Home and garden goldendale sentinel

OFFICIAL PROGRAM for the

7th Annual Goldendale Home & Garden Show Friday, May 1 through Sunday, May 3 Klickitat County Fairgrounds

2015 Home & Garden

More than 70 vendors!

Home Improvement Fresh Flowers Live Plants Demonstrations Food Master Gardeners Clinics Free Admission & Parking

Special Publication of The Goldendale Sentinel

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The Sentinel - Home & Garden-April 2015

Goldendale Home and Garden Show

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elcome to the seventh annual Goldendale Home and Garden Show, May 1 - May 3 at the Klickitat County Fairgrounds. This year’s show is as strong as ever with 70 vendors, a food court, interesting educational opportunities and a special exhibit on

xeriscape.

The Washington State University Master Gardeners, Dandy Farms Nursery and Klickitat County Solid Waste have teamed up to bring in a display of plants you might want to consider if you are thinking of becoming more efficient with your landscape water consumption. The Master Gardeners will be on hand for demonstrations throughout the three-day show.

Vendors look forward to helping you meet your indoors and outdoors needs as well as personal items. Be sure to visit every booth, if not to buy, just to make a connection and perhaps pick up some ideas for the future. The booth layout and booth numbers on pages 10-11 will help you find the items on your “must see” list.

Take SR 142, also known as Broadway Ave. on the north side of downtown Goldendale, head west to Mill St., turn north to the fairgrounds.

The Goldendale Home and Garden Show is a program of the Greater Goldendale Area Chamber of Commerce. The show is also sponsored by Allyn’s Building Center, Haystack Broadcasting, Klickitat County Solid Waste, Puget Sound Energy, Republic Services and The Goldendale Sentinel. Also support given by Ponderosa Motel and Quality Inn.

Having fun at the 2014 Home and Garden Show

Show hours

Friday noon - 7 p.m.

Saturday 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

Sunday 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.

Food Court Vendors

Ask us about:

Riparian areas – why they’re important and how to protect and improve yours Making your property “firewise” - wildfire danger reduction Composting and lawn care tips

Local stream conditions and trends

Central & Easter n Klickitat Conser vation Districts 1107 S. Columbus Avenue, Goldendale, WA 98620 Central Klickitat Website: ckcd.org Phone: 509.773.5823 Ext. 5 Eastern Klickitat Website: ekcd.org

The Glass Onion Hickory Smoked BBQ-Pulled Pork Sandwiches, Lamb Gyros, German Sausages, and more

Tropical Shave Ice Shave Ice, Elephant Ears, Footlong cheese bacon hotdog, Bratwourst sausage, Philly cheese steaks.

Cover photo - An attractive and water efficient landscape at a Goldendale home.Good use of medium sized trees, flowering plants and bunch grasses with mulch and emiter irrigation.

Open 365 days per year with 24 hour cardlock system! aCardio & strength training equipment aClasses aPersonal training

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The Sentinel - Home & Garden-April 2015

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Dealing with drought through landscaping and water management

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eriscaping is an approach to landscaping that is designed to conserve water. It can include anything from a rock garden to water efficient lawn, but should always result in a reduction of water use over what was previously in place. You could just stop watering, but allowing the space to become a weed patch isn’t considered landscaping.

The lawn approach You can xeriscape with the inclusion of a well-manicured lawn that will have the appearance of a high maintenance yard, at least during part of the year.

You do that by allowing your lawn to grow as it will without forcing it to grow when it naturally wants to be dormant.

Cool season grass – Eastern Washington is a good place for a Kentucky bluegrass lawn. Fescue and ryegrass are commonly mixed with the bluegrass to give a beautiful green lawn. As a cool season grass, it wants to go dormant during the summer. As the days become hotter and longer, the plants reduce their roots and rest, if allowed. We generally don’t allow that. We provide fertilizer and most importantly water to keep the lawn green throughout summer. It takes about 1 ½ inches of water a week to keep up a green bluegrass lawn. People think it will die if they let it go brown, but that’s not the case. If the lawn is healthy with good growth in fall and spring and weeds have been kept under control, it can go through summer as a dormant plant with little damage. You can’t have a lot of traffic on it during dormancy and you have to take care of any weeds that appear.

When September rolls around, begin watering and treat it as you normally would during the fall.

Warm season grass – The warm season grass that most people have an interest in for Washington is buffalograss. It isn’t native to this area, which isn’t an issue since the varieties grown these days for lawns aren’t native to anywhere. Buffalograss is a deeply rooted plant, which is its secret to being drought tolerant. It actually uses quite a bit of water, but it can get to water where bluegrass doesn’t go. That could be a problem in Klickitat County where we have a lot of rock and a lot of heavy, clay, shallow soils. If it can’t root deeply, it won’t do well here. Buffalograss wants to grow during late spring until the first frost of early fall. It will be yellow-brown, almost golden, from September through May around here.

You might find that you never have to water it, but a couple deep water applications during the summer will reduce stress. You also need to control weeds, especially the perennials and winter annuals that germinate in the fall.

The shrub and flower approach Washington State University lays out a strategy for reducing water loss and conserving water in their Drought Advisory publication, “Water Conservation in Gardens and Landscapes.” They identify three areas for focus: 1) monitoring soil water and reduce surface evaporation, 2) know when and how to apply water at critical times, 3) plan future landscapes for more efficient water use.

Soil will dictate how well your plantings survive. Sand and clay are the extremes when it comes to water and neither one is plant friendly. Sand is well drained, but has low water holding capacity. Clay has great capacity, but is slowly drained and prone to runoff. If you have a nice silt-loam soil, lucky you.

If not, you will need to improve bedded areas with deep tilling and the addition of organic matter, such as compost, ground bark or well-rotted manure.

Local garden centers can suggest drought tolerant plants that will do well

See Xeriscape, Page 18

THE BEST FOOD in town!

Kitchen is OPEN Monday - Friday 11:30 a.m.

Full menu available

Daily specials Finger foods

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POOL TABLE - Winter League Beer on Ice - Coldest in town

Texas Hold ‘Em

Every Wednesday 6:30 pm 1st & 3rd Sundays 1 pm

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Photo by: Aquacraft.com

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The Sentinel - Home & Garden-April 2015

Buffalograss, a summer lawn option X

Fall frost and east winds turn trees red in the Gorge

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here are a lot of red trees out there. As you travel through Eastern Clark County all the way to Central Klickitat County, you will see many trees with red leaves. Reddening Douglas fir trees are obvious throughout Skamania County. Cedars have also turned red along much of the river drainages along the Wind and White Salmon Rivers. Landscape evergreens such as arborvitae hedges also look red and crispy.

After a warm, dry summer many trees in the Gorge were thirsty and unprepared for winter. Temperatures fell from warm fall days to brutal winter digits going below 20 degrees in some locations with blustery east winds.

Trees did not have time to acclimate to winter temperatures.

“If you look closely, you’ll see most of the damage on the east side of the trees.

This is from those strong, cold, desic-

cating east winds last November,” says Todd Murray, WSU Extension Educator in Skamania and Klickitat Counties.

Much of the damage is limited to last year’s new growth of foliage. Douglas fir spring buds have already began to open and push out green growth. In cedar trees, orange foliage is reverting back to green foliage and buds are starting to wake up. Some saplings may die, but very few trees will be lost.

“You won’t be able to see much of the damage once the spring buds grow new stems and needles. A good wind will blow out all the red and brown needles,” assures Dr. Jim Freed, WSU Regional Forest Specialist.

Want to learn more about your tree’s health? Visit WSU publications to download FS055E Assessing Tree Healthhttp://pubs.wsu.edu.

Evergreen trees got caught unprepared for the November cold snap which damaged 2014 growth.

Welcome to the Goldendale Home & Garden Show BICKLETON’S

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eriscape doesn’t have to be a total conversion of yard into mulched shrubbery, it can include a lawn and there might be a low water use option for you. Buffalograss has gained wide acceptance in parts of the country because it requires less watering and mowing than a traditional bluegrass or fescue lawn. But it isn’t for everyone or every location.

There have been great improvements made in buffalograss over the past couple of decades. Some of the varieties have a darker appearance, looking more like a bluegrass lawn.

As to it’s use in Klickitat County, there may be some issues. Buffalograss is drought tolerant because it roots deeply, about three-feet deep, if it can.

That can be an issue in much of the county where there isn’t more than a few inches of soil and that might have been hauled in.

If you determine you have the soil to

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support buffalograss, you have two choices, seed or plugs. Plugs are more expensive, but can result in a full sod quicker than seeded lawns. Buffalograss spreads by stolons, or runners. It isn’t overly aggressive and won’t push out other plants, but will run onto bare ground and pavement.

One advantage of plugs, is aesthetics.

Buffalograss has male and female plants. The males have their anthers on stalks that give the lawn a rough appearance. Plugs can be purchased that are almost exclusively female plants and the appearance is more like a bluegrass.

In its Great Plains native habitat, buffalograss received thunderstorm showers during the summer months.

Summer in much of Klickitat County is much drier, so a good soaking once a month will keep buffalograss happy.

Mowing is an option since buffalograss only grows 4 to 5 inches tall. If you seeded buffalograss, you might want to mow off the anthers, and likely won’t fill a bag.

Buffalograss goes dormant with the first frost. Recommended herbicides should be used in early fall to prevent degradation by winter annuals and perennials. Once it is totally dormant, you can even use glyphosate (Roundup) without damaging the lawn.

There is a mental adjustment to a golden-brown in spring and fall, but if you are looking for a way to eliminate most of your summer watering and a want to rest your lawn mower, buffalograss is a great alternative.

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The Sentinel - Home & Garden-April 2015

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What to know about buying a mower

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ow is a great time to take stock of your lawn equipment, and assess whether your gear can withstand another season of wear and tear. If you’ve determined it’s time to replace your toolshed’s most valuable player — your lawn mower — get informed so you can make a savvy decision, as mower technology has changed a lot in the last several years.

Whether this is your first mower, your old mower is on the fritz or you’re simply looking to upgrade, these tips and considerations can help you make a decision that’s wise for you and your lawn.

Budget The first thing to take into account is your budget. You need the most dependable and durable mower that you can afford. However, keep in mind, you may not have to pay the entire cost of the mower up front.

Some brands offer various financing options that allow you to make payments over time. Whether you’re seeking low minimum payments or you want to minimize interest payments, ask your dealer about your options.

Mowing Properties Take into account the size of your property. A smaller lawn requires a smaller machine.

“For properties under a half acre, a 21- to 36-inch walk-behind mower should be ideal,” says Daryn Walters at Exmark, a leading manufacturer of residential and commercial mowers.

For smaller lawns, consider Exmark’s Commercial 30 or a small zero-turn mower such as the Exmark Quest SSeries machine with a 34-inch cutting deck. Their mowers require little maintenance and offer fuel economy and durability.

If you live on a larger plot of land, don’t rule out a commercial zero-turn mower, which is more durable, tends to be more comfortable to operate, and offers increased productivity with more

professional-looking results. Keep in mind, properties of more than an acre may warrant a mower with a 60- to 72inch cutting deck. You’ll be using your mower a lot, so look for an advanced ergonomic design, such as with the Exmark Lazer Z, which takes a scientif-

ic approach to ensuring that less vibration is transferred from the seat to the driver.

Mower Engine and Features After you’ve considered your budget, lawn size and terrain, you’ll want to look at the engine and features offered.

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Many models come with a variety of engine types and configurations, including eco-friendly models that can save you money on fuel. Mower accessories can include mulching, bagging and striping kits. Decide what your priorities are and get a model that’s right for you.

For an online guide to finding a mower, visit www.exmark.com/products/filter/.

No bag option Unless you need the clippings for some other purpose, such as mulching garden walkways, there is no reason to collect grass clippings.

Clippings do not cause problems with thatch buildup and mulching mowers or even just using a mulching blade gives a clean look if you keep up your mowing. Clippings left on the lawn will eventually contribute to your organic matter, which is a good thing.

By tackling your lawn with a lowmaintenance, durable, easy-to-operate mower, you can save time, money and energy. So do your research before making a purchase. (StatePoint)

Sharpen blades for a healthy lawn Take the time to remove your lawn mower blade and sharpen it with a file. It will make your lawn look sharper and it will reduce the chance of fungal infection.

At one time it was thought that having a sharp blade led to a cleaner cut and less water use, too.

The reasoning was less surface area of a straight cut versus jagged from dull blades. It turned out to be wrong. Why? The sharply cut grass was healthier and grew more vigorously, according to a University of Nebraska study.

So, even though it may use a bit more water, sharp blades are the way to go. It improves the looks of the lawn and it helps natural defenses to fend of disease.

Holcomb’s Market

Full Service Supermarket and Deli Locally owned and operated since 1977

Enjoy the

2015 Home & Garden Show VISIT US FOR ALL YOUR GROCERY NEEDS Open Daily 7 a.m. to 10 p.m.

320 S Columbus, Goldendale 773-4958

912 E Simcoe Drive Goldendale, WA 98620 (509) 773-5631

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The Sentinel - Home & Garden-April 2015

Some like it hot...ranking peppers and making salsa Y

Colorful bunch of orange habanero peppers. Photo courtesy USDAARS

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Dusty Read Jeremy Quantrell

ou can’t beat salsa for a gardening project that is fairly fail-safe, fun and productive. Tomatoes and peppers, the main ingredients of salsa, are pretty easy crops to grow. They can be fun to watch grow, particularly if you plant a variety of colorful hot peppers, and salsa recipes bring out your own creativity.

Tomatoes and peppers love hot, dry, sunny locations. Select sites that allow at least six hours of direct sunlight.

Plant in well-drained soils with plenty of organic matter. A 4x4 or 5x5 container or raised bed garden can work well. Depending on the recipe, about 10 cups of chopped tomatoes, peppers and onions will yield five pints of salsa.

It can be fun planting a variety of peppers. You will likely want jalapenos, Anaheim, red chili peppers, cayenne peppers and orange and red habaneros to heat things up. You might also want to grow some black Hungarians and yellow wax peppers for color variety.

Scoville units are a way to rank peppers by the amount of capsaicin they contain. Capsaicin is the chemical that

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stimulates nerves in the skin, tongue and mucous membranes. The higher the number, the “hotter” the sensation.

It should be noted that hotter doesn’t make the salsa taste better. One reason jalapenos, a lower medium heat pepper, are so common in salsas is due to their flavor. Many of the milder peppers are more flavorful than something like an habanero pepper, which is among the hottest. However, if you can get past the heat, many people find habaneros and other super hot peppers to be sweet and flavorful. Another twist on the flavor is chipotle, which is a smoked jalapeno that gives its own unique flavor to salsa.

For a long time, the red habanero was considered the hottest pepper out there. But over the past five years or so, much hotter peppers have been discovered or bred. Perhaps the hottest pepper is one originating in India, called the Naga-Bih Jalokia. It tests at more than 1 million Scoville units, whereas red habaneros come in around 350,000 to 577,000. There are wide variations

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within a single variety because the amount of capsaicin is dependent upon soils, sunlight, weather and harvesting.

Generally speaking, the hotter and sunnier the climate, the hotter the pepper.

Letting them fully mature helps to make them hotter.

Here are the Scoville units for several peppers: • Banana pepper 0-500 • Anaheim 500–2,500 • Jalapeno 2,500-3,000 • Cayenne pepper 30,000-50,000 • Tabasco pepper 30,000-50,000 • Thai chili 50,000-100,000 • Scotch bonnet 100,000-350,000 • Orange habanero 100,000-300,000 • Rocoto 325,000-350,000 • Chocolate habanero325,000-425,000 • Red Savina habanero 350,00-577,000 • Trinidad scorpion red 900,000+ • Naga-Bih Jolokia 1,000,000+ • Pepper spray 2,000,000 - 5,000,000 • Pure capsaicin 16,000,000 When handling hot peppers, be sure to wear gloves and avoid wiping around your eyes. Even during the cooking of the super hot peppers, steam can carry capsaicin and burn your eyes while standing over a boiling pot of salsa.

Tomato and Green Chile Salsa 3 cups, peeled, cored and chopped tomatoes 3 cups seeded, chopped long green chiles ¾ cup chopped onions 1 jalapeno pepper, seeded and finely chopped 6 cloves of garlic, finely chopped 1 ½ cup of vinegar (5 percent) ½ teaspoon ground cumin 2 teaspoons of oregano leaves 1 ½ teaspoons of salt Skins of long green chiles are tough and should be removed by blistering over flame or broiling.

Bring the ingredients to a boil in a non-aluminum sauce pan, allow to simmer for 20 minutes and it is ready to be canned, if that is your option. No need to cook and you can cut back on the vinegar (and lemon, below) if you are going to eat it directly. Substitute jalapenos and hot peppers for chiles.

Tomatillo Green Salsa 5 cups of chopped tomatillos 1 ½ cups of seeded, chopped long green chiles ½ cup of seeded, finely chopped jalapeno peppers 4 cups chopped onions 1 cup bottled lemon or lime juice 6 cloves of garlic, finely chopped 1 tablespoon of ground cumin 3 tablespoons of dried oregano leaves 1 tablespoon of salt 1 teaspoon black pepper

The Sentinel - Home & Garden-April 2015

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Turn your bathroom into a relaxing oasis

ime spent in the bathroom can be precious, as it may be your only solo time. When prioritizing home upgrades, consider first transforming a ho-hum, conventional bathroom into an oasis of comfort, style and ultimate relaxation.

Relax Replace outdated fixtures with new top-quality options that offer greater functionality. Manufacturers such as Mansfield Plumbing, produce fixtures and fittings designed to work in tandem. Such “suites” of a toilet, sink and bathtub can improve the look of a bathroom setting.

In a toilet, there are certain features to seek. A SmartHeight toilet allows for easier access. For those who are environmentally conscious or looking for a pocketbook-friendly option, seek out a WaterSense rated toilet, signifying greater water conservation.

When it comes to relaxation, the bathtub is king. Luckily, manufacturers are innovating features to go beyond whirlpools. New bathtub offerings include chromatherapy mood light systems, thermotherapy heated backrests and in-line heaters that keep water heated perfectly. Explore your options at www.Mansfieldplumbing.com.

Retreat Make your bathroom the perfect retreat from the rest of the house and the outside world with a few stylish accents that provide greater solitude.

For example, privacy decorative glass windows and privacy acrylic block windows offered from Hy-Lite are design elements that don’t compromise natural

To get the look of a luxury hotel, the experts at Fypon, which produce thousands of pieces of polyurethane millwork, moulding and trim in a variety of architectural styles, recommend a few project ideas: • Install a set of pilasters on both sides of your shower stall and a door crosshead overhead to upgrade your bathroom’s look.

• Surround mirrors and decorative accent windows with painted or stained polyurethane mouldings that complement the room.

• Install chair rail moulding around the bathroom to add dimension. Paint above or below the moulding and use wallpaper, paneling or a different color paint in the other section.

Find more project ideas at www.Fypon.com.

While many think of the bathroom as a place to take care of necessary business, you can easily give yours an upgrade that will transform it into a whole lot more. (StatePoint)

light. Available in four designer frame colors, you can go beyond plain frosted glass with stylish windows that come either operable or fixed in place.

Offered in varying shapes and sizes, it’s easy to match windows to other bathroom elements, such as tiles and countertops. Full details are available at www.Hy-Lite.com.

Take your spa retreat a step further by piping music into your bathroom with humidity-resistant speakers unsusceptible to steamy showers and hot baths.

Beauty On a limited budget you can give the bathroom an elegant long-term facelift by investing in millwork products that resist humidity so you don’t experience warping. From crown moulding to trim around showers and bathtubs to ceiling medallions, polyurethane is a more practical material than traditional wood for these design elements. It’s lightweight, easy to install, and most importantly, designed to resist the humidity of bathing.

Bundle your Auto, Home and Life with State Farm and you can save.

Mike Cole, Agent 152 West Main Goldendale, WA 98620 Goldendale: 509.773.5529 Bingen: 509.493.4400

Welcome to Klickitat County LINDHE I N S U R A N C E

Health • Dental • Vision • Disability • Life 106 E. Main, Goldendale • 773-3339

Goldendale Garden Supply for ALL your gardening needs!

Organic Gardening Supplies Greenhouse Design and Construction Organic Compost Tea Every Friday Non-GMO Seeds Consulting Heirloom Vegetable Starts Expanding Classes

OPEN: Tuesday thru Saturday 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

Your LOCAL full-service garden supply center offering equipment, fer#lizer, seeds and so much more!

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Phone: 509.773.0650

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509-369-3426 For all your drinking water needs!

Home & Business Delivery!

Welcome to the Home & Garden Show!

Page 8

The Sentinel - Home & Garden-April 2015

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Tim Evans’ solar powered home in Goldendale.

Uncle Tony’s Pizza

“Pizza made the way it should be!”

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Ask about our daily specials!

Hand-tossed U-Bake / We Bake Salads & Sandwiches too!

Solar energy’s time has come

olar energy’s time has come…sort of. It is true that solar energy is rapidly increasing as a form of generating electricity for home owners and communities in the United States and around the world. But, the obstacle that has generally stymied adoption is cost, and it hasn’t gone away.

Washington has been one of the leading states in providing incentives for adoption of solar energy. Gov. Jay Inslee issued Executive Order 14-04 to address carbon pollution and foster a shift to cleaner forms of energy. He directed Washington State University to develop recommendations that would significantly expand solar energy use in Washington. A set of recommendations were made to the governor in December of 2014, including expanding the solar marketplace, increase costeffectiveness of incentives and promote fairness and transparency for customers and administrators. They called for state financial support for manufacturing and for residential-scale solar systems. They also called for support

for larger solar systems and integration of solar into low-income housing.

Much has been accomplished and Gov. Inslee proclaimed a number of Seattle area communities as Northwest Solar Communities. Financial assistance of many forms has definitely fostered more installation of solar.

Current incentives Federal tax credit – Homeowners may claim a credit of 30 percent of the cost of solar systems (solar electric photovoltaic (PV) and Solar Hot Water (SHW)) installed on a residence owned and used by the tax payer. It includes labor assembly, installation and wiring to connect the system to the home.

Systems must be in place before Dec. 31, 2016.

Sales tax exemption – Solar PV systems of 10 kW or less are exempt from sales tax in Washington. The exemption is due to expire June 30, 2018.

State production incentive – This incentive provides owners with an annual payment of $0.15 to $0.54 per kilowatthour of solar energy produced. The

amount paid depends upon the system with incentives built in for using Washington-made modules and inverters. The incentive is capped at $5,000 per household per year and is set to continue through June 30, 2020. This is an important incentive and it turns out to be a deal breaker for many people because the state set a limit on the amount it would reimburse, related to a percentage of the sales of the local power district. In Klickitat County, that limit has been reached. The 100 customers who are in the system continue to benefit, but the PUD board voted to not exceed that number, since they would not be reimbursed by the state beyond that limit.

Net metering – The local PUD does credit solar users for their production.

It is done through net metering. A special meter records energy flow into and out of the residence. The monthly reading is a net balance. Systems that produce more than they use get a credit on their monthly statement. Credits

See Solar, Page 9

THE PRESBY HOUSE MUSEUM Klickitat County Historical Society

Veggie and Gluten-free Visa, MC, AmEx, Dscv & EBT

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The Presby House Museum is the headquarters for the Klickitat County Historical Society

509.773.4303

May 1 thru October 15

127 West Broadway, Goldendale, WA 98620 presbymuseum@gorge.net

presbymuseum.com

The Sentinel - Home & Garden-April 2015

SOLAR

from Page 8

carry forward from month to month through April 30 when they are zeroed out. Klickitat PUD also reached the limit that was required by the state for reimbursing based on net metering, but has chosen to continue payments to generators, which includes solar and wind systems.

USDA REAP – Loan support and grants are available to farms through the Rural Energy Assistance Program of USDA. It can help with a variety of projects, including solar.

Solar is still being adopted and more incentives may be on the way. It is true that the cost of systems has come down, but the main cost remains installation, and there is no reason to think labor is going to go down.

The cheapest modules have about a 25 year payback without the subsidy, according to Jonathan Lewis, manager of the solar division at Hire Electric in The Dalles. “The panels used to be the biggest cost, now it is installation,” says Lewis. In 2003 it was about a 50 year payback, costing $8-$10 per watt. It now costs about $3/watt to install and the payback is about 25 years.

Last December, Dave and Elaine Enwards installed an 11.8 kW system for their home. It was the product of a lot of research into the size of system, incentives and source of materials. The five-year history helped define the size.

“A lot goes into design,” says Enwards. He is a master electrician and decided to do his own installation, but he contracted with Hire Electric and Lewis to do the design. There is a fire hazard with the systems and there is always that DC voltage being generated, so this isn’t anything for amatuers.

The size of their system is closely matched to their consumption.

Enwards was able to save cash outlay on installation, as he was able to do it himself with help from family. Still, he says the incentives, including the annual payment was important.

Enwards, who works for Washington L and I, says there has been a lot of interest in solar. “I inspected six systems in Skamania and Klickitat counties in one week.”

Lewis agrees and points out the

See Enwards, Page 19

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The solar array for Dave Enwards (above, left with Hire Electric’s Jonathan Lewis) is located in a pasture to minimize late day shading from trees and hillside west of the house.

403 Big River Art & Crafts 1040 E. Broadway Goldendale, WA 98620 509-773-5100 Gallery art, gourds, birdhouses

317 & 318 Bishop Sanitation Daniel LeFever 221 W Main St Goldendale, WA 98620 509-261-0744 Information about our services

107 Broken Boulder Farm Rody & Mark Schilling 290 Pipeline Road Goldendale, WA 98620 509-773-3638 Lavender Plants & Products; Nursery Plants; Nuts

309 Celias Gourmet Foods Tom Stuntz Tom@CGFoods.com 21277 Bear Creek Road Bend, OR 97701 541-647-0414 Balsamic Vinegars Products

320 Central Klickitat Conservation District 1107 So Columbus Goldendale, WA 98620 509-773-5823x5 Assisting Landowners & Community On preserving land, water, wildlife for Benefit of current and future generations

401 Char Creations Charlene Morrison 295 Old Stage Rd Goldendale, WA 98620 509-773-6994 Water color painting, prints, cards

402 Creative Aarts Sam Karanjah 81 Village Green Lane #9 Steilacoom, WA 98388 508-579-6498 Handmade bowls, salad spoons, fruit baskets, letter openers 512 Cutco Cutlery Aaron Nichols 322 Houghton Ave. Olean, NY 14760 716-790-7181 Finest in Cutlery , culinary tools, etc.

109 Cycle Co-op/Dotties Duds Don or Dot Kastl DK Enterprises 303 So Chatfield Ave Goldendale, WA 98620 509-773-4232 Bicycles & Accessories, jewelry, Scroll Art and more

415-420 Dandy Valley Farm & Nursery Ron & Poo Falter 174 Rimrock Road 509-773-3373 Full Service Retail Nursery-All varieties Trees-bushes-perennials-annuals-vegetable plants-produce in season

114 Four Mt. Milling Mary Anne Enyeart 780 Hwy 97 Goldendale, WA 98620 Locally grown wheat products

208 Flagpole Farm, Inc. Victor Kranz 2006 E. Franklin Road Meridian, ID 83642 208-895-0463 Flagpole, Flags, Solar Flag Lights

209 Goldendale 7th Day Adventist Church Rae Ann Harris P.O. Box 241 Goldendale, WA 98620 509-773-3210 Provide Christian Educational Information

218-220 Goldendale Farmers Market Community Enrichment for Klickitat Co Loren Johnson 375 Wilde Apple Goldendale, WA 98620 509-439-0840 Information and products

215-216 Grannys Bloomers Janiece Lancaster PO Box 1135 Goldendale, WA 98620 Strawberry plants, raspberry plants, Grapes (seedless); gooseberry plants & more

117 Goldendale Garden Supply Heather Lipko 614 S Columbus Ave. Ste. E Goldendale, WA 98620 509-439-7338 Non-GMO heritage vegetable seeds, soil, compost, nutrients, fertilizers, our special compost tea and educational classes

310 Grandpa Toys & More Tim Coe 128 11th St. P.O. Box 913 Prairie City, OR 97869 541-792-0125 Children’s Toys & Farm Equipment All wooden juniper cutting boards Juniper Rustic Lamps

302 Haystack Broadcasting—SPONSOR Kevin Malcom/Shannon Milburn/Roger Nichols P.O. Box 1023,The Dalles, OR 97058 1-877-773-5525-1 KLCK

214 High Prairie Community Council Sharon Aleckson, 783 Centerville Hwy. Lyle, WA 98635 509-365-5099 Information

301 Kaban Homes Dan Rhoades 680 Niva Road-Centerville, WA 98613 360-921-1232 cell Home Construction, Design, Remodeling

313 Klickitat Valley Quilters Linda Clemens 716 Bratton Road Goldendale, WA 98620 509-773-6401 Raffle Quilt

307-308 L’abri Architectural Products Darrell Smith P.O.Box 1194 Goldendale, WA 98620 509-773-7689 Architectural Products

511 Labor and Industries, Dept of Julie Perales P.O. Box 44400 Olympia, WA 98504 360-902-6366 Consumer & Contractor Info

205-207 Massaging Insole/New You Products Dan or Eileen Ronning 209016 E Schuster Rd Kennewick WA 99337 509- 948-0651 Massaging Insoles; 1500 ct Egyptian Cotton sheets; Socks; Stretch lids; Plate toppers; BBQ mat; Portable Green house.

303 Mountain View Excavation, Inc. Eric Rhoades 16 Princehouse Road Goldendale, WA 98620 509-250-2994 Road Site Preparation, Excavating; sale of rock products; landscaping materials, septic systems, ditching & more.

Southwest Corner Area Master Gardeners and John Longfellow Linda Williams 2202 Glenwood Hwy Goldendale, WA 98620 509-773-6067 Gardening plots, Xeriscape area

211 Programs For Peaceful Living Teresa Clyne Goldendale, WA 98620Goldendale, WA 98620 509-773-6100 Educating the public about all forms of abuse and how to alleviate it. Empowering victims- Promoting peace in the home.

505 Quick’n Brite, Inc. Allan Gourlie 22313 70th Ave. W Mtlk.Terr., WA 98043 425-778-8285 ScumOff- Shower cleaner Quick’n Brite-All purpose cleaner

513 ReBath of Tri Cities Loretta Metal 2839 W. Kennewick Ave. #517 Kennewick, WA 99336 509-591-0900 Walk in Tubs; Walk in Showers; New Bath Tubs; Full bathroom remodeling; Remodel kitchens too.

206 Reliv of the Gorge Renea Campbell 1925 E. Collins Goldendale, WA 98620 509-773-3893 Reliv is leading the way in Nutritional Epigenetics. Stop by our booth to see what that can mean for you and future generations.

111 Joanne Davenport Fundraiser Janice Coder 207 So. Klickitat Goldendale, WA 98620 360-991-4318 Joanne needs a kidney transplant. Will have gift certificates, baskets and other donated items 314 Pampered Chef Rebecca Golladay White Salmon, WA 509-281-0196 Pampered Chef products

509 PUD #1 Klickitat Co. Sharon Ohnstad 1313 So. Columbus Ave Goldendale, WA 98620 509-773-7622 Information-Conservation measures

508 Pro Aqua/Vivense Rod Vancil 8220 Gage Blvd.

Kennewick, WA 99336 Air Revitalizer & Home Cleaning System 117 Rural 7 Fire Dept.

Leo Spencer 327 W. Brook Goldendale, WA 98620 773-4246

604 (outside) Solar Gem Greenhouses John Hamil 1904 Stewart St. Tacoma, WA 98421 253-383-3055 510 Total Home Solutions Dick Kuiper 2685 151 St. Street Redmond, WA 98052 360-953-8296 Dish Newwork

304 The Dalles Chiropractic Dr. Gregory Keilman 113 East 2nd St. , S. A The Dalles, OR 97058 541-296-8991

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FOOD COURT – OUTSIDE SAND SHED The Glass Onion Maren McGowan 604 So. Columbus Goldendale, WA 98620 509-773-4928 Hickory smoked BBQ-pulled pork sandwiches, Lamb gyros, German sausages & more

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404 Advanced Pain Solutions Terra Pavon 360-224-2822 Hand held tense units by Hidow Products

306 Creative Concepts, Inc. Tammy Johnson 7511 Greenwood Ave N #2000 Seattle, WA 98103 206-612-9716 Corium 22

203 Friends of the Observatory E. Sullivan/Bob Yoesle P. O. Box 1600 Goldendale, WA 98620 509-261-1956 Dark Skies Demo and Scope (outside) For viewing

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The Sentinel - Home & Garden-April 2015

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Page 13

Beware the beauty of noxious weeds owners to develop strategies to address B weed.

Other than crop injury, weeds can also noxious weeds. State law authorizes cause great damage to natural resources weed districts to take enforcement and degrade property value and recre- action where landowners refuse to take ational use of property. Many noxious responsibility.

Weeds that are on top of Hudson’s weeds were deliberately introduced, sometimes by early settlers who were hunt list are two that have not shown aware of forage properties of plants up in Klickitat County yet, gorse, a back in the old country, and some are perennial evergreen with yellow flowescaped ornamentals. In fact many can ers, and purple starthistle, a relative of yellow starthistle. Also on still be found in certain the list are four that are presnurseries. When these ent, but not yet abundant: plants are turned loose in a purple loosestrife, leafy foreign environment, they spurge, Scotch thistle, and often flourish without their Japanese knotweed, a white old country insects and disflowering perennial shrub eases that normally keep found in wet areas and roadthem in balance.

Some weeds have allelo- Purple starthistle sides. Also on the list are garlic mustard, plumeless pathic effects where chemthistle and flowering rush, ical deposits are toxic to other plants. Others are more direct in which has shown up in Benton County, their competition, such as saltcedar associated with the Yakima River. which has become the scourge of the Garlic mustard is a class A weed.

Anyone can assist in the fight against southwest. The weed has been found in Klickitat County. A saltcedar plant is invasive weeds. Preventing weeds from capable of pumping 200 gallons of getting started begins with knowing the water from the soil per day, drying up plants one grows and being alert to waterways and depositing salt in the plants that look like they could be soil, making it uninhabitable by most aggressive in taking over landscapes.

Check the state noxious weed control other plants.

Klickitat County weed superintendent board web site at www.nwcb.wa.gov, or Marty Hudson works with property contact Hudson at (509) 773-5810.

ne weed, jointed goatgrass, costs wheat farmers $45 million per year in lost production and control costs. The impact of weeds is mindboggling and gardeners and farmers need to use diligence to ensure new invaders don’t take root.

Weeds are classified as A, B or C. Class A weeds are those that are nonnative species with limited distribution.

Eradication is required by law. A new addition to the list is Ravenna grass.

Class B includes 70 weeds that are required to be controlled where they are not already wide-spread. Some class B weeds are already abundant in areas and each county decides whether to control or just try to contain those weeds.

Class C refers to weeds that are widespread or of special interest to the state’s agricultural industry. Counties decide how to deal with those weeds.

Jointed goatgrass is a class C weed. It is so prevalent that education is the approach used to help farmers exclude the weed from the field.

Three weeds have been added to the class C list in Klickitat County: jubata grass, pampas grass and Italian arum.

Yes, pampas grass, that beautiful, tall ornamental found in many home landscapes. It is currently on the watch list and could eventually move up to a class

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The Sentinel - Home & Garden-April 2015

Five foods that should be on everyone’s bucket list

hether you live for culinary adventure or unfamiliar items on your plate make you nervous, trying new foods is a worthwhile endeavor.

But even avid foodies don’t have the time to try everything.

So how can you prioritize your food bucket list?

Enter, “1,000 Foods to Eat Before You Die,” a new book that presents the globe’s must-have foods into one master list of the best dishes, ingredients, restaurants, markets, books and movies, that everyone should experience.

To whet your appetite, author Mimi Sheraton, former New York Times restaurant critic and award-winning cookbook author, shares five food must-haves originating from five regions of the world:

• White Asparagus — Europe Milder in flavor than the green variety, white asparagus is highly prized in Europe, while in the U.S. it has only recently come into favor. A harbinger of spring, asparagus is celebrated in Belgium, Holland, Germany, Austria and Switzerland, where special asparagus menus are featured in restaurants.

For an Italian approach, serve cold with lemon juice and olive oil. If you prefer elaborate flavors, serve with a Hollandaise sauce of egg yolks, lemon juice, butter and nutmeg.

• Egg Cream — United States A New York original, egg creams contain neither eggs nor cream. A once ubiquitous street treat, this beverage is a lot harder to come by now.

Make your own at home with a squirt

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• Tagine — North African Like the pans Americans call “casseroles,” a tagine is both a cooking vessel and the stew cooked within. A tagine is a deep, wide terra-cotta bowl, with a high-peaked conical cover that

of chocolate syrup, followed by a shot of seltzer and a quick stir, then add a trickle of whole milk and stir vigorously while blasting in vibrant shots of soda to create a frothy, creamy concoction.

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directs and concentrates heat. Meats, poultry or fish are slow cooked with various vegetables over direct fire or charcoal, absorbing aromatic spices such as saffron, cinnamon and ginger.

To serve, tangines are fitted into colorfully woven baskets and passed around to guests, along with rice, couscous or fresh, hot bread.

• Congee — Asia Like Westerners, the Chinese believe in starting the day with a hearty meal.

Congee, a creamy rice porridge, is a favorite. Variations found throughout Asia are sold everywhere, from street stands to dim sum palaces. To prepare, cook short grain white rice until it approaches mush, then serve with a variety of toppings, such as spicy, pickled vegetables, dried fish, preserved eggs and tofu.

• Vegemite — Australia Australian children cry for this caramelized spread made of brewer’s yeast and vegetables, as American tots do for peanut butter and jelly. Spread on buttered toast or bread as a snack or a sandwich, or on biscuits as a special treat at teatime, Vegemite may not be pretty, but it is one of the world’s most iconic foods and definitely worth a try.

More information about the book can be found at www.1000Foods.com.

By being a little more adventurous with what goes on your dinner plate, you can expand your horizons and explore the whole world. (StatePoint)

The Sentinel - Home & Garden-April 2015

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Food and wine pairing tips for dinner parties

One commonly mismatched wine is Cabernet Sauvignon.

“I have a simple goal with food and wine pairings: don’t mess with the taste of the wine,” says Dean Busquaert, a wine educator at Sequoia Grove Winery, a pioneering Cabernet Sauvignon producer in the heart of Rutherford in Napa Valley.

Bold, full-flavored reds like Cabernet Sauvignon will overpower light dishes, but are excellent when served with rich meats like a roast, making them perfect for big, hearty meals.

Busquaert, who often shares his pairing wisdom at the Sequoia Grove tasting room, offers some invaluable pairing tips for home cooks planning to serve a Cabernet Sauvignon at their festivities.

• The number one thing to avoid pairing with Cabernet Sauvignon is sugar, which will throw off the tannin balance of the wine and make it seem astringent and bitter. For example, many people think chocolates pair well with red wine, however, they don`t — unless it is a port which has residual sugar.

Sugar content, whether it comes from fruits like grapes or apples, or honey and chocolate, is simply not a good choice for Cabernet Sauvignon.

• To make a Cabernet Sauvignon taste more velvety, pair it to dishes high in (c) Megan Steffen acidity. For example, adding Grilled filet mignon with braised garden a splash of lemon to a dish greens and Sequoia Grove Cabernet can smooth out a big and ne aspect of entertaining is sometimes overlooked — proper pairing of the food and wine. Even if you have a bottle of top quality wine and an amazing chef-inspired dish, without considering how the food and drink combine, you can ruin the taste of both, say experts.

Sauvignon.

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structured Cabernet Sauvignon.

• Don’t be fooled by conventional wisdom. Some rules do not apply across the board.

“Most people think red wine always goes with red meat, only to discover a dish like beef teriyaki, which contains sugar, can make a beautiful Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon seem undrinkable,” says Busquaert.

• Use salt liberally to bring out the full

flavor in foods, without throwing off the flavors of your wine.

• A great meal deserves a great wine, and the Napa Valley has come to define great Cabernet Sauvignon in America.

Look for established and trusted producers, such as Sequoia Grove Winery, with a history of making quality balanced and food-friendly wines.

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Busquaert for his “A Taste for Cabernet” seminar at the winery and learn for yourself how to best match food with Cabernet Sauvignon. Visit www.sequoiagrove.com/visitus for more information.

Food pairings are an essential ingredient to a successful dinner party. Don’t overlook this important element when planning your menu. (StatePoint)

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STRAWBERRY - Everbearing Albion: Large uniform fruit with robust flavor.

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GOOSEBERRY - 2 Year - Zone 3-8 Pixwell: Pale pink fruit becomes dark when fully ripe.

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RHUBARB: Crimson Cherry

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Page 16

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The Sentinel - Home & Garden-April 2015

Take small steps to better health

taying healthy doesn’t have to mean overhauling your lifestyle.

Sometimes small changes can have big impacts. Take it from celebrity fitness trainer, Latreal “La” Mitchell, “Everyone can reach their health and fitness goals. It’s all about setting attainable goals and staying motivated to see results.”

To look, feel and live better, Mitchell is offering tips for small lifestyle changes you can make that can inspire you to make more in the future: Get Moving If exercise is not a part of your life now, don’t worry. “In a short time, you can be doing quality exercises,” says Mitchell. “The key is to start small.”

Your

Try short sets of push-ups, planks, squats, and lunges and work your way up. Ten minutes can make a real difference. Remember, little things like taking the stairs instead of the elevator will keep you feeling great all day.

Just be sure to make exercise nonnegotiable. Life is busy and it’s easy to find any number of reasons to skip a workout. Make yourself a fitness schedule and stick to it — and then don’t let anyone or anything stop you from staying on track.

Eat Right The small goal of adding more fiber to your diet can lead you to better nutrition choices. Aim to get 25 to 38 grams of fiber every day. In addition to

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upping your fruit and vegetable intake and swapping out processed white bread and pasta for the whole wheat variety, fiber supplements can help you meet your fiber goals. But choose wisely, as some options have additional benefits beyond supporting digestive health.

For example, Meta offers products made with psyllium fiber which has multihealth benefits. Try adding Metamucil powder to a morning smoothie. Also try new MetaBiotic probiotic supplement.For many people, snacking can be a downfall, especially during a busy workday. Try substituting your usual temptations with healthier options. For example, almonds and light popcorn are a good substitute for chips, and are more satisfying. If you have a sweet tooth, ditch the afternoon pastry that’s high in calories but won’t actually help you feel full. Instead, look for a delicious, easy-to-pack snack like a Meta Health Bar that helps satisfy hunger as a healthful snack.

Lastly, stay hydrated. Skip sugary sodas and sports drinks and opt for

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Water helps you feel full and process fiber, while helping to keep you hydrated.

More tips can be found at www.metawellness.com.

Bad habits are hard to break. But by making small changes one at a time, you can overcome your hurdles for a healthier lifestyle. (StatePoint)

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Page 17

The Sentinel - Home & Garden-April 2015

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Who needs to test water and why

ld habits die hard. It has been at least 35 years since we first started thinking of water as a precious resource. You can probably go back beyond written records of humans and find they knew water was precious, but once we began piping it everywhere, we forgot how important it is. Nobody would ever have thought of paying for a bottle of water in the 1970s. Now people willingly pay for it even when they have a ready source at their tap.

A liter of Dasani costs $1.39. A liter of regular gas is about $.73. We obviously get it at that level, but we still don’t get it when it comes out of a spigot. If you have 5,000 square feet of lawn that you apply one inch of water per week for 12 weeks out of the year, you are applying about 37,400 gallons of water. At $1.39 per liter, that would cost you $196,767 if you had to buy it like a liter of Dasani. Of course we don’t have to pay that much and we never would water a lawn if it cost that much, but in times of drought, we might want to start thinking of water in a different way.

Gov. Jay Inslee has made a drought

Taking a water sample for nitrate testing by the Klickitat County Health Department.

declaration that includes all or parts of 20 counties. It includes the western half of Klickitat County. Rainfall for most of the county has been normal, but areas dependent on summer-long snow melt have issues. Dry weather is what you would expect, living on the edge of a semi-arid habitat, which is what most of Klickitat County is. What we don’t expect is lack of snow in the Cascades.

It will affect the flow of streams and areas that depend on snow melt for groundwater recharge or snow melt that provides the water for the springs that we use for people, pets and livestock.

The other important issue with water is quality. According to the USGS, there are 332,500,000 cubic miles of water on earth and in the atmosphere. Only 2.5 percent of that is fresh water. When you consider the amount of lakes, rivers and aquifers, only three-quarters of one percent is the fresh water humans rely upon for consumption for us and our animals. The rest of the water on earth is unavailable or requires treatment to be potable. It is a very precious resource.

If your water comes from a public system in Washington, it is likely to be tested several times during a year. The law requires municipalities to report those results to you, at least annually. If you are on your own well, you need to test for yourself.

There are two common tests, coliform bacteria indicating fecal contamination, and nitrate. If there are reasons to think other chemicals or inorganics could be in the water, you can test for it, although it can be expensive. Klickitat County has bottles and will test for bacteria ($30) and nitrate ($20).

Bacteria should be tested annually. It could indicate rodents, livestock or septic tank contamination. Nitrate can be tested less often if you have low levels, below 3 ppm. Livestock and fertilizer are the primary sources of contamination for nitrate. If those sources aren’t on the property, liklihood of a nitrate problem is slim, but periodic monitoring is wise.

We in the Northwest are fortunate to have good sources of water. It may not be that way for ever. Maintaining quantity and quality is our responsibility.

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Page 18 XERISCAPE

The Sentinel - Home & Garden-April 2015 from Page 3

in this climate. Beware of bringing in plants from outside the area. They may not be adapted and they may be considered as noxious weeds in Klickitat County. Check with the weed district at www.klickitatcounty.org/WeedControl for a list of noxious weeds.

A few plants to consider from the Oregon publication “An introduction to xeriscaping in the high desert” for eastern and central Oregon, are: ground covers – yellow ice plant, mat daisy,

dianthus, pine leaf penstemon, cat’s ears; perennials flowers – bellflower, purple coneflower, yarrow; broadleaf evergreens – grape holly, Kinnickinnic; shrubs – blue mist spirea, service berry.

Klickitat County Master Gardeners can also provide a list of recommended plants.

Monitor soil moisture by feel. If it crumbles when you try to spread it out in your hand, it is too dry. If it ribbons out, it has enough moisture. Whe you

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water, water slowly and deeply to encourage deep rooting. Drip irrigation can save up to 60 percent over sprinkler methods. Avoid pooling or run-off.

Irrigate at night or early morning to reduce evaporation. Mulch with three to four inches of shredded ground bark or wood chips. Avoid rock mulches that hold heat and increase evaporation.

Keep weeds out.

Limit water use to critical periods.

Plants with soft growth in spring to early summer need more water at that time than they do later in summer.

Landscaped areas should be watered with drip systems or water systems that can deliver water to specific locations under low pressure. Be sure to group plants with similar water needs together so as not to over or under water.

Xeriscape is a smart approach to landscaping in Klickitat County. It is perfect for people who enjoy growing a variety of plants, but it might take some mental adjustments for some people.

Linda Chalker-Scott, Extension Horticulturist with WSU says that the belief that using drought-tolerant plants will reduce residential water con-

See Conserve, Page 19

A well constructed xeriscape in Goldendale with bark mulch and a mixture of plant types that can allow zone watering.

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The Sentinel - Home & Garden-April 2015 ENWARDS

from Page

9

impact of the annual incentive payment. “We had 30 systems designed and ready to go,” says Lewis, “then the PUD shut down the incentive payment and that put a halt to those installations.”

Enwards says the system ran about $5/watt installed. He does not get the maximum annual payment since he used inverters built in Oregon. He weighed the loss of incentive against the lower cost of the items and the longevity of the company in making his decision.

Lewis shows the budget of a typical installation of a 7 kW system. The installed cost is about $33,000. The federal tax credit was $11,780. Net metering credit offset $787 in electrical charges in one year. With the $5,000 state incentive, it figures to be a 4.8 year payback for the investment, not counting interest. Without the $5,000 it jumps to more than a 25 year payback.

The systems are low maintenance.

Enwards doesn’t clean his panels, just lets the rain take care of it. The inverters are the mechanical end that can fail. “The systems are guaranteed for 90 percent of rated output for 25 years,” says Enwards. There is no back-up for the Enwards system, but someone could include a battery storage system.

“Inverters are the weak link, due to the fact there is a lot of switching and mechanical parts,” says Lewis. You want to have a 10 year warranty, and expect to replace inverters at 12 years, according to Lewis.

Solar systems continue to evolve with more efficient materials and designs. With strong interest at the legislative levels in Washington, there is reason for optimism of continued incentive for solar. Lewis likens the investment to that of buying a car, at least with the incentives. Without that, it takes a longer view and a desire to be more self-sustaining to make the move, but the solar’s time has come.

Solar references

• solarwa.org non-profit association of solar nterests including builders, designes, distributers, teachers and enthusiasts.

• nwseed.org non-profit fostering community level adoption of energy efficient systems, including solar. Sponsors workshops, informative newsletter.

• Hireelectric.com Electrical contractig business in The Dallas, servicing Columbia Gorge counties. Includes a division specializing in wind, solar, micro-hydro and methane.

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Page 19 CONSERVE

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18

sumption is a myth. She cites a study in Arizona that showed that even with a desire to conserve water, some homeowners actually used more water with their xeriscape because of their desire to have an aesthetically pleasing landscape.

“If water is available, many droughttolerant species use more water than typical landscape plants,” says ChalkerScott. “”To be truly effective in conserving water, homeowners and other

landscape managers need to develop a different philosophy of landscape aesthetics. No plant will grow vigorously without adequate moisture, but drought-tolerant species will survive prolonged droughts. We need to be able to accept the bad - the leaf shedding and reduced growth - with the good.”

By using the right mix of plants and clipping and removing dead material, even xeriscaping can be neat and beautiful all year long.

Mulches

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• Pine needles - apply loosly.

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