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e d i t o r i a l electronic products andtechnology technology electronic products and Volume 31 Number 7

October 2009

Stephen Law Editor 416.510.5208 slaw@ept.ca

David Boss, P.Eng. Contributing Editor

Peter Caulfield

West Tech Correspondent pcaulfield@telus.net

Tracy Lelyk

Peter Loney

Art Director / Group Administrator 416.510.5120 tlelyk@ept.ca

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Component counterfeiting could worsen once demand picks up Distribution experts have expressed growing concern that the issue of counterfeit electronic components is getting worse, as an increasing number of bogus parts continue to enter the supply chain field. Upon first glance, validation of just how rampant the issue is today can be as hard as discerning bogus from genuine parts. For the past decade, counterfeiters have become more sophisticated at what they do, making it harder to identify fakes. After more electronics manufacturing moved overseas about a decade ago, counterfeiters have acquired the know-how and improved their quality using more advanced techniques. Leakage out of the legitimate supply chain, called ‘diversion’ creates the ‘gray-market’ that devalues any product caught in its grip. Sometimes gray-market products are leaked back into legitimate supply chains, most often accompanied by counterfeits, out-dated products or products that have been remanufactured to superficial specifications but with limited capacity or shortened functional lifetimes. Counterfeit parts pose a greater risk to the entire supply chain today because the criminals have developed more sophisticated techniques, says the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA), which established an anti-counterfeiting task force three-years ago. SIA says that a simple visual inspection of parts will not identify all counterfeit parts and many fakes are mislabeled. For instance a part number may indicate a RoHS-compliant part, when in fact – it isn’t. Profitability and brand trust are often damaged for legitimate component makers via the infiltration of counterfeits, says SIA. Consumers do not get what they pay for. Computer purchasers may believe they are getting a system with fast chips, but in reality they are getting

remarked chips that deliver slower performance with an increased risk of failure. What about the inherit risk to end-users or consumers that a counterfeit part could cause a catastrophic failure in equipment – I.E. a bad part on the landing gear of an airplane or braking systems of a train or in a defibrillator. The National Electronic Distributors Association (NEDA) says the only way to prevent bogus parts from getting into the supply chain is for purchasers to buy directly from component manufacturers or from authorized distributors. While buyers may be admonished for buying only from authorized sources, the reality is many will still buy on the open market, especially when parts are in short supply. In addition, many buyers use independent distributors to source lower price parts when there is an oversupply. Many OEMs and EMS providers sell their excess inventories to independent distributors, and authorized distributors occasionally purchase parts from them. So it is unlikely that the open market will go away any time soon. In addition, over the next two years the amount of counterfeit parts finding their way into the open market may increase as the economy improves and demand increases for electronics equipment and components. If component suppliers don’t add enough capacity, there could be component shortages, and counterfeiters thrive during periods of short supply. Oh, the bittersweet prospectus of a rebounding industry. Stephen Law, Editor slaw@ept.ca

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Signal quality is just the beginning. You’re facing faster design cycles and more complicated testing protocols. PC connectivity is more critical than ever, too. Agilent function/arbitrary waveform generators help shorten your test times with legendary signal quality and purity — along with state-of-the-art I/O connectivity. Plus they’re bench-friendly, rack-able, reliable and easy to use. That’s Agilent. That’s smart.

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electronic products and technology • october 2009

Siemens unveils Tiastar Motor Control Centre

Active Ottawa moves to new locale

Siemens Canada Ltd., Burlington ON, and its Industry Automation division recently unveiled its plans to begin production of the Tiastar Motor Control Centre (MCC) at the Canadian headquarters here. Siemens has invested more than $2-million in design, retooling and upgrades to the facility to accommodate the new production line. In addition, the firm projects the creation of 50 skilled positions in engineering and production as a result of the news. “This announcement reflects our ongoing commitment to manufacturing in Canada and represents a significant investment for Siemens,” says Joris Myny, VP of Industry Automation and Drive Technology divisions. “Bringing the Tiastar MCC production line to Ontario also demonstrates our goal of providing customers with 'made in Canada' solutions.” MCC are typically used in commercial applications to control the speed of fans and pumps and compressors. In addition, they are commonly used in industrial applications wherever motors are found.

Active Tech Electronics Inc. chain of retail stores, specializing in electronic components, production supplies and test equipment, has relocated its Ottawa-area store. Located in the Merivale Market (1465 Merivale Rd.), the store is comprised of 5000-square-feet of selling space and more than 10,000 items in stock. “Active has the widest selection of products for the local Ottawa customer” says Active Tech president Lee Wise. http://ept.hotims.com/23483-35

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Industry golf tourney nets for charity Industry professionals from the electronics industry within the Greater Toronto Area participated in 13th Annual Electronics Manufacturing Industry Charity Golf Tournament at Glen Eagle Golf Club in Bolton recently. As in past years, the gathering of surface mount and electronic manufacturing professionals managed to raise money on behalf of Shining Through Centre for children with Autism. http://ept.hotims.com/23483-36

newswatch

Harding Energy signs rep deal with Irwin Industrial Battery and charger designer/manufacturer Harding Energy Inc., Norton Shores MI, recently signed Irwin Industrial Agencies Ltd., Richmond Hill ON, to represent its battery products in Canada. Harding was founded by working closely with the inventor of NiMH rechargeable batteries and offers a broad range of other battery technologies including Lithium Ion, Lithium Iron Phosphate, Nickel Cadmium and Alkaline. The firm focuses on value-added battery systems including custom battery packs and chargers for medical, communications, security, construction and military markets. “Harding combines wide product technology with vast application engineering expertise and domestic and off-shore manufacturing capacity in a unique way that will serve our customer-base well,” says Brad Jolly, product manager at Irwin. http://ept.hotims.com/23483-38

n e w Swat c h ne wS watc h

Waterloo firm pilots production of printed silicon ICs ers, according to Asselstine. “It will progress quickly into wirelessly Focused on becoming the world’s leader in miniaturizing micronetworked sensors, where its unique ability to assemble several electronics, Terepac Corp. recently launched into shipping samcomponents into one inexpensive unit will dramatically alter this ples of its ultrathin, flexible, silicon-based products to selected market - individual customer requirements for specific microprocescustomers from its plant in Waterloo ON. sors, memory and signal conditioning no longer require redesign of Following four years of development by a tightly integrated a system-on-chip solution” says Asselstine. R&D team of PhD scientists and industry-seasoned engineers, The company has signed a collaboration contract with a major the company is now entering into pilot scale production of its research institute to fabricate and commercialize a flexible meditrademarked Microscale Circuit Cluster products. “These devices cal monitoring system, and company CTO Dr. Jayna Sheats recently provide customers multiple advantages of a printed structure resented a technical update at the IMAPS RF and Microwave - but with the electrical performance they have come to expect Packaging Conference in San Diego. Joseph Fjelstad, president of from nanostructured silicon integrated circuits, in a package of Verdant Electronics, and newly appointed member of the Terepac unprecedented elegance, compactness, ruggedness and low cost,” Technical Advisory Board, commented, “The handling of micro-thin, says Terepac CEO Ric Asselstine. small form factor ICs such as those desired for RFID applications, As a result of the industry’s achievements as embodied in has remained a vexing technological hurdle for the electronics Moore’s Law, the foundry fabrication cost of up to 40,000 digital assembly industry. In response, Terepac scientists and engineers transistors in an EPC Class 1 Gen 2 RFID chip is less than 2-cents have developed a novel and extremely powerful approach for hanusing now-common 90nm lithography, while they occupy a square dling such devices in a highly efficient and practical way.” about 175 micrometers on a side or roughly half the size of the Terepac’s technology is well positioned to alter the future of period at the end of this sentence. In the past, product assemmicro assembly, in that the company has devised materials and bly equipment could not handle such vanishingly small objects, methods to fundamentally take the ‘pick’ out of ‘pick and place’. but Terepac’s roll-to-roll printing technology eliminates that While its implications at the micro assembly level are clear and bottleneck. Since the lower limit is projected to be in the micron far reaching, it seems evident that it should find broader interest regime, a path is opened to the effective use of a huge array of and use in the world of macro electronic assembly as well. It is very inexpensive yet functionally powerful electronic devices. Cadence_16.2_Depth_Half_NB_EP&T.qxp:Layout 1 2/25/09an 11:21 AM privilege Page 1 to engage with the visionary and innovahonor and Terepac is beginning with basic HF/NFC and UHF embedded tive team at Terepac.” Dr. Yoshio Nishi, advisory board member electronic products, and has signed agreements with two custom-

and professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University added, “I am very favorably impressed with the technology developed by Terepac and its potential for future products, which would make use of integrated circuit technology in a different way from current practice." http://ept.hotims.com/23483-39

Simcona hosts annual golf event Electronic component distributor Simcona Electronics of Canada Inc., London ON, hosted its 16th annual golf tournament recently, with participants including staff, customers and allied manufacturers’ representatives. Pictured below are members of the winning foursome at the event. From left are Simcona host Tim Dawe; Harry Coates, Schleuniger Inc.; John Brooks, Panduit Canada; Suzann Howlett, Simcona; and Dave Marr, TD Canada Trust. http://ept.hotims.com/23483-40

THE CADENCE OrCAD DIFFERENCE IS DEPTH

Raltron appoints Future as distributor

New OrCAD Release 16.2 delivers unparalleled depth and robust functionality with innovative features like the new "fisheye" view that makes dense designs edit like small designs. Test Drive OrCAD Release 16.2. For a free demo DVD, visit EMA Design Automation, a Cadence® Channel Partner, at www.ema-eda.com/demoDVD or call us at 800.813.7288.

Raltron Electronics Corp., Miami FL, wholly owned subsidiary of Rami Technology Group, Hong Kong, China, has appointed Future Electronics Inc., Montreal, as a worldwide distributor for its line of frequency management products. “Future’s global presence will be a key factor in broadening our own market base, as we strive to strengthen our level of product exposure throughout the world,” says Raltron president Sasha Wolloch. Founded in 1983, Raltron provides a broad range of frequency management products, including crystal resonators, clock oscillators, VCXO, TCXO, OCXO, VCO and clock synchronization board level products. Raltron is at the forefront of innovation in both the areas of mass manufactured crystals and oscillators, as well as, high end precision oscillators and systems. http://ept.hotims.com/23483-41

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electronic products and technology • october 2009

Supply Chain Management/Distribution

What’s new & what’s Keeping up with the gREEn important to you

legislation Laws affecting electronic products are on the rise in Canada and the USA, with the European Union (EU) serving as the major catalyst. The EU was first to enact RoHS and WEEE laws - with California following suit. Now five Canadian provinces, 19 US States, and New York City have similar rules. The EU enacted a law regulating energy using products (EuP). Now Canada, California and Maine have energy efficiency rules. While Canadian and USA versions are not as comprehensive as those in the EU, the trend toward more electronic product rules is clear. The EU is expanding its rules as well – most recently REACH, targeting high risk chemical substances and the need for thorough testing of these substances. The EU has also proposed a second round of electronic product hazardous substance content regulations that we call RoHS2 (so named as to distinguish it from the

By Gary Nevison, legislation & environmental affairs manager, Newark Ken Manchen, corporate director, safety, health, environmental affairs, Newark http://ept.hotims.com/23483-50

original). REACH and RoHS2 are being looked at closely around the world, and it seems only a matter of time before similar legislation is enacted outside the EU.

A look at latest legislation REACH regulations and the potential impact of the “RoHS2” proposals dominate the legislative scene at present. Also, obligations are starting to filter through as part or the eco design / Energy using Products (EuP) Directive that monitor energy efficiency throughout a product’s life cycle. The electronics industry as a whole, and specifically design engineers, need to be aware of these developments and their potential impacts. Regulation 1907/2006, the Regulation, Evaluation, Authorization -and Restrictionof Chemicals (REACH) entered into force on June 1, 2007 after almost eight years

of debate, culminating in 849 pages of regulations. The only census on chemicals, taken in 1981, highlighted that 100,106 substances were placed on the market. Of those used, manufactured or imported at levels of 1000 tons or more, 21% had no safety data at all, while a further 65% provided insufficient safe use data. Only 3% had been fully tested. The biggest challenge to industry to date has been around the collection of data advising where a “Substance of Very High Concern” (SVHC) is present in a product, known as an article in the regulations, at a level of 0.1% by weight of the total article.

SVHC obligation As a minimum obligation, the name of the substance along with supporting safe use data, must flow downstream through the supply chain. Substances that are categorized as SVHC include those that are carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic for reproduction. Also, substances that are persistent, liable to bio-accumulate and toxic, and “others” such as endocrine disrupters that can have a particular impact on aquatic life. In October 2008, the first batch of 15 substances of very high concern was published, seven of which were earmarked for a consultation on whether or not they should be subject to a very costly “authorization of use” requirement. These seven were approved and the European Commission will determine the date when these will be added to Annex XIV. These obligations will then enter into force some 42-48 months later on what is known as the sunset date. If approved, downstream users can only use these substances where they’ve been authorized for, and they can only be purchased from the company granted the authorization. The REACH data collection has resulted in the circulation of hundreds of “standard letters” in a multitude of formats. Many manufacturers have refused to reply to the ad hoc requests they receive, preferring to promote Websites or central databases (which have been slow to develop). Guidance on the regulation encourages a more proactive approach, rather than simply providing a link to a Website. Likewise, there have been many random requests for information that are not obligatory, such as pre-registration details and RoHS-style certificates of compliance. Future batches of SVHCs will be published on an ongoing basis; the next one is expected early 2010, so REACH will not be a box that can be ticked as complete for several years to come.

“RoHS2” When introduced, RoHS featured six restricted substances across eight broad categories of product pulled from the 10 categories in the WEEE Directive. There were 29 exemptions to assist manufacturers and design engineers, where no viable

alternative was available and a whole raft of “gray” definitions that required clarity. RoHS2 proposals look to move the directive forward and provide greater clarity. However, some of its provisions will potentially have cost and resource issues for the industry. The proposals recommend that the two remaining categories from the original WEEE categories, namely medical devices and monitoring and control instruments, be added to the scope from 2014 on (invitro diagnostics from 2016, and industrial “test” equipment from 2017). These were originally omitted from the directive due to reliability concerns over the use of lead-free solder. While there are no substances actually restricted under the proposals, four are recommended for priority assessment. Three plasticizers used in a variety of applications and a flame retardant may well be restricted. Ironically, the substances, BBP, DBP, DEHP and HBCDD are 4 of the 7 subject to authorization of use under the REACH Regulations. The fate of these substances under RoHS will be open to consultation after the revised directive comes into scope sometime between 2011 and 2012. Either way, any restriction under RoHS will probably be sooner than under the REACH process, and the analysis is unlikely to be done twice. Under a separate review by European Commission consultants, 29 exemptions will continue under the proposals, many with amended wording for clarity; 6 will be withdrawn and a new one will be granted. These could come into force next year and that will be followed by a transposition period of, on average, 18months, allowing manufacturers the time to comply. In addition, a further six exemptions were added in June 2009 that had been proposed a year earlier. RoHS2 also clarifies definitions such as equipment within out of scope equipment, spare parts and military where the latter clearly does not include dual use equipment. A standard, and rigid declaration of conformity appears in Annex 7 and will replace the multitude of different certificates, statements and compliance documents under the original legislation. There now appears to be no scope for qualifying statements such as “so far as we are aware” and “to the best of our knowledge”. It is proposed that RoHS will become a CE mark directive, placing responsibility on manufacturers, importers and distributors. There are many requirements, including building technical files and keeping them for 10 years, ensuring that products comply, that they are supplied with the CE mark and that the manufacturer or importer is identified on the product. Sample testing should also be carried out where appropriate, and corrective action will be undertaken where product is found to be non compliant. Finally, the broad product categories and list of indicative products will move from the WEEE Directive and sit in Annex 1 and 2 of the RoHS Directive. The terminology “RoHS2” is unofficial and is used simply to highlight the proposed changes to the original directive.

Energy using products Directive 2005/32/EC, Energy using Products, monitors energy efficiency throughout the life cycle of a product from the mining of raw material right through to recycling at end-of-life. The focus is clearly on the design phase of the product, since it is considered that continued on page 8

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gREEn legislation this is the determining stage affecting the resources used in a product. Obligations on manufacturers will result from a series of specific implementing measures, the first of which was adopted in January 2009.

Legislative developments Canada The enactment of provincial e-waste and national lighting efficiency legislation currently dominates the regulatory scene in Canada. While there is no national waste law regulating the disposal of electrical and electronic equipment, five provinces have enacted their own electronic waste disposal regulations. These five are Alberta, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Ontario and Saskatchewan. Prince Edward Island is posed to be the sixth province to do so. All are embracing the extended producer responsibility principle, by which manufacturers are deemed responsible for the take-back and disposal of the end-of-life products they sell to their customers. Although each province defines electronic waste differently, they all target discarded computers, monitors, printers and TVs. Alberta, British Columbia and Ontario have manufacturers fund the cost of waste collection and recycling/disposal. Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia require buyers of new electronic equipment to pay a tax known as an environmental handling fee to fund waste collection and recycling/disposal. A Website that will provide details on each province’s regulation is available at http://www.newark.com/legislation.

electronic products and technology • october 2009

continued from page 6

Canada enacted a national Energy Efficiency Act in 1992 that addresses the energy efficiency of appliances, lights and heating/ventilation/air conditioning (HVAC) units. Additional legislation has been proposed that would ban incandescent bulbs by 2012. Detailed information on each is available on the aforementioned Website.

Energy efficiency legislation HR 2420 is a proposed bill in the US Congress that would restrict heavy metal and flame retardant levels in electrical and electronic equipment. It is much more limited in scope than RoHS. It proposes to cover equipment that operates at 300 volts or more. Still, it is the first national law proposed in the US that would restrict hazardous substances in electronics. A proposed cap and trade law is being considered by the US Congress. It would mirror greenhouse gas cap and trade legislation already in effect in the EU. The proposed legislation is known as S 1397 and is to be discussed and debated during the fall of 2009. If passed, it will result in demand for energy saving electronic equipment. Detailed information on the proposed legislation is available at the website referenced above. Two US states recently enacted lighting efficiency legislation. These states are California and Maine. California’s Lighting Efficiency law establishes energy efficiency standards for lights that are to take effect in January 2010, and it prohibits lights with hazardous substance levels that exceed EU RoHS levels. California’s latest lighting legislation is known as

Assembly Bill 1109. It proposes to ban the sale of 25 to150 watt incandescent light bulbs beginning in 2012. Maine’s lighting efficiency legislation is known as LD 973. It bans incandescent bulbs as of 2012 and requires manufacturers to take-back and dispose of household compact fluorescent bulbs. Detailed information on the California and Maine legislation is available at the Website referenced above. In instances where no national legislation exists, Canadian provinces and USA states are enacting their own legislation. Electronic design engineers can expect

even more national, provincial and state legislation affecting electronic products in the future. For more information on environmental legislation impacting electronic OEMs in Canada from Newark go to http://ept.hotims.com/23483-50

Plitron signs Matera Technologies as representative Matera Technologies Inc., Toronto was recently appointed as manufacturers’ representative in Canada by Plitron Manufacturing Inc., Toronto, manufacturer of toroidal transformers. Currently celebrating its 25th anniversary in business, Plitron devices are suitable for demanding applications in audio, medical, broadcast, telecommunications, computer, power conditioning sectors. The firm has also begun production of stators using toroidal technology for the wind turbine market. Capable of handling OEM custom solutions, Plitron conducts an ongoing Paul McGraw, sales manager, Steve Nolan, general research and development program, manager, and Dr. Henry Pajooman Ph.D, research to constantly evolve state-of-the-art engineer/Eng. manager of Plitron mark the representatoroidal transformer technology, says tives agreement with Toronto-based Matera Technologies, Bob Reid, Calgary; Bob Randall, Toronto; Paul McGraw, sales manager, Plitron. including Ian Bryson, Toronto; Yves Caron, Montreal; John Hebert, The firm also operates off-shore Toronto; and Mitch Geerts, Ottawa. manufacturing facilities in India and China as a source for higher volume toroidal transformers. Plitron provides standard products for power supply, medical isolation and audio applications, which can be ordered and shipped anywhere. More than 400 standard products are available in the E-Catalog section of Plitron’s Website at www.plitron.com. Matera also operates offices in Calgary, Ottawa and Laval QC. http://ept.hotims.com/23483-51

Raybel hosts disty open house Regional distributor of electronic components in Quebec, Electronique Raybel Inc., hosted its first-ever open house at its Montreal-area headquarters recently. Several electronic vendors participated in the table-top exhibition, including Hammond, Panduit, Tripplite, Wade Communication, CSI/Speco, Inter M, Mode, MG Chemical, Weidmuller, Cooper Tools and Power-Sonic, among others. “Customers appreciated meeting their reps and the Raybel team, while enjoying a buffet lunch in the meantime,” says Raybel president Claude Hetu. “That was our first, but not our last open house.” http://ept.hotims.com/23483-52

Digi-Key reaches disty agreement with XMOS Digi-Key Corp., Thief River Falls MN, has signed a global distribution agreement with XMOS Ltd., Sunnyvale CA, a leader in event-driven processors. XMOS recently released the XS1-L1 chip family, targeted at the mass electronics market, which provides embedded software developers with an energy-efficient, scalable, multi-core solution. This permits users to build complete systems combining interface, DSP and control functions entirely in software. http://ept.hotims.com/23483-53

Avnet, NMB sign distribution deal NMB Technologies Corp., Chatsworth CA, and the Avnet Electronics Marketing Americas, Phoenix AZ, have signed a distribution agreement, which covers NMB’s line of more than 100 ac and dc axial fans and blowers, ranging in size from 25mm to 173mm. NMB, a Minebea Group Company, has more than 50 years of experience in the development of ac-dc axial fans and blowers for use in multiple applications. http://ept.hotims.com/23483-42

Mouser reaches deal with DBM Reflex Lighting Mouser Electronics Inc., Mansfield TX, has signed a global distribution agreement with DBM Reflex Lighting Solutions, Laval QC, producers of optics for the LED market. Mouser’s DBM Reflex stock includes high-power, high-brightness LED lenses for use with the OSRAM Golden Dragon and other popular HB-LEDs. DBM Reflex’s products are developed with proprietary Simoptic predictive software that renders a truly representative, optical performance simulation. Mouser also signed a global distribution agreement with AdaptivEnergy Inc., manufacturer of energy harvesting power solutions. Mouser’s stock includes the firm’s JouleThief energy harvesting power supplies and demonstration kits and Random Vibration dc power supplies. In addition, Mouser has expanded its distribution authorization with Schurter Inc., into a worldwide agreement. Swiss-based Schurter is a leading supplier of fuses, circuit breakers, connectors, EMC filters and input systems. http://ept.hotims.com/23483-7

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products on review

electronic products and technology â€˘ october 2009

Three-phase power supply packs 8.1kW

IP66 small die-cast aluminum enclosures suit multiple applications

Model PM36218B-10P 8.1kW three phase 0.95 power factor, 400/480Vac input switching power supply comes in 5x5-inch compact case with power density up to 21 watts/in 3(cubed). The 48 Volt state-of-the-art device provides internal forced air cooling, including full power continuously over operating temperatures from 0 to +50C. Productâ€™s rugged design with an ac range of 365 to 528Vac makes it suitable for applications where 3P 400/480Vac industrial power is used. PIONEER MAGNETICS

1550 line of industry standard sizes small die-cast aluminum enclosures provide mechanical protection and EMC attenuation, suitable for a variety of applications. Product series consists of 16 sizes, available with a natural or black epoxy powder coated finish. Watertight units are supplied with a separate compressible self-adhesive gasket. Thin wall aluminum devices have high impact strength and can be drilled and punched to accept cables. HAMMOND MFG. http://ept.hotims.com/23483-60

http://ept.hotims.com/23483-55

Four motor starter functions in one 22.5mm device

Lithium battery holders suit rugged applications

CONTACTRON 4-in-1 solid state reversing contactor combines four functions in one narrow package. Designed for three-phase AC motors up to 4kW/5 HP in size, the 4-in-1 provides forward, reverse, overload protection and redundant emergency stop contactor functionality in a 22.5mm-wide module. The compact size reduces the necessary DIN rail space by up to 75%, saving space and wiring costs as compared to a contactor-based solution. PHOENIX CONTACT

Keystone Electronics rugged 1/3N Lithium Battery Holders for surface or through-hole mounting are supplied with durable, heat resistant, UL 94V-0 rated Nylon housings ideal for all soldering and reflow operations. The SMT version (Catalog #498) provides gold-plated phosphor bronze contacts. THM version (Catalog #497) incorporates tin-plated phosphor bronze contacts and the heat resistant nylon housings. Both devices accept 1/3N 3-Volt Cell Lithium batteries. EMX ENTERPRISES

http://ept.hotims.com/23483-56

M12 male panel connectors come IP68 pre-wired M12 panel connectors with M20 x 1.5 and PG 13.5 mounting threads are pre-wired and include a potted rear termination making them suitable for harsh environments. The metal housing is made of nickel plated brass and offered with 3, 4 and 8 goldplated contacts. Pre-wired 24 AWG wires are 200 mm long. With the aid of a potted rear termination, the panel connectors are sealed to IP68 which can withstand depths of water up to 18 meters for 24 hours. BINDER-USA

http://ept.hotims.com/23483-61

Software improves productivity, system specific training Automation Studio V5.7 innovative software package for system design, simulation, project documentation and training enables realistic implementation of behavior in valve modeling configurations. The introduction of a one-line diagram editor for electric power systems increases versatility for project of all sizes. Product also includes better connectivity with external applications such as ERPs and other simulation environments. FAMIC TECHNOLOGIES

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Radial lead tactile switch resists dust, water TL52 radial lead tactile switch contains silver contacts with two gram actuating force and is sealed to IP-67 requirements, protecting it from dust and water immersion. Other specifications include mechanical life 100,000 cycles minimum, contact rating 50mA at 12Vdc, contact resistance 100milliohm (initial max), insulation resistance 100megohm minimum at 100Vdc, dielectric strength 250Vac, operating temperature -25 to +85C, bounce 10ms maximum. E-SWITCH

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Software add-ons link distributed I/O modules to PLC Free add-on instructions for Allen-Bradley RS-Logix 5000 software lets Allen-Bradley PLC users implement control logic that supports WAGO-IO-SYSTEM distributed I/O modules, bringing their modularity and flexibility to projects requiring compact, granular, DIN-rail mount I/O using DeviceNet and EtherNet I/P while providing additional specialty functions such as motor control (dc and stepper), serial communications, vibration monitoring, HART device monitoring, threephase power measurement, AS-Interface gateway and DALI lighting control. WAGO http://ept.hotims.com/23483-59

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products on review

electronic products and technology â€˘ october 2009

Watchdog timer board prevents system failures

Briefcase computer includes space for customizing

P104-WDG-CSMA series dedicated watchdog timer boards for PC/104-based embedded systems initiate system reset if operating system or application program lock up. They can also monitor and control parameters such as temperature, voltage, fan speed and humidity, and provide one optically isolated input, two isolated digital outputs, two non-isolated digital outputs, two A/D inputs, and security light sensor that can detect open enclosure. Systems support DOS, Linux and Windows XP/VISTA operating systems, Windows XPe and CE embedded OS. ACCES I/O PRODUCTS

Tenuis 100+ portable briefcase computer provides considerable expansion options, including two full-length slots for 32-bit PCI cards, one mini-PCI-e connector and space for hot-swappable RAID hard drives. System hardware includes Intel T7400 2GHz Core Duo processor, up to 4GB memory, 100GB hard drive, DVD-RW drive, Firewire port, four USB ports, Gigabit Ethernet connection, keyboard, and 15â€? anti-glare LCD screen. Two hot-swappable Lithium ion batteries supply 100W output and 190Wh capacity. Package measures 325x420x165mm (12.75x16.50x6.50â€?) and weighs 9kg (20lb). ACME PORTABLE MACHINES http://ept.hotims.com/23483-65

http://ept.hotims.com/23483-63

Overmolded cable assemblies employ snap-in connectors

TimingDesigner software delivers new interface to Cadence Allegro pcb SI Technology TimingDesigner 9.2 EDA software interfaces with Cadence Allegro pcb Signal Integrity (SI) technology, providing users with a complete SI and timing design environment. Productâ€™s integration with Allegro pcb SI allows customers to do a full signal integrity and timing analysis early in the design phase, with best in class timing reporting technology to quickly and accurately manage timing paths. Engineers can then move their boards to manufacturing with the confidence that the design will operate as expected. EMA DESIGN AUTOMATION

Series 620 and Series 720 overmolded cordsets incorporate plastic snap-in locking connectors that allow quick connect and disconnect of mated pair. Male and female cordsets are constructed with plastic shell molded onto 2m PUR cable and have gold-plated contacts ranging from 3 to 12 pins per connector. When properly mated they are IP 67-rated, preventing ingress of liquids and debris. Custom cable lengths are available. BINDER-USA http://ept.hotims.com/23483-66

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PC/104-Plus card adds three gigabit Ethernet controllers TRIGET Ethernet modules expand systems with up to three Gigabit Ethernet controllers using single PC/104-Plus slot, leaving space for other PC/104-Plus cards. Product range includes choice of RJ45 or 2mm lockable headers and two mechanical sizes. Devices operate on 5 and 3.3V PCI host boards and support up to 66MHz PCI operation. TRI-M SYSTEMS http://ept.hotims.com/23483-67

Ethernet cables withstand continuous flex, vibration Category 5e DataTuff Shielded Twisted Pair Continuous Flex cable is rated for use in continuous motion machinery, such as CTrack and festoon systems, as well as robotics frequently used in discrete manufacturing and automated assembly lines. Category 5e DataTuff Shielded Twisted Pair cable employs flexible, stranded and shielded construction that provides superior noise immunity and resists machine and plant floor vibration. Exclusive bonded-pair technology bonds individual insulated conductors of each wire pair along the cable for superior electrical performance. BELDEN http://ept.hotims.com/23483-68

7mm connector line includes precision adapters Full line of 7mm connectors now encompasses N, TNC, SMA, SSMA, 3.5mm, 2.4mm, 2.9mm, 1.85mm and even BNC. Standard adapters are usable at frequencies up to 12GHz for N and TNC, up to the recommended frequency range for other series. Most are nickel-plated brass. Precision adapters employ stainless steel construction for a more precise interface and extended frequency range. COAXIAL COMPONENTS http://ept.hotims.com/23483-69

Rocker switch handles 10A load at 125Vac RL3-4S rocker switch is half the size of typical miniature rocker switches, yet rated for 10A load at 125Vac. It snaps into small panel cut-out hole and includes 0.187â€? tab terminal. Color options include black, white and custom selection. PHASEDA http://ept.hotims.com/23483-70

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electronic products and technology • october 2009

Medical Electronics

Medical cable assemblies

Integrating cables & connectors

PSA065 and PSA065M series single-output, 65W, open-frame power supplies fit 1U applications, available in 12-, 24-, and 48V output models. Devices comply with the CE low-voltage directive and feature a low-profile 2- by 4-inch footprint. PSA065M Series is suitable for medical equipment. Devices operate at more than 80% efficiency at maximum load and are extremely reliable, featuring a minimum of 250,000 hours MTBF in standard operating conditions. PHIHONG http://ept.hotims.com/23483-72

Integrated motor / stepper drive fused into one

By Richard Harris, special applications manger, ODU-USA Inc.

Bridging the gap between cables and connectors can be a difficult task. Many factors contribute to the success or failure of such a union. Adhering to IPC standards, isolating and protecting solder terminations and choosing compatible materials for the connector, housing, cable, potting and overmold are all key factors in creating the ideal solution. This combination is especially critical when designing for medical applications. Terminating a cable to a connector can be an involved process, especially when wire gauges approach 30AWG. Steady hands and a great deal of skill are required to strip and manipulate small wires into the connector terminations and apply the correct amount of solder to create a solid connection. Though, a strong electrical connection can be made by soldering, the weakest part of the assembly remains the solder joint. Potting and the addition of a strain relief or creating a custom overmold will not only alleviate the possibility of a solder joint breaking, it will also serve to isolate the terminations and create an environmental barrier that can withstand autoclaving. The process commonly known as ‘potting’, involves isolating the terminations and applying an Epoxy or RTV material to provide a non-conductive barrier between

Low-profile 65W open-frame power supplies

the bare soldered terminals. Choosing the best material to use for the potting process will depend on the type of housing one uses as well as the cable material and the desired level of heat and chemical resistance. Potting is also a great way to seal the termination end of the connector before overmolding. Overmolding is a great solution for creating a watertight barrier between the connector termination and the cable. Many materials exist with differing durometers, color impregnation and temperature resistance. The ability to choose the correct material for each application comes only from years of experience working with each type of material. Choosing the wrong material could result in poor adhesion to the cable, cloudy uneven colors and low resistance to chemicals and heat. The electronics world has many connector manufacturers and many more cable manufacturers and assemblers. Only a handful of companies, such as ODUUSA, specialize in seamlessly combining connector manufacturing with custom cable assembly. For more information on interconnect solutions or custom cable assemblies for medical applications from ODU-USA Inc., go to http://ept.hotims.com/23483-71

Applied Motion Products’ STM stepper drive and motor unit is fused into a single device that saves on space, wiring and cost compared to conventional motor and drive solutions. Device provides advanced current control, anti-resonance technology, torque ripple smoothing and microstep emulation allow the STM to deliver optimized stepper performance. Units come standard with protection against over and under voltage, over-temp, motor shorts and motor open phase. ELECTROMATE INDUSTRIAL SALES http://ept.hotims.com/23483-73

Laminating adhesive bonds to range of LSE substrates Quick-Stick Laminating Adhesive 360 provides fast, secure assembly of a wide range of HSE and LSE materials including glass, ABS and difficult-to-bond PP, HDPE, LDPE, nylon and powder-coated or UV painted surfaces. Product is available in a thin 2-mil or 5-mil transfer tape and 2-mil or 4-mil double-coated tape for a low profile bond line and a smooth appearance. The conformable adhesive provides shear and peel strengths that are equal to or greater than many thicker tapes, enabling secure attachment of the many new thinner and lighter-weight products. 3M http://ept.hotims.com/23483-74

Green InGaN laser emits 50mW direct Direct emitting green indium-gallium-nitride (InGaN) laser achieves an optical output of 50mW and emits light in true green with a wavelength of 515nm. Compared with semiconductor lasers based on existing technology that operate with frequency doubling, direct emitting green lasers are more compact, improve temperature stability, ease control. OSRAM OPTO SEMICONDUCTORS

http://ept.hotims.com/23483-75

Hospital Grade Powercords and DC to DC Converters When power is critical to your equipment as well as your patients, you can rely on MEGA Electronics to deliver. Produced in ISO9000 facilities, our line of hospital grade powercords, related components and DC to DC converters all conform to the highest standards. Upon your next requirement, please keep MEGA in mind. MEGA Electronics Inc. 4B Jules Lane New Brunswick.New Jersey. 08901 tel. 732.249.2656 fax. 732.249.7442 www.megaelectronics.com medicalsales@megaelectronics.com

Compact planetary gearhead boasts strength, power and endurance Portescap R08 Planetary Gearhead is robust and delivers high continuous torque of 0.05Nm within a smaller overall envelope of 8mm than its comparable models. Device provides increased gearhead life and durability making it capable of delivering twice the radial load carrying capacity (upto 10N) when compared to competitive models. Standard gearbox is available from 4 to 256 ratios which can be further extended to higher ratios of 4096. The R08 gearhead can be coupled with Brush DC, Brushless and Stepper motors in their respective frame sizes. It can also be customized. DANAHER MOTION http://ept.hotims.com/23483-76

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medical electronics

electronic products and technology • october 2009

Medical power supplies

trends, challenges approaches

design

By Peter Blythe, industry director – medical, XP Power Ltd. http://ept.hotims.com/23483-79

Medical electronic equipment is getting smaller. Of course, this could be said of all electronic equipment but it is in medical area that the pressure for size and weight reduction is greatest. Not only is the hospital bedside environment very space-constrained but there is a trend for more equipment to be used in the home, in doctors’ offices, and even in cars and on planes. This is creating particular pressure on power supply manufacturers to reduce the size of their products. In the last 10 years a typical convection-cooled, 100W

ac-dc power supply has shrunk from a 4 x 7 inch footprint in 1998 to just 2 x 4 inches today, a reduction over 70%. (Note: power supply sizes are still most commonly defined in Imperial measurements.) This size reduction has had to be managed carefully. Smaller packages mean less area for heat dissipation, which in turn requires higher efficiency This article explains some of the main design issues and briefly introduces some of the most effective techniques that are now employed to achieve power system design goals in medical applications.

Through both empirical measurement and calculation, estimates of the maximum power loss that a chassis mount or open frame power supply can dissipate as heat for a given footprint are shown in Figure 1. The figures FIG. 1: The maximum safe heat dissipation vs. size for power supplies used in medical applications are based on using convection cooling safety agency requirements. They also and on maintaining compliance with take account of providing reasonable operating life and acceptable reliability limits. Note that forced air cooling can improve the power rating considerably, but at the expense of decreased system reliability - fans are fundamentally less reliable than the other power system components, and they add to system size and noise. Fan noise is very undesirable in medical applications. Figure 2 then shows how power loss translates into required efficiency. For example, taking an industry standard footprint of 3 x 5 inches, convection cooling can effectively remove about 18 Welcome to a new era Watts of waste heat. Extrapolating from the 20 Watt power loss curve in Figure 2, of energy saving illumination a 120 Watt power supply needs to be at least 86% efficient for convection cooling E-T-A’s 3120 series is now available with LED illumination to to be sufficient. Figure 2 also shows the dramatic effect provide higher energy efficiency and even longer durability. that a relatively small improvement in efficiency can have on the available The amazingly versatile combination rocker switch, thermal power from a power supply for a given circuit breaker uses special energy-saving low current LEDs heat dissipation. Taking the 20 Watt power loss curve, an efficiency gain from consuming less than 2 mA providing the highest possible 88% to 93% would enable a power supply energy efficiency. In addition, the LEDs feature significantly to deliver over 250 Watts, rather than less than around 150 Watts, within a given higher endurance and are much less susceptible to shock, footprint. vibration and problems from low temperatures. For the power supply designer, size and efficiency are usually the most important The 3120's popularity is due to its availability in a broad trade-offs. Increasing the switching frequency means that smaller components range of configurations including single or double pole, can be used – notably capacitors and with thermal circuit protection on one or both poles. inductors. However, switching losses rise and a power supply that may be 92% effiOptions include auxiliary contacts for status signaling, cient at 30kHz will be only 83% efficient magnetic trip coil, under-voltage release module, remote at 200kHz. Reliability is always of paramount importance in medical applications, trip module and mechanical slide interlock. so keeping the power system running well within its maximum ratings is always All of which add up to a perfectly configured circuit breaker desirable. Finally, cost is the ever-present that fits your precise application, while saving energy. final determinant of a power supply’s suitability for a given application.

Control the future

With E-T-A the future is illuminating.

Techniques for managing the design trade-offs

The E-T-A 3120 thermal overcurrent circuit breaker is now available with LED illumination.

For more information go to: www.e-t-a.ca

http://ept.hotims.com/23483-16

Despite the substantial reductions in power system size over the last decade, no single design leap has made this possible. Rather, a combination of small improvements in both design techniques and components technologies have come together to create the end result. Taking power supply from input to output, these are some of the design approaches that are now adopted. Two stage input filters use high permeability cores to minimize size while providing high common mode and differential noise reduction. Smaller footprints can be realized by stacking components vertically. This can also improve cooling through better airflow. In many power supplies, it has become economical to use silicon carbide diodes in power factor correction circuits. These need no snubber circuits, reducing component count and saving space while giving a typical 1% boost to efficiency. The main converter topology is critical continued on page 16

full online product listings at ept.hotims.com

http://ept.hotims.com/23483-17

medical electronics

electronic products and technology • october 2009

Medical power supplies

FIG. 2: The minimum efficiency required for a given power supply output to ensure compliance with safety standards.

continued from page 14

to efficiency. For power supplies in the 100 Watt to 200 Watt range, a resonant topology is often chosen. This can virtually eliminate switching losses, enabling smaller heatsinks to be used – so contributing to the dual goals of smaller size and higher efficiency. In some cases, ceramic heatsinks can replace metal ones. This results in lower noise because the heat sinks are not subject to capacitive coupling with the drain connections of the switching MOSFETS. Simplified filtering can then be used. An additional advantage of ceramic heatsinks is that smaller creepage distances can be used, compared with those needed for conductive metal heatsinks, so further board space savings are achieved. The falling price of power MOSFETS has meant that they are now becoming more common than diodes in the main rectifier of switching power supplies. Efficiency improvements of more than 40% in this part of the circuit are possible. For example, a 20 Amp

diode with 0.5V forward voltage dissipates 10W, whereas a MOSFET with an ‘ON’ resistance of, say, 14mOhms at 100 degrees Celcius dissipates just 5.6W. Once again, ceramic heatsinks can be used to advantage. Lastly, control circuits have been greatly simplified in recent years, largely through higher integration of semiconductor functions. Application specific chips are now available that can provide the main converter voltage and a host of automatic protection features. Comprehensive monitoring and control signals are also more easily implemented thanks to more highly integrated power management devices. Later this year, ac-dc switching power supplies with medical approvals will take efficiency to levels well in excess of 90%. This will enable 250 Watt convection cooled units to be compressed into a 6x4 inch footprint. For more information on medical electronic equipment from XP Power Ltd., go to http://ept.hotims.com/23483-79

Rugged Metal Switches Built tough enough to take the heat… …and the extreme cold in Canada

High performance backplanes resist shock, vibration Rear Transition Modules (RTM) high performance backplanes in VPX, VME64x, VME, CompactPCI and custom architectures. Product brings IO signals out the rear side of the backplane and provides higher resistance to shock and vibration (compared to a ribbon cable connection style) by directly plugging into the backplane. Possible sizes include 3U x 80 mm, 6U x 80mm, 8U x 80mm and more depending on architecture. Modules come with or without injector/ejector handles. These handles help the board lock securely into place and the panel provides atractive aesthetics. ELMA BUSTRONIC http://ept.hotims.com/23483-77

http://ept.hotims.com/23483-19

Audio indicator delivers continuous tone in medical apps AI-4228-TF-LW140-R audio indicator for medical applications measures 42mm and provides continuous tone, with an operating temperature between -20 and 60 degrees Celsius. Device is rated for 12 Volt, with an operating voltage range of 3 to 20 Volt. Product weighs 15 grams and provides a resonant frequency of 2700hz and a minimum SPL of 105db @ 10 CM. PUI AUDIO

www.schurterinc.com/new_switches

Schurter Metal Line Switches - MSM for moderate indoor and outdoor exposure: switching 10A @ 250 VAC / 100 mA @ 30 VDC, momentary or latching action, 1 or 2-pole, seal protection IP 67, operating temp. -25˚C to +85˚C, impact resistant IK 07

http://ept.hotims.com/23483-80

Dc-dc converters deliver 6kV isolation barrier

- PSE for extreme indoor and outdoor exposure: switching 100 mA @ 42 VAC / 60 VDC N.O., momentary, lifetime 20 million cycles, hermetic seal IP 69K, operating temp. -40˚C to +85˚C, impact resistant IK 02

M1WG(H) and M2WG(H) series of 1W and 2W dc-dc converters provide a 6kV isolation barrier between input and output circuits, making them suitable for medical and dental instruments that come into patient contact. Devices are tested for 1-minute, which equates to a rating of 7.5kV if tested at 1 second, lesser and more common test standard. Some models carry UL listings. MEGA ELECTRONICS

Both series available point or ring illuminated. Options for various sizes, metals, colors and legends.

http://ept.hotims.com/23483-78

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full online product listings at ept.hotims.com

http://ept.hotims.com/23483-21

electronic products and technology • october 2009

Test & Measurement

Design advancements make

video / multi-sensor measurement technology more reliable, affordable By Mark Arenal, managing director, Starrett Kinemetric Division http://ept.hotims.com/23483-85 Deformation Type 8.6292e-5 Max 6.9034e-5

With the metrology industry‘s seemingly boundless quest for ultra high accuracy and sophisticated designs for measuring electronic components and a broad range of small, complex parts, the question is begged, how Large format video measurement much accuracy is absolutely necessary and system provides miniaturization and 3-D especially, at what cost? Fortunately, recent measurements. advancements in video measuring equipment design provide highly accurate, productive, cost-effective solutions that are well within the vast majority of even the most stringent metrology requirements. The common drivers of today’s requirements include miniaturization, high volume, increased accuracy, and 3-D measurement. These are some of the buzz words being heard more frequently in the metrology business – and they dictate the capabilities that are being designed into today’s video and multi-sensor measurement systems. However, one of the obvious factors, especially in challenging economic times, is lower cost. While the cost factor may seem to be at odds among the other drivers, there are design enhancements that are being incorporated into larger travel systems that come

virtually free of charge. In addition, electronic component manufacturers are receiving the same pressure to increase performance while decreasing cost.

Optimizing design, reducing cost

5.1775e-5 3.4517e-5 1.7258e-5 0 Min

Nothing demonstrates component optimization at reduced cost better than the changes in the linear encoder industry. Virtually all precision measurement systems utilize linear encoders to monitor Finite Element Analysis shows exaggerated view the position of their stages in what is of distortion in granite components. Red area known as a “closed loop” configuration. shows less than two micron deflection. In a manual machine this simply means that the operator positions the stage to the desired coordinates as displayed on the DRO (Digital Read-Out). A CNC (Computer Numerically Controlled) system would direct a stepper, servo, or linear motor drive system to position the transport using various voltage, current, and frequency variables but would adjust and confirm the final position by referencing the linear encoder(s). In years past most encoders were primarily constructed of glass, housed in aluminum spars, and anchored to the machine on two standoffs. While this type of scale is still common, some system designers have switched to adhesive backed “tape” scales. These are as accurate as the glass scales and in many cases more so, as they can be directly affixed to the structure of the machine – which is often granite. Moreover, they are far more immune to damage and misalignment and can be much less expensive than their glass counterparts. This is just one example of purchased component optimization that improves performance while decreasing costs. There is even more improvement possible, again while decreasing costs, on the engineering side. For example, the availability of FEA (Finite Element Analysis) on desktop computers permits the selection of structural elements that decrease cost and weight while sacrificing nothing in the performance category. The most obvious advantage on a measuring machine relates to the design of the granite base-plate and bearing ‘ways’. The bulk of the cost on these items is confined to their precision flatness and squareness. FEA allows the completed structure to be synthetically ‘driven’ and the resultant distortion to be displayed and analyzed in a range of modes. Small modifications to the support structure can often result in a dramatic decrease in the thickness, weight, Non-contact linear encoders provide backlash-free submicron accuracy. and cost of the structure. CAD (Computer Aided Design) offers another advantage with the advent of “Parametric Modeling”. This extraordinary capability retains the relationship of specific entities so that design changes can be accomplished quickly and with less likelihood for error. This makes ‘scaling’ of subassemblies possible and with that, the efficient expansion of a given line of measurement systems. When properly utilized, today’s CAD systems yield many other benefits as well. For example, a ‘rendering’ of the design model can be created in full 3D and the system can be tested for performance and collision avoidance, as well as analyzed from an ergonomics standpoint. Additionally, these animations can be used for training aids for assembly or for maintenance tasks in the field. Schematics, wiring diagrams, exploded views, and BOM’s (Bills of Material) can all be generated on the CAD system. This system further offers a fool-proof way to store all of the information for a specific machine in archival form on DVD for future reference. All of the above can be achieved for a minimal investment – but it is the utilization of these tools that control their payback. Video, Laser, and Touch Probes can all be integrated into one multi-sensor system with the tools identified above. The interaction of these devices can be plotted, studied, and stored. Magnifications can be increased, accuracies can be improved, and resolution can be enhanced using these techniques. You can expect to see a focus on the volumetric measurement and compensation characteristics of these machines as they are exposed to a wider variety of applications and with more emphasis on 3D accuracy. Multi-sensor systems are ideal for complex, multi-featured parts including electronic components that may require non-contact, contact, and 3D probing measuring routines. With increasing magnification, vibration isolation will become more important as systems exceed 1,000X - but there is no reason to doubt that we won’t see accuracy and repeatability figures in the near future that rival machines of the highest caliber – and at a fraction of the cost. Modern measurement machines ‘map’ the inherent errors in the

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test & measurement

electronic products and technology • october 2009

PCI Express card delivers eight RS-232 ports in low profile Model PCIe-COM232-8 PCI Express card provides eight RS-232 ports in a low profile (MD1) form factor. Each port is capable of supporting data rates up to 921.6kbps and implements full modem control signals to ensure compatibility with a broad variety of serial devices. Existing serial peripherals can connect directly to the industry standard DB9M connectors which are provided on the breakout cable that ships with each card. ACCES I/O PRODUCTS

Thermal imager delivers 320x240 resolution, field-changeable batteries Fluke TiR32 Thermal Imager incorporates a 320x240 sensor to provide detailed images, using firm’s patented IR-Fusion technology, marrying high-precision thermal images with visual (visible light) images in full screen, picture-in-picture or blended views for enhanced problem detection and analysis. Units come with two field-swappable, rechargeable batteries that enable virtually continuous imager use. Typical battery life is more than four hours each. FLUKE ELECTRONICS CANADA http://ept.hotims.com/23483-86

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NTS Calgary achieves ITL accreditation

Dc load simulates LED for driver testing 63110A LED simulator for driver testing delivers electronic load to allow the forward voltage (Vf) and operating resistance (Rd) to be adjusted to the LED’s V-I curve and simulates ripple current characteristics of typical LED’s. The device’s load also has increased bandwidth to allow for PWM dimming testing. Until now, LED drivers have been typically tested with actual LED’s or resistive elements. Product speeds test methods, automation and repeatable load characteristics. CHROMA SYSTEMS SOLUTIONS http://ept.hotims.com/23483-83

One-button test solution for 10GBASE-T compliance accelerates validation cycles XGbT test automation software and test fixtures provides onebutton solution for the full-range of 10GBASE-T measurements. The oscilloscope-based solution lowers cost by nearly 50%, removes complexity and improves usability compared to competitive solutions. Product improves efficiency with faster validation cycles and higher reliability. TEKTRONIX

One-box communication tester enhanced with PESQ audio measurement cdma200 perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) measurement functionality for its 8960 wireless communications test set helps wireless engineers enhance the end-user experience by providing an objective measurement of audio quality in digitally vocoded voice. Implementations of vocoder algorithms are designed to provide higher-quality voice at lower data rates. Sensitivity and transmitter quality of a mobile handset affects vocoder performance, and this determines the voice quality heard by the user. AGILENT TECHNOL0GIES 3500 MED AD 9/22/09CANADA 9:40 AM Page 1

Specialists in compliance engineering and testing services, the Calgary arm of National Technical Systems (NTS) Inc., recently became an accredited ITL (Independent Testing Laboratory) member following an audit under Verizon’s NEBS Testing Certification Program (NEBS-TCP). “Now there is a lab in Canada that can test for NEBS and have the results accepted by the US carriers,” enthused Gilles Philion, national sales manager, National Technical Systems, Gloucester ON. NTS is a global player in assisting organizations to access domestic and international markets. Acting as a single source for a full range of integrated engineering solutions, product testing, standards compliance, project management staffing solutions and managed services. NTS is among North America’s largest independent standards compliance and product testing firms serving companies within the aerospace, defense, automotive, telecommunications, electronics, power, medical device, computer, software and financial markets. http://ept.hotims.com/23483-88

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operating envelope and store the correction data in a lookup file. These corrections are applied at machine start-up and require no operator intervention. In addition, periodic re-calibrations can be accomplished quickly, efficiently should the machine warrant it.

Design examples Let’s look at some examples of design optimization for longer travel systems. Some systems utilize ball screw drive systems. They can be noisy, expensive, maintenance prone and difficult to install properly. They are also slow compared to competing technologies. The clear leader in drive systems is the Linear Motor Drive which offers nearly silent operation and zero maintenance. When coupled with an air-bearing stage and non-contact linear scales – the system is virtually friction-free which of course, leads to better repeatability. A further benefit is the absence of lubrication and therefore, their use is more compatible for clean room environments. Another ‘no-cost’ method to increase repeatability is to center-drive the moving axes of a system. This eliminates the inherent hysteresis of off-axis drives and contributes significantly to system performance. This is most easily achieved with the use of a split-axis transport system. A “compound” transport nests one axis within the other. This makes interaction between the axes unavoidable and generally locates the drive system outside the measuring envelope (off-axis). A gantry system fixes the part to the granite base and drives the probe(s) from the side – often mandating the use of dual encoders. Efforts to increase accuracy and repeatability don’t need to stop with those mentioned above, however. If one of the goals is to increase performance by decreasing friction, then one must look at even the most passive of components – the bellows. These devices are costly, noisy, and introduce variable friction as dictated by their degree of expansion or contraction. Their primary purpose is to protect machine components and eliminate pinch-points. However, these goals can be achieved through alternative design techniques. Finally, there is feature illumination – an area where enormous benefits can be obtained while decreasing costs. Earlier measurement and inspection systems used direct lighting and in many instances delivered it to the part via fiber-optic bundles. While there are still applications for this technique, there is overwhelming acceptance of LED lighting which offers the advantages of no-heat, incredibly long lamp life, even distribution of light, flexibility for all types of illumination, and of course – low cost. Thanks to these extraordinary new components and design techniques, the seemingly unrealistic goal of attaining higher performance while lowering costs is being achieved by the astute lead of today’s metrology systems manufacturers. For more information on video/multi-sensor measurement technology from Starrett Kinemetric Division, go to http://ept.hotims.com/23483-85 http://ept.hotims.com/23483-23

w w w. e p t . c a

electronic products and technology • october 2009

Semiconductors & ICs

Building advanced Cortex-M3 applications

How to best utilize advanced capabilities

The ARM Cortex-M3 architecture provides many improvements compared with its predecessor, the popular ARM7/9, and is designed to be particularly suitable for cost-sensitive embedded applications that require deterministic system behaviour. This article describes how developers can best utilize the advanced capabilities of the Cortex-M3 when designing embedded applications.

50% fewer processor cycles. The Cortex-M3 includes several integrated peripherals in addition to the core CPU. Most important of these is the Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC), designed for low latency, efficiency and configurability. The NVIC saves half the processor registers automatically upon interrupt, restoring them upon exit, allowing for efficient interrupt handling. It also removes the need for saving/ restoring registers during back-to-back interrupts. The NVIC also integrates the SysTick, a 24-bit down-counting timer intended for RTOS use. The Cortex-M3 implements ARMv7M, using the Thumb-2 Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) — a superset of the original Thumb — which includes new 16- and 32-bit instructions. Cortex-M3s always execute in a single mode (Thumb2), unlike ARM7/9s that needed to switch between ARM/Thumb modes. The Cortex-M3 includes 36 instructions not available on the ARM7/9, including CLZ (count leading zeros), which is particularly useful for kernel scheduling algorithms. An optimized version of the scheduling algorithm for µC/OS-II written in assembly language using the CLZ and RBIT instructions can be used to find the highest priority ready task efficiently within about 25 clock cycles – about twice as fast as the equivalent optimization that can be done with an ARM7/9 and, 3-4 times faster than the same algorithm written in C.

In contrast the Cortex-M3, which contains a sub-set of the new ARM Coresight debug technology, has six code breakpoints and four general-purpose watchpoints, providing enough breakpoints for most debugging scenarios. The Cortex-M3 also allows live access to the core when the application is running, making it possible to read and write memory and set/clear breakpoints on a running application. There are five main functional units that implement the Cortex-M3 debug Comparison logic: Cortex-M3 is a member of the Cortex• DWT (Data Watchpoint and Trace) M family, one of the three ARM Cortex – provides a set of functions that collect architectures that were introduced to the information from the system buses and embedded marketplace in 2004, and is generates events to the ITM/ETM units. being integrated into low-cost embedded These functions are: four independent microcontrollers (MCUs) from an increaswatchpoints; program counter sampler; ing number of silicon vendors. interrupt trace; and CPU statistics. The Cortex-M3 improves on the ARM7/9 • ETM (Embedded Trace Macrocell) — an in most qualitative estimates – simpler optional unit that provides high bandstack architecture, better interrupt conwidth instruction trace data over a deditroller, and higher-performance instruccated 4-bit high speed trace bus using tion set, as well as enhanced debug a special hardware probe such as IAR capabilities, all of which can significantly J-Trace for Cortex-M3. affect end-product performance. • FPB (Flash Patch and Breakpoint) The Cortex-M3 reduces both the over— implements the logic for six code head and complexity of ARM7/9 stack breakpoints, and contains logic to patch management by incorporating only two eight instructions. stacks. Tasks execute in Thread mode, • ITM (Instrumentation Trace Macrocell) using the process stack, while interrupts – the formatter for events originating execute in Handler mode, using the main from the DWT. ITM packets from 32 I/O stack. The task context is automatiports can be picked up by the debugger in cally saved on the process stack when an realtime, and can transmit internal status exception occurs, upon which the procesand statistics on RTOS kernels, TCP/IP sor moves to Handler mode, making the stacks and other middleware software main stack active. On return from the • DAP (Debug Access Port) — receives Debug and trace exception, the task context is restored data from the other units and combines The ARM7TDMI-S cores have only two and Thread mode re-instated if the interand routes the information to the availhardware watchpoints — translating to rupted task remains the active task. able debug ports, JTAG, SWD (Serial Wire either two code breakpoints or one code If, however, a new task is to be schedDebug), SWO (Serial Wire Output), and breakpoint and a data breakpoint — and uled, the context switch must take place. trace port. no live core access. Ideally, multiple Because the task context is already saved, SWD is the preferred debug interface breakpoints need to be activated to pinthis procedure is more straightforward when debugging with Cortex-M3, but Cadence_16.2_Depth_Half_NB_EP&T.qxp:Layout 1 2/25/09 11:21 AM Page 1 to take full advantage of its features point a badly behaving application. with the Cortex-M3 and also consumes

THE CADENCE OrCAD DIFFERENCE IS DEPTH

By Jean Labrosse, president, Micrium Inc., Anders Lundgren and Lotta Frimanson, product managers, IAR Systems AB

Cortex-M3 debug architecture

requires a probe with full SWD/SWO support such as IAR J-Link version 7 or later, which is capable of running at SWO speeds at up to 6Mb/s. The Cortex-M3 debug controller enables debuggers such as C-SPY in IAR Embedded Workbench to provide enhanced functionality, simply by using a JTAG probe such as IAR J-Link that supports SWO data. The function profiler, will help find the functions where most time is spent during execution — the parts to focus on when spending time and effort on optimizing code. In a system without trace capabilities, this would have required the debugger to set breakpoints at each entry and exit from functions. DWT allows the debugger to sample the PC and provide statistical profiling. A PC sampling rate of around 10,000 samples per second is good enough to find CPU intensive functions in the application, although not to provide a precise profile. The timing information for each function in an application can then be displayed in different formats in IAR Embedded Workbench while the application is running. The statistical trace information received via SWO can also be used to provide information about the number of times each instruction in the code has been executed. The four watchpoints in the DWT module can be used to log accesses to up to four different memory locations or areas, including time information, and thus help to place that data in more efficient memory, making the application program more efficient and helping to debug it. By using the DWT module to trigger an ITM packet for each interrupt activity, the debugger can present logs and graphs of the interrupt activity in the system, helping for example to locate which interrupts can be fine-tuned to make execution faster. Figure 5 shows the Interrupt Log window in IAR Embedded Workbench. A condensed summary for each interrupt source is also available. The ITM module also provides a nonintrusive printf() function that reduces the overhead for this mechanism to around 100µs compared to a couple of hundred ms when using the traditional breakpoint-driven semihosting method. The debug controller makes developing and testing software easier. Not only is the architecture sensible, stable and efficient, its designers aimed provide a developerfriendly platform, with a sophisticated debug system and six flash breakpoints that are immensely helpful during testing and development, and powerful trace features that allow greater real-time visibility into application operation. For more information on utilizing the advanced capabilities of Cortex-M3 when designing embedded applications, go to http://ept.hotims.com/23483-89

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EMI: How to Get the Lowest Noise Description of the sources of current mode and differential noise. A bench demonstration of the effect of various filters and combinations on noise spectra, shown in the context of EN55022, Class B limits.

Thermal & Mechanical Considerations Definition of the terms and the relationships among efficiency, heat, cooling by conduction, convection and radiation. Using these relationships, calculations are made to determine efficiency and thermal impedance, leading to the choice of a proper heat sink.

Input Overvoltage Protection Discussion of types of transient overvoltage and methods to generate and measure them.

Improving Output Filtering Discussion of theory and a step-by-step bench demonstration measuring output ripple. A range of methods for reducing output ripple while stressing the importance of good technique.

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Unistrip 2600 smartstrip™ technology

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electronic products and technology • october 2009

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Semiconductor package delivers speed, reliability HyperBGA PTFE-based ‘coreless’ semiconductor package provides improved power and density with the addition of signal layers, while allowing semiconductor devices to run at extremely high speeds. The combination of the low loss, low dielectric constant material and strip line cross sections enable digital signal speeds surpassing 12Gb/s, delivering superior electrical performance. Device provides long flip chip BGA life and outperforms ceramic BGA packages by delivering up to 10 times the reliability. ENDICOTT INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGIES http://ept.hotims.com/23483-44

semiconductors & ICs

DDR3 1866 memory bus debug solution speeds setup

Small signal transistors sit in low profile package

Agilent and FuturePlus Systems Corp. Partner to develop DDR3 1866 DIMM interposer test solution, which is comprised of the Agilent 16962A logic analyzer module and the FS2352 interposer for nextgeneration doubledata-rate (DDR) SDRAM buses. Unit’s low-profile minimizes probeinduced effects on the DDR3 bus. The interposer is inserted into the target memory socket, while also accepting a memory module in the probe’s extender slot. Product’s software components speed setup and simplify analysis. Tool is suitable for designers performing DIMM validation, failure analysis, and bus functional-parametric validation in servers, supercomputing, desktops and computing applications. AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES CANADA

CMBT3904E (NPN) and CMBT3906E (PNP) small signal transistors in space saving SOT-923 surface mount package are 40V general purpose devices with a maximum collector current of 200mA and outstanding low typical VCE(SAT) specifications of 0.057V @ 10mA and 0.1V @ 50mA. Device has a maximum profile (height) of 0.41mm and occupies 1.1mm x 0.65mm of board space. Product is suitable for today’s smallest electronic products, utilizing 75% less board space than the SOT-523 with a 47% lower profile. CENTRAL SEMICONDUCTOR

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Nanopower Op amp extends battery life PowerWise LPV521nanopower operational amplifier (op amp) provides low power consumption at 552 nanowatts (nW), with guaranteed operation down to 1.6V. Device extends battery life in portable equipment and low power applications including wireless remote sensors, power-line monitoring, and micropower oxygen and gas sensors. Product provides a supply voltage range from 1.6V to 5.5V with a maximum supply current of 0.4uA. NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR http://ept.hotims.com/23483-46

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Wideband RF quadrature modulator targets wireless infrastructure CMX993W highly integrated wideband quadrature modulator provides 30MHz to 1GHz operation with excellent wideband noise performance across multiple modulations and bandwidths. Device provides translation from baseband I/Q signals to a modulated RF signal; the wideband inputs (up to 100MHz) can be driven single-ended or differentially for optimum performance. Product has two integrated and matched double-balanced mixers, driven from a buffered, quadrature, split local oscillator. The ‘LO’ frequency is divided by either 2 or 4, with mixers forming an I/Q vector modulator with programmable gain stages (offering a desirable 30dB of gain control in 2.5dB step increments). CML MICROCIRCUITS http://ept.hotims.com/23483-48

High density FPGA boosts performance, lowers power Stratix IV EP4SE820 FPGA increased its high-end density range from 230K to 820K logic elements (LEs). Device delivers 53% higher density than firm’s EP4SE530 device and is at least one speed grade faster than the closest competitor’s largest offering. Product’s density, performance and power-saving features enables simplified design partitioning, acceleration of verification cycle and reduction in total system power. ALTERA http://ept.hotims.com/23483-49

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