HPAC04_2010

MAY/JUNE 2010

MINITUBE SYSTEMS REVISITED

www.hpacmag.com

The Dirt on

PORT

L RE 16TH ANNUA

SERVICE VEHICLES Residential Sprinkler Systems

SPECIAL

SUPPLEMENT

GAIN TRACTION

MODERN

Hydronics A Perspective on

PM 40070230 Returns: HPAC P.O. Box 720 Stn. K, Toronto, ON M4P 3J6

HYDRONICS MINITUBE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS RADIATOR SYSTEM ZONE CONTROL

PRODUCT

SHOWCASE Radiant CEILINGS a publication of

MHCover.indd 1

2010

Venting CONDENSING BOILERS

HEAT PUMP Water Heaters

THERMAL

SHOCK Corrosion in CLOSED LOOP SYSTEMS TRENDS

Across The Pond

6/9/10 1:28:52 PM

New Approach to

IN THIS ISSUE > VENTING

Prepare for HST

Higher cargo compartment.

Lower operating costs.

Everything else you need in between.

Flexibility and functionality are what make the Mercedes-Benz Sprinter the choice of the construction industry. We offer best-in-class cargo capacity, best interior standing height, a maximum side and rear door opening and best-in-class fuel efficiency complements of our BlueTEC V6 diesel engine. And we surrounded it all with the comfort and engineering you’ve come to expect from Mercedes-Benz.

In other words the Sprinter has everything you need, for whatever you need it for.

For more information, visit mercedes-benz.ca/sprinter.

The 2010 Mercedes-Benz Sprinter.

Starting at $42,900.* © 2010 Mercedes-Benz Canada Inc. *Price does not include Freight, PDI, dealer Administrative fees, GST or PST.

tents May/June 2010

14 COVER STORY

VOL. 84 NO. 4

2010 SERVICE VEHICLE REPORT The job of choosing the right work truck for your service crew can be confusing and complex. Bill Roebuck gives you insight into important selection criteria and provides an overview of the cargo vans and full-size pickup trucks on the market.

54

21

HST – What You Need To Know Now

Hydronics

Industry experts examine hydronics’ hot topics, including: venting issues, improving market share, distribution systems, corrosion, zone control, thermal shock, and much more.

Hank Bulmash explains why the Harmonized Sales Tax system represents a significant change in how taxes are levied and offers advice on how to deal with it.

Cover Image Ford Motor Company/Wieck Media Services

MODERN

Modern Hydronics

2010

A Perspective on

HYDRONICS

Venting CONDENSING BOILERS

MINITUBE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

THERMAL

SHOCK

RADIATOR SYSTEM ZONE CONTROL

Corrosion in CLOSED LOOP SYSTEMS

PRODUCT

SHOWCASE Radiant CEILINGS

FEATURES

TRENDS

Across The Pond

a publication of

20 Plumbing Turning Technology On Its Head Steve Goldie takes a close look at heat pump water heaters and what they have to offer.

66 Sprinkler Systems Influence From The South May Tip The Scales Residential fire sprinkler systems are receiving a lot of attention in the U.S. Mark Evans looks at what the industry can do to prepare for a surge in demand this side of the border.

MHCover.indd 1

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DEPARTMENTS 4 Upfront PRODUCTS 44 Hydronic

6

56 Plumbing

63 People

60 HVAC/R

68 Calendar

64 Tools

70 Training

Industry News

62 Manufacturer Supplier News

70 The Source

heatfab

SGV/DGV Special Gas Vent ®

The industry leader in Special Gas Vent introduces new alternative alloy SGV/DGV Special Gas Vent Systems.

Available in both Single Wall and Double Wall designs, SGV/DGV features a proprietary stainless steel alloy - 4X3™ that offers superior corrosion resistance at an economical price point. These new systems feature installer-friendly connections and built-in silicone seals, so field applied RTV is not required.

NEW • 3 & 4 inch sizes for • Single Wall and • Listed to UL1738 and 4X3 STAINLESS residential applications Double Wall Systems ULC S-636

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Upfront

A Tree Falls In Suburbia The 80-year-old Maple on the neighbour’s yard was uprooted by a mighty gust of wind in early May. No one was physically hurt. But financially it was another story. For some the event was a boom – electricians, autobody shops, car rental agencies, window suppliers, insurance companies -- were all called to action.

What happened later would highlight some not so nice business practices: Denials of responsibility; a questionable “replace do not repair” on the neighbour’s furnace; protracted clean up; and plenty of legal wrangling.

HPAC Magazine One Mount Pleasant Rd. Toronto, ON M4Y 2Y5 TEL: 416-764-2000 FAX: 416-764-1746 www.hpacmag.com Editor Kerry Turner (416) 764-1549 kerry.turner@hpacmag.rogers.com ACCOUNT David Skene (416) 764-1590 MANAGER david.skene@hpacmag.rogers.com ACCOUNT John Chiasson 416-764-1557 MANAGER john.chiasson@hpacmag.rogers.com Sales & Marketing Kim Rossiter (416) 764-1787 Coordinator kim.rossiter@rci.rogers.com Art Director Franca Romano (416) 764-1539 franca.romano@rci.rogers.com Production Manager Jennifer Reinhardt (416) 764-3842 jennifer.reinhardt@rci.rogers.com Circulation Manager Bibi Khan (416) 764-1450 bibi.khan@rci.rogers.com PUBLISHER Peter Leonard (416) 764-1510 peter.leonard@hpacmag.rogers.com Executive Publisher Tim Dimopoulos Robert Bean, Hank Bulmash, George Carey, CONTRIBUTORS Mark Evans, Steve Goldie, Michael Gordon, THIS ISSUE: Landon Leinweber, Mike Miller, Mark Norris, Bill Roebuck, John Siegenthaler Rogers Media Inc. President and CEO Anthony P. Viner Rogers Publishing Ltd. President and CEO Brian Segal Senior Vice-President Business AND Professional Publishing John Milne SENIOR Vice-Presidents Michael Fox Vice-Presidents Immee Chee Wah, Patrick Renard

Publications Mail Agreement No. 40070230, Registration No. 10815 Return undeliverable items to: Heating Plumbing Air Conditioning, Circulation Dept., 8th Floor–1 Mount Pleasant Road, Toronto, ON M4Y 2Y5

On the other hand, it was the professionalism and helpfulness of others that was most remarkable. It was apparent that the root of their success is a willingness to step up to the plate. This has won those companies kudos in the short term and customers for the longer term.

As our July/August issue is the 2010-2011 Buyer’s Guide, HPAC’s contributors and regular editorial coverage returns in September. Have a profitable summer!

Editor

hpacmag.com

Be sure to visit where you can search products, manufacturers and wholesalers through the online buyer's guide, you can also access the current issue of HPAC Magazine and archived editions. Click on past issues on the top menu to access this valuable resource. Are you a manufacturer or wholesaler? Be sure to update your listing at hpacmag.com.

Are you a contractor with an installation or troubleshooting question? Chances are you will find the answer in a past issue of HPAC. If not, send us a note (kerry.turner@hpacmag.rogers.com) and we will look at covering the topic in an upcoming issue.

4

HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

Heating Plumbing Air Conditioning (established 1923) is published 7 times per year

by Rogers Publishing Limited, a division of Rogers Media Inc. HPAC Magazine is the leading Canadian business publication for the owner/manager of mechanical contracting businesses and their supply partners.

ISSN: 0017-9418 Contents Copyright © 2010 by Rogers Publishing Limited, may not be reprinted without permission.

Subscriber Services: To subscribe, renew your subscription or to change your address or information… please visit us at rogersb2bmedia.com/hpac.

Subscription Price per year: $40.00 CDN; Outside Canada per year: $80.00 US; Single copy Canada: $5.00 CDN. Heating Plumbing Air Conditioning is published 7 times per year except for occasional combined, expanded or premium issues, which count as two subscription issues.

Mail Preferences: Occasionally we make our subscriber list available to reputable companies whose products or services may be of interest to you. If you do not want your name to be made available please contact us at rogers@cstonecanada.com or update your profile at rogersb2bmedia.com/hpac.

HPAC Magazine receives unsolicited materials (including letters to the editor, press releases, promotional items and images) from time to time. HPAC Magazine, its affiliates and assignees may use, reproduce, publish, re-publish, distribute, store and archive such unsolicited submissions in whole or in part in any form or medium whatsoever, without compensation of any sort.

Notice: HPAC Magazine, Rogers Publishing Limited, their staff, officers, directors and shareholders (hence known as the “Publisher”) assume no liability, obligations, or responsibility for claims arising from advertised products. The Publisher also reserves the right to limit liability for editorial errors, omissions and oversights to a printed correction in a subsequent issue. HPAC Magazine’s editorial is written for management level mechanical industry personnel who have documented training in the mechanical fields in which they work. Manufacturers’ printed instructions, datasheets and notices always take precedence to published editorial statements.

Our environmental policy is available at rogerspublishing.ca.

We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Periodical Fund (CPF) for our publishing activities.

Proud member of:

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© 2009 Masco Corporation of Indiana

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See the difference the right parts can make.

For a wide selection of OEM parts, trust Master Plumber.

For more information regarding any of the Masco Canada portfolio of brands, call 1.800.209.7915

We precision manufacture our parts to ensure quality products you can rely on.

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Industry hpacmag.com News SEE THE LATEST HPAC e-newsletter @

The big chill Following placement of the chillers in the basement, associated process piping and HVAC activities are underway at the New Niagara Health System Health-Care Complex and Walker Family Cancer Centre in St. Catharines, ON. With a capacity of 900 tonnes, three of the units are 18 ft. long, seven and a half feet wide and nine feet tall with an operating weight of 40,000 lbs. each. The fourth is a 246 tonne unit that is 13 ft. long, six feet wide and seven feet tall with an operating weight of 17,600 pounds. nhs.plenaryprojects.com

Numbers Up At Eastern Show The MEET (Mechanical Electrical Electronic Technology) Show, which took place on May 5-6, welcomed 5,514 visitors through its doors. The first biennial MEET Innovation Awards were handed out on the opening morning with Fluke Electronics; Viessmann Manufacturing Company Inc.; Mycom Canada; and Magic Lite Ltd. taking top honours. masterpromotions.ca

Demonstration Project Opens the Way to Net-Zero Abondance Montreal:le Soleil is a highly energy efficient triplex that is one of the winning entries in Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation’s (CMHC) EQuilibrium Sustainable Housing Demonstration Initiative.

EQuilibrium brings the private and public sectors together to develop homes that combine the latest energy-efficient features and technologies with on-site renewable power, so that they produce as much energy as they consume on an annual basis.

To help Canadians learn first-hand about the initiative, CMHC is working with private sector teams to build 6

HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

Industryhpacmag.com News SEE THE LATEST HPAC e-newsletter @

EQuilibrium demonstration homes across the country.

Abondance Montreal:le Soleil is the latest of these projects to open its doors to the public.

Le Soleil was designed by EcoCite Developments, in partnership with Les Constructions Sodero, to create apartment-style condominiums that are designed to be as healthy and energy-efficient as they are comfortable to live in. The three-storey triplex is an urban infill project that is intended to help revitalize this part of the city.

Each of the three 96.6 m2 (1,040 sq. ft.) apartments occupies an entire level of the building. The project features an extremely well insulated and air-tight building envelope, passive and active solar heating, a solar photovoltaic (PV) electrical generating system, energy recovery systems and a ground source heat pump for heating and cooling.

The roof-mounted solar panels also double as a pergola (shaded walk or passageway of pillars and cross-beams), to provide shade for the shared rooftop terrace.

The triplex is net metered so that electricity bills will be reduced when excess electricity generated by the PV system is delivered back to the grid. As a result, the household energy requirements for Le Soleil are estimated to be only 24 per cent of those of the average Canadian home.

The building’s energy efficiency, coupled with the renewable energy features means that the triplex is expected to approach net zero energy consumption on an annual basis. continued on page 8

Gathering Of The Clans The Mechanical Contractors Association of Canada will hold its 69th National Conference at the Halifax Marriott Harbourfront in Halifax, NS. The event kicks off on September 22 with keynote speaker Gordon Graham, followed by several educational sessions on the topics of Hiring Smart and How to Manage, and Manage to, Expectations. A conference in Halifax would not be complete without a Downeast Lobster Feast and that will be held at the Pier 21 Immigration Museum. Events leading up to the gala dinner dance on September 25 also include MCAC’s Suppliers Innovation Showcase, Annual General Meeting, the Annual John Bradshaw Memorial Golf Tournament and the Mechanical Contractors Network Awards Breakfast. mcac.ca

hpacmag.com

Liberty pumps offers 6 different series of sump pumps to meet your specific pumping needs. All feature energy efficient motor designs that minimize energy consumption.

For the absolute best in basement groundwater protection look no further than Liberty Pumps!

8 0 0 . 5 4 3 . 2 5 5 0 www.libertypumps.com

280-Series 450-Series

S30-Series

240-Series

250-Series Copyright Š Liberty Pumps, Inc. 2010 All rights reserved.

230-Series

One of Americas fastest growing,

Industry News

continued from page 6

For more information, visit cmhc.ca and type in the search keyword “EQuilibrium” or call CMHC at 800-6682642.

Upping The Levy On HCFCs Refrigerant Management Canada (RMC) increased the environmental levy on HCFCs by $1.00 effective June 1, 2010.

The adjustment to $2.50 per kilogram on HCFCs or HCFC blends sold in Canada is in response to the 30 per cent reduction in allowable HCFC import volumes that came into effect on January 1, 2010. The reduction resulted in a loss of revenue for RMC. The levy has been maintained at $1.50 per kilogram since January 1, 2006.

RMC recognizes that this levy increase on HCFCs is a short-term measure as the volumes of available HCFCS significantly decline over the next 10 years. In addition to this levy increase, RMC is pursuing two other revenue streams to fund the program into the future. These streams include actively pursuing the carbon credit market to leverage the

environmental benefits of the refrigerant destroyed into funding for the program and working with Environment Canada on a proposed federal stewardship regulation for all halocarbons that will effectively provide the opportunity to extend the levy to HFCs. Visit refrigerantmanagement.ca for more information or contact April Gucciardo, RMC 800-267-2231, ext. 239.

HRAI’s 42nd Annual Meeting HRAI’s 42nd Annual General Meeting (AGM) will be held August 19-21, 2010 at the Delta Lodge at Kananaskis in Alberta. For more information on the AGM, contact Heather Grimoldby-Campbell at 800-267-2231, ext.238. hrai.ca

CO2 Technology Facility Open For Business The CanmetENERGY CO2 Research Facility (CanCO2 is an integrated and pilot-scale carbon dioxide (CO2) capture facility, which simultaneously removes pollutants while puricontinued on page 10

These two fully loaded kits are the fastest and easiest way to find all leaks in any size AC&R system!

OPK-50EZ/E For Small to Medium AC&R Systems

OPK-300BEZ/E For Medium to Large AC&R Systems

Features the award-winning, super-compact OPTIMAX Jr™ LED leak detection flashlight. Power comparable to 75W lamps!

Inspection range of up to 6 feet! Treats up to 4 gallons of lubricant, 50 lbs of refrigerant or 24 tons of cooling.

Features the super-high intensity OPTIMAX™ 3000 rechargeable LED leak detection flashlight. Power comparable to 150W lamps!

Inspection range of up to 20 feet! Treats up to 16 gallons of lubricant, 400 lbs of refrigerant or 150 tons of cooling.

Each kit features universal fluorescent dye cartridges that are OEM-approved and co-solvent free, along with an easy-to-use dye injector for precision dosing. In addition, both kits include an 8 oz spray bottle of GLO-AWAY™ dye cleaner, 3 drip plugs for the hose/coupler, fluorescence-enhancing glasses and a rugged plastic carrying case. The OPK-300BEZ/E kit also comes with AC and DC chargers.

To learn more, call ONTOR LIMITED at 416-781-5286 or visit www.ontor.com

8

HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

hpacmag.com

EcoStor2™ SC Solar Indirect System DoubleWall Single Coil Gas Backup Models

EcoStor™ SC Solar Indirect System Single-Wall Single Coil Electric Backup Models

• Uses gas burner for backup when solar energy does not meet hot water demand

• Single-wall heat exchanger provides fast and efficient water heating from the solar collector

• Electronic temperature sensor in upper portion of tank allows maximum use of solar power

• Available with single or dual electric element for backup

• Double wall heat exchanger located in lower portion of tank optimizes heating performance and provides protection between surrounding water and heating fluid • Atmospheric venting provides easy replacement for existing water heaters

EcoStor2™ SC Solar Indirect System Double-Wall Single Coil Power Vent Gas Backup Models • Same design features as atmospheric vent models but with a powerful, quiet blower motor for venting flexibility

• Dual element models can provide a full tank of hot water when solar heating is not available

Solar Saver® Models • For open system applications where water from a solar collector is pumped into tank • Directly heats the potable water (no internal heat exchanger coil) • Alternate collector supply and return connections provided for installation flexibility

EcoStor2™ SC Solar Indirect System DoubleWall Single Coil Electric Backup Models • Double-wall heat exchanger allows heated water from a solar collector to flow through the coil and provides additional protection required in certain municipalities and applications

All EcoStor™ models feature an Integrated

• Available with single or dual electric element for backup

With so many types of solar water

• Dual element models can provide a full tank of hot water when solar heating is not available

heating solutions to choose from,

Mixing Device that allows for higher stored water temperatures and sensor wires for solar thermistor connections.

Bradford White is now the center of your solar system!

™

EcoStor DC Solar Indirect System Dual Coil Heat Exchanger Backup Models

EcoStor2™ SC Solar Indirect System Double-Wall Single Coil Eco-Defender Gas Backup Models

• Dual heat exchanger design provides superior installation flexibility

• Uses the Eco-Defender Safety System® Ultra Low NOx gas burner as backup when solar energy does not meet hot water demand • State-of-the-art radiant burner reduces NOx emissions by 75%

For full details on the entire line of

• Allows combination heat source systems to operate independently or simultaneously

Bradford White solar

• Top heat exchanger coil is single-wall; lower heat exchanger coil is double-wall

Bradford White representative or

• Typical applications: solar, boiler, wood burner, geothermal or space heating

Heating Solutions Brochure.

water heaters, ask your wholesaler for the Solar Water

• Incorporates the latest advances in technology to meet the most stringent air quality requirements for allowable NOx emissions in the country

www.bradfordwhite.com

|

Built to be the Best™ ©2010, Bradford White Corporation. All rights reserved.

|

To Find A Wholesaler Call

866.690.0961

Every Moment Deserves Coleman Comfort!

Coleman offers a full including: Coleman HVAC HVAC products, withlineup a full lineup including:

Echelon Furnace Highest Efficient Gas Furnace in Highest Efficient Gas Furnace in Canada Canadawith withup uptoto98% 98% efficiency: efficiency: • Fully modulating in 1% • Fully modulating in 100 stages for increments for the ultimate in thecomfort ultimate in home comfort home • Multi positionfor forany any application application • Multi position • Only33” 33"high high • Only

Industry News

continued from page 8

fying and compressing CO2 for transport, storage or use.

The CanCO2 is located at the Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Ottawa Research Centre. The Zero Emission Technologies group at the research centre has developed a CO2 capture and compression unit suitable for separating CO2 generated by an oxy-fuel (burning of fuel and pure oxygen) power plant and also from other industrial sources.

The CanCO2 is a trailer-mounted modular unit that is transportable and suitable for field testing and pilot-scale demonstrations. canmetenergy-canmetenergie.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca

Mandating Water-Saving Toilets

LX Air Conditioner ••TCJF TCJFModel Modelavailable availableup uptoto 15 15SEER SEER depending on • coil MicroChannel matchup coil technology for smaller • MicroChannel coil footprint technology for smaller • Attractive new louvred footprint size design looks great and •isAttractive durable new louvered design looks great and lasts

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LX Furnace The TM9X single stage gas furnace features: • A high efficiency X-13 motor • 95.5% efficiency rating • Compatible with the LX Series Air Conditioner for a cost effective high quality system

Inquire About Our New Dealer Sign-Up Package

Please visit us at www.colemanac.com, or call Toll Free:

1-800-668-2389 ext. 5486

10

HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

Ontario Environment Minister John Gerretsen (l) views a demonstration of the Proficiency three-litre toilet from inventor Phil Hennessy (r) at the Earth Day press conference. Hennessy & Hinchcliffe Inc., of Mississauga, ON, launched the Proficiency Ultra High Efficiency Toilet (UHET) last year. The toilet utilizes a patented air transfer system that pressurizes and depressurizes the toilet’s trapway with nothing more than the displacement of air as water fills and empties the tank.

On Earth Day (April 22), Ontario Environment Minister John Gerretsen announced a proposed ban on the sale of new toilets in the province that use more than six litres of water.

Speaking on the 40th anniversary of Earth Day from a New Canadians Home Hardware store in downtown Toronto, ON, Gerretsen also introduced the province’s plan to build Ontario into a global hub for water conservation technologies as part of the Water Opportunities Act and Water continued on page 12 hpacmag.com

14

Introducing our Energy Star-Studded Lineup.

Mitsubishi Electric is shining bright for 2010 with the introduction of fourteen – yes, fourteen – new Energy Star certified units. You now have a world of options when it comes to specifying highly efficient heating and cooling systems for your clients. Also available for 2010 is a new, smaller-sized 6000 Btu/h indoor unit, extended heating operation range down to -25°C and a new, improved 6-year parts/10-year compressor extended warranty.

We’re thinking blue because we want you to think green.

Visit www.intelligentHVACsolutions.ca for more information.

DUCT & DUCTLESS SPLIT SYSTEMS THINK GREEN *When installed by an Authorized HVAC Installer.

Industry News

continued from page 10

Conservation Act 2010 or Bill 72. On May 18, 2010, Bill 72 was introduced and received first reading.

The proposal is posted for a 60 day public review and comment period starting May 18, 2010 and ending July 17, 2010. Contact Carol Salisbury, senior policy analyst, Ministry of the Environment at tel. 416-314-7973 for more information. ebr.gov.on.ca

Be Searched And Seen The Energy Management Services Directory is a searchable list of consultants, engineers and other professionals that offer products and services to help organizations manage and measure their energy use. Natural Resources Canada’s Office of Energy Efficiency hosts this site. oee.nrcan.gc.ca/providers/contractor_edit.cfm?attr=28

Thermostat Recycling Plan Under an Industry Stewardship Plan submitted by the Heating, Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Institute of Canada (HRAI) with the support of the Canadian Institute

of Plumbing and Heating (CIPH), and Summerhill Impact, the voluntary Switch the Stat program may be expanded to meet provincial extended producer responsibility regulations for mercury-containing thermostats. The program has been modified into a mandated, manufacturer-funded program that satisfies the obligations of the thermostat manufacturers under the Ontario MHSW Program and the British Columbia Recycling Regulation. The plan calls for putting thermostat recycling bins into the hands of anyone who may have contact with old thermostats.at no cost. With approval, implementation is expected to begin as early as July 2010. The intention is to expand the program more fully to a national scope. summerhillgroup.ca

ASHRAE RescindS Release ASHRAE has rescinded its press release relating to research project no. RP 1361, Biological Control in Cooling Towers Using Non-Chemical Water Treatment Devices pending further review. HPAC reported on this in the April 2010 issue (p.10). ashrae.org

!

W NE

Introducing the testo 550 Refrigeration System Analyzer Performance, Value and Speed‌ Performance Calculates superheat and subcooling in real-time

Value Ruggedly designed and built for everyday use

Speed Simultaneously performs multiple tests

Committing to the future

www.testo.us/550

12

HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

hpacmag.com

IT’S THAT

SIMPLE Increase your pressure... and keep it consistent.

Leave low or inconsistent water pressure behind by putting your water system on cruise control with a simple, affordable solution.

Homes on city water systems often experience low water pressure because of old infrastructure or distance from the main water line.

By using a Little Giant Inline CP constant pressure system from Franklin Electric, you can increase your water pressure and keep it consistent, whatever your demand.

Learn more about water systems and the beneďŹ t of constant pressure at www.constantpressure.com.

2010 SERVICE VEHICLE REPORT

Nissan NV is available in standard and tall heights.

Safety and savings

are latest truck targets

BY BILL ROEBUCK

Although the power to the wheels remains a key criterion, fuel-friendly developments and improved driver amenities are among the trends in cargo vans and pickup trucks for 2010 and 2011.

T

oday's market is teaming with service vehicle options and it pays to do your homework before you invest in one or more vehicles for your business. Some contractors tend to stick with one particular brand of truck, while others like to mix them up, depending on their specific needs.

With so many different work applications, the work truck remains the most complex of vehicles to configure. Each manufacturer offers a wealth of choices, from bed capacity to interior space, from small gasoline engines to powerful diesels, and a soup-to-nuts list of optional extras.

Here are the highlights of what is new in 2010/2011 models in full-size pickup trucks and cargo vans.

FULL-SIZE PICKUPS Nissan Titan Ordering the 2010 Titan is a bit easier than some other pickups, as it only offers two cab configurations -- King Cab and Crew Cab -- and two bed lengths, standard or long box. Also, there are just four trim levels. There is just one engine/transmission choice, although two- and four-wheel 14

HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

drive setups are available. The five-speed automatic uses a two-speed, shift-on-the-fly transfer case. Safety features include ABS brakes, Vehicle Dynamic Control and a tire pressure monitoring system.

Standard features include a spray-in bedliner and Nissan’s Utili-track channel system in the bed for tying down gear. Rear sonar, Bluetooth and a high-end audio system are among the available options.

Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra This is one versatile truck when it comes to configurations, whether you choose the Chevy or the GMC version of these sisters. Regular, extended and crew cab versions are offered with the full-size 2010 pickup, plus there is a choice of regular-length and short cargo beds. On top of that, you can choose from three gasoline engines, a diesel or a hybrid.

The half-ton 1500 series now gains front-seat-mounted side air bags and side curtain air bags as standard equipment. StabiliTrak traction control also is standard this year.

Trim levels run from base to super-luxury (in the top-end hpacmag.com

Two V8 choices in the Tundra provide more horsepower and better fuel economy.

Sprinter's wireless front and rear tire pressure monitoring system.

Ram 2500 Laramie Crew Cab features an office storage system.

Denali) and all but the base engines are Flex-Fuel capable.

Transmission options include a four- or six-speed automatic, with both two- and four-wheel drive versions available.

At the top end of the price range is the Silverado Hybrid and Sierra Hybrid, both unique in the pickup truck market.

GM’s two-mode hybrid system can provide an overall fuel economy boost of up to 23 per cent over the non-hybrid models, and up to a 32 per cent improvement in city mileage, which is where any hybrid shines. In addition, the hybrid -- available only in the Crew Cab body style -- has Active Fuel Management, which shuts down half of the V8’s cylinders under light load conditions.

Ford The venerable F-150 offers a plethora of configurations and trim levels, from very basic to very luxurious. There are five separate trim levels and seven premium packages to choose from. Features include standard trailer sway control, a built-in tailgate step, and optional power-deployable running boards that automatically slide out when a door is opened. The interior load floor is completely flat.

The biggest of the three gasoline engines offered, the 5.4-litre, is a Flex Fuel version that can run on 100 per cent gasoline or up to 85 per cent ethanol. The two largest engines are mated to a six-speed transmission. For towing, an optional integrated trailer brake controller, rear-view camera and telescoping trailer tow mirrors are available.

All new for 2011, Ford's Super Duty trucks, the F-250/350/450, are redesigned inside and out and feature a new 6.7-litre V8 diesel engine that is more fuel efficient, quieter and cleaner than before. hpacmag.com

Ram Truck Although it is no longer called the Dodge Ram, you will still get a Ram from Dodge dealerships. The reason for the change is that Chrysler has made Ram Truck a separate brand from Dodge. Available in the 1500 series and an allnew design for heavy-duty 2500 and 3500 series, there is a wide range of trim levels offered on each, from base through to luxury. Regular, Quad Cab and Crew Cab configurations also are on the menu, along with a standard or a long cargo box. The 2010 Dodge Ram Heavy Duty is available for the first time in a crew-size cab model.

The 2010 models have a larger payload than before. The V6 models come with a four-speed transmission, while the V8s get a five-speed. For extra-heavy-duty work, a Cummins diesel engine is another option, with a standard six-speed manual or an optional five-speed automatic. Notable is the Ram’s office storage system in the front seats, store-in-thefloor bins in Crew Cab models, optional rear park assist and rear-view camera, and a waterproof, lockable in-fender storage system called RamBox.

Toyota Tundra For 2010, the Tundra gets more power, better fuel economy and more models. It has also received a refreshed design in the front and at the rear. Available in Regular Cab, Double Cab and CrewMax models with short and long box lengths, the Tundra selection chart also includes two- and four-wheel drive models.

There are just two engine/transmission choices, with the continued on page 16 MAY/JUNE 2010 | HPAC

15

2010 SERVICE VEHICLE REPORT

Ford Transit Connect has 135 cu. ft. of storage space.

smaller of the two V8s now providing more horsepower and better fuel economy. Both engines match up to Toyota’s sixspeed automatic with a limited slip differential. The top-ofthe-line 4x4 CrewMax Platinum 5.7L gets a platinum-grade grille, woodgrain trim, heated and ventilated front seats and XM radio. Bluetooth is an option on all models.

FULL-SIZE CARGO VANS Ford E-150 Ford’s 2010 E-Series cargo van is available in E-150, E-250 and E-350 models. Available engines consist of a 4.6litre V8, a 5.4-litre V8, a 6.8-litre V10 and a 6.0-litre Power Stroke Diesel. An E85 fuel option is available on the gas versions. Transmission options are either a four- or fivespeed automatic, in rear-wheel drive only.

Standard safety features include stability control and tire pressure monitoring. The cargo vans can be equipped with Ford’s special tool tracking systems, Tool Link and Crew Chief. Maximum payload capacity is as high as 4,900 lb., with the top tow rating reaching up to 10,000 lb.

Ford Transit Connect New for 2010 in Canada, this European import does double duty as a cargo van. Power comes from a fuel-efficient 2.0litre four-cylinder engine connected to a four-speed automatic. Even the stripped down cargo van version comes in upscale XLT trim, adding several comfort features for the driver. The van features dual sliding side doors and split rear cargo doors that open up 180 degrees. The cargo box carries a payload of up to 1,600 lb.

16

HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

continued from page 15

Chevy Express van offers all-wheel drive.

Nissan NV 2500 Competing with the Sprinter in the stand-up-while-you-work category is the all-new 2011 Nissan NV, which is available in standard and tall heights. It is not as big overall as the huge Sprinter van, but the height in the tall version is certainly an attractive option if you do not need the cavernous space of the Mercedes product. The drawback is it is not here yet; it is coming to Canadian dealerships late this fall.

Pricing has yet to be announced.

The NV is based on Nissan’s Titan full-size pickup and has a fully boxed ladder frame. Access to the big cargo area, which is eight feet high and 6.6 ft. wide, is through 60/40 split barn doors in the rear. The cargo area is 69 in. high inside. With the front passenger seat folded, it can carry objects 10.5 ft. long. Options abound to turn the NV into a rolling office.

Mercedes-Benz Sprinter 2500 & 3500 Up until late last year, the Sprinter was a Dodge product, but it has now reverted to the Mercedes-Benz nameplate, which is the company that originally developed it. When it comes to cargo vans, this is the monster of the group, especially in its tall Mega-Roof configuration, because you can stand upright in the seven-foot high cargo area. The downside is the starting price of over $40,000.

The standard engine is a 3.0-litre V6 diesel, giving good fuel economy and plenty of torque at low engine speeds.

A five-speed transmission is standard. Maximum payload continued on page 18 hpacmag.com

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fordcommercialvehicles.ca • 1-800-668-5515 *Fuel consumption rating for the 2010 Transit Connect 2.0L I-4, 4-speed automatic 9.5L/100 km City and 7.9 L/100km Hwy. Fuel consumption estimates based on Transport Canada-approved test methods. Actual fuel consumption may vary based on road conditions, vehicle loading and driving habits.

2010 SERVICE VEHICLE REPORT

is 6,460 lb. and the tow rating is 5,000 lb. The rear doors open 270 degrees and the pallet-friendly side sliding door offers a loading width of 51 in.

GMC Savana Cargo Van The 2010 Savana cargo van is General Motors’ twin to the Chevrolet Express, and also comes in 1500, 2500 and 3500 models. Likewise, it is available with 4.3-litre V6, 4.8-litre V8 or 5.3-litre V8 Flex-Fuel gasoline engines or a 6.6-litre Duramax Diesel (available on the bigger 2500 and 3500 models), with a four-speed automatic on the 1500 or six-speed automatics on the 2500s and 3500s. Rearwheel drive and four-wheel drive versions are available as are split rear doors and a passenger side sliding door.

Chevrolet Express Cargo Van The 2010 Express cargo van’s 1500, 2500 and 3500 models are available with 4.3-litre V6, 4.8-litre V8 or 5.3-litre V8 flex-fuel gasoline engines or a 6.6-litre Duramax Diesel (available on the bigger 2500 and 3500 models), with a

continued from page 16

four-speed automatics on the 1500 or six-speed automatics on the 2500s and 3500s, in rear-wheel drive and fourwheel drive versions. These Flex-Fuel models can run on gasoline or up to 85 per cent ethanol (E85).

For 2010, the six-speed transmission was improved to provide more low-end torque and better fuel economy. Fourwheel disc brakes and a tire pressure monitoring system are now standard equipment. Body wise, it is the same as the 2009 model. Door configurations include split rear doors and an optional sliding door on the passenger side. Maximum payload on the vans is as high as 4,173 lb. and there is a top tow rating of 10,000 lb. with the diesel option.

Bill Roebuck is a long-standing member of the Automobile Journalists Association of Canada (AJAC), and has been writing the annual Service Vehicle Report for HPAC magazine since 1999.

For pointers on selecting a service vehicle visit hpaCmag.com

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hat’s new?” is a common question, one that many of us ask or get asked almost daily. We derive pleasure in the discovery of something new and then sharing “the next best thing” with other people. In many ways the pursuit of innovation is hard wired into us, which is a good thing.

One of the newer products to catch my eye recently is the residential heat pump water heater (HPWH). Although not strictly new as variations have been available for some time, it is only recently that virtually every major water

HEAT PUMP BASICS A heat pump is a device that moves, or “pumps” heat energy from one place to another. HVAC/R technicians are familiar with the technology and the geothermal industry has really popularized the term “heat pump” but the truth is we are all more familiar with the technology that we realize, because if you own a refrigerator, you own a heat pump.

A heat pump water heater is very much like a refrigerator turned on its head. The fridge is an insulated box where we pump the heat from inside of the box and dump it outside the box, making the inside cold. With a HPWH we have an insulated tank full of water and we just reverse the process and pump heat from outside the tank inside the tank, thereby making the water inside warmer.

This “pumping” of heat is achieved by taking advantage of a few basic and unalterable laws of nature. First of all, heat always moves to cold. I do not want to be Mr. Science here but it is called the first law of thermodynamics, you can look it up if you do not believe me, but really, if your fridge is keeping your beer cold, this is one of the reasons why.

Secondly, temperature and pressure are related. Pressurizing an element, such as a gas, vapour or liquid will

BY STEVE GOLDIE

heater manufacturer has developed, and is promoting, new packaged HPWHs. Considering this, the technology warrants a closer look.

The science behind heat pumps is quite basic (see sidebar below) and we know it works so why are we only recently seeing heat pumps used to heat water in this way? There are a number of reasons for this. The first is the fact that we like to take the path of least resistance and do things the easy way. When it comes to heating water, it is relatively easy to stick a burner under a tank, or place an immersion electrical element directly inside. I am sure if we had a fuel

result in an increase in temperature, and conversely, depressurizing results in a corresponding decrease in temperature. The best way to illustrate this is to picture the can of compressed (pressurized) air we use to clean computer keyboards. Notice how the can gets colder as we release the air, decompressing the contents. Pressure also affects the boiling point and condensing point of elements. This is what happens to the refrigerant that is cycled through the heat pump cycle, be it in a refrigerator, an air conditioner or an HPWH. In the heat pump cycle a compressor pumps the refrigerant between two heat exchanger coils. On one side, the refrigerant is decompressed causing cooling and evaporation. This cold side heat exchanger coil is called an evaporator and since it is colder than its surroundings, it absorbs heat. The refrigerant is then compressed en route to the other coil, called the condenser because it raises temperature and condenses.

At this point because it is hotter than its surroundings, and we know heat travels to cold, it releases the heat it absorbed earlier in the cycle. In a refrigerator, the cold side, or evaporator would be inside the box we want to cool down, and in a HPWH the hot coil, or condenser would of course be on the inside of the tank where we want to transfer the heat in order to make hot water. continued on page 53

20

HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

hpacmag.com

MODERN

Hydronics A Perspective on

HYDRONICS MINITUBE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS RADIATOR SYSTEM ZONE CONTROL

PRODUCT

SHOWCASE Radiant CEILINGS a publication of

2010

Venting CONDENSING BOILERS THERMAL

SHOCK Corrosion in CLOSED LOOP SYSTEMS TRENDS

Across The Pond

Introducing the

tents

MODERN

Hydronics

MAY/JUNE 2010

is a supplement of Heating Plumbing Air Conditioning Magazine

Editor Kerry Turner (416) 764-1549 kerry.turner@hpacmag.rogers.com Account David Skene (416) 764-1590 Manager david.skene@hpacmag.rogers.com ACCOUNT John Chiasson (416) 764-1557 MANAGER john.chiasson@hpacmag.rogers.com Sales & Marketing Kim Rossiter (416) 764-1787 Coordinator kim.rossiter@rci.rogers.com

44

Art Director Franca Romano (416) 764-1539 franca.romano@rci.rogers.com Production Manager Jennifer Reinhardt (416) 764-3842 jennifer.reinhardt@rci.rogers.com Circulation Manager Bibi Khan (416) 764-1450 bibi.khan@rci.rogers.com PUBLISHER Peter Leonard (416) 764-1510 peter.leonard@hpacmag.rogers.com Executive Publisher Tim Dimopoulos Rogers Media Inc. President and CEO Anthony P. Viner

24 Hydronics In 3D A perspective on the industry’s static nature.

By Robert Bean

Senior Vice-President Business AND Professional Publishing John Milne

30 Doing Right By Condensing Boilers Improved efficiency brings with it a new approach to venting. By Mark Norris

48 Hydronics Italiano Show offers insight into what to expect in future product offerings.

By John Siegenthaler

36 Multiple Options For Zone Control Controlling radiator systems in various applications. By Mike Miller

50 Radiant Ceiling Construction Methods

By Michael Gordon

SENIOR Vice-President Michael Fox Vice-Presidents Immee Chee Wah, Patrick Renard

HPAC Magazine receives unsolicited materials (including letters to the editor, press releases, promotional items and images) from time to time. HPAC Magazine, its affiliates and assignees may use, reproduce, publish, re-publish, distribute, store and archive such unsolicited submissions in whole or in part in any form or medium whatsoever, without compensation of any sort.

Cover Istockphoto

42

26 Minitube Distribution Systems Leverage the temperature difference between the boiler and low temp heating distribution systems.

By John Siegenthaler

Rogers Publishing Ltd. President and CEO Brian Segal

Notice: HPAC Magazine, Rogers Publishing Limited, their staff, officers, directors and shareholders (hence known as the “Publisher”) assume no liability, obligations, or responsibility for claims arising from advertised products. The Publisher also reserves the right to limit liability for editorial errors, omissions and oversights to a printed correction in a subsequent issue. HPAC Magazine’s editorial is written for management level mechanical industry personnel who have documented training in the mechanical fields in which they work. Manufacturers’ printed instructions, datasheets and notices always take precedence to published editorial statements.

39 If You Can’t Beat It…Control It Understand the factors contributing to corrosion in closed loop systems. By Landon Leinweber

Our environmental policy is available at www.rogerspublishing.ca.

42

T he Facts About Sudden Thermal Changes By George Carey

44

PRODUCT SHOWCASE

We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Periodical Fund (CPF) for our publishing activities.

Proud member of:

48 Radiant Heating and Potable Systems

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MODERN HYDRONICS

6/25/08 9:46:13 AM

May/June 2010 | HPAC

23

Hydronics in What can be done to grow the hydronics business in North America. BY Robert Bean

L

et’s begin by stating that defining “successful in the hydronics business” is not an easy task. Suppose we look at one metric of success by comparing the quantity of hydronic systems installed in each year over the past 30 years and compare that figure on a percentage basis to the growth or shrinkage of housing permits.

For giggles, assume system sales grew by 30 per cent over 30 years but housing permits grew by 40 per cent.

From the contractor’s perspective numbers increased but from an industry perspective the market share for hydronics declined. In its simplest form this has been the long-term paradox for the hydronics business where one segment

cent depending on what stats one uses). That means the predicted 2010 industry revenues of $1,000 hydronics sales represent something like 50 bucks.

Here is how the manufacturers are influenced by the 3D factor. Diversification as a business strategy is a doubleedged sword as it can both build and destroy. As one example, take the contractors and wholesalers who diversify into heat pumps. Sans any discussion on the perils of government subsidies and remembering that the quantity of HVAC systems is limited by the number of building permits, the migration to heat pumps away from boilers strengthens the heat pump industry but weakens the boiler industry.

“Every time contractors and wholesalers switch from a well-established brand to a new brand, there is dilution.” sees the plus and another the minus. Wait a minute says the contractor, some of those dollars we paid toward wholesale invoices had to end up in the manufacturer’s pockets so what is the problem? The problem lies in what I call the 3D factor or diversification, divergence and dilution.

Like frozen juice, contractors and wholesalers who support the hydronic manufacturing industry are unintentionally and unknowingly watering it down from the concentrated form necessary to sustain it. Now before everyone flies off the handle, let me explain the position the manufacturers are in and how contractors and wholesalers can help the manufacturers who can in turn help the industry grow.

The total pie for North American HVAC sales in 2010 will be represented by a hypothetical $1,000. Statistically the past 30 year market share trend in North America for hydronics has been declining and today represents somewhere around five per cent (give or take one to three per 24

HPAC | May/June 2010

Divergence occurs (for example in controls), when the contractor and wholesaler split from the strategies supported by the boiler manufacturer to strategies supported by the heat pump manufacturers. Where diversification introduces different systems to the consumer base, divergence introduces inconsistency in brands and components. Do this over 30 years and imagine the complex messes sitting in homes across North America.

Now add in the dilution factor. During my 30 years in the industry I have seen the supply of brands and models grow exponentially. In 1980 that 50 bucks was divided by a handful of manufacturers but today those original manufacturers must fight with a multitude of competitors trying to feed off the remaining sales. Every time contractors and wholesalers switch from a well-established brand to a new brand, there is dilution.

Diversification, divergence and dilution has a somewhat

MODERN HYDRONICS

hpacmag.com

tempered effect in a big market like forced air with a handful of dominate players, but in a small undefined market like hydronics the effect can and does significantly suppress the industry because financial resources desperately needed for public relations and marketing to increase marketshare get consumed in day to day survival operations.

Setting aside the philosophical aspect of this discussion, we can call the 3D effect the result of competitive forces and state it is all part of a free market system so do not muck with it. I am on board with free market systems but this is a good time in the industry’s development to step back and ask: are industry revenues and corresponding market share commensurate with the number of manufacturers; and does this have any impact on the success of contractors?

In my (not so humble) opinion, these would be the steps to take: 1. The market share for hydronics is the same or less than it was 30 years ago - ergo it has not been influenced one iota by new companies with new products…so stop

chasing business with complex, customized and costly systems. Lead customers to the old, small, simple, repeatable and affordable systems. This fits so well with high performance homes you could not hire a Hollywood writer to formulate a better script.

2. Sit down with a handful of industry manufacturers who, through their long-term commitment to the industry and their commitment to education and marketing support, brought you to the hydronics table. Let them know what it would take to re-establish a business relationship.

It sounds so simple, boring and non-confrontational, it just might be what the doctor ordered.

Robert Bean is a registered engineering technologist in the building construction engineering discipline. An ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer, he can be reached at warmfloors@shaw.ca or visit healthyheating.com.

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hpacmag.com

MODERN HYDRONICS

May/June 2010 | HPAC

25

Minitube Distribution Systems Revisited

BY JOHN SIEGENTHALER

L

Most injection mixing systems used with radiant floor heating perform the mixing in the mechanical room and distribute relatively low temperature water to manifold stations. The piping details for a typical injection mixing system are shown in Figure 1. Using this approach, the piping between the mechanical room and manifold station(s) must be sized for the flow rate associated with a typical manifold temperature drop of 15-20F. FIGURE 1 INJECTION MIXING WITH A VARIABLE SPEED CIRCULATOR In minitube systems the mixing takes low temperature distribution system place at the manifold station(s). The piping outdoor! between the mechanical room and manifold temperature! sensor station is now sized for the flow rates assoclosely spaced tees ciated with a much higher temperature difference (e.g. the boiler outlet temperature boiler minus the floor circuit return temperature). loop D A D A In many cases this temperature difference closely! is four or more times greater than the temspaced!

B tees B perature drop across the manifold station.

18" minimum

18" minimum

ike most injection mixing applications, minitube distribution systems leverage the high temperature difference between a “hot” boiler and a low temperature heating distribution system. This high temperature difference allows a relatively low flow rate to carry a significant amount of heat. Reduced flow rates allow for smaller piping and smaller circulators.

C

boiler inlet! temperature! sensor

alternative injection! riser piping injection controller injection pump flow meter / restrictor valve

conventional boiler

A QUICK RECAP: Minitube distribution systems are a specialized application of injection mixing. They are well suited to projects where a conventional boiler that operates with water temperatures in the range of 160 to 190F under design load conditions, supplies a low temperature load such as slab-type floor heating.

John Siegenthaler first discussed minitube distribution systems in two articles that appeared in the March 2005 issue of HPAC (Sizing Minitube Injection Systems, p.64 and Value Engineering That Works, p.32). You can access both articles at hpacmag.com.

26

HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

C

FLOW FIGURES

The required injection flow rate for any injection mixing system is inversely proportional to the temperature difference between the hot water being injected and the cooler water returning from the manifold station. This relationship is given by Formula 1.

fi=

Q k x ∆T

Where: fi = required injection flow rate at design load (gpm) Q 250,000 Q = rate of heat transfer fi= to distribution = system at design k x ∆T 490 x (180 - 90) load (Btuh) DT = temperature difference between supply and return injection risers (ºF) k = a constant depending on fluid used (water k=490; 30 Q 250,000 per cent glycol solution fi=k=479; for 50 = per cent glycol soluk x ∆T 490 x (110 - 90) tion k=450)

MODERN HYDRONICS

hpacmag.com

= 5.

= 25

FIGURE 2 SINGLE ZONE MINITUBE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM closely spaced tees injection controller variable speed injection pump outdoor! temperature! sensor boiler loop metered! balancing! valve! (may not! be needed) boiler inlet temperature! sensor

conventional boiler

A parallel primary loop supplying four injection pumps.

small diameter! injection piping

Q fi= k x ∆T

supply temperature ! mixing point distribution system

fi=

closely spaced tees

Q = k x ∆T

manifold station

For example: Assume a large manifold station is supplying 250,000 Btuh to a heated floor slab in an industrial building under design load conditions. The supply water temperature to the floor circuits under those conditions is Q water returns from the circuits at 90F. Hot 110F and the fi= k xa ∆T water from cast-iron boiler is available at 180F. Determine the required injection flow rate.

fi=

Q 250,000 = = k x ∆T 490 x (180 - 90) 5.7 gpm

This relatively low flow rate can be easily handled by ¾-inch PEX, PEX-AL-PEX or copper tubing.

Q 250,000 = = k x ∆T GOING THE DISTANCE 490 x (110 - 90) 25.5 gpm f i=

The minitube approach takes advantage of the small piping sizes and “stretches them out” from the mechanical room to the manifold station as shown in Figure 2.

To see why this is an advantage, consider a situation in which the manifold station supplying 250,000 Btuh at design load is located 200 feet away from the mechanical room in a large industrial building. Also assume the piping between the mechanical room and manifold station is hpacmag.com

fi=

routed vertically upward to a 25-foot high ceiling and then back down to the manifold station. In total there is 500 feet of supply plus return piping required between the mechani250,000 cal room and this manifold = 5.7station. gpm If 490 x (180 - 90) the mixing were done in the mechanical room, the required flow rate to and from this manifold station would be:

Q 250,000 = = k x ∆T 490 x (110 - 90) 25.5 gpm

This flow rate would require two-inch size tubing such that a reasonable flow velocity and pressure drop exists.

Now, estimate your cost to install 500 feet of two-copper tubing, with 80 per cent of it supported from the ceiling. A conservative estimate of $25 per foot installed puts the total cost of this piping at $12,500.

When the minitube approach is used, the 500 feet of twocopper tubing could be replaced with 500 feet of ¾-inch PEX-AL-PEX. If the installed cost of the latter is estimated at $5 per foot, the installed cost savings for this single manifold station would be $10,000.

SO WHAT’S NEW? The benefits derived from the thermodynamics involved in minitube systems have not changed. What is new are the hardware options to implement minitube systems.

One of those changes pertains to the need for hydraulic separation between the injection pumps and system circu-

MODERN HYDRONICS

continued on page 28 MAY/JUNE 2010 | HPAC

27

continued from page 27

FIGURE 3

multiple hardware components, but not with the installation simplicity and minimal space requirement offered by the “3-in-1� functionality of the hydraulic separator. boiler reset controller It is important to generously size the headHydro surface mounted sensor!

Separator (wrap with insulation) ers on both sides of the hydraulic separator.

My suggestion is to select a piping size that boiler inlet! temp. sensors keeps the maximum flow velocity at around two feet per second. This will result in very litmetered! tle pressure drop along the length of the headbalancing! valves ers. Low pressure drop in the headers and hydraulic separator creates very little tendency variable speed ! injection pumps for the circulators to interact with each other. injection controller New hardware options are also available in the area of controls. The original minitube sysoutdoor! temperature! tem used a separate injection mixing controlsensors ler for each injection pump. While this worked small diameter! injection piping conventional boiler it did not offer the benefits of networked conconventional boiler trols. Today, multiple variable speed injection circulators can be operated by networked consupply! temp.! purging! trol systems. sensor valve closely spaced tees Some of these controllers provide a variable frequency AC output that can drive a standard wet-rotor circulator. Others provide a 2-10 VDC or 4-20 milliamp output that serves as a control signal to specialized circulators that have built-in variable speed capability.

It is likely that other software-based networked control systems will enter the market distribution system with the ability to control variable speed circulators that can accept either 2-10 VAD or 4-20 milliamp input signals. At that point it is just A three-zone minitube distribution system using a hydraulic separator and a matter of having the appropriate software to generously-sized header piping rather than the parallel primary loop. operate these devices as injection circulators within minitube systems. Keep an eye out for the availability of ECM-powered variable speed circulators lators required in a multi-zone minitube system. In the past, with the necessary intelligence to operate with 2-10 VDC or these systems used a parallel primary loop to achieve this 4-20 milliamp inputs, or with self-contained injection mixseparation. An example of such a loop supplying four indeing logic. pendent injection pumps is shown on the previous page.

Another option is the use of circulators that have a comThis arrangement works, but it requires much more pipplete injection mixing controller built in. While these are ing, balancing valves and fittings than the approach shown still stand-alone versus networked devices, they eliminate in Figure 3. The system below uses a hydraulic separathe need for separate controls and speed up installation. tor between the boilers and injection pumps. This device Other hardware that could speed installation of a miniprovides three desirable functions: hydraulic separation tube system include a recently released hydraulic separabetween the injection pumps and boiler circulators; central tion interface/purging valve. This component would allow air separation; and central dirt separation. the injection pump to be located near the manifold staArguably, these functions could be provided using other outdoor! temperature! sensor

28

HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

MODERN HYDRONICS

hpacmag.com

tion as shown in Figure 4. The injection pump will function equally well in this location.

There have been many successful applications of minitube distribution systems, Figure 4

outdoor! temperature! sensor injection pump

minitubes

distribution system

manifold station

se of a hydraulic separation interface/purging U valve as part of a minitube distribution system.

ranging from residential retrofits all the way up to 170,000 square foot industrial slab-on-grade buildings.

The availability of new hardware further simplifies the original concept and sets the stage for its continued implementation in ways that exploit the best of modern hydronics technology.

John Siegenthaler, P.E. is the author of Modern Hydronic Heating. Visit his website at hydronicpros.com for reference information and software to assist in hydronic system design. He can be reached at siggy@dreamscape.com.

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5/13/10 4:19:24 PM

Doing Right By Condensing Boilers Energy prices and environmental concerns regarding flue gas emissions have prompted the development of heating systems that recover at least some of the latent heat normally lost up the vent. With that improved efficiency comes a new approach to venting. BY MARK NORRIS

W

hen venting condensing boilers we need to be aware of three things. We will encounter lower flue gas temperatures; less buoyant, wet flue gas; and acidic water (pH of 3 to 5 with natural gas) in the form of condensate. All of these factors will influence the venting system.

“Category I appliance venting systems” for non-condensing boilers are made from materials which are designed to handle higher vent temperatures without condensate. These vents are classified as natural draft or non-positive pressure. They use the natural buoyancy of hot flue gas to assist the venting process.

Condensing boilers on the other hand require a positive vent pressure design to compensate for the lower buoyancy of cooler, wet flue gas. The higher acidic moisture content means that boiler and venting systems must be made from material that will not be affected by the acidic environment.

Today’s high efficiency condensing boilers are made from corrosion-resistant materials with modulating forced draft burners, and use corrosion resistant positive pressure venting systems.

These venting materials are designed for systems requiring “Positive flue pressures; both liquid and gas tight, condensing in the vent” or “Category IV appliance venting systems.” In Canada they are classified type “BH Gas Vents.” Certified under the ULC-S636 standard for plastic or metal vents, they cannot be combined to common vent multiple appliances.

ULC-S636 is separated FIGURE 1 ULC-S636 Class II flue gas into “class I,” for vent temtemperature ratings perature between 135C A. Up to and including 65C. and 245C and “class II,” B. Up to and including 90C. for vent temperatures C. Up to and including 110C. below 135C. D. Up to and including 135C. This article addresses

WHY THE DIFFERENT APPROACH? Gas fired condensing boilers require different venting than non-condensing boilers with venting systems we have been using for decades.

The traditional non-condensing boiler operates with flue gas temperatures at 150C or higher.

Boiler return water temperatures are carefully managed to ensure the flue gas temperatures inside and exiting the boiler remain well above the dew point of the flue gas, (the point where water changes state from a vapour to a liquid), around 55C for natural gas. The constituents of the flue gas, per cent of CO2, and local conditions such as altitude, will affect the actual dew point temperature.

With increased boiler efficiency comes reduced flue gas temperatures. The dew point had to be breached to obtain higher efficiencies. As we recover more latent energy from the flue gas, the temperature falls further below the dew point and water vapour in the flue gas changes state to liquid water (condensate) at a rate of approximately 1 US Gal for every 8,095 Btu of recovered energy.

Recapturing all of the latent heat would result in flue gas temperatures being reduced to the same temperature the fuel and the combustions air started at. Lower flue temperatures mean we cannot rely on natural draft to help lift flue gas out of the boiler and vent.

continued on page 32

30

HPAC | May/June 2010

MODERN HYDRONICS

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continued from page 30

vents for condensing boilers with lower vent temperatures calling for “class II” vents, which are further broken down into four flue gas temperature ratings as shown in Figure 1.

Here are some materials that have been successfully tested in at least one of these categories: • PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) (class IIA) • CPVC (Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride) (class IIB) • PPs (Polypropylene) (class IIC) • Stainless steel (class IID)

ria laid out in ANSI Z21.13-2010, CSA 4.9-2010 Standard For Gas-Fired Low Pressure Steam And Hot Water Boilers, which defines a minimum specification. The previous standard was ANSI Z21.13-2007, CSA 4.9-2007. If they choose to, the appliance manufacturer has the option to exceed

FIGURE 2 System Rating

PPs concentric ULC-S636 class IIC listed venting system fittings.

The rating for any certified system will be marked on the material by either a stamp or label. Figure 2, showing a BH Gas Vent, ULC-S636 class IIB, is typical of grey-coloured CPVC venting material.

The ULC-S636 standard does not allow for mixing different manufacturers or different materials within a single vent system. However, the appliance manufacturer may provide appliance adaptors as part of the boiler’s installation materials. These adaptors are considered part of the boiler and not the venting system.

The boiler manufacturer will determine the class of venting material specified for its boiler based on testing crite-

Typical two-pipe hybrid venting configuration using ULC-S636 class IIB CPVC venting system.

Boiler

32

HPAC | May/June 2010

*4

PPs concentric, ULC-S636 class IIC listed venting system typical layout. these minimum standards in order to meet their own design criteria.

According to the natural gas and propane installation code B149.1-10, clause 8.10.4: “A special venting system or a BH venting system shall be installed in accordance with the terms of its listing and the appliance and vent manufacturer’s certified installation instructions.” A venting system listed to the ULC-S636 standard must still be supported by the boiler manufacturer’s certified installation instructions to be used with that appliance.

Venting instructions supplied with the appliance will specify a maximum vent length, which includes the loss through fittings and the maximum number of elbows allowed. Vent designs using concentric venting materials, where both combustion air and flue gas exhaust are communicated within a single pipe assembly, sometimes called coaxial, will list total vent length which includes both combustion air and exhaust.

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If the venting system is not concentric where combustion air is communicated with one pipe and exhaust through a separate pipe, then the maximum vent length will be listed as “total equivalent length.” This means that both combustion air and flue gas pipe lengths, including allowed fittings, must be considered to determine the “total equivalent length” (see Tables 1 and 2 for examples of manufacturer tables).

If they are included in the manufacturer’s certified installation instruction, “hybrid” type venting arrangements where the combustion air pipe and the exhaust pipe terminate at different areas of the building are also permitted. This has more to do with the appliance than the venting system.

Flexible venting systems that are compliant with the ULCS636 standard are coming to market. These will conform to the same specification as other ULC-S636 systems

Venting with the ULC-S636 Class IIC Flexible PPs system.

TABLE I T wo pipe ULC-S636 Class IIB CPVC Total Equivalent Length Boiler Model

System See note below

Max. combined equivalent vent length (a+ b) *2

WB1B 26, 35

/51 mm /76 mm*1 102 mm*1

86 ft. / 31 m 164 ft. / 50 m 200 ft. / 61 m

WB2B 19, 26, 35

mm mm / 102 mm

115 ft. / 35 m 148 ft. / 45 m 180 ft. / 55 m

WB2B 45, 60

/76 mm / 102 mm

98 ft. / 30 m 148 ft. / 45 m

WB2B 80, 105

/ 102 mm

131 ft. / 40 m

TABLE II Fitting Equivalent Length Type of fitting

Equivalent length ft./m

long sweep elbow (CPVC)

5/1.52

long sweep elbow (CPVC)

3/0.91

but are made from flexible piping to allow installation into areas requiring a vertical offset, like the offset flue of some masonry chimneys. Because of the extra resistance from the corrugated material, the “total equivalent vent length” will be less than with smooth wall pipe.

The design of the hydronic system will partially influence the actual efficiency we will see from a condensing boiler installation, although that is another discussion. But let’s look at how the hydronic system design affects the expected vent temperatures.

If we design the heating system with a typical 12C ∆T at 72C supply and 60C return water temperatures we can hpacmag.com

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continued on page 34 May/June 2010 | HPAC

33

continued from page 33

Moisture plume from a side wall vent termination.

expect to see a vent temperature somewhere around 61C to 67C. If we design the system with a larger 22C delta T at 72C supply and 50C return water temperatures we can expect to see vent temperatures somewhere around 51C to 57C. Notice the vent temperature follows the return water temperature regardless of what the supply water temperature is. The venting system should consider the hottest design return water temperature the boiler could see. A residential gas condensing boiler’s vent temperature is typically going to be between 1C to 7C above the return water temperature, depending on the current firing rate of the modulating burner.

Let’s look at a worst-case scenario where the boiler has a maximum supply water temperature set point of 81C, and we design the system around a typical 12C delta T. The return temperature is going to be around 69C. This means the flue gas temperature could be around 75C. Take a look at the table from earlier that shows the ULCS636 class II vent system ratings. You can see we need a B, C, or D, class II system to prevent the venting system from being operated above its rated temperature.

A higher set point may also be used during DHW mode, regardless of the heating set point if the boiler is being used for domestic water production, possibly around 78C. That would make the return water temperature around 66C with a vent temperature of around 73C during domestic water production.

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HPAC | May/June 2010

I often get asked if it is acceptable to use another material for the combustion air pipe. The type of material used for the vent pipe needs to be suitable for the temperature and composition of the flue gas. The combustion air intake pipe on the other hand only has to deal with fresh air. The appliance manufacturer’s certified venting instruction may give options for alternate materials such as ABS-DWV for the combustion air pipe. It may also be acceptable to the appliance manufacturer to use combustion air from inside the space. In that case, the rules laid out in B149.1-10, section 8; Venting systems and air supply for appliances for sizing and placement of combustion/ventilation air openings, must be followed.

All the values I have used are related to gas condensing boilers. Oil condensing boilers are going to deal with different calculations because oil has different properties than gas but the basic physics are going to be the same.

It is also assumed that the heating medium is water and not another substance with a different specific heat value, such as antifreeze, which will raise flue gas temperatures.

One last thing, which must be considered during the venting design is where to terminate the vent. Because condensing boilers produce much cooler and wetter flue gas we can expect moisture plumes, as shown above, and possibly frosted vents if we do not consider where the flue gas will end up. Prevailing winds, walls, overhangs, alleys, garden plantings and so on, all need to be considered.

Venting condensing boilers requires us to think a little differently if we want to take advantage of the higher appliance efficiencies without adversely affecting safety, system life or property.

Mark Norris is an Academy Instructor with Viessmann Manufacturing Company Inc. He can be reached at norm@ viessmann.com.

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Multiple Options For Zone Control When controlling a radiator system there are several choices available to you depending on the complexity of the building. BY MIKE MILLER

I

f the building is very simple and only has a single stage heating load, then the most cost effective way to control it is by using thermostatic radiator valves. Those balance the flow of the heated system water through the radiator. The valve measures ambient air temperature and adjusts its flow through capacity to maintain a desired air temperature setpoint.

While that is a true statement, most valves I see have a setting between 1 to 5, with 5 being the warmest air temperature setpoint and 1 being lowest. With this device, on a single stage heat only application (no cooling requirement) zoning is easy. Simply add one thermostatic radiator valve per room or zone. As far as piping a multi-zone radiator sysFIGURE 1 PARALLEL Piping Off Main Distribution Loop

FIGURE 2 Parallel Piping Off Main Distribution Manifold*

*Manifold enlarged for clarity

36

HPAC | May/June 2010

tem with thermostatic radiator valves is concerned, there are several options. We will focus on two.

Option 1: Pipe the zones in parallel (as shown in Figure 1) off a main distribution loop. In this piping scenario, there could be a single system pump. If the single distribution pump is a traditional on/off circulator, then a pressure bypass valve must be installed between supply and return (not shown) that can take any excess flow that the thermostatic radiator valves would not take if throttled back due to satisfied zone air temperature. If the pump is one that varies its speed and output based on pressure differential, then the pressure bypass valve would not be needed.

This option usually requires larger distribution loop piping throughout the building, as the loop has to be sized to accommodate all radiators (loads) in the system.

Option 2: Pipe the zones off a main distribution manifold (as shown in Figure 2), direct supply and return for each. The same manifold could be located in the mechanical room and could even just be a header of any kind. In this piping scenario, there could also be a single system pump. If the single distribution pump is a traditional on/off circulator, then a pressure bypass valve must be installed between supply and return (not shown) that can take any excess flow that the thermostatic radiator valves would not take if throttled back due to zone air temperature. The same statement as in Option 1 is also true if newer style circulators are used. This installation method allows much smaller piping to be used

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FIGURE 3 WIRED THERMOSTAT AND ZONE VALVES

for longer runs, as each radiator has its own supply and return all the way from the manifold and back.

This option also allows for an easier upgrade down the road if a cooling system or second stage heat was added to the job, in which case the manifold can be upgraded with loop actuators.

Using Thermostats If the customer prefers to use thermostats instead of thermal radiator valves, then the piping principles above still apply, except that the thermostatic valves would be replaced with motorized on/off valves. These could be traditional zone valves or manifold loop actuators, depending on whether a manifold or a supply/ return header is installed in the mechanical room. For the thermostat zone control FIGURE 4 Parallel piping Off Main Distribution side of things, one could either use tradiManifold – wireless Thermostats tional wired (two conductor) thermostats that open a zone valve (as shown in Figure 3, using a multi-zone control module) or a wireless thermostat option that communicates to a zone control base unit located at a manifold using radio frequency (as shown in Figure 4).

BEYOND SINGLE STAGE If there is a requirement for more than single stage heating, whether it is two stage heating and/or cooling on top of a radiator system, thermostatic radiator valves should not be used. This is mainly because it would then be more difficult to run the system efficiently. In such a case, it is important to stage two sources of heat by controlling stage 1 (which could be the radiator) as the primary source and then a second stage (which could be air heating) only as a secondary source of heat when one stage is not enough to heat a zone to a desired air temperature setpoint. This is more often the case in harsh (cold) climates, where a sufficient heated surface area cannot be attained from a radiator.

In this application one should use a two stage heating thermostat. If cooling is required, then a heat/cool thermostat

FIGURE 5 P arallel piping Off main Distribution Manifold –integrated with air system

continued on page 38 hpacmag.com

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May/June 2010 | HPAC

37

continued from page 37

should be applied so that there is an interlock between heating and cooling to avoid simultaneous operation.

If an air system is chosen as the second stage of heat and/or cooling, than often the installation technique consists of a single source. For example, there may be multiple independent radiator zones, but one common air system that is not zoned the same as the radiators and may be common to all radiator zones, as shown in Figure 5.

In this particular system, an integrated communicating network system would be suitable. Each radiator zone is still running independently, but any one of the radiator zone thermostats could bring on the air system either for second stage of heat or cooling, depending on requirement.

When the air zone is then operated it can be controlled from feedback of each of the radiator thermostats to obtain Note: All drawings shown are concept drawings. Important safety devices and additional required components are not shown for reasons of clarity.

best system efficiency and effectiveness WITHOUT adding an additional thermostat.

Regardless of what hydronic system one works with, weather responsive water temperature controllers (not shown in any of these examples) should always be applied to further increase comfort level and system efficiency by modulating the water temperature provided for the system based on outdoor condition.

The options discussed here are not the only ones available to you. No matter what the application, you can consult an expert at your preferred supplier for advice on control strategies.

Mike Miller is a business development manager, controls, with experience in the manufacturing, distribution and contracting sectors of the industry. He can be reached at mike.miller@uponor.com.

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If You Can’t Beat It...

Control It It is important to have an understanding of the factors that contribute to the overall corrosion rate when working with closed loop radiant floor heating systems. BY LANDON LEINWEBER

S

ince there is no way to completely eliminate corrosion in a system, the goal is to bring the corrosion rate down to an acceptable level. For a corrosion treatment system to be successful, factors such as fill water characteristics, system design, system pre-treatment and any contaminations in the system need to be taken into consideration.1 By understanding the contributing factors that lead to corrosion, we can determine why certain pH, temperature, oxygen concentration and hardness requirements are needed to provide optimal operating conditions and a long system life.

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS The pH of the system water can have a dramatic impact on the corrosion rate in a system. For closed loop hydronic systems, a pH between 9.0 and 10.5 is recommended.

Figure 1 demonstrates the affect of pH on the corrosion rate of mild steel.

FIGURE 1 p H VERSUS GENERAL CORROSION RATE OF MILD STEEL

Corrosion Rate

Temperature

Ideal pH 9-10.5

0

Graphs similar to Figure 1 have been generated for other metals and when combined, we see that the 9.0 to 10.5 pH range offers the lowest collective corrosion rate.

Usually the water that is used to fill these systems is regular city water and is closer to a neutral pH of 7. To reach the desired range, both corrosion inhibitors and glycols are chemically buffered to move the pH to the proper range and resist deviations from the 9.0 to 10.5.

The range of 9.0 to 10.5 is adequate for most metals that are commonly used in these systems, with the exception of aluminium. When aluminium is involved, the pH must be maintained below 9.0 and a range of 7.0 to 8.5 is advised. Aluminium is amphoteric and dissolves in both acidic and basic environments. One issue with treating at the lower pH is that iron-based metals corrode more quickly. The treatment of aluminium-based systems can become difficult.

The life of any plastic or rubber based materials in the system such as manifolds, gaskets, or expansion tanks can be affected by pH. However, the majority of polymerbased materials used in radiant floor heating systems are compatible with a wide pH range and it is rare that one will see a pH-related polymer failure.

4

6

8 pH

10

Temperature is a measure of the amount of kinetic energy in a system. It makes sense that the more energy there is in a system, the higher the corrosion rate. With more energy available in the system, it is easier for the corrosion process to move towards the products of corrosion. Think of it as being similar to pushing a rock up a hill, the more people you have pushing the rock, the easier it is. Figure 2 shows the general corrosion rate in both closed and open loop systems relative to the temperature. continued on page 40

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Closed Loop

MAY/JUNE 2010 | HPAC

39

Corro

continued from page 39

0

4

Ideal pH 9-10.5

6

8

10

pH

tion. If we assume that this reaction is under some type of equilibrium when corrosion is controlled, we can apply Le Chatelier's Principle to understand how oxygen can increase corrosion.

FIGIGURERE 2 T EMPERATURE VERSUS GENERAL CORROSION RATE1

Corrosion Rate

Corrosion Rate

Closed Loop

Open Loop

Ideal pH 9-10.5

0

0

4

100

6

140

180

220

8 Temperature (F) pH

10

Corrosion Rate

Corrosion Rate

Note the difference between the open and closed loop systems. In this case, the terms open and closed loop refer to the system being either open to the atmosphere or Closed Loop closed to the atmosphere. The drop in corrosion rate after a temperature of approximately 180F in open loops is due 120F to a decrease in oxygen solubility.1 In open systems, the higher temperature causes the dissolved Openoxygen Loop to leave the water and we see a reduction in the corrosion rate.

Temperature is important because all radiant floor 90F heating systems operate at an elevated temperature, which causes an increased corrosion rate from start-up.

0

100

48F

140

180

220

Oxygen Concentration Temperature (F)

In a generalized form of the corrosion reaction for iron, note that oxygen is on the reactant side of the equa-

[Oxygen]

FIGIGURERE 3 O XYGEN CONCENTRATION VERSUS GENERAL CORROSION RATE1

80

Corrosion Rate

120F

90F

48F

dditional Fuel Costs (%)

70 60 50

[Oxygen]

4Fe2+ + O2 + 6H2O

2Fe2O3 ∙ 2H2O + 8H+

Reactants

Products

Le Chatelier's Principle states that “any change to a chemical reaction at equilibrium causes the reaction to proceed in the direction that reduces the effect of the change” (p. 585).2 In other words, if you increase the amount of stuff on the reactants’ side, the reaction pushes towards the products’ side in an attempt to move the system back to equilibrium.

If we increase the amount of oxygen on the reactants’ side of the equation, we will see an increase in the products’ side, which is an increase in corrosion. Figure 3 also shows that increased temperature accentuates the increase of corrosion at a given oxygen concentration. The increased energy from the higher temperature also pushes the equation to the products side, as noted earlier.

Water Hardness Everyone has seen the results of hard water on faucets and appliances and the white crusts that can develop in an area with hard water. Water hardness is the result of divalent and polyvalent calcium and magnesium cations dissolving into the water as it passes through the geology of an area.3 Alberta and Saskatchewan have very hard water compared to other areas of Canada because the melting snow and rain moves through the Rocky Mountains on its way to water supply systems.

Water hardness can also be a concern in radiant floor heating systems where hardness scale can build up on the heat transfer surfaces and inhibit the efficiency of the heat transfer. It then takes additional energy to obtain the same level of heating as the heat fights its way through the thicker wall on the heat transfer surfaces. Figure 4 outlines the additional energy costs required relative to the thickness of the scale in a boiler.

This build up of scale is the reason that manufacturers set hardness limits for their product(s). Hardness can be measured in either Grains (dH) or in parts per million (ppm). The conversion between the two measurements is 1dH = 17.1ppm. Table 1 outlines the water hardness classification and the corresponding hardness in both dH and

40 30

40

20

HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

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naturally and artificially softened water as seen in Table 2.

The corrosive nature of water is related to the amount of dissolved solids in the water. Water is considered the universal 80 solvent and prefers to have some amount of dissolved sol70 ute in it. The lower the dissolved solutes, the more corrosive 60 the water becomes as it attempts to find these solutes by 50 leaching them from the metals in a potable or radiant floor 40 heating system.

30 As we can see from the summary in Table 2, naturally soft water lacks the minerals that are picked up from the 20 geology of an area and becomes corrosive. In contrast, the 10 use of a zeolite softening system does not reduce the level 0 of dissolved solids, but rather exchanges the calcium and 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 magnesium with sodium to prevent the precipitation of the Scale Thickness (mm) calcium and magnesium salts that we see as the white crusts.

TABLE 1 Water Hardness In Grains And ppm6 In systems where softening the CLASSIFICATION HARDNESS IN GRAINS HARDNESS IN PPM water is not an option, use of a chemSoft 0 to 1 0 to 17.1 ical treatment system, in addition to Slightly Hard 1 to 3.5 17.1 to 60 the corrosion inhibitors, will prevent Moderately Hard 3.5 to 7.0 60 to 120 the calcium and magnesium salts from precipitating out onto the heat transfer Hard 7.0 to 10.5 120 to 180 surfaces.

Very Hard 10.5 and Higher 180 and Higher The use of an oxygen barrier pipe in closed loop radiant floor heating sysTABLE 2 A Comparison Of Natural And Artificially Softened Water3 tem helps to reduce the amount of oxyPARAMETER NATURALLY SOFT ARTIFICIALLY SOFT gen getting into the system through the (ZEOLITE) piping. Oxygen still gets into the sysDissolved Ions Low High tem through joints, make-up water and Total Dissolved Solids Low Medium to High expansion tanks, but as mentioned Calcium and Low Low, but replaced earlier, the goal is to reduce the corroMagnesium with Sodium sion to an acceptable level.

Additional Fuel Costs (%)

FIGURE 4 ADDITIONAL BOILER FUEL COSTS AND SCALE THICKNESS4

Alkalinity

Low

Medium to High

pH

Acidic

Neutral or Alkaline

Corrosive Nature

Corrosive

Noncorrosive

ppm. It is wise to become familiar with the hardness levels in your area.

Many in the industry believed that the act of artificially softening water with a cation exchange softener caused the water to become more corrosive. In fact, the opposite has been found to be true and artificially softened water is less corrosive than naturally soft water.3,5 In response to this change, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the American Water Works Association (AWWA) have updated their literature to correct this misconception.5 Harrison provides a summary of the differences between HPACMAG.COM

Landon Leinweber, P.Chem., is with the HeatLink Group (heatlink.ca).

REFERENCES 1.

BetzDearborn Laboratories. (1991). BetzDearborn handbook of industrial water conditioning (9th ed.). Trevose, PA: Betz Laboratories Inc. 2.

Reger, D. L., Goode, S. R., & Ball, D. W. (2010). Chemistry: Principles and practice (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.

3.

Harrison, J. F. (2006). Why naturally soft and softened water are not the same. Water Conditioning & Purification, 48(6).

4.

Pace Chemicals Ltd. Effects of scale deposits in boilers.

Retrieved March 12, 2010, from http://watertreatment. pacechem.com/sites/pacechemicals5/files/effectsscale.pdf.

5.

Water Quality Association. (2010). Water quality answers.

Retrieved March 12, 2010, www.wqa.org/sitelogic. cfm?ID=366.

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MAY/JUNE 2010 | HPAC

41

The Facts About

Sudden

»» »»

fi ring the boiler and heating up water before the system circulator is turned on; and moving the burner into high fire with boiler water at too low a temperature.

influence of system design

Systems incorporating night setback and/or weekend shutdown are designed to save energy, but turning down the building’s temperature or shutting off the system causes problems when all the zone valves and pumps come back on delivering room temperature water to a hot boiler.

Dual temperature changeover systems can experience boiler problems when the system tries to change over from a cooling demand to heating.

The piping system and terminal units are filled with 50-60F water and the boiler may contain 180F water.

Heat pump loop systems typically require some form of supplementary heat to maintain supply water loop temperatures when the outdoor temperature approaches design conditions. Boilers are the common source for this additional heat, but design loop temperatures are as low as 70-85F, while most commercial cast iron boilers do not operate below 140-150F. Heating systems that have boilers maintaining temperature without flow are susceptible to thermal shock by sudden changes in flow due to pump operation.

The most common cause of thermal shock is a system that incorporates outdoor reset with three-way valves while the boiler maintains temperature. The boiler is at 180F, but based on outdoor temperature, the system may require only 100F. The return temperature can be as low as 90F, which can cause a 90F differential across the boiler (remember the cold glass and hot water). Most cast iron boiler manufacturers would like to see no more than a 40-50F temperature difference between the boiler’s return temperature and leaving temperature.

Thermal Changes When a modern hot water boiler experiences thermal shock, the cause is often ignored and written off as defective material or workmanship.

But there is always a reason why a boiler (cast iron, steel fire tube or steel water tube) becomes thermally shocked. BY GEORGE CAREY

B

oiler thermal shock can be loosely defined as sudden thermal changes that occur within the boiler causing rapid and uneven contractions of the boiler’s cast iron or steel material. What occurs is similar to what occurs when a cold glass is placed under hot water -- the glass cracks because of the extreme temperature change. In thermally shocked boilers, the fractures or cracks occur where the temperature difference is greatest. This is usually in the back of the boiler near the nipple joints or the furnace area where the cold water enters.

Surfaces exposed to cold water are contracting while surfaces exposed to fire are expanding.

Several conditions can contribute to boiler stressing and eventual boiler shock. All involve introducing excessively low temperature water or cool temperature water at high flow rates, into the hot boiler: »» returning water at too low a temperature; »» cool return water at too great a flow; 42

HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

Waterside thermal shock can be prevented by controlling the load imposed on the boiler. Boiler load is a function of flow rate and temperature difference, and one of the most effective methods is to create a boiler loop separate from the system and pump it with its own circulator. Since the flow rate is constant, the temperature difference across the boiler becomes the measurement of the boiler’s load, and

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Photo Istockphoto

PREVENTION CAUSES

if the boiler is maintaining temperature, the return water temperature will determine the boiler load.

Control against “boiler shock” involves control of the incoming cold water flow rate so that the boiler’s temperature is changed slowly. By installing the three-way valve in the boiler loop, the outdoor reset can control the amount of hot water that is introduced into the system based upon a reset schedule. More importantly, the reset controller can measure the return temperature entering the boiler. If the water temperature becomes too low for the boiler manufacturer’s recommendations, the three-way valve will close off the system loop. Hot water from the boiler will then be pumped right back into the return, raising the water temperature entering the boiler. The three-way valve and controller will float back and forth, resetting the supply water to the system while protecting the boiler from cold water.

The best method for interconnecting this boiler loop with the system loop is through primary/secondary pumping FLIR bSeries - HPACthe Sep08:3.375x4.875 4:55 techniques.

By keeping supply and return 9/8/08 tees close

3-WAY valve in boiler loop

together, the pressure drop in the common piping is kept to a minimum. This allows different size pumps to coexist in the system without effecting each other, as well as preventing ghost flows from occurring from one loop into the other.

George Carey, who has more than 20 years experience in the HVAC and plumbing industry, is vice president of training and education at FIA, Inc., an ITT representative. This article first appeared in ITT’s CounterPoint newsletter (bellgossett.com/ PM P BG-Counterpoint.asp).

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MODERN HYDRONICS

MAY/JUNE 2010 | HPAC

43

products Hydronics

RBI Water Heaters has introduced Infinite Energy, a condensing boiler offering efficiencies as high as 97.3 per cent. It can be vented using ULC S636 pipe and is fully modulating.

Features include a LoNOx commercial grade stainless steel burner configuration and a stainless steel heat exchanger assembly which incorporates an integral condensate neutralizer with float switch protection. rbiwaterheaters.com

The Hot Hoop from Runtal in the mirrored stainless steel finish can be used with open loop domestic hot water systems. The white and metallic are suited to closed loop hot water systems and offer heat output at 180F of 2,567 Btuh.

The Hot Hoop is 19.6” in diameter and 9.5” deep. runtalnorthamerica.com

Hydronic Panel System Inc.’s recirculating manifold panel is designed to provide constant circulation in floor loops for even heat distribution. The panel operates as a single zone system, cycling the heat input on and off to match the heat load requirement in the zone. hydronicpanels.com With no thermostat wiring necessary, Uponor’s Climate Control zoning system is suitable for retrofits and remodels. The system features wireless communication technology and can operate up to 12 thermostats and 14 actuators per control module. uponor.ca

The Trinity Lx high efficiency gas boiler from NTI boasts efficiencies up to 97 per cent AFUE. The unit features a 5.7” colour touch screen display and modulation rates of up to 8:1. The Lx200 and Lx400 models can be used as either boilers or potable instantaneous hot water heaters. nythermal.com

44

HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

MODERN HYDRONICS

hpacmag.com

Featuring a microprocessor control, Copeland scroll compressor and ECM

Designed to work in conjunction

variable speed blower, Geomax’s Ever-

with radiant-chilled ceiling pan-

est geothermal system is designed to

els and passive/active chilled

deliver up to five units of energy for

beams to supply latent cooling,

every unit of energy consumed. Avail-

Taco, Inc.’s LoFlo radiant cooling

Designed for residential and light commercial boiler sys-

able from NRG Equipment, units are

system features a single pipe

tems, the AquaSmart temperature control from Beckett is

offered in seven single-speed sizes,

circulator system and modified

available in both 120VAC oil and 24VAC gas versions. The

ranging from two to six tons, and five

injection pumping radiant mixing

control includes a backlit LCD digital display with a touch

dual-capacity sizes, ranging from two to

block. taco-hvac.com

pad to program features as dynamic temperature reset,

six tons. eagle-mt.com

temperature limits, and differentials. beckettcanada.ca

Manufacturer’s Representative AquaTech Sales & Marketing Inc.

The Most Experienced & Respected Name in Geothermal

Celebrating our 30th Anniversary as a Manufacturer’s Representative Celebrating 15 Years with Lochinvar Come to our Burlington, Ontario facility and take advantage of our new Knight Boiler Hydronics Tech Centre Contact us at www.aquatech.ws or call (866) 594-0767 and talk to one of our Customer Service Representatives

With over two centuries of combined experience, GeoSmart has earned a solid reputation for our knowledge and expertise in the geothermal industry. We offer premium quality, cost-effective, energy efficient and renewable heating and cooling solutions for your home or business.

For more information or to become a Geothermal Specialist:

866.310.6690 GEOSMART ENERGY.COM hpacmag.com AquaTech.indd 1

MODERN HYDRONICS 6/1/10 9:51:48 AM

MAY/JUNE 2010 | HPAC

45

products Hydronics Danfoss’ RA 2000 thermostatic radiator valves regulate the flow of hot water or steam through freestanding radiators, baseboards or convectors in hot water and two-pipe, low-pressure steam systems. Operators can be snapped on to the valves without the use of tools. na.heating.danfoss.com

The direct-vent-ready RayPak XPak condensing wall hung boiler from Rheem can be installed as concentric vent or twin penetration. The boiler comes equipped with a high-grade perforated With efficiencies up to 96.1 per cent AFUE, Viessmann’s Vitodens 200

stainless steel burner and a pressure

comes equipped with an intelligent boiler and combustion manage-

vessel rated for 45 Psig.

ment system, which automatically adjusts to gas type and quality with

waterheating.rheem.com

no fuel conversion kit required. viessmann.ca

Radiant Installation Made Easy Use the hydronic radiant heating manifold stations by Hydronic Panel Systems Inc. and reduce your installation time.

Hydronic Panel Systems stations are preassembled, CSA certified and ready to install.

There are a variety of options to cover virtually every installation need from single zone to large multi-zone, multi-temperature jobs. You can count on us to help design customized stations for those occasions when standard stations won’t do.

Let the experts at Hydronic Panel Systems simplify your next hydronic radiant job.

Hydronic Panel Systems Inc. Ph: 416.622.7681 • fax: 416.622.5127 • Mobile: 416-845.2587 www.hydronicpanels.com • Email: info@hydronicpanels.com

46

HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

MODERN HYDRONICS

hpacmag.com

Victaulic offers the TA balancing valve in 14- and 16-inch (350 and 400 mm) sizes for use in large-diameter applications with high flow requirements. The valves are designed to provide precise flow measurement, precision flow balancing, optimized energy efficiency, more stable temperatures and reduced energy costs. The valves are adjusted manually. victaulic.com The tekmarNet Gateway 482 from tekmar allows for easy integration of HVAC controls and home automation systems. The unit allows for access to thermostat settings from the same location where lighting, security and sound systems are controlled. tekmarcontrols.com

State-of-the-Art Geothermal Training & Testing Facility The GreenFlame wood pellet-fired boiler from Kerr Energy Systems features underfed, modulating burner technology and can be com-

We offer a wide range of hands-on geothermal courses designed for homeowners, well drillers and HVAC contractors.

bined with an indirect water heater for DHW. The unit delivers outputs up to 100,000 Btu and has an easy-to-access ash pan, swing out burner and collectors as well as multi-day pellet storage systems. kerrenergysystems.com

Looking for pumps?

Visit hpacmag.com to search HPAC's National Buyer's Guide & Wholesalers Directory.

For more information or to become a Geothermal Specialist:

866.310.6690 GEOSMART ENERGY.COM hpacmag.com

MODERN HYDRONICS

Desc.

Ad 1 of 2

Filename:

MAY/JUNE 2010 | HPAC

MKG-MAG-HPAC-GSE-0210

Ad Size:

47

1/4PG (3.375� x

Hydronics Italiano

Heating on the other side of the pond.

BY JOHN SIEGENTHALER

I

f you ask seasoned heating pros about the largest trade show for hydronic heating in the world, most will tell you about the ISH show held in Frankfurt, Germany every other year. A lesser known, but very impressive trade show dealing with HVAC and plumbing takes place in alternate years to the ISH Frankfurt shows.

It is called Mostra Convego Expocomfort (MCE) and its home is the massive Fiera Milano grounds in Milan, Italy, where it occupies about 1.7 million square feet of exhibition space. This past March, I had the opportunity to spend four days at the event.

DESIGNER RADIATORS In Europe and especially Italy, radiator design has become a form of contemporary art. The ability to combine metal with cast polymers has allowed for even wider forms of expression as seen here.

48

HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

MODERN HYDRONICS

SOLAR EVERYWHERE The use of solar energy is increasingly popular in Europe and this is certainly reflected in the products seen at the show. Almost every company selling some type of hydronic heat source, such as a boiler or heat pump, also offers solar thermal collectors and related hardware to tie those collectors into a system along with the conventional heat source.

The vast majority of the solar thermal systems use a closed loop piping circuit filled with antifreeze between the collector array and storage heat exchanger. Both flat plate and evacuated tube collectors are in abundance.

MULTIPURPOSE “Sputnik�: that is the description uttered by one attendee when he saw some of the multipurpose tanks on display. The naming was no doubt inspired by the 20 or more piping connections coming from the side of the tank in all directions.

In some cases these connections go to heat exchanger coils, some for domestic water, some for space heating and some for heat input from solar collectors, heat pumps, or solid-fuel burners. The tank itself serves as a central buffering mass for the system. Such tanks are typically shipped and installed without insulation.

The latter is added as a flexible wrapper with foam insulation three- to four-inches thick, and a heavy-duty zipper. This allows larger volume tanks to pass through narrower doors and then be well insulated on site. It is simple and appropriate and something we should do in North America, especially with the need for larger tanks in solar thermal combisystems.

hpacmag.com

RACK ‘EM UP Another repeated theme was multiple modulating/condensing burners mounted to a common frame. Half the boilers face in one direction and the rest in the opposite direction. Each cabinet supported by the frame contains one or two independent burner assemblies. The number of circulators under the cabinets tells the story since each burner assembly has its own circulator.

The typical setup includes four cabinets, each with two burner assemblies. All boilers connect to flangeconnected headers at the bottom. The header connects to a hydraulic separator, which allow the boiler system to interface to the distribution system without creating interference between the boiler circulators and the system circulator(s). The boilers all connect to a polypropylene “common vent” at the top. Each vent connection includes a special check valve to prevent flue gases from migrating into unfired boilers. Look for this type of venting to begin appearing in North America.

Such multiple boiler configurations offer a relatively small footprint, high turndown ratio, high seasonal efficiency and easy serviceability. The benefits ensure that such a paradigm will continue to capture market share in Europe and North America.

HIGH EFFICIENCY CIRCULATORS The Europeans rate the energy consumption of circulators based on a standardized test protocol. The scale works just like report card grades in school, that is, an “A” is better than a “B” and so on.

The current state-of-the-art is an A-rating.

Only circulators using permanent magnet, electronically-commuted motors are capable of achieving this rating. Some European models of circulators having multiple operating models have peak power consumptions under 25 watts.

Interestingly, two even higher efficiency ratings, “A+” and “A++” are scheduled to come into effect during 2013 and 2015 respectively. Manufacturers are already preparing products to meet these efficiency targets.

hpacmag.com

BOX IT European hydronics manufacturers like to combine hardware into modules, as is evident with boiler systems. It is also seen in other products such as the combination of a boiler assembly, storage tank, heat exchangers, mixing devices, and controls. Even if you do not read Italian, the display is mostly self-explanatory: An array of solar collectors supplies heat to a storage tank in the vertical cabinet. This cabinet also contains the boiler assembly and heat exchangers for domestic hot water. Heat is then sent to a metering station (seen recessed into the wall). From here heat it is sent to both radiant panels and panel radiators at two different temperatures.

After viewing all this hardware one might conclude that the European approach is far superior to methods used in North America? I do not feel this is necessarily true.

Fundamentally, both markets are trying to accomplish the same thing, that is space heating and domestic hot water using the least fuel possible.

The Europeans pay a premium for their fuel, (regular gasoline currently sells for about $6/gallon) and this definitely drives the market for widespread inclusion of renewable energy.

Bear in mind that most Europeans live in modest “flats.” The hardware needed for space heating and DHW in such units is different than what we are accustomed to in North America. So, I would characterize European systems as different and appropriate for their market, but not necessarily superior to what competent hydronic heating professionals now use in North America.

If you have never been to a European heating trade show – either ISH or MCE, I urge you to consider the trek. It is an eye opening experience, not to mention the attraction of European hospitality.

John Siegenthaler, P.E. is the author of Modern Hydronic Heating. Visit his website at hydronicpros.com for reference information and software to assist in hydronic system design. He can be reached at siggy@dreamscape.com.

MODERN HYDRONICS

MAY/JUNE 2010 | HPAC

49

Radiant Ceiling Construction Methods

BY MICHAEL GORDON

T

here are two categories of radiant ceilings, those that use aluminum heat dispersion plates, and those that do not (joist method). Remember that radiant ceilings are substantially more powerful than radiant floors and that less tubing will be required to accomplish the same heat output. For best results, radiant ceilings should not be used to heat rooms over abnormally cold floors.

heat to the ceiling through convection and radiation. The tubing should not be installed as to come into direct contact with the upper surface of the sheet rock. It is best to stand the tubing away from the floor, joist or rafter to allow for greater heat transfer from radiation and convection.

Radiant ceilings do not normally require insulation if the rooms above are themselves heated. The thermal transfer downward through gypsum sheet rock is usually quite FIGURE 2 Radiant Ceiling Without Heat Dispersion Plates

ALUMINUM HEAT DISPERSION PLATE METHOD This method involves the use of aluminum heat dispersion plates to conduct heat off the surface of the tubing. From there, the heat energy is transferred to the ceiling where it heats the room. There are many possible methods of FIGURE 1 Radiant Ceiling With Metal Heat Dispersion Plates

good compared to the thermal transfer upward through the floor structure and floor coverings. If the area above is not heated, such as in the roof, it is vitally important to insulate above the tubing in a manner that does not interfere with the tubing’s ability to heat the joist chamber.

COMBINATION RADIANT CEILING/RADIANT FLOOR installing such systems depending on the aluminum plate configuration and the framing details of the ceiling.

In Figure 1, double tube aluminum plates are stapled to the underside of the rafter or intermediate floor joist. The radiant tubes are routed on either side of the joist and the sheet rock ceiling is fastened through the plates to the joists by conventional means.

It is best to use short runs between runs of plates because long runs of tubing through the aluminum plates can cause significant noise when the tubing expands during heating or contracts during cooling.

A logical extension of the joist style radiant ceiling method is to allow for the back losses to warm the floor above.

Normally, the resistance downward through the gypsum sheet rock is significantly less than the resistance upward through the floor. As a result, more energy will be transferred to the radiant ceiling than to the floor above (line of least resistance). Therefore, the room controls for the radiant ceiling must control this system.

In the method shown in Figure 2 the floor of the room will be warmed by the back losses of the ceiling panel, but probably not enough to satisfy the entire heating load. The heat distribution (radiant ceiling) for that level should be designed and controlled independently.

JOIST METHOD This method is similar to radiant floors in that the tubing is installed freely within the joist/rafter chamber and transfers 50

HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

Michael Gordon is vice president of engineering with Bradford White Corp. (bradfordwhitecom).

MODERN HYDRONICS

HPACMAG.COM

Hydronic heat hat trick.

Say that five times fast.

PRESTIGE SOLO

PRESTIGE EXCELLENCE

PRESTIGE CASCADE

If the goal is cool savings and consistent warmth, Prestige wall mounted gas boilers are the solution.

Team up with the residential Solo Series for year-round radiant heat. Or, choose the Prestige Excellence, which beyond warming your customer’s homes also provides 180 gph of domestic hot water. For commercial applications, nothing beats the powerful flexibility of the Prestige Cascade Series and its factory-made prefabricated boiler manifolds—capable of capacities from 800,000 Btu/hr to 2 million Btu/hr. Of course no matter which system you recommend to your customers, one thing’s for sure: they’ll enjoy the same quiet and 95% energy efficient performance with all three.

For more information, visit www.triangletube.com * Image shown with Plexiglas® front is for display purposes only.

Plumbing

Indexes Of Energy Efficiency The HPWH industry relies on two indexes of energy efficiency: coefficient of performance (COP), and energy factor (EF). In both cases, a higher value indicates greater efficiency.

COP is a measure of the energy output of a system in comparison with its electrical energy input. Standby losses and the interaction of changing water and air temperatures are not reflected in measurements of COP. Accordingly, the COP of a standard electric hot water heater is close to 1 and the COP of a typical HPWH heater may be 3 to 4. COPs quoted by manufacturers may reflect the combination of the production of cold air and hot water

continued from page 20

in relation to energy input. Energy factor (EF) is a more useful measure because it more accurately mimics real life or field conditions.

The test to determine EF is conducted over a 24-hour period with temperatures of incoming water and input air held constant. A measured amount of water is drawn from the system every other hour for the first 12 hours and no water is drawn for the final 12 hours. Because this test reflects standby losses, the EF of a typical electric hot water system is 0.90 and the EF of a typical HPWH heater may be 2.50. This represents an efficiency improvement of more than 200 per cent, even ignoring the cooling benefit.

that would “burn cold” we would cool things the same way and perhaps the refrigeration/heat pump system would have never been invented.

The other reason HPWHs are only recently becoming widely available is related to the first reason and has to do with efficiency. The easiest way to do something is not always the best, or in this case, the most efficient. Recent years have seen significant improvements in both efficiency and reliability of refrigeration components, making it a more attractive and viable option to be used for heating water.

Heat Pump Water Heater Fan

Evaporator Expansion valve Accumulator

Graphic Stiebel Eltron

Condensor

Sacrificial anode

Just how efficient these HPWHs are is dependant on several factors, such as incoming water temperature and the ambient air temperature of the room where the tank is located. Since the heat that the unit is “pumping” into the water is extracted from the surrounding air, it stands to reason the efficiency rises with the air temperature.

It also stands to reason that the air temperature will be cooled. This can be an added benefit particularly in warmer climates, and when they are located in furnace rooms, which typically get overheated even during winter months.

If the cooling is not required or desired, the exhaust can be vented outdoors.

With its impressive efficiency numbers (see sidebar above) and considering the growing appetite for all AIR IN things green and efficient, HPWHs may just be an idea whose time has come. They have certainly opened my Compressor eyes to the potential of heat pump technology in general.

I expect that in the coming months and years we HOT WATER may be seeing more innovation.

OUTLET So the next time someone asks you what’s new, Electric booster you do not have to stand there scratching your head. element Instead you can ask: “Did you hear about the guy who turned his refrigerator on its head and made a water heater?” Good luck with that.

Hot water storage tank

COLD WATER INLET

hpacmag.com

Steve Goldie worked as a plumbing and heating contractor for almost 20 years before joining Noble Trade as manager of the heating department. In his current position Goldie focuses on product specification and system design solutions. He can be reached at stevegoldie@nobletrade.ca.

MAY/JUNE 2010 | HPAC

53

Finance

HST – What You Need To Know Now As a concept the Harmonized Sales Tax has much to recommend it. In reality the tax, which will be introduced in Ontario on July 1, 2010, will be a burden on business.

BY Hank Bulmash

1. HST is part federal and part provincial 2. New Large Business rules mean your business may be restricted in claiming ITCs 3. Point of supply is important

54

HPAC | May/June 2010

Canada is divided up into several point of supply zones, each with a different HST rate. Keeping track of point of supply could be very difficult.

1

Although HST has been sold as a unified tax, it is not. There is actually the federal portion at five per cent and the Ontario provincial portion at eight per cent. On certain items, the provincial potion is not levied – so there will be a reduced five per cent HST rate on newspapers, children’s clothing, books and some other consumer products that were PST exempt.

The Ontario government is calling this lower tax a point of sale rebate on the provincial portion of HST. To keep track of these items, point of sale software must be upgraded.

hpacmag.com

Graphic Istockphoto

A

lthough the idea was that the switch from provincial sales tax to a harmonized federal and provincial sales tax (called HST) would be neutral, in fact there will be winners and losers. That is because the new system will bring with it significant changes in how taxes are levied. In addition, the changeover is complicated by the fact that provinces will be compensated for taxes otherwise collected under PST. As a result of the provincial compensation arrangements, the new regime will not be as conceptually clear as the existing GST. There are three main things you must understand about the new HST system:

2

The concept behind the HST was that it would be a joint provincial and federal tax levied on the broad GST tax base. Like the GST, the HST would be a flow-through tax. In other words, companies that supply taxable goods and services would be able to claim input tax credits (ITCs) to recover their HST expenses. That is how the mature system is supposed to work. But the system will not be fully mature for eight years. Many businesses will be restricted from claiming full ITC’s for the next eight years. The restricted businesses are financial institutions and what Ontario is now calling “Large Business”. A Large Business (LB) has annual taxable supplies (or sales) in excess of $10 million. Clearly that is not very large especially considering that joint venture associates, partners and associated companies are lumped together as one. An entity is considered an LB whether or not it has a permanent establishment in Ontario.

The restricted ITCs are called recaptured ITCs or RITCs by the government. The RITCs do not cover the entire ITC claimable by the entity. RITCs cover only the provincial portion of the ITC – in Ontario that is eight per cent. The remaining five per cent, the federal amount, is still recoverable by businesses.

An LB’s ability to claim ITCs is restricted for purchases in four areas: vehicles, energy, telecommunication costs and meals and entertainment. There are some important exclusions to these rules, however. The purchase or lease of vehicles over 3,000 kg does not lead to RITCs. Vehicles that large are used in freight shipping or construction, not for personal transportation. Energy used in scientific research and experimental development (SR&ED) activities or the production of goods for sale is excluded from the RITC regime. Because it can be difficult to separate those production costs from non-production energy costs and there will be rules of thumb available for different industries.

Some LBs will be able to use a proxy process that allows the company to fit itself into an industry category allocated standard percentage to determine the portion of specified energy used to produce property for sale. A special proxy formula is also available to determine which energy needs are used directly for SR&ED activities.

Costs related to internet and web-hosting are excluded from the RITC provisions while other telecommunication expenses are subject to the RITC rules. Meals and entertainment for events where all the employees from a location are invited are excluded from RITC rules.

When dealing with RITCs it is not enough to simply not claim them. The refunds not being returned to businesses are in fact being paid to the province. In order for provinces to receive money as quickly as possible, LBs are required

to file electronically and report ITCs and RITCs when they first become available. There are penalties for filing late.

LBs must report all RITCs that they would have been entitled to claim were it not for the recapture rules.

The RITC rules will be in effect until June 30, 2018. The amount of RITC’s (relating to the provincial share of HST) will decline over that period – but very slowly. The rules will apply to 100 per cent of the provincial share from July 1, 2010 to June 30, 2015. From July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2016 – they will apply to 75 per cent. From July 1, 2016 to June 30, 2017 – 50 per cent and from July 1 2017 to June 30, 2018 – 25 per cent. Thereafter, RITCs will be reduced to zero.

3

Under HST rules, point of supply becomes an important concept. Canada is divided up into several point of supply zones, each with a different HST rate. HST in BC is 12 per cent, in Alberta and territories five per cent, in Ontario 13 per cent and in Quebec 13.5 per cent (GST + QC proposed). Companies will have to self-assess taxes and rebates when they sell into a lower or higher rate zone. There will be rebate adjustments for the provincial portion of HST where supplies are sold into lower or higher rate zones. Keeping track of point of supply could be very difficult. Be forewarned – system changes are likely to be needed.

When GST was introduced into Canada the argument was put forward that the tax was a good idea because it replaced the old manufacturing tax. That tax put Canadian manufactured goods at a disadvantage compared with imports and it had a narrow base that hurt the manufacturing part of our economy. Shifting to a broad based value added tax was a good idea economically, but it put a huge burden on every business in the country. Hundreds of millions of transactions had to be recorded and accounted for – all leading to almost no tax being collected because of the flow-through nature of the tax. Ultimately the GST mostly falls on the consumer.

Similarly the HST as a concept has much to recommend it, but again it will put an expensive cost burden on all businesses. Accounting for transactions will be different than under the GST/PST system. Systems will have to be changed more to accommodate government requirements.

This transition will not be an easy one.

Hank Bulmash, CA, MBA, is senior partner with Bulmash Cullemore Chartered Accountants and is president of its consultant subsidiary BusinessLab Inc. E-mail him at hank@businesslab.ca May/June 2010 | HPAC

55

products Plumbing

The EelCam EC-8SD Camera Inspection System from Electric Eel offers users a digital recorder that records video of the inspection directly onto a SD (Secure Digital) flash card. The unit is housed in a 10.4 lb. compact carry case, which includes controls for microphone, lights, camera test port and secondary video and audio outs.

RectorSeal’s Clean Check extendable back-

Date, distance and time

water valves are designed to prevent sewage

are displayed on screen,

backup into a residence or building. Installed

and a keyboard for add-

outside residential or commercial properties,

ing

valves consist of a tee-shaped valve body,

text

is

included.

electriceel.com

a top collar and a bottom collar with a replaceable PVC flapper attached. The valves are available in ABS and PVC and in multiple sizes. esgallagher.com

continued on page 58

Join The Green Scene

New WatcoFlex Bath Waste ...installs faster/easier TM

Special patent pending PVC flexible tubing. Eliminates four field joints.

Innovator overflow parts assemble by hand. No screws. Approved by IAPMO. It’s green. You’ll get used to seeing it.

Just ask your wholesaler

WATCO MANUFACTURING COMPANY

1220 South Powell Road, Independence, MO 64057-2724 Phone 816-796-3900 • FAX 816-796-0875 A Division of WCM Industries, Inc.

56

HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

hpacmag.com

DON’T LET

WINTER WEATHER BURST YOUR BUBBLE

Freezeless AND Anti-Rupture? What’s the difference? A freezeless faucet has the shut off mechanism well within the heated portion of the home – but what if a garden hose or other device is inadvertently left connected to a faucet during freezing temperatures? Water in the tube fails to drain, this water then begins to freeze and pressure in the tube is increased as ice forms and tries to compress the water trapped in the tube. The tube ruptures and the next time the faucet is used the wall will fill with water. Woodford Model 19 Freezeless Faucets have a patented pressure relief valve which allows for expansion during freezing temperatures, saving the faucet and preventing a costly repair or call back.

With Woodford’s Model 19, you’re protected – even from other people’s mistakes!

WOODFORD’S MODEL 19 • Anti-Rupture • Anti-Siphon ASSE 1019 Freezeless Wall Faucets

Anti-Rupture

Mounting Sleeve

WOODFORD MANUFACTURING COMPANY Toll Free (800) 621-6032 A Division Of WCM Industries, Inc.

www.WOODFORDMFG.com

products Plumbing continued from page 56

Elster Perfection has introduced Hydrosert brass adapter couplings.

They feature a design that separates and optimizes both the gripping and sealing areas of the fitting. Once assembled, the fitting can rotate on the HDPE pipe without affecting the watertight seal.

The male and female brass adapters are pressure-rated to the design pressure of the HDPE pipe to be connected, up to 200 PSIG (13.8 bar). elster.com The Hansgrohe PuraVida line of faucets, showers and accessories is marked by rounded lines in pure chrome and dual-finish options. Faucets include single-hole and widespread lav models, plus a single-han-

The Porcher Solutions wall-

dle bidet faucet and freestanding tub filler. For the shower, a15-inch x

mounted toilet is a dual-flush

10-inch showerhead with wall and ceiling mounts, two different hand-

system

showers, a bodyspray, plus temperature and water-flow controls are

that exceeds HET standards.

offered. An EasyClick button on the three-jet handshower facilitates

Low flush is 0.8 GPF, full

switching spray modes. hansgrohe-usa.com

flush 1.6 GPF, for an average

with

performance

usage of 1.1 GPF. The toilet can be mounted at a custom height, as high as 19 inches.

The slow-close seat provides near-silent operation. americanstandard.ca

Unsurpassed Serviceability, First-Rate Performance in a Shorter, Smaller Package • Certified to NSF/ANSI 61-G (No Lead) • Shorter lay length – fits in smaller valve box • Top access to test cocks, shutoff valves, and check assembly – easy to test • Entire flow housing is removable to facilitate check access for cleaning or repair • Easy to winterize by removing wetted components between shutoff valves • Simple design – composite housing and check modules resist corrosion

375XL 350XL

Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Assembly

Double Check Backflow Assembly

The Auto-Clean drain cleaning machine from Ridgid works in pipes from 3/4 to 1-1/2 inches in diameter. It is designed to clean sink, utility sink, tub and shower drains. It features dual-direction Autofeed Zurn Industries Limited 3544 Nashua Drive, Mississauga, ON L4V 1L2 Phone: (905) 405-8272 Fax: (905) 405-1292 www.zurn.com • zurn.mail@zurncanada.com

technology, which advances and retrieves the drain-cleaning cable with the push of a lever. Aluminum paddles allow the user to feed cable down the drain at 18-feet per minute. The machine is compact and weighs 11 lbs. ridgid.com/tools/auto-spin

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products HVAC/R

The ePIV from Belimo is a two-way valve that directly measures flow by combining a magnetic flow meter and a two-way control valve. The ePIV ranges in size from 2 1/2" to 5" with 6" to be released soon. Features include constant flow regardless of pressure variations in the system, stainless steel characterizing disc standard and a magnetic flow sensor. belimo.us

Trane has introduced the compact XB300 air conditioner. It features all aluminum construction and Manual Charge Assist(tm). Designed for a small footprint, the unit can be installed by one person. trane.com

Extech

Instruments

EX540

wireless digital multimeter and datalogger offers wireless data streaming to a laptop or PC for datalogging or real-time monitoring. It can log up to 9,999 readings internally and also reads voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, frequency (with dualrange sensitivity for electrical and electronic work), duty cycle (dwell), continuity, diode testing (2.8V), and temperature (using its Type K thermistor bead probe). Several one-button statistical data functions include minimum/maximum, relative, hold, and peak hold as well as selectable auto-ranging or manual-ranging. An analog-style bargraph complements the EX540's triple-reading display. extech.com/instruments

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The Airtight Duct Takeoff from Don Park has a rigid 1.5" mounting flange, screw pilot holes and a 1/8" thick double-sided adhesive gasket.

With a low profile design height of 3.5" it allows for installation in tight spaces and for the balanced damper to be positioned right inside the duct. It is available in diameters from 4" to 14" galvanized. donpark.com

the power of 3 The Jetstream1600 portable evaporative cooling unit from Port-A-Cool offers louvres to direct airflow, dual water fill options utilizing the built-in reservoir or a garden hose, a builtin cord wrap and a larger reservoir for longer run times. Designed to cool up to 1,000 sq. ft., the units have a one-piece housing. port-a-cool.com

E3Point = efficient operations + energy management + economical value.

E3Point detects almost every toxic or flammable gas that threaten the security of your building — CO, NO2, O2, H2, H2S, CH4 and C3H8. It can monitor one or two gases simultaneously, through a base station and optional remote sensor. It functions as a standalone unit or fully addressable network device that can connect up to 96 gas monitors, controllers and hybrid wired-wireless system components. E3Point links to almost any BAS including Modbus and BACnet to optimize HVAC, fire, smoke and other critical systems. It works where and how you need it to, from indoor environments to outbuildings, -40 to +122ºF extreme temperatures, analog or digital, wall or duct-mount. E3Point is easy to wire, easy to maintain and easy to operate — everyone from the installing contractor to the maintenance technician will appreciate the plug and play sensor and modular unit design, easy-to-view LCD monitor, and ergonomic design features. To stretch your building’s performance, call us now. Honeywell Analytics. Experts in gas detection.

Munters DryCool Split System is equipped with five tons of cooling and a desiccant wheel to control humidity and temperature independently. The system treats 2,200 total cfm of air (up to 500 cfm OA) and is suitable

For E3Point product details and specifications, call 1-800-538-0363 or visit E3Point.com © 2010 Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved.

for new and retrofit applications. munters.us

MAY/JUNE 2010 | HPAC

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Mechanical Supply News Honeywell Snags School Asset Management Contract Honeywell recently announced a $78-million contract with B2L Partnership, which is contracted to Alberta to deliver a Total Asset Management program for 10 new kindergarten through ninth-grade schools in Calgary and Edmonton.

Honeywell will be responsible for the performance and maintenance of the facilities over the next 30 years, as well as design support and installation of climate control, fire and security systems.

The contract builds on a previous Total Asset Management agreement for the construction and upkeep of 18 new LEED Silver-certified schools. Honeywell has started to assume maintenance responsibility for several schools, which have been completed ahead of schedule. honeywell.com/buildingsolutions

acquired Plomberie Payette & Perreault, which includes two retail showrooms. In other Noble news, the company has expanded its business to include HVAC products for residential and commercial applications, as well as specialty installations. The wholesaler is the exclusive Canadian distributor of Fraser-Johnston products and also stocks other brands including Olsen oil furnaces and boilers and ADP coils and air handlers.

Mergers and acquisitions Watts Water Technologies, Inc. has added Blue Ridge Atlantic Enterprises (BRAE) to the Watts Drainage platform.

BRAE is a provider of engineered rain water harvesting solutions and addresses the commercial, industrial and residential markets. wattswater.com

Expansions Rule For Noble Noble has acquired the assets of Groupe LGC (groupelgc. com), a Montreal based plumbing wholesaler. A privately held company that was established in 2001, LGC operates a 40,000 warehouse on Boulevard Langelier. Noble recently

Regal Beloit/LEESON Canada has acquired Air-Con Technology Inc., Air-Con will consolidate operations and staff, including founder Frank Sulima, into Leeson’s Mississauga, ON facility. regalbeloit.com

CLIPS • CLIPS • CLIPS • CLIPS • CLIPS • CLIPS • CLIPS • CLIPS

»» Wolseley’s Kitchen & Bath Classics (KBC) showroom

»» »» »»

62

took home three awards at the recent SAM Awards Gala, presented by The Canadian Home Builders’ Association – Calgary Region.

KBC was the first place winner of a SAM Builder’s Choice Partner Award in the Supplier of Products (with showroom) category. KBC took second place in the Grand SAM Partner of the Year category and placed third in the category of Best Brochure. wolseleyinc.ca Peerless Pump Canada has relocated its facilities from Burlington, ON to Grundfos Canada’s headquarters in Oakville, ON at 2941 Brighton Rd as of February 2010. peerlesspump.com HeatLink has increased its prairie presence with the naming of Dynamic Agencies as its rep in Saskatchewan. heatlink.com The Master Group L.P. has opened its Kingston branch.

This is Master’s third branch in Ontario and 15th in total. Located at 1225 Gardiners Road, Suite 107, the

HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

»»

»» »»

7,000 sq. ft. location will specialize in refrigeration, cooling and heating. Contact the Kingston branch at tel. 613-634-2552. master.ca Refrigerant Services Inc. has relocated to 15 Williams Ave., Dartmouth, N.S. “This new facility will allow us to process up to 20,000 cylinders per year with further room for expansion if needed,” said Jim Thomas, president. “In addition, we will be expanding our research and development activities to further improve and expand on our products and services.” Contact RSI at tel. 902-468-4997. rscool.com WaterFurnace International has expanded HydronAire Ltd.’s geoexchange products in Manitoba, Saskatchewan territory to cover the entire Western Canada region.

Frontier Wolseley HVAC/R Group Rexdale Branch has moved to 210 Rexdale Blvd. tel. 416-246-9993. In addition, the Frontier Etobicoke Branch at 301 Evans Avenue has relocated to the 25,000 sq. ft. Rexdale facility. wolseleyinc.ca

hpacmag.com

PEOPLE

»» Uponor »» »»

»»

recently hired Sandy Hoyt as national account manager for Ecoflex. He has more than 20 years in the pre-insulated pipe systems market.

At Maax Bath Mark Gold has assumed Hoyt the position of president and CEO. Also at Maax, Thomas Boulanger is now product certification and quality manager – research and development.

Thermadyne Industries has announced that Tony Coco, Bill Wehrman and Vickie Marshall have joined its marketing and sales team. As director of channel marketing and national accounts, Coco is responsible for marketing all Thermadyne products throughout North and South America. Wehrman is responsible for defining and directing the marketing communication strategy for the Americas. Marshall is responsible for web-based products within the company.

The Master Group has promoted Daniel Le Tallec to

Gold

»»

»»

Coco

Le Tallec

Makarewicz

the position of vice president, supply chain management. He started his career at Master more than 20 years ago.

Jaga Climate Systems has named Christopher Makarewicz national engineering HVAC system advisor. Prior to joining Jaga, Makarewicz provided project management and consultation support for several large residential and commercial building construction projects.

Raymond Beauchemin of Group Marburco Inc. has been named president of Canadian Institute of Plumbing and Heating Quebec (CIPH Quebec).

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hpacmag.com

MAY/JUNE 2010 | HPAC

63

Tools

2

4

3 1 2

Horn Machine Tools has introduced the 2010 Elite Series of tube bending machines with capacities ranging from 1-1/4” to 10”. The benders are lowered to a load height of 36"

Milwaukee Electric Tool offers the M12

from the floor to the centre of the tube (based on a 5” bender). Taller machines are available if

Cordless Fork Meter, which provides

greater floor clearance is desired. The machines feature a direct acting swing arm designed to

current measurement, voltage measurement,

reduce clamping deflection. A direct acting clamp and PD, along with an upright PDA design, are

voltage detection and task lighting. The 2207-

designed to make it easier to remove and position tooling. hornmachinetools.com

1

21 is a four-in-one True-RMS electrical tester for residential, commercial and industrial applications. It has a 0.63" jaw opening and a voltage range to 1000 volts AC/DC. The tool

3

The Ridgid SMARTCART wet/dry vac includes accessory nozzles and hose

4

The Metro-Rooter from General Pipe Cleaners is the Mini-Rooter of root cut-

offers Lo-Z measurement to eliminate ghost

organized in storage drawers within the unit.

ting machines. With a capacity of 75 feet of

voltage, a white on black display, a slide rail

Additional storage space on the back of the

5/8" Flexicore wire rope centre cable, it han-

system to add proprietary accessories and

unit fits the 20-foot extension cord, two ex-

dles roots and other tough stoppages in 3"

over-molding for increased durability and

tension wands and cleaning supplies.

through 6" lines, or users can switch to 100

grip. milwaukeetool.com

ridgid.com

ft. of 1/2" cable for smaller jobs. The maneuverable unit features a fold-down handle, truck loading wheel and a lightweight frame on 10" heavy-duty wheels for easy transport.

An optional stair climber package is avail-

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HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

able. drainbrain.com

6

5

VISIT HPACMAG.COM 7 5

8 The Hilti PMC 46 Combilaser one kit box features a 20-hour battery

6

Reed’s Spring-Loaded Tubing Cutter is easy-to-grip and the cutter wheel

and rubberized drop points to add dura-

self-feeds with consistent pressure as the

bility. The kit includes a PMA 78 univer-

tool is turned around the tubing. Its com-

sal adapter, a wall mount, ceiling clamp,

pact c-shape with no handle swing space

magnetic bracket and drywall stand.

required means this cutter is suited to low

hilti.ca

clearance areas. Each cutter fits just one popular size of copper tubing and the cutter wheel is replaceable. reedmfgco.com

7

Walter Surface Technologies offers Air Force/AF-Weld, a system

that is designed to reduce the costs of welding operations while simultaneously minimizing the environmental impact.

8

Cliplight Mfg. has introduced Dry R moisture-removing additive for

According to the manufacturer, its anti-

commercial, industrial and residential

spatter formula inhibits corrosion, allows

AC/R systems. It comes in a one-ounce

for immediate painting and helps prevent

vacuum-packed can with its own charg-

weld porosity. The system is comprised

ing hose and is compatible with all re-

of an automatic refilling station, a reus-

frigerants/oils. The additive is applied to

able aluminum bottle and a 10L bag-

the low-pressure service port of a fully-

in-box of AF-Weld anti-spatter product.

charged, operating system.

walter.com

cliplight.com

hpacmag.com

SALES and MArkEting poSition to be filled For the last 24 years K-W Electronic Service Inc. has been supporting domestic, residential and commercial clients, growing to become a leading provider of innovative solutions, product design, in electronic engineering and technology.

To qualify for this exciting Sales and Marketing position the prospective candidate will possess: •Excellent knowledge of control, hydronics and HVAC systems •Proven track record in building high value long term relationships.

•Formal education in Sales/Marketing plus 3 to 5 years of sales/marketing and related experience •Exceptional skills in creating and delivering presentation material (MS suite, desktop publishing) •Experience in relationship building at the management/senior management level and strong negotiations skills To apply for this position please visit our web site at www.kwe-tech.com and send your resume and cover letter to

opportunities@kwe-tech.com MAY/JUNE 2010 | HPAC

65

Sprinkler systems

h t e s u c e l o ca n S e u e S fl h In om T The Fr y Tip Ma a or f g

s

t in hi f

p su

pl y

d an

. nd a m de

n S ari EVAN p e K Pr AR BY

working group that will revise the current version of the ASSE 7000-2008 for release. The intent is that this standard will be referenced by authorities having jurisdiction (AHJs) as they adopt the 2009 version of the IRC.

POINT OF DIVERGENCE What is interesting is that both the ICC and ASSE initiatives set up a point of divergence from the status quo.

Up to this point, the local authority havng jurisdiction (AHJ) would review the design as part of the permit application and approvals process.

In Canada, RFS system installations are generally undertaken in accordance with (and governed by) the design guidelines set out by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 13-D standard. Originally developed in 1980, it has evolved as new construction products and practices for installation have entered the residential construction market (see sidebar).

The point of divergence is in regard to what standard will govern the new wave of RFS installations, and more to the point, will there be a change in who is qualified to design, install and inspect these systems. If we see a carry-over of momentum for compulsory RFS installations from the U.S. to Canada, the questions being asked there will generate similar dialogue here.

Currently in the City of Vancouver, you would have to be both a Licensed Sprinkler Fitter and hold a Plumbing Trades Qualification Certificate in order to install a multipurpose system in accordance with their by-laws. If not, then the job has to be performed by two separate tradesmen, which raises practical concerns. Could the answer lie south of the border in the form of these new plumbing based resi-

*To view the full release see http://media.iccsafe.org/news/eNews/2010v7n7/NR041510-PMG.pdf

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HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

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Photo Istockphoto

T

here is no question that the number of residential fire sprinkler (RFS) systems being installed in North America is on the rise, however, in the past big wins in terms of broad scale compulsory compliance have been few and far between. Today, it seems that our industry should be poised for a huge shift in both supply and demand if we follow the U.S. lead.

A recent press release from the International Code Council entitled Industry Leaders Partner for Dwelling Fire Sprinkler Contractor Accreditation* addressed the provision in The 2009 International Residential Code (IRC), which requires newly constructed one- and two family houses to include the installation of fire sprinkler systems, and the resulting need for accredited professionals to install them. The Commission for the Accreditation for Dwelling Fire Sprinkler Contractors has been charged with developing programs for accreditation.

Contiguous with this initiative is the development of the Series 7000-2008, a Professional Qualifications Standard for Plumbing Based Residential Fire Protection Systems Installers and Inspectors, by the American Society of Sanitary Engineering (ASSE). Series 7000-2008 consists of two standards: the 7010 Standard and the 7020 Standard. Neither of these standards apply to the installation of stand-alone fire protection systems.

With the proliferation of residential fire suppression systems being installed in compliance with the National Fire Protection Association Standard 13D, ASSE was asked to develop a standard series for Plumbing-Based Residential Fire Protection Systems Installers and Inspectors as part of its Professional Qualifications Standards program.

In April of this year, ASSE held its first meeting of the

M

dential code initiatives? Our national model code could be amended to reference such standards if desired, or in the case of the City of Vancouver, which has its own Charter, they could simply enact a by-law change.

THE WILL TO MANDATE Is there a political will to mandate RFS systems in Canada on a provincial or national basis? The spread of this compulsory compliance has been hotly contended, pitting construction industry interests against local governments and the fire safety community.

Interestingly, one voice that seems absent from the discussion is that of the consumer. Joel Lycan is a real estate professional in the District of Maple Ridge, BC, which enacted a compulsory fire sprinkler by-law six years ago.

At that time I had a conversation with Lycan about what options would be available for his builder clients. I spoke with him again recently to see how the inclusion of RFS systems had played out with home buyers.

According to Lycan, over 90 per cent of the people touring new homes have never lived with a fire sprinkler system. The typical myths that you see represented by both camps in the “should we or shouldn’t we” fight are actual questions that Lycan is asked in earnest.

VARIATION ALLOWS FOR MULTIPURPOSE SYSTEM In 1985 the NFPA amended the NFPA 13-D guidelines allowing for a new variation of the standard wet alarm system, this being the multipurpose system. The principal behind this design application is quite ingenious; it combines the RFS system into the home's potable water distribution system. Thus, the piping is designed to serve the purposes of both systems. There are two principle benefits to be gained from either a “gridded”, “looped” or “networked” design or the modified "flow through" version of the multipurpose design adopted by the City of Vancouver on May 12, 1993.

One is the elimination of the backflow prevention device separating most dedicated fire protection systems from the potable water supply. This then also eliminates the annual testing and certification requirements that many jurisdictions have in place to insure the performance of testable devices. The other benefit is related to system function as, if the plumbing system does not provide running water, this will not go unnoticed. Thus, system function would be better insured and failures relating to lack of water (i.e. closed supply valves), a thing of the past.

“Now I have to explain how the system works and try to highlight the benefit of the system being in the home,” added Lycan. “My client, the builder, has made this investment, but there are few resources available to help me in creating a perception of value around the system.”

Lycan’s point is well taken and herein lies the opportunity. We as an industry are part of developing these new avenues for design, installation and inspection of RFS systems. We have lent our support to lobby elected officials to enact compulsory requirements. What we have not done is apply our marketing skills to assist in bringing the consumer onside. Outside of the emotional “don’t you want to keep your family safe” message, we do not have a perception of the value message for consumers.

DEFINING THE BENEFITS Do homebuilders and home buyers consider RFS systems a good investment? What are the motivations of AHJs, home builders and home buyers, and are they the same?

For AHJs the reasons include: Capital Cost Deferrals – By mandating sprinklers, local authorities may be able to forestall investments in infrastructure, such as water treatment facilities, capacity upgrades to water distribution mains, and construction of new facilities (fire halls).

Cost Reduction – When homes in a given development are sprinkled, the distance between fire stations serving that area is greater than would be possible without sprinkled homes.

For a home builder or developer the reasons should include: Increased development density – There are trade-offs that can be made here between the developer and the local jurisdiction. Sprinkled buildings often allow for reduced fire department access to building sides, they may allow for narrower streets, fewer parking restrictions (and dedicated parking spaces), longer cul-de-sacs, and so on.

Reduced (or exempted) plan and permit fees.

Further, when you consider that the builder has discretion over the disposition of any cost savings, and the cost of the RFS will generally accrue to the home buyer as part of the home price where they are mandated, RFS systems can significantly increase the profitability of a given development.

Finally, why would a potential homeowner want to purchase a sprinkled home? As an industry we are quick to point out the discounts on home insurance. However, these savings have proven to be minimal.

The incremental cost of the system, based on the avercontinued on page 68

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67

Sprinkler systems

continued from page 67

age square footage of the sample homes (2,262 sq. ft.) and the average installed cost of $1.23 per sq. ft., is approximately $2,700. This figure could have been less as the average installed cost of a multipurpose system in the sample homes was $1.04 per sq. ft. compared to $1.61 per sq. ft. for homes which were sprinkled with stand-alone systems. The end result is a pay-back of 51 years, which is tough to sell.

If the momentum from the U.S. carries over to Canada, more homes will likely include a multipurpose system instead of a stand-alone system. If so, here are some other possible benefits for the home owner: The elimination of a dedicated water service and meter set for the fire protection system (not required in all jurisdictions).

The elimination of the flow switch and local alarm components.

Combining the piping grid – the potential for savings upon initial installation (compared to two separate and dedicated systems).

In addition, it is now part of an engineered piping system, the performance of the potable (or plumbing) component of the system can benefit.

sprinklers are good for the environment. In the report, it was determined in a side-by-side comparison of two identical structures where one was sprinkled and the other not; that the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the fire in the sprinkled structure were 98 per cent less than those generated by the fire in the un-sprinkled structure. Further, the study demonstrated in this comparison that the sprinklers reduced the amount of water pollution released into the environment by reducing the amount of water required to the fire by 91 per cent and reduced the fire damage by 97 per cent. These are the “intangible tangibles” that will help Lycan and others as they look to communicate value to home buyers seeing RFS systems for the first time.

So, what of the RFS system trend? As more jurisdictions choose to mandate RFS systems, both opportunity and competition in this market sector will grow. This will influence the viability of alternate materials such as PEX pipe, alternate methods, such as the multipurpose system, and will shape the future of the RFS market in Canada.

During the course of his career in the mechanical industry Mark Evans has worked on the wholesaler and manufacturer side in sales and marketing positions. Contact him at mark@ markevans.net or visit markevans.net.

THE GREEN APPEAL A recent study, in which the non-profit Home Fire Sprinkler Coalition partnered with FM Global, concluded that fire

Calendar 2010 HRAI Annual Meeting August 19-21

World Energy Congress September 12-16

The Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Institute is holding its annual meeting at the Delta Lodge at Kananaskis in Alberta. hrai.ca

The 21st World Energy Congress will be held in Montreal, QC. worldenergy.org

Green Building Festival September 23-24

MCA Canada Annual National Conference September 22-25

The 2010 Green Building Festival will be held at the Direct Energy Centre in Toronto, ON. greenbuildingfest.com

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HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

The Mechanical Contractors Association of Canada is holding its annual meeting in Halifax, NS at the Halifax Marriott Hotel. mcac.ca

CHES National Trade Show & Education Forum September 19-21 The Canadian Healthcare Engineering Society will meet at the Telus Conference Centre in Whistler, BC. chesconference.com

CIPHEX West November 3-4 CIPH’s western trade show and conference is being held in Calgary, AB. ciph.com

hpacmag.com

Advertorial

®

SMALL BUSINESS— BIG PLANS TAPPING INTO YOUR COMPANY’S POTENTIAL FOR GROWTH

O

wners of small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) are known for their entrepreneurial spirit, and their ability to spot opportunities others miss. They’re usually incredibly driven, taking a hands-on approach to just about every facet of their business.

Such attentiveness is what makes these companies successful in the first place. The challenge, though, is having enough time to craft a plan to take your enterprise to the next level.

Steve Lilley knows all about that hurdle. He’s president of Protocase North America (Sydney, NS), which manufactures custom electronic enclosures for engineers and designers.

“We’re 10 years old now, and we’ve realized phenomenal growth,” Lilley says.

“The issue is being able to recognize those

Lilley holds an engineering designation, so he was able to access further credit.

“They saw the potential in the business and they really wanted to make something happen for us,” he recalls. The company is firmly established now, and has recently constructed a new building, furnishing it with a whole new set of manufacturing equipment. In terms of the future, Lilley feels the company has only “scratched the surface” with its growth potential.

So he sees plenty of opportunity ahead, now that financing hurdles are receding.

Growing pains like the ones experienced

by Protocase are fairly common to SMBs, adds David Wilton, director of small business banking with Scotiabank.

Scotiabank’s advisors across the country work with small enterprises from all callings—manufacturing to retail to services.

“With growth often comes cash flow challenges. That’s why it’s important to have a strong business plan that you use as a roadmap to deal with challenges and opportunities as they become evident.” growth opportunities and make sure you’re prepared for them. It’s all about balance.”

In Lilley’s case, that balance was jeopardized when customers started asking for net 30 day payment terms. “We had to cash flow all those orders,” he says. “It was getting really difficult with a $6,000 line of credit to finance $150,000 to $250,000 in receivables.”

That’s when Scotiabank provided a solution. Lilley’s small business banker told him about a financing program specifically geared toward professionals.

“With growth often comes cash flow challenges,” Wilton says. “That’s why it’s important to have a strong business plan that you use as a roadmap to deal with challenges and opportunities as they become evident.”

Getting the right advice, and making use of tools such as business plan writers and forecasting guides are key steps, he adds.

“These tools allow you to investigate the natural outcomes of various levels of growth. They include a financial projection tool that lets you play ‘what-if?’ So, for

instance, it lets you model questions, such as ‘if my revenue were to increase 50 per cent, how much incremental cash flow would I need to increase inventory and receivables 50 per cent?’”

With receivables, you could review policies, payment terms and methods— cheque, Visa or a number of other mechanisms—that might allow remittances to grow at a slower rate than revenue growth, thereby protecting cash flow, Wilton says.

“You can also determine if you have the right level of owner equity invested in the business, if you should arrange for a higher credit limit, or potentially bring in partners that might invest. These are all things you can investigate once you understand the implications and financial impact of different strategies.”

In fact, regular communication with a trusted advisor underpins any successful expansion plan, adds Wilton. Through his day-to-day conversations with SMB owners—getting to know their companies, goals and challenges—he notes the most successful ones have built themselves a trusted network of advisors, comprised of accountants, lawyers, financial planners and small business bankers.

With the right advice, tools and partners in place, small business owners realize being pressed for time doesn’t mean putting growth on hold. A solid plan, and regular check-ups, will keep your company on course through the commotion, busy days and overall juggling that comes with owning a business. Get growing!

We offer you more so you can do more! Visit getgrowingforbusiness.com ® Registered trademarks of The Bank of Nova Scotia or speak to a Scotiabank Small Business advisor.

Training

FOR AN extensive list of training opportunities SEE HPAC'S NEWSLETTER @ hpacmag.com

Hydronics Training

HRAI SkillTech Academy

Information on the Canadian Hydronics Council two-day Introduction to Hydronic Heating Installations course is available at ultimatecomfort.ca or tel. 416-695-0447.

Subsidies and incentives are available for SkillTech’s residential courses, including the new Indoor Air Quality Awareness three-day program. hrai.ca

GeoExchange Training

CMCEF National Seminar Program

Developed by the Canadian GeoExchange Coalition (CGC), the three-day training program is intended for those involved with the installation of residential geothermal systems. skilltech@hrai.ca

The Canadian Mechanical Contracting Education Foundation program includes: commissioning, dispatcher training, change out and project management. cmcef.org

TheSource AquaTech........................................(866) 594-0767........................aquatech.ws..................................................... page 45 Bradford White-Canada....................(866) 690-0961........................bradfordwhite.com............................................... page 9 Brant Steel......................................(519)756-5700.........................brantsteel.com.................................................. page 29 CIPH...............................................(800) 639-2474........................ciphexwest.ca................................................... page 35 Coleman.........................................(800) 668-2389........................colemanac.com................................................. page 10 Delta Faucet Canada.......................(800) 567-3300........................deltafaucet.com.................................................. page 5 Flir Systems....................................(800) 430-6754........................goinfrared.com.................................................. page 43 Ford................................................(800) 668-5515........................fleet.ford.ca...................................................... page 17 Franklin Electric..............................(260) 824-2900........................constantpressure.com....................................... page 13 GeoSmart Energy............................(866) 310-6690........................geosmartenergy.com................................... page 45, 47 Great Lakes Copper.........................(800) 265-9271........................glcopper.com.................................................... page 18 Honeywell Analytics.........................(800) 538-0363........................honeywellanalytics.com..................................... page 61 Hood Chemical................................(800) 567-9791........................hoodchemical.com............................................ page 43 Hydronic Panels...............................(416) 622-7681........................hydronicpanels.com........................................... page 46 Hydronics Agencies.........................(877) FERNOX-4U......................hydronicagenices.com....................................... page 29 ITT..................................................(847) 966-3700........................bellgossett.com................................................ page 31 Knaack...........................................(800) 456-7865........................weatherguard.com............................................. page 18 Liberty Pumps.................................(800) 543-2550........................libertypumps.com............................................... page 7 Master Group..................................(877) 477-7021........................master.ca......................................................... page 59 Mercedes-Benz...............................................................................mercedes-benz.ca............................................... page 2 Milwaukee......................................(800) 268-4015........................milwaukeetool.com............................................ page 19 Mitsubishi Electric..........................(905) 475-7728........................mitsubishielectric.ca......................................... page 11 Ontor Ltd.........................................(416) 781-5286........................ontor.com........................................................... page 8 RMC...............................................(866) 622-0209........................refrigerantmanagement.ca................................. page 60 Runtal North America......................(888) 829-4901........................runtalnorthamerica.com..................................... page 38 ScotiaBank....................................................................................getgrowingforbusiness.com................................ page 69 Selkirk............................................(888) 735-5175........................selkirkcorp.com.................................................. page 3 Taco Canada...................................(905) 564-9422........................taco-hvac.com................................................... page 22 Tekmar............................................(250) 545-7749........................tekmarcontrols.com.......................................... page 25 Testo..............................................(800) 227-0729........................testo.com......................................................... page 12 Thermo Mfg.....................................(888) 678-3709........................thermopan.com................................................. page 71 Topog-E Gaskets..............................(800) 587 7123.......................topog-e.com...................................................... page 38 Triangle Tube...................................(856) 228-8881........................triangletube.com............................................... page 51 Watco Mfg......................................(816) 796-3900........................watcomfg.com.................................................. page 56 Watts Canada.................................(888) 208-8927........................wattscanada.ca........................................... page 23, 72 Wilo Canada....................................(866) 945-6236........................wilo-canada.com............................................... page 52 Woodford Mfg..................................(800) 621-6032........................woodfordmfg.com.............................................. page 57 Yorkland Controls............................(877) 733-3833........................yorkland.net...................................................... page 63 Zurn................................................(905) 405-8272........................zurn.com.......................................................... page 58

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HPAC | MAY/JUNE 2010

hpacmag.com

Safety Isn't Just Skin Deep...

Corrosion Resistant Check Valve Construction

Single Access Cover

TM

Top Mounted Straight Tube Check Stainless Steel Retainer Body

Patented Linkage Design

Stainless Steel Piston and Stem Investment Cast Stainless Steel Body

Torsion Spring Design

Uniquely Contoured Check Valve Opening

Stainless Steel Relief Valve Cover Screws

Slotted Pivot Point

Replaceable Check Disc Rubber

Specify Superior Backflow Protection from Watts When it comes to protecting the health and safety of people, why choose anything but the best?

The Watts SilverEagleTM Series backflow assemblies incorporate the latest design features to protect against contamination at health hazard cross-connections. The SilverEagle series is the most compact, the lightest and offers the most flexibility of any backflow assembly in the industry. Specify the valve with safety at its core! For additional information and to view the latest SilverEagle approvals, visit our website at www.wattscanada.ca or call 1-888-208-8927.