Image Sources

Figure 001

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Aerial Photo of Rising Developments in Manhattan.” New York City, January 2021.

Figure 002

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Discursive Image that Introduces Increasing Vegetation.” September 2020. Image from TMRW, via Gensler. “A rendering shows how Tower Fifth would look soaring over Manhattan.” Digital Image. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/18/nyregion/harry-macklowe-skyscraper-nyc. html

Figure 003

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Discursive Image that Shows the Alternative Landscape Approaches.” September 2020. Images from; Shutterstock. " Apartments building don’t pay for themselves. "Digital Image. Accessed September 2020. NY Daily News. https://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/ny-letter-april-28-20200428t5xilowbsfe3nm5j52dcz5vueq-story.html

Vecerka, Albert. “Tribeca Loft: New York.” Photograph. New York City, NY. Esto. Accessed September 2020. http://esto.com/av-hospitality/1y43j3x3onx0l4wsnojgolm16i3cet

Young, Michael. “Looking up at The Edge at 30 Hudson Yards.” Photograph. New York City, NY. New York Yimby LLC. Accessed September 2020. https://newyorkyimby.com/2019/12/the-edge-at-30-hudsonyards-prepares-for-march-2020-opening.html

Ari Burling Photography. “PS 41, MANHATTAN, 2013." Photograph. New York City, NY. AriBurling. Accessed October 2020. http://www.ariburling.com/ari-burling/architectural-photographer/green-roofsnyc/e7z7ldmkaf10vknw1n00pd1wohb1mb

“HWKN Creates a Green Hill on an NYC Rooftop for BMW MINI” Photograph. New York City, NY. Inhabitat. Accessed September 2020. https://inhabitat.com/hwkn-creates-a-green-hill-on-an-nyc-rooftop-for-bmwmini/

The Howard Hughes Corporation. “The Greens at Pier 17.” Photograph. New York City, NY. TimeOut. Accessed September 2020. https://www.timeout.com/newyork/news/you-can-now-rent-a-backyard-onthe-waterfront-at-pier-17.

Keyes, Travis W. “Ampia Restaurant & Rooftop.” Photograph. New York City, NY. Page Six. Accessed September 2020. https://pagesix.com/2020/07/04/rooftop-eatery-features-private-greenhousesfor-socially-distanced-dining/.

Figure 004

Shankbone, David. “Rockefeller Groupd’s 1221 Avenue of the Americas.” New York City, NY, Photograph. Accessed October 2020. https://commercialobserver.com/2016/08/rockefeller-group-snatches-hinesdaniel-moore-for-new-head-of-development/.

Figure 005

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Selected Site Locations.” September 2020.

Figure 006

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “New York City’s Evolving Skyline.” October 2020. Adapted from Visual Capitalist. “A Century of NewYork City’s Evolving Skyline.” October 20, 2018. Digital Image. Accessed December 2020. https:// www.visualcapitalist.com/new-york-city-evolving-skyline/

Figure 007

Gorenoglu, Nebile. Adapted from Cities Urban Age Program at the London School of Economics. “See how NYC’s urban density stacks up against other major cities.” March 25, 2019. Digital Image. 6SQFT. Accessed October 2020. https://www.6sqft.com/see-how-nycs-urban-density-stacks-up-againstother-major-cities/

Figure 008

Gorenoglu, Nebile. Altered from Artem Perevozchikov/iStock. “New York Gov. Cuomo: Empty Offices Should Become Housing.” Jan 13, 2021. Digital Image. Fast Company. Accessed March 2021. https:// www.fastcompany.com/90593504/new-york-gov-cuomo-empty-offices-should-become-housing

Figure 009

Gorenoglu, Nebile. Adapted from Bloomberg City Lab and The New York Times. “Media Response to Empty Office Towers in Midtown Manhattan.”April 2021. Digital Image. Bloomberg City Lab. Accessed April 2021. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-02/should-manhattan-s-offices-turn-intohousing "Midtown is Reeling. Should Its Become Apartment?" New York Times. Accessed April 2021. https://www. nytimes.com/2020/12/11/nyregion/nyc-commercial-real-estate.html

Figure 010

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Discursive Image that Shows Limited Amount Vegetated Surface.” New York City, September 2020.

Figure 011

MIT Senseable City Lab. “Air Pollution.” Digital Image. MIT. Accessed October 2020.http://senseable.mit.edu/ urban-exposures/.

Figure 012

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Energy Consumption.” October 2020. Adapted from The Modi Research Group. “Mapping NewYork City Energy Consumption.” Quadracci Sustainable Engineering Lab @ Columbia University. Digital Image.Accessed October 2020. https://qsel.columbia.edu/project-nyc-energy-mapping/.

Figure 012

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Energy Consumption.” October 2020. Adapted from The Modi Research Group. “Mapping NewYork City Energy Consumption.” Quadracci Sustainable Engineering Lab @ Columbia University. Digital Image.Accessed October 2020. https://qsel.columbia.edu/project-nyc-energy-mapping/.

Figure 013

“Beating the Heat in the World’s Big Cities.” Digital Image. NASA. NASA, 2006. Accessed October 2020. https:// earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GreenRoof/greenroof2.php.

Figure 014

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Green City Icons.” October 2020. Adapted from Smashicon. Digital Image. Flaticon. Accessed December 2020.https://www.flaticon.com/

Figure 015

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Greenest Cities.” October 2020. Images From;

FG+SG. “A Plant-Covered Home: House Patrocinio by Rebelo de Andrade.” Photograph. Design Milk. Accessed October 2020.https://design-milk.com/plant-covered-house-patrocinio-by-rebelo-de-andrade/?utm_ source=feedburner&utm_campaign=Feed:+design-milk+(Design+Milk)

MVRDV. “Valley.” Render. MVRDV. Accessed October 2020. https://www.mvrdv.nl/projects/233/valley

Sheppard Robinson. “Citicape House, EC1.” Render. Sheppard Robinson. Accessed December 2020.https:// www.dezeen.com/2019/11/11/citicape-house-green-wall-architecture-sheppard-robson/

Tim Griffith. “KPF-designed tower in singapore promotes ‘sustainable urbanism.’” July 2019. Photograph Singapore. Designboom. Accessed December 2020. https://www.archdaily.com/922235/kpfs-robinsontower-opens-in-singapore/5d42fdb6284dd17cfe000075-kpfs-robinson-tower-opens-in-singapore-image

Patrick Blanc. “The Caixa Forum Museum Vertical Garden.” Photograph. Madrid, Spain. Green Roofs. Accessed December2020. https://www.greenroofs.com/projects/caixa-forum-museum-vertical-garden/

James and Connor Steinkamp. “United States Coast Guard Headquarters.” Washington, D.C. Photograph. Architect Magazine. Accessed December 2020. https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/ united-states-coast-guard-headquarters_o

Art-Invest Real Estate and Accumulata Immobilien. “Hollwich Kushner Unveils Plans for Mixed-Use Business District in Munich.” Archdaily. Accessed December 2020.https://www.archdaily.com/868909/ plans-unveiled-for-hollwich-kushners-mixed-use-business-district-in-munich?ad_medium=gallery

zoomVP/querkraft architekten “Innovative, Car Free and Green: Images of the New IKEA Austria Store Revealed.” Archdaily. Accessed December 2020. https://www.archdaily.com/932714/innovative-car-free-and-greenimages-of-the-new-ikea-austria-store-revealed

Jean Nouvel. “Matarazzo Park Tower.” Render. AJN. Accessed December 2020. http://www.jeannouvel.com/en/ projects/torre-rosewood/

Figure 016

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Discursive Image that Shows Limited Amount of Vegetated Surafce.” October 2020. Image from Max Touhey. “NYC buildings will soon display letter grades tracking energy efficiency.” New York City, NY. Accessed January 2020. Curbed NY. https://ny.curbed.com/2019/11/21/20975754/nycbuildings-energy-efficiency-letter-grades-climate-mobilization-act/comment/519723485

Figure 017

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “History of New York City Zoning Regulation.” December 2020. Images from;

Mayoral Photography. “Mayor Bill de Blasio announced New York City’s Green New Deal on Earth Day.”Photograph. Accessed October 2020. https://brooklyneagle.com/articles/2019/04/22/nycs-greennew-deal-everything-you-need-to-know/

NYC Department of Buildings. “Local Laws of The City of New York For the Year of 2019, No. 92 and 94.”

Ferriss, Hugh. “Evolution of a City Building Under the Zoning Law.” Drawing. New York Times. March 19, 1922. Accessed October 2020. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/ timesmachine/1922/03/19/103583321. html?pageNumber=53

City of New York. “One NYC 2050 - Summary Image.” Photograph. April 2019. One NYC 2050: Building a Strong and Fair City.

Jerold S. Kayden, The New York City Department Of City Planning and The Municipal Art Society Of New York. Book Cover. November, 2000. Privately Owned Public Space: The New York City Experience.

“The Sunken Plaza, 1964.” Photograph. City Reality. Accessed October 2020. https://www.cityrealty.com/ nyc/market-insight/carters-view/game-changers/one-chase-manhattan-plaza-redefining-downtownmodern- skyscraper/2962

NYC Planning. “New York City’s Privately Owned Public Spaces.” Photograph. New York City, NYC. Accessed October 2020. https://www1.nyc.gov/site/planning/plans/pops/pops-history.page

NYC Planning. “140 Broadway.” Photograph. New York City, NY. Accessed October 2020. https://www1.nyc.gov/ site/planning/plans/pops/pops.page

Department of City Planning and Division of Master Plan. “Master Plan Land Use - Second Stage.” Digital Image. New York City, NY. Accessed October 2020. https://boiseplanning.wordpress.com/2014/02/03/rex-thered/

Arthur Nager. “Washington Square Park, NYC, 1975.” Arthur Nager. Photograph. New York City, NY. Accessed October 2020. http://www.arthurnager.com/new-gallery-27/1gm9g5arjvrfq115c6hyqzbrhtrgo7-pgxms

Hugh Ferris. “Illustration from Hugh Ferriss, The Metropolis of Tomorrow (1929).” Digital Image. New York City, NY. Accessed October 2020. https://neverwasmag.com/2016/01/hugh-ferriss-delineator-of-a-dieselpunkworld/hugh-ferriss-artwork-2/

Samuel H. Gottscho. “Empire State Building, New York City. [View from], to Chrysler Bldg. and Queensboro Bridge, low viewpoint.” Photograph. New York City, NY. January 19th 1932. Library of Congress. Accessed October 2020. https://www.loc.gov/resource/ppmsca.05841/

Figure 018

City of New York Board of Estimate and Apportionment. “Chart Showing Height Limits at the Street Line for All Street Widths In All Height Districts.” Commission on Building Districts and Restrictions Final Report. June 2, 1916. 258.

Figure 019

Ferriss, Hugh. “Evolution of a City Building Under the Zoning Law.” Drawing. New York Times. March 19 1922. Accessed October 2020. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1922/03/19/103583321. html?pageNumber=53

Figure 020

“AD Classics: Chase Manhattan Plaza / SOM.” Photograph. Archdaily. Accessed October 2020. https://www. archdaily.com/127371/ad-classics-chase-manhattan-plaza-som

Figure 021

NYC Department of Buildings. “Local Laws of The City of New York For the Year of 2019, No. 92 and 94.” Accessed December 2020. https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/buildings/local_laws/ll92of2019.pdf

Figure 022

NYC Department of Design and Construction. “Green Roofs Creating a More Sustainable New York City.” July 1, 2016. Accessed December 2020. https://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/resources/features/july-2016-green- roofs.page

Figure 023

NYC Department of Buildings. “Local Laws of The City of New York For the Year of 2019, No. 97.” Accessed December 2020. https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/buildings/local_laws/ll97of2019.pdf

Figure 024

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “The Climate Mobilization Act Implementation Timeline 2019-2050.” 2020. Adapted from Urban Green Council. “Implementation Timeline” Digital Image. 2019. https://www.urbangreencouncil. org/sites/default/files/2020.07.09_urban_green_building_emissions_law_summary_revised_11.17.2020. pdf

Figure 025

Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates. “Design for 390 Madison Avenue that Shows Re-Massing.” Digital Image. Accessed February 2021. https://www.kpf.com/about/sustainability

Figure 026

City of New York. “OneNYC 2050 Volume 1 of 9 Book Cover.” Digital Image. Accessed February 2021. http:// onenyc.cityofnewyork.us/

Figure 027

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “2000 Years of Green House Gas Concentration .“2020. Adapted from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. “Concentrations of Atmospheric Greenhouse Gases Over the Last 2000 Years.” Digital Image.“IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007.” IPCC. https://archive. ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/faq-2-1-figure-1.html

Figure 028

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “A Sustainable Development Goals. “ October 2020.

Figure 029

Layefsky, Michael. “California Academy of Sciences.” April 16, 2009. Photograph. San Francisco, California. Flickr. Accessed December 2020. https://www.flickr.com/photos/ml_kap/3466556546/

Figure 030

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Green City Icons.” October 2020. Adapted from Smashicon. Digital Image. Flaticon. Accessed December 2020.https://www.flaticon.com/

Figure 031

MIT Senseable City Lab. “Exploring the Green Canopy In Cities Around the World.” MIT Senseable City Lab. Accessed October 2020. http://senseable.mit.edu/treepedia

Figure 032

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Urban Green Space and Accessibiltiy.” October 2020.

Figure 033

The Trust for Public Land. “How we calculated New York’s ParkScore Rating.” The Trust for Public Land. Accessed December 2020. Digital Image. https://www.tpl.org/city/new-york-new-york

Figure 034

Photographer Unknown. “ View of the High Line shortly after it was built, looking north from West Seventeenth Street.” Photograph.New York City, NY. The Highline. Accessed October 2020. https://www.thehighline. org/history/?

Figure 035

Baan, Iwan. “The High Line.” Photograph. New York City, NY. The Highline. Accessed October 2020. https://www. thehighline.org/photos/by-photographer/iwan-baan/

Figure 036

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Performative Aspects of Vertical Greenery.” October 2020.

Figure 037

The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Picture Collection, The New York Public Library. “Beautiful reconstruction of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon” New York Public Library Digital Collections. Accessed December 30, 2020. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e44d45-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99

Figure 038

Heidarinejad, Ghassem, Arash Esmaili. “heat dissipation in green roof in contrast with conventional roof.” Digital Image. “Assessment of Green Roof Energy Savings Compared to Conventional Roof.”Tarbiat Modares University. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2010.11.008. IBPSA. Accessed October 2020. http://www.ibpsa.org/ proceedings/eSimPapers/2016/45-186-eSim2016.pdf

Figure 039

Zhang, Gaochuan, Bao-Jie He, Zongzhou Zhu, and Bart Julien Dewancker. “Impact of Morphological Characteristics of Green Roofs on Pedestrian Cooling in Subtropical Climates.” Digital Image. MDPI. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2 (January 9, 2019). 2.

Figure 040

MVRDV. “MVRDV and SDK Vastgoed Selected to Design Sustainable Housing Complex in Eindhoven.” Digital Image. Archdaily. Accessed December 2020. https://www.archdaily.com/875759/mvrdv-and-sdkvastgoed-selected-to-design-sustainable-housing-complex-in-eindhoven

Figure 041

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Photo Collage that Shows Different Landscape Approaches.” October 2020.Images from;

Wison Tungthunya. “Vertical Living Gallery by Sansiri and Shma.” Photography. Bangkok, Thailand. Dezeen. Accessed October 2020. https://www.dezeen.com/2011/07/13/vertical-living-gallery-by-sansiriand-shma/ 268

Penda. “Penda Designs Sky Villas with Vertical Gardens for Hyderabad.” Digital Image. Archdaily. Accessed October 2020. https://www.archdaily.com/790207/penda-designs-sky-villas-with-vertical-gardens-for-hyd erabad/576d4afce58ece0d5400003b-penda-designs-sky-villas-with-vertical-gardens-for-hyderabadimage

Ronald Tillemen. “Stadskantoor Venlo / Kraaijvanger Architects.” Photography. Archdaily. Accessed October 2020. https://www.archdaily.com/872129/stadskantoor-venlo-kraaijvanger-architects

Satellite Architects. “Satellite Architects to create gridded facade installation for designjunction 2016.” Digital Image. Dezeen. Accessed October 2020. https://www.dezeen.com/2016/08/17/satellite-architectscreate-grid-facade-installation-designjunction-2016-venue-kings-cross-london-design-festival/

MVRDV. “Zhangjiang Future Park.”Digital Image. MVRDV. Accessed October 2020. https://www.mvrdv.nl/ projects/295/zhangjiang-future-park

Yiorgis Yerolymbos/ Nice Day Developments. “Jean Nouvel’s Cyprus tower has plants bursting through its walls.” Digital Image. Dezeen. Accessed October 2020. https://www.dezeen.com/2016/03/14/ateliers-jeannouvel-nicosia-cyprus-tower-25-plants-perforated-walls-office-housing-block/

Saverio Lombardi Vallauri. “The USA Pavilion’s 7,200-square-foot vertical farm.” Photography. Archdaily. Accessed October 2020. https://www.archdaily.com/626340/take-a-look-at-milan-expo-s-2015-pavilions-onopening-day

Hufton+Crow. “Learning Hub / Heatherwick Studio.” Photography. Archdaily. Accessed October 2020. https:// www.archdaily.com/607594/learning-hub-heatherwick-studio

Patrick Blanc. Quai Branly Jacques Chirac Museum.Photography. Vertical Garden Patrick Blanc. Accessed October 2020. https://www.verticalgardenpatrickblanc.com/realisations/paris/quai-branly-jacques-chirac-museum

Dylan + Jeni. “The Getty Salad Garden from above.” Photography. The Planthunter. Accessed October 2020. https://theplanthunter.com.au/people/salad-for-president/

Lynch, Scott. “Seaport’s Pier 17 Reopens it Rooftop With Socially-Distant Mini-Lawns.” Photography. New York City, NY. Gothamist. Accessed October 2020. https://gothamist.com/food/photos/greens-pier17?image=0

Ari Burling Photography. “5 Boro Green Roof Garden.” Photography. New York City, NY. Inhabitat. Accessed October 2020. https://inhabitat.com/8-gorgeous-urban-rooftop-gardens-hidden-across-nyc/.

Ari Burling Photography. “PS 41, MANHATTAN, 2013." Photography. New York City, NY. AriBurling. Accessed October 2020. http://www.ariburling.com/ari-burling/architectural-photographer/greenroofs-nyc/e7z7ldmkaf10vknw1n00pd1wohb1mb

Figure 042

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “One Central Park Precedent Study Analyze.” December 2020. Altered from Murray Freder icks. “Sydney’s One Central Park by Jean Nouvel Features Lush Vertical Gardens.” Photograph. Design boom. Accessed December 2020. https://www.designboom.com/architecture/jean-nouvel-one-centralpark-sydney-10-08-2014/

Figure 043

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Terracing Strategy on Study Model.” December 2020.

Figure 044

Bjarke Ingels Group. “The Spiral.” January 2016. Render. The Spiral NYC. Accessed December 2020. https:// www.thespiralny.com/availability/

Figure 045

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “The Spiral Precedent Study Analyze.” December 2020. Altered from Bjarke Ingels Group. “TheSpiral.” January 2016. Render. The Spiral NYC. Accessed December 2020. https://www.thespiralny. com/availability/

Figure 046

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Step-Back Strategy on Study Model.” December 2020.

Figure 047

Sheppard Robinson. “Europe’s largest green wall “will absorb eight tonnes of pollution annually” in London.” November 2019. Render. Dezeen. Accessed December 2020. https://www.dezeen.com/2019/11/11/citi cape-house-green-wall-architecture-sheppard-robson/

Figure 048

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Citicape House Precedent Study Analyze.” December 2020. Altered from Sheppard Robin son. “Europe’s largest green wall “will absorb eight tonnes of pollution annually” in London.” November 2019. Render. Dezeen. Accessed December 2020. https://www.dezeen.com/2019/11/11/citi cape-house-green-wall-architecture-sheppard-robson/

Figure 049

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Attachment Strategy on Study Model.” December 2020.

Figure 050

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Robinson Tower Precedent Study Analyze.” December 2020. Adapted from KPF. “Section. ” July 2019. Digital Image. Designboom. Accessed December 2020. https://www.designboom.com/archi tecture/kpf-robinson-tower-singapore-sustainable-urbanism-07-31-2019/

Figure 051

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Robinson Tower Precedent Study Analyze.” December 2020. Altered from Tim Griffith. “KPF-designed tower in singapore promotes ‘sustainable urbanism.’” July 2019. Photograph. Singapore. Designboom. Accessed December 2020. https://www.designboom.com/architecture/kpf-robinson-tow er-singapore-sustainable-urbanism-07-31-2019/

Figure 052

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Deck Strategy on Study Model.” December 2020.

Figure 053

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Vertical Greenery Design Strategies Comparison.” December 2020.

Figure 054

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “California Acedemy of Science Precedent Study Analyze.” December 2020. Altered from Shunji Ishida. “California Academy of Sciences / Renzo Piano Building Workshop + Stantec Architecture.” Photograph. San Francisco, California. Archdaily. Accessed December 2020. https://www.archdaily. com/6810/california-academy-of-sciences-renzo-piano/5721d46ce58ece4601000004-california-acade my-of-sciences-renzo-piano-photo?next_project=no

Figure 055

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Artificial Topography Strategy on Study Model.” December 2020.

Figure 056

MVRDV. “Nieuw Bergen Green Roof Concept.” July 13, 2017. Render. MVRDV. Accessed December 2020. https://www.mvrdv.nl/projects/290/nieuw-bergen

Figure 057

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Nieuw Bergen Precedent Study Analyze.” December 2020. Adapted from MVRDV. “Nieuw Bergen.” July 17, 2017. Render. Eindhoven, Netherlands. Architect Magazine. https://www.architectmaga zine.com/project-gallery/nieuw-bergen_o

Figure 058

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Angled Roof Strategy on Study Model.” December 2020.

Figure 059

Landprocess. Planter’s Soil Depth. Drawing. The Dirt. Accessed December 2020. https://dirt.asla. org/2020/09/30/asias-largest-urban-rooftop-farm-is-a-model-of-integrated-design

Figure 060

Panoramic Studio and Landprocess. Thammasat University Rooftop Farm. Photograph. Tambon Khlong Nung, Bangkok, Thailand. The Dirt. Accessed December 2020. https://dirt.asla.org/2020/09/30/asias-largest-ur ban-rooftop-farm-is-a-model-of-integrated-design

Figure 061

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Raised Structure Strategy on Study Model.” December 2020.

Figure 062

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Horizontal Greenery Design Strategies Comparison..” December 2020.

Figure 063

Tukhtarev, Ilias. “Vector - City Map of Amsterdam, Netherlands.” Digital Image. 123 RF. Accessed December 2020. https://www.123rf.com/photo_85116712_stock-vector-city-map-of-amsterdam-netherlands.html

Figure 064

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Green City Icons.” October 2020. Adapted from Smashicon. Digital Image. Flaticon. Accessed December 2020.https://www.flaticon.com/

Figure 065

Stadt Wien and ViennaGIS. “Publicly accessible green spaces in Vienna.” Digital Image. 2013. City of Vienna. Ac cessed December 2020. https://www.wien.gv.at/umweltschutz/umweltgut/pdf/gruenraumver sorgung-a0-150.pdf

Figure 066

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Green City Icons.” October 2020. Adapted from Smashicon. Digital Image. Flaticon. Accessed December 2020.https://www.flaticon.com/

Figure 067

Here. “Green Spaces.” Urban Mobility Index. Digital Image. Accessed December 2020. https://urbanmobilityin dex.here.com/city/new_york_city

Figure 068

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Green City Icons.” October 2020. Adapted from Smashicon. Digital Image. Flaticon. Accessed December 2020.https://www.flaticon.com/

Figure 069

NYC Department of Buildings. “Local Laws of The City of New York For the Year of 2019, No. 92 and 94.” Ac cessed December 2020. https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/buildings/local_laws/ll92of2019.pdf

Figure 070

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Midtown Study Model that Analyzes Existing Conditions.” December 2020.

Figure 071

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Aerial View of Mechanical Equipment and Bulkheads on the Selected Midtown Manhattan Site.” Adapted from Google Earth. Accessed December 2020. earth.google.com/web/.

Figure 072

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Midtown Study Model and Aerial View thats Shows Implementation of Local Law 92 and 94.” December 2020.

Figure 073

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Aerial View of Midtown Manhattan After Applied Local Law 92 and 94.” Adapted from Goo gle Earth. Accessed December 2020. earth.google.com/web/.

Figure 074

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “East Village Study Model that Analyzes Existing Conditions.” December 2020.

Figure 075

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Aerial View of Building Cores on the Selected East Village Site.” Adapted from Google Earth. December 2020. earth.google.com/web/.

Figure 076

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “East Village Study Model and Aerial View thats Shows Implementation of Local Law 92 and 94.” December 2020.

Figure 077

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Aerial View of Ear Village After Applied Local Law 92 and 94.” Adapted from Google Earth. Accessed December 2020. earth.google.com/web/.

Figure 078

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Study Models Comparison On the Selected Sites After Applying Local Law 92 and 94.” December 2020.

Figure 079

NYC Department of Buildings. “Local Laws of The City of New York For the Year of 2019, No. 92 and 94.” Ac cessed December 2020. https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/buildings/local_laws/ll92of2019.pdf

Figure 080

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Green Comes First Guidelines of the City of New York for the Year 2021.” December 2020

Figure 081

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Design Test 01 Implementation of Green Comes First Guideline.” December 2020.

Figure 082

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Design Test 01 Substracted Building Mass.” December 2020.

Figure 083

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Existing Building Structure by Locating the Building Core and Massing.” December 2020.

Figure 084

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Design Test 02 Existing Condition and Environmental Benefits of Proposal.” Adapted from Google Earth. December 2020. Adapted from Google Earth. Accessed December 2020. earth.google. com/web/.

Figure 085

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Analytique that Compares the Application of Local Laws 92 and 94 and the New Green Guidelline on the Selected Sites.” December 2020.

Figure 086

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Artifact High Rise Design Study.”December 2020.

Figure 087

NYC Department of Buildings. “Local Laws of The City of New York For the Year of 2019, No. 97.” Accessed Janu ary 01. https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/buildings/local_laws/ll97of2019.pdf

Figure 088

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Midtown 6th Avenue Site Existing Condition.” January 2021.

Figure 089

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Facade Renovation with Installing Spandrel Glass, Increasing Wall Ratio, and Installing Solar Shading Devices in Order to Reduce Solar Gain and Heat Loss,.” January 2021.

Figure 090

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Spandrel Glass Facade Study.” January 2021.

Figure 091

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Double Skin Facade Study,.” January 2021.

Figure 092

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Increased Wall Ratio and Photovoltaic Panel Systems Study.” January 2021.

Figure 093

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Facade Renovation with Installing Spandrel Glass, and Introducing Green Panels,” January 2021.

Figure 094

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Maximizing the Greenery Coverage Facade Study” January 2021.

Figure 095

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Introducing Balconies and Green Walls on the Curtain Wall by Stepping Back.” January 2021.

Figure 096

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Combining Spandrel Glass and Green Wall while Reducing the Floor Square Footage.” January 2021.

Figure 097

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Floor Plan and Building Structure with Highligted Fragment .” February 2021.

Figure 098

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Facade Activities Study with Greenery Integration.” February 2021.

Figure 099

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Stepping Back South to North OfficeSpace.” February 2021.

Figure 100

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Office with Vertical Farming and Farmers Market.” February 2021.

Figure 101

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Office Space with Publicly Accessible Space.” February 2021.

Figure 102

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Indoor and Outdoor Connected Space.” February 2021.

Figure 103

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Socially Distant Office Layout,.” February 2021.

Figure 104

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Maximizing Environmental Benefits,.” February 2021.

Figure 105

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Multi-Level Tree Approach.” February 2021.

Figure 106

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Mixed-Use Approach,.” February 2021.

Figure 107

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Photovoltaic Facade with Greenery Terraces.” February 2021.

Figure 108

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Photovoltaic Facade with Outdoor Spaces.” February 2021.

Figure 109

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Renewable Energy with Spiral Turbines.” February 2021.

Figure 110

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Multi-Layered Renewable Energy,.” February 2021.

Figure 111

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Replacing Column Structure with Tree.” February 2021.

Figure 112

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Residential Use with Elevated Trees.” February 2021.

Figure 113

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Common Strengths of Fragmental Facade Study, ” February 2021.

Figure 114

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Common Weaknesses of Fragmental Facade Study, .” February 2021.

Figure 115

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Discursive Image that Highlights Greenery Integration and Human Interactivity” February 2021.

Figure 116

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Facade Elevation and Section Sketches Split into Different Categories” February 2021.

Figure 117

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Facade Elevation and Section Sketches for Carving Strategy.” February 2021.

Figure 118

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Facade Elevation and Section Sketches for Terraces Strategy.” February 2021.

Figure 119

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Facade Elevation and Section Sketches for Split Strategy.” February 2021.

Figure 120

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Facade Elevation and Section Sketches for Step-Back Strategy.” February 2021.

Figure 121

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Carving Strategy on the Office Tower. ” February 2021.

Figure 122

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Floor Plan and 3D Analysis that Shows the Total Mass Removed and Placed Back as Additional Floors. ”February 2021.

Figure 123

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Terraces Strategy on the Residential Tower.” February 2021.

Figure 124

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Floor Plan and 3D Analysis that Shows the Total Mass Removed and Placed Back as Addi tional Floors. ” February 2021.

Figure 125

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Split Strategy on the Office and Hotel Tower.”February 2021.

Figure 126

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Floor Plan and 3D Analysis that Shows the Total Mass Removed and Placed Back as Addi tional Floors.” February 2021.

Figure 127

Gorenoglu, Nebile. "Step-Back Strategy on the Office, Residential and Hotel Tower." February 2021.

Figure 128

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Floor Plan and 3D Analysis that Shows the Total Mass Removed and Placed Back as Addi tional Floors.” February 2021.

Figure 129

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Axonometric Drawings that Shows Ground Level Existing Condition.” March 2021.

Figure 130

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “1211 Avenue of Americas Ground Level Existing Condition.” March 2021.

Figure 131

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “1221 Avenue of Americas Ground Level Existing Condition,” March 2021.

Figure 132

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “1251 Avenue of Americas Ground Level Existing Condition.” March 2021.

Figure 133

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “1301 Avenue of Americas Ground Level Existing Condition.” March 2021.

Figure 134

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Axonometric Drawings that Shows Ground Level Proposal.” March 2021.

Figure 135

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “1211 Avenue of Americas Plaza Proposal.” March 2021.

Figure 136

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “1221 Avenue of Americas Public Plaza Proposal.” March 2021.

Figure 137

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “1251 Avenue of Americas Public Plaza Proposal.” March 2021.

Figure 138

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “1301 Avenue of Americas Public Plaza Proposal,.” March 2021.

Figure 139

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Ground Level Comparison with Existing Condition and Proposal. ” March 2021.

Figure 140

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Ground Level Comparison with Existing Condition and Proposal View from 6th Avenue.” March 2021.

Figure 141

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Existing Roof Condition.” March 2021.

Figure 142

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “1211 Avenue of Americas Roof Existing Condition.” March 2021.

Figure 143

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “1221 Avenue of Americas Roof Existing Condition.” March 2021.

Figure 144

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “1251 Avenue of Americas Roof Existing Condition.” March 2021.

Figure 145

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “1301 Avenue of Americas Roof Existing Condition.” March 2021.

Figure 146

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Roof Proposal for Local Law 92 and 94 and Green Comes First Guideline.” March 2021.

Figure 147

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “1211 Avenue of Americas Roof Proposal. ” March 2021.

Figure 148

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “1221 Avenue of Americas Roof Proposal. ” March 2021.

Figure 149

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “1251Avenue of Americas Roof Proposal.” March 2021.

Figure 150

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Avenue of Americas Roof Proposal. ”March 2021.

Figure 151

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Existing Roof Condition and Greenery Roof Proposal Comparison. ” April 2021.

Figure 152

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “1221 Avenue of the Americas New Proposal.” April 2021.

Figure 153

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “View from the Green Public Plaza Up to the Top of the Building,. ” April 2021.

Figure 154

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “South to North Sectional Perspective that Highlights the Mixed Use Approach. ” April 2021.

Figure 155

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Perspective from 6th Avenue that Shows the Green Public Plaza. ” April 2021.

Figure 156

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Ground Level Plan. ” April 2021.

Figure 157

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “View from 6th Avenue Showcasing the Outdoor Eating Area. ” April 2021.

Figure 158

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “View Showing the Connection Between the Indoor Arboretum and Outdoor Green Public Plaza Space. ” April 2021.

Figure 159

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Publicly Accessible Arboretum and Performance Space. ” April 2021.

Figure 160

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Perspective that Shows Office Space and Accessible Green Terraces. ” April 2021.

Figure 161

Gorenoglu, Nebile. “Office Floor Plan. ” April 2021.