GLOBEFISH - The Seafood Market in Greece - Mar 2010

GLOBEFISH RESEARCH PROGRAMME The Seafodd Market in Greece Volume 98

The Seafood Market in Greece Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Products, Trade and Marketing Service Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, Italy Tel.: +39 06 5705 5074 Fax: +39 06 5705 5188 www.globefish.org

Volume 98

The Seafood Market in Greece

by

Camillo Catarci (March 2010)

The GLOBEFISH Research Programme is an activity initiated by FAO's Fish Utilisation and Marketing Service, Rome, Italy and financed jointly by: -

NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service), Washington, DC, USA FROM, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid, Spain Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Copenhagen, Denmark European Commission, Directorate General for Fisheries, Brussels, EU Norwegian Seafood Export Council, Tromsoe, Norway OFIMER (Office National Interprofessionnel des Produits de la Mer et de l’Aquaculture), Paris, France ASMI (Alaska Seafood Marketing Institute), USA DFO (Department of Fisheries and Oceans), Canada SSA (Seafood Services Australia), Australia

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, GLOBEFISH, Products, Trade and Marketing Service Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy – Tel.: (39) 06570 56313 E-mail: GLOBEFISH@fao.org - Fax: (39) 0657055188 – http//:www.globefish.org

The designation employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Camillo Catarci;

THE SEAFOOD MARKET IN GREECE

GLOBEFISH Research Programme, Vol.98 Rome, FAO. 2010. p. 58.

The book summarizes the Seafood Market in Greece, including the importance of the Greek industry as producers of seabass and seabream.

Acknowledgement : Karine Boisset, FAO; Richard Grainger,

FAO; Helga Josupeit, FAO; Gabriella Laurenti, FAO; Gerry O’Sullivan, FAO; Turan Rahimzadeh, FAO; Paul Rascoe, University of Texas; Sachiko Tsuji, FAO; Stefania Vannuccini, FAO. Special thanks to Ms. Zita Bakela Cover photograph courtesy of: Turan Rahimzadeh Report layout prepared by Tony Piccolo FAO - GLOBEFISH.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.

Š FAO 2010

ii

TABLE OF CONTENT

1.

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1

2.

THE FISHING AND AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY IN GREECE .................................... 2 2.1.

2.2.

2.3.

3.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE ............................................................................................... 7 3.1.

3.2.

3.3.

4.

Fish packaging unit .................................................................................................. 16 Shellfish distribution centres .................................................................................... 16 Key industry players ................................................................................................ 16 Consumption............................................................................................................ 19

MARKETING ................................................................................................................... 35 5.1.

5.2.

5.3.

5.2.

6.

Exports....................................................................................................................... 7 Imports..................................................................................................................... 11 Prices of imported fishery products in Greece .......................................................... 14

PROCESSING................................................................................................................... 15 4.1.

4.2.

4.3.

4.4.

5.

Total production......................................................................................................... 2 Capture Fisheries ....................................................................................................... 2 Aquaculture ............................................................................................................... 4

Supply sources ......................................................................................................... 36 Market potential ....................................................................................................... 38 Consumer demand.................................................................................................... 40 Fish Auction Halls ................................................................................................... 44

REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 45 6.1.

6.2.

Introduction ............................................................................................................. 45 Greece...................................................................................................................... 46

ANNEX 1: DETAILED IMPORT TABLE ........................................................................ 47 ANNEX 2: TOTAL LANDINGS AND FRESH AUCTION HALLS................................. 51

TABLES TABLE 1: COMPOSITION OF THE GREEK AQUACULTURE OUTPUT ............................. 5 TABLE 2: TOTAL MEDITERRANEAN AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY ................................................................................................................................. 6 TABLE 3: GREECE VERSUS TOTAL MEDITERRANEAN AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 6 TABLE 4: GREEK SEAFOOD EXPORTS BY MAIN COUNTRIES OF DESTINATION ..... 10

iii

TABLE 5: GREEK SEAFOOD EXPORT QUANTITIES, VALUES AND UNIT VALUES BY MAIN COMMODITIES ............................................................................................................... 10 TABLE 6: GREEK SEAFOOD IMPORTS BY GROUP OF COMMODITIES ........................ 13 TABLE 7: GREEK SEAFOOD IMPORTS BY MAIN COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN .................. 13 TABLE 8: WORLD PRODUCTION OF SEABASS (DICENTRARCHUS LABRAX) ........... 17 TABLE 9: WORLD PRODUCTION OF SEABREAM (SPARUS AURATA)......................... 17 TABLE 10: TOTAL CONSUMPTION OF FISHERY PRODUCTS IN GREECE .................... 19 TABLE 11: SHARE OF SEABASS AND SEABREAM IN GREEK FISH CONSUMPTION . 20 TABLE 12: SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION IN GREECE BY GROUP OF COMMODITIES .... 21 TABLE 13: AVERAGE MONTHLY PURCHASE OF FISH BY HOUSEHOLDS................... 22 TABLE 14: TOTAL MARKET ESTIMATION ........................................................................ 22 TABLE 15: TOTAL MARKET ESTIMATION OF SUPER MARKETS .................................. 23 TABLE 16: AVERAGE MONTHLY EXPENDITURE OF HOUSEHOLDS PER URBAN, SEMI-URBAN AND AGRICULTURAL AREAS. TOTAL GREECE...................................... 24 TABLE 17: AVERAGE MONTHLY EXPENDITURE OF HOUSEHOLDS PER CLASS OF TOTAL MONLTHY EXPENDITURE. TOTAL GREECE ....................................................... 25 TABLE 18: AVERAGE MONTHLY EXPENDITURE BY SIZE OF HOUSEHOLD. TOTAL GREECE ..................................................................................................................... 26 TABLE 19: AVERAGE MONTHLY EXPENDITURE OF HOUSEHOLD BASED ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE HOUSEHOLD. TOTAL GREECE ................................................. 27 TABLE 20: AVERAGE MONTHLY EXPENDITURE BY AGE GROUP OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD. TOTAL GREECE ........................................................................................................ 29 TABLE 21: AVERAGE MONTHLY QUANTITIES PURCHASED BY HOUSEHOLDS PER URBAN, SEMI-URBAN AND AGRICULTURAL AREAS. TOTAL GREECE .............. 30 TABLE 22: AVERAGE MONTHLY QUANTITIES PURCHASED BY HOUSEHOLDS PER CLASS OF TOTAL MONTHLY EXPENDITURE. TOTAL GREECE ............................ 32 TABLE 23: AVERAGE MONTHLY QUANTITIES PURCHASED BY HOUSEHOLDS BY MONTHLY INCOME CLASS. TOTAL GREECE ................................................................... 33 TABLE 24: AVERAGE MONTHLY QUANTITIES PURCHASED BY HOUSEHOLDS. TOTAL GREECE ..................................................................................................................... 34 TABLE 25: SUPERMARKET CHAINS IN GREECE .............................................................. 43 TABLE 26: GREEK HO.RE.CA MARKET.............................................................................. 44

iv

FIGURES: FIGURE 1: TOTAL FISHERY AND AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION IN GREECE.............. 2 FIGURE 2: GREEK FISHERY CAPTURES............................................................................... 3 FIGURE 3: SEABREAM AND SEABASS PRICES IN ITALIAN MARKET - ORIGIN GREECE..................................................................................................................................... 4 FIGURE 4: GREEK AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION............................................................. 5 FIGURE 5: EVOLUTION OF GREEK SEABASS AND SEABREAM PRODUCTION AND PRICES....................................................................................................................................... 7 FIGURE 6: GREEK SEAFOOD EXPORTS ............................................................................... 8 FIGURE 7: GREEK EXPORTS OF SEABREAM AND SEABASS .......................................... 9 FIGURE 8: EXPORT OF PRODUCTS FROM GREECE ......................................................... 11 FIGURE 9: GREEK SEAFOOD EXPORTS ............................................................................. 12 FIGURE 10: UNIT VALUE OF IMPORTED FISHMEAL AND FISH OIL ............................. 14 FIGURE 11: FROZEN IMPORTED CEPHALOPOD - UNIT VALUE IN GREECE................ 14 FIGURE 12: FROZEN FILLET UNIT VALUE ........................................................................ 15 FIGURE 13: PROCESSING IN GREECE................................................................................. 16 FIGURE 14: SEABASS AND SEABREAM PRICES IN ITALY - ORIGIN GREECE............. 18 FIGURE 15: SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION IN GREECE.......................................................... 20 FIGURE 16: VALUE CHAINS FOR GREEK FISHERY PRODUCTS .................................... 37

v

1. INTRODUCTION Per capita consumption of fish, crustaceans and molluscs in Greece increased from 16.23 kg in 1961 to 21.97 kg in 2003 and 25 kg in 2005. Consumption grew during the 1990s as people became more aware of the health benefits of eating seafood. The main species consumed in Greece are demersal fish and cephalopods.

Domestic consumption accounts for 75 percent of seafood purchases, the catering sector for the remaining 25 percent. Seafood for consumption in the home is purchased through modern and traditional channels in equal proportions.

The Greek fisheries sector is important for the national economy despite its small contribution to the GDP (gross domestic product) – just 0.35 percent in 2003. Greek fisheries are multigear and multispecies. There are 17 500 professional fishing boats and approximately 38 000 people employed in the Greek fishery sector. Fishery captures increased from 50 000 tonnes in 1950 to a record 181 100 tonnes in 1994, before declining in the years that followed. In 2007, Greek capture fishery production totalled 96 100 tonnes. The main species are small pelagics.

The principal segments of Greek aquaculture are marine cage production of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and a small number of freshwater species. Aquaculture production in Greece increased from just over 1 000 tonnes in 1970 to 113 300 tonnes in 2007.

Seafood imports increased from 33 700 tonnes in 1976 to 219 100 tonnes in 2008, an average yearly increase of 6 percent. The principal imported products are fishmeal and fish oil, and the remaining imports are somewhat fragmented. Frozen shrimps and prawns are the most remunerative commodity imported by Greece, even if the quantity is relatively low. Greek seafood imports come mainly from developed countries, but in 2008 developing countries accounted for 30 percent of all seafood imports into Greece. The most important developing country exporter is Peru, which supplies fishmeal.

Exports of seafood from Greece increased from less than 7 000 in 1976 to 136 100 tonnes in 2007, with an annual growth rate of 10 percent (Figure 6). However, this positive trend came to an end in 2008, when only 122 000 tonnes were exported. Exports to Italy, Spain and France represent more than 70 percent of total seafood exports from Greece. The main products exported by Greece, in terms of both quantity and value, are: fresh saltwater fish; live, fresh and chilled mussels; and fresh and chilled seabass and seabream.

The principal players in the Greek fishery and aquaculture industry are the large fish farms producing seabass and seabream for export. At present, six Greek companies account for around 80 percent of the total production of seabass and seabream, and some of them have already expanded their business portfolio to Spain and Turkey.

1

2. FISHING AND AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY 2.1. Total Production Greek fisheries and aquaculture production increased from just over 50 000 tonnes in 1950 to a peak of more than 205 000 tonnes in 1997. Since then, production has more or less stabilized at around 200 000 tonnes. Figure 1 shows how capture fisheries production has declined in recent years, while aquaculture production has markedly increased.

Fig. Fig 1:2 Total fishery and aquaculture production in Greece, 1950-2007 250 000 225 000 200 000

Aquaculture

175 000 tonnes

Capture 150 000 125 000 100 000 75 000 50 000

2005

2000

1995

1990

1985

1980

1975

1970

1965

1960

1955

1950

25 000

year

(source: FAO FISHSTAT Plus).

2.2. Capture Fisheries The primary production sector of the national economy is important, not only for its economic implications but also for its part in the maintenance of the sociodemographic status of certain areas of the country. Within this framework, the national fisheries sector, despite its relatively low contribution to the GDP (< 1%), is considered important, particularly in rural, coastal and island regions. Marine fisheries are the most important, in terms of both employment and production volume. The fisheries sector contributes to the economy and social cohesion in the coastal regions and the islands, where fishing and tourism are often the sole incomegenerating activities.

Greek fisheries are multigear and multispecies. The 17 500 professional fishing boats include 360 trawlers over 12 m, 300 purse seines, 400 beach seines, 530 surface longliners, 16 800 gillnetters and small bottom longliners. The high number of gillnetters is an indication of the importance of shore fishing. Offshore fisheries were developed in the early 1970s, but the greatest expansion was seen in the 1980s, soon after entry into the European Community

2

(EC). The 650 boats involved in offshore fishing account for 60 percent of the national fish production.

Approximately 38 000 people are employed in the Greek fishery sector. However the common fisheries policy (CFP) of the European Union (EU), which encourages the reduction of fishing capacity and gives subsidies in this respect, is leading many fishers to withdraw their vessels and retire from the profession. At the same time, many professional fishers and fish farmers are purchasing small boats to top up their incomes with part-time fishing.

Fig.2:3. Greek fishery captures, 1950-2007 Fig

175 000 150 000

tonnes

125 000 100 000 75 000 50 000

2005

2000

1995

1990

1985

1980

1975

1970

1965

1960

1955

1950

25 000

year

(source: FAO FISHSTAT Plus)

Greek fishery captures take place mainly in the Aegean and Ionian seas. They increased from 50 000 tonnes in 1950 to a record 181 100 tonnes in 1994. The subsequent decline was due in part to overfishing; however, in 1998, the methods of data collection and analysis changed, which also influences the significant change observed. In recent years, capture fisheries production has stabilized at 100 000 tonnes (Figure 2). The reduction in overall fisheries production is due in part to the lower quantities landed by the vessels operating in the Mediterranean region (â&#x2C6;&#x2019;12%), in part to the decrease (by almost half) in production of highseas fisheries.

Of the total national landings of capture fisheries, 60 percent comprise just ten species, of which six are marine finfish, two are crustaceans (shrimps and prawns) and one is a bivalve mollusk (mussel). Both the composition of the catch and the prices fetched in the market exhibit strong seasonal fluctuations.

The main species caught are European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and European sardine (Sardina pilchardus).

3

2.3. Aquaculture Greek aquaculture comprises mainly: marine cage production of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata); Mediterranean mussels; and a small number of freshwater species, such as trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), eel (Anguilla anguilla) and carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Seabass and seabream farming began in 1981, but the industry underwent its greatest growth (increasing 20-fold) between 1990 and 2000 for numerous reasons: the good climatic conditions; the long and sheltered shoreline; considerable private, national and, above all, EU investment in the sector; and breakthroughs in hatchery and nutrition technologies. The boom in production caused prices to fall from EUR 15.57/kg in 1989 to around EUR 4.50/kg in 2000 and to under EUR 4.00/kg by 2002/03. In 2008, there was a dramatic decline in seabream prices, while seabass prices remained relatively strong. In July 2009, the prices of small seabass and seabream stood at EUR 3.60/kg.

Fig. Fig 3: 4. Seabream and seabass prices in Italian market - origin Greece 8

Seabream fresh whole 300-450 gr/pc

7

Seabass fresh whole 300-450 gr/pc EUR/kg

6 5 4 3 Jan-09

Jul-08

Jan-08

Jul-07

Jan-07

Jul-06

Jan-06

Jul-05

Jan-05

Jul-04

Jan-04

Jul-03

Jan-03

Jul-02

Jan-02

Jul-01

Jan-01

Jul-00

Jan-00

Jul-99

Jan-99

2

source: GLOBEFISH EPR

(source: GLOBEFISH EPR)

The fall in seabream prices during 2008 and early 2009 was due in part to increased supply, but it was also the result of market fragmentation, poor marketing and poor regulation of pricing policies. In June 2009, seabream prices remained surprisingly stable, as fewer products entered the market; in fact, producers had already reacted to the poor market situation of the previous year and reduced production. One result of the increased pressure on the sector has been the reduction in the number of producers.

As a reaction to the 2008 economic crisis, Greek (as well as Turkish and Spanish) companies became more consolidated through mergers and acquisitions. At present, just six Greek companies account for around 80 percent of total production of seabass and seabream; some companies have already expanded their business portfolio in Spain and Turkey.

Approximately 80 percent of Greek aquaculture production is exported, mainly to Italy and Spain. Fish, principally farmed seabass and bream, is the third largest agricultural export after olive oil and tobacco.

4

Aquaculture production in Greece increased from just over 1 000 tonnes in 1970 to 113 200 tonnes in 2007 (Figure 4). The almost continuous increase that had characterized the 1990s came to an end, and overall production in 2007 remained at 2006 levels.

Fig. Fig 4:5. Greek aquaculture production, 1970-2007

110 000 100 000 90 000 80 000 tonnes

70 000 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000

2005

2000

1995

1990

1985

1980

1975

1970

10 000

year

(source: FAO FISHSTAT Plus).

Seabass and seabream represent approximately 70 percent of Greek aquaculture production, while Mediterranean mussels account for approximately 20 percent (Table 1).

Table 1. Composition of the Greek aquaculture output, 1998-2007 (tonnes).

Species Gilthead seabream European seabass Mediterranean mussels TOTAL (inc. others)

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

21 951

32 837

38 587

40 694

37 944

44 118

37 394

43 829

43 916

50 023

18 469

24 413

26 653

25 342

23 860

27 324

25 766

30 959

34 040

34 760

14 535

21 232

24 327

25 934

21 792

25 618

28 781

26 048

28 299

22 179

59 926

84 274

95 418

97 512

87 928

101 434

97 143

106 208

113 307

113 258

(source: FAO FISHSTAT Plus).

5

Table 2 : Total Mediterranean Aquaculture Production by country

Country

2005

Share 2005

2006

Share 2006

2007

Share 2007

Greece

85,000

48%

100000

0.479157

115000

47%

Turkey

38,600

22%

46000

0.220412

64000

26%

Spain

21,100

12%

29100

0.139435

33000

13%

Italy

17,100

10%

18000

9%

18,300

7%

France

6,200

4%

7,800

4%

6,200

3%

Portugal

4,000

2%

3,000

1%

3,000

1%

Croatia

3,000

2%

2,600

1%

3,000

1%

Cyprus

2,000

1%

2,200

1%

2,500

1%

900

1%

900

0%

900

0%

Malta TOTAL

177,000

100%

208,700

100%

245,000

Table 3. Greece versus total Mediterranean Aquaculture Production Compound 2001-2005 Growth 2006 2007 2008 Rate 172 000 4% 208 700 245 000 260 000 Mediterranean 88 000 (1.5%) 100 000 115 000 125 000 Greece 51% 48% 48% 47% Market Share Greece

6

100%

% increase

24% 25%

Fig. 5 Evolution of Greek Seabass and seabream production and prices â&#x201A;Ź/Kg tons 7,5 100.000

6,7 5,8

80.000 5,0 4,2

60.000

3,3 40.000

2,5 1,7

20.000 0,8 0

0,0

95 996 997 998 999 000 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 19 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Production

Average Price

3. INTERNATIONAL TRADE 3.1. Exports Seafood exports increased from less than 7 000 tonnes in 1976 to 136 100 tonnes in 2007, an annual growth rate of 10 percent (Figure 6). However, this positive trend came to an end in 2008, when only 122 000 tonnes were exported.

7

Fig. 10: Greek seafood exports, 1976-2008 Fig 6:

150 000

125 000

tonnes

100 000

75 000

50 000

2006

2001

1996

1991

1986

1981

1976

25 000

year

(sources: FAO FISHSTAT Plus -1976 to 2007- and EUROSTAT -2008).

Italy, Spain and France account for more than 70 percent of total seafood exports from Greece (Table 4). Italy alone takes almost half of Greek exports, mostly fresh seabass and seabream, as well as some unspecified saltwater fish (likely to also be seabass/seabream) and live/fresh mussels. Spain imports fresh saltwater fish, fresh gilthead seabream, fresh European seabass and live/fresh mussels. France mainly imports live/fresh and canned mussels, fresh saltwater fish, fresh gilthead seabream and European seabass.

8

Fig. 7 Greek exports of Seabream and Seabass

UK: 8 000 tonnes 80% market share

Spain: 13 000 tonnes 20% market share

Italy: 33 000 tonnes 40% market share

Portugal: 5 000 tonnes 50% market share

France: 10 000 tonnes 47% market share

9

Table 4. Greek seafood exports by main countries of destination, 1995-2008 (1 000 tonnes).

Country

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Italy

24.8

28.8

42.3

44.0

52.7

47.5

48.4

33.1

46.8

46.1

48.1

50.1

55.2

53.8

Spain

1.2

1.4

2.1

2.7

8.0

10.6

17.7

13.4

17.3

19.9

13.6

19.1

15.9

15.6

France TOTAL (inc. others)

1.9

1.9

3.1

3.3

4.8

7.1

8.7

8.2

9.2

9.6

11.7

16.9

18.4

17.6

34.8

43.0

59.3

62.5

79.8

83.2

98.7

73.3

93.3

97.5

97.2

118.1

138.1

121.7

(Source: EUROSTAT)

The main products exported by Greece in terms of both quantity and value are fresh saltwater fish. Exports of unidentified fresh marine fish (code 03026995) increased from 1 500 tonnes in 1996 (€8.3 million) to 43 500 tonnes in 2008 (€141.3 million). The unit value of fresh marine fish in this category fell from €5.38/kg to €3.25/kg. At the same time, exports of unidentified fresh saltwater fish (code 03026999) increased from 4 500 tonnes in 1996 (€24.9 million) to 10 400 tonnes in 2006, subsequently dropping to 7 100 tonnes in 2008 (€24.2 million) (Table 5). These two groups of “unidentified” fish clearly include a huge quantity of seabass and seabream, and the official seabass and seabream exports from Greece are massively underestimated.

Table 5. Greek seafood export quantities, values and unit values by main commodities.

Commodity

03026995 – Unidentified fresh saltwater fish

03073110 - Live, fresh or chilled mussels

3026994 – Fresh or chilled seabass Dicentrarchus labrax 3026961 – Fresh and chilled sea bream Dentex dentex and Pagellus spp 03026999 – Unidentified fresh and chilled edible saltwater fish

TOTAL (inc. others)

1995

2000

1 000 t

na

19.02

€1 000 €/kg 1 000 t €1 000 €/kg 1 000 t €1 000 €/kg 1 000 t €1 000

na na 4.21 1.6 0.38 na na na 4.7 28.74

91.57 4.81 12.81 5.72 0.45 12.38 71.82 5.80 8.63 45.09

6.12

5.23

5.78

€/kg

2005

2006

2007

16.0

22.9

63.47 3.97 13.73 8.13 0.59 11.49 53.65 4.67 10.28 59.39

91.58 4.00 21.58 12.44 0.58 17.57 81.53 4.64 13.29 54.13

33.1 131.7 3.98 15.8 9.6 0.61 29.2 134.6

2008

43.5

141.3 3.25

11.2 7 0.63

26.4 126.0

4.61 6.4 21.5

4.77 4.9 21.7

4.07

3.36

4.43

7.7 29.6

1 000 t

na

8.09

10.8

10.42

€1 000 €/kg 1 000 t €1 000 €/kg

na na

36.64 4.53

41.46 3.84

41.94 4.03

34.8 135.89 3.90

83.19 322.6 3.88

97.24 347.76 3.58

118.13 419.8 3.55

3.84 121.6 463.7

3.81

7.1

24.2 3.41 121.7 442.8 3.64

(Source: EUROSTAT) Live, fresh and chilled mussels are the second most important seafood export from Greece.

Exports of mussels increased from 4 200 tonnes in 1995 to 21 600 tonnes in 2006, but fell again to 11 200 tonnes in 2008 (Table 5). Mussels are farmed in plastic mesh bags hanging from ropes placed in parallel rows. The minimum market size (5 cm) is usually reached in

10

about 12 months. Production increased from 10 200 tonnes in 1995 to 28 000 tonnes in 2006, but then decreased to 22 700 tonnes in 2007; exports reflected this decline. Indeed, the bulk of mussel production in Greece is destined for export rather than domestic consumption.

Fig Fig. 8: 11: export of products from Greece 50

unidentified fresh saltwater fish

45 40

1 000 tonnes

35

fresh or chilled seabass

30 25

fresh or chilled seabream

20 15

unidentifed fresh and chilled edible saltwater fish

10 5

20 08

20 06

20 04

20 02

20 00

19 98

19 96

0

Exports of fresh and chilled European seabass increased from 1 700 tonnes (€11.5 million) in 1996 to 26 400 tonnes (€126 million) in 2008 (Table 5). In 2001/02, the seabass/seabream farming industry experienced its first crisis as prices fell below production costs; exports fell accordingly. The sector then underwent restructuring, and exports began to increase again. As supplies of farmed fish increased, the unit value of fresh seabass declined from €6.95/kg in 1996 to €4.77/kg in 2008.

Exports of fresh and chilled seabream (Dentex dentex and Pagellus spp) increased from 4 700 tonnes (€28.7 million) in 1995 to 13 300 tonnes (€54.1 million) in 2006. More recently, most of the seabream and seabass produced and exported from Greece has gone into the “unidentified” category, with the result that declared seabream exports have declined, reaching just 4 900 tonnes (€21 million) in 2008.

3.2. Imports Greek imports of fish and fishery products increased from 33 700 tonnes in 1976 to 219 100 tonnes in 2008 (Figure 9), an average annual growth rate of 6 percent.

11

Fig. Fig 9:6. Greek seafood imports, 1976-2008

225 000 200 000 175 000

tonnes

150 000 125 000 100 000 75 000 50 000

2006

2001

1996

1991

1986

1981

1976

25 000

year

(sources: FAO FISHSTAT Plus -1976 to 2007- and EUROSTAT - 2008).

Imports of all fish commodity groups grew between 1995 and 2008; the highest reported annual growth rate was for fresh fillets (48 percent).

Fishmeal and fish oil account for approximately one half of total fishery products imported by Greece, having increased from 32 100 tonnes in 1995 to 112 300 tonnes in 2008 (Table 6).

Fishmeal is mostly imported into Greece to supply feed for aquaculture farms. The next largest import commodity is molluscs, mainly cephalopods, and in 2008 imports reached 33 800 tonnes. The principal suppliers of molluscs to Greece are India, New Zealand, Spain, Morocco, the United States and China (Mainland and Taiwan Province).

Imports of frozen fish declined from 24 500 tonnes in 1995 to 23 000 tonnes in 2008 (Table 6); the main countries of origin are Spain, the Netherlands, Morocco and Iceland. In contrast, imports of fresh fish increased from 6 300 tonnes in 1995 to 13 700 tonnes in 2008; the main countries of origin are Turkey, Spain, Italy and Senegal.

Traditional eating habits continue to prevail in Greece, and as a consequence, imports of prepared and preserved fish are quite limited in comparison with other major southern European fish markets (e.g. France, Italy and Spain). Nevertheless, imports increased from 7 400 tonnes in 1995 to 13 600 tonnes in 2008. Canned tuna is the main prepared/preserved fish imported into Greece, followed by canned sardines. The biggest suppliers of prepared/preserved fish to Greece are Italy, Germany and Thailand.

Imports of frozen fish fillets increased from 4 700 tonnes in 1995 to 7 100 tonnes in 2008.

The main suppliers of frozen fish fillets to Greece are Tanzania (Nile perch), Viet Nam (pangasius), the Netherlands, Germany and Spain.

12

Table 6. Greek seafood imports by group of commodities (1 000 tonnes).

Fishmeal and oil Live, fresh frozen and cured molluscs Frozen fish Fresh fish Canned fish Frozen fillets Cured fish Live, fresh, frozen and cured crustaceans Canned molluscs Canned crustaceans Fresh fillets Live fish Frozen meat and surimi

1995 32.1

1996 34.9

1997 38.6

1998 44.0

1999 43.9

2000 2001 63.6 102.7

2002 97.0

2003 83.2

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 72.9 104.2 101.3 115.4 112.3

18.1 24.5 6.3 7.4 4.7 7.5

24.1 25.2 7.8 6.8 6.3 9.5

28.7 23.7 11.0 8.1 7.4 10.7

29.6 21.3 14.2 8.0 5.2 8.4

32.4 21.0 14.9 9.4 5.4 9.5

31.4 20.6 14.5 9.4 6.0 9.1

33.2 19.2 17.7 9.7 7.6 8.1

35.7 14.4 13.3 10.9 7.1 6.1

36.4 17.0 13.7 12.1 7.9 5.9

28.6 19.6 13.6 12.2 8.6 6.7

35.1 20.3 13.5 10.5 10.4 8.2

31.3 18.3 15.4 12.4 11.6 8.3

25.3 18.5 13.1 11.0 6.7 6.0

33.8 23.0 13.7 13.6 7.7 5.2

1.7 2.1

2.9 3.1

2.6 3.5

2.6 0.7

5.8 2.2

3.3 3.0

4.0 1.9

4.1 2.9

4.6 1.6

4.8 1.9

4.0 2.6

4.8 2.0

5.0 1.2

4.2 1.3

0.4 0.0 0.3

0.3 0.1 0.4

0.2 0.1 0.6

0.3 0.1 0.3

0.4 0.1 0.3

0.3 0.1 0.3

0.3 0.2 0.3

0.2 0.2 0.2

0.9 0.6 2.2

0.4 1.0 2.0

1.1 0.8 0.1

1.4 1.2 0.9

0.7 0.8 3.6

1.1 1.9 0.4

0.1

0.3

0.3

0.8

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.3

1.8

1.1

TOTAL 105.0 121.8 135.5 135.7 145.6 161.9 205.3 192.7 186.8 172.7 211.2 209.1 209.0 219.3 (source: EUROSTAT).

Greek imports of fish and seafood are quite fragmented. Imports of frozen loligo squid, for example, peaked at over 10 000 tonnes in 2006, but have since declined. Frozen shrimps and prawns are the highest-value import commodity, despite the fact that imported quantities are relatively low. The biggest shrimp imports are of frozen Penaeus shrimp (code 03061350): in 2008, imports reached 1 700 tonnes (â&#x201A;Ź11.3 million) (Annex I).

With the exception of one developing country (Peru, which supplies fishmeal), developed countries dominate Greek imports of fishery products (Table 7). However, imports from developing countries did increase from 29 300 tonnes in 1995 to 63 400 tonnes in 2006, peaking at 64 300 tonnes in 2004 (i.e. approximately 30 percent of total seafood imports).

Table 7. Greek seafood imports by main countries of origin, 1995-2008 (1 000 tonnes).

Country

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Denmark

29.6

24.8

30.3

33.0

30.1

41.0

54.1

49.9

32.0

35.6

25.8

32.7

32.8

27.1

Germany

2.6

2.3

2.6

3.0

5.7

3.0

3.5

3.8

5.4

21.2

17.2

20.4

31.0

43.7

Peru

2.6

2.3

2.6

3.0

5.7

3.0

3.5

3.8

5.4

21.2

17.2

20.4

19.6

0.9

Spain

3.4

6.8

3.5

0.5

3.0

5.2

17.9

19.1

20.2

5.7

12.5

16.8

15.8

18.8

Iceland

5.7

6.0

7.4

8.4

10.5

16.1

17.9

12.2

12.6

13.2

14.6

16.6

7.2

10.1

Italy

Netherlands TOTAL (inc. others)

2.4

4.0

2.0

1.2

0.6

0.6

1.0

6.4

16.6

6.8

8.3

13.6

9.7

13.1

11.0

10.0

14.2

15.0

14.7

15.4

13.6

7.4

9.0

9.0

10.6

12.0

10.8

7.9

105.0

121.8

135.5

135.8

145.6

161.9

205.3

192.7

186.8

172.8

211.2

209.1

209.0

219.3

(source: EUROSTAT).

13

3.3. Prices of imported fishery products Fishmeal and fish oil prices in the Greek market are in line with international market prices.

Overall prices increased from €500/tonne in 1995 to €800/tonne in 2008 for fishmeal, and from €600/tonne to €1 100/tonne for fish oil during the same period. This price increase resulted in higher costs for the Greek aquaculture industry, as most of the imported fishmeal and fish oil is used for aquaculture feed (Figure 10).

Figure Fig 10:7: Unit value of imported fishmeal and fish oil 1.20 1.00

EUR/kg

0.80

fishmeal fish oil

0.60 0.40 0.20

08

07

20

06

20

05

20

04

20

03

20

02

20

01

20

00

20

99

20

98

19

97

19

96

19

19

19

95

0.00

(Source: calculated from EUROSTAT)

Fig 11:8: Frozen imported cephalopod - unit value in Greece Fig. 7.00 6.00

EUR/kg

5.00

Frozen loligo Frozen octopus frozen cuttlefish

4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00

19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08

0.00

(Source: calculated from EUROSTAT)

14

The price of all frozen cephalopod products has increased in recent years. The preferred product, frozen octopus, peaked at €6.00/kg in 2008, a significant increase on the 1995 price of €4.00/kg. The price of frozen cuttlefish increased slightly during the same period from €2.50/kg to €3.00/kg, while the slightly cheaper frozen loligo squid reached €2.50/kg, an increase on the 1995 price of €1.40/kg (Figure 11).

Fig 12: Frozen fillet unit value - Greece 4.50 4.00 3.50 EUR/kg

3.00

Frozen freshwater fish fillets Frozen fillets of seawater fish

2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50

20 07

20 05

20 03

20 01

19 99

19 97

19 95

0.00

(Source: calculated from EUROSTAT)

Frozen seawater and freshwater fish fillets currently enter Greece at the same price: €2.50/kg.

In the past, freshwater fish fillets (mainly Nile perch) reached higher prices than their seawater counterparts; however, Nile perch fillets have been replaced by pangasius fillets, which generally sell for less (Figure 12).

4. PROCESSING The seafood processing industry in Greece is nowhere near the level of its counterparts in France, Italy and Spain. According to FISHSTAT data and GLOBEFISH estimates, seafood processing (including filleting, freezing and curing) in Greece declined from 32 000 tonnes in 1976 to 24 800 tonnes in 2005, dropping below 20 000 tonnes in 2007. The most important processing activities in recent years have been anchovy salting and shrimp freezing (Figure 13).

15

Fig. 13 Processing in Greece Meals

40,000 35,000

Fish, prepared or preserved

30,000 tonnes

25,000

Fish, fresh, chilled or frozen

20,000 15,000

Fish, dried, salted, or smoked

10,000 5,000

Crustaceans and molluscs, prep or pres

06

03

20

00

20

97

20

94

19

91

19

88

19

85

19

82

19

79

19

19

19

76

0 Crustaceans and molluscs, fresh and frozen

(source: FAO FISHSTAT Plus).

4.1. Fish Packaging Unit All packaging units of fisheries products comply with required sanitary processes established under EU Directive 91/493. Most packaging units are located in areas with extensive fishfarming activities. They are of small to medium operating capacity and serve almost exclusively the landings from the fish farms (which own the packaging units).

4.2. Shellfish Distribution Centres In accordance with EU Directive 91/492, shellfish distribution centres have been constructed for the controlled preservation, sorting, packaging and distribution of both wild and cultivated shellfish (mainly oysters and mussels). Modern hygiene and sanitary standards are adopted in order to preserve freshness, maintain the attributed value and enable the hygienic distribution of these products. The majority of farmed shellfish do not need to undergo a purification process, because the seawater medium in which they are farmed is considered of high quality.

4.3. Key industry players The main participants in the Greek fishery industry are the large fish farms producing seabass and seabream for export. Unlike France, Italy and Spain, Greece does not have a significant processing industry, nor do all retail chains have fish counters in their stores.

16

Table 8: World producton of seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) 2005

2006

2007

2008

2009*

42.0

(1000 tonnes)

Greece

36.0

40.0

43.0

48.0

Turkey

21.1

30.0

33.0

35.0

32.0

Spain

5.5

8.9

11.0

11.0

10.0

Italy

8.6

9.1

10.0

9.0

9.0

France

4.3

5.6

5.0

4.0

4.0

Egypt

5.3

2.1

3.0

2.0

2.0

Croatia

1.9

1.6

2.0

2.0

2.0

Portugal

1.5

1.4

2.0

2.0

2.0

Tunisia

0.6

0.5

1.0

1.0

1.0

Others

0.7

0.6

1.0

1.0

1.0

Total

85.5

99.8

111.0

115.0

105.0

(Source: FAO/AQUAMEDIA (for 2007and 2008), (*) Provisional)

At present, six Greek companies account for around 80 percent of national production of seabass and seabream, and some of these companies have already expanded business to Spain and Turkey. The remaining 20 percent of production is divided among 300 different companies.

Table 9: World production of seabream (Sparus aurata) 2005

2006

2007

2008

2009*

88.0

(1000 tonnes)

Greece

44.0

60.0

72.0

90.0

Turkey

17.5

22.5

28.0

32.0

31.0

Spain

15.6

20.2

23.0

25.0

25.0

Italy

8.5

8.9

9.0

9.0

9.0

Egypt

5.7

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

Israel

3.4

2.8

3.0

3.0

3.0

Portugal

2.5

1.6

2.0

2.0

2.0

France

1.9

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

Croatia

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Others

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.0

3.0

102.8

125.0

146.0

170.0

167.0

Total

(Source: FAO/AQUAMEDIA (for 2007 and 2008), (*) Provisional)

The Greek island of Chios is home to Nireus, the Mediterranean Sea’s largest fish farm and the world’s largest seabream and seabass producer. Founded in 1988, Nireus currently exports its products to more than 35 countries worldwide.

The vertically integrated company operates 64 fish farms, 6 hatcheries, 2 processing facilities, 16 packaging and distribution facilities and 2 fish feed manufacturing plants. The company recorded heavy falls in profit and sales in 2008, the result of tighter credit terms and squeezed markets. Sales fell 21 percent to €170 million, although operating margins remained healthy at 13.5 percent. The company blamed the fall in sales on a rapid drop in the price of seabream in 2008 and on the stricter credit terms resulting from financial troubles in the industry. In 2008, the group’s sales of fish farming and live agriproducts amounted to €112 million, compared with €134 million in 2007.

17

Fig. 14 Seabass and seabream prices, in Italy, origin Greece S e a ba ss - In Italy , origin: Greec e

Eu ro / k g

S e a bre a m - In Italy , origin: Greec e 19 99

200 1

1999

200 1

2 003

200 5

200 3

200 5

2 007

200 9

200 7

200 9

E u ro /k g

7.5

7.5

7.0

7.0

6.5

6.5

6.0

6.0

5.5

5.5

5.0

5.0

4.5

4.5

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0 2.5

2.5 Jan Feb

Mar A pr May Jun

Jan Feb

Jul A ug Sep Oc t Nov Dec

Mar A pr May

Jun

Jul

A ug Sep Oc t Nov Dec

In 2009, Nireus, signed an agreement with the Italian company, Tradimar, for the transport of its products. The objective of the agreement is to support the group’s European development by: improving services to customers; strengthening its market; and reducing transportation costs.

On 24 April 2007, Nireus announced the acquisition of 17.9 percent of the shares of the Norwegian Company, Marine Farms. Marine Farms had developed vertical structures for the production of seabass and seabream in Spain with an annual production capacity of 7 200 tonnes and 15 million juveniles. Thanks to its holding in the company, Nireus can count on subsidiaries in Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) and Tanzania.

Selonda, founded in 1981, is Greece’s second largest farmed fish producer, responsible for 20 percent of Greek seabass and seabream production. The Selonda group has a hatchery in Singapore and provides technical and managerial support to companies in Kuwait. In April 2007, the company acquired a 46 percent stake in Fjord Marin Turkey; their combined annual production is around 35 000 tonnes of seabass and seabream. In June 2007, Selonda reached an agreement to acquire 41 percent of the stock-listed company, Perseus, Greece’s largest producer (in terms of volume) of fish feed and aquaculture, within the framework of a plan aimed at controlling 50 percent of all Mediterranean aquaculture production by the year 2012.

A Saudi investment group, Gazadco, acquired 10 percent of Selonda shares; Selonda subsequently became a minority shareholder in an investment project of the same group in Saudi Arabia.

Dias is the third largest seabass and seabream producer in the country. Reports show that in 2008, its market size increased by 11 percent compared with 2007.

18

Other important aquaculture companies are Hellenic Fish Farming, Seafarm Ionian and Galaxidi Fish Farming. In October 2008, Hellenic Fish Farming â&#x20AC;&#x201C; once a big producer of juveniles â&#x20AC;&#x201C; went into administration and filed for protection against its creditors; at the time of writing, in July 2009, the company was still operational. Galaxidi Fish Farming is one of the oldest Greek companies producing seabream, seabass and other species.

4.4. Consumption In order to assess the national consumption of food products of aquatic origin, various data sources have been used. There are inherent differences in the methodologies applied for data collection and data from different sources are frequently incompatible; nevertheless, it is possible to identify a number of issues useful for the assessment of the national aquatic food production and consumption.

While landings from the traditional capture fisheries sector declined during the 1990s, the development of the aquaculture sector not only compensated for that loss, but contributed to the overall increase in production. With regards to the trade balance, Greece has for many years suffered a deficit, with imports being significantly higher than exports; this deficit is, however, decreasing slowly but steadily.

The marginal increase in the overall production of aquatic food products and the reduction in the respective trade deficit (with high volumes of imports maintained) is reflected in the increase of apparent consumption which rose from almost 190 000 tonnes in 1989 to over 220 000 tonnes in 2007, an almost 50 percent increase in the annual per capita consumption (from 18 to 25.2 kg). Almost no marketing strategy is present at national level for the promotion of aquatic food to the end-consumer, with the exception of the somewhat generic promotion of aquaculture products as part of an initiative by the Federation of Greek Mariculture.

Table 10 : Total Consumption of Fishery Products in Greece

TOTAL CONSUMPTION (2007) Fresh Fishery products Marine (fresh + frozen) Frozen Fishery products Other (cans, smoked, etc.)

(Source: National Statistics)

Per capita consumption in kg 25

Total consumption in tonnes 275 000

16.6 3.1

182 050 33 550

66% 12%

2.9

31 900

12%

2.5

27 500

10%

19

Population: 11,000,000 (in %) 100%

Table 11 :Share of seabass and seabream in Greek fish consumption Country

Total consumption of fishery products (kg/cap)

Consumption Seabream and seabass (kg/cap)

% of consumption of seabream and seabass in total (kg/cap)

25

1.85

7.4

Greece (Source: National Statistics)

Per capita consumption of fish, crustaceans and molluscs in Greece increased from 16.23 kg in 1961 to 25.44 kg in 1997. Consumption then declined progressively to 21 kg in 2005 (Figure 15), but rose again to 25 kg in 2007.

Fig 15:1. Seafood consumption in Greece, 1961Fig. 2005 28 26 24

kg/pc

22 20 18 16 14 12

2005

2003

2001

1999

1997

1995

1993

1991

1989

1987

1985

1983

1981

1979

1977

1975

1973

1971

1969

1967

1965

1963

1961

10

year

(source: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Information and Statistics Service, FIES).

Greek cuisine is based on a variety of foodstuffs: feta, Greek yellow cheeses, local desserts, olives, wine, butter, cod, oil and salt-preserved products.

However, eating habits are gradually changing. The popularity of organic goods is increasing as consumers demand better quality, improved taste and healthier produce.

At the same time, as life becomes increasingly busy, the consumption of frozen and convenience food grows. picture credits: Turan Rahimzadeh.

Frozen foods (mainly vegetables, French fries, fish and meat) are one of the fastest-growing markets in Greece. At present,

20

more than 50 percent of Greek consumers, mostly aged between 18 and 40, purchase readyto-eat meals for home consumption. The most popular ready-to-eat meals in Greece are pizza, souvlaki, chicken, hamburgers, pasta and Greek cooked food.

Fish consumption in Greece increased during the 1990s as a result of the promotion of the benefits of eating fish. However, between 1998 and 2003, fish consumption declined as exports of seabass and seabream increased, despite the dwindling supply both from domestic production and imports. Indeed, seabass and seabream are the most remunerative products of Greek aquaculture, and the export market is the most lucrative.

The main species for domestic consumption are demersal and cephalopods. Consumption of demersal fish species is stable at around 9 kg, while consumption of cephalopods is increasing and reached almost 4 kg in 2005. Consumption of pelagic species dropped by more than 6 percent per year between 1995 and 2005, while consumption of crustaceans increased by more than 7 percent per year in the same period (Table 12).

Table 12. Seafood consumption in Greece by group of commodities, 1995-2005 (kg/pc) Species Total

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

22.14

24.08

25.01

22.90

23.07

21.90

22.45

21.07

21.56

20.38

21.16

Freshwater and diadromous fish

1.16

1.68

1.51

3.10

1.10

1.50

2.31

1.34

1.25

1.29

1.60

Demersal fish

8.57

9.53

9.65

8.06

9.81

8.69

8.12

8.01

8.68

8.69

9.11

Pelagic fish

6.06

5.49

6.05

4.81

4.13

4.03

3.75

4.20

3.57

3.10

2.88

Marine fish, other

1.81

2.29

1.92

2.69

1.90

3.03

2.32

1.71

1.89

2.04

1.71

Crustaceans

0.74

0.85

0.86

0.74

0.78

0.83

0.98

0.92

1.07

0.97

1.27

Molluscs, excl. cephalopods

1.56

1.60

2.04

0.75

1.91

0.73

1.44

1.10

1.36

0.74

0.65

Cephalopods

2.23

2.63

2.96

2.75

3.43

3.08

3.50

3.76

3.70

3.53

3.88

Aquatic animals, others

0.02

0.01

0.00

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.05

(source: FAO FIES).

The figures for seafood consumption in Greece are not necessarily representative of the local population. The high presence of tourists should be taken into account: they tend to choose to eat seafood, especially when on holiday in the popular beach resorts of the islands.

One of the most popular fish products in Greece is octopus. Greece is in fact one of the major octopus consumers in the world, with a per capita consumption fluctuating between 0.9 and 1.3 kg per year. Octopus is eaten mainly in the restaurants, in particular by tourists coming to Greece for their summer holidays. The above figures are, therefore, no more than an indication of the level of consumption of the local population. Nevertheless, consumer surveys show that Greece is close to Japan in terms of octopus in the diet.

Greek octopus catches rose markedly between 1970 and 1995, peaking at 4 500 tonnes in 1995. Octopus catches by the Greek fleet are currently less than 3 700 tonnes. Imports stand at about 7 500 tonnes per year, and Morocco accounts for 30 percent of these imports.

Octopus grilled over an open flame is a Greek classic, and a favourite dish to serve with ouzo and wine. The tentacles of the octopus are boiled for 10 minutes until tender and then grilled over coals for 45â&#x20AC;&#x201C;60 minutes. This dish costs about euro â&#x201A;Ź7 in restaurants. Marinated octopus is another important dish, mainly served as appetizer, sometimes accompanied by salad. Octopus stewed with tomato and onions is traditionally served as a main course.

21

Table 13 : Average monthly purchases of fish by households (2005)

Fresh fish Fresh sea-food Fresh fish total Frozen fish Frozen sea-food Frozen fish total OTHER

Value (â&#x201A;Ź) 16.87 1.50 18.37 1.98 1.91 3.89

Volume (kg) 2.38 0.17 2.55 0.42 0.27 0.69

3.07

25.33

(smoked, salted, cannned)

GRAND TOTAL

% value

67% 6% 73% 8% 8% 15%

66.1% 4.7% 70.9% 11.6% 7.5% 19.1%

0.36

12%

10.0%

3.60

100%

100.0%

Population

Household

3.664.392

Months 12 (source: National Statistics Service of Greece)

Table 14: Total market estimation (2005) Value (â&#x201A;Ź)

Volume (tonnes)

Fresh fish

741.819.516

104.614

Fresh sea-food

65.959.056

7.475

Fresh fish total

807.778.572

112.089

Frozen fish

87.065.954

18.352

Frozen sea-food

83.987.865

11.873

Frozen fish total OTHER

171.053.819

30.225

(smoked, salted, canned)

134.996.201

15.862

GRAND TOTAL 1.113.828.592 (source: National Statistics Service of Greece)

22

% volume

158.176

Table 15. Total market estimation of Super Markets (2005) Participation (assumption)

Fresh fish

Fresh 40%

Frozen, Other 60% volume (tonnes)

Value (€)

Volume (tonnes)

% volume

% volume

Fresh sea-food Fresh fish total

296.727.807 26.383.622

41.845 2.99

59% 5%

58% 4%

Frozen fish

323.111.429

44.836

64%

62%

52.239.572 50.392.719

11.011 7.124

10% 10%

15% 10%

102.632.291

18.135

20%

25%

80.997.721

9.517

16%

13%

506.741.441 (source: National Statistics Service of Greece)

72.488

100%

100%

Frozen sea-food Frozen fish total

OTHER (smoked, salted, canned)

GRAND TOTAL

There are various factors influencing Greek fish consumption, including the decreasing supply of “wild” fish caught by the domestic fleet, which leads to higher imports of capture fish. At present, about 70 percent of the capture fish consumed comes from imports.

Another important factor is the growth of supermarkets against traditional stores and markets.

Retailers want prices, supply and quality to be stable – criteria which seabass and seabream are able to meet. Although supermarkets have conditioned the seafood market more slowly in Greece compared with other markets, supermarkets are nevertheless currently undergoing expansion. Private labels and discount stores have also increased in number in recent years.

Cooking habits are also changing, albeit more slowly than in other EU countries. Greek women are increasingly involved in the labour market, which means that less time is dedicated to food preparation, cooking know-how decreases and snacking increases.

Tables 16–24 show various household consumption trends for 2005, based on the household consumption survey carried out by the National Statistical Service of Greece. No major changes in consumption trends are likely to have emerged since.

23

Table 16: Average monthly expenditure of households per Urban, Semi-urban and Agricultural areas. Total Greece Urban Areas

Household Characteristics

All areas

Total

Attica

Thessaloniki

Other

Semi urban

Agricultural

113

Fish

25,33

25,84

27,91

24,98

23

28,62

21,68

1131

Fresh fish chilled or frozen

18,84

19,59

21,1

20,38

17,02

20,63

15,29

113101

Fish A’ category

3,61

4,26

5,47

3,74

2,63

3,32

1,62

113102

Fish B’ category

8,01

8,46

8,04

11,62

7,99

9,15

5,83

113103

Fish C’ category

5,25

4,87

4,82

4,51

5,08

6,17

5,93

113104

Fish frozen (A’, B’ & C’ category)

1,98

1,99

2,78

0,51

1,33

1,99

1,92

1132

Other fishery products (marine) fresh, chilled or frozen

3,41

3,24

3,55

1,93

3,25

4,83

3,13

113201

Other fishery products fresh, chilled or frozen

1,5

1,41

1,28

1,52

1,55

2,11

1,44

113202

Frozen fishery products

1,92

1,84

2,27

0,41

1,7

2,72

1,69

1133

1,49

1,4

1,39

1,55

1,35

1,48

1,83

113301

Fishery products salted, dried, smoked or in cans Salted, dried or smoked

0,43

0,47

0,57

0,37

0,34

0,52

0,29

113302

Salted cod

1,06

0,94

0,82

1,18

1,01

0,96

1,54

1134

Canned fishery products

1,58

1,61

1,87

1,11

1,38

1,67

1,43

113401

Fish in cans

1,15

1,22

1,4

0,89

1,06

1,09

0,95

113402

Fishery products in cans

0,17

0,11

0,12

0,12

0,1

0,35

0,25

113403

Fish roe

0,14

0,13

0,17

0,05

0,08

0,16

0,19

113404

Processed fishery products (pies, breaded)

0,08

0,1

0,13

0,02

0,08

0,05

0,03

113405

Precooked frozen fishery products

0,04

0,05

0,05

0,03

0,06

0,01

0,01

(source: National Statistics Service of Greece)

The highest monthly expenditure on fish consumption per household (€28.62) was recorded in semi-urban areas, followed by urban areas (€25.84); in Attica the figure was €27.91 (Table 16).

The largest proportion of a household’s monthly expenditure is on fresh chilled fish (B category): €9.15 for semi-urban areas and €11.62 for Thessaloniki (urban area). For frozen fish, the highest expenditure was €2.78 in Attica (urban areas). For canned fishery products, 24

again the highest monthly expenditure (€1.87) is in Attica; indeed, canned products are mainly distributed through the large supermarket chains which dominate retail food sales in large urban centres.

Table 17 : Average monthly expenditure of households per class of total monthly expenditure.

Household Characteristics

All households

Households with total monthly purchases

up to 750

7511100€

11011450

14511800

18012200

22012800

28013500

113

Fish

25.33

9.19

14.65

19.5

21.75

24.67

29.06

33.33

3501 & above 46.37

1131

Fresh fish chilled or frozen

18.84

7.65

11.53

14.77

16.61

18.74

21.52

24.52

32.71

113101

Fish A’ category

3.61

0.57

0.98

1.88

2.27

3.36

3.24

5.37

10.18

113102

Fish B’ category

8.01

2.57

4.65

6.33

7.01

8.05

9.76

10.23

14.11

113103

Fish C’ category

5.25

3.44

4.44

4.84

5.74

5.46

6.33

5.53

5.87

113104

Fish frozen (A’, B’ & C’ category)

1.98

1.08

1.46

1.71

1.59

1.87

2.19

3.39

2.55

1132

Other fishery products (marine) fresh, chilled or frozen

3.41

0.6

1.41

2.44

2.61

3.22

4.03

4.55

7.6

113201

Other fishery products fresh, chilled or frozen

1.5

0.18

0.39

0.89

1.15

1.45

2.04

1.85

3.59

113202

Frozen fishery products

1.92

0.42

1.03

1.55

1.46

1.77

1.99

2.7

4.01

1133

Fishery products salted, dried, smoked or in cans

1.49

0.43

0.97

1.25

1.38

1.17

1.68

2.07

2.73

113301

Salted, dried or smoked

0.43

0.05

0.15

0.27

0.35

0.31

0.73

0.53

0.95

113302

Salted cod

1.06

0.38

0.82

0.97

1.03

0.86

0.96

1.54

1.78

1134

Canned fishery products

1.58

0.51

0.74

1.04

1.15

1.53

1.82

2.19

3.32

113401

Fish in cans

1.15

0.36

0.51

0.69

0.9

1.17

1.27

1.56

2.51

113402

Fishery products in cans

0.17

0.11

0.11

0.19

0.09

0.04

0.21

0.4

0.21

113403

Fish roe

0.14

0.03

0.1

0.09

0.09

0.16

0.19

0.11

0.3

113405

Precooked frozen fishery products

0.04

0

0.02

0

0.03

0.1

0

0.02

0.12

(source: National Statistics Service of Greece)

The higher the total monthly expenditure, the higher the monthly expenditure on fish products.

25

Table 18: Average monthly expenditure by size of household

Household Characteristics

All households

Households with total monthly purchases

1 member

2 members

3 members

4 members

5 members

113 1131

Fish Fresh fish chilled or frozen

25.33 18.84

12.88 10.09

24.8 18.64

30.2 22.58

30.33 22.23

33.27 23.7

113101

Fish A’ category

3.61

1.91

3.07

5.62

4.33

3.64

113102

Fish B’ category

8.01

4.28

8.18

9.05

9.85

9.9

113103

Fish C’ category

5.25

2.65

5.62

5.94

5.75

6.96

113104

Fish frozen (A’, B’ & C’ category) Other fishery products (marine) fresh, chilled or frozen Other fishery products fresh, chilled or frozen Frozen fishery products Fishery products salted, dried, smoked or in cans Salted, dried or smoked Salted cod Canned fishery products

1.98

1.25

1.77

1.97

2.3

3.21

3.41

1.26

3.1

4.23

4.77

5.06

1.5

0.42

1.56

2.03

1.98

1.69

1.92

0.84

1.54

2.19

2.79

3.36

1.49

0.61

1.89

1.71

1.25

1.96

0.43

0.22

0.52

0.45

0.39

0.76

1.06 1.58

0.38 0.93

1.37 1.17

1.27 1.68

0.86 2.09

1.19 2.56

0.68 0.1

0.86 0.14

1.19 0.15

1.5 0.21

1.89 0.38

0.07 0.02

0.13 0.04

0.18 0.14

0.19 0.13

0.19 0.06

0.06

0.01

0.02

0.06

0.04

1132

113201

113202

1133

113301

113302 1134

113401 113402

Fish in cans 1.15 Fishery 0.17 products in cans 113403 Fish roe 0.14 113404 Processed 0.08 fishery products (pies, breaded) 113405 Precooked 0.04 frozen fishery products (source: National Statistics Service of Greece)

26

In general, the larger the size of the household, the higher the monthly expenditure for fish.

However, when a household has six members or more, a decline is observed: €31.54, compared with €33.27 for five-member households.

A large family cannot afford to consume as much fish as a five-member family: the disposable income is not sufficient.

Table19 : Average monthly expenditure of household based on the composition of the household Household Characteristics All Single Single Couple Couple houseperson person with 1 holds below 65 above 65 child up years old years old to 16 years old

113 1131

Fish Fresh fish chilled or frozen

25.33 18.84

12.24 8.97

13.4 10.99

26.32 19.81

25.06 19.48

113101 113102 113103 113104

Fish A’ category Fish B’ category Fish C’ category Fish frozen (A’. B’ & C’ category)

3.61 8.01 5.25 1.98

1.76 4.44 1.84 0.92

2.02 4.15 3.3 1.52

3.38 8.54 6 1.89

6.77 7.26 3.87 1.58

1132

Other fishery products (marine) fresh. chilled or frozen

3.41

1.36

1.18

3.29

3.43

113201

Other fishery products fresh. chilled or frozen

1.5

0.54

0.32

1.65

2.11

113202

Frozen fishery products

1.92

0.82

0.86

1.64

1.31

1133

Fishery products salted. dried. smoked or in cans

1.49

0.62

0.59

2.06

0.71

113301

Salted. dried or smoked

0.43

0.35

0.12

0.58

0.32

113302 1134

Salted cod Canned fishery products

1.06 1.58

0.27 1.3

0.47 0.64

1.47 1.16

0.39 1.44

113401 113402

Fish in cans Fishery products in cans

1.15 0.17

0.92 0.09

0.49 0.11

0.85 0.13

0.99 0.09

113403 113404

Fish roe Processed fishery products (pies. breaded)

0.14 0.08

0.1 0.04

0.04 0

0.14 0.03

0.16 0.2

113405

Precooked frozen fishery products

0.04

0.14

0

0.01

0

27

Table19 : Average monthly expenditure of household based on the composition of the household (cont) Household Characteristics Couple Couple Single Couple Other with 2 with 3 parent or single type of children children with 1 parents house up to 16 or more child or with hold years old up to 16 more up children years old to 16 above 16 years old years old

113 1131

Fish Fresh fish chilled or frozen

28.27 21.48

31.5 23.26

15.65 11.5

32.2 23.4

28.88 20.78

113101 113102 113103 113104

Fish A’ category Fish B’ category Fish C’ category Fish frozen (A’. B’ & C’ category)

5.11 9.44 4.44 2.5

2.41 12.62 6.21 2.02

0.65 7.73 2.78 0.35

4.4 9.65 7.05 2.3

3.36 8.84 6.04 2.55

1132

Other fishery products (marine) fresh. chilled or frozen

4.01

4.01

2.15

4.73

4.22

113201

Other fishery products fresh. chilled or frozen

1.57

0.94

0.96

2.25

1.48

113202

Frozen fishery products

2.44

3.07

1.2

2.49

2.74

1133

Fishery products salted. dried. smoked or in cans

0.59

1.45

1.36

2.14

1.77

113301

Salted. dried or smoked

0.24

0.98

0.86

0.51

0.45

113302 1134

Salted cod Canned fishery products

0.35 2.19

0.47 2.78

0.5 0.64

1.63 1.93

1.32 2.11

113401 113402

Fish in cans Fishery products in cans

1.41 0.18

1.7 0.74

0.42 0

1.46 0.21

1.62 0.21

113403 113404

Fish roe Processed fishery products (pies. breaded)

0.28 0.16

0.18 0.1

0.09 0.12

0.16 0.08

0.13 0.12

113405

Precooked frozen fishery products

0.15

0.07

0

0.02

0.04

(source: National Statistics Service of Greece)

The highest monthly expenditure on fish products is observed for a couple or single parent with children over 16 years old: €32.2.

28

Table 20: Average monthly expenditure by age group of household head.

All Households with head

Household Characteristics

113

Fish

25.33

up to 24 years old 4.57

1131

Fresh fish chilled or frozen Fish A’ category

18.84

3.53

12.25

18.58

22.42

21.3

20.91

15.29

3.61

0.81

2.73

4.41

4.34

3.65

3.93

2.35

113102

Fish B’ category

8.01

1.95

5.99

8.25

9.37

8.96

8.57

6.34

113103

Fish C’ category

5.25

0.63

2.36

4.04

6.39

6.32

6.39

4.72

113104

Fish frozen (A’, B’ & C’ category)

1.98

0.14

1.16

1.88

2.32

2.37

2.02

1.89

1132

Other fishery products (marine) fresh, chilled or frozen

3.41

0.23

2.17

3.18

4.84

4.1

3.72

1.91

113201

Other fishery products fresh, chilled or frozen

1.5

0.09

0.85

1.12

2.21

1.86

1.95

0.62

113202

Frozen fishery products

1.92

0.14

1.32

2.06

2.63

2.24

1.77

1.3

1133

Fishery products salted, dried, smoked or in cans Salted, dried or smoked

1.49

0.11

0.34

1.21

1.4

1.83

2.36

1.29

0.43

0.11

0.23

0.43

0.41

0.47

0.7

0.27

Salted cod

1.06

0

0.11

0.78

0.99

1.36

1.66

1.02

113101

113301

113302

Households

25 – 34 years old

35 – 44 years old

45 – 54 years old

55 – 64 years old

65 – 74 years old

16.16

25.17

30.65

28.99

28.23

75 years old and above 19.36

29

Table 20: Average monthly expenditure by age group of household head. (cont) All Households with head Household Houseup to 25 – 34 35 – 44 45 – 54 55 – 64 65 – 74 Characteristics holds 24 years years years years years years old old old old old old 1134 Canned 1.58 0.7 1.4 2.2 2 1.76 1.22 fishery products

75 years old and above 0.86

113401

Fish in cans

1.15

0.67

1.01

1.54

1.55

1.3

0.83

0.62

113402

Fishery products in cans

0.17

0.02

0.14

0.15

0.17

0.22

0.2

0.14

113403 113404

Fish roe Processed fishery products (pies, breaded)

0.14 0.08

0 0

0.09 0.11

0.25 0.15

0.17 0.09

0.1 0.08

0.13 0.06

0.1 0

113405

Precooked frozen fishery products

0.04

0.02

0.06

0.11

0.02

0.06

0

0

(source: National Statistics Service of Greece)

Table 20 shows the average monthly quantities purchased by households in urban, semi-urban and agricultural areas.

The highest volume is in semi-urban centres (3.1 kg), followed by Attica (3.03 kg).

Table 21 : Average monthly quantities purchased by households per Urban. Semi-urban and Agricultural areas. Total Greece

Household Characteristics

113 1131

Fish Fresh fish chilled or frozen

113101

All areas

Total

Urban Areas Attica Thessaloniki

Other

Semi urban

Agricultural

2796.4

2786.3

3032.18

2650.36

2459.1

3103.67

2647.34

Fish A’ category

267.41

302.99

387.54

248.26

193.32

258.41

156.03

113102

Fish B’ category

932.01

968.64

974.51

1220.2

869.39

1029.61

754.09

113103

Fish C’ category

1179.61

1084.3

1056.52

1095.27

1122.82

1413.9

1353.4

30

Table 21: Average monthly quantities purchased by households per Urban. Semi-urban and Agricultural areas. (cont)

Household Characteristics

All areas

Total

Urban Areas Attica Thessaloniki

Other

Semi urban

Agricultural

113104

Fish frozen (A’.

B’ & C’ category)

417.35

430.39

613.61

86.63

273.57

401.75

383.82

1132

Other fishery products (marine) fresh. chilled or frozen

447.34

415.49

447.33

202.98

443.06

592.16

465.98

113201

Other fishery products fresh. chilled or frozen

171.6

154.29

145.09

146.92

171

239.62

188.06

113202

Frozen fishery products

275.74

261.2

302.24

56.05

272.06

352.53

277.92

1133

Fishery products salted. dried. smoked or in cans

162.58

144.18

135.68

163.54

150.24

170.47

218.23

113301

Salted. dried or smoked

40.02

38.33

42.4

34.46

33.5

55.56

36.36

113302

Salted cod

122.56

105.85

93.28

129.09

116.75

114.92

181.87

1134

Canned fishery products

198.15

194.24

226.87

124.75

169.29

220.64

197.63

113401

Fish in cans

144

146.65

170.26

96.6

128.51

144.33

135.12

113402

Fishery products in cans

25.51

17.77

20.98

11.73

15.02

48.12

37.51

113403 113404

Fish roe Processed fishery products (pies. breaded)

14.96 9.83

12.77 11.79

15.01 15.11

9.71 2.66

10.46 9.99

21.29 5.95

18.37 5.69

(source: National Statistics Service of Greece)

31

Table 22 : Average monthly quantities purchased by households per class of total monthly expenditure.

Household Characteristics

All Households

Households with total monthly purchases up to 751110114511801750 1100€ 1450 1800€ 2200€

113 1131

Fish Fresh fish chilled or frozen

2796.4

1474.34

2095.4

2406.1

2734

2909.59

113101

Fish A’ category

267.41

47.04

89.85

152.88

186.73

263.79

113102

Fish B’ category

932.04

347.97

636.85

758.16

884.31

964.09

113103

Fish C’ category

1179.61

842.55

1080

1127

1307.5

1253.27

113104

Fish frozen (A’.

B’ & C’ category)

417.35

236.78

288.72

368.01

355.46

428.44

1132

Other fishery products (marine) fresh. chilled or frozen

447.34

121.96

227.12

365.77

356.81

421.15

113201

Other fishery products fresh. chilled or frozen

171.6

34.5

59.35

121.85

146.18

165.07

113202

Frozen fishery products

275.74

87.46

167.77

243.92

210.62

256.08

1133

Fishery products salted. dried. smoked or in cans

162.58

49.86

115.6

158.58

151.9

142.29

113301

Salted. dried or smoked

40.02

6.37

14.94

40.08

33.2

36.51

113302

Salted cod

122.56

43.49

100.65

118.5

118.7

105.79

1134

Canned fishery products

198.15

81.09

93.4

142.39

168.24

178.56

113401 113402

Fish in cans Fishery products in cans Fish roe Processed fishery products (pies. breaded)

144 25.51

55.06 22.12

61.08 17.35

93.94 29.82

134.85 11.22

147.44 4.29

14.96 9.83

2.56 1.36

10.58 0

9.21 8.84

11.12 8.19

11.72 7.54

113403 113404

(source: National Statistics Service of Greece)

32

Table 23 : Average monthly quantities purchased by households by monthly income class.

All Households with total monthly purchases Household Houseup to 75111011451180122012801- 3501 & Characteristics holds 750 1100€ 1450 1800€ 2200€ 2800€ 3500€ above

113 1131

113101

Fish Fresh fish chilled or frozen Fish A’ category

2796.4

1535.29

2157.5

2492.4

2711.3

3026

3141.6

3345.2

3989.5

267.41

50.44

130.53

155.42

230.57

220

303.97

378.45

673.24

1450

113102

Fish B’ category

932.04

463.85

646.32

810.98

918

960.5

1074.6

1144.8

113103

Fish C’ category

1179.61

807.89

1091.1

1107

1213.4

1327

1267.8

1365

1268.4

113104

Fish frozen (A’. B’ & C’ category) Other fishery products (marine) fresh. chilled or frozen Other fishery products fresh. chilled or frozen

417.35

213.12

289.61

418.98

349.27

519.1

495.31

456.97

597.94

447.34

157.62

282.96

323.74

490.47

440.4

533.28

582.89

773.13

171.6

45.96

112.77

130.86

148.4

173.2

218.82

224.89

314.98

Frozen fishery products Fishery products salted. dried. smoked or in cans

275.74

111.66

170.18

192.88

342.08

267.2

314.45

358

458.15

162.58

86.31

113.51

164.08

138.45

150.6

166.87

223.54

264.42

Salted. dried or smoked

40.02

17.13

13.78

26.72

34.44

58.76

46.44

50.33

77.6

122.56

69.19

99.73

137.36

104

91.83

120.42

173.21

186.82

1132

113201

113202

1133

113301

113302

Salted cod

33

Table 23 : Average monthly quantities purchased by households by monthly income class. (cont) All Households with total monthly purchases Household House- up to 75111011451- 1801- 22012801- 3501 & Characteristics holds 750 1100€ 1450 1800€ 2200€ 2800€ 3500€ above

1134

198.15

108.3

108.6

125.94

186.46

239.7

225.03

302.27

317.41

144 25.51

77.62 17.23

80.41 13.92

90.41 15.32

138.15 21.86

174.3 30.44

158.98 35.41

201.53 55.63

247.08 21.76

Fish roe 14.96 7.49 Processed 9.83 1.29 fishery products (pies. breaded) (source: National Statistics Service of Greece)

9.81 4.46

15.47 4.74

18.31 6.6

17.42 10.22

13.11 14.54

21.13 13.04

18.64 23.53

113401 113402

Canned fishery products Fish in cans Fishery products in cans

113403 113404

Table 24 : Average monthly quantities purchased by households.

Household Characteristics per househ old 113 Fish 1131 Fresh fish chilled or frozen 2796.4 113101 Fish A’ category 267.41 113102 Fish B’ category 932.04 113103 Fish C’ category 1179.61 113104 Fish frozen (A’. B’ & C’ category) 417.35

1132

Other fishery products (marine) fresh. chilled or frozen

113201

Other fishery products fresh. chilled or frozen

113202 1133

per person

1024.32 97.95 341.41 432.09 152.88

447.34

163.86

171.6

62.86

Frozen fishery products Fishery products salted. dried. smoked or in cans

275.74 162.58

101 59.55

113301 113302

Salted. dried or smoked Salted cod

40.02 122.56

14.66 44.89

1134 113401 113402 113403 113404

Canned fishery products Fish in cans Fishery products in cans Fish roe Processed fishery products (pies. breaded)

198.15 144 25.51 14.96 9.83

72.58 52.75 9.34 5.48 3.6

(source: National Statistics Service of Greece)

On average each household purchases around 2.8 kg/month, reflecting a per capita consumption of 1.02 kg/month of fresh, chilled or frozen fish (Table 24).

The lowest monthly consumption per household (162.5 g) is of salted, dried or smoked fish.

34

5.

MARKETING The legal framework for the distribution of aquatic food is established under EU Regulation 2406/96. The regulation establishes categories based on freshness and size in order to guarantee quality and facilitate marketing for the benefit of both producers and the consumers. Aquatic food products in general are delicate and prone to spoil if not adequately preserved. It is therefore essential that their trade is fast and efficient, taking place under strict sanitary conditions, to prevent loss of the qualitative characteristics with a consequent drop in value.

Eighty percent of Greece’s import trade is handled through sales agents or distributors that operate on a wholesale (and in some cases, retail) basis, with exclusive sales rights for certain districts or for the entire country. Import-export agents can be a useful starting point for entering the Greek seafood market. There are over 300 000 trading establishments in Greece, often small, family-owned and family-operated businesses, each dealing with a narrow range of products. There are 7 700 corporations and limited liability companies engaged in wholesale trade and another 3 200 handling retail trade.

At the end of the line, 75 percent of seafood is purchased for domestic consumption, the remaining 25 percent for use in the catering sector. Purchases for the home are divided equally between modern channels (supermarket and hypermarket chains) and traditional outlets (fishmongers and street markets).

The main supermarket and hypermarket chains in Greece are picture credits: Turan Rahimzadeh. as follows: • Carrefour (USD 1.8 billion turnover) • Alfa Beta Vassilopoulos, a member of the Delhaize Group (USD 1.2 billion) • Sklavenitis (USD 830 million) • Veropoulos, a member of the Spar group (USD 680 million) • Atlantik (USD 570 million) • Masoutis (USD 520 million) • Metro (USD 460 million) In 2008, retailing in Greece saw the slowest growth of the last decade. While inflation is relatively moderate at 3.5 percent, sales growth is not much higher. The uncertain economic environment in 2008 had direct repercussions on consumer behaviour. Fears of a collapsing banking system, combined with rising fuel prices, utility bills, interest rates and mortgage payments affecting the disposable income of consumers, made for a challenging retailing environment.

35

5.1. Supply sources There are three main supply sources of aquatic food products within the Greek market, below which a complex distribution network stems out (Figure 16) via a system of interconnected intermediaries. Unfortunately, the specific weight of each intermediary within the Greek aquatic food market chain is not systematically recorded; hence, any evaluation of market characteristics and trends can only be obtained from a small number of ad hoc studies.

The three sources of supply are linked, directly and indirectly, via a range of intermediareis to the end consumer. The principal differences are described below: (i) Landings from capture fisheries are auctioned at the 11 certified national landing sites.

Medium- and large-scale fisheries mostly sell their catches at auctions, from where they are directed to a variety of intermediaries. However, many landings are made in ports with no auction site available, in which case the catch has to be shipped or otherwise transported to the Pireus landing site (the largest national landing site). The existing system of auctions and the infrastructure of the landing sites do not meet the modern standards of trade and aquatic food distribution.

The distribution and marketing network is in practice controlled – albeit indirectly – by a small number of wholesalers who dominate the market at the expense of the producer and the consumer. Prices are not regulated, and at the auctions, the catch is sold through intermediaries (“representatives”, who charge a commission for their services), as most producers are not able to be present at the auction site, especially when their factories are far away. Indeed, the greatest problem in the current system of marketing and distribution of the wild catch is the producer’s dependence on the wholesaler or representative.

Furthermore, fishing boats do not always form economically viable enterprise entities, and are usually burdened with loans in addition to their high running costs. Such loans are often provided by the wholesalers, who in return “demand” the sale and marketing of the catch. The wholesalers can even take unsold catch from one auction site to another if it is not sold at the first landing site. The wholesalers have become the regulators of the aquatic food distribution network. Wholesalers demand under-valued invoices and low-recorded quantities; likewise, when producers sell their catch directly, they too issue under-valued invoices in order to keep their taxable income low.

High-sea catches are mainly landed in the ports of western Africa; they are then shipped or transferred by cargo plane to Greece to meet national demand.

Finally, small-scale coastal fishermen sell their catch mainly to the local markets, either through the coastal wholesalers or directly to restaurants, hotels, taverns and even household consumers. The quantities landed are in general very low, but the species caught are mostly high-value, and the local markets, particularly in the tourist season, command satisfactory prices. This channel is evidently important, albeit poorly recorded.

36

Fig. 16 Value chains for Greek fishery products

Aquaculture Production

Capture fisheries landings

Aquatic-food imports

Landing site

Importers

(auctions)

Processors Coastal W holesalers Aquatic-food wholesalers

Distribution

Large retailers

Companies

(super-markets etc)

Traditional retailers

Catering (industrial & traditional)

Final consumer

(ii) Aquatic food imports pass through importers, whose network supplies most parts of the market chain. The marketing and distribution system faces various obstacles: the low financial status of the producers; the delicate nature of the products and their short shelf-life; and the lack of knowledge of the supply-demand mechanisms that shape the market. The lack of efficient producersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; associations at all levels means that producers cannot intervene in the market and regulate supply through an efficient resource and product management plan.

Wholesalers and retailers are not willing to see their profits decrease and the consumer is therefore burdened with any additional costs. New wholesalers cannot easily enter the network and producers are prevented from distributing their catch directly to the consumers.

Moreover, wholesalers apply practices that distort the free-market forces, creating conditions of monopoly or oligopoly so as to add a significant amount to the price paid to the producers for services which do not justify such an increase. The retailers then â&#x20AC;&#x153;transferâ&#x20AC;? the demands of the wholesalers to the consumer. (iii) Aquaculture products follow a different distribution pattern, in particular in the first stages of the chain. They are marketed directly by the producers or specialist trading companies. The greatest market for Greek aquaculture products is Italy, followed by France, Spain, UK and Germany; indeed, the majority of national aquaculture production is exported and the national market is still to be fully exploited. The flow of aquaculture products within the market chain is expected to undergo significant changes, particularly with regard to the

37

importance of each intermediate stage. There has been an uncontrolled increase in production without a parallel rise in consumption, resulting in a sharp reduction in prices; at the same time, low production costs and prices in developing countries have created a competitive environment with little price regulation.

The marketing and distribution of processed aquatic food products operates as a homogeneous system, despite the specific differences inherent to the characteristics of each species or product type and form. If the final product is salted, smoked or canned, it goes from the processing companies direct to the final retailer (mainly the supermarkets). If the final product is frozen, it is stored in large freezing rooms which normally belong to import companies.

Import companies address two different types of customer and are not concerned with distribution: • Wholesalers – absorb the main bulk of the frozen catch and often have packaging facilities; clients are supermarkets, frozen-food department stores and the catering industry, through which the products reach the consumers.

• Processing units – use imported frozen aquatic food as raw material for subsequent processing; marketing and distribution takes place either through the same processing companies or via a system of wholesalers and representatives.

In 2008, the top retailing brands were AB Vassilopoulos (of Alfa Beta Vassilopoulos) and Sklavenitis (of Sklavenitis J. & S.). Both companies are based in Athens; given that the city is home to nearly 40 percent of the country’s population, it is not surprising that these brands top the sales in Greece as a whole. Although Alfa Beta Vassilopoulos has been developing its network in other areas of the country over the last 5 years, Sklavenitis J. & S. remains a totally Athens-based operation. Supermarkets play a leading role in the Greek retail sector, accounting for almost 20 percent of all retail sales in 2008 (an increase on 2007).

5.2. Market potential There are 11 state-operated fish landing sites, located close to the cities of Piraeus, Thessaloniki, Kavala, Halkida, Alexandroupolis, Patra, Chios, Preveza, Messolongi, Kalymnos and Chania. The landing sites are located in ports with specific areas allocated for the landing, preservation and auctioning of the catch.

Fishing vessels that do not have access to the landing sites are served by small fishing centres within the ports; however, these centres often lack even the basic storage, ice-producing and selling facilities. Moreover, what tends to happen is that fishing vessels land and sell their catch in the existing commercial and tourist ports of the country.

The market trends of the western and westernized world are already affecting the national seafood market. The pace of modern life, the need for healthier food products, the demand for convenience and the increased retailing power of the supermarkets have all contributed to the increase in the consumption of seafood by Greek consumers. There are other interrelated reasons for the upward trend in seafood consumption: increasing imports of frozen and processed products, improvement of the existing processing infrastructure and the development of mariculture (with guarantee of quality, constant supplies and lower prices).

38

There has been little marketing effort by producers and retailers, only a brief and generic campaign by the Federation of Greek Mariculture and some sales and promotion initiatives in retail stores.

There is very little qualitative information about consumers’ preferences and habits and their attitude towards seafood products. Moreover, as there is no ongoing consumer panel survey, it is not possible to monitor the market for food products of aquatic origin; no correlation can be made between these products and other food products when external factors condition the market.

Aquaculture products have certainly contributed to the increased rate of apparent consumption, thanks to their price and availability. Just 15 years ago, fresh seabass and seabream (cultured) were considered a delicacy, while nowadays, thanks to the production volumes achieved, they are listed as “commodities”.

The implementation of marketing strategies is important in order to increase consumption of products of aquatic origin. Such strategies could be drawn up from marketing and consumer studies based on the evaluation and assessment of data regarding urbanization and other sociodemographic, economic and lifestyle-related issues. However, no such strategies are applied and the national market is left on its own to determine matters of supply and demand.

Action is, therefore, required to penetrate and exploit this market which offers great potential.

Data collection mechanisms need to be established, and marketing and promotional activities must target specific population groups that are ready to accept such products. The industry also needs to identify national and international (i.e. tourism) needs in order to meet demand.

In general, the consumption of fish (especially those high in lipids) and seafood has been reported to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, possibly because these foods contain high quantities of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Fish and seafood can substitute – physiologically – meat and eggs, but for culinary, practical and economic reasons, about one serving per day is the general recommendation.

Fish consumption in Greece has been increasing since 1995 together with public awareness that seafood is healthy and a valid substitute for meat. The seafood market in Greece is currently worth €312 million, of which imported fish and seafood products have a value of €5 million (2004 data). Annual per capita consumption of seafood was 25 kg in 2007. The total consumption of frozen fish and seafood products reached 62 000 tonnes in 2001, 32 000 tonnes of which were processed seafood products.

The frozen fish and seafood markets offer great potential due to changing lifestyles. Semicooked fish products have recently entered the market and trends are positive. There is also high demand for frozen foodstuffs, with good growth potential, especially in big cities and tourist locations.

The Greek processing industry accounts for the bulk of imported frozen seafood products.

The sector is undergoing rapid growth, creating another market for imported fish. Prepared fish products must be accompanied by veterinarian certificates and must originate from production facilities included in the list of EU-approved plants.

39

5.3. Consumer demand Fishery products in their fresh form are sensitive, perishable goods, i.e. they easily lose their special qualitative characteristics on which their high price depends. For this purpose, their marketing and distribution requires rapid procedures and organized logistics, meeting high standards of hygiene which must be guaranteed via sanitary and veterinary controls and inspections. Alternatively, these products can be slightly processed in order to ensure their “quality” and maintain their nutritious value.

Frozen fishery products, on the other hand, have the advantage that, once processed, they remain qualitatively intact and almost as nutritious as fresh products – if preserved under the right humidity and temperature conditions. Although in most cases they maintain the same nutritious value as fresh products, consumers often consider them of inferior quality because they do not know the day that they were fished.

In general, a higher standard of living and changes in lifestyle have resulted in demands from Greek consumers for high-quality products. The marketing and distribution sector together with the processing industry must respond to this demand and satisfy the needs of this evolving market. The Greek fishing industry needs to achieve the right organizational structure, with effective marketing and distribution networks, as well as modern facilities for storage, processing, standardization and transformation of the products – all prerequisites if the product is to reach the final consumer in optimum condition.

The fact that the Greek fisheries sector traditionally satisfies homogeneous needs means that a relatively small range of products are offered; there are very few substantial differences and products are targeted towards a very wide consumer group. Unfortunately, this approach (often referred to as “mass” or “undifferentiated”) is still widely used by the vast majority of producers (fresh, frozen, processed). However, from a strategic point of view, it is incorrect to consider consumers as a homogeneous group.

In reality, there are considerable differences between regions and social groups in terms of consumer behaviour. Therefore, as for other food items, different consumer groups should be taken into account. Firms involved in the production, processing, distribution and marketing of fishery products (especially those present in international markets) should vary their approach according to a studied segmentation of the market. The main goal of market segmentation is to match the various groups depending on: their characteristics, the assessment of their reaction to the various sales techniques, and the estimated effort required for specific promotion initiatives.

The documentation of dietary habits is a necessary part of planning, implementing and monitoring national food and nutrition policies. In Greece, food consumption data mostly derive from small surveys undertaken at specific time points to understand the food intake of individuals.

Household budget surveys (HBS) collect information on food availability at household level.

In Greece, HBS are conducted by the National Statistical Service every 4 to 5 years, using country-representative household samples. As with food balance sheets, HBS are used to follow trends in food availability, but at household level. HBS data can provide a detailed description of the dietary choices of the population and population subgroups.

40

Individual availability was estimated without making allowances for the proportion of food that was edible and under the assumption of equal distribution of food within the household and during the survey period.

Food availability was further estimated according to the following sociodemographic characteristics: • • •

Education of the head of the household Occupation of the head of the household Household composition

Education was classified under the following five categories, on the basis of the educational attainment of the head of the household: • • • • •

Illiterate (or elementary education not completed) Elementary education completed Secondary education not completed Secondary education completed College/university education

Occupation was classified under the following four categories, on the basis of the occupational status and profession (if employed) of the head of the household: • Non-manual • Manual • Retired • Other (student, housewife, unemployed, invalid) Under household composition, eight types of household are considered. The classification scheme aims to reflect the number and age of household members (children ≤ 18; adults 19– 65; elderly > 65). It should be noted that the following household types do not correspond to all possible combinations; they were selected in an attempt to focus on households of public health interest.

• • • • • • • •

Households with 1 adult member Households with 2 adult members Households with 1 adult member plus children (lone parents) Households with 2 adult members plus children Households with adults and elderly members Households with children, adults and elderly members Households with 1 elderly member Households with 2 elderly members

In general, single households registered higher food availability: living together seems to have an effect on the food preferences of Greek adults, since adults living alone reported purchasing larger quantities of fish and seafood.

41

Table 25: SUPERMARKET CHAINS IN GREECE 2006 Supermarket Supermarket/ AREA Independents Chains Athens Metropolitan area 149 771 Rest of Attica 32 87 Thessaloniki 68 294 East Macedonia & Thrace 74 88 Central Macedonia 129 216 Western Macedonia 44 92 Hepiros 63 76 Ionian Islands 116 48 Thessaly 82 164 Sterea 98 111 Western Greece 144 139 Peloponese 126 142 Crete 77 114 Northern Aegean 52 43 Southern Aegean 218 64

GRAND TOTAL

1.472

(source: Data bank of Comcenter Publications)

42

2.449

Total

920 119 362 162 345 136 139 164 246 209 283 268 191 95 282

3.921

Table 26: GREEK HO.RE.CA. MARKET POINTS OF SUPPLY – DISTRIBUTION POINTS OF CATEGORGY SALES

2007 (εκτ.)

13.067.200

932

10.095.378

13.378.234

0.56%

401

60.454.879

80.114.381

3.38%

28

83.932.502

111.226.764

4.69%

1.361

164.343.361

217.786.669

9.19%

81.3%

980.029.980 210.620.478 1.190.650.458

41.34% 8.89% 50.23%

185.0% 185.7%

12.7

669.112.252 143.800.440 812.912.692

283.692.890 197.725.347 481.418.237

11.97% 8.34% 20.31%

203.0% 204.0%

7.8

193.690.389 134.996.332 328.686.721

4.7

269.992.663

395.450.694

16.68%

205.0%

139

58.107.117

85.107.867

3.59%

182.0%

1.469.699.193

2.152.627.257

90.81%

193.0%

GRANT TOTAL HO.RE.CA 26.7 1.634.042.554 (source: Data bank of Comcenter Publications)

2.370.413.926

100%

Kindergarden Elementary schools High schools / lyceum Higher education TOTAL EDUCATION

800 50 50 32

Public Hospitals Private Hospitals Nursing homes TOTAL HEALTH SECTOR

128 213 60

Army Prisons TOTAL

28

Restaurants – Taverns Rizza RESTAURANTS

10.4 2.3

Fast Food Souvlaki – Snacks FAST FOOD TOTAL

1400 6400

HOTELS

4700

TOTAL PRIVATE SECTOR

0.55%

-

TOTAL PUBLIC HOSPITALS & SOCIAL SERVICES

Autoroutes Railway Airports Flight Catering Vessel & Cruise Catering TOTAL TRANSPORT

Sector

%CONTRIBUTION TO TURN OVER 2007

2000 9.860.602

PUBLIC SERVICES

Category -

SALES FROM SUPPLIERS

% DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SALES PRICE VS MARKET PRICE 0.61%

44 50 45

25.339

43

5.4. Fish Auction Halls There are 11 fish auction halls located around Greece, all operated by the state-owned company, Etanal. Most of the infrastructure facilities were constructed during the 1960s and efforts to modernize them have been hindered by limitations of space. As a result, the modern requirements for landing, storing and auctioning are not met efficiently and satisfactorily and the majority of these sites do not comply with the regulations set out in Directive 91/493.

Modernization is, therefore, imperative. A mere nine species account for over 60 percent of the landings distributed. It should be stressed that while the volume of aquatic food products distributed through these landing sites increased by 3 percent between 2003 and 2006, they still account for a mere 4 percent of total national production.

Most small-scale coastal vessels do not land their catches through the official fish auction halls. Consequently, around 60 percent of total Greek fishery production remains officially unrecorded and the real annual catches can only be estimated by assessing a variety of sources.

Appendix II shows the volume, value and species landed in all 11 fish auction halls during 2003â&#x20AC;&#x201C;06.

44

6. REFERENCES: 6.1. Introduction Catarci. C. 2004. World tuna markets. FAO/GLOBEFISH Research Programme. vol. 74 FAO. Rome. 135pp.

Catarci. C. 2007. Fish Trade Regulations on the Web. Available at: http://www.globefish.org/index.php?id=3206.

Eur-Lex. Access to the European Union law. Available at: http://eurlex.europa.eu/en/index.htm.

European Commission – Fisheries Directorate-General. 2008. Bilateral fisheries partnership agreements between the EC and third countries. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/external_relations/bilateral_agreements_en.htm.

European Commission – Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General. 2008.

EU import conditions for seafood and other fishery products. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/food/international/trade/im_cond_fish_en.pdf.

European Commission – Taxation and Customs Union Directorate-General. 2008. The Integrated Tariff of the Community (TARIC). Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds/tarhome_en.htm.

European Commission – Trade Directorate-General. 2008a. Generalised System of Preferences. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/trade/issues/newround/doha_da/index_en.htm.

European Commission – Trade Directorate-General. 2008b. The Doha Development Agenda. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/trade/issues/newround/doha_da/index_en.htm.

European Commission – Trade Directorate-General. 2008c. Trade and Development.

Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/trade/issues/global/development/index_en.htm.

EUROSTAT data. Available at: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/newxtweb/.

FAO FISHSTAT Plus data. Available at: http://www.fao.org/fishery/topic/16073.

Gustave – du goût et des couleurs. Coquilles St. Jacques gratinées. Available at: http://www.gustave.tv/recettes/124/coquilles-saint-jacques-gratinees.html.

Josupeit. H. 2008. World octopus markets. FAO/GLOBEFISH Research Programme. vol. 94. FAO. Rome. 65pp.

Oceanic Développement. Poseidon Aquatic Resource Management Ltd. and Megapesca.

2005. La filière thonière européenne. bilan économique. perspective et analyse des impacts de la libéralisation des échanges. Convention spécifique SC12. Rapport final. Novembre 2005.

Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/publications/studies/tuna_2005_fr.pdf.

45

Trade Statistics of Japan. Homepage. Available at: http://www.customs.go.jp/toukei/info/tsdl_e.htm.

6.2. Greece Carrefour. Homepage. Available at: http://www.carrefour.com.

Catarci. C. 2007. Seabass and seabream: a European industry. P. 25-27 in FAO/GLOBEFISH Seafood Highlights 1/2007. FAO. Rome. 36pp.

EUROFISH. The Greek fish industry: World leader for seabass and seabream. Available at: http://www.eurofish.dk/indexSub.php?id=1676&easysitestatid=-1856803700.

EUROSTAT data. Available at: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/newxtweb/.

FAO FISHSTAT Plus data. Available at: http://www.fao.org/fishery/topic/16073.

FAO. Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles. Available at: http://www.fao.org/fishery/countryprofiles/search.

SeaWeb. Aquaculture Issues: Offshore Aquaculture. Available at: http://www.seaweb.org/resources/aquaculturecenter/documents/Aquaculture.Offshore.pdf.

United States Department of Agriculture. 2004. Greece Retail Food Sector Annual 2004.

USDA Global Agriculture Information Network (GAIN) Report GR4031. Available at: http://www.fas.usda.gov/gainfiles/200411/146118043.pdf.

46

Annex I: Detailed import table Greek seafood import quantities, values and unit values by main commodity.

Commodity 23012000 - Fish meal

15042090 - Fish oil

03074938 - Frozen Loligo squid

03026999 - Edible fresh saltwater fish

03075910 - Frozen octopus

16041411 - Canned tuna in oil

03074959 - Frozen squid Notodarus spp. and Sepioteuthis spp. (exc. Ommastrephes spp.)

03037998 - Frozen saltwater fish

03042019 - Frozen fillets of freshwater fish Commodity 03056200 - Cod, salted or in brine

1 000 t million € €/kg 1 000 t million € €/kg

1995 31.12 15.98 0.51 0.51 0.31 0.60

1996 33.01 19.10 0.58 1.36 0.77 0.56

1997 36.36 23.48 0.65 1.12 0.69 0.61

1998 41.40 30.99 0.75 1.54 1.35 0.88

1999 39.83 24.82 0.62 1.67 1.03 0.62

2000 57.16 34.71 0.61 4.37 2.14 0.49

2001 89.55 57.72 0.64 9.52 4.71 0.49

2002 83.73 68.42 0.82 12.44 8.86 0.71

2003 73.78 57.79 0.78 6.54 4.57 0.70

2004 59.81 38.28 0.64 10.24 6.22 0.61

2005 85.81 54.01 0.63 15.24 9.56 0.63

2006 84.52 70.53 0.83 14.42 12.05 0.84

2007 91.15 90.35 0.99 19.44 16.38 0.84

2008 95.64 79.59 0.83 14.45 16.12 1.12

1 000 t million € €/kg

2.95 3.96 1.34

7.12 11.28 1.58

9.82 17.99 1.83

5.76 13.58 2.36

8.79 11.29 1.28

9.34 14.59 1.56

9.62 14.72 1.53

9.57 14.30 1.49

9.63 17.39 1.80

9.25 14.91 1.61

7.63 12.50 1.64

10.66 23.36 2.19

6.04 13.46 2.23

5.92 14.03 2.37

1 000 t million € €/kg 1 000 t million € €/kg 1 000 t million € €/kg

0.00 0.00 0.00 4.16 15.91 3.82 0.00 0.00 0.00

5.88 24.07 4.09 4.69 18.46 3.93 0.00 0.00 0.00

7.04 28.05 3.98 5.33 25.51 4.79 3.29 13.45 4.09

8.88 35.10 3.95 5.70 22.91 4.02 3.71 13.43 3.62

9.22 40.96 4.44 7.42 25.40 3.42 4.04 14.97 3.70

9.12 42.78 4.69 7.30 22.24 3.04 4.06 14.28 3.51

0.00 0.00 0.00 6.37 26.12 4.10 4.20 14.56 3.47

8.34 50.01 6.00 8.65 44.71 5.17 4.57 15.87 3.47

8.73 49.61 5.68 7.63 42.41 5.56 5.66 19.45 3.44

7.63 50.75 6.65 4.64 25.33 5.46 5.05 18.07 3.58

8.22 48.37 5.89 6.87 35.24 5.13 4.31 14.38 3.34

7.63 53.43 7.00 6.73 32.04 4.76 5.37 19.77 3.68

5.21 32.99 6.33 4.59 24.27 5.29 4.60 19.43 4.22

5.57 31.42 5.64 6.06 37.33 6.16 4.20 20.55 4.89

1 000 t million € €/kg

0.25 0.30 1.16

0.72 0.72 1.01

2.28 3.27 1.43

6.75 7.13 1.06

5.49 5.57 1.01

3.97 5.36 1.35

7.05 9.15 1.30

6.70 6.75 1.01

7.30 6.41 0.88

4.05 4.61 1.14

8.06 10.87 1.35

5.01 5.84 1.17

3.30 3.29 1.00

2.48 3.25 1.31

1 000 t million € €/kg 1 000 t million € €/kg

0.00 0.00 0.00 1.74 4.25 2.45 1995

0.00 0.00 0.00 2.92 8.48 2.90 1996

0.00 0.00 0.00 3.36 8.47 2.52 1997

0.00 0.00 0.00 3.17 8.12 2.56 1998

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.87 2.58 2.98 1999

0.00 0.00 0.00 1.49 5.10 3.43 2000

4.81 10.02 2.08 1.92 6.81 3.55 2001

3.00 5.20 1.73 2.19 8.78 4.01 2002

4.92 6.65 1.35 2.44 8.10 3.32 2003

4.47 6.42 1.44 2.85 6.88 2.42 2004

4.74 6.99 1.47 4.02 11.86 2.95 2005

4.96 9.24 1.86 4.63 14.48 3.13 2006

3.43 6.78 1.98 2.33 6.61 2.84 2007

9.85 7.61 0.77 2.41 5.88 2.44 2008

1 000 t million € €/kg

4.74 14.64 3.09

6.44 19.35 3.01

7.31 22.79 3.12

6.27 25.84 4.12

5.97 28.51 4.78

5.34 24.94 4.68

4.69 23.12 4.93

2.91 13.72 4.71

3.38 15.18 4.50

3.31 26.24 7.93

3.74 17.95 4.81

4.20 22.31 5.31

4.67 28.57 6.12

3.76 23.13 6.15

47

16041411 - Canned tuna not in oil

03074918 - Frozen cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis and Rossia macrostoma)

03037812 - Frozen Argentine hake (Merluccius hubbsi)

03061350 - Frozen Penaeus shrimp, cooked by steaming or boiling in water 03076000 - Snails, live, fresh, frozen and cured (excluding sea snails)

23099010 - Fish meal

16059030 - Canned snails and molluscs (excl. Mytilus spp. and Perna spp.)

Commodity 03026994 - fresh or chilled seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

16041319 - Canned sardines

03042031 – Frozen fillets of coalfish (Pollachius virens)

1 000 t million € €/kg 1 000 t

0.38 1.74 4.58 0.84

0.81 2.90 3.60 0.69

1.10 4.65 4.24 1.27

0.91 4.28 4.71 1.89

1.36 5.30 3.89 1.16

1.35 5.41 4.02 1.96

1.42 5.54 3.89 2.02

1.84 7.96 4.32 2.96

1.88 7.53 4.00 2.72

1.94 7.68 3.96 2.47

1.78 7.20 4.04 3.26

2.48 8.99 3.62 2.40

2.16 9.46 4.37 2.21

2.08 10.41 5.01 1.44

million € €/kg

2.05 2.46

1.41 2.04

3.43 2.70

5.09 2.69

2.62 2.25

4.93 2.51

5.23 2.59

7.24 2.45

6.85 2.52

5.49 2.22

7.65 2.35

6.56 2.74

6.71 3.03

4.41 3.06

1 000 t million € €/kg

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

4.74 5.15 1.09

4.11 4.59 1.12

3.56 4.94 1.39

1.70 2.62 1.54

1.92 3.48 1.82

1.76 2.85 1.62

2.30 3.25 1.41

2.50 3.32 1.33

2.02 2.77 1.37

2.33 4.10 1.76

1.21 2.44 2.01

1.44 3.51 2.43

1 000 t million € €/kg

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.07 0.65 8.84

0.25 2.17 8.88

0.52 4.15 8.04

0.62 5.98 9.68

0.85 7.48 8.85

1.13 7.48 6.63

1.48 10.63 7.20

1.97 11.92 6.05

1.48 10.90 7.34

2.27 16.44 7.23

2.01 13.29 6.61

1.74 11.25 6.45

1 000 t million € €/kg 1 000 t million € €/kg

2.96 8.26 2.79 0.36 0.29 0.81

4.06 7.64 1.88 0.54 0.49 0.92

4.74 8.88 1.87 1.03 1.00 0.97

4.13 7.98 1.93 0.82 0.72 0.88

3.46 6.12 1.77 2.20 1.70 0.77

2.95 6.24 2.12 2.01 1.58 0.79

2.47 5.74 2.33 3.40 2.56 0.75

2.01 5.53 2.75 0.83 0.76 0.92

2.15 6.89 3.21 2.84 2.67 0.94

1.41 3.38 2.40 2.32 2.59 1.12

1.41 2.47 1.74 2.88 3.07 1.06

1.96 3.69 1.88 1.91 1.78 0.93

1.34 1.63 1.22 4.78 1.10 0.23

1.01 2.47 2.45 2.23 0.48 0.21

1 000 t

1.66

2.91

3.26

0.56

2.10

2.76

1.69

2.65

1.35

1.69

2.31

1.85

1.09

1.16

million € €/kg

2.72 1.64 1995

4.54 1.56 1996

5.72 1.76 1997

1.95 3.51 1998

4.10 1.96 1999

5.87 2.12 2000

4.22 2.50 2001

6.31 2.38 2002

3.95 2.92 2003

6.03 3.58 2004

8.38 3.62 2005

8.39 4.55 2006

5.18 4.76 2007

5.11 4.41 2008

1 000 t million € €/kg 1 000 t million € €/kg 1 000 t million €

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.53 2.08 0.20 0.40

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.43 1.01 2.34 0.15 0.31

0.12 0.44 3.56 0.79 1.75 2.22 0.27 0.54

0.11 0.65 5.87 0.61 1.30 2.15 0.09 0.20

0.53 2.13 4.01 0.76 1.61 2.11 0.57 1.56

0.15 0.86 5.58 0.71 1.54 2.18 0.82 1.98

0.65 4.21 6.46 0.83 2.04 2.44 0.73 1.83

0.82 3.59 4.36 1.06 2.66 2.51 0.90 2.49

0.36 2.07 5.71 0.90 2.39 2.65 0.85 1.97

1.10 5.24 4.77 1.03 2.57 2.50 0.86 1.67

0.74 3.23 4.37 1.20 2.94 2.45 1.21 2.34

1.76 7.02 3.98 1.46 3.51 2.41 1.41 3.38

2.03 7.44 3.67 0.91 3.08 3.38 0.96 2.23

1.67 7.07 4.23 0.93 3.37 3.61 1.06 2.67

48

03061380 - Frozen shrimp and prawns, excluding Crangon spp Pandalidae, Parapenaeus longirostris and Penaeus spp.

03037430 - Frozen mackerel (Scomber scombrus and S. japonicus)

03037935 - Frozen redfish (Sebastes marinus)

03037971 - Frozen seabream (Dentex dentex + Pagellus spp.)

3021900 - Fresh or chilled Salmonidae (excl. trout and Atlantic/Pacific/Danube salmon) Grand Total Grand Total

€/kg

2.04

2.03

2.03

2.20

2.76

2.42

2.49

2.77

2.32

1.94

1.93

2.40

2.33

2.52

1 000 t

0.00

0.00

0.70

1.43

1.22

1.67

2.15

1.99

1.81

1.70

1.69

1.29

2.01

1.74

million € €/kg 1 000 t

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

5.12 7.27 0.00

11.37 7.96 0.00

9.21 7.56 0.00

12.99 7.79 1.20

16.24 7.55 1.06

12.98 6.51 0.62

14.39 7.95 0.70

12.09 7.13 1.41

12.85 7.60 1.46

9.91 7.70 1.25

12.43 6.19 1.56

9.27 5.32 0.89

million € €/kg

0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00

1.02 0.85

1.16 1.10

0.58 0.94

0.69 0.99

1.24 0.88

1.54 1.05

1.33 1.06

1.42 0.91

1.06 1.19

1 000 t million € €/kg 1 000 t million € €/kg

1.63 3.21 1.97 2.33 3.02 1.29

3.24 5.86 1.81 2.64 4.16 1.58

1.98 3.97 2.01 2.75 4.62 1.68

2.06 4.37 2.12 1.80 3.13 1.74

2.50 5.17 2.07 2.03 3.67 1.81

2.40 5.91 2.47 1.95 4.18 2.14

2.37 5.92 2.49 1.70 3.00 1.76

1.67 5.30 3.17 1.17 2.37 2.02

1.64 3.56 2.17 1.48 2.98 2.01

1.69 3.51 2.07 1.44 2.74 1.90

1.28 3.68 2.88 1.09 2.00 1.83

1.20 3.93 3.26 1.17 2.51 2.14

0.80 2.11 2.65 0.73 1.59 2.17

0.80 2.09 2.61 0.51 1.05 2.06

1 000 t million € €/kg 1 000 t million € €/kg

0.07 0.18 2.51 104.97 176.86 1.68

0.08 0.31 3.92 121.79 238.68 1.96

0.28 0.66 2.38 135.47 284.95 2.10

0.46 1.14 2.47 135.75 298.28 2.20

0.35 1.31 3.72 145.59 311.56 2.14

0.11 0.68 5.92 161.89 343.81 2.12

0.16 0.86 5.27 205.32 93.20 1.92

0.39 1.02 2.62 192.68 409.70 2.13

0.30 0.81 2.75 186.79 406.22 2.17

0.47 1.90 3.99 172.75 385.91 2.23

0.61 2.16 3.52 211.15 417.72 1.98

1.12 3.32 2.97 209.10 473.65 2.27

2.51 8.07 3.22 209.53 470.69 2.25

1.94 8.28 4.26 219.11 463.82 2.12

49

Annex 2: Auction Halls Total landings in Greek fish Auction Halls 2003-2006 2003

SPECIES

Sand smelt

Lobster

Fish raw

Clams

Sea urchins

Hake

Salted cod

Thornback ray

Grey mullet

Stone bass

Gurnard

Black-mouthed godfish

WEIGHT

2004

VALUE

BOXES

WEIGHT

2005

VALUE

2006

BOXES

WEIGHT

BOXES

WEIGHT

800.872,00

1.328.507,67

122.990,00

829.919,00

1.398.693,07

128.481,00

1.056.281,00

1.825.475,46

VALUE

131.811,00

1.072.633,00

1.807.214,14

VALUE

26.533,00

568.397,83

4.853,00

36.985,00

726.353,02

5.868,00

39.593,00

740.832,91

7.751,00

68.628,00

1.331.711,98

23,00

1.162,35

27,00

127,00

8.014,89

6,00

21,00

1.079,25

7,00

18,00

1.293,25

26.688,00

156.392,27

565,00

5.417,00

48.198,70

50,00

454,00

3.329,60

44,00

295,00

2.312,04

1.597,00

11.824,33

657,00

7.655,00

62.310,10

549,00

5.135,00

35.766,80

519,00

5.408,00

35.526,50

3.182.432,00

18.888.698,97

389.414,00

3.505.481,00

21.009.645,32

333.140,00

3.010.697,00

19.805.057,43

408.297,00

3.607.628,00

23.322.556,16

2.752,00

6.976,85

295,00

2.806,00

7.311,30

108,00

829,00

2.266,90

173,00

1.418,00

3.815,10

376.149,00

904.591,80

35.194,00

326.948,00

859.730,54

35.865,00

309.857,00

927.039,96

27.025,00

276.564,00

932.928,74

6.117,00

6.940,36

375,00

5.921,00

7.164,55

463,00

4.929,00

3.572,90

627,00

6.698,00

7.357,66

46.653,00

410.412,89

3.937,00

40.678,00

393.761,09

4.305,00

47.193,00

458.916,84

2.988,00

33.847,00

359.399,55

347.019,00

532.301,01

40.866,00

395.928,00

624.056,91

39.403,00

386.551,00

669.908,94

37.738,00

364.810,00

623.115,87

325.153,00

1.253.769,38

32.681,00

280.804,00

1.113.378,58

29.811,00

254.500,00

1.003.369,47

32.797,00

279.675,00

1.291.119,88

Common prawn

1.374.136,00

3.666.308,35

156.405,00

1.626.396,00

3.923.205,31

121.303,00

1.221.315,00

4.797.748,38

145.680,00

1.509.105,00

4.955.847,09

Shrimp common

953.151,00

6.599.939,66

133.353,00

1.245.691,00

6.937.118,50

144.024,00

1.362.421,00

8.035.117,83

158.273,00

1.506.406,00

6.984.358,25

Grey mullet

Anchovy

Cockles

Sole

Large bogue

Bogue

Wels catfish

Triger fish

7.019,00

13.169,87

613,00

6.026,00

11.605,47

282.372,00

2.915.960,00

5.436.535,58

28.228,00

309.403,00

878.855,81

10.485.551,00

13.756.855,38

888.592,00

9.159.614,00

16.580.457,43

605.632,00

5.895.795,00

10.414.936,75

1.045.545,00

10.577.859,00

17.127.409,07

15.371,00

78.157,23

788,00

7.840,00

55.735,64

1.393,00

13.567,00

90.530,25

1.499,00

12.854,00

90.498,05

472.274,00

4.305.038,50

64.796,00

458.043,00

4.768.496,44

65.498,00

443.932,00

4.992.048,56

63.022,00

422.580,00

5.221.340,22

30,00

20,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

2.531.821,00

4.591.043,76

264.103,00

2.633.538,00

4.849.689,94

323.473,00

3.248.634,00

5.619.256,83

277.444,00

2.703.117,00

5.197.251,48

10.548,00

27.387,26

734,00

6.528,00

20.067,29

1.219,00

7.391,00

24.796,51

905,00

8.738,00

32.208,75

167,00

334,09

5,00

56,00

135,85

26,00

271,00

593,00

9,00

218,00

612,00

Bluefish

281.003,00

1.845.360,03

25.004,00

185.671,00

1.294.883,43

29.494,00

247.922,00

1.706.479,81

25.518,00

207.879,00

1.597.478,50

Carp

100.252,00

317.556,04

13.989,00

132.971,00

447.017,81

16.041,00

148.240,00

485.401,64

15.212,00

138.507,00

423.727,43

Goby

32.307,00

69.502,25

2.292,00

22.480,00

52.152,94

2.898,00

25.585,00

71.060,24

1.863,00

22.166,00

78.268,23

2.166,00

8.394,31

530,00

3.994,00

14.717,32

520,00

3.998,00

16.232,13

442,00

3.345,00

13.808,34

Weever Scald fish

74.043,00

273.634,99

8.524,00

78.813,00

315.580,31

8.056,00

71.074,00

328.258,55

9.226,00

78.582,00

347.434,79

Garfish

61.271,00

166.500,79

11.056,00

100.966,00

261.350,25

8.653,00

80.537,00

226.086,42

6.809,00

66.009,00

204.872,05

625.651,00

958.615,47

64.970,00

654.478,00

960.206,53

58.172,00

605.019,00

984.187,92

74.112,00

751.110,00

1.161.459,04

Flying squid

51

2003

SPECIES

Crab

Common squid

BOXES

WEIGHT

2004

VALUE

BOXES

2005

WEIGHT

VALUE

BOXES

WEIGHT

2006

VALUE

BOXES

WEIGHT

VALUE

3.460,00

29.704,00

40.023,34

2.365,00

19.010,00

31.355,64

2.853,00

24.934,00

44.490,58

3.369,00

28.711,00

49.612,03

3.364.820,24

50.744,00

412.629,00

2.863.730,00

51.071,00

454.942,00

3.057.200,37

50.407,00

442.323,00

3.104.142,16

52.208,00

457.938,00

Brill

1.895,00

17.463,00

55.605,68

2.611,00

22.487,00

72.645,77

2.071,00

18.154,00

79.038,48

2.486,00

21.047,00

95.224,80

Tub fish

9.144,00

51.207,00

293.381,12

5.888,00

54.818,00

300.896,62

5.498,00

53.503,00

280.922,75

6.371,00

64.763,00

355.668,24

Crayfish

33.305,00

260.489,00

2.376.434,29

34.052,00

276.231,00

2.384.983,39

36.237,00

244.941,00

2.320.051,21

38.000,00

289.193,00

2.533.472,80

3.232,00

30.667,00

96.699,12

3.760,00

35.200,00

105.474,53

3.123,00

28.612,00

94.311,92

3.547,00

31.389,00

104.269,67

Piked dog fish

Small tuna

Common grey mullet

Mackerel

Remora

266,00

2.476,00

2.722,30

183,00

2.332,00

406.808,76

406,00

3.931,00

5.536,09

1.015,00

10.304,00

20.716,02

67.505,00

762.193,00

2.063.928,28

79.923,00

846.597,00

1.834.515,74

68.946,00

662.742,00

1.530.406,78

75.481,00

750.901,00

1.783.079,82

5.432,00

49.408,00

250.436,58

8.041,00

74.933,00

210.590,72

8.665,00

75.567,00

439.840,93

8.505,00

76.253,00

435.064,23

3.369,00

32.705,00

61.553,00

48,00

432,00

1.718,90

76,00

776,00

2.632,35

16.118,00

185.472,00

826.935,65

Club mackerel

193.579,00

1.940.716,00

3.886.967,34

219.756,00

2.215.587,00

4.606.932,21

247.162,00

2.515.703,00

4.856.530,04

236.182,00

2.378.985,00

4.983.738,53

Goatfish

248.360,00

2.069.133,00

12.541.567,73

238.128,00

1.821.267,00

11.789.738,23

202.285,00

1.602.774,00

11.507.690,80

204.035,00

1.539.208,00

12.347.122,30

132,00

1.608,00

13.065,49

21,00

423,00

34.485,65

396,00

3.932,00

29.497,09

86,00

986,00

5.657,59

Warty venus

1.713,00

16.714,00

111.632,23

1.664,00

13.819,00

82.215,03

1.995,00

17.050,00

128.136,20

1.928,00

14.371,00

116.900,20

Common dolphin fish

Meagre

1.284,00

11.915,00

22.721,56

1.614,00

13.202,00

27.809,82

614,00

5.655,00

12.916,11

1.086,00

10.262,00

22.872,34

Carp

212,00

2.068,00

6.300,20

0,00

0,00

0,00

2,00

28,00

28,50

12,00

452,00

452,00

Bass

256.755,00

2.204.193,00

9.714.032,08

151.542,00

1.463.794,00

7.375.164,23

138.521,00

1.790.037,00

8.893.396,66

168.239,00

1.745.406,00

9.044.018,96

4.204,00

26.229,00

91.868,63

887,00

9.775,00

37.268,14

1.631,00

17.748,00

78.895,49

1.366,00

17.329,00

65.690,00

Bonito

Wrasse

20,00

210,00

428,62

5,00

58,00

468.285,38

37,00

334,00

738,62

81,00

823,00

2.766,42

Mullet

320,00

3.124,00

6.667,21

413,00

4.116,00

10.192,23

519,00

6.210,00

11.479,81

770,00

7.646,00

19.330,43

67.859,00

591.911,00

2.793.849,18

82.051,00

693.118,00

3.131.252,91

96.290,00

806.241,00

5.170.135,96

70.486,00

567.651,00

3.670.590,71

Red bream

Leer fish

Mediterranean Baracuda

765,00

6.979,00

21.661,90

982,00

8.682,00

30.987,53

1.625,00

14.973,00

51.233,61

1.318,00

11.342,00

41.803,78

15.256,00

133.579,00

653.460,28

15.267,00

130.333,00

670.842,72

15.634,00

140.831,00

660.233,51

13.408,00

120.367,00

595.083,53

Star gazer

62,00

590,00

1.846,30

18,00

190,00

582.501,94

18,00

115,00

284,00

33,00

257,00

511,00

Yellowtail

19.955,00

206.371,00

1.383.950,52

23.594,00

239.142,00

1.154.696,27

21.125,00

242.717,00

1.715.243,29

25.626,00

276.455,00

2.044.429,48

423,00

3.737,00

19.996,62

635,00

5.828,00

31.808,87

683,00

6.150,00

45.179,30

501,00

4.370,00

28.875,03

Little amberjack Golden grey mullet

2.733,00

53.158,00

215.615,38

2.575,00

41.849,00

203.638,60

2.136,00

38.263,00

254.755,55

4.213,00

70.367,00

387.380,64

Pickerel

4.418,00

52.563,00

137.791,71

122.919,00

1.214.577,00

2.419.268,68

2.860,00

23.561,00

52.059,31

121.991,00

1.211.701,00

2.814.455,02

Pickerel

196.407,00

1.929.716,00

3.721.791,54

88.389,00

914.402,00

1.610.409,82

201.145,00

2.031.776,00

4.172.370,98

87.205,00

884.191,00

1.601.413,00

52

2003

SPECIES

Rock fish

BOXES

2004

WEIGHT

VALUE

BOXES

2005

WEIGHT

VALUE

BOXES

2006

WEIGHT

VALUE

BOXES

WEIGHT

VALUE

1,00

0,00

97,20

1,00

3,00

538.923,78

9,00

90,00

150,00

10,00

103,00

369,00

Black bream

35.303,00

337.165,00

1.525.797,41

28.058,00

251.295,00

849.577,33

30.337,00

280.307,00

1.485.922,41

38.011,00

310.477,00

1.556.752,61

Blotched pickerel

16.541,00

163.825,00

225.159,08

12.299,00

122.615,00

182.230,22

12.979,00

130.828,00

182.741,20

8.328,00

83.274,00

129.815,13

Porgy

7,00

46,00

397,85

3,00

24,00

36,00

32,00

258,00

475,40

10,00

84,00

170,45

Poulp

77.727,00

967.258,00

1.076.820,25

59.725,00

705.826,00

812.498,38

69.495,00

765.610,00

750.101,12

45.955,00

489.003,00

583.643,27

455,00

4.055,00

4.863,78

340,00

3.074,00

4.423,50

470,00

4.594,00

7.236,02

667,00

6.280,00

8.819,54

Stripped seabream

30.257,00

234.533,00

1.729.324,73

32.430,00

271.920,00

2.125.087,41

33.544,00

255.184,00

2.224.022,50

34.964,00

259.052,00

2.559.868,82

Large eyed dog's teeth

15.701,00

155.886,00

598.051,53

21.295,00

193.990,00

942.751,53

18.657,00

173.536,00

943.838,76

18.354,00

164.628,00

806.120,68

132.848,00

991.577,00

7.685.208,28

133.246,00

1.057.395,00

8.609.923,82

125.825,00

1.048.978,00

11.548.985,16

291.013,00

1.465.229,00

19.192.956,92

6.838,00

66.937,00

108.899,39

7.393,00

73.399,00

671.163,52

5.800,00

55.230,00

166.912,86

8.857,00

82.038,00

349.627,75

30.928,00

181.424,00

707.179,67

30.193,00

280.904,00

215.076,18

32.592,00

186.179,00

786.814,20

35.925,00

195.469,00

804.544,34

Conger

Red mullet

Axillary bream

Mussel

Croaker

612,00

5.304,00

35.314,21

840,00

7.099,00

43.691,32

2.080,00

14.866,00

89.455,72

2.523,00

19.892,00

122.323,70

Sheepshead b ream

51.292,00

370.012,00

1.964.958,51

62.500,00

479.117,00

2.702.541,38

74.865,00

610.364,00

3.323.464,63

81.564,00

566.346,00

3.183.840,17

Daouki

40.192,00

269.874,00

631.375,13

26.802,00

193.707,00

524.688,51

13.248,00

112.926,00

318.644,74

17.015,00

150.462,00

356.826,01

Daska

14.911,00

149.694,00

214.204,84

10.054,00

105.043,00

752.640,47

8.176,00

82.392,00

149.988,41

9.521,00

90.771,00

131.402,99

Swordfish

38.835,00

448.866,00

4.084.524,76

40.280,00

489.632,00

4.159.322,61

30.105,00

334.160,00

3.393.591,48

33.139,00

395.071,00

4.074.960,62

Sturgeon

3,00

30,00

66,00

5,00

50,00

171,80

3,00

20,00

84,00

7,00

68,00

637,70

Sheepshead seabream

27.317,00

159.696,00

984.853,87

8.425,00

56.176,00

333.124,22

7.200,00

46.989,00

298.968,75

2.737,00

18.706,00

136.041,99

Bonito

1.682.564,38

34.406,00

290.340,00

1.170.851,92

29.159,00

258.390,00

1.098.066,09

80.715,00

670.504,00

2.036.414,76

51.256,00

484.592,00

Sprat

898,00

9.239,00

5.904,24

149,00

1.735,00

1.486,30

39,00

393,00

924,11

98,00

1.096,00

4.226,15

Perch

6.062,00

42.994,00

305.355,12

17.564,00

120.305,00

716.089,06

25.381,00

168.195,00

941.101,42

19.612,00

130.836,00

804.467,78

54.340,00

513.820,00

1.535.361,86

56.268,00

538.614,00

1.572.276,76

59.304,00

578.448,00

2.040.116,49

63.726,00

596.182,00

2.331.798,48

101,00

826,00

7.263,29

441,00

4.959,00

39.693,61

880,00

7.324,00

54.587,11

567,00

6.773,00

48.603,65

61.608,00

407.532,00

972.416,48

41.577,00

335.790,00

815.396,67

53.825,00

381.088,00

963.628,40

63.515,00

481.087,00

1.213.389,42

313,00

3.117,00

3.866,80

137,00

1.249,00

2.677,18

36,00

272,00

311,15

20,00

890,00

1.127,00

Pinnae

74,00

722,00

1.525,58

20,00

150,00

405,10

20,00

170,00

665,50

43,00

297,00

1.455,00

Flatfish

Anglerfish

Royal grouper

Trout Barbacle

622,00

3.069,00

23.354,14

842,00

4.853,00

39.133,14

937,00

5.341,00

41.198,53

812,00

4.029,00

40.244,06

Fresh water fish

4,00

40,00

124,90

0,00

0,00

0,00

2,00

25,00

147,00

4,00

32,00

72,50

Porphyrae shellfish

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

34,00

308,00

1.090,00

53

SPECIES

Forked hake

Couch's whiting

Rassa

Ρέγγες

Skipjack

Guitarfish

Grouper

WEIGHT

VALUE

BOXES

WEIGHT

VALUE

BOXES

WEIGHT

VALUE

BOXES

WEIGHT

VALUE

3.247,00

7.592,71

241,00

2.744,00

9.076,58

483,00

5.157,00

12.283,25

361,00

3.792,00

7.245,60

573.688,00

902.977,18

49.245,00

461.192,00

779.670,92

57.527,00

527.102,00

1.075.557,41

60.823,00

562.474,00

1.063.240,54

56.240,00

137.866,14

6.188,00

60.003,00

152.698,41

5.385,00

52.417,00

147.139,15

6.162,00

59.535,00

172.202,20

8,00

19,00

4,00

22,00

38.280,63

2,00

4,00

27,20

23,00

216,00

910,50

94.143,00

341.681,46

13.243,00

130.356,00

529.078,86

9.997,00

98.646,00

391.704,86

14.596,00

143.400,00

554.651,03

48.829,00

49.776,48

4.128,00

41.352,00

42.410,76

2.882,00

24.210,00

42.428,72

2.869,00

27.636,00

42.080,56

113.250,00

1.130.313,41

17.411,00

129.008,00

1.301.321,07

21.934,00

153.761,00

1.631.128,87

17.594,00

143.258,00

1.634.813,25

17.502,87

Carps

1.765,00

4.981,18

404,00

4.092,00

11.470,60

353,00

3.420,00

9.570,20

894,00

8.586,00

Rays

38.687,00

83.276,73

3.860,00

37.080,00

83.644,36

4.314,00

43.553,00

92.430,63

3.709,00

37.657,00

82.846,15

310.955,00

739.141,02

33.317,00

324.482,00

752.552,52

30.622,00

297.185,00

681.979,14

26.822,00

256.213,00

573.797,29

25.279,00

23.632,22

4.111,00

40.789,00

38.063,80

2.284,00

22.804,00

27.483,90

2.021,00

20.157,00

21.770,60

1.925,00

13.442,28

393,00

4.295,00

29.560,00

317,00

3.516,00

18.957,68

197,00

2.092,00

11.153,80

Goldline

Jack mackerel

John dory

White bream

374.051,00

3.171.167,80

51.472,00

427.007,00

3.694.796,55

67.259,00

511.630,00

5.111.396,19

56.903,00

478.647,00

4.906.193,14

Pilchard

7.596.627,00

7.406.116,28

847.613,00

8.727.441,00

9.551.763,22

793.352,00

8.006.222,00

10.276.188,24

846.274,00

8.543.695,00

12.663.679,43

White horse mackerel

1.416.375,00

1.959.990,53

165.095,00

1.646.906,00

2.293.768,00

129.380,00

1.323.256,00

2.023.572,20

140.133,00

1.413.853,00

2.244.930,55

Black horse mackerel

52.993,00

78.490,41

13.981,00

140.959,00

155.862,50

25.729,00

250.151,00

300.190,81

10.753,00

107.657,00

200.766,16

Black sea bream

32.582,00

312.292,45

5.603,00

44.600,00

433.763,33

5.305,00

45.141,00

488.111,52

8.449,00

67.215,00

666.701,10

581.349,00

1.711.669,70

53.625,00

532.045,00

1.369.691,49

46.236,00

449.851,00

1.767.162,96

60.933,00

652.449,00

1.378.050,77

71,00

282,58

27,00

190,00

1.098,37

39,00

353,00

1.025,96

305,00

8.849,00

37.830,92

Parrot fish

Brown meagre

Angler fish

11.357,00

44.045,94

1.216,00

14.303,00

61.488,51

3.558,00

35.576,00

107.890,59

1.926,00

20.513,00

85.616,77

Scorpion fish

57.008,00

409.918,99

19.101,00

170.797,00

1.367.710,38

73.034,00

573.786,00

1.670.942,17

16.978,00

140.249,00

1.474.539,79

1.111.867,00

2.894.055,33

164.256,00

1.342.488,00

3.479.111,73

89.722,00

794.859,00

2.085.968,04

224.164,00

1.710.701,00

4.053.576,70

28.103,00

61.345,81

3.191,00

36.396,00

73.123,80

4.263,00

51.779,00

122.187,02

4.035,00

57.331,00

112.606,54

1.237,00

2.118,11

87,00

700,00

1.313,45

143,00

1.123,00

2.204,63

102,00

888,00

2.289,70

443.304,00

1.843.543,22

54.494,00

712.931,00

3.136.832,64

47.416,00

502.414,00

2.228.123,07

53.734,00

643.817,00

3.326.108,39

2.752,00

6.976,85

295,00

2.806,00

7.311,30

108,00

829,00

2.266,90

173,00

1.418,00

3.815,10

620.478,00

2.189.247,68

66.563,00

670.883,00

2.460.782,30

73.242,00

699.886,00

2.445.858,70

53.142,00

520.345,00

2.212.148,89

92.293,00

140.439,89

10.810,00

106.518,00

185.345,06

10.403,00

103.524,00

163.157,26

12.245,00

120.692,00

205.843,35

387,00

690,30

30,00

294,00

485,00

18,00

197,00

590,00

29,00

284,00

928,60

Mackerel

Dog fish (tope)

Morray eel

Salmon Salouvardoi Cuttle fish Couch's sea bream Sturgeon

‘

54

SPECIES

Oyster

WEIGHT

VALUE

BOXES

WEIGHT

VALUE

BOXES

WEIGHT

VALUE

BOXES

WEIGHT

VALUE

2.217,00

6.875,81

161,00

1.410,00

8.149,51

85,00

708,00

4.437,70

93,00

719,00

5.784,93

Golden grouper

65.740,00

455.156,73

12.678,00

117.496,00

905.151,74

14.520,00

131.039,00

1.250.378,55

15.276,00

95.468,00

894.373,79

Little meagre

10.774,00

20.970,83

1.898,00

16.087,00

31.965,98

3.142,00

29.838,00

50.975,34

5.640,00

52.584,00

70.792,44

912,00

6.261,20

817,00

7.186,00

11.811,45

2.086,00

18.892,00

30.839,79

2.359,00

18.148,00

57.136,55

41.967,00

621.790,22

7.309,00

55.866,00

874.754,24

20.813,00

174.660,00

3.114.400,18

18.335,00

156.441,00

2.890.428,05

Dusky sea perch

301.877,00

3.301.516,32

65.228,00

657.154,00

7.263.427,75

52.938,00

496.755,00

6.466.404,92

37.050,00

344.452,00

4.699.427,62

Small tuna

717.006,00

901.828,38

51.098,00

566.271,00

793.159,32

45.788,00

486.300,00

647.018,50

44.938,00

442.690,00

649.865,40

Tune fish

61.373,00

431.403,94

6.035,00

79.398,00

331.305,70

4.181,00

41.105,00

209.983,21

7.177,00

105.511,00

404.124,00

Blotched pickerel

65.685,00

47.497,21

5.434,00

54.556,00

44.104,56

6.590,00

64.782,00

56.123,79

4.809,00

48.917,00

40.714,48

7.209.879,00

27.701.334,27

456.977,00

5.120.733,00

24.438.906,19

405.135,00

5.019.070,00

24.241.226,47

496.133,00

5.476.430,00

26.984.158,43

Brown meagre

Dog's teeth

Red sea bream

Fresh water fish

80.347,00

73.124,69

4.090,00

40.684,00

41.875,60

7.080,00

65.673,00

75.860,60

4.038,00

41.647,00

59.480,60

Common sea bream

1.637.061,00

11.842.106,15

161.664,00

1.463.169,00

11.949.944,08

214.520,00

1.817.592,00

17.717.025,95

171.142,00

1.503.347,00

15.660.305,17

Gilt sardine

1.558.080,00

975.956,94

130.010,00

1.315.874,00

872.936,57

153.354,00

1.570.235,00

1.041.496,10

140.394,00

1.450.499,00

989.645,03

55.906,00

124.565,79

6.632,00

62.377,00

129.391,42

5.328,00

50.682,00

117.254,42

5.574,00

51.140,00

108.205,94

36,00

95,76

51,00

744,00

1.529,00

18,00

228,00

1.055,50

15,00

127,00

427,40

Comber

Wrasse

Eel

19.608,00

90.972,50

925,00

10.875,00

51.498,60

1.591,00

14.458,00

65.488,00

7.468,00

20.873,00

134.333,61

Live Eel

18.607,00

147.625,10

17,00

13.702,00

146.087,50

24,00

15.820,00

209.169,00

45,00

27.202,00

266.422,26

Flying garnard

John dory

Octapus

Bay scallop

Sea lice

Others

TOTAL

65.533,00

294.200,87

7.074,00

64.563,00

252.531,05

6.477,00

64.028,00

279.860,03

5.253,00

48.619,00

264.646,74

105.190,00

680.831,37

11.802,00

102.763,00

664.271,30

11.724,00

98.587,00

677.037,11

12.661,00

104.277,00

790.333,24

1.160.149,00

5.256.184,69

141.932,00

1.723.515,00

6.900.766,27

127.876,00

1.390.842,00

5.923.053,62

107.691,00

1.139.238,00

5.395.622,19

3.063,00

15.370,22

15,00

136,00

896,23

1.107,00

9.315,00

52.977,60

480,00

2.681,00

15.409,15

96.145,00

108.360,75

11.565,00

114.593,00

107.635,04

14.754,00

143.053,00

142.158,27

12.277,00

120.631,00

138.513,13

570.702,00

628.140,76

41.169,00

418.402,00

668.877,13

57.459,00

593.407,00

1.105.114,91

48.360,00

493.596,00

601.580,65

66.267.889,00

209.006.505,33

6.733.210,00

65.633.642,00

225.543.708,29

6.690.873,00

64.828.926,00

241.689.442,30

7.251.074,00

68.315.571,00

260.403.065,63

55

SPECIES

Sand smelt

Lobster

Fish raw

Clams

Sea urchins

Hake

Salted cod

Thornback ray

WEIGHT

VALUE

BOXES

WEIGHT

VALUE

BOXES

WEIGHT

VALUE

BOXES

WEIGHT

VALUE

800.872,00

1.328.507,67

122.990,00

829.919,00

1.398.693,07

128.481,00

1.056.281,00

1.825.475,46

131.811,00

1.072.633,00

1.807.214,14

26.533,00

568.397,83

4.853,00

36.985,00

726.353,02

5.868,00

39.593,00

740.832,91

7.751,00

68.628,00

1.331.711,98

1.293,25

23,00

1.162,35

27,00

127,00

8.014,89

6,00

21,00

1.079,25

7,00

18,00

26.688,00

156.392,27

565,00

5.417,00

48.198,70

50,00

454,00

3.329,60

44,00

295,00

2.312,04

1.597,00

11.824,33

657,00

7.655,00

62.310,10

549,00

5.135,00

35.766,80

519,00

5.408,00

35.526,50

3.182.432,00

18.888.698,97

389.414,00

3.505.481,00

21.009.645,32

333.140,00

3.010.697,00

19.805.057,43

408.297,00

3.607.628,00

23.322.556,16

2.752,00

6.976,85

295,00

2.806,00

7.311,30

108,00

829,00

2.266,90

173,00

1.418,00

3.815,10

932.928,74

376.149,00

904.591,80

35.194,00

326.948,00

859.730,54

35.865,00

309.857,00

927.039,96

27.025,00

276.564,00

Grey mullet

6.117,00

6.940,36

375,00

5.921,00

7.164,55

463,00

4.929,00

3.572,90

627,00

6.698,00

7.357,66

Stone bass

46.653,00

410.412,89

3.937,00

40.678,00

393.761,09

4.305,00

47.193,00

458.916,84

2.988,00

33.847,00

359.399,55

Gurnard

347.019,00

532.301,01

40.866,00

395.928,00

624.056,91

39.403,00

386.551,00

669.908,94

37.738,00

364.810,00

623.115,87

Black-mouthed godfish

325.153,00

1.253.769,38

32.681,00

280.804,00

1.113.378,58

29.811,00

254.500,00

1.003.369,47

32.797,00

279.675,00

1.291.119,88

1.374.136,00

3.666.308,35

156.405,00

1.626.396,00

3.923.205,31

121.303,00

1.221.315,00

4.797.748,38

145.680,00

1.509.105,00

4.955.847,09

Common prawn

56

GLOBEFISH MARKET RESEARCH PROGRAMME Vol 77 Overview of Organic Markets: an Opportunity for Aquaculture product? (98P.) ..... JAN 2005 Vol 78 Seafood Price Indices (44P.)........................................................................................APR 2005 Vol 79 World Market of Tilapia (28P.)...................................................................................APR 2005 Vol 80 Fishery Industry in Russia (70P.) ................................................................................ JUN 2005 Vol 81 Trends in European Groundfish Markets (153P.)...................................................... NOV 2005 Vol 82 Freshwater species on the European Market (119P.)...............................................DEC 2005 Vol 83 Fish Supply and Demand in the Near East Region (67P.).......................................... JAN 2006 Vol 84 The market for Nile Perch (94P.) ................................................................................APR 2006 Vol 85 Supermarkets and the Artisinal Fisheries Sector in Latin America (79P.).................APR 2006 Vol 86 Markets and Marketing of Aquaculture Finfish in Europe (50P.) ........................... AUG 2006 Vol 87 Lobster Markets (92P.) ..............................................................................................OCT 2006 Vol 88 Republic of Korea - Fishery Industry Profile (72P.) .................................................. NOV 2006 Vol 89 World Surimi Market (125P.) ................................................................................... NOV 2006 Vol 90 Market Penetration of Developing Country Seafood Products (57P.)......................APR 2008 Vol 91 Ecolabels and Marine Capture Fisheries: (52P.) .....................................................APR 2008 Vol 92 The seafood market in Italy (59P.) ..............................................................................APR 2008 Vol 93 Global Production and Marketing of Canned Tuna (44P.).........................................APR 2008 Vol 94 World Octopus Markets (65P.) ..................................................................................JUL 2008 Vol 95 The seafood market in Southern EU: Cyprus, Malta and Slovenia (46P.) ...............JUL 2008 Vol 96 The seafood market in Spain (59P.)............................................................................ NOV 2008 Vol 97 Private standards in fisheries and aquaculture:(64P.) ............................................APR 2009 Vol 98 The seafood market in Greece (56P.) .........................................................................MAR 2010

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GLOBEFISH RESEARCH PROGRAMME Trends in European Groundfish Markets Volume 81

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Fishery Industries Division Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy Tel.: +39 06 5705 5074 Fax: +39 06 5705 5188 www.globefish.org

Trends in European Groundfish Markets

Volume 81