HPAC August 2014

Commercial washroom showcase

Seismic design

The case for provincial pension plans

Freeze protection

integrated

Design Concepts

august 2014

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The power of precise terminology MODERN HYDRONICS 2014 AUTUMN

DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS

RAMPING UP SYSTEM PERFORMANCE How To Use

PUMPS For

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AUGUST 2014

Vol. 88 No. 5

tents

74 Rockin’ and Rollin’

What to consider when designing a building to withstand a seismic event. By Rod Yeoh with Fadi Ghorayeb

77

Finance Ontario's Proposed Provincial Pension Plan – Does It Make Sense? By Hank Bulmash

PRODUCTS

MH38 Hydronic 60 Commercial Washroom Showcase 62 Plumbing 66 HVAC/R 72 Gizmos & Gadgets

18

Integrating Elements To Improve Comfort

BY ROBERT BEAN

DEPARTMENTS

4 Upfront 6 News Feature: Pipe Dream Fulfilled Calgary plumber invents toilet pulling tool. By Patrick Callan 8 Industry News 68 Mechanical Supply News 71 People 73 The Source 76 Calendar 78 Training

MH4 Energy and Power

MODERN HYDRONICS 2014

Getting the terminology right.

AUTUMN

22 A void

Unfortunate Surprises Freeze protection methods for air cooled chillers.

RAMPING UP SYSTEM PERFORMANCE How To Use

PUMPS For

ZONING

By Adam Meddaugh

PRODUCT SHOWCASE THE LANGUAGE OF ENERGY AND POWER A PUBLICATION OF

24

EVENTS

By John Siegenthaler

DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS

MH2014_OFC.indd 1

COOLING OPTIONS

MH6 Ramping Up System Performance

How do you determine the efficiency of the heating system you recommend to a customer?

By Mark Norris

14-07-31 9:48 AM

IEA Heat Pump Conference, Cleaner Heat 2014, CIPH ABC 2014 Conference Reports

MH14 Hydronic Product Showcase

By Kerry Turner and Patrick Callan

MH20 Cooling Options For Hydronic Applications By Mike Butler

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MH24 C omplex Times Call For Drastic Measures Take the time to understand the fundamentals of design and installation.By Steve Goldie

@hpacmag

MH26 Less Is More

Design option uses pumps to control flow.

By Mike Miller

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AUGUST 2014 | HPAC

3

< UPFRONT incentives do not hold water?

A surprising and well- publicized move by the u.s. House of

Representatives will prevent the use of federal funding from the U.S. Bureaus of Reclamation, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Energy to finance toilet retrofit programs. The bill passed the house in July and at press time it was on its way to the United States Senate.

“With an out of control debt and no end in sight, it is beyond crazy to have the federal government continuing to subsidize unnecessary and wasteful projects. My commonsense amendment saves taxpayer money and gets the federal government out of the business of subsidizing expensive toilet exchanges that yield highly questionable returns," said U.S. Congressman Paul Gosar in a statement following the passing of the amendment.

“If toilet exchange programs were as efficient as the EPA and Bureau of Reclamation claim, then such products would save so much money and water over time that they would sell themselves in the private market and wouldn’t need taxpayer subsidies. It’s time for the federal government to stop flushing taxpayer dollars down the toilet,” added Gosar.

It is interesting to note that the EPA WaterSense website currently shows just 135 water conservation incentive/rebate programs in the U.S. It is difficult to identify which, if any, of those receive federal funding. Without any direct federal funding, Canada has 44 with some provinces having none and Ontario and British Columbia leading the pack with 14 and 13 programs respectively.

Debate over the effectiveness of rebate and incentive programs is not new. We saw it with the ecoENERGY Retrofit–Homes Program, which ended in March 2012. Toronto City Council ended its toilet/urinal rebate programs in February 2011. Did contractors, manufacturers or wholesalers see a sudden slump in sales or a change in customers' interest in more efficient products for their homes or buildings as a result of those cancellations?

Perhaps it is Congressman Gosar’s use of the term commonsense or the result of having too many episodes of House of Cards under my belt that makes me question the motives behind this tightening of the purse strings.

On the other hand, it does revive a discussion about methods of encouraging conservation on the demand side. Let us know your thoughts.

Editor

GET IT FASTER! • Product Recalls • Industry News • Events

• Code Changes • New wholesaler locations • And much more…

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HPAC Magazine 80 Valleybrook Drive, Toronto, ON M3B 2S9 TEL: 416.442.5600 FAX: 416.510.5140 www.hpacmag.com Editor Kerry Turner (416) 510-5218 KTurner@hpacmag.com Assistant Patrick Callan (416) 442-5600, ext. 3524 Editor PCallan@hpacmag.com Sales & Marketing Kim Rossiter (416) 510-6794 Coordinator KRossiter@hpacmag.com Associate David Skene (416) 510-6884 publisher DSkene@hpacmag.com Account Stephen Kranabetter (416) 510-6791 Manager skranabetter@hpacmag.com Art Director Sandy MacIsaac (416) 442-5600, ext. 3242 SMacisaac@bizinfogroup.ca Market Production Barb Vowles (416) 510-5103 Manager 800-268-7742, ext. 5103 BVowles@bizinfogroup.ca Circulation Manager Selina Rahaman (416) 442-5600, ext. 3528 SRahaman@bizinfogroup.ca PUBLISHER Peter Leonard (416) 510-6847 PLeonard@hpacmag.com

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HPAC | AUGUST 2014

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News feature

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Pipe Dream Fulfilled

Calgary plumber invents tool he hopes will revolutionize the industry.

By Patrick Callan

A

nyone who has ever invented something – or those who regularly tune into television shows like Dragons’ Den and Shark Tank – will know that the starting point for most inventions is finding a solution to a common problem. Once you have an idea, the next steps usually involve drawings on a piece of paper, building a rudimentary prototype and the realization that getting your product to market will not be easy. It will involve significant investments in time, money, research, and testing, to name a few. And then there is the patent process: often difficult to navigate for first-time inventors and unnerving as you try to cover all your tracks and make sure no one steals your idea.

Red seal plumber David Hornstein and his business partner Micah Libin, co-founders of Platypus Tools Inc., know a thing or two about the invention and patenting process, having just gone through it over the past year en route to inventing a tool that Hornstein had envisioned for the past decade. Hornstein, who has also owned his own company – Aquality Plumbing and Heating Inc. in Calgary, AB – since 2004, says he had always been frustrated with the traditional methods plumbers used to pull toilets, such as scooping the water out with a cup, absorbing it with a sponge, using a plunger or sucking it up with a Shop-Vac. Each option inevitably creates a mess, the spread of contaminated water and can lead to back problems.

As a solution, he came up with the “Trunk”– a tool designed to not only speed up the process of pulling a toilet, but also to stop the spread of dirty water. The Trunk sucks up the water in the S trap of the toilet into an aluminum reservoir by pulling a handle. Then it blows the water down the far side of the S trap and down the drain by pushing the handle.

The main feature of the trunk is it lets plumbers draw the water out of the toilet while it is still on the floor, which allows for a completely dry tool and toilet before pulling it. It also includes a check valve so that the water is not lost or spilled while transitioning the tool.

Hornstein, a 15-year plumbing veteran, had one or two different starting points in getting his idea for the Trunk to market over the years, but between running his own business and having a young family, he was just too busy. “You start getting blocks when you try and create anything new,” he recalls. “You need to have a lot of time to have follow ups and make sure you’re getting in contact with the right individuals.”

But that all changed when he partnered with Libin in 2013.

With more than 17 years of management, finance and legal experience, Libin immediately recognized the value the Trunk 6

HPAC | august 2014

Red Seal Master Plumber David Hornstein (l) and business partner Micah Libin share what they know about the invention and patenting process.

could have for the plumbing industry. “He comes from a completely different side of business,” explains Hornstein.

“Between the two of us, with our contacts, we were able to put the tool into the run that we were looking for. Once we had the patent, we could finally release it to the industry and let them know what it was.”

Hornstein admits that in his first two attempts with the Trunk he could not connect with the right people, and chalked it up to bad timing. But this time around, he and Libin came up with a business plan about how to communicate their idea to the right people, while signing confidentiality agreements with everyone along the way until the patent-pending status was secured.

After creating a company, Platypus Tools Inc., they met with a designer in Calgary. It turned out the designer was more interested in doing moulds as opposed to the actual development of their product, but that meeting led them to Red Deer College, which was instrumental in introducing them to their current design engineer team in St. Albert, AB. Hornstein then gave them the miniature prototype of the Trunk that he built in his garage. “They took that idea and came up with the graphics, manufacturer's drawings and the actual prototype design,” he says.

At the same time as their idea for the Trunk was becoming a reality, the founders of Platypus were pushing forward with their patent lawyer to ensure their concepts were protected and that they could communicate with the general public about what they were creating. “Our attorney gave us a lot of challenges back. He made us come up with a whole bunch of different ways as to how the tool could work. There were times when we were frustrated because we felt we were never going to get the patent,” remembers Hornstein. “He hpacmag.com

Built for outstanding reliability.

Backed by exceptional service.

did a really good job of pushing us really hard to make sure that we were covered extremely solid on our method.”

For their first run, more than 1000 Trunks will be manufacAire-Flo® heating and cooling products tured and ready for market by early September. Of that numare engineered and tested for reliable ber, 56 were presold to plumbers. This led to a pre-order of performance. They’ll work hard for your customers day in and day 156 Trunks by BA Robinson, host of a two-day parade of out, and our helpful staff will products event Platypus attended in Edmonton and Calgary work hard to meet your needs in late April with its prototype. On top of securing the pre-orwhenever you stop by. ders, Hornstein boasts he was able to meet with his peers Sign up to receive and explain to them what the product can do. special offers at www.LennoxPartsPlus.com.

“I got everything from high fives to one guy picked me up and gave me a bearhug because he thought it was so cool,” he quips. In addition, owners and wholesalers among the advanced purchasers expressed interest in using the Trunk as a shop tool. “They were purchasing it for their guys for all their vans; we weren’t even having to sell directly to each plumber.”

Hornstein notes there is always the dream that a wholesaler will put in a large order for your product right of the bat, but in reality, he expects order numbers for the Trunk to steadily increase after the initial run – once the industry sees what the product can do. “So far the response has been so positive and we think we will get there,” he asserts.

At press time, pre-orders stood at around 500 with sales from Bartle & Gibson and Wolseley in Southern Alberta.

And it is not just the plumbing industry that has shown an Calgary Ottawa 5350 86th Ave. S.E. 1177 Parisien St. interest in the Trunk. There has also been strong interest Calgary, AB T2C 4L7 Ottawa, ON K1B 4W4 403-279-8075 613-745-1528 from the cottage country industry, and from the general conEdmonton Scarborough tracting community.

8103 McIntyre Rd. 2010 Ellesmere Rd., Having spent the past year going through the invention proEdmonton, AB T6E 5J7 Units 13&14 780-425-0733 Scarborough, ON M1H 3B1 cess, and with the Trunk gearing up for launch, Hornstein and 416-754-4311 Vancouver Libin have decided to put the knowledge they gained to good use.

2962 Lake City Way Waterloo Burnaby, BC V5A 3A2 115 Randall Dr., Unit 10 Through Platypus, they will also act as consultants, listening to 604-421-1767 Waterloo, ON N2V 1C5 plumbers and other people in the industry who, like Hornstein, 519-886-3666 Winnipeg may have had an idea on the shelf for 10 years, or have just 1653 Saint James St. We’ve Moved!

Winnipeg, MB R3H 0X1 come up with something, but do not know how to get started.

Montreal 204-633-0345 7790 Route At the April trade show alone, countless people approached Transcanadienne Dartmouth Saint-Laurent, QC Hornstein with ideas they have for new and innovative products.

133 Ilsley Ave., Unit D H4T 1A5 Dartmouth, NS B3B 1S9 “We don’t want to be a one-dimensional company with just the 514-336-6090 902-468-5995 Trunk,” he says. “It should be a really fun part of the business Brampton Coming Soon!

10 Woodslea Rd. to be able to listen to peoples’ ideas, see if we feel they’re viaBrampton, ON L6T 5P2 Montreal-South Shore ble, and what else we can do to push more products that are 905-799-9911 Regina specifically designed for people by their industry.”

Hamilton 2110 7th Ave. 351 Nash Rd. North, Unit 10 When asked if he has any advice for would-be inventors, Regina, SK S4R 1C4 Hamilton, ON L8H 7P4 306-757-7678 905-560-4200 Hornstein responds do not let a busy schedule get in your Saskatoon London way. He is actually busier now than he was 10 years ago 3026A Faithful Ave. 1 Adelaide St. N., Unit 5 when he first came up with the idea for the Trunk but did not Saskatoon, SK S7K 5W2 London, ON N6B 3P4 306-934-4858 519-439-3377 think he had the time to see it to fruition.

“I guess that’s the interesting thing about life: we all think we’re really busy and that there’s no time for anything extra.

But you can always find a way to do more,” he says.

8794_lpp_airflo_canada.indd 1 www.ThePlumbersTrunk.ca.<> hpacmag.com

7/11/14 2:36 PM

august 2014 | HPAC

7

Industry News

SEE THE LATEST HPAC e-newsletter @ hpacmag.com

Fourth biennial International Emerging Technology Symposium a success More than 150 industry, water utility and government participants attended the fourth International Emerging Technology Symposium held recently at the Crystal Gateway Marriott in Arlington, VA. The event drew experts in the fields of water and energy efficiency to discuss their areas of expertise and share insights. The American Society of Plumbing Engineers, the Canadian Institute of Plumbing & Heating, the Mechanical Contractors Association of America, Plumbing-HeatingCooling Contractors Association, Plumbing Manufacturers International, the United Association, and the World Plumbing Council, all co-convened the event.

The two-day symposium addressed water and sanitation issues such as regulatory barriers to implementing legionella controls, bio aerosols in building drainage plumbing systems, and solid transportation in near horizontal drain

lines. There were also three panel discussions on legionella and risk management, emerging issues and solutions on waste water, and a session on where technology meets policy.

The fifth International Emerging Technology Symposium is planned for spring 2016 in Chicago, IL. www.iampo.org

Trade contractors coalition to establish provincial, territorial chapters The National Trade Contractors Coalition of Canada (NTCCC) unanimously approved a bylaw change at its most recent meeting, which would allow for the establishment of provincial/territorial NTCCC chapters across Canada. NTCCC will be submitting new bylaw changes to Industry Canada by October 17 in compliance with the new Canada Corporations Act. www.ntccc.ca continued on page 10

Canada’s top trades students showcase skills in national competition The 2014 Skills Canada national competition featured more than 500 of the country’s top skilled trades and technology students and apprentices battling it out for top spot in their respective fields and a chance to represent Canada at the WorldSkills competition in São Paulo, Brazil in 2015.

The 20th Skills Canada national event was held from June 4 to 7 at The International Centre in Mississauga, ON. Thousands turned up to watch the competition, including busloads of students from across Ontario; Jason Kenney, minister of employment and social development; HGTV’s Bryan Baeumler of House of Bryan and Disaster DIY; Paul Lafrance of Decked Out; and former MasterChef contestant Julie Miguel.

The event included 42 separate competitions in six different sectors: construction, Ontario's Cody Beck took silver in services, manufacturing, transportation, information technology and employability. the plumbing competition.

In the refrigeration and air conditioning competition students had two days to make a bare tube evaporator using ½ inch copper tubing and 404A as a refrigerant. Quebec’s Marc-Antoine Bettez won gold, Keiran Hodges from Alberta took home silver and Aaron Marc-Antoine Bettez from Wright, representing New Brunswick, was awarded the bronze medal.

Quebec won gold in the In the plumbing competition students also had two days to complete their project, which refrigeration and air conditioning was a three-piece bathroom rough-in. Kendrick Howe from Alberta took gold, Cody Beck from event.

Ontario won the silver medal and Michael Lavoie Vallée from Quebec finished with bronze.

In addition to the competitions, the event offered visitors the opportunity to participate in more than 40 Try-A-Trade and Technology activities. Other features of the event included interactive demonstrations on the Essential Skills Stage, over 70 exhibitors in the Career Zone and many networking opportunities with industry leaders.

The highest-ranking age eligible medalist in each contest area will compete in the WorldSkills Canadian Trials. From there, successful competitors will be named to the WorldSkills Team Canada 2015 and participate in the 43rd WorldSkills Competition in São Paulo, Brazil. Slated for August 11 to 16, 2015, WorldSkills International (formerly known as the “Skills Olympics”) is expected to draw competitors from regional and national skill competitions held in 72 countries and regions. www.skillscanada.com 8

HPAC | august 2014

hpacmag.com

< Industry News

continued from p8

Efficiency Nova Scotia partners with First Nations Nearly 1900 households in 13 First Nations communities across Nova Scotia were involved in a pilot project to promote energy efficiency. The project, which was initiated by Efficiency Nova Scotia, received support from the province, the Kwilmu’kw Maw-klusuaqn Negotiation Office/Mi’kmaq Rights Initiative, and the Dartmouth-based energy efficiency company, Sustainable Housing. Thirty-six community members completed training to install energy efficient lighting, electric hot water tanks and pipe wrap, low-flow showerheads and other upgrades in First Nations homes.

The installers also provided residents with information and advice to help them save money. Each household is expected to save an average of $180 per year in electricity costs.

Taken together, those savings will put more than $330,000 back into First Nations communities annually.

The pilot project will also prevent more than 1800 tons of carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere each year, which is equivalent to taking around 350 cars off the road. www.efficiencyns.ca

CGC announces winners of GeoExchange Excellence Awards The Canadian GeoExchange Coalition (CGC) recently handed out its 2014 Excellence Awards to regional geothermal heat pump projects that showcased complexity and quality of installation and design. The 2014 prizes of excellence were awarded to R+O Énergie (Quebec) for the Polyvalente La Pocatière and to The City of Richmond (British Columbia) for the Alexandra District Energy Utility.

The Polyvalente La Pocatière is a 30-year old school that was retrofitted with a range of new technologies, including 45 vertical pipe loops and a ground source heat pump system of 500 ft., which operates on four different heating modes. The project resulted in a 60 per cent reduction in electricity consumption and the complete elimination of all fossil fuels.

The Alexandra District Energy Utility is a system that centralizes energy production for heating and cooling, servicing residential and commercial customers in the West Cambie neighbourhood of Richmond, BC. The project was put in operation in July 2012 and the utility uses ground source heat pump technology to extract heat from the ground via a network of vertical pipe loops. The utility provides renewable energy to more than 600 units, which results in the reduction of up to 1125 tons of GHG annually. www.geo-exchange.ca 10

HPAC | august 2014

hydronics industry takes a step forward Agreement on the knowledge standards that certified hydronic designers and installers need to master has been established by the Canadian Institute of Plumbing and Heating (CIPH), La Corporation des Maîtres Mécaniciens en Tuyauterie du Québec (CMMTQ), the Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Institute of Canada (HRAI) and the Thermal Environmental Comfort Association (TECA). The collaboration began in November 2013 when the organizations met to begin a coordinated review of hydronics training programs with the goal of creating a national learning standard for hydronics certification.

Moving forward, the partner organizations will seek to train or support training to the agreed upon learning standards, culminating in a certification exam that will be administered by the Canadian Hydronics Council (CHC) in partnership with the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT).

Respective collaboration partners will not require that their members attain their course learning through NAIT, but course offerings will be expected to align with those learning standards so that their members are well prepared to challenge and pass the certification exam.

An advisory body of representatives from each organization will ensure that the learning outcomes for certification meet the needs of industry. This body will complete a formal review on an as needed basis with a minimum of once per three year cycle.

Though installation rules and standards often differ jurisdictionally, industry agreement on the educational continued on p12

RECALL ALERT A joint recall with Health Canada, the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission and Wolf Steel Ltd. has been issued for Napoleon GD3200 propane gas fireplaces model number GD3200-P flush glass front and GD3200B-P with bay window. The fireplace front panels are black with gold accent designs on the outside of the product. The model is identified on a rating label located on the base of the fireplace behind the lower access door.

According to the recall issued on June 26, there is a potential for the glass to break during the lighting of the pilot burner if there is a buildup of propane gas, posing a laceration hazard. Wolf Steel Ltd. received one report in Canada of the glass shattering when lighting the pilot burner. No incidents or injuries were reported in the U.S. Approximately 2428 units of the recalled fireplaces were sold in Canada and 614 units in the U.S. from August 1992 to May 2001. www.napoleonfireplaces.com hpacmag.com

< Industry News

continued from p10

RECALL ALERT Four models of White-Rodgers digital thermostats have been recalled. The thermostats are white with bluelighted screens and have one of the following names printed on the front of them: COMFORTSENTRY, DICO, Emerson, Frigidaire, Maytag, Nutone, Partners Choice, Rheem, Ruud, Unico, Water Furnace, Westinghouse, White-Rodgers or Zonefirst.

The alkaline batteries used in the thermostat can leak onto the circuit board posing a fire hazard. WhiteRodgers has received seven reports (four in Canada) of burn damage to the thermostat, including two (one in Canada) involving minor property damage. No injuries have been reported.

About 403 000 of these recalled thermostats were sold in Canada and 740 000 were sold in the U.S. from January 2006 through December 2013. Jabil Circuits made the thermostats in China.

Check the thermostats for a battery icon on the left side of the blue-lighted screen, if the battery icon is not shown, contact White-Rodgers to receive a free repair or a replacement thermostat. www.emersonclimate.com

competency requirements for hydronic designers and installers provides clarity to consumers, regulators and inspectors. www.ciph.com www.hrai.ca www.teca.ca www.cmmtq.org Produced by the Canadian Institute of Plumbing and Heating (CIPH), Western Canada’s largest plumbing and HVAC/R event will take place on November 5 and 6 in Calgary, AB. The two-day trade show will host more than 200 exhibitors and includes a hydronics conference featuring HPAC columnists, Robert Bean and John Siegenthaler, as well as Dan Holohan.

CIPHEX West will also offer seminars focusing on new plumbing codes and standards, trends in plumbing and HVAC/R, and emerging technologies. The exhibit hall will showcase displays from manufacturers of plumbing, hydronics, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, refrigeration, geocontinued on p14

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< Industry News

continued from p12

RECALL ALERT Health Canada, the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission and Weil-McLain have issued a joint recall for Weil-McLain Ultra 80, 105, 155 and 230 MBH gas-fired boilers, which were manufactured between June 2012 and March 11, 2014. The boilers have a WeilMcLain logo plate on to the front, a pewter/flat black cover and are either freestanding or wall-mounted. The boilers have a serial number range between CP 6557046 and CP 6955985. About 540 units were sold in Canada and 7900 units were sold in the U.S. A cap on the boiler’s manifold can crack and release gas into the home. Weil-McLain has received 11 reports of manifold caps cracking in the U.S. No fires or injuries have been reported. Health Canada has not received any reports of consumer incidents or injuries.

The units were manufactured in the U.S. by Hydro Tube Enterprises Inc. and distributed by Weil-McLain.

Installers of the units should contact their customers and conduct a safety inspection. www.weil-mclain.ca

thermal heating, solar/hydronic combi-systems, fire protection, industrial pipe, valve and fittings, luxury bath and kitchen, as well as water treatment products from Canada, the U.S. and overseas.

Other features at CIPHEX West are the Hydronics Alley – a special section of the exhibit hall for hydronic heating systems; co-location with Buildex Calgary, which attracts professionals involved in design, build or management of buildings; and the New Product Gallery. www.ciphexwest.ca

Clips >> The Industry Training Authority has published a “Best Practices Guide” to help employers get the most out of all their employees. The guide provides best practices for employing women TO BesT pracTices. in trades and programs to help Leveling the Field Aboriginal people find a trade that works for them. www.itabc.ca/managing-apprentices/best-practices-guides A Best Practices Guide to Employing Women in the Trades

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continued on p16

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• Teams can learn with actual demonstration units.

• Training session can be a small as one individual.

1 14 HPAC_ZIP.indd HPAC | august 2014

TechnicalSupport.CA@ca.belimo.com (CANADA) 866-805-7089 www.belimo.ca hpacmag.com 7/15/2014 1:40:10 PM

< Industry News

continued from p14

>> The Refrigeration Service Engineers Society of Canada has a new mailing address: 550 Kerr St., PO Box 20086, Oaktown Plaza, Oakville, ON L6K 3Y7. www.rsescanada.com >> The Ontario Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Contractors Association and the UA Local 787–Joint Training and Apprenticeship Committee first-year Apprenticeship Intake Program is currently upgrading its application website. The revamped website will be ready this fall and open for applications during the annual intake period of December 1, 2014 to February 28, 2015 www.oraca.ca >> The 2014 ASHRAE Handbook—Refrigeration, which covers refrigeration equipment and systems for applications other than human comfort, is available for purchase. The 51 chapters in this volume include information on cooling, freezing and storing food; industrial applications of refrigeration; and low-temperature refrigeration. www.ashrae.org >> Google Inc. bought Nest Labs Inc. for $3.2 billion in cash.

The home devices developer will remain its own unit within Google. Launched in 2011, the popular Nest Learning Thermostat is joined by the recently launched Protect (Smoke + CO Alarm) product. For more information about home automation, read Ian McTeer’s article on p48 of HPAC’s May edition at www.hpacmag.com (see archives). >> COHA National and the Ontario chapter of the oil heat association have moved to Lindsay, ON. The mailing address is PO Box 388, Station main, K9V 4S3. Telephone and fax numbers remain the same. www.cleanerheat.ca <>

The Mechanical Contractors Association of Canada (MCAC) is hosting its 73rd Annual National Conference in St. John’s, NL from September 24 to 27. The theme of this year’s conference is “New Found Opportunities.” It will offer delegates, companions and guests a range of educational programs, networking opportunities and social events.

The keynote speaker at this year’s conference is general Rick Hillier, a native of Newfoundland and Labrador and the former chief of the defense staff for Canadian Forces. Other speakers include Dr. Brian Little, a renowned psychology professor at Harvard University, and Karen Sealy, a design and renovation expert.

The conference also includes the Mechanical Service Contractors of Canada Forum hosted by Timothy Wentz, an associate professor of the construction management department at the University of Nebraska. He will explain how to use a building-labeling program to generate a competitive advantage by addressing client expectations and providing cost savings through a reduction in energy consumption. www.mcac.ca

GET IT FASTER! • Product Recalls • Industry News • Events

• Code Changes • New wholesaler locations • And much more…

Stay connected with Visit hpacmag.com and click on 16

HPAC | august 2014

hpacmag.com

< design

Integrating Elements To Improve Comfort

Design wholeness can be achieved by proficiency in energy, environmental standards and guidelines.

BY robert bean

B

etween the mid 1500s and 1600 the Latin word integratus, meaning to renew or restore, found its way into our vocabulary. Today, “integrated” is used to describe the process of combining or coordinating separate elements so as to provide a harmonious, interrelated whole. In the polar opposite corner of definitions is the word segregation, which is to isolate, divide or prevent the coming together.

Segregation in the building design process is destructive. It afflicts traditional architectural modus operandi and results in such dysfunctional philosophies as: “Here’s the architectural design, now each of you design professionals independently engineer your respective systems to make me and my project successful.” Whereas the integrated process says: “Here’s how our engineered materials, processes

Figure 1 S egregated design leads to abbreviated design considerations to meet the minimum requirements of the building code.

18

HPAC | august 2014

and systems work together now let’s design a building together to enable our collective success.”

In my experience, the former is almost exclusively structured around meeting the minimum requirements of the building codes, but in the latter the outcomes are more likely based on meeting the above minimum requirements of building codes, including indoor environmental and energy standards and guidelines. Meeting the latter requires much greater design literacy than meeting the former.

Take for example Figure 1 where the traditional relationship between an architect/client and the HVAC designer revolves around a very limited scope of practice. This is often based on a very low comprehension of indoor environmental quality and energy strategies.

Here the design dialogue will revolve around familiar words like infiltration, conduction, supply and return air, and possibly pressurization. This is with an ever constant focus on Section 9.33.3.1 of the National Building Code (NBC), which states, “…required heating facilities shall be capable of maintaining an indoor air temperature of not less than 22C (71.6F) in all living spaces.”

Collectively this abbreviated procedure completely ignores the NBC statement: “The design of a technically sound building depends upon many factors beyond simple compliance with building regulations.” Beyond simple compliance with building regulations is the gateway to integratus; the restoration or wholeness in design achieved by being proficient in energy and environmental standards and guidelines.

Such proficiency leads to an understating of the interaction and relationships hpacmag.com

between very real and substantive parameters as shown in Figure 2 and Table 3.

Now you do not have to be Einstein to figure out that if you ignore the comprehensive interactions and relationships illustrated in Figure 2 and only focus on the minimal items in Figure 1, you will likely end up where we are today. That is, in a segregated design process using the lowest allowable benchmarks infamously known for its end result of unhappy owners and occupants. The less than ideal end result develops because whether we like it or not, the occupant will ultimately integrate the resulting ignored elements. The mind and body then become both judge and jury over the indoor space and the associated energy costs. These costs are ultimately inflicted upon the occupants’ health and cash flow as they attempt to correct indoor environmental flaws; a result of ignoring the many other factors.

The following are just a few HVAC examples related to ignoring important elements in a segregated design process:

Let’s take a common situation when the HVAC technicians take the position on lighting such as, “it’s not my responsibility.” Well light is nothing more than radiation you can see. What happens to radiation when it is absorbed? It gets converted to heat…and heat is the domain of the HVAC technician.

How about taking the same position on floor coverings or paint? Short wave radiation (solar) travels through the glass and strikes a flooring or wall surface raising its temperature. What happens to the volatility of chemicals when you heat them up? They outgas and degrade the health of the indoor air, which can affect the health of the occupants. As per ventilation standards, HVAC technicians are supposed to be concerned with source control.i How about the consequences of ignoring the mean radiant temperature and focusing exclusively on air temperature as demanded by

A

B

C

Continued on p20 Figure 2 Integrated design leads to comprehensive design considerations to meet the requirements of standards and guidelines addressing indoor environmental quality and energy. See Tables 1 and 2 for descriptions.

Table 1 Integration Legend 1

ad/absorption-electromagnetic

2

ad/absorption-moisture

3

ad/absorption-chemical (includes odours)

4

reflection-electromagnetic

5

emission - chemical (includes odours)

6

emission-electromagnetic

7

transmission-electromagnetic

8

transmission-electromagnetic-light

9

transmission-sound

10

permeation

11

infiltration/exfiltration

12

radiation-shortwave electromagnetic

13

radiation-long wave electromagnetic

14

conduction

15

convection

16

perspiration/evaporation

17

respiration

18

stratification

19

saturation/desiccation

20

expansion/contraction (includes swelling/shrinking)

21

filtration

22

contamination

23

condensation

24

illumination (long wave, some short wave)

25

pressurization (stack and mechanical effect)

Table 2 Nomenclature tdb

dry bulb temperature

tmr

mean radiant temperature

rh

relative humidity

Rasy

radiant asymmetry

tflr

floor surface temperature

vdr

draft air velocity

vas

air speed velocity

clo

clothing

met

metabolic rate

SA

supply air

RA

return air

Table 3 Energy and mass flows within and through spaces and materials, assemblies of constructions

hpacmag.com

Energy

Mass

heat

moisture

sound/vibration

gases

electromagnetic radiation/light

particulate

kinetic

microbial

chemical

odours august 2014 | HPAC

19

< design

Continued from p19

“If you understand the principles of energy and can comfortably do a heat gain/loss calculation or a radiant design without the use of a computer, you likely have the intellect and logic to grasp the integrated design concepts with ease.” the NBC. Ironically guidance on this topic can also be found in the back corners of the NBC in the appendix, which states: “In addition to controlling condensation, interior surface temperatures must be warm enough to avoid occupant discomfort due to excessive heat loss by radiation.” How many HVAC designers are taught how to calculate inside surface temperatures to see if the building is at risk for

condensation, or to see if the occupants are at risk for discomfort?i i I could go on and on about the evil consequences of design illiteracy and segregation, but let me do something out of character and put a positive spin on this whole topic. Virtually every student I have ever taught has the capacity to learn integrated design. It is not difficult. If you understand the principles of energy and can comfortably do

i See HPAC Magazine, March, 2012 Part 2 Together Forever www.hpacmag.com/news/together-forever/1001534096/?&er=NA ii A free inside surface temperature calculator is available here: www.healthyheating.com/Calculating-inside-surface-temperature.htm#.U7MHPUCBWSo

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HPAC | august 2014

a heat gain/loss calculation, or a radiant design without the use of a computer, you likely have the intellect and logic to grasp the integrated design concepts with ease.

At the end of the day, “combining or coordinating separate elements provides a harmonious, interrelated whole.” That harmony results in improved indoor environmental quality, better productivity, increased learning and lower energy costs. <> Robert Bean, R.E.T., P.L.(Eng.) is president of Indoor Climate Consultants Inc. and a director of www.healthyheating.com.

He serves on ASHRAE Committees: T.C.61. (CM), T.C.6.5 (VM), T.C. 7.04 (VM), SSPC 55 (VM). www.healthyheating.com

Study this fall online and at your own pace Robert Bean, R.E.T., P.L.(Eng.) opens up his integrated design courses to graduates of architectural/engineering programs and those already holding top tier certifications from industry associations and institutes.

Intermediate to advanced programs address the fundamentals and practical applications in indoor environmental quality, building science and radiant based HVAC systems; including a comprehensive study in radiant cooling with dedicated outdoor air systems.

Working on your professional development? Earn as much as 21 AIA Learning Units in just one course. All this and more at www.healthyheating.com. hpacmag.com

< chillers

Avoid Unfortunate Surprises

Freeze protection methods for AC chillers and suggestions to minimize impacts on system performance. BY Adam Meddaugh

E

very spring, building owners across North America start up their air cooled (AC) chillers for the season. However, some of those building owners have an unfortunate revelation that their freeze protection plan was inadequate and they are now facing costly repairs on a frozen chiller.

All major manufacturers of AC chillers offer suggestions for protection against ambient freezing of the equipment, but the equipment warranties offered by these manufacturers rarely, if ever, cover losses resulting from failure to adequately protect the machine from freezing conditions. The building owner or service company is responsible for ensuring equipment is adequately protected from freezing conditions and that the freeze protection system is maintained and is operating correctly under all circumstances.

One size does not fit all for freeze protection methods. Varying by climate, they are based on the number of anticipated hours below freezing the chiller will see per year, as well as the minimum extreme ambient temperature the machine will experience.

These methods include: draining the

evaporator; utilizing evaporator pump control and/or electric heaters; locating the evaporator within the heated building; or adding freeze inhibiting solutions to the chilled water.

plates in the evaporator, so if the evaporator is drained, start-up procedure in the spring should include cleaning any fouling of the equipment â&#x20AC;&#x201C; otherwise chiller performance is degraded.

DRAINING THE EVAPORATOR

EVAPORATOR PUMP CONTROL

Draining the evaporator is an effective way to prevent freezing, but it is not always as simple as it sounds. Depending on the type of evaporator in the machine and the location of the drain plug, it may be difficult to drain out all of the water. This is problematic as shell- and tube-flooded type and brazed plate-type heat exchangers can be damaged by very small amounts of water left in the evaporator.

Although shell and tube direct expansion type evaporators are more forgiving, they may also damage refrigerant piping if all of the water is not completely drained. Back flushing with glycol after draining eliminates the freeze potential for water trapped in the evaporator.

Draining the evaporator, however, introduces a new challenge for chillers.

When water is removed, there is potential for oxidation since internal components become exposed to the air. This may lead to some fouling of the tubes or

Evaporator pump control is one method of freeze protection that is recommended or required by most major AC chiller manufacturers. If the evaporator entering water temperature approaches freezing conditions and the chiller is not in active cooling mode, the chiller will enable the evaporator pump. The chilled water circulating through pipes in the building will add enough heat to prevent freezing in mild climates. However, the chilled fluid must be allowed to flow through the building, have either direct or over-riding control of the evaporator pump, and maintain power for this strategy to work. This method is most effective when combined with other freeze protection strategies.

ELECTRIC HEATERS All major AC chiller manufacturers offer the option of electric heaters in the evaporator of the machine for freeze protection. Evaporator heaters are controlled by the chiller and are energized when the chiller senses that there is a potential for freezing in the evaporator.

They are not functional during power outages, but electric heaters are often combined with evaporator pump control to help eliminate potential stratification and localized freezing in the evaporator.

REMOTE MOUNTING When it comes to air cooled chillers, one size does not fit all for freeze protection methods.

22

HPAC | august 2014

Locating evaporators indoors is a technique that eliminates the risk of freezhpacmag.com

main forms: ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. Both types of glycol must contain suitable inhibitors for thermal stability in order to prevent corrosion in the piping system and equipment.

Ethylene glycol solution is a better choice for operational efficiency. It has lower viscosity and higher thermal conductivity at operating temperatures than a similar concentration of propylene glycol. But ethylene glycol solution can be fatally toxic if ingested, whereas propylene glycol generally has a much lower toxicity.

The freeze protection quality provided by glycol increases with the concentration in the chilled water – to a point. Thermal conductivity decreases and viscosity of the chilled fluid increases with the concentration of glycol in the solution. The minimum concentration of glycol should be used based on the level of freeze protection required for the application.

ing in AC chiller applications. The "remote" evaporator ships separate from the chiller and is mounted in a heated mechanical room, while the rest of the chiller is mounted outdoors.

All refrigerant piping and control wiring extensions are provided in the field at the direction of the manufacturer, similar to a large split system. This solution not only addresses the freeze protection for the chiller, but also for the chilled water piping.

Remote evaporators may see minor performance losses as a result of the increased refrigerant pressure drop. In addition to ensuring refrigerant piping be performed according to manufacturer’s suggestions to ensure proper performance, ASHRAE Standard 15, "Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems" should be followed regarding refrigerant management in the mechanical space. The remote evaporator solution is one of the two preferred methods of freeze protection that does not rely on operator involvement and is unlikely to fail in the event of power loss.

FREEZE Vs BURST PROTECTION The terms freeze and burst protection are often used when selecting glycol concentrations for HVAC/R systems.

Freeze protection is the concentration level required to prevent ice crystals from forming in the solution for the selected temperature range. It is chosen to protect the machine for the operational conditions of the chilled

FREEZE INHIBITING ADDITIVE The addition of glycol to the chilled fluid in a concentration adequate for the application freeze point is another dependable method of freeze protection. Glycol is available as an HVAC chilled fluid additive in two

Table 1 Concentration levels for ethylene and propylene glycol solutions Temperature

Per cent Volume Glycol Concentration Required For Freeze Protection

For Burst Protection

°F

°C

Ethylene Glycol

Propylene Glycol

Ethylene Glycol

Propylene Glycol

20

6.7

17

18

12

12

10

-12.2

27

29

18

20

0

-17.8

36

36

24

24

-10

-23.3

42

42

28

28

-20

-28.9

48

46

32

30

-30

-34.4

52

50

32

33

-40

-40

56

54

32

35

*These figures are examples only and may not be appropriate for all situations. hpacmag.com

fluid in medium temperature brine applications. Burst protection is the concentration required to protect the equipment from ambient freezing when the equipment is not in operation.

Burst protection concentration levels may let some ice crystals form, but will not allow enough freezing for expansion to occur. Table 1 shows the required concentration levels for both freeze and burst protection of ethylene and propylene glycol solutions.* Generally, for an extended margin of protection, the glycol concentration should be selected for a temperature in this table that is at least 5F (3C) lower than the expected lowest ambient temperature the equipment will see. The inhibitor levels in most commercially available glycol additives are based on at least 20 per cent concentration in solution.

Inhibitor level adjustment may be necessary when the required glycol concentrations are different. It is important to note that concentrations above 32 per cent for ethylene and 35 per cent for propylene glycol provide no additional protection benefit, but increased concentrations will continue to degrade system performance.

There are many different methods available for protecting AC chillers from freezing ambient conditions. It is important to choose the best method that fits each application. Whichever freeze protection solution is selected, remember that equipment manufacturers rarely warrant failures due to ambient freezing. The solution chosen should be as fail-safe and operator independent as possible to protect the AC chiller investment. <> Adam Meddaugh, LEED AP, is a director of positive displacement chillers at Daikin Applied. He has been in the industry for 20 years. www.daikinapplied.com august 2014 | HPAC

23

< events

11th IEA Heat Pump Conference

M

ontreal was the host city of the 11th International Energy Agency (IEA) Heat Pump Conference, held May 12 to 15, 2014. Heat pump professionals from Canada and around the world gathered at the Fairmont Le Reine Elizabeth to learn about global advances in all heat pump technologies, applications and market penetration.

At the conference banquet on May 14 Denis Tanguay president and CEO of the CanadianGeoExchange Coalition (CGC) and chairman of the 11th Heat Pump Conference National Organizing Committee, noted that it was the 30th anniversary of the conference. The first conference, held in Graz, Austria in 1984, was prompted by the oil embargo. In 2014 the concerns are green house gas and efficiency. “The topics remain valid 30 years after,” said Tanguay.

A highlight of the evening was the presentation of the Ritter von Rittinger Medal to five industry leaders. Canadian Dr. Michel Bernier of Polytechnique Montréal was among the recipients of the highest international award in the air conditioning, heating and refrigeration field (see p10 for other news regarding Dr. Bernier). The award highlights outstanding contributions to the advancement of international collaboration in research, policy and market development and applications for energy-efficient heat pumping technologies that result in environmental benefits. It is awarded every three years in conjunction with the International IEA Heat Pump Conference.

Dr. Sophie Hosatte, chair of the IEA Heat Pump program executive committee, presented the awards. "It is my great

pleasure to recognize these dignified gentlemen and honour them with the industry's most prestigious prize," said Hosatte during the ceremony. "Our award winners are undoubtedly five of the most influential individuals in the history of the IEA Heat Pump program."

Daniel Ellis, the president of ClimateMaster Inc., USA was recognized for his product innovation and market development activity for geothermal heat pumps. Ellis, who has been active with geothermal heat pumps since 1978, led the industry efforts that resulted in U.S. federal tax incentives for ground source heat pumps (GSHPs). ClimateMaster’s Trilogy 40 was among the products featured on the exhibit floor. The geothermal heat pump is certified by the Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) to exceed 40 EER at ground-loop (GLHP) conditions.

In his closing remarks, Tanguay reported that there were 90 oral presentations and 80 poster sessions on the program.

"We received over 300 abstracts for the conference from 32 countries and selecting the final program was not an easy task," said Tanguay. "The end result was a successful opportunity for dialogue that will help to bridge the gaps between applied and fundamental research, product commercialization, regulation and market transformation."

Attendance reached 325 and according to Hosatte, interest in the conference has been steadily increasing. The next IEA conference will be held in 2017 with the dates and location to be determined.

CGC's 7th Geothermal Heat Pump Business and Policy Forum was held May 16 at the same venue. <> Continued on p57

Denis Tanguay with Dr. Sophie Hosatte, director of the Buildings Group, CanmetENERGY and a member of the international organizing committee following the close of the 11th IEA Heat Pump Conference.

24

HPAC | august 2014

Site visits in and around Montreal allowed IEA delegates to see technology and research in action. Shown here is Louis Lamarche (l) of Ecole de technologie superieure (ETS) explaining the ETS heat pump research during a site visit at the public engineering school. hpacmag.com

MODERN HYDRONICS 2014 autumn

Design fundamentals

Ramping Up System performance How To Use

pumps For

zoning COOLING OPTIONS THE LANGUAGE OF ENERGY AND POWER a publication of

PRODUCT SHOWCASE

Do your best work.

Air Eliminators

SmartPlus

iSeries Mixing Valves

ProFit Parts

Software

FloPro Tutorials

MODERN Hydronics a supplement of Heating Plumbing Air Conditioning Magazine HPAC Magazine 80 Valleybrook Drive, Toronto, ON M3B 2S9 TEL: 416.442.5600 FAX: 416.510.5140 www.hpacmag.com Editor Kerry Turner (416) 510-5218 KTurner@hpacmag.com assistant editor Associate publisher Account manager sales & marketing coordinator Art Director Market Production Manager Circulation Manager PUBLISHER

Patrick Callan (416) 442-5600, ext. 3524 David Skene (416) 510-6884 DSkene@hpacmag.com Stephen Kranabetter (416) 510-6791 SKranabetter@hpacmag.com Kim Rossiter (416) 510-6794 KRossiter@bizinfogroup.ca Sandy MacIsaac (416) 442-5600, ext. 3242 Barb Vowles (416) 510-5103 BVowles@bizinfogroup.ca Selina Rahaman (416) 442-5600, ext. 3528 SRahaman@bizinfogroup.ca

Contents MH4

Energy and Power

Getting the terminology right. By John Siegenthaler

MH6 Ramping Up System Performance

How do you determine the efficiency of the heating system you are recommending to a customer?

By Mark Norris

MH14 HYDRONIC PRODUCT SHOWCASE

Peter Leonard (416) 510-6847 PLeonard@hpacmag.com

BIG Magazines LP Tim Dimopoulos, Executive publisher Corinne Lynds, Editorial Director Alex Papanou, Vice-president of canadian publishing Bruce Creighton, President of Business Information Group HPAC Magazine receives unsolicited materials (including letters to the editor, press releases, promotional items and images) from time to time. HPAC Magazine, its affiliates and assignees may use, reproduce, publish, re-publish, distribute, store and archive such unsolicited submissions in whole or in part in any form or medium whatsoever, without compensation of any sort.

Notice: HPAC Magazine, BIG Magazines LP, a division of Glacier BIG Holdings Company Ltd., their staff, officers, directors and shareholders (hence known as the “Publisher”) assume no liability, obligations, or responsibility for claims arising from advertised products. The Publisher also reserves the right to limit liability for editorial errors, omissions and oversights to a printed correction in a subsequent issue. HPAC Magazine’s editorial is written for management level mechanical industry personnel who have documented training in the mechanical fields in which they work. Manufacturers’ printed instructions, datasheets and notices always take precedence to published editorial statements.

We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Periodical Fund (CPF) for our publishing activities.

Proud member of:

MH21 COOLING OPTIONS

FOR HYDRONIC APPLICATIONS

By Mike Butler

Take the time to understand the fundamentals. By Steve Goldie

Design option uses pumps to control flow. By Mike Miller

MH24 Complex times call for drastic measures

MH26 Less Is More

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MODERN HYDRONICS

Autumn 2014

| MH3

7/17/2014 11:36:21 AM

>> Terminology

Energy & Power The terms are different but related

M

ost HPAC readers deal with units such as Btu/hr, kilowatts, °C and many others on a daily basis. For the most part, you use valid units to describe physical quantities. For example, you know that flow rate is measured in gallon per minute (gpm), and not gallons. You also know that temperature is expressed in °C or °F, and not in therms. However, when it comes to the difference between energy and power, our industry tends to get sloppy with its terminology. For example, some of us might tell a potential customer how a new geothermal heat pump system could reduce their “power bill.” We might also describe the choice between a couple of boilers as the 75 000 Btu model versus a 100 000 Btu model.

While I am sure that these statements each convey a valid point, they are both incorrect from a technical point. They are using invalid units for the physical quantities being discussed.

For example, suppose I told you “it is 5.5 hours between where I live and Toronto.” I am using a unit of time to describe a distance. It might take 5.5 hours at an average speed of 60 miles per hour to drive the distance of 330 miles from my house to Toronto. However, it might also take six hours if I average 55 mph, or 4.7 hours if I average 70 mph (and manage not to get pulled over for speeding). The speed I drive does not change the distance. So, if someone wants to know how far it is from my house to Toronto, ON a valid answer would have units of distance (330 miles). For that matter, it would also be technically valid to tell someone it is about 1 742 400 feet, or even about 53 108 352 centimeters from my house to Toronto. Granted, very few people would have any feel for that distance when expressed in either of these units, but nevertheless, both units are valid for describing distance.

TERMINOLOGIST Back in the 1970s, I had a physics professor who was as methodical as a computer and not the least bit tolerant of improper usage of physics terminology. He revered the precise mathematic definitions used to define physical quantities. He was also very careful in using words that at times could only convey partial meaning to physical quantities such as velocity, acceleration, frequency, weight and temperature.

The precision he used made a deep impression on me. It also clarified these concepts and removed the apprehension that many MH4 | autumn 2014

people seem to have over almost anything associated with physics.

Two of the most important principles in all of physics are energy and power. They are also two of the most widely used (and misused) concepts in the HVAC industry.

Most physics textbooks define energy as the ability to do work. At first, this sounds like a pretty loose definition. After all, following a good night’s rest and hearty breakfast, most of us think that we have the ability to do work. The key is in that last word - work.

In physics, work is mathematically defined as the multiplication of a force times the distance over which the force acts. For example, if you lifted a 20 pound weight, three feet above where it was resting, you would have imparted 3 ft x 20 lb. = 60 ft•lb of mechanical energy to that object. Thus a ft•lb (pronounced foot pound) is a unit of energy (albeit a fairly small amount). As such, it can be converted to any other unit of energy.

For example: 778.2 ft•lb = 1 Btu The unit of ft•lb is most commonly associated with mechanical energy, whereas the unit Btu is usually associated with thermal energy. However, mechanical energy can be converted to an equivalent amount of thermal energy. It is like comparing the unit of kilometer, which is commonly used to express distances that we drive or bike, to nanometers, a unit of distance often used to describe the width of conductor paths in microprocessors. Both are units of distance and each happens to be more commonly used for certain types of distance measurements.

In hydronics the unit of ft•lb is concealed in the definition of “head.” We commonly state the head produced by a circulator in units of feet. This comes from the following ratio:

ft • lb = ft lb Since the unit of lb appears in the top and bottom of the fraction, it mathematically cancels out and we can just state pump head in units of feet. However, I still contend that the best understanding of head comes when it is thought of as the number of ft•lbs of mechanical energy added to each lb. of fluid that passes through the circulator.

POWERFUL THOUGHTS In physics, power is defined as the instantaneous rate of energy transfer. Although the word energy is in the definition of power, the word rate makes the concept of power as different from energy as speed is from distance.

MODERN HYDRONICS

www.hpacmag.com

Modern Hydronics

In the HVAC trade we are usually concerned with rates of energy flow, rather than a quantity of energy. The thermal output of a boiler is a rate, as is the output from a heat emitter and the heat loss of a building. Some of the most common units for power in our trade are: Btu/hr, watt and kilowatt.

In North America, the units of watt and kilowatt are most often associated with electrical power. However, they are just as valid for describing the rate of heat output from a boiler and are commonly used as such in Europe. Thus, a European installer asking his wholesaler for a 21 kW gas-fired boiler is just as common as an installer in North America asking their supplier for a 72 000 Btu/hr boiler. Just have a look at the thermal ratings of boilers, heat pumps or heat emitters shown on the websites of European manufacturers. North America is about the only place on earth that lists thermal ratings in units of Btu/hr.

The conversion factor between kilowatts and Btu/hr is used so commonly that it is worth memorizing:

1 kW = 3413 Btu/hr They are not the same thing. The relationship between energy and power is pretty simple:

Energy = power x time It is analogous to the relationship: Distance = speed x time.

Distance and speed are related, but they are not the same thing and the same applies to energy and power.

If a device supplies power at one kilowatt and maintains that power for one hour, it will have supplied:

Energy = 1 kW x 1 hr = 1 kWhr The unit kwhr is also sometimes abbreviated as kWh. If a heat emitter dissipated heat at a rate of 250 watts for three hours it will have supplied the following amount of energy to the room:

Energy = 250 w x 3 hr = 750 whr = 0.75 kWhr A kWhr is a unit of energy, and as such, can be converted to any other unit of energy. For example 1 kWhr = 3413 Btu The vast majority of us buy electrical energy from a utility and we are charged based on the number of kWhr of energy we have used in that billing period. The term “power bill” is not correct. It is in fact an energy bill that we receive.

FIGURE IT OUT Recognizing the relationship between units and the physical quantities they represent can be helpful. For example, take a look at Figure 1. I took this photo in the mechanical room of a hotel in Cologne, Germany. This device was connected to a pipe and had an odometer-like totalizer that gave a reading in MWh (e.g. Megawatt•hours). It also had a scale indicating “Temp Diff” (e.g. temperature differential) in °C. Inside the glass cover was an assortment of springs, gears, shafts, and linkages that would make a clockmaker proud. So what do you think it is?

Well, it gives a readout of MWh (megawatt•hours), which is a large unit of energy, so it must be an energy meter. The connecwww.hpacmag.com

Figure 1

tion to the pipe measured flow rate and the multiplication of flow rate times temperature differential is directly proportional to energy.

The system’s caretaker confirmed my suspicion. He also told me that this thermal energy meter has been in place and operational since the 1960s. No wires, no batteries, no microprocessors, just an elegant mechanical integrator mechanism.

BE A PRO Over the years I have seen technical publications, product literature, advertisements and even materials issued by ASHRAE, that have described energy, or energy savings, using terms like kilowatts, or kilowatts per hour. The former is a unit of power and the latter is undefined. Sadly, few North Americans would recognize these errors, or even care.

But caring about details, even when it is a seemingly small difference, is what makes a professional different from the average Joe Wrenchturner. So be a pro and use the right terminology and the right units when dealing with energy or power. I will appreciate it, and so would my old physics professor. <> - John Siegenthaler John Siegenthaler, P.E., is a mechanical engineering graduate of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and a licensed professional engineer.

He has over 34 years experience in designing modern hydronic heating systems. He is also an associate professor emeritus of engineering technology at Mohawk Valley Community College in Utica, NY.

MODERN HYDRONICS

autumn 2014

| MH5

>> Efficiency

Ramping Up System Performance

H

ow do you determine the efficiency of the heating system that you are recommending to a customer?

It is an important question that comes up regularly, but there is no simple answer. The simple answer would be the published boiler efficiency, right? Simple, maybe, but probably not correct because the published efficiencies will rarely be an accurate representation of real system efficiency.

The testing that residential boilers undergo for annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE), or the BTS-2000 tests that commercial boilers are subject to, are controlled environment tests, intended to provide a base line for all appliances in that category.

These appliances are tested to the same conditions, under the same standard, so you can compare them all with equal data.

Unfortunately, it is not possible to represent all of the variables that our heating systems are exposed to in what is essentially a laboratory test. There are also several things we can do to make our system efficiencies better that the tests do not consider.

So where do we get the information required to determine our systemâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s efficiency? Go to the source for that installation.

Look at the design, the equipment and how you intend on using them. Under the right conditions you can potentially exceed the AFUE or other standard tests in the field. Other times you may not even get close to the rated efficiencies. Mostly it comes down to the designer or contractor installing the system. In the case of a retrofit, the equipment that will remain will also influence the efficiencies.

When designing or assessing a new or retrofit system the place to start is the heat emitters. Higher temperature emit-

ters will be less efficient than lower temperature types. Fin tube heat emitters, for example, require hotter water and more energy to supply the same amount of heat to the space in comparison to lower temperature radiant floor designs.

Older fan coils will require higher temperature water than newer fan coil designs, so the same logic applies (see Figure 1).

It starts with how hot you need to get the water to provide enough heat on a design day (coldest day of the year). Do not make the mistake of thinking that you will need to supply 8285C water to fin tube heat emitters for them to function.

You can get a lot of heat out of a higher temperature emitter at lower temperatures if you have enough emitters. The same applies to most other types of heat emitters as well. The heat emitter manufacturers will have a chart or table that will give you a method to determine how much heat their product will deliver at lower than the published design temperatures and flow rates.

With any hydronic heating system, outdoor reset temperature controls can adjust the system water temperature required to heat the space on the design day to the lower temperatures needed for a warmer winter day. Remember, heat moves from a warm place to a colder place faster with a greater temperature difference, so the building will lose heat faster on a colder day. Building envelope efficiency is also a factor in the rate of heat loss. A building with good insulation and tight windows will lose heat more slowly than one with poor insulation and leaky windows on a day of the same outdoor temperature. Because the heat emitters do not change

Figure 1 Fan coils for condensing boilers Larger coil with greater HX surface area.

Figure 2 Heating Curve

MH6 | autumn 2014

MODERN HYDRONICS

www.hpacmag.com

Modern Hydronics

from warmer to colder days, we compensate for that greater heat loss by increasing the water temperature, or reducing it on warmer winter days when the heat loss is less. That is what outdoor reset does automatically (see Figures 2,3).

The three to one rule states that for every three degrees C that the average heating system temperature is reduced, one per cent less fuel will be consumed. This works with all hydronic heating systems. In reality we typically only need our design day temperatures for about two to four per cent of the heating season almost everywhere in Canada. How many contractors change the factory reset heating curve settings? I find that nearly half of the students in my classes do not change the heating curve values because they do not understand what it does, or how to adjust them correctly.

If I apply that same outdoor reset control to a high efficiency condensing boiler, I also get the added value of the condensing process returning energy that would normally be lost to outside through the venting system back into the heating system. When the flue gas changes from a vapour to a liquid (condensate) it has to give up a bunch of energy. When that happens at the boiler’s heat exchanger, that energy can be transferred to the heating system (see Figure 4). How much energy is that? It is approximately 8095 Btus per USG of condensate.

The deeper the reset, the more condensate can be produced and the more energy is recovered (see Figures 5a,5b).

Measure or calculate the amount of condensate coming from the boiler to determine how much energy is recovered for determining efficiency. The efficiency numbers from your combustion analyzer only tell part of the story. Your combustion analyzer only sees the sensible heat (non-condensing) portion of the process. However, your combustion analyzer does provide more information about the boiler’s efficiency than simple efficiency percentage.

If you are using a burner that requires combustion setup, how much excess air that is introduced will change the CO2 percentage and consequently the dew point. Newer premix design burners require little or no setup because they can be factory calibrated. Even if the boiler’s burner is preset, you still need a combustion analyzer to verify the machine is working as designed and is operating safely. Without combustion analyzing you are driving a car with no front window.

Dew point temperature will affect when and how much condensate we get from a condensing boiler and therefore effect efficiency (see Figure 6). The higher the C02 in the flue gas, the higher the dew point, so you can start condensing higher return temperatures. If we lived in a perfect world, we could set our burners for 0 per cent excess air (Lambda 1.0, or Stoichiometric) and get the higher efficiency at slightly higher flue gas temperatures. Altitude, humidity, dirt and so on, make it necessary to add excess air so we do not potentially produce CO, which is toxic. As shown earlier, adding too much excess air will lower the efficiency.

Another way to control efficiency in a condensing boiler is to increase the system delta T (the difference between the supply water and the return water to the boiler). Because the rate of condensate is based on the boiler return water temperature, not the supply water temperature, a larger delta T between supply and return can increase the boiler’s efficiency by returning the water to the boiler below the dew point. You can increase the delta T simply by reducing the pumping speed.

If we build a system around a standard 15C delta T with a design day supply temperature of 71C the water will return at 56C, higher than the dew point of approximately 54C at 10 per cent CO2 in the flue gas. If we increase the delta T to 20C or 25C we can get the return temperature down to 51C, or 46C respectively, below the dew point. This will potentially get the boiler condensing even for those few design days (see Figure 7).

Figure 3 Heating curve screenshot

Figure 4 Vapour to liquid

continued on pMH8

• Water vapour turns to liquid when it is reduced in temperature.

• Energy is released when vapour turns to liquid.

www.hpacmag.com

MODERN HYDRONICS

autumn 2014

| MH7

>> Efficiency continued from pMH7 Oversizing the boiler will cause boiler short cycling on milder days and that is a big efficiency robber. Undersizing the boiler can be just as bad because boilers with modulating burners will spend more time at a higher burner output. We can typically add between 1C (at low fire) and 12C (at high fire) to the return water temperature value when calculating the flue gas Figure 5a Condensate flow rate

temperature for wall hung condensing boilers, depending on the burner’s actual modulation output. Once you know the estimated dew point from the excess air calculation you can determine the amount of condensate based on the return water and boiler modulation calculation and therefore the energy being recovered. From this we can see that a condensing boiler with a lower firing rate that is not short cycling will provide higher efficiencies.

When I talk about oversizing, I am talking about the miniFigure 5b Formula to convert, grams of condensate to BTU’s of energy recovered Grams x kWh = grams of condensate Grams of condensate / 3780 = USGal of condensate USGal of condensate x 8095 = BTUs The data shown is for a 985 kW boiler

The data shown is for a 985 kW boiler

~40 °C Return Water Temperature

~30 °C Return Water Temperature

~75 x 985 = 73 875

~102 x 985 = 100 470

73 875 / 3780 = 19.5

100 470 / 3780 = 26.6

19.5 x 8,095 = ~157 852 BTUs

26.6 x 8095 = ~215 327 BTUs

continued on pMH10

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>> Efficiency continued from pMH8 mum output not really the maximum output. Boilers with modulating burners and efficient burner algorithms will modulate to find the lowest firing rate needed to do the job. But the minimum output is the lowest that burner can go and if Figure 6 C02 and Dew Point

Figure 7 ASHRAE Design Day

Figure 8 Boost Chart

the load is smaller than that, we get short cycling under partial load conditions, which occur most of the heating season.

Increasing the system mass with a buffer tank or more heat emitters can give us extra stored load capacity for systems using low mass boilers. This adds to system installation costs but is worth doing under some conditions.

So, are bigger turndowns better? Not necessarily. More excess air is typically required for lower firing rates to maintain flame stability. The larger the turndown, the more excess air is required. We have already seen that higher excess air makes it harder for the boiler to produce the condensate that is the result of the higher energy recovery. This results in a strange little relationship that ends up with less fuel burned but what is burned is burned less efficiently.

How do we increase system turndown without adding too much excess air? Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s look at this scenario. Our building has a turndown between the design day load and the base load (smallest load we still need heat for) of eight to one. The boiler design has a functional turndown of five to one. To install a boiler that can supply enough heat for the coldest day, it will be oversized on the warmest day that heat is required by roughly eight per cent. That may lead to boiler short cycling.

However, the total boiler turndown can be increased to 10 to one if two smaller boilers are connected with a cascade control that can efficiently operate them as a team. This requires communication between the boilers and the cascade so the cascade can know how hard each boiler is working.

Depending on the cascade controlâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s functionality, on mid level loads you could operate two boilers in low fire instead of one boiler at a higher firing rate and reduce the net flue gas temperature. This keeps the flue gas temperatures further below the dew point, which will produce more condensate.

Because the lowest firing rate is 1/10 of the maximum, less heat is provided without short cycling on partial load days.

Multiple boilers will cost more to operate and install than a single boiler because of the extra pumps, controls, piping and so on, but this can usually be offset by the higher condensate volumes and reduced short cycling that results when multi boiler designs are applied to buildings with larger turndown loads. It also provides a level of redundancy in case of equipment failures.

Looking at the maximum boiler output compared to load, a boiler system that has a larger output than design will provide extra capacity for morning boost to recover from the setback faster (see Figure 8). This also requires enough emitter capacity to take that capacity and a control that can provide a boost function. (This is not the optimization algorithm that some setback controls have; this is the ability to increase the outdoor reset set point by a value for a short time during morning warm up. Most optimization logic starts the system earlier or later depending on previous history). continued on pMH12

MH10 |

autumn 2014

MODERN HYDRONICS

www.hpacmag.com

>> Efficiency continued from pMH10 Up until now I have focused on the combustion and thermal heat transfer efficiencies. Electrical efficiencies are also part of the equation. It is estimated that pumping accounts for up to one fifth of the electrical energy used in a hydronic heating system. One pump manufacturer estimates that 99 per

cent of pumps in commercial buildings are oversized. When you consider that most of the year we are under partial load conditions this makes the oversizing worse.

As we include more zoning in our systems the volume of water circulated changes. The use of high efficiency vari-

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Whether you are installing a residential plumbing or heating system, or designing a large commercial installation HeatLink has the products, systems, and design capabilities to meet your needs.

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MH12 | autumn 2014

able speed pumps can reduce the electrical consumption for pumping by up to 75 per cent.

While I believe that variable speed pumps are a wise consideration for a lot of pumping needs, they are not a complete solution. Changing the flow through the heat exchanger of a modulating boiler will tend to lead to burners hunting to find the stable output. This is because a boiler sees varying flow as a varying load. This is another good reason to pipe systems in a primary secondary configuration.

A fixed speed circulator through the boiler stabilizes the flow so the burner can be more efficient in its modulation, and selected variable speed pumps in zones where zoning requires flow changes to maintain delta T through the heat emitters.

In summary, remember the follwing points and you will be well on your way to delivering truly efficient systems: • Lower temperature heat emitters set up to operate with a larger delta T and flow rates that can adapt to zoning flow changes will get us lower return temperatures.

• Higher CO2 levels in our flue gas will get us higher dew points.

• Lower return water temperatures and a higher dew point will lead to higher efficiencies for the hydronic system.

• Higher mass systems with more heat emitter capacity and burners sized for minimum loads with extra capacity and control for morning boost will reduce short cycling.

In addition to the topics covered here, efficient piping layouts, pipe insulation, and water treatment, will also affect the overall fuel, thermal and electrical efficiencies of the system, but these are topics on their own. <> - MARK NORRIS Mark Norris is a technical instructor with Viessmann Manufacturing Company Inc.

MODERN HYDRONICS

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>> Products

The Schluter-Bekotec is a modular screed system best suited for hydronic radiant heating applications. It reduces thermal mass, provides thermal insulation, and allows for hydronic radiant tube application without fasteners.

The basis for this system is a studded polystyrene screed panel that is placed directly over any load-bearing substrate. The studs form a grid pattern with a distance of three inches between studs to accept hydronic heating tubes ⅜-in. to ⅝-in. O.D. www.schluter.com

The Freedom radiator by Jaga Climate Systems features an aluminum grill with black rubber lining and a compact design. Designed for small and sustainable spaces, this radiator works best when using heat pumps and new heating techniques at very low water temperatures. Also suitable for condensing and noncondensing cooling, all Freedom radiators are

Sinus Verteiler’s Multi-zone Distributor is de-

fitted with a condensation drain.

signed with three temperature zones and an

www.jaga-usa.com

integrated hydraulic compensator to avoid mutual interference. The connection between the high- and low-temperature circuits in normal operation provides the desired minimum return-flow temperature for driving the condens-

Available in two, 2.5 and three-ton sizes, the

ing boiler in the condensation range. The result

Vertical Air Handler from Unico offers efficient

is high efficiency due to optimal utilization of

and quiet operation in hard-to-cool areas –

the heat in the hot water.

closets, basements, mechanical rooms –

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and gives contractors an additional choice for installation. The handler is a single cabinet with a blower and heat pump coil. A hot water coil can be added to this mix or a hot water only unit can be ordered. www.unicosystem.com

The SmartTool stapling system from Malco

The Stratos Giga from Wilo uses high efficiency

Products is designed for faster and smarter

ECM motor technology in a dryrunner pump for

installation of a PEX in-floor radiant heating

significant energy savings compared to a stan-

layout on a wire grid. This ergonomic tool is

dard pump. The Stratos Giga series features

38.5 in. tall, weighs 6.1 lb., and operates from

sensorless controls, seamless integration

a standing position to attach SmartClips to a

into building management systems and “red

10-ga (3.5 mm) wire grid. A large capacity, top-

button” technology to make start up and op-

loading magazine holds more than 40 Smart-

eration as convenient as possible. The range

Clips (two loading strips) for uninterrupted,

includes 1.5 in. up to 2.5 in. models with up to

smooth, one-stroke stapling.

167 ft. of head and 275 USGPM flow.

www.malcotools.com

www.wilo-canada.com

MH14 | autumn 2014

MODERN HYDRONICS

www.hpacmag.com

Modern Hydronics

Delivering up to 95.2 per cent AFUE, the ECO Boiler from WeilMcLain Canada is designed to provide optimum heating and save contractors time. The ECO’s stainless steel fire tube heat ex-

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changer with dimple tube design allows it to surpass Energy Star efficiency requirements. It also has a corrosion-resistant polypropylene condensate collection base, a large LCD display and optional accessories for installation needs. www.weil-mclain.ca

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Aquatherm’s polypropylene-random (PP-R) piping systems feature a PEX compression adapter made of PP-R and lead-free brass. This adapter allows installers to transition between Aquatherm and PEX in potable water and radiant systems. Available in ½-in., ¾-in., and 1-in. diameters, the adapter

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is also zero-lead and manufactured to ASTM F1960. www.aquatherm.com www.hpacmag.com

continued on pMH16 MODERN HYDRONICS

autumn 2014

| MH15

>> Products continued from pMH15

KN-Series gas-fired direct vent cast iron condensing boilers by Advanced Thermal Hydronics combine the high 99 per cent efficiency and small footprint of modern low mass boilers with the long life and reliability of cast iron boilers. Available with inputs ranging from 200 to 3000 MBH, KN-Series boilers are ideal for commercial or large residential applications, including apartment complexes, institutional buildings with radiant heating systems, water source heat pumps and snow melt. www.hydrotherm.com The MagnaTherm from Laars is a 95 per cent thermal efficiency modulating-condensing boiler or volume water heater, available in two, three and four million Btuh sizes. MagnaTherm offers a 5:1 turndown, small footprint, multiple voltage options, a stainless steel heat exchanger, and a slim vertical design with removable top section. The boiler also features an advanced vari-prime pump control that matches boiler-firing rate to pump flow. www.laars.com

The EPJ Indirect Tank Series from Allied Engineering features 444 stainless steel tank and coil. A polypropylene plastic casing gives the tank a durable dent and scratch resistant finish. The EPJ tank is available in 40 and 56 gallon models. The high recovery rate makes the tank a great fit for any hydronic heating system. www.alliedboilers.com

continued on pMH18 MH16 |

autumn 2014

MODERN HYDRONICS

www.hpacmag.com

>> Products continued from pMH16

Uponor North America has designed six new ProPEX lead-free brass CPVC Adapter Fittings for transitioning from CPVC to PEX in commercial plumbing and hydronic distribution piping systems. The fittings, which are available in 1¼-in., 1½-in. and 2-in. sizes, are offered in a spigot and a socket adapter. All feature Uponor’s ASTM F1960 ProPEX expansion system for connecting to PEX piping. www.uponor.ca

The Bosch Heatronic 4000 controls and monitors both condensing and non-condensing commercial boilers that have modulating, single-stage, two-stage and dual fuel burners.

Designed and configured with commercial and light industrial installers in mind, the control has a Bosch/Buderus boiler menu selector Lochinvar has launched its FTXL Fire Tube

with the entire range of condensing and non-

RBI’s Infinite Energy2 (IE2) uses a radial vari-

Boiler for light commercial applications. With

condensing, stainless steel, cast iron and cast

able circulation stainless steel heat exchanger

five models ranging from 399 999 to 850 000

aluminum commercial boilers with individual

for maximum heat transfer and operating effi-

Btuh, this boiler delivers up to 10:1 turndown

inputs from 215 to 5443 MBH.

ciencies of up to 98 per cent. The IE2 is avail-

and up to 98 per cent thermal efficiency. With

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able from 199 to 1000 MBH and up to 20:1

a redesigned multi-color LCD interface and

firing rate modulation per unit. Units are PVC,

many new control features, the operating sys-

The Presscon tailpiece with union nut is de-

polypropylene and stainless steel vent capable.

tem offers the option of direct integration into

signed to make installation and maintenance

They can be installed in a multiple unit master/

a building automation system through commu-

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member configuration (eight units max) using

nication protocols such as Modbus or BACnet.

The fitting creates a leak-proof seal and is

its on-board control. www.rbiwaterheaters.com

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available in ¾-in. press x 1-in. female union nut, which fits many Caleffi components with

MH18 | autumn 2014

Armstrong Fluid Technology has introduced Main-

1-in.

tenance-Free (MF) versions of its S&H Circula-

thread. The tailpiece is com-

tor line and the Seal Bearing Assemblies (SBA)

patible within a working tem-

used to service them, which eliminates the need

perature range of 0 to 250F

for oiling. The line is available as an additional

for up to 50 per cent glycol

option alongside the traditional sleeve bearing

mixtures and pressure rated

designs. The SBAs are compatible with many

to 200 psi. The fitting meets

competing circulator models that require mainte-

2014 low-lead requirements.

nance. www.armstrongfluidtechnology.com

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MODERN HYDRONICS

male

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www.hpacmag.com

Modern Hydronics

IBC has released eight new boilers including the DC Series Combi Boiler, which combines domestic hot water and space heating in a single compact design. The boiler condenses continually in both space heating and domestic hot water modes. A dual two in one, back-to-back heat exchanger eliminates the need for a diverter valve and secondary domestic hot water plate heat exchanger. Features include outdoor reset technology and unique “self learning” ECOmode for greater DHW efficiencies. www.ibcboiler.com Viega’s new zone valves are designed to make installing and operating radiant heating and cooling easier.

Available with multiple connection types, these zone valves integrate into hydronic systems and adapt to nearly any connection type from Viega ProPress or Viega PEX Press.

Features include high flow capacity and low power consumption. www.viega.com

HeatLink’s line of pre-engineered boiler panels is designed for use with Weil-McLain and Viessmann condensing, high efficiency, wallmounted boilers. The panel is a prefabricated hydronic distribution system that streamlines installation times. The panels provide multi-zone capability and are available with mounting and piping options to suit boiler room layouts, and require minimal space. www.heatlink.com

The System Commander HVAC Control Series integrates entire heating, cooling, humidification and ventilation systems into one central network, which is easily accessible by smartphone or any mobile device. Its modular design allows you to scale or expand the system to fit any HVAC mechanical installation. Multiple functions, like domestic hot water (DHW) control, mixing, snow melt, OAT, CO2 or humidity detection and much more, can be combined and integrated for automatic recognition and command execution. www.thermomatrix.com www.hpacmag.com

MODERN HYDRONICS

autumn 2014

| MH19

>> Cooling

Options For Hydronic Applications

C

ooling in a hydronic heating environment suggests that the heating is already present. In the perfect total system design, heat is delivered from the floor and cooling from the ceiling or high wall. This approach also carries the potential to eliminate the need for ductwork. How do we handle cooling for these areas if hydronic cooling is not included in the design or in a retrofit situation?

When adding or replacing cooling to a house the buyer has many choices with an “A” coil split system. Each manufacturer offers a variety of models depending on the price paid and the efficiency of the machine – typically a good/better/best scenario with the latter costing the most money and delivering the highest efficiency or lowest operating cost. Another benefit to the higher efficiency air conditioner is a much quieter system.

Cooling terminology Residential cooling refers to any space used for a family dwelling — one that requires human comfort only, and not professional accoutrements. For example, a house used as a doctor’s office is considered commercial use.

Commercial cooling refers to any non-residential cooling environment. Some conditions to be considered are (i) building type, (ii) materials used, like brick, stone, wood siding, aluminum/steel panels or concrete panels, (iii) various types of insulation in walls and ceilings and the insulation’s R values, (iv) exposure to sun and wind, and sun blockage from trees or other buildings, (v) amount of glass used in square feet, type of glass (single, double, triple plate or thermo pane) and any special features, such as reflective ability or E-type glass.

MH20 | autumn 2014

Are there any other solutions? Yes, in fact there are other choices.

1. A fan coil system consists of a fan box/a coil box and a filter box. Mounted indoors, this is connected to a condensing unit outdoors. Ductwork and diffusers are the hook up to deliver the conditioned air to the various rooms. It is also referred to as a split air conditioning system.

2. Ductless systems were first introduced in the mid 1980s, to high-end, hot water heated houses where the only previous method of cooling had been a window fan or a window mounted air conditioner. The window mounts were relatively small in size (and capacity) due to window size constrictions. All window units were considered noisy, especially in bedrooms.

The significant difference with the ductless is the coil (evaporator) is located in the room being cooled – i.e. bedroom or living room. The humidity reduction is instantaneous. You can walk into a room at 85F, turn on the ductless system and instantly feel cool air within the room as well as immediate humidity removal. Within 10 to 15 minutes the room will feel very comfortable. The sound levels are also extremely low.

An added bonus to the ductless system is the low cost to operate the system compared to the conventional split air conditioner. The applications for ductless have grown from residential all-purpose, hot water heated sites to targeting individual rooms, such as a home office, a sunroom, or a third floor addition (that last one, impossible to get ductwork to).

One manufacturer offers a wall mounted version disguised as a mirror or integrated into a picture. For larger homes in downtown areas, where outdoor space is at a premium, the option could be to have multiple indoor units (up to eight) all attached to one outdoor unit. These new options are available in a ductless heat pump version.

MODERN HYDRONICS

continued on pMH22 www.hpacmag.com

Pumps are complex systems in which every detail is crucially important. Our test procedures analyse every single aspect. This allows us to continuously optimise the performance and lifespan of our excellent product portfolio.

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>> Cooling continued from pMH20 STEPS TO CONSIDER Contractors need to fully consider the customers’ expectations. Completely understanding customers’ requirements involves taking detailed notes and leaving specific instructions for the installation department as to the outdoor unit location, drain considerations, type of thermostat required, etc. Contractors should also fully identify all potential problems and advise installers about factors like thermostat location, condensate pump required, plenum changes to fit A-coil, yard access for outdoor unit, etc.

Relevant considerations for notes/instructions: • Multiple systems: with hydronic systems, some people want dehumidification more than cooling, which can be satisfied via multiple ductless units in key rooms • Confirm adequate electrical supply before–not during–installation • Determine exact path of drain for condensate from the A-coil, and whether a pump is required (if so, build it into the price otherwise in order to avoid extras or, worse, absorbing the cost) • Remember: there is only one thermostat per system, so instead of simply remounting the new one in the old location, look around to see if there is a better location that would give a better overall comfort level • Building codes require specific amounts of fresh air—find out if fresh air needs to be added to the contract due to negative pressure in the building (and advise the customer, as this will affect the cost) • Access restrictions: never take access for granted—always survey the area before placing equipment in the mechanical room and placing outdoor units on ground or roof • Do not let the customer determine equipment location: the after-the-fact customer will deny choosing the location and blame the contractor for being the expert and not advising.

5. Temporary Spot Coolers are a good solution for an emergency or temporary problem. They were originally designed for urgent cooling requirements for computer rooms or hospitals. They have since developed into a variety of uses including kitchens, living rooms / bedrooms (senior apartments), fixed window rooms, and home offices. One was even spotted in Japan outside the entrance to a major hotel, to keep their customers cool while they lined up waiting for taxis.

High velocity systems are hidden from view except for the diffusers.

3. A PTAC (Package Terminal Unit) heating cooling unit is a low cost alternative. It is a one-piece decorative air conditioner that fits into a room through the wall sleeve. It can be used in existing, renovation, or new construction applications, normally using one unit per room. These units are typically used in hotel and motel complexes, and also commonly found in apartment rentals and condo units. Vast improvements in system technology, energy efficiency, more accurate temperature control and much lower sound levels make this product a viable choice.

4. A high-pressure system is similar to the fan coil system in terms of equipment and offers good dehumidification. This system is easy to install and is primarily placed in the ceiling space or attic of a building using very small diameter plastic pipes with a high velocity fan system. The pipes run to each room from a central location and are hidden from view except for the diffuser. There is very little disruption to the living area and no need to redecorate after the installation.

MH22 | autumn 2014

Current Environment Government regulations are getting increasingly tougher with higher and higher energy efficiency goals and third party verification of equipment performance. The end result is more technically advanced products that require better educated and skilled service mechanics.

Consumers are more informed and demanding. They want explicit details of what equipment you are supplying and why you chose it. They are Internet savvy and will likely check your information for accuracy before they buy. As a business professional you should always be aware of all current trends to make the best recommendations for each job.

You must give your customer all the proper options for their application to keep the competition honest and secure the business. <> - Mike Butler Mike Butler has over 40 years of sales and marketing experience in the HVAC industry with various manufacturers. He is currently with Airon Group of Companies where he is responsible for sales and application solutions.

MODERN HYDRONICS

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>> Design

Complex Times Call For Basic Measures

I

love how Mother Nature every now and again gives us a good old fashioned smack down, just to remind us who is really boss. The ice storms eastern Canada experienced this past winter are a good example, leaving hundreds of thousands, including yours truly without heat or power. My situation was not as severe as that of many however, having a gas stove we were able to cook and make tea; our standing pilot gas fireplace took the chill off; and our good old fashioned chimney vented standing pilot hot water tank gave us hot showers. The situation definitely illustrated the advantages of older, simpler technology, and made me wish in the moment at least, that I had an old gravity radiator system in my house. Those old standing pilot millivolt boilers could operate without electricity, and the old radiator system could circulate without the aid of pumps simply by relying on the laws of physics, with the heated more buoyant water rising to the top of the system thereby causing the cooler water to return to the boiler creating the natural "gravity" circulation.

Now before you go pulling the circulators off your systems let me clarify, I have not become a Luddite and turned my back on technology. I am simply enjoying a moment of nostalgia. Losing power has its benefits and brought neighbours together to help one another out, perhaps rekindling a true sense of community. Many families likely pulled out board games that had been gathering dust for too long and rediscovered the joys of a family game night. I am sure many people have some happy memories of pulling together and coping during this and other blackouts, but I donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t see many MH24 | autumn 2014

cancelling the utilities and making it a permanent lifestyle choice. Having an old technology boiler system that will still work when the power goes out is definitely desirable, but paying the higher utility bills that go along with it may not be.

Unfortunately I see far too many under performing systems out there, and usually not because the technology is lacking, but because it is improperly installed, misapplied, not understood and/or under utilized.

In order to understand what I mean, letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s look at some of the most common errors we see and how they negatively affect efficiency: oversizing, short cycling, over pumping and improper piping strategies.

Oversizing of boilers continues to be an issue in our industry, and in the case of a boiler, bigger is not better. Burner modulation, which is a feature on over 90 per cent of the boilers I sell these days, certainly helps but it does not solve this problem altogether. If a boiler could modulate infinitely, firing once at the beginning of the heating season and never turning off until the spring, this would approach optimal efficiency. Multiple boiler plants, operating and modulating together can most closely approximate this, but even so we must be careful not to oversize. I understand nobody wants to be caught short but in truth I have been in this business for almost 35 years and I can count on one hand the number of jobs I have seen where the boiler plant was undersized. An accurate heat loss and properly sized boiler plant is the first step to a truly efficient hydronic system.

The second most common problem I see is directly related

MODERN HYDRONICS

www.hpacmag.com

Modern Hydronics

to boiler over sizing and it is boiler short cycling. When a boiler, or boiler plant is too big it produces heat faster than the system can deliver it to the building, which causes the boiler to overheat and shut down until the system catches up, repeating this on/off cycling over and over again. Not only is this detrimental to efficiency, much like stop and start city driving in a car, but it also results in more wear and tear on many of the components. Short cycling is a far bigger issue than most people realize and has a dramatic impact on efficiency. I had my eyes opened to just how much several years ago on a commercial retrofit project I was involved in. We had worked with the same company on several buildings, achieving on average gas savings over 35 per cent, but we were only seeing savings of about 10 per cent in one building.

After many hours of monitoring and lots of pulling my hair out, we finally discovered a defective relay in one boiler which had resulted in that boiler continually cycling on and off. Once this relay was fixed and the short cycling issue corrected, the savings jumped up more than 20 per cent. Short cycling is a problem that needs to be addressed and it is not simply a matter of proper sizing. Oversized pumps can also contribute, which leads me to my next point.

Just as we like to over size boilers, we seem to have the same penchant for over sizing pumps. As with boilers, when it comes to pumps bigger is not better. While the boiler produces the btus required to heat a building, the pump is the device that moves these btus to where we want them to go.

The universal heating equation (GPM = BTUH ÷ ΔT x 500) shows how this works; GPM is the gallons per minute flow rate the system requires at a given point in time.

BTUH is the heating load at a given point in time, Delta-T (ΔT) is the designed-for temperature drop of the fluid; and 500 is a constant representing 100 per cent water. When we oversize a pump and deliver more GPM, our delta T is proportionally reduced. How does this affect efficiency? It can result in overheating , short cycling, less than optimal comfort and poor performance. I am sure many of you have been in boiler rooms and seen the boiler inlet temperature only three or four degrees cooler than the supply temperature, this is a sure sign of over pumping.

Properly sized pumps need to work with the boiler to deliver the heat at the rate required and designed for, ideally we should be using the variable frequency drive (VFD) pumps that are available to optimize this and work in tandem with the modulating boilers. If we are modulating the firing rate of the boiler then does it not make sense to also modulate the flow rate to match the demand?

As you may have noticed, all of these things are related and one leads to the other. The goal is to match the size of the www.hpacmag.com

boiler plant to the actual demand of the project. Secondly, we need to deliver the correct amount of heat to the system components with properly sized pumps. The properly sized boilers and pumps can only do their jobs well if the piping is sized and installed correctly also. Sadly, I could fill this entire magazine with stories and examples of the piping nightmares I have seen. Following a piping diagram is a good start, but there really is no substitute for a good fundamental understanding of how and why it works. If you are installing systems you really need to take the time to understand the whys. I hate to say it, but far too many of the poor underperforming jobs I see on a regular basis are the result of poor or improper piping.

I know this sounds harsh but unfortunately it is all too often the sad truth. As a wholesaler I would love to be able to say “Here you go, just buy the boilers we sell and your installs will be problem free and save your customer 30 to 40 per cent on their bills.” Do we sell problem free systems? Absolutely.

Can properly sized and installed hydronic systems save upwards of 30 and 40 per cent fuel usage? Yes they can, I have seen savings over 50 per cent on rare occasions. Is it simply a matter of choosing the “right” brand? Absolutely not. The truth is every manufacturer and every wholesaler today offers high efficient, high quality equipment that is capable of doing the job. What is the magic bullet? Good old fashioned knowledge.

We really do need to read those installation and operation manuals nowadays. Even better, take advantage of the many training opportunities that are offered by manufacturers and wholesalers as well as trade organizations. The more education and knowledge you get, the better systems you can install and set yourself apart from the pack.

Designing and installing an efficient and reliable hydronic heating system is not simply a matter of picking all the right pieces and including all the latest and greatest controls, components and gadgets. Take the time to understand the fundamentals – the how and the why of things will never be out of date. <> - steve goldie

MODERN HYDRONICS

Steve Goldie is with NEXT Plumbing Hydronics where he is the hydronics specialist. He learned his trade from his father while working as a plumber in the family business. He joined the wholesale side of the business in 2002 after 21 years in the field. Steve is frequently called on to troubleshoot systems and advise contractors. He can be reached at sgoldie@nextsupply.ca. autumn 2014

| MH25

>> System Design

Less Is More Get the flow you want, where and when you want it.

M

ost hydronic system designers have their preferred way of doing things. Sometimes this is based on comfort level, sometimes it is based on experience, and other times it may be out of habit. What follows is a description of a design option described by ASHRAE as “a series circuit with compound pumping.”* This approach is worth a look for a number of reasons: it uses less raw material; can reduce installation time and maintenance costs; and may improve system operating efficiency thereby increasing the longevity of the system.

Unlike other systems, this design option uses pumps for zoning as opposed to zone valves. Flow can be directed straight at the terminal unit with the necessary flow for it, rather than manipulating pressure points in the system that would force flow through a terminal unit.

no limit to the number of loads that come off, as the primary loop size is determined based on total Btuh load and the anticipated deltaT and flow rate needed.

This method can be used for heating and/or cooling distribution systems (see Figure 1 for cooling). In larger systems, it may make sense to split the system into two smaller loops (as shown in Figure 2). Balancing may be needed for each loop in this case.

Figure 3 shows the piping arrangement between the primary loop and the terminal unit.

By taking care of the flow through each terminal unit with a dedicated small wet rotor circulator, and by keeping the restriction/pressure drop through the primary loop to a bare minimum, the primary pump can often be much smaller since continued on pMH28 Figure 2 Two loop primary with loads

WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE The system consists of a single pipe distribution loop with loads hydraulically decoupled through a primary/secondary arrangement (closely-spaced tees), or a manufactured twin tee.

Wet rotor circulators match the specific flow needed to each of the terminal units or heat emitters. Most heat emitters or loads referenced here are fan coils. This design works really well for applications where several loads are located throughout a building.

Instead of running two large Supply and Return lines in parallel, simply run a single pipe loop through the building and draw loads off the primary loop where needed. There really is

Figure 1 Single loop primary with loads Figure 3 Piping example of terminal unit

* 2008 ASHRAE Handbook – HVAC Systems and Equipment, p12.2 MH26 |

autumn 2014

MODERN HYDRONICS

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>> System Design continued from pMH26 â&#x20AC;&#x153;A larger primary loop delta T often creates better source efficiencies.â&#x20AC;? it does not need to overcome the head of the entire system.

The primary pump may then be controlled based on a deltaT across the primary loop that will become a function of system load, rather than running full speed at all times.

A larger primary loop deltaT often creates better source efficiencies, for example, when using condensing boilers by managing loads in the system achieved by cascading the terminal units.

Figure 4 Piping sketch for heating and cooling

The individual load wet rotor circulator is a standard off-theshelf component. Only those attached to terminal units that are calling are being operated. Significant energy savings can be realized by this strategy throughout the life cycle of the system.

Heating and cooling In systems with four-pipe terminal units, used for heating and cooling, the design can easily be duplicated for either scenario as shown in Figure 4. Here, the heating loop and the cooling loop each have their own primary loop and load setup, allowing for simultaneous heating and cooling in different parts of a building. Alternatively, if the terminal units are two pipe only, then a diverting valve could be used to pull off the heating or the cooling loop depending on load requirement.

TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT As additional loads are taken off the primary loop, the terminal units downstream are being supplied with a changed water temperature, which can be calculated as shown in continued on pMH30

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Think Competitively.

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The innovation, best practices and benefits behind the sub-metering of central hydronic heating and cooling systems in new condominium construction is now being widely recognized and adopted. Installation within the fan coil or heat pump units means energy savings with no impact on valuable suite floor space.

Adding thermal to electricity and water sub-metering will accelerate unit sales given the increased market appeal of lower maintenance fees and enhanced unit owner control of utility costs.

Think EnerCare.

EnerCare Connections is the largest non-utility sub-metering provider in Canada and at the forefront of thermal metering solutions in Ontario.

We understand all the challenges – yours, the developer’s and the unit owner’s. That’s why we offer on-time, cost-effective, turn-key multi-utility solutions that require no upfront capital costs and come with attractive installation allowances.

Think about how thermal sub-metering, as part of a full-utility metering solution, will give your project that innovative, competitive edge you are looking for.

Contact us at 416-649-1890 or visit EnerCare.ca/thermal-sub-metering

>> System Design continued from pMH28 Figure 7 Vertical Piping Example

Figure 5 Mixed water temperature calculation

circulators to go with them. Some design software exists today that will handle the pipe sizing and flow calculations automatically, and also that of the temperature rise in between the terminals in such systems.

Figure 6 Horizontal piping example

HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION In order to minimize the amount of piping that goes into a project, a very efficient approach for low rise buildings is to have a supply riser on one side of the building and a return riser on the other side of the building. The primary loop for each floor is then run in between those two risers. The loads come off in between as shown in Figure 6.

VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION There really are no height limitations with this system. For high rise applications, a supply loop is routed to the top of the building and the return loop is near the bottom floor. Individual distribution risers fed vertically through the building pick up the terminal units along the way, floor by floor as shown in Figure 7.

Consider this design approach on one of your next projects.

With up to 40 per cent less pipe and fewer parts, as well as significant labour savings, this may be another option for you to differentiate yourself from that of your competitors while still achieving energy savings and improving system efficiency. <>

Figure 5. Depending on the primary flow, flow and deltaT through each terminal unit, the temperature drop will be determined. It is important to calculate those temperature changes prior to selecting the terminal unit or the wet rotor MH30 | autumn 2014

MODERN HYDRONICS

Mike Miller is director of commercial sales, Canada with Taco Canada Ltd. and chair of the Canadian Hydronics Council (CHC). He can be reached at hydronicsmike@taco-hvac.com. www.hpacmag.com

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Continued from p24

< events

COHA National Symposium– Elect To Make A Difference

T

model. Insurers will either exit the busihe Canadian Oil Heat Association COHA National’s new executive ness or increase premiums.” He cited (COHA) held its annual sympo- Chair – Mario Bouchard an Orangeville, ON case where the sium, Cleaner Heat, in Ottawa on 1st vice chair – Jim Wood 2nd vice chair – Dave Brown judge commented that insurers need June 18-19. Market challenges Secretary/treasurer – Paul Murray to monitor remediators. and a need for rejuvenation have prompted Past chair – Robert Fortin “The most common claim is the tank many changes within the association over found to be leaking immediately after delivery, followed by the past year. Stephen Koch, COHA’s president noted “the tank leaked at time not related to delivery, and leak reported board has been busy. It has looked at the strategic plan and from filter,” said Scott Rolofs, senior general adjuster – spehas prioritized items.” cial risk division, ClaimsPro. He would like to see customers “It has been a challenging year restructuring the organizareceiving a notice calling for an annual maintenance inspection,” said Robert Fortin, COHA chairman. “I am glad the tion. Rolofs noted that “because of the high obligation placed board embraced this change. We will have an advisory board on technicians and distributors they are easy targets.” of all the stakeholders in our industry.”

Sabrina Granese, assistant vice president, Marsh Canada, “We need to have that industry process,” said Koch. “We who is responsible for COHA risk management program, said need that third party.” According to Koch, the board will inthat COHA is close to self insured retention where the assoclude government, industry members, remediators, insurers ciation will assume part of the risk. and brokers. Skyrocketing remediation costs and the impact Other pressing issues that were identified involve adminison insurance for members and customers was a recurring tration of the association, specifically to find a more cost eftheme. COHA Atlantic chapters will be reviewing remediation fective way of running COHA and improving the web site, and costs to determine why the numbers vary significantly across education. Toward that end, the Ontario chapter is now adjurisdictions. ministered by the national association staff. The national “Spills and leaks are down–the problem that we have is head office has relocated to Lindsay, ON from Markham, ON that insurance companies are in business to make money,” (telephone and fax numbers remain the same.) said Koch. “They are paying out 114 per cent of premiums they are bringing in–that is not a sustainable business www.coha.ca

Kelly Jackson (l) accepts a plaque in recognition of her commitment to COHA Ontario Chapter from Stephen Koch, COHA president. The new executive of the Ontario board will be named in September. hpacmag.com

Popular trainer Calvin Bell of Bell’s Oil Burner Service presented in the Best PracticesBest Solutions Track. While explaining filter service he cautioned technicians to ensure that in preventing one problem, they do not create another. Bell identified skilled filter service as crucial to preventing leaks.

Stephen Koch (l) presents a sponsor appreciation plaque to Steven Wilson of Kerr Smart Energy, one of 17 event sponsors.

Robert Fortin of MacEwen Petroleum joined COHA a decade ago. He stepped down as chair but will remain on the board for another year as past chair. august 2014 | HPAC

57

< events

CIPH 82nd ABC – Elevating Our Passion

T

he Canadian Institute of Plumbing & Heating (CIPH) welcomed more than 250 delegates at its 82nd Annual Business Conference from June 22-24 in Kelowna, BC, held at the Delta Grand Okanagan Resort & Conference Centre.

Senior executives, industry professionals and representatives allied associations – HRAI, MCAC, ASPE – across Canada all took part in this year’s “Elevating Our Passion” themed conference, which featured a lineup of prominent speakers.

Matt Hill got the conference off to the races with an enthusiastic and inspirational talk entitled “Lighting Your Fire Within.” Hill shared stories about running 11 000 miles around the perimeter of America in 2008 with Run For One Planet co-founder Stephanie Tait. The duo raised more than $130,000 for their Legacy Fund for Kids.

Switching gears, Michael Campbell, host of CBC radio’s Money Talks, did not hold back any punches in terms of offering delegates practical business advice. “Maintaining the status quo is no way to maintain a sustainable business.

Your business is changing and you have to see opportunity in those changes,” he said.

Adding to Campbell’s point was Guy Blissett, a wholesale distribution specialist for Deloitte Consulting. Blissett highlighted key trends from his book Facing the Forces of Change.

Blissett said the use of 3D printing, robotics, drones and driverless vehicles will become more widespread in the coming years.

Brand specialist Marc Stoiber shared ideas on how to “future proof your brand.” Stoiber said brands are a passion that is shared between a company and consumers, and the biggest problem occurs for brands when they lose their passion. Brands that have been successful, such as Apple and Nike, inspire customers and make them love their products.

2014/2015 CIPH Board •C hairman: Paul McDonald, general manager, Bradford White Canada Inc. • 1st vice chair: Siân Smith, senior director of strategic procurement, Noble Corp., Concord, ON. • 2nd vice-chair: Bill Palamar, president, WeilMcLain Canada Sales Inc., Burlington, ON. • Chair, wholesalers’ division: Joe Senese, vice president, operations, Groupe Paul McDonald Deschênes, Toronto, ON. • Chair, manufacturers’ division: Allen Taylor, president, Taylor Pipe Supports, Burlington, ON. • Immediate past chair/treasurer: Robert Whitty, president & CEO, Bartle & Gibson Co. Ltd., Edmonton, AB.

58

HPAC | august 2014

Canadian Hydronics Council luncheon A mix of industry leaders attended the Canadian Hydronics Council (CHC) luncheon on the second day of the conference, where CHC’s vice chairman for the past two years and HPAC columnist, Mike Miller, was named chairman. He takes over for Sean Giberson, sales manager, residential products, Taco Canada Ltd. Dave Hughes from the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology replaces Miller as incoming vice chairman.

Standardizing hydronics certification learning (see p10) was discussed during the luncheon, as well as a review of CHC installer membership growth, the industry events CHC attended over the past two years (including HPAC’s inaugural event: Modern Hydronics, The Summit), and CHC training provided across Canada.

Harald Prell, president, Canada, Viessmann Manufacturing Co., received CHC’s Award of Merit for his commitment to the advancement of the hydronics industry in Canada.

The CHC also announced its plans for the next two years, which includes continued collaboration with industry associations to promote similar interests, attending upcoming industry events, strengthening individual regions, and increasing consumer marketing and membership value.

Another impressive line up of speakers addressed delegates on the final day of the conference, beginning with Sean Aiken’s talk “The Search for Passion.” The Vancouver native shared stories and lessons learned from his One Week Job Project, which was a journey across North America where he worked 52 jobs in 52 weeks to find his passion.

The conference’s final speaker, Warren McDonald, spoke about overcoming the loss of his legs following a climbing accident in Australia. Despite his accident, he went on to accomplish several more impressive climbs, such as Africa’s Mount Kilimanjaro, America’s El Capitan cliff face, and Alberta’s 600-ft frozen waterfall “Weeping Wall.” McDonald’s presentation offered delegates an understanding of the power of purpose, how to see obstacles as stepping stones towards goals, and the importance of preparation towards achieving your goals.

In addition to its lineup of speakers and other regular matters of business, CIPH’s conference offered several optional social events, including an early bird golf tournament at Predator Ridge, a bike tour of Myra Canyon, an early morning jog around the Kelowna waterfront led by Matt Hill, the 3rd annual Ed Hardison Memorial Delegates golf tournament at The Harvest Golf Club, a reception at Mission Hill Winery, and an afternoon of volunteering at the Kelowna Community Food Bank.

CIPH will be holding its 83rd Annual Business Conference from June 14-16, 2015 at the Fairmont Le Château Frontenac in Quebec City, QC. www.ciph.com hpacmag.com

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< Commercial Washroom Showcase Best Restroom Finalist

Franke Kindred Canada’s combination chilled split level drinking fountain with sports bottle filler is made from brushed stainless steel and waterways are lead-free in materials and construction. www.franke.com MoRoCo Chocolat in Toronto, a chocolate-lovers paradise, is home to a variety of sweet treats as well as a hidden oasis in the washroom’s suites. The women’s restroom feature filigree detailing, and a washbowl that sits on a white sink top. Each “suite” is unique with its own finishing touches, including a heart-shaped, silver vanity mirror and a tea set suspended upside down from the ceiling. In the men’s washroom, black and white marble covers the floor and reaches toward the black tile walls. www.bestrestroom.com/canada/

Fernco’s wax free toilet seal is impervious to mould and mildew and features strong adhesive and flexible ribs for a tight seal to the inside of the drainpipe. www.fernco.ca

Watermark Designs’ linear drain collection includes four standard patterns available in seven lengths from 24 to 48 in. The top piece of the drain is brass, which means it can be finished in any of the company’s 40 finishes. www.watermark-designs.com

Kohler’s steward hybrid urinal combines a sleek design with a rinsing flush that prevents

Aquatic’s 160304PS seated shower (with right

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easy tub replacement.

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60

HPAC | august 2014

hpacmag.com

Best Restroom Finalist

A

Made from vitreous China, American Standard’s decorum urinal line is sleek, modern and compact, with a high efficiency of 0.42 gpf. www.americanstandard.ca

Located in the heart of downtown Toronto, Marché Restaurant is a lively, European-style marketplace. The restroom walls are lined with vertical black-and-white striped wallpaper and tile along the bottom half of the walls, complimented with white, porcelain pedestal sinks and old blackand-white photographs. All the elements create a cohesive and modern-style atmosphere. www.bestrestroom.com/canada/

Designed for commercial, healthcare and educational facility applications, Moen’s line of M•Power sensor-operated faucets is equipped with hands-free activation. www.moen.ca

Delta’s hooded open grid strainer, made with cast brass and chrome finish, is designed to reduce backsplash within the drain and out of the sink.

Bradley’s advocate lavatory system includes a touchless soap dispenser, sink and hand dryer to

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eliminate towel use and keep water off the floor. www.bradleycorp.com

hpacmag.com

august 2014 | HPAC

61

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Victaulic’s VicFlex Style AB6 assembly bracket

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www.insinkerator.ca

www.hotwatercanada.ca

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1 62HPAC_Owner_May2014.indd HPAC | AUGUST 2014

905.405.8272

4/8/14 9:01 AM hpacmag.com

Does a traditional solder system really cost less than Viega ProPress ? ®

Do the + Math That depends on what you call a traditional solder system. If you’re talking about only the fittings, yes, but pipe joining is more than just fittings. It’s the connection – the pipe, fittings, flux, solder, fire permits, labor to install and more. Count the costs of all your consumables and your labor and you’ll save on your total job costs with Viega ProPress.

It all adds up at www.do-the-math.us 1-800-976-9819

The global leader in plumbing, heating and pipe joining systems

Plumbing PRODUCts

Ridgid XD pumps have strong performance fea-

The Gen-Eye Hot Spot transmitter from General

Xylemâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Bell & Gossett brand Series e-1510

tures such as 360-degree float protection and

Pipe Cleaners is designed to make pipe and

single stage end suction centrifugal pumps are

high-efficiency motors, which extend the switch

utility locating easier. The fully loaded, five-watt

designed to provide high overall efficiency in

life and reduce power consumption. The XD

transmitter features four trace frequencies and

the end-suction market for HVAC and plumbing

pumps also have a non-wicking cord to prevent

an LCD graphic display that indicates line re-

applications. With a large efficiency island, the

water from entering the motor, as well as a

sistance and current flow. Increased power

e-1510 reduces electricity consumption, im-

cast-iron body and volute. The top suction de-

provides more signal to locate with four line

proves system performance and lowers life cy-

sign reduces clogging, eliminates air lock and

trace frequencies: 1KHz, 8KHz, 33KHz or

cle costs. The improvement in efficiency is the

the need to drill weep holes. www.ridgid.com

65KHz. Battery life keeps the unit operating for

result of computational fluid dynamics design

up to 100 hours, and the selectable automatic

technology and deep hydraulic engineering.

shutdown feature saves power.

www.xyleminc.com

www.drainbrain.com Correction The caption for item D on p.120 of the March 2014 issue should have read: The Farmhouse 3018 sink from Native Trails is an artisan-crafted blend of cement and jute fibre. It is available in ash, slate and pearl finishes. www.nativetrails.net

easy above floor installation

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64

HPAC | AUGUST 2014

1-800-363-5874

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HVAC/R products

Airvisor is an air deflector for 24 in. x 24 in. square cone ceiling diffusers. It consists of a flexible triangular shaped cover, which can be The 41 000 Btu Venice Lights direct vent gas

secured to the exterior of one of the four sides

fireplace from Astria Fireplaces has a 43 in.

of the diffuser using a spring hook and two

opening, colourful glass pebbles and built-in

tabs. No modification or disassembly of the

Honeywell’s Lyric thermostat is designed to

lighting. Other features include black porcelain

ceiling diffuser is required. Airvisor is removed

know when you are coming and going based on

interior walls, variable flame control and re-

by depressing a button to release the hook. It

smartphone location. The geofencing feature

mote control. The fireplace can be converted

can be used alone or in multiples to personal-

automatically turns the thermostat into energy

to a see-through configuration for indoor and

ize the local airflow pattern without affecting

saving mode when a home is empty. It senses

indoor/outdoor use. http://astria.us.com

the overall airflow volume. www.airvisor.ca

when you are coming home and heats or cools the house to your preferred temperature. The

The Bosch Greensource CDi Series SM Model residential geothermal

fine tune feature factors indoor and outdoor

heat pump is available in a split system for applications seeking to sepa-

temperature, humidity and weather into its al-

rate the condenser unit from the fan coil. A split system allows the in-

gorithm. www.honeywell.com

staller to separate the condenser section up to 75 ft. away from the fan coil section to isolate sound, vibration and unwanted heat from the conditioned space. The condenser may be located indoors or outdoors. www.boschheatingandcooling.com

Venmar Ventilation is offering the AVS line of

Full Gauge Controls and Sitrad system are of-

in-suite air exchangers. At 9-in. thick, the units

fering a solution for real-time monitoring and

DuraTech Canada (DTC) from M&G DuraVent

free up space traditionally reserved for me-

management of temperature, humidity, pres-

features a 1-in. wall while meeting the same

chanical equipment, maximizing the net living

sure, defrost and electric power consumption

650C/2100F Canadian requirements as the

and saleable area for each unit. Features in-

through two-way communication between the

company’s 2-in. HTC chimney system. Fully

clude an airflow rate of 115 cubic feet per min-

users and Sitrad controllers via Internet or

tested and listed to the requirements of the

ute, integrated anti-vibration installation sys-

smartphone apps. It sends an instant alert by

ULC S629 standard, the DTC 1-in. insulated

tem and up to 67 per cent heat recovery

e-mail, sms or through buzzers to the service

chimney is designed for use with wood stoves

efficiency at 0C. Both the S10 ERV and the

personals. Pulling historical data, charts and

and wood-burning fireplaces. As an approved

S10 ERV Plus models are equipped with the

reports can also be done from a remote com-

all-fuel chimney, it can also be used in coal, oil

Coldshield cold protection system to ensure

puter or mobile device.

and gas burning applications.

supply air is tempered. www.venmar.ca

www.sitrad.com

www.duravent.com

66

HPAC | AUGUST 2014

www.fullgauge.com

hpacmag.com

MECHANICAL SUPPLY NEWS MANUFACTURERS • distributors • wholesalers

Grundfos showcases range of products at CanWell

Unico iSeries HVAC line arrives from Italy Unico’s iSeries line – multi-split outdoor units that connect to high wall units and ducted air handling units at the same time – is now available in Canada. Unico added the iSeries through a partnership with Italian manufacturer Argoclima. The iSeries is suited to retrofit or new residential construction. www.unicosystem.com

(From left to right) Grundfos employees at the company booth during CanWell: Erika Carmody, marketing coordinator, Bruce Layte, district sales manager, southern Alberta, Simon Feddema, general manager, Grundfos Canada and Sherezad Shafiq, regional sales manager, Western Canada.

Global pump manufacturer Grundfos showcased its groundwater and water management solutions at CanWell, Canada’s National Groundwater Symposium, from June 10 to 14, 2014 in Kelowna, BC. Grundfos highlighted products that serve the groundwater, water utility and irrigation sectors. www.ca.grundfos.com

Carrier expands ductless offering Carrier’s range of ductless offerings now includes 16 models that are ENERGY STAR-qualified in both heat pump and cooling-only systems under the Toshiba Carrier brand. The heat pump systems are available with factory-installed base pan heaters for especially cold climates. In addition, the operating range of the Toshiba Carrier RAS ductless systems has been expanded to 0C in cooling and -4C in heating, which allows ductless to be used in more residential and commercial applications. www.carrier.ca

Canadians top Viega’s million-dollar club, top gun award Three Canadian companies made Viega’s 2013 Million Dollar Club and one salesman received the top gun award at the company’s 2014 annual national sales meeting held earlier this year in Wichita, KS. The three Canadian companies were Canadian Aqualine, which has offices in Vancouver and Calgary, Agences J. Pierre Sylvain of Boucherville, QC, and J.F. Taylor Enterprises, which has offices in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Manitoba’s Dale Heath was one of eight Viega Top Gun winners, who led the way in the industry, establishing new relationships and strengthening existing relationships with customers. www.viega.com 68

HPAC | August 2014

Mansfield moves 90 per cent of production to U.S Mansfield Plumbing Products has increased its commitment to “Made in America” manufacturing, as the company will now produce over 90 per cent of its product in the U.S. The Perrysville, OH sanitary-ware plant will increase capacity by one million pieces, making it Manfield’s largest U.S. expansion in more than 20 years. The expansion will allow the company to offer shorter lead times and higher fill rates. www.mansfieldplumbing.com

Duravit accepting submissions for design competition Duravit USA is holding its second annual North American design competition: the Designer Dream Bath Competition.

Architects and designers are asked to use their own bathroom as the platform for their ultimate dream space using three Duravit collections launched in 2014 – Vero, Happy D.2 and DuraStyle.

The winner will be awarded the Duravit items used in his or her project up to a value of $15,000. The deadline to enter the competition is September 5. www.duravit.us

New chairman for CIPH Quebec Gilles Legault welcomes the new chairman, Sylvain Fournier from Moen.

Outgoing CIPH Quebec Chapter chairman, Gilles Legault of Agences Jean-Pierre Sylvain, handed over the reins after his two-year term to Sylvain Fournier of Moen at the chapter’s Annual General Meeting on May 13 in Montreal. The 2014-2016 directors and board of directors were also chosen. www.ciph.com hpacmag.com

Emerson business initiative focuses on CO2 Emerson Climate Technologies Inc. has created a strategic business initiative focused on positioning the company as a global leader in carbon dioxide (CO2) refrigeration systems.

Andre Patenaude, Emerson’s director of CO2 business development, is leading this initiative. He Andre Patenaude to lead is responsible for developing the Emerson CO2 initiative. global strategy around Emerson’s CO2 industry stewardship, marketing initiatives, communication and messaging activities, as well as channel training and educational programs as they relate to using CO2 in refrigeration systems.

Patenaude has 30 years of marketing, sales and technical service experience working directly with end users, contractors, wholesalers and OEMs. He also has significant experience with various refrigeration system architectures, system applications, contractor and installation processes, and component technologies. www.emersonclimate.com

Navien strengthens Canadian presence Navien has expanded its independent representative sales team in Canada, adding Air Solutions to serve the residential and commercial building industry in the Greater Toronto Area, southwestern and eastern Ontario. In addition, Matt Curro, one of Navien’s Canadian trainers who runs the Navien Training Academy in Vaughan, ON and is responsible for field

trainings throughout Eastern Canada, has increased the Canadian live fire training offerings. At Navien’s Vaughan Academy, all products are hooked up to gas in order to activate as in a real installation. Live fire refers to water heaters and combination boilers that work live as opposed to units on display. With live fire training contractors are exposed to real life operation situations. www.navienamerica.com

Saniflo sets sights on training; names new rep Saniflo Canada has launched the Sanipro Certified training program. Led by Saniflo certified representatives, the program is designed for licensed plumbers and wholesale partners to A look inside Saniflo’s Mobile Training become fully trained on Centre. the company’s product line, and applications and installation of Saniflo’s macerating systems. Each trainee will receive a certificate of completion upon finishing the program.

In other Saniflo news, the company partnered with Conestoga College students for the construction and development of its first Mobile Training Centre.

Alongside professors from the plumbing, electrical and woodworking departments, students were offered the opportunity to participate in the design and construction of Saniflo’s training centre, while earning a credit towards their program. continued on p70

Clips >> Kohler has produced a series of plumbing maintenance videos to help everyone from beginners to experts hone their skills. The online series features 18 video guides demonstrating a variety of techniques and how-to’s, such as replacing a seal kit or diverter on a single control faucet, replacing two-handle ultra-glide valves, removing and installing an anchor kit on one-piece toilets, and adjusting and installing a toilet canister valve. www.kohler.ca >> Apollo Valves recently celebrated a milestone in North American manufacturing. Since first put into production in 1968, more than 150 000 000 of Apollo's 70-100 Series Ball Valves have been produced. www.apollovalves.com hpacmag.com

>> G. F. Thompson Co. Ltd. and Dobbin Sales Ltd. combined their sales teams across the province of British Columbia on June 2. The united sales force will focus on delivering high-level customer support across both companies’ range of products. www.gfthompson.com www.dobbinsales.com >> Rheem Canada has launched its first contractor rewards program, Rheem ProClub, which rewards contractors for purchasing Rheem Water Heating solutions. With every eligible Rheem residential or commercial water heater purchased, contractors can earn points and redeem those points for rewards. Contractors can register at www.rheemproclub.ca and will receive a free registration kit and 50 bonus points for joining. The registration kit includes: Rheem vehicle decal, Rheem knee-saver pad, 4GB water heater-shaped flash-drive, membership card, rewards catalogue and product literature. www.rheem.com August 2014 | HPAC

69

< MSN

continued from p69

The Saniflo Mobile Training Centre features five working models, a full product display and finishings. The Centre will be used at trade shows, training sessions and exhibitions for consumers, contractors and wholesalers to showcase the Saniflo line.

Additionally, Saniflo has selected Westcan Mechanical Sales Ltd. as its sales agency for Manitoba and Saskatchewan. www.saniflo.ca

customers receive best-in-class products and services. The decision supports efforts to have customers come into the showrooms to work with knowledgeable salespeople who are able to determine the best products for each customer’s needs. www.thermasol.com

Distribution Powrmatic hosts corporate trip to China

Wolseley Canada scores victory for Special Olympics

Special Olympian Alex and his mother are flanked by Wolseley employees Bill Hillier, Bill Teabo and Bill Freshwater during the ceremonial puck drop before the final game of the tournament.

Wolseley Canada employees laced up their skates in May and hit the ice for the 7th Annual Wolseley Hockey Tournament in Etobicoke, ON. The event raised more than $4,500 for Special Olympics Ontario. Special Olympic athlete, Alex, dropped the ceremonial puck before the final game and handed out trophies to the winning team.

Wolseley vendors Stelpro, Electro Air, AMTS Ltd., Goodman and APPS Transport sponsored the hockey teams who participated in the event. www.wolseleyinc.ca

ThermaSol institutes zero Internet sales policy ThermaSol has adopted a strict zero Internet sales policy as of June 30, 2014. The company decided it will no longer have its products sold on the web. Also, no authorized reseller is allowed to sell ThermaSol products online or display prices for ThermaSol products on the Internet or through other means of electronic commerce, either directly or through third parties (except where prohibited by law).

According to ThermaSol, this policy is an example of the company’s belief in the effectiveness of brick and mortar showrooms and distributors. ThermaSol says it is committed to working closely with its authorized network to ensure that 70

HPAC | August 2014

Powrmatic of Canada recently took its top retailers and contractors in the HVAC/hearth industry along to China for its 47th annual corporate trip. A total of 122 people participated in the 12-day tour, which included visits to attractions in Beijing and Shanghai and a four-day cruise on the Yangtze River.

The annual Powrmatic corporate trip is open to all customers. Destinations vary from year to year and have included places such as Guadeloupe, Torremolinos, Rome, Hawaii, Marrakech, Riviera Maya, Madrid and Caribbean cruises. www.powrmatic.ca The Links Warehousing & Fulfillment centre located in Vaughan, ON now supplies Aquatherm pipe and parts. This is Aquatherm North America’s third distribution facility, along with Lindon, UT and Port Huron, MI. Aquatherm has also entered a wholesale distribution partnership in British Columbia with Andrew Sheret Ltd., which has 22 locations across the province. This partnership reflects the growth in the use of polypropylene-random (PP-R) pipe systems in Western Canada, as British Columbia and Alberta have seen widespread adoption of the PP-R pipe in everything from high-rises to residences. www.aquatherm.com/canada The Master Group has opened a fifth Greater Toronto Area location at 445 Admiral Blvd., Unit 10 in Mississauga, ON. The 8000 sq. ft. branch is located close to the junction of highways 407 and 410 and offers HVAC/R specialties and brands such as: Coleman, Guardian, Source 1, Fujitsu, hpacmag.com

GREE, Haier, LG, Copeland/Emerson, Tecumseh, Sporlan, Rinnai, Giant, GSW, Ritchie/Yellow Jacket, Milwaukee, Fluke and Nu-Calgon. Doug Hines, who has more than 22 years of experience in the HVAC/R industry, is branch manager. www.master.ca Wolseley Canada’s HVAC/R location at 5235 Timberlea Blvd. in Mississauga now carries plumbing products.

Plumbing and HVAC/R orders can arrive in a single delivery. Darren Wright, who was the branch manager of the wholesaler’s Brampton, ON location, is branch manager. www.wolseleyinc.ca Allied Engineering has appointed J-Tak Sales Agencies as its new agent for Manitoba and Northwestern Ontario. J-Tak Sales can be reached at 204.633.4889. www.alliedboilers.com

Bill Hooper has joined Uponor as regional sales manager for Atlantic Canada. He was most recently market development manager/territory manager with Xylem Inc. Hooper is a CIPH board member and a past chairman of the Hooper Canadian Hydronics Council.

Ferris

Heather Ferris has joined InSinkErator as sales representative for Ontario. She manages all plumbing showroom, wholesale and trade channel relations for InSinkErator Canada. Ferris, has more than 15 years experience in related

positions.

Rinnai America Corp. named Frank Windsor as general manager on July 1. Windsor brings with him 23 years of experience working at Kohler and most recently held the position of vice president of sales at Plumbing America.

Windsor Windsor has risen through a series of leadership positions for builder, hospitality, commercial and retail sales.

Campeau

Masco Canada has promoted Brad Campeau to the position of sales manager, designers and showrooms. Campeau, who has been with Masco Canada for five years, will work closely with trade sales and marketing groups.

hpacmag.com

Next Supply recently opened a 20 000 sq. ft. warehouse at 120 Industry St. in midToronto. Located in the Black Creek/Eglinton/ Jane area, it offers contractors easy access to the 401 highway. Industry veteran Dave Kellar is the manager. This is the sixth Next location to open in the Greater Toronto Area in the past year. A Scarborough warehouse is expected to open later in 2014. www.nextsupply.ca Vision Parts & Accessories has appointed Con-Cur West Marketing as its representative for the province British Columbia and TransAtlantic Sales for the province of Alberta. www.visionparts.ca

< PEOPLE

Alexandre De Gagné is the new business development manager of Eastern Canada for Fortune Valve Canada. His office is located in Brossard in the Greater Montreal Area. De Gagné has worked in the industry for eight years and was De Gagné previously Anvil International’s national sales manager for Canada.

Colin Thate and Yvette Gillespie have joined Dobbin Sales’ British Columbia team in Delta, BC. Dobbin also recently welcomed Gabriel Martin to its Quebec Thate Gillespie sales team. Martin has an extensive background in industrial and construction related sales.

Galaise

M&G DuraVent and Security Chimneys have promoted Karen Galaise to regional sales manager for the Quebec region and the Ottawa area. She reports to Geoff Wilcox, the Canadian national sales manager.

Mark Todd has been appointed chief financial officer of Superior Radiant Products (SRP). Prior to joining SRP, Todd was vice president and CFO with 2Source Manufacturing Inc. <>

Todd August 2014 | HPAC

71

Gizmos & Gadgets

Milwaukee Tool Corporation’s M18 LED Flood Light is designed to deliver best in class light

Adrian Steel’s Grip-Lock ladder rack is de-

output, functionality and durability. The light

signed with a heavy-duty actuating arm to firm-

Stanley’s manual tile cutters are designed to

boasts eight powerful LEDs to provide 30 per

ly grip ladder rungs. The gripping mechanism

make straight cuts on tile whether installing a

cent brighter light output than 250 halogen

is lockable, and composite extrusions on front

new floor or a tile backsplash. The cutters al-

lights. Designed for increased productivity on a

and rear crossbows and uprights are included

low tiles to be cut down to size to fit borders

jobsite, the flood light features a compact and

to protect the ladders from fatigue. The Grip-

and edges or diagonally to add a creative

lightweight roll cage design. Powered by any

Lock accommodates a 24 ft. extension ladder

touch. The key feature of these tile cutters is

Milwaukee lithium-ion battery, the flood light

on the short wheelbase and a 28 ft. extension

its tough pencil-style tungsten carbide cutting

can run up to eight hours and is compatible

ladder on the long wheelbase.

wheel. They are available in 16 and 24-in.

with the entire M18 system.

www.adriansteel.com

length models and each comes in a foldable

www.milwaukeetool.com

case that also doubles as a tile-cutting base with extra storage for spare cutters. www.stanleytools.com

Motion Computing’s R12 Rugged Platform is designed for contractors who work in the field, Knipex’s X-Cut pliers are compact, lightweight,

a vehicle and an office. The R12 Platform in-

powerful and precise box-joint diagonal cut-

cludes a lightweight FHD 12.5 in. tablet and

ters. These pliers can cut through fine strands

several accessories, including the SlateMate

with great precision and also feature a large

data acquisition module, EasyPair technology

jaw opening for multi-strand cables. Manufac-

wireless keyboard and Secure Mobile vehicle

tured of forged and oil-hardened chrome-vana-

dock. All products in the R12 Platform were

dium, heavy-duty steel, the X-Cut cutter is avail-

created by Motion to seamlessly work together

able in a polished or chrome-plated finish with

for efficiency and productivity in public safety,

multi-component handles.

construction, manufacturing and field service.

www.knipex-tools.com

www.motioncomputing.ca Dexter + Chaney’s mobile app, Payroll Time Entry, lets supervisors and project managers The DPG Digital Pressure Gauge by Winters is designed with stainless

quickly and easily enter labour and equipment

steel wetted parts, including a 316L welded diaphragm. A two-button in-

hours directly from the job site. Users select

terface controls the backlight, gauge power and allows the user to select

the appropriate job then enter time for all em-

one of five units of measurement. A standard rubber boot protects the

ployees and equipment assigned to that job.

case from external knocks. DPG is suited for commercial and industrial

The app lets users assign and reassign people

applications in both general purpose and test measurement installa-

and equipment as needed. It is available for

tions. www.winters.com

Android and Apple tablets and smartphones. www.dexterchaney.com

72

HPAC | AUGUST 2014

hpacmag.com

THE SOURCE

Advertisers in this issue Adrian Steel...................................................

Amvic............................................................

Apollo Valves..................................................

Axiom Industries............................................

Bardon Supplies.............................................

Belimo...........................................................

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Chemfax........................................................

CIPHEX West.................................................

CPS...............................................................

Enercare........................................................

Ford...............................................................

Franklin Electric.............................................

Great Lakes Copper........................................

Heatlink.........................................................

IBC................................................................

Insulation Solutions........................................

KWE Technologies..........................................

Lennox Parts Plus..........................................

Liberty Pumps................................................

Lochinvar.......................................................

Master Group.................................................

Navien............................................................

NTI................................................................

Powrmatic......................................................

Ram Trucks....................................................

Saniflo...........................................................

Taco..............................................................

Tamas Hydronic Systems................................

Thermo 2000.................................................

Thermo Matrix................................................

Thermo Mfg....................................................

Uponor...........................................................

Victaulic........................................................

Viega.............................................................

Viessmann.....................................................

Watts.............................................................

Wilo...............................................................

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www.adriansteel.com .......................................................... page 20 www.amvicsystem.com ....................................................page MH19 www.apollovalves.com ......................................................... page 17 www.axiomind.com ..........................................................page MH28 www.bardonsupplies.com .................................................... page 15 www.belimo.ca .................................................................... page 14 www.caleffi.us ...................................................................page MH9 www.chemfax.com ..........................................................page MH13 www.ciphexwest.ca ............................................................. page 79 www.cpsproducts.com ........................................................... page 2 www.EnerCare.ca/thermal-sub-metering ............................page MH29 www.ford.ca ........................................................................ page 11 www.franklinwater.com ........................................................ page 59 www.glcopper.com ............................................................... page 12 www.heatlink.com ...........................................................page MH12 www.ibcboiler.com ...........................................................page MH32 www.insulationsolutions.com .............................................page MH8 www.kwe-tech.com ............................................................page MH8 www.LennoxPartsPlus.com .................................................... page 7 www.libertypumps.com .......................................................... page 9 www.lochinvar.com ..........................................................page MH15 www.master.ca ................................................................... page 65 www.WholeHouseCombi.com ...........................................page MH11 www.nythermal.com ........................................................page MH27 www.powrmatic.ca .............................................................. page 13 www.ramtruck.ca .................................................................. page 5 www.saniflo.ca .................................................................... page 64 www.taco-hvac.com ...........................................................page MH2 www.tamashydronic.com ..................................................page MH23 www.thermo2000.com ....................................................page MH28 www.thermomatrix.com .............................................page 21, MH16 www.ThermoPan.com .......................................................... page 67 www.uponor.ca ................................................................page MH17 www.victaulic.com ...........................................................page MH31 www.do-the-math.us ............................................................ page 63 www.viessmann.ca ............................................................page MH3 www.watts.ca ...................................................................... page 80 www.wilo-canada.com ......................................................page MH21 www.zurn.com ..................................................................... page 62

This could be your last issue of

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august 2014 | HPAC

73

< seismic design

Rockin’ and Rollin’

Considerations when designing a building to withstand a seismic event.

BY Rod Yeoh witH Fadi Ghorayeb

Seismic Upgrade of Queen Mary Elementary School in North Vancouver. Foundation upgrade including soil anchors – temporary shoring for building structure.

sign forces that this results in varies depending on location, and is prescribed in building codes. It should be noted that the restraint of non-structural components (largely mechanical and electrical equipment) is also designed to withstand these forces. These seismic design requirements are fairly new. Buildings built to previous codes were designed to withstand lower forces, or if they are more than 30-40 years old, they may not be able to withstand any seismic forces at all.

Generally, buildings are not designed to remain undamaged during a seismic event. They are expected to sustain some damage, but they must not collapse, the occupants must be kept safe and paths of egress must be kept clear.

This is where the seismic restraint of non-structural components is essential. Many injuries and much of the damage that occurs during an earthquake is caused by falling pipe, duct, ceilings, or equipment, and fires following the event.

These fires are usually caused by broken gas pipes and sparks from damaged electrical equipment. It is important that the "stuff" inside the building does not shake loose and cause damage, injuries, block the paths to exits, or worst case, set the building on fire. It does not matter how well the structure will stand up if the building catches fire.

There are some buildings that are designed not only to survive an earthquake, but also to remain functional after the event. These post disaster buildings are typically highly important, such as police stations, hospitals, and emergency services facilities; however, more and more different types of clients are now asking for their buildings to be designed to post disaster standards. Clients with data centres, head offices or other business critical facilities, now recognize that

Photos Fadi Ghorayeb; map Natural Resources Canada

A

s a mechanical engineer designing building systems, there are many different factors that have to be taken into account. One that is often not thought of by the general public is that in seismic zones, all mechanical systems must be designed to withstand seismic events. Mechanical components must be seismically restrained so that they do not become a hazard to the building occupants during a seismic event. This will be discussed in more detail later in the article, but I would like to start by discussing seismic design of buildings in general.

There are many things to consider when designing a building to resist seismic events. What forces do you design for?

What level of damage is acceptable? How do you design a building to withstand these forces?

Buildings built to current code are designed for an earthquake return probability of two per cent in 50 years. This is equivalent to a probability of once every 2500 years. The de-

Temporary bracing of heritage façade during seismic upgrade of Ridgeway Elementary School in North Vancouver .

74

HPAC | august 2014

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;Many injuries and much of the damage that occurs during an earthquake is caused by falling pipe, duct, ceilings, or equipment, and fires following the event.â&#x20AC;? the additional cost to design and construct a building to post disaster requirements can be much lower than the cost of interruption to business operations after an event. This thinking also applies to buildings where the contents may have a very high value, such as art galleries, museums or specialized laboratories where the equipment may be very expensive. The extra cost of a post disaster building may be much less than the cost of damage to the building's contents.

Another factor to consider is that structures are designed with seismic "fuses." These structural fuses attract and dissipate energy created by seismic forces. They are designed to yield (but not break), to dissipate the energy and protect the rest of the structure. This is important to note in the design of non-structural seismic restraint because if non-structural components are attached to these fuse elements, this yielding must be taken into account.

The primary goal of seismic restraint of mechanical systems is to reduce damage and injuries caused by falling equipment and components. Typically, other than in post disaster buildings, there is no extra effort made to ensure that the equipment or systems will remain operational. However, even in buildings that are not designed to post disaster standards, there are some systems that should be designed to remain operational as well. These include life safety systems such as fire sprinkler and standpipe systems, and emergency smoke exhaust and presFigure 1 surization systems.

Fires following the event cause much of the damage done during earthquakes. It is important to keep the fire and smoke control systems operational. Of course, every effort should be made to prevent the fire from Uniform Hazard Spectra for Vancouver, Montreal, Toronto and Winnipeg at 2%/50 year probability on firm ground conditions (NBC soil class C). To interpret the spectra, consider that buildings vibrate with a resonance period (in seconds) about 1/10th their number of storeys.

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starting in the first place, so it is important that all building gas services have seismic shut-off valves installed. Just as you would expect from the name, these valves are designed to shutoff the gas service to the building in the event of a seismic event.

In post-disaster facilities, it is also important to identify which building services (in addition to the life safety systems) are required to remain operational. Other than seismic restraint, it may be necessary to provide redundancy and backup for these systems as well. Examples of this include: secondary water supplies for both fire fighting and plumbing operation if required; back-up fuel sources for emergency generators; back-up cooling systems for high importance data centres; and secondary electrical services.

There are numerous areas that are subject to seismic events within Canada and throughout the world. In these areas, it is important to ensure that the buildings we design and construct are done so to withstand the forces that these seismic events can generate. <> Rod Yeoh, P.Eng., P.E., is a LEED accredited professional and a principal, mechanical engineering, with DIALOG in Vancouver, BC. As a sought after thought-leader, Yeoh has recently presented on sustainable mechanical systems integration to the Building Owners and Managers Association, BC Hydro, Terasen, Light House Sustainable Building Centre, ASHRAE, APEGBC and at Buildex Vancouver. Fadi Ghorayeb is structural engineering principal at DIALOG's Vancouver studio. He has extensive experience designing structures in various seismic zones, and in the seismic upgrading of existing buildings. www.dialogdesign.ca Reader Resources Reducing the risk of earthquake damage in Canada: Lessons from Haiti and Chile http://www.iclr.org/images/Reducing_earthquake_risk.pdf Earthquake Hazard www.earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca/hazard-alea/index-eng.php Canada's Ten Largest Earthquakes www.earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca/pprs-pprp/pubs/GF-GI/ GEOFACT_largest-earthquakes_e.pdf The 2010 Val-des-Bois Quebec Earthquake www.earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca/pprs-pprp/pubs/GF-GI/ GEOFACT_ValdesBois2010.pdf august 2014 | HPAC

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Calendar

2014

FOR THE LATEST EVENT NEWS SEE HPAC'S NEWSLETTER @ hpacmag.com Comfortech September 9-11

MCAC National Conference September 24-27

ASHRAE/IBPSA-USA Building Simulation Conference September 10-12

Comfortech offers a product showcase and several HVAC/R, hydronics and plumbing seminars. It is taking place in Nashville, TN at the Nashville Convention Center. www.comfortechshow.com

The Mechanical Contractors Association of Canada will hold its 73rd national conference in St. John’s, NL at the Delta St. John’s Hotel & Conference Centre.

ASHRAE’s conference in Atlanta, GA will focus on making better decisions through the application of simulation and modeling over the entire building life cycle. www.ashrae.org

Canadian Electrical Safety Conference October 7-8-Toronto, October 15-16-Calgary, November 3-4-Halifax The tri-annual Canadian Electrical Safety Conference will review changes and updates to the 2015 Canadian Electrical Code and the latest version of CSA Z462 Workplace Electrical Safety.

www.mcac.ca

Green Building Festival October 2

PHCC CONNECT October 8-10

The one-day festival will address climate-driven threats to cities. It is taking place in Toronto, ON at the Daniels Spectrum.

The annual convention of the PlumbingHeating-Cooling Contractors Association will take place in New Orleans, LA at the New Orleans Marriott.

www.sbcanada.org/gbfestival

www.phccweb.org

www.csagroup.org

SMACNA Annual Convention October 12-15 The Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’ National Association will hold its annual convention in San Antonio, TX at the JW Marriott San Antonio Hill Country Resort & Spa.

Greenbuild International Conference & Expo October 22-24

CIPHEX West November 5-6 Western Canada’s largest expo and conference for plumbing, HVAC/R and water treatment will take place in Calgary, AB at the BMO Centre.

www.smacna.org

The world’s largest annual conference and expo for green building will take place at the Morial Convention Center in New Orleans, LA. www.greenbuildexpo.org

AHRI Annual Meeting November 16-18

Construct Canada December 3-5

HARDI Annual Conference December 6-9

The Air-Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration Institute will hold its annual meeting at La Costa Resort & Spa in Carlsbad, CA.

Canada’s largest construction exposition and conference will take place in Toronto, ON at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre, South Building.

The Heating, Air-conditioning & Refrigeration Distributors International will hold its annual conference at the JW Marriott San Antonio Hill Country Resort & Spa in San Antonio, TX.

www.constructcanada.com

www.hardinet.org

2015

www.ahrinet.org

NAHB International Builders’ Show January 20-22

ASHRAE Winter Conference January 24-28

AHR Expo January 26-28

The NAHB International Builders’ Show will take place in Las Vegas, NV at the Las Vegas Convention Centre.

The ASHRAE Winter Conference will be held in Chicago, IL. Location to be announced.

The 67th International Air-Conditioning, Heating, Refrigerating Exposition will take place in Chicago, IL at McCormick Place.

www.buildersshow.com

www.ahrexpo.com

RPA Annual Meeting and Conference January 27

ACEEE Hot Water Forum February 22-24

The Radiant Professionals Alliance will hold it’s annual general meeting and conference in conjunction with the AHR Expo in Chicago, IL at McCormick Place.

The American Council for an EnergyEfficient Economy will hold its forum at the Hilton Nashville Downtown in Nashville, TN.

www.radiantprofessionalsalliance.org

www.aceee.org

HVACR & Mechanical Conference March 9-11

ACCA Conference & IE3 Expo March 16-19

The HVACR & Mechanical Conference for education professionals will take place at the Conference Center at the Maritime Institute in Linthicum, MD.

The ACCA Conference & IE3 Expo will take place at the Gaylord Texan Resort & Convention Center in Grapevine, TX.

www.instructorworkshop.org

www.nebb.org

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www.ciphexwest.ca

HPAC | AUGUST 2014

www.ahrexpo.com

MCAA Annual Convention March 8-12 The Mechanical Contractors Association of America’s annual convention will be held at the Wailea Beach Marriott Resort & Spa in Maui, HI. www.mcaa.org

Planning an event?

Send the details to

Patrick Callan, Assistant Editor

pcallan@hpacmag.com hpacmag.com

< finance

Ontario's Proposed Provincial Pension Plan – Does It Make Sense?

BY hank bulmash

I

n 2011, Kathleen Wynne started to promote the idea of an expanded Canada Pension Plan (CPP). The federal Conservative government totally rejected the concept.

The Ontario Liberals responded by putting forward the idea of a made-in-Ontario pension. At first, most commentators considered this a bargaining ploy rather than a serious proposal. The federal Tories were not swayed – they simply hardened their opposition to the concept of CPP expansion.

Then in her pre-election budget, Wynne put some real meat on the table. She announced that the Ontario government would go ahead with its own provincial plan.

After winning a majority, Wynne's government reaffirmed its commitment to the idea, and it is now very likely that Ontario will have its own pension scheme. Under Wynne’s plan, workers will contribute 1.9 per cent of their income up to $90,000 and employers will contribute an equal amount.

The plan will not cover self-employed people, workers in federally regulated industries such as banking, and those covered by workplace pension plans.

This means an employee earning $70,000 a year will pay about $1,250 into the Ontario plan. The employer will pay the same amount – so the worker will have set aside an extra $2,500 a year. The Ontario government projects that after 40 years of work this extra annual savings will increase the pension benefits by about 80 per cent from $12,460 (for CPP alone) to $22,400. That is at the same time both a huge increase from the CPP base (as the Right has pointed out) and one that will not provide enough for a retiree to live on (as Lefties have noted).

the economic argument The federal Conservatives are strongly opposed to increasing CPP benefits although several provincial governments have expressed support for the idea. Polls taken in 2012 showed that many people were opposed to the plan. Many businesses also opposed the plan since it would increase salary costs.

The economic argument against the plan is that payroll taxes make employees more expensive and kill jobs. It leads businesses to shift labour out of the jurisdiction, or encourages the replacement of humans with machines. The Conservatives have used both arguments in their campaign literature. More ideologically, they also contend that the plan is an expansion of the liberal Nanny State – that treats citizens like children who have to be taken care of by the government. The Conservatives enjoy having the opportunity to remind us that citizens are adults who are perfectly capable of taking care of themselves.

The fact that many people objected to something like the Ontario pension in the polls is both instructive and complicated. There are many reasons that people oppose the plan.

Some probably just think that the CPP should be expanded.

Creating a whole new Ontario bureaucracy to reproduce something that already exists seems wasteful and expensive. Others do not like the idea of giving up two per cent of their income to a forced savings scheme.

Some must be annoyed that they have the chore of investing the money taken away and given to a provincial organization.

Also, to be fair, it is not a typical human trait to defer spending

Private sector/public sector pensions in perspective The numbers in the Summary Table: Registered pension plans (RPPs) and members, by type of plan and sector (Total public and private sectors)* from Statistics Canada tell an interesting story. From 2008-2012, it looks like the number of defined benefit plans and their members stayed very close to constant at about 11 000 plans and 4.4 million members. The private sector accounts for 11 000 plans and 1.5 million members in 2012 (down from 1.9 million in 2008). So the private sector has dropped 20 per cent in five years from 2008-12.

The public sector has 411 plans and three million members (up from 2.6 million in 2008). That is an increase of 15 per cent in five years.

So two thirds of people covered by defined benefit plans work in the public sector and their numbers are still increasing. On the private side, the numbers are dropping and they only account for one-third of the people covered by DB plans. No one in the private sector who does not already have a defined benefit plan expects to have access to one in the future. Private companies are never going to take on that risk again.

In the public sector, the story is completely different.

The sense that DB plans have already ended really applies to the opportunity for getting one if you do not already have one. Also, the number of defined contribution plans and the members covered in both the private and public sectors is small (about 800 000 members in the private sector). This means that most companies are leaving the retirement funding field all together when they leave DB plans.

* www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/famil120a-eng.htm hpacmag.com

august 2014 | HPAC

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“Our population is older than ever, it is longer-lived than ever, and the private pension plans that were so generous for the post-World War II generation are history.” now in order to save for the future. Most of us are grasshoppers, not ants – and we get pleasure from enjoying ourselves. This means spending. Not from self-denial, which means saving.

To return to the question: does the Ontario pension plan make sense? It does in several important ways. First it is a response to the fact that as we live longer, our retirement periods become longer. And as our retirements become longer, most of us will not be able to set aside enough money to support ourselves. That simply reflects the social experience of our species – we never have enough saved. That did not matter so much in the old days (meaning 20 years ago). Most people retired by 65 and passed away by 72. That is seven years of retirement supported by about 40 years of work (from 25 to 65).

Nowadays many of us do not really begin work until our early 30s. We may work until 67 or 68, but many of us will live until our 90s. That means we will have about 25 years of retirement supported by 38 years of work. As you can see, the shift in the ratio of retirement to work is enormous.

Under the old system the ratio was 40/7: 40 years of work

and seven years of retirement. That meant that each year of retirement was supported by 5.7 years of work. Under our current circumstances it is something like 38/25, which means that each year of retirement is supported by only 1.5 years of work. That is a shocking change.

Although there are many reasonable arguments that oppose the Ontario pension, the big argument in favour is simply a recognition of what our situation has become in the last generation. Our population is older than ever, it is longer-lived than ever, and the private pension plans that were so generous for the post-World War II generation are history. What is there to do? Not much. But expanding the safety net is one thing that we can afford, and despite all the negatives it would be wrong to pass this opportunity by. <>

Hank Bulmash, CPA, CA, MBA, TEP, is CEO of Bulmash Accounting Professional Corporation in Toronto, ON can be reached at hank@bulmash.ca.

Training

EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES ACROSS CANADA LEED Canada Training

Canadian Hydronics Council

Canada Green Building Council workshops include LEED Green Associate Exam Preparation, Introduction to Passive Housing Design and Construction, and Overview of the LEED-ND Rating System for Canada, tel. 613.241.1184. www.cagbc.org

The Introduction to Hydronic Heating Installations course is a great starting point for anyone interested in professionally installing hydronic heating systems. The Essentials of Hydronic System Design intermediate level program helps practitioners understand key design principles and the different options and solutions required to meet client needs. Course descriptions and training schedules are available online.

GeoExchange Training The Canadian GeoExchange Coalition provides a national accreditation program for geothermal loop installers. It is valid for commercial and residential installations. www.geoexchange.ca

Dollars to $ense Energy Management Workshops The Office of Energy Efficiency at Natural Resources Canada has workshops focused on improving efficiency, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and lowering operation costs. A workshop schedule is available online. www.oee.nrcan.gc.ca

TECA Quality First Training To register for the Quality First training course offered by the Thermal Environmental Comfort Association, tel. 604.594.5956. www.teca.ca

RETScreen Training Institute The RETScreen Training Institute is delivered in collaboration with the Faculty of Environmental Studies at York University in Toronto. The Institute provides instruction on how to properly assess the viability and performance of clean energy projects using RETScreen software. A certificate is awarded for completing the course.

www.retscreen.net/ang/home.php 78

HPAC | august 2014

www.ultimatecomfort.ca

CMCEF National Seminar Program The Canadian Mechanical Contracting Education Foundation’s National Seminar Program Catalogue & Calendar is available online. It contains more than 100 onsite training programs for companies and associations. Programs range from a half-day to two days. Contact your local association or the CMCEF office at tel. 613.232.5169.

www.cmcef.org

CSA Learning Institute The CSA Learning Institute course calendar is available online.

www.csa.ca/cm/ca/en/training

HRAI SkillTech Academy This course teaches participants the technical competence required to design and install HVAC systems for residential and small commercial applications. For more information contact Dorothy Allen by e-mail: dallen@hrai.ca.

www.hrai.ca

hpacmag.com

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Business tools for contractors, codes & standards updates, and industry-specific sessions to help wholesalers and contractors sell iT, insTall iT and mainTain iT.

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Find them all at CIPHEX West 2014 november 5 & 6, 2014 BmO Centre, stampede Park, Calgary

www.ciphexwest.ca • info@ciph.com

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