THE EMPLOYMENT ODYSSEY: A VIEW FROM THE CLIFF
PRESENTED BY STEPHANIE MACKAY, DIRECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT
ACRONYMS IDD—Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities ASD—Autism Spectrum Disorder SSDI—Social Security Disability Insurance SSI—Supplemental Security Income ADA—American with Disabilities Act IDEA—Individuals with Disabilities Education Act CRP—Community Rehabilitation Program WIOA—Work Incentive and Opportunity Act
ABOUT COLUMBUS
Columbus Community Center 3495 South West Temple Salt Lake City, UT www.columbusserves.org 801-262-1552
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Our mission is to support individuals with disabilities to live and work in the community with independence.
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Opened in1968 with 8 students, Columbus is recognized locally and nationally as a wellestablished, innovative social services nonprofit agency.
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Provides services to 450 individuals with developmental and physical disabilities.
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A “social enterprise” business model and one of 1,500 community rehabilitation programs in the U.S.
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60% of revenue comes through fees for service; 35% comes through earned income; 5% from donations.
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CARF accredited and regulated by 33 regulatory bodies.
MILLENIALS—THE POST-ADA GENERATION • 1975 Education for all Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 94-142) changed the integration of children into education, the building block for a future • 1990 American with Disabilities Act guaranteed equal access for individuals with disabilities • 2004 IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) updated original Public Law 94142)
DISABILITY STATISTICS • 1 in 5 individuals in the general population has a disability • 3% of the population has IDD • 1 in 10 families is impacted by IDD • 1 in 11 adults ages 16-64 is not in the workforce
LABOR STATISTICS 2014-15 Labor rate participation rate ages 16-64 (either employed or looking for employment (www.dol.gov/odep/): •
68.3% participation rate by adults without disabilities
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19.2% participation rate of adults with disabilities
Unemployment rate: •
4.5% unemployment for adults without disabilities
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12.1% unemployment for adults with disabilities
Not counted in the labor force: •
10,000,000 with disabilities who aren’t counted
3 generations after 94-142 and ADA,true unemployment rate is 65-90% depending on disability
A PICTURE OF PARTICIPATION 160,000
140,000 120,000 100,000
80,000
Not in labor force Unemployed
60,000
Employed
40,000 20,000
0 2010
2011
2012
*2013 Annual Disability Statistics Compendium (www.disabilityCompendium.org) **U.S. Census Bureau, Employ Status by Disability Status and Type, 2012 American Community Survey
MEET THE MILLENNIALS— SARAH, JAMIE, AND JAMEE
See their stories at: https://www.youtube.com/user/columbuscommunity
THE LIFECYCLE OF A FAMILY WITHOUT A DISABILITY Family & Child
Public Education (ages 6-18)
Acquisition of Family Income and TaxSupported Services Employment = Paycheck, benefits, taxes, continuing education
THE LIFECYCLE OF A FAMILY WITH A DISABILITY Family & Child
Redistribution of Family Resources for Caregiving
Public Education (ages 6-22)
Government Entitlements & Social Services
FEDERAL REGULATIONS THAT PROTECT, FUND, BEFUDDLE FEDERAL AGENCY
SERVICES
Department of Justice
ADA (10 Federal agencies ensure compliance)
Public Education
Special Education, Vocational Rehabilitation, Ticket to Work, Pathways to Careers
Department of Labor
14C wage protection; FMLA
Health and Human Services
Medicaid funding for IDD support
Dept. Agriculture
SNAP, EBT, WIC
HUD
Section 8 Housing
Social Security Administration
Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
Transportation
Public transportation
Executive Branch
President’s Committee for People with Intellectual Disabilities, WIOA, Section 503
FEDERAL FUNDING BUILDING BLOCKS FOR A FAMILY
HHS • IDD programs • Medicaid
SSA • SSDI • SSI
Education • Special Ed • Vocational Rehabilitation
FEDERAL TO FAMILY Federal funding, statutes, rules, compliance State match, distribution, compliance, case management Local distribution through counties and munincipalities
Services provided through school districts, social services agencies, nonprofits Families receive services and supplement based on need, income, etc.
A NOD TO ECONOMIC AND FISCAL POLICY • We should be more critical about models that exclude all consequential diversity and uncertainty of households and firms—characteristics that in many ways are fundamental to the outcomes of the actual economy. • Now is the time to focus on fiscal policy that takes into account long-term growth, incentives and disincentives for labor, capital, technology, and innovation.
(John Silvia, NABE Presidential Address delivered on October 122, 2105. “A Career in a Less-than-Perfect Economy,” Business Economics, Vol. 50, No. 4)
LIFE FROM 0 TO 22 Ages 18-22
Ages 0-5 Socialization through family Medical care Childhood development Pre-school
Ages 6-17 Socialization through family and peers Medical care Childhood development Public education
Socialization with peers Medical care Post-secondary education
Employment
THE CLIFF Ages 23+ Ages 0-5 Diagnosis Medical intervention Behavior intervention Family support Case management Caregiving Insurance
Ages 6-22 IDEA/IEPs Medical care/behavior intervention IDD support services VR support services SSDI and/or SSI Insurance/Medicaid Guardianship Special needs trusts Family finances Sibling relationships Caregiving costs Case management FMLA
Independent living dependent on family circumstances Safety net through entitlements Preparation for employment through limited resources
EACH FAMILY FACED THE CLIFF
See their stories at: https://www.youtube.com/user/columbuscommunity
CAN WE LEVERAGE INNOVATION? Family with a disability
Government entitlements & social services
Family without a disability
Employment = Paycheck, benefits, taxes, continuing education
Can we find innovation in this space?
LEVERAGING INNOVATION IN UTAH TO SHIFT THE PARADIGM •
Nearly 0% unemployment in Utah and business leaders need to tap into an emerging labor force
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2% of population with ASD
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Government leaders want to respond to the need
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State funding agencies are talking to each other and service providers
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Social Impact Investing is being operationalized
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Social Impact Bonds are shifting funding paradigms
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Activist parents are being heard and taking action
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Conservative state with entrepreneurial business climate (e.g. “Silicone Slopes”)
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University research and resources in cross disciplines
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Co-location of services geographically
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A strong ethic of service operationalized at all levels of society
FOCUS ON SUSTAINABLE, INNOVATIVE, TRANSFORMATIVE SOLUTIONS Nonprofits
Government
Employers
Family Funding sources
Research
Education