p a T p a T p Ta e n o e m o s of d n u o s e h That’s t re-keying data... tediously
Interoperability sounds like a bit of a complex term. So what does it really mean? As an organisation, your systems will have tons and tons of data stored between them. So when it comes to other departmental systems sharing any of that data with your finance system, the last thing you want is complications to arise. Interoperability allows this information to be shared in an easy and stress-free way. Interoperability defined There are a number of definitions of interoperability, and as this is the world of IT, some are quite technical and opaque. Most people define it as the ability for two software applications to exchange information in real
of some kind. This method has been used for decades and it has some pretty serious limitations: •Due to human error, a file might not get created or loaded properly, or the transfer is missed one week, or it might get loaded twice by mistake, which is a disaster for finance systems as it’s impossible to simply delete data.
Argh! Which data is up to date?
time, without human intervention. Many definitions also include the ability for this to happen on a transactional basis, in other words, an outcome where system 1 generates a transaction that is immediately sent to system 2 in real time. There’s no need for batching things up and waiting for a scheduled transfer to happen at some point in the future. Having said that, there’s no reason why the receiving system can’t batch things up to wait for approval but that’s not a system limitation.
What are the options? There are three basic methods for getting applications to share information:1. Flat File Transfer This is when data is extracted from System 1 and written to a file that can be transferred to System 2 where it will be read and inserted. Typically the file is a comma delimited text file
•Flat File Transfer can work effectively for a one off transfer, but what happens when the original data changes? Even something simple like a change of address can be very difficult to deal with. •It’s difficult to ensure that the routine that selects the data in system 1 doesn’t miss something, or use data that’s already been selected before In short, Flat File Transfer is adequate for one off jobs like loading setup data, but for ongoing transactional processing it’s really a non-starter. 2. Classic “Integration” This solution was very popular around thirty years ago, and involved System 1 and System 2 both sharing the same data objects in the database. For example, both systems might share the same Suppliers Table. Obviously if there’s only one set of data then it’s always going to be “in step”.
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Although this may sound simple and even elegant, it has its own problems too: •Both systems need to share the same data structure for them to work. However, in reality all systems are different in practical terms, and the only situation where they are likely to match are where they’re both from the same supplier. That means clients can become ‘locked in’ to one particular supplier. That’s great news for the supplier, but awful news for the customer. •The second issue is more subtle. If a company is running different systems, for instance in Finance and HR, all may be fine until one of the systems is upgraded. A new HR system may no longer be compatible with the existing system in Finance, so that means that the company is forced to upgrade the latter too. The problem becomes exacerbated when you consider the number of systems that may be running across one organisation. It simply isn’t practical to upgrade all your IT systems in one go. •Organisations can’t easily replace any of their existing elements with a different system. This is why IT suppliers love classic integration so much! £
One point to note here is how much things have changed since classic integration was first introduced. The world was simply a different place thirty years ago. In 1983 disk storage would have cost you around £211,000 per gigabyte (in 1983 prices). But today a gigabyte of storage can be bought for around £0.02 (or just 2 single pennies). This opens up more possibilities when it comes to data storage, meaning Integration really is old news now! 3. Interoperability That leads on nicely to the third option – Interoperability. In many ways it’s a very simple idea. You have two separate systems but you keep the data in sync in both systems. Although some of the data is duplicated, this isn’t an issue because, as already mentioned, the price of storage has fallen so much. It avoids all the problems of the other two methods and doesn’t have any unique drawbacks.
If it was that simple then everyone would be doing it! Well yes – you’d think so. But many IT suppliers are keen to force customers to buy more of their software products rather than other supplier’s products, and have a vested interest in actually preventing interoperability. Stories across the industry abound of suppliers doing anything they can
to prevent the technology from working, using everything from legal threats to software upgrades designed to prevent existing links. However, these suppliers are fighting a losing battle and true Interoperability is here to stay.
So what’s changed? As with so many things, a change in the market has driven change everywhere else. Today consumers have mobile, cloud enabled, remotely synchronising technology that they carry around and use every day. This has had a huge effect on people’s expectations. They know that IT systems can share data as they see it happening in real time every day. It’s quite normal to open an email from a Microsoft hosted
mail server on an Apple device and then click through a link to a Java based website that asks the device for your location before delivering a localised weather report created on a supercomputer on another continent. Any user can see that these systems can, and DO, interoperate. So anyone who argues that it can’t be done probably has a vested interest.
How it works Initially, a holding area is set up in System 1. This is where all the data that’s going to be transferred sits before it goes anywhere else. The data is marked as being a new ‘insert’ into System 2, an ‘update’ to existing data, or a ‘deletion’ of existing data. They also set up a similar receiving area in System 2. This connects with the holding area in System 1, so the data can move across in real time. If the connection is down then the data can be held for transmission until the connection is restored. As soon as the data arrives in System 2 it can be processed in much the same way as if it were processed by a real human being. In other words, the functionality for processing transactions sits in the backend database architecture, enabling transactions to occur in exactly the same way.
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Once the basic framework has been set up, an organisation can do all sorts of things with its data. Process a sales invoice, change a supplier’s address, check that an account code is valid… it can all happen in real time, transaction by transaction if need be. Whenever System 1 is upgraded, the holding area stays in place and can still work with the existing version of System 2. And the Systems can be changed or swapped without losing integration. We think standards governing every type of transaction will evolve in the long run, but in the meantime, we make sure the processes that can transform the data are held in the receiving area of System 2. Writing new transformation modules for new applications is a fairly quick and easy process.
oray! HoGoobye to re-keying data - that’s so 18 years ago...
In the past this was this was all done by database link and trigger technology but nowadays we are seeing it done by ‘web service’ technology. That’s a sure sign that Interoperability’s time has come! To sum up, we know that Interoperability works a treat, and we have come to expect it from our personal technology, so now want the same thing from our business IT. The reason why many organisations are not yet fully enjoying the benefits is simply down to the fact that they do not realise that it’s an option. Indeed, many providers continue to bombard their customers with jargon and lead them to think that their way is the only way. Every business is different, so it makes sense to choose the software that is genuinely the right choice for your organisation, and be confident in the knowledge it will all “just work!”
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