Economic Growth and Risk Appetite: A Perspective from the US Accounts

Economic Growth and Risk Appetite: A Perspective from the US Accounts Dr. Catherine L. Mann Barbara 54 and Richard M. Rosenberg Professor of Global Finance International Business School, Brandeis University Visiting Scholar, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston www.CLMann.com Fourth Annual Rocky Mountain Economic Summit Jackson Hole, July 2012 Global Interdependence Center

Overview • Growth through the international trade lens • Risk appetite through the capital flows lens • US Treasury market focus • Implications

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Consumption weakening. Business E&S weakening.

Exportsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;strong for how long?

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US Exports: A Lens on Slowing Global Growth )&#$%

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Deterioration in EuroZone for some time, Rest-of-Europe unlikely to avoid contagion Europe slowing slows China, slows Brazil;

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US Imports: A Lens on Slowing U.S. Growth ("#$%

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US Treasury ‘Supply’ Side: Stock and Flow

Percentage of GDP

Percentage of GDP

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Congressional Budget Office(Jan 2012)

No UST Crisis in 2011; Not likely 2012; Prospects for 2013? .

UST ‘Demand’ -- Stock: Foreign Investors

Total foreign: $4.5T 3/11, $5.1T 3/12 =>Δ$600 billion last yr.

Debt held by public: 2010=$9T, 2011,$10.4T=> Δ $1.4T last yr.

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UST ‘Demand’ -- Flow: Official Asia

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UST ‘Demand’ -- Flow: Federal Reserve QE Fed QE&QE2 as large as ‘normal’ foreign demand for UST online.wsj.com/.../SB10001424052748703709804575.., October 18, 2011

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Final Remarks on Growth Prospects poor • US export and business E&S engines slowing • Eurozone contagion hurts RO-Europe brightness • China hard landing, dependence on exports, can’t pivot to domestic • Every where else buffeted by big-guy downdrafts

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Final Remarks on UST Prospects good • Portfolio headroom for all types of US assets • Low global risk appetite supports UST demand • Exchange rate intervention demand around the world • Foreign Official like what Fed has—so exit might work

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RMES 17 2011

Currency Market Stories Dollar?

• Depreciation: Fiscal deficit, monetary policy exit fails.

• Appreciation: Portfolio headroom, rebound from historical lows, UST purchases for intervention by others

Euro?

• Depreciation: to counter fiscal austerity, sovereign crisis • Appreciation: if crisis resolved

RMB? • Depreciation: dependence on export-led growth, – but against who?

• Appreciation: only when global growth resumes, – and against who?

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Thank you!

Questions?

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