, p r ov i d e eve r y b o t t l e w i t h a w i d e d e p t h o f f l avo r a n d d i s t i n c t t a s t i n g n o t e s . M o u nt G ay B l a c k B a r r e l f o r ex a m p l e, w h i c h i s f e a t u r e d i n t h e “ S u m m e r Ta s t e E s s e n t i a l s” k i t , i s d o u b l e a g e d i n ex- A m e r i c a n W h i s key a n d B o u r b o n c a s ks , c r e a t i n g a b o l d a n d r o b u s t ex p r e s s i o n w i t h n o t e s o f t o a s t e d va n i l l a , t o f f e e, a n d o r a n g e ze s t . “ O u r M o u nt G ay B l a c k B a r r e l ex p r e s s i o n i s a w o n d e r f u l l y ve r s a t i l e r u m t o f e a t u r e o n yo u r h o m e b a r,” n o t e d Tr u d i a n n B r a n ke r, M a s t e r B l e n d e r a t M o u n t G ay. “ R o b u s t a n d b o l d, B l a c k B a r r e l i s b e a u t i f u l o n its own and incredible in craf t cocktails, showcasing i t s r i c h a n d f u l l - b o d i e d n o t e s .” I n a d d i t i o n t o c r a f t i n g t h e w o r l d ’s o l d e s t r u m , M o u nt G ay i s c o m m i t t e d a t a l l t i m e s t o t h e u s e o f s u s t a i n a b l e a n d t r a n s p a r e nt p r a c t i c e s i n o r d e r t o r e a l i ze o u r v i s i o n o f e nv i r o n m e n t a l s t e w a r d s h i p a n d c a r b o n n e u t r a l i t y. h t t p s: // w w w. c o c k t a i l c o u r i e r.c o m /, h t t p s: // w w w. m o u nt g ay r u m .c o m / OTHER L AN D SOCIET Y N e w p r e m i u m s p i r i t s b r a n d O t h e r l a n d S o c i et y c e l e b r a t e s t h e my s t i q u e o f F l o r i d a’s n a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s a n d exc e p t i o n a l c u l i n a r y a n d b eve r a g e c u l t u r e w i t h t h e d e b u t o f W i l d H a r e D a r k R u m c r a f t e d by l e g e n d a r y M a s t e r D i s t i l l e r M a r i a n n e E ave s . O t h e r l a n d S o c i e t y ’s inaugural sugarcane ar tisan spirit premiered at t h e M i c h e l i n G u i d e r eve l a t i o n eve nt i n O r l a n d o, w h e r e F l o r i d a’s f i r s t M i c h e l i n S t a r s we r e a w a r d e d f o r exc e l l e n c e i n c u l i n a r y a c h i eve m e nt .” O t h e r l a n d S o c i et y w a s c r e a t e d t o h o n o r o u r a g r a r i a n h e r i t a g e i n S o u t h F l o r i d a a n d h e l p u p l i f t t h e l o c a l e c o n o my o f t h e Eve r g l a d e s ,” s a i d t h e b r a n d ’s c o - f o u n d e r D o n i a Rober ts, whose family has farmed the uniquely f e r t i l e a r e a o f S o u t h F l o r i d a o n t h e s h o r e s o f L a ke O ke e c h o b e e f o r t h r e e g e n e r a t i o n s . “ L i ke M i c h e l i n , w e s h a r e a s t r o n g c o m m i t m e nt t o p r o t e c t i n g a n d preser ving the gif ts of the land and recognizing the p e o p l e w h o m a ke t h i s r e g i o n s o s p e c i a l. I t ’s a n h o n o r f o r O t h e r l a n d S o c i et y t o s e r ve a s t h e p r e f e r r e d r u m p a r t n e r f o r t h e f i r s t M i c h e l i n G u i d e i n F l o r i d a .” T h e t e a m b e h i n d f e m a l e - o w n e d O t h e r l a n d S o c i et y e n l i s t e d Ke nt u c k y ’s f i r s t f e m a l e M a s t e r D i s t i l l e r, M a r i a n n e E ave s , t o d e s i g n W i l d H a r e D a r k R u m . T h e n e w h i g h end, hand- craf ted sipping spirit captures the essence o f t h e b e a u t i f u l yet u n r e l e nt i n g l a n d o f t h e Eve r g l a d e s , w h i c h i s l i ke n o o t h e r. “ W i l d H a r e D a r k R u m i s a m a r r i a g e o f 8 - ye a r- o l d S o u t h A m e r i c a n , a n d 10 - ye a ro l d C a r i b b e a n r u m s a g e d i n E x- A m e r i c a n W h i t e O a k W h i s key C a s ks . W i t h s we et s p i c e s a n d va n i l l a o a k character on the aroma, tropical fruit on the front of t h e p a l a t e, a n d s m o o t h l i n g e r i n g s p i c e d n o t e s o f c o f f e e a n d va n i l l a , b a l a n c e d w i t h s we et b e r r i e s , t h e r e s u l t is a rich, dark spirit comparable to the best rums on t h e m a r ket ,” s a i d E ave s , o n h e r c u r a t i o n o f t h i s r u m p r o j e c t . S t r e n g t h e n i n g a n U n d e r s e r ve d C o m m u n i t y, R o b e r t s a n d h e r i nve s t m e nt p a r t n e r s w i l l s o o n b e g i n work to build a distiller y and bottling distribution f a c i l i t y i n t h e Pa h o ke e, F l o r i d a , a r e a u s i n g l o c a l t a l e n t a n d p r o d u c t a n d p r ov i d i n g a c a t a l y s t f o r j o b c r e a t i o n .

A n i nt e r m e d i a t e t o l o n g - t e r m v i s i o n f o r t h e O t h e r l a n d S o c i et y b r a n d i s t o s t i m u l a t e r e d eve l o p m e nt a n d r ev i t a l i ze t h e d o w nt o w n b u s i n e s s d i s t r i c t o f Pa h o ke e. “ O u r v i s i o n f o r O t h e r l a n d S o c i et y i s t o r e i nve s t i n t h e c o m m u n i t y, c e l e b r a t e o u r h e r i t a g e, p r o t e c t o u r n a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s a n d p r ov i d e a n e w s o u r c e o f i n c o m e f o r

Got Rum ? July 2 0 2 2 - 52

t h e p e o p l e w h o c a l l t h i s a r e a h o m e,” s a i d R o b e r t s . “ Launching Wild Hare Dark Rum is the f irst step i n e l eva t i n g t h e s e o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r b u s i n e s s a n d d eve l o p m e n t .” w w w.o t h e r l a n d s o c i e t y.c o m SE LVARE Y, B AHA MAR a n d B RUNO MARS B a h a M a r, t h e l e a d i n g r e s o r t d e s t i n a t i o n i n T h e Bahamas, announced a brand par tnership with S e l va Rey R u m , n a m i n g t h e b r a n d a p r e m i e r p a r t n e r f o r t h e C a r i b b e a n’s l u x u r y o f c h o i c e h o t e l . T h e p a r t n e r s h i p p r e s e n t s S e l va Rey a s t h e e l eva t e d o p t i o n f o r r u m c o c k t a i l s w i t h s p e c i a l b eve r a g e o f f e r i n g s ava i l a b l e t h r o u g h o u t t h e p r o p e r t y, c u r a t e d b r a n d e d ex p e r i e n c e s , a n d n e w a n d exc i t i n g eve n t a c t i va t i o n s a l l s e t a g a i n s t t h e l u x u r i o u s b a c kd r o p o f B a h a M a r.

To l a u n c h t h e p a r t n e r s h i p, S e l va Rey w i l l t a ke ove r P r i v i l e g e, SLS B a h a M a r ’s u p s c a l e a d u l t - o n l y p o o l , o n L a b o r D ay w e e ke n d w i t h a s e r i e s o f P i ñ a C o l a d a Po o l Pa r t y eve n t s i n c l u d i n g g u e s t D J p e r f o r m a n c e s a n d a f l a g s h i p d ay p a r t y h o s t e d by S e l va Rey R u m c o - o w n e r B r u n o M a r s f e a t u r i n g a s p e c i a l D J s e t by D J Pe e .We e (A n d e r s o n . Pa a k) o n S u n d ay S e p t e m b e r 4t h . D i s t i l l e d i n t h e j u n g l e s o f L a t i n A m e r i c a by a l e g e n d a r y M a s t e r B l e n d e r, S e l va Rey (w h i c h l o o s e l y t r a n s l a t e s t o “ K i n g o f t h e J u n g l e” ) i s f avo r e d a s o n e o f t h e m o s t a w a r d e d s p i r i t s o n t h e m a r ke t . F i n e e n o u g h t o s i p o n t h e r o c k s o r e n h a n c e a ny c o c k t a i l , S e l va Rey i n c l u d e s a p o r t f o l i o o f f o u r ex p r e s s i o n s , i n c l u d i n g W h i t e R u m , C h o c o l a t e R u m , C o c o n u t Ru m , a n d t h e O w n e r ’s Re s e r ve; a rare blend of aged rums hand selected from the most p r e s t i g i o u s c a s k s . “ T h e q u a l i t y a n d d i ve r s e p o r t f o l i o o f S e l va Rey ’s p r o d u c t s m a t c h e s o u r l u x u r y o f c h o i c e p o s i t i o n i n g , a n d w e’r e l o o k i n g f o r w a r d t o w e l c o m i n g g u e s t s w i t h t r o p i c a l a n d e l eva t e d b eve r a g e o p t i o n s , f u r t h e r e n h a n c i n g t h e B a h a M a r ex p e r i e n c e,” s a i d G r a e m e D av i s , P r e s i d e n t o f B a h a M a r. “ Tr o p i c a l L u x u r y i s w h a t S e l va Rey i s a l l a b o u t a n d I c o u l d n’ t t h i n k o f a b e t t e r p a r t n e r t o b r i n g t h a t ex p e r i e n c e t o l i f e t h a n B a h a M a r,” a d d e d B r u n o M a r s . S e l va Rey i s a c o l l e c t i o n o f t h e f i n e s t , s u s t a i n a b l e, s i n g l e - e s t a t e r u m s c r a f t e d i n t h e j u n g l e s o f Pa n a m a by w o r l d r e n o w n e d M a e s t r o R o n e r o Fr a n c i s c o “ D o n Pa n c h o” Fe r n a n d e z . E a c h va r i a nt b o a s t s a l u x u r i o u s l y s m o o t h a n d d i s t i n c t i ve l y b a l a n c e d c h a r a c t e r. Fr o m h a r ve s t i n g t h e s u g a r c a n e and pressing the juice to the distillation and blending, the rums adhere to the highest quality standard and represent the intense passion and commitment to craf t from the people behind the spirit. w w w. B a h a M a r.c o m w w w. S e l va Rey.c o m .

W RAY & NE PHE W T h e f o u r t h a n n u a l s t a g i n g o f t h e J a m a i c a R u m Fe s t i va l p r e s e n t e d by A p p l e t o n E s t a t e i n p a r t n e r s h i p w i t h t h e J a m a i c a To u r i s t B o a r d a n d t h e To u r i s m En h a n c e m e n t Fu n d i s t h e m u s t - a t t e n d eve n t o f t h e s u m m e r f o r v i s i t o r s a n d l o c a l s a l i ke.

S l a t e d f o r S a t u r d ay, J u l y 2 5 , a t t h e A q u e d u c t , R o s e H a l l i n t h e i s l a n d ’s t o u r i s m c a p i t a l o f M o nt e g o B ay, t h e Fe s t i va l p r o m i s e s t o ex p l o r e t h e r i c h c u l t u r e a n d h e r i t a g e o f J a m a i c a n r u m s . L i ve d e m o n s t r a t i o n s , s e m i n a r s a n d a l i ve r e g g a e c o n c e r t a r e s e t t o c r e a t e m e m o r i e s t o l a s t a l i f e t i m e. O n e o f J a m a i c a’s m o s t b e l ove d r u m s w i l l h o l d a p l a c e o f p r i d e, a n d t h i s i s n o n e o t h e r t h a n Wr ay & N e p h e w W h i t e O ve r p r o o f R u m . B e l ove d i n eve r y p a r i s h a c r o s s t h e i s l a n d , Wr ay

& N e p h e w W h i t e O ve r p r o o f R u m i s a s J a m a i c a n a s Re g g a e a n d D a n c e h a l l - b o t h o f w h i c h h ave c a p t u r e d t h e h e a r t o f t h e w o r l d. S i m i l a r l y, Wr ay R u m a s i t i s o f t e n c a l l e d, h a s c a p t u r e d t h e h e a r t s o f J a m a i c a and all of the region with its clean, unique taste and a s i g n a t u r e s t r e n g t h f o r w h i c h i t i s p r a i s e d. B i r t h e d i n t h e 17t h c e n t u r y, r u m i s t h e p r o d u c t o f m o l a s s e s a n d ye a s t f r o m c o l o n i a l - e r a s u g a r p r o d u c t i o n , r e b o r n i nt o a s u b s t a n c e n o t o n l y d r i n k a b l e b u t b e a r i n g m a ny p u r p o s e s t h a t a r e u t i l i ze d t o t h i s d ay.

W h i l e h i s t o r i c a l l y, s o m e r e c o r d s s h o w t h a t r u m w a s d i s c ove r e d i n B a r b a d o s , i t w a s w i t h o u t a d o u b t t h a t J a m a i c a e l eva t e d t h e r e f i n i n g p r o c e s s . T h i s h a s s e e n Wr ay & N e p h e w W h i t e O ve r p r o o f R u m b e c o m e t h e b e s t - s e l l i n g w h i t e ove r p r o o f r u m i n t h e r e g i o n . T h o u g h a l o n g w ay f r o m 17t h c e nt u r y J a m a i c a , t h e i s l a n d ’s c o n n e c t i o n t o Wr ay & N e p h e w W h i t e O ve r p r o o f R u m i s a s o l i d o n e, w i t h t h e i c o n i c b r a n d i nt e r w ove n i n i t s DN A . R u m e n t h u s i a s t s a s we l l a s c a s u a l d r i n ke r s e n j oy i t s t r a i g h t , i c e d a n d t a m e d w i t h c h a s e r s s u c h a s g r a p e f r u i t s o d a , p i n e a p p l e j u i c e, c o l a - v i r t u a l l y a ny b eve r a g e o f c h o i c e o w i n g t o t h e ve r s a t i l i t y o f t h e l i q u i d. M a ny b e l i eve t h i s s t a r k c l e a r s p i r i t e n h a n c e s eve r y ex p e r i e n c e. B u t t h e J a m a i c a n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h Wr ay & N e p h e w W h i t e O ve r p r o o f R u m g o e s f a r b eyo n d s a m p l i n g a g r e a t t a s t i n g l i g h t - b o d i e d s p i r i t . Wr ay R u m , ove r t h e ye a r s , h a s s et d e e p r o o t s i n J a m a i c a n c u l t u r e.

It is one of those brands which connects with the hear t a n d s o u l o f t h e p e o p l e e f f o r t l e s s l y a n d a u t h e nt i c a l l y i n a t r u l y o r g a n i c w ay. I t i s a r u m t h a t e m b o d i e s the strength and resilience of the Jamaican people t h r o u g h i t s g r e e n , b l a c k a n d ye l l o w p a c k a g i n g w h i c h h a s r e m a i n e d u n c h a n g e d s i n c e i t s i nt r o d u c t i o n t o t h e m a r ke t . C o n s t a n t l y i n s e a r c h o f a s e n s e o f b e l o n g i n g a s p e o p l e, Wr ay & N e p h e w W h i t e O ve r p r o o f R u m i s t h e c o r d t h a t c o n n e c t s . I t i s we l l d o c u m e nt e d t h a t eve n J a m a i c a n s w h o a r e n o t a l c o h o l d r i n ke r s s t i l l u s e t h i s r u m i n t h e i r eve r yd ay l i ve s f o r a my r i a d o f r e a s o n s , a testament to the impact the rum has had on the countr y f o r c o u n t l e s s ye a r s . I n v i r t u a l l y eve r y J a m a i c a n h o m e w h e t h e r “ a h ya a d , o r a b r o a d ”, t h e r e t o b e f o u n d i s a b o t t l e o f t h e ‘ w h i t e s’. S o m e w i l l n o t s hy a w ay f r o m t e s t i f y i n g t o t h e e f f e c t i ve n e s s o f t h e w h i t e r u m w h e n u s e d f o r va r y i n g p u r p o s e s s h r o u d e d i n t r a d i t i o n a n d f o l k l o r e. B u t t h e r e a r e eve n m o r e c r e a t i ve u s e s f o r t h i s r u m a s t h e i n n ova t i ve s p i r i t o f J a m a i c a n s h ave i n t r o d u c e d ove r t h e ye a r s . O f c o u r s e, o n e s o u r c e o f t h i s i n n ova t i ve n e s s i s i n t h e k i t c h e n . A s p l a s h o f Wr ay R u m s t r a i g h t f r o m t h e b o t t l e ( i t ’s n o g o o d o t h e r w i s e) e l eva t e s J a m a i c a n s t a p l e s l i ke C o w C o d S o u p, C u r r y G o a t , Fi s h Te a , a n d M a n n i s h Wa t e r. N o t t o m e nt i o n the age - old tradition of soaking fruits in the rum for a n n u a l C h r i s t m a s c a ke s a n d p u d d i n g s f o r m o nt h s a n d o f t e n ye a r s . W h e n t h a t j a r i s o p e n e d, i t r e l e a s e s a strong whif f of the unmistakable aroma, a promise of t h e d e l i c a c i e s t o c o m e. S o r r e l i s n eve r, eve r, c o m p l e t e w i t h o u t a h e a l t hy p o r t i o n o f Wr ay R u m t o a c c o m p a ny t h e b e l l y - f u l l s o f l a u g h t e r a n d t o g et h e r n e s s t h r o u g h o u t t h e f e s t i ve s e a s o n . A n d t h i s t r a n s l a t e s t o c o m m u n i t y b a r s . F i e r y d e b a t e s w i t h Wr ay R u m i n h a n d o n eve r y t h i n g f r o m p o l i t i c s , r e l i g i o n , a n d t h e l a t e s t n e w s a r e i n t e r r u p t e d o n l y by s l a p s o f d o m i n o s o n a t a b l e, ex p l o s i o n s o f l a u g h t e r o r a g o a l s c o r e d f r o m a f o o t b a l l m a t c h o n T V. Wr ay R u m i s a sy m b o l o f c a m a r a d e r i e, c r e a t i n g e p i c e n t e r s o f t o g et h e r n e s s a n d b e l o n g i n g .

With its long-standing histor y securing it in the hear t o f t h e p e o p l e, Wr ay & N e p h e w W h i t e O ve r p r o o f R u m

was aptly announced to be the Of f icial Spirit of J a m a i c a’s 6 0 t h A n n i ve r s a r y o f I n d e p e n d e n c e. I t ’s s a f e t o s ay t h i s s p i r i t w i l l c o n t i n u e t o p l ay a m o n u m e n t a l r o l e i n J a m a i c a n c u l t u r e f o r m a ny m o r e ye a r s t o c o m e a m o n g t h e p e o p l e w h o h ave k n o w n t h i s b r a n d a n d i t s d i s t i n c t f l avo r f o r l o n g e r t h a n t h ey c a n r e m e m b e r.

H e r e’s t o a n a u t h e n t i c c u l t u r e a n d t h e r e s i l i e n t s p i r i t o f t h e J a m a i c a n p e o p l e. A b ove a l l e l s e, h e r e’s t o a future equally if not more resilient, celebrated to the fullest with a cup of something authentically J a m a i c a n , Wr ay & N e p h e w W h i t e O ve r p r o o f R u m .

P u r c h a s e yo u r t i c ke t s t o t h e J a m a i c a R u m Fe s t i va l a t h t t p s: // j a m a i c a r u m f e s t i va l .c o m / t i c ke t s / , h t t p s: // a p p l e t o n e s t a t e.c o m / HO L MES CAY RUM a n d E V ERGREEN B E V ERAGE CANA DA H o l m e s C ay R u m , t h e US - b a s e d , i n d e p e n d e nt i m p o r t e r o f exc e p t i o n a l l i m i t e d e d i t i o n a n d s i n g l e c a s k r u m s , a n n o u n c e d a n e w p a r t n e r s h i p w i t h Eve r g r e e n B eve r a g e C a n a d a , a n a t i o n a l w i n e, b e e r, a n d s p i r i t s d i s t r i b u t i o n c o m p a ny b a s e d i n To r o n t o, O n t a r i o. A n a r r ay o f H o l m e s C ay l i m i t e d e d i t i o n s w i l l b e ava i l a b l e t o s t a r t , i n c l u d i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g s i n g l e c a s k ex p r e s s i o n s: J a m a i c a We d d e r b u r n 2 011, G u ya n a U i t v l u g t 2 0 0 3 , F i j i 2 0 0 4 17-Ye a r, S o u t h A f r i c a M h o b a 2 017, a n d t h e S a n Fr a n c i s c o Wo r l d S p i r i t s g o l d - m e d a l w i n n e r, B a r b a d o s 2 012 Po r t C a s k . A l s o ava i l a b l e i s t h e S i n g l e O r i g i n F i j i Rum, a limited- edition blend of pot and column still m o l a s s e s r u m f r o m t h e H o l m e s C ay S i n g l e O r i g i n R u m l i n e, i n t e n d e d f o r m i x i n g i n c o c k t a i l s o r s i p p i n g . T h e s e u n c o m m o n a n d d e l i c i o u s r u m s a r e n o w ava i l a b l e i n t h e A l b e r t a m a r ket , w h i c h s h i p s t h r o u g h o u t C a n a d a .

Special barrel selections and other limited releases w i l l a l s o b e ava i l a b l e i n t h e f u t u r e. “ We a r e l o o k i n g for ward to sharing our curated rum f inds with fans in C a n a d a ,” s a i d H o l m e s C ay R u m f o u n d e r, Er i c K aye. “ We i n i t i a l l y f o u n d e d H o l m e s C ay t o b r i n g exc i t i n g a n d r a r e r u m s t o t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , b u t s o o n d i s c ove r e d t h a t C a n a d i a n s w e r e e q u a l l y s t a r ve d f o r t h e s e r a r e ex p r e s s i o n s , p r ev i o u s l y u n ava i l a b l e i n C a n a d a . W i t h m o r e p r o g r e s s i ve l i q u o r r e g u l a t i o n s a n d a n e a g e r m a r ke t f o r i m p o r t e d r u m , A l b e r t a s e e m e d l i ke t h e b e s t o p t i o n f o r H o l m e s C ay.” P r e s i d e n t o f Eve r g r e e n B eve r a g e C a n a d a , Tr a c e H a n l o n , s a i d , “ We f o c u s o n bringing Canadian consumers the best new products of o u t s t a n d i n g q u a l i t y. H o l m e s C ay a l l o w s u s t o c o n t i n u e t h i s p r a c t i c e by o f f e r i n g t h e i r c u r a t e d s e l e c t i o n o f r a r e a n d h i g h l y s o u g h t - a f t e r r u m .” H o l m e s C ay w i l l b e ava i l a b l e a t s e l e c t r e t a i l e r s i n A l b e r t a C a n a d a l a t e r t h i s m o n t h . H o l m e s C ay ( p r o n o u n c e d ‘ key ’ ) R u m c u r a t e s a c o n t i n u o u s l y evo l v i n g c o l l e c t i o n o f the best small-batch, limited- edition rums, distilled a n d b o t t l e d w i t h o u t a d d i t i ve s . S i n g l e C a s k e d i t i o n s are aged in cask, while Single Origin editions combine multiple casks and production styles to c r e a t e exc i t i n g ex p r e s s i o n s f r o m a g i ve n d i s t i l l e r y o r r e g i o n . Eve r g r e e n B eve r a g e C a n a d a I n c . i s a l i c e n s e d b eve r a g e a l c o h o l a g e n t i n t h e p r ov i n c e o f O n t a r i o a n d a l i c e n s e d b eve r a g e a l c o h o l d i s t r i b u t o r i n A l b e r t a .

S i n c e 2 0 0 6 t h e c o m p a ny h a s r e p r e s e n t e d l o c a l a n d impor ted producers of premium wines, beers, readyt o - d r i n k , c i d e r, a n d s p i r i t s . h t t p s: // w w w. h o l m e s c ay. c o m , h t t p s: //eve r g r e e n b ev.c a /

G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 2 2 - 5 3

Th e Spi rit of

Su rviva l

By Luis Ayala Par t 2

T his ar t ic le was o r i ginally w r it ten fo r, and publishe d by, A r t is an S pir it M aga zine.

Got Rum Rum?? July July 22002222 -- 54 54 Got

Introduction I n l ast m o nt h’s i s su e of “ G ot Rum? ” we ex p l o r e d t h e o r i gi n of ye ast an d t h e r e as o ns b e hi n d i t s evo lut i o nar y ada pt at i o n to p r o duc e et han o l (s e e “ T h e S p i r i t of S ur v i val - Par t I ” o n p g. 5 0). We al s o r ev i ewe d t r e e s’ us e of t a nni ns as p r ote c t i o n m e c hani s m a g ai nst p r e dato r s an d we to uc h e d o n h ow hum a ns have t ake n up t h e r o l e s of b ot h p r ote c to r s of ye ast an d t r e e s, an d c o nsum e r s of al c o h o l an d t anni ns.

I n t hi s a r t i c l e we w i l l ex p l o r e ad di t i o nal m e c h a ni s m s e m p l oye d by ye ast i n o r d e r to m a x i m ize t h e i r p r o bab i li t i e s of sur v i va l, as we l l as, t h e ways i n w hi c h t h e i r c o m p et i n g o r g ani s m s have adapte d.

We a p o n s o f Ye a s t D e s t r u c t i o n It i s e asy f o r us to t hink t hat ye ast ar e all m e m b e r s of t h e s am e ‘ te am’ of o r g ani sm s, all we ar in g t h e s am e p r ove r b i al uni f o r m an d wo r k in g in t an d e m to ac hi eve a c o ll e c t i ve g o al.

W hi l e t hi s n ot i o n e m b o di e s asp ir at i o n a l im ag e s of c o llab o r at i o n, t h e r e alit y i s t hat ye ast p o p ulat i o ns ar e hi g hly c o m p et it i ve ac r o s s st r ains. W h e n di f fe r e nt c o m munit i e s of fe r m e nt in g ye ast p r o duc e et han o l, t h ey d o s o to ‘c l e ans e’ t h e ir e nv ir o nm e nt by k i llin g p ote nt i al c o m p et ito r s t hat have n ot d eve l o p e d a r e s i st anc e to al c o h o l. B ut w hat hap p e ns w h e n t h e c o m p et ito r i s a di f fe r e nt st r ain of fe r m e nt in g ye ast , o n e t hat has d eve l o p e d a r e s i st anc e to i t ?

G Goott RRuum m?? JJuully y 2022 - 55

T h e a nswe r i s s i m p l e: c h e m i c al war f ar e in t h e fo r m of k i l l e r tox i ns!

H e r e i s a c las s i f i c at i o n of k i ll e r ye ast ac c o r din g to g e n et i c bas i s:

T h e di s c ove r y of ye ast k i l l e r tox i ns date s bac k to 19 6 3 , w h e n B evan an d M akove r (1) d e s c r i b e d t h e s e c r et i o n of m o l e c ul e s by a c e r t ai n i s o l ate of b r ewe r ’s ye ast (S ac c har o myc es c er ev is iae) t hat i nhib ite d g r ow t h of ot h e r ye ast st r ai ns. T h e s e c r et i o ns we r e sub s e qu e nt ly i d e nt i f i e d as a p r ote i n (2) w hi c h was nam e d k i l l er fac to r o r k i l l er tox i n an d t h e p r o duc in g st r ai n te r m e d k i l l er yeas t. Pr o duc t i o n of k i l l e r tox i ns has n ow b e e n i d e nt i f i e d i n ove r 10 0 as c o myc etous an d ove r 5 0 bas i d i o myc etous ye ast s p e c i e s (3).

1. C y to p lasmi c ally inh e r ite d e nc ap sul ate d d o ub l e - st r an d e d R N A (ds R N A) v i r u s e s

T h e r e a r e m any c l as s e s of k i l l e r ye ast st r ai ns di f fe r i n g par t i c ul ar ly i n t h e s p e c t r um of t h e i r ac t i v i t y ag ai nst s e ns it i ve st r ai ns, i n t h e i r c r o s s r e ac t i v i t y, g e n et i c d ete r mi n at i o n of k i ll e r tox i n, k i ll e r tox in i m muni t y an d t h e m e c hani s m s of k i ll e r tox i n ac t i o n (4).

Got Got Rum Rum?? Ju July ly 2022 2 0 2 2 -- 556 6

2. II - Lin e ar d o ub l e st r an d D N A p lasm i d 3. K i ll e r p h e n ot y p e as s o c i ate d w it h c hr o m o s o m al g e n e s W hi l e t h e s e k i ll e r tox ins m ay ap p e a r to af fe c t o nly sp e c i f i c ye ast st r ains, t h e r e ar e num e r o us p ote nt i al c o m m e r c i a l ap p li c at i o ns f o r t h e m in t h e r e al wo r l d: 1. Fo o d an d fe r m e nt at i o n in dust r i e s 2. K i ll e r ye ast as p ote nt i al ant imi c r o b i a l ag e nt s 3. Ye ast k i ll e r syste m in b i o - t y p in g 4. K i ll e r ye ast s in r e c o m b inant D N A te c hn o l o g y an d t r ans g e ni c p lant s A s yo u c an im agin e by n ow, we sh o ul d n ot ex p e c t f o r t h e s e k i ll e r tox ins an d

t h e i r v i c t i m s to r e m ai n st at i c: hi sto r y h as s h ow n u s t hat i t i s o nly a m at te r of t im e b efo r e o r g ani s m s d eve l o p i m munit y to t h e tox i ns, w hi c h t h e n s et s of f t h e p r o du c t i o n of n ew an d i m p r ove d tox i ns by f utur e g e n e r at i o ns of ye ast . I n ot h e r wo r ds, fo r eve r y we ap o n d eve l o p e d, t h e r e i s a m atc hi n g n e ut r alizi n g d efe ns e an d fo r eve r y d efe ns e an i m p r ove d we ap o n i s eve ntu a lly p r o duc e d.

M e a nw h i l e i n G o t h a m Ci t y . . .

W hi l e ye ast g e n e r a ar e o c c up i e d w i t h p r o du c t i o n of k i l l e r tox i ns an d w i t h t h e d eve l o p m e nt of c h e m i c al r e s i st anc e to

suc h p o i s o ns, ot h e r o r g ani sm s ar e bu sy at wo r k evo l v in g ways to c o nsum e t h e et han o l m anu f ac t ur e d dur in g fe r m e nt at i o n.

O f t h e s e o r g ani sm s, ac i d - p r o duc in g bac te r i a ar e t h e m o st n oto r i o us, n ot o n ly b e c aus e of t h e ir abun danc e in nat ur e, b ut al s o b e c aus e of t h e key r o l e s t h ey p lay in hum ans’ ow n sur v i val. H e r e ar e a few exam p l e s.

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Ac e t i c Ac i d B a c t e r i a (A A B): Ac et i c Ac i d B ac te r i a ar e a c las s i f i c at i o n of bac te r i a w hi c h ar e c apab l e of ox i dizi n g et han o l into ac et i c ac i d dur in g fe r m e nt at i o n. Cur r e nt ly t h e r e ar e 10 g e n e r a in t h e f ami ly Ac eto bac ter ac eae,

G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 2 2 - 5 7

Got Got Rum Rum?? July July 22002222 -- 58 58

o n e of t h e s e i s Ac eto bac ter, w hi c h c a n ox i dize et han o l to c ar b o n di ox i d e a n d wate r us i n g K r e b s c yc l e e nz y m e s.

O n e exa m p l e of Ac eto bac ter i s Ac eto bac ter d iazo tr o p h i c us, w hi c h c a n b e i s o l ate d f r o m c of fe e p l ant s o r f r o m su g a r c an e st alks. I t i s an ac i d p r o du c i n g, ni t r o g e n - f i x i n g bac te r i a. I n f ac t , t h e A . d iazo tr o p hi c us - su g ar c an e r e l at i o ns hi p, f i r st o b s e r ve d i n B r a zi l, was t h e f i r st r e p o r t of a b e n ef i c i al sy m b i ot i c r e l at i o ns hi p b et we e n g r as s e s a n d bac te r i a t hr o u g h ni t r o g e n f i xat i o n. N i t r o g e n - f i x i n g bac te r i a a r e i m p o r t ant i n m o d e r n ag r i c ult ur e - ex p l o i t i n g t h e s e bac te r i a wo ul d d e c r e as e t h e p r e s e nt d e p e n d e nc y o n ni t r o g e n fe r t i lize r s, w hi c h wo ul d h ave p o s i t i ve r e sult s f o r t h e e c o syste m a n d t h e h e alt h of hum ans an d ot h e r

anim al s. O t h e r st r ains c an b e f o un d i n s am p l e s f r o m J apan e s e r i c e v in e g a r (ko m e su) o r unp o li sh e d r i c e v in e g a r (kur o su) (5).

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L a c t i c Ac i d B a c t e r i a (L A B): L ac t i c Ac i d B ac te r i a ar e bac te r i a c apab l e of fe r m e nt in g g luc o s e p r im ar i ly to lac t i c ac i d, o r to lac t i c ac i d + C O2 + et han o l. A ll L A B g r ow anae r o b i c al ly, but unlike m o st anae r o b e s, t h ey g r ow in t h e p r e s e nc e of O2 as “ae r oto l e r a nt anae r o b e s”. A lt h o u g h t h ey lac k c at alas e, t h ey p o s s e s s sup e r ox i d e di smut as e an d have alte r nat i ve m e a ns to d etox i f y p e r ox i d e r adi c al s, g e n e r a l ly t hr o u g h p e r ox i das e e nz y m e s.

D e sp ite t h e f ac t t hat m any g e n e r a of bac te r i a p r o duc e lac t i c ac i d as a p r im ar y o r s e c o n dar y e n d - p r o duc t of fe r m e nt at i o n, t h e te r m L ac t i c Ac i d

G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 2 2 - 5 9

B ac te r i a i s c o nve nt i o nal ly r e s e r ve d f o r g e n e r a i n t h e o r d e r L ac to bac i l la l es, w hi c h i nc lu d e s L ac to bac i l lus, Leu c o n o s to c, Pe d i o c o c c us, L ac to c o c c us an d S tr ep to c o c c us, i n ad di t i o n to C a r n o bac ter i u m, Enter o c o c c us, O en o c o c c us, Tetr a g en o c o c c us, Va g o c o c c us, an d Weis e l la. B e c aus e t h ey o bt ai n e n e r g y o n ly f r o m t h e m et ab o li s m of su g ar s, l ac t i c ac i d bac te r i a ar e r e st r i c te d to e nv i r o nm e nt s i n w hi c h su g ar s ar e p r e s e nt . T h ey have li m i te d b i o sy nt h et i c a b i li t y, hav i n g evo l ve d i n e nv i r o nm e nt s t h at a r e r i c h i n am i n o ac i ds, v it amins, p ur i n e s an d py r i m i di n e s, s o t h ey must b e c ult i vate d i n c o m p l ex m e di a t hat f ul f i l l al l t h e i r nut r i t i o nal r e qui r e m e nt s.

M o st L A B ar e f r e e - li v i n g o r li ve in b e n ef i c i al o r har m l e s s as s o c i at i o ns

Got Rum ? July 2 0 2 2 - 60

w it h anim al s, alt h o u g h s o m e ar e o p p o r t uni st i c pat h o g e ns.

T h e hum an g ut c o nt ains a hi g h ly di ve r s e mi c r o b i al c o m munit y t hat i s e s s e nt i a l ly an o p e n e c o syste m, d e sp ite b e in g d e e p ly e m b e d d e d w it hin t h e hum an b o dy.

Fo o d - as s o c i ate d fe r m e nt at i ve bac te r i a, inc lu din g p r o b i ot i c s, ar e m aj o r s o ur c e s of in g e ste d bac te r i a t hat m ay te m p o r a r i ly c o m p l e m e nt r e s i d e nt m i c r o b i al c o m munit i e s, t hus f o r min g par t of o ur t r ans i e nt m ic r o b i o m e (6).

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I n g e ste d bac te r i a c an te m p o r ar i ly c o m p l e m e nt r e s i d e nt bac te r i al c o m munit i e s as par t of o ur t r ans i e nt mi c r o b i o m e.

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T h e ex te nt of inte g r at i o n i s hi g h ly sp e c i e s - an d st r ain - d e p e n d e nt a n d

m ay va r y d e p e n di n g o n di et ar y c o ntex t a n d bas e li n e m i c r o b i ot a st r uc t ur e.

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I n g e ste d bac te r i a c an c aus e m aj o r s hi f t s i n t h e c o m p o s i t i o n of t h e mi c r o b i o m e of t h e s m al l i nte st i n e, w h e r e as a lte r at i o ns i n t h e c o l o n a r e m o st ly of li m i te d ex te nt .

C li ni c a l dat a have p r ov i d e d ev i d e nc e t h at i n g e ste d bac te r i a m ay st i mul ate p r o du c t i o n of s h o r t- c hai n f at t y ac i ds a n d i nhi b i t s o m e o p p o r t uni st i c pat h o g e ns.

O ur d e p e n d e nc e o n ac i d - p r o duc i n g bac te r i a to fe r m e nt o ur f o o ds (c h e e s e, s au e r k r aut , k i m c hi, etc .) has r e sulte d in o ur p r e s e r vat i o n an d p r o pag at i o n of d e s i r e d st r ai ns. B ut t h e s am e st r ai ns c an al s o w r e ak h avo c w h e n t h ey ap p e ar in

o p e r at i o ns w h e r e t h e ac i dit y i s s e e n as a n un d e s ir ab l e t r ait o r w h e r e it s p r o duc t i o n c o m p r o mi s e s y i e l ds, like in t h e al c o h o l p r o duc t i o n in dust r y.

Pe n i c i l l i n: I s W h a t ’s Fo r Lu n c h!

W h e n it was di s c ove r y in 19 28 by D r.

A l exan d e r Fl e min g, p e ni c i llin m ar ke d a t ur nin g p o int in hum an hi sto r y: f o r t h e f ir st t im e eve r, d o c to r s had a to o l w it h w hi c h t h ey c o ul d c ur e pat i e nt s infe c te d by a p l et h o r a of d e adly infe c t i o us di s e as e s.

N ot to o l o n g af te r it s r evo lut i o nar y int r o duc t i o n into t h e m e di c al f i e l d, mi c r o b i o l o gi st s an d s c i e nt i st s f o un d us e s f o r p e ni c i llin o ut s i d e h o sp it al s as we ll, inc lu din g it s us e as an in o c ulant i n fe r m e nt at i o n t anks at et han o l p lant s.

G Goott RRuum m?? JJuully y 2022 - 61

Got Got Rum Rum? ? July July 22002222 -- 62 62

Eve r s i n c e t h e n, p e ni c i l li n has b e e n us e d, eve n a b us e d, t hr o u g h o ut t h e wo r l d, a l l t h e w hi l e i t s bac te r i al v i c t i m s h ave b e e n wo r k i n g o n sur v i va l st r ate g i e s. Ac c o r di n g to t h e Wo r l d H e alt h O r g a niz at i o n ( 7), “ant i b i ot i c r e s i st anc e i s r i s i n g to dan g e r o us ly hi g h l eve l s i n a ll p a r t s of t h e wo r l d. N ew r e s i st anc e m e c h a ni s m s a r e e m e r gi n g an d s p r e adin g g l o ba lly, t h r e ate ni n g o ur ab i li t y to t r e at c o m m o n i nfe c t i o us di s e as e s. A g r ow in g li st of i nfe c t i o ns – suc h as p n e um o ni a, t ub e r c ul o s i s, b l o o d p o i s o ni n g, g o n o r r h e a, a n d fo o db o r n e di s e as e s – ar e b e c o min g h a r d e r, a n d s o m et i m e s i m p o s s i b l e, to t r e at as a nt i b i ot i c s b e c o m e l e s s ef fe c t i ve. W h e r e ant i b i ot i c s c an b e b o u g ht fo r hum an o r ani m al us e w i t h o ut a p r e s c r i pt i o n, t h e e m e r g e nc e an d sp r e ad of r e s i st anc e i s m ad e wo r s e.

S i m i l a r ly, i n c o unt r i e s w i t h o ut st an dar d t r e at m e nt g ui d e li n e s, ant i b i ot i c s ar e of te n ove r- p r e s c r i b e d by h e alt h wo r ke r s an d vete r i n a r i a ns an d ove r- us e d by t h e p ub li c .

W i t h o ut ur g e nt ac t i o n, we ar e h e adi n g f o r a p o st- a nt i b i ot i c e r a, i n w hi c h c o m m o n infe c t i o ns a n d m i n o r i nj ur i e s c an o nc e a g ai n k i l l.”

I f t h e t h o u g ht of i nc r e as i n g ly - r e s i st ant mi c r o b e s i s n ot s c ar y e n o u g h to ke e p yo u awake at ni g ht , r e c e nt st u di e s have hi g h li g hte d t h e ex i ste nc e of bac te r i a t hat ac tu a l ly e at p e ni c i lli n. D r. G uat am D a nt as, a mi c r o b i o l o gi st at Was hi n gto n U ni ve r s i t y i n S t . Lo ui s, has s p e nt ove r a d e c ad e d e c o nst r uc t i n g t h e ste p s n e e d e d fo r mi c r o b e s to b r e ak d ow n p e ni c i lli n.

D r. D a nt as su g g e st s t hat s p e c i al ly e n g i n e e r e d m i c r o b e s c o ul d b e us e d to b r e ak d ow n a nt i b i ot i c p o l lut ant s, f o r exa m p l e, i n waste f r o m f ar m s w h e r e t h e dr u g s h ave b e e n us e d i n li ve sto c k o r in ef f lu e nt f r o m h o s p i t al s o r al c o h o l p l ant s (s o m e di st i l l e r s dum p fe r m e nt at i o n t a nk s e di m e nt s st r ai g ht i nto muni c i pal s ewag e, of te n w i t h ye ast an d ot h e r o r g ani s m s st i ll ali ve).

I n t o t h e Fu t u r e O ur di g e st i ve t r ac t s ar e h o st s to t r i l li o ns of mi c r o b e s t h at p l ay a ve r y i m p o r t ant r o l e i n hum a n b i o l o g y an d di s e as e c o nt r o l.

S tu di e s h ave s h ow n t hat e ac h m i l li li te r of t h e l a r g e i nte st i n e h o l ds ap p r ox i m ate ly

10 ^11 mi c r o b i al c e ll s (8). C an yo u im a g i n e w hat wo ul d hap p e n i f we ac c i d e nt ally in g e st p e ni c i llin - e at in g bac te r i a an d t h ey s et up p e r m an e nt r e s i d e nc e in o ur g ut s, all ow in g ot h e r un d e s ir e d infe c t i o us o r g ani sm s to e st ab li sh c o l o ni e s in o ur mi c r o b i ot a? O n t h e ot h e r han d, w i ll hum an - g e n o m e m o di f i c at i o ns eve r all ow us to p r o duc e ad dit i o nal mi c r o b e k i ll e r tox ins, as par t of o ur im mun e syste m?

A s yo u r e ad t h e s e lin e s, s c i e nt i st s ar e al s o i d e nt i f y in g n o n - S ac c har o myc e s fe r m e nt at i o n ye ast alte r nat i ve s, g e n et i c ally alte r in g t h e m to o pt imize t h e m f o r c o m m e r c i al us e. T h e s e n ew st r an ds w i ll, un d o ubte dly, p r o duc e t h e ir ow n n ew ve r s i o ns of k i ll e r tox ins, w hi c h - eve r yo n e h o p e s - sh o ul dn’ t have un ex p e c te d n e g at i ve c o ns e qu e nc e s.

W hi l e t h e f ut ur e i s n ot c ar ve d o n g r ani te, t h e r e i s o n e t hin g we c an sur e ly r e ly o n: nat ur e’s c h e s s g am e w i ll c o nt inu e to evo l ve an d adapt unt i l t h e e n d of t im e.

H o p ef ully we hum ans w i ll b e ar o un d to w it n e s s muc h of it .

To t h e sp ir it of sur v i val!

Lui s Re f e r e n c e s 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

B eva n E A , M a ko we r M “ T h e p hy s i o l o g i c a l b a s i s o f t h e k i l l e r c h a r a c te r i n ye a s t ” - 19 6 3 Wo o d s D R , B eva n E A “ S t u d i e s o n t h e n at u r e o f t h e k i l l e r f a c t o r p r o d u c e d by S a c c h a r o myc e s c e r ev i s i a e” - 19 6 8 K l a s s e n R , S c h a f f r at h R , B u z z i n i P, P h i l i p G a nte r PF “A nt a g o n i s t i c i nte r a c t i o n s a n d k i l l e r ye a s t s” - 2 017 Tr e d o u x et a l.,19 8 6 , M a g l i a n i et a l.,19 97, S c h m i t t & B r e i n i g, 2 0 0 2 , M o h a m u d h a Pa r ve e n & Aye s h a B e g u m , 2 010 C h r i s t i n a Ke n n e d y ( P l a nt Pat h o l o g y & M i c r o b i o l o g y at T h e U n i ve r s i t y o f A r i zo n a) “ I m p o r t a n c e o f B i o l o g i c a l N i t r o g e n Fi x at i o n” M u r i e l D e r r i e n, J o h a n E .T. va n H y l c k a m a V l i e g “ Fate, a c t i v i t y, a n d i m p a c t o f i n g e s te d b a c te r i a w i t h i n t h e h u m a n g u t m i c r o b i o t a” - 2 015 ht t p s: // w w w.w h o.i nt /n ew s - r o o m / f a c t - s h e et s / d et a i l /a nt i b i ot i c - r e s i s t a n c e Wa l te r J, L ey R . T h e h u m a n g u t m i c r o b i o m e: e c o l o g y a n d r e c e nt evo l u t i o n a r y c h a n g e s .

A n n u Rev M i c r o b i o l - 2 011.

G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 2 2 - 6 3

CIGAR & RUM PAIRING

by Phi li p I li B a r ake

Got Rum ? July 2 0 2 2 - 64

Summer Coffee We are in t he mi dst of summer and ever y year at t his t ime we fe e l t he heat and ne e d to quenc h our t hir st w it h s o met hing c o o l, but we do n’t al ways c r ave c las si c c o c k t ails like t he M ojito o r t he Dai quir i, but r at her s o met hing b et ter suite d to pair w it h a c i gar. T his is a c halleng e, b e c ause t he afo rement i o ne d c o c k t ails do n’t al ways g o we ll w it h a Puro.

M

y n a m e i s Ph i l i p I l i B a r a ke, S o m m e l i e r by t r a d e. A s a r e s u l t o f w o r k i n g w i t h s e l e c te d r e s t a u r a nt s a n d w i n e p r o d u c e r s i n C h i l e, I s t a r te d d eve l o p i n g a p a s s i o n for distilled spirits and cigars. As par t of my m o s t r e c e nt j o b, I h a d t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o v i s i t m a ny C e nt r a l A m e r i c a n c o u nt r i e s , a s we l l a s , r u m d i s t i l l e r i e s a n d t o b a c c o g r o we r s .

B u t my p a s s i o n f o r s p i r i t s a n d c i g a r s d i d n ot e n d t h e r e; i n 2 010 I h a d t h e h o n o r o f r e p r e s e nt i n g C h i l e a t t h e I nte r n a t i o n a l C i g a r S o m m e l i e r C o m p et i t i o n, w h e r e I w o n f i r s t p l a c e, b e c o m i n g t h e f i r s t S o u t h A m e r i c a n t o eve r a c h i eve t h a t f e a t .

Now I face the challenge of impressing t h e r e a d e r s o f “ G o t Ru m? ” w i t h w h a t i s perhaps the toughest task for a Sommelier: d i s c u s s i n g p a i r i n g s w h i l e b e i n g we l l awa r e t h at t h e r e a r e a s m a ny i n d i v i d u a l p r ef e r e n c e s a s t h e r e a r e r u m s a n d c i g a r s i n t h e wo r l d.

I b e l i eve a p a i r i n g i s a n ex p e r i e n c e t h a t s h o u l d n ot b e l i m i te d t o o n l y t w o p r o d u c t s; i t i s s o m et h i n g t h a t c a n b e i n c o r p o r a te d i nt o o u r l i ve s . I hope to help our r e a d e r s d i s c ove r a n d a p p r e c i ate t h e pleasure of tr ying 2022 n ew t h i n g s (o r ex p e r i e n c i n g k n o w n t h i n g s i n n ew way s).

Philip # GRC i g a r Pa i r i n g

G iven t his sc enar i o, a simp le c o c k t ail you c an p repare at h o me - w it h di f ferent ver si o ns o r m o di f ic at i o ns - is w hat we c all t he Summer C of fe e. You’ll ne e d a c up, i deally a glas s o ne fo r Capuc c ino, f ille d w it h c r ushe d ic e and t hen add e qual p o r t i o ns of r um and c of fe e li queur. T he exac t numb er of ounc e s you use w ill dep end o n t he size of t he c up you use, just rememb er to use p lent y of ic e to endure t he outdo o r heat .

T he r um I se le c te d fo r t his o c c asi o n is H avana 7 year o l d f ro m Cuba, w hic h you c oul d ver y easily rep lac e w it h any ot her r um ag e d fewer t han 10 year s, i deally w it h a similar p rof ile (l ow c o ng ener) and not ver y swe et , sinc e t he c of fe e li queur w ill add swe et ne s s to t he c o c k t ail and you do n’t want t he f inal p ro duc t to b e over ly swe et .

Fo r t he c i gar I se le c te d a To ro (6 x 5 0) f ro m Camac h o de B rot her h o o d S er i e s, a mi x of N ic ar aguan, D o mini c an Republi c and H o ndur an to bac c o s, w it h an intensit y r anging f ro m me dium to hi gh. T his intensit y is i deal fo r t he pair ing, but you c oul d als o use a sh o r ter c i gar fo r a quic ker sm oke.

G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 2 2 - 6 5

Ph oto c r e di t : @ Ci g a r i li

Got Got Rum Rum?? July July 22002222 -- 66 66

Ph oto c r e di t : @ C i g a r i li

Up o n li ght ing up t he c i gar, t he f ir st few dr aws give me hint s of maduro to bac c o, p epp er, f re shly toaste d bar ley and mil d hint s of c ar ame l t hat c o nt inue to inc rease in intensit y as we st ar t t he pair ing w it h t he c o c k t ail and app roac h t he f ir st t hir d of t he c i gar.

A s I st ar t to sm o ke t he se c o nd t hir d of t he c i gar, I had to prepare a se c o nd Summ er C of fe e. T he note s c o ming are now t ho se of toaste d re d f r uit s and c o c oa p owder, t hey are ver y enj oyable. At t his p o int I woul d have p refer re d to have a sho r ter c i gar, but in hindsi ght I also enj oye d t he se c o nd c o c k t ail fo r t wo reaso ns: it is so easy to prepare and de spite it s simplic it y,

it is over ly har m o ni ous and balanc e d, f ull of f lavo r s and aro mas t hat c o mbine exc e e dingly we ll w it h t he c i gar.

T his is a simp le and ref re shing pair ing, al ways we lc o me d by a c i gar sm o ker dur ing t he sc o rc hing summer af ter no o ns. I h o p e you c an re c reate t his pair ing at h o me, it is ver y simp l e and you c an rep lac e b ot h t he c i gar and t he r ums to your lik ing.

Che er s!

Philip Ili Bar ake # GRCi gar Pair ing

G o t R u m ? J u ly 2 0 2 2 - 6 7

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