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March/April 2016
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CONTENTS 3
Canadian The publication for professional security management
Columns
Volume 38 Number 2
The school of life It’s a matter of educating students on the fundamentals while making sure they have the critical thinking skills to adapt to the new realities of professional security
12 CCTV & thE LAW Not pixel perfect 13 risk perspective Don’t risk repetition 14 municipal matters Strategy is not static
By Neil Sutton
16
Departments 4 editor’s notebook Generals and generalists 5 trending
Scanning for scams
10 Q&A Dr. Ann Cavoukian, Privacy and Big Data Institute
How loss prevention managers are getting better at detecting retail return fraud
11 ASIS update CPP exam gets a refresher
By Linda Johnson
21 book review Tomorrow’s problems today 22 product focus Identity management
18 visit www.CanadianSecuritymag.com Security leaders will be dropping by our studio in 2016, so be sure to check out the video section of our website for new content.
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@SecurityEd • March/April 2016
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Canadian
4 editor’s notebook By Neil Sutton
Generals and generalists Why our future leaders need a broad education
W
hen most of us start a career, we usually have more advice than we know what to do with. Family members will tell us one thing, friends another, educators something else altogether. But it ultimately falls to the individual to decide what’s right for them, what sits best with their view of the world, and then match the advice as best as they can with their own career goals. Our lead piece this issue relates specifically to loss prevention, but much of the rest of the magazine focuses on career development, which is timely, since it comes on the heels of our Security Career Expo on March 9, which drew more than 200 students (see p.8 “Have a focus but for photo highlights). The day started with a career advice panel be flexible enough to comprising a diverse group — from a former change with the times.” police officer who came out of retirement to pursue a senior security role to a former CFL player who made an unorthodox transition to security to a Canada Post security professional who was furthering her education mid-career. One of the key points I took away from the session was, be flexible — have a focus and have goals, certainly, but be flexible enough to change with the times and seize the opportunities that may come your way. I don’t think the panelists were suggesting that a happy-go-lucky approach is necessarily going to help you fulfill career goals, but it helps to be able to roll with the punches and not stick too rigidly to a plan that you may have formulated before you understood some of the subtleties of the labour market (not to mention how capricious it can be). As a companion piece to the Career Expo, I wrote a feature article about how that labour market has changed and what educators are doing to prepare students for the new realities. One of the keenest observations came from Daniel Schwartz, PSI co-ordinator at Humber College, who told me that the college is trying to instill a sort of duality in students in order for them to succeed: there are more and more specialized roles for security professionals today, so developing what can be sometimes very specific interests or skill sets could produce some very desirable job candidates. But, said Schwartz, those ambitions shouldn’t get in the way of the ability to be what he called a good generalist — someone who has a well-rounded knowledge base and can apply effective critical thinking to situations they encounter. In many ways, those key points were echoed by the panel at Security Career Expo. Being a good generalist means being flexible and entertaining multiple points of view. On a related note, this issue also features a short article on changes to the CPP exam. The stewards at ASIS International revise the exam once every five years. Their approach is probably more proscribed than a college student who may have to be receptive to a dozen new ideas a day, but the end result is the same: they are reflecting recent changes in the practice of security and helping to shape it at the same time.
The publication for professional security management
Group Publisher Paul Grossinger pgrossinger@annexweb.com
Art Director Graham Jeffrey gjeffrey@annexweb.com
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Account Coordinator Trish Ramsay tramsay@annexweb.com
Editor Neil Sutton nsutton@annexweb.com
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Online Editor Cindy Macdonald cmacdonald@annexweb.com
Editorial and Sales Office 222 Edward Street, Aurora, Ontario L4G 1W6 (905) 727-0077 • Fax (905) 727-0017 Web Site: www.canadiansecuritymag.com Canadian Security is the key publication for professional security management in Canada, providing balanced editorial on issues relevant to end users across all industry sectors. Editorial content may, at times, be viewed as controversial but at all times serves to inform and educate readers on topics relevant to their individual and collective growth and interests. Canadian Security is published six times per year by Annex Business Media. Publication Mail Agreement #40065710 Printed in Canada I.S.S.N. 0709-3403 Subscription Rates Canada: 1 Year $40.95 + HST; U.S.A. (payable in US dollars): 1 Year $70.00; International (payable in US dollars): 1 Year $80.00 Circulation Tel: (416) 510-5189 Fax: (416) 510-5170 asingh@annexbizmedia.com 80 Valleybrook Drive, Toronto, ON M3B 2S9 The contents of Canadian Security are copyright by ©2016 Annex Publishing & Printing Inc. and may not be reproduced in whole or part without written consent. Annex Business Media disclaims any warranty as to the accuracy, completeness or currency of the contents of this publication and disclaims all liability in respect of the results of any action taken or not taken in reliance upon information in this publication.
Editorial Advisory Board Jason Caissie Profile Group
Tracy Ann Kosa Microsoft
Carol Osler TD Bank
Ken Close Trillium Health Partners
Bill McQuade Final Image
Theresa Rowsell Kit and Ace
Ashley Cooper Paladin Security
Clark Northcott Hikvision
Tim Saunders G4S
David Hyde Hyde & Assoc.
Malcolm Smeaton Whitehorse Group
@SecurityEd March/April 2016 • www.canadiansecuritymag.com
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trending 5 Calendar Border Security Expo April 13-14, 2016 San Antonio, Tex. www.bordersecurityexpo.com Security and Counter Terror Expo April 19-20, 2016 London, U.K. www.counterterrorexpo.com Security Canada East April 20, 2016 Laval, Que. www.securitycanadaexpo.com Canadian Technical Security Conference April 26-28, 2016 Cornwall, Ont. www.ctsc-canada.com Security Canada Alberta May 11, 2016 Edmonton, Alta. www.securitycanadaexpo.com IAHSS Annual Conference & Exhibition May 22-25, 2016 Charlotte, NC www.iahss.org Security Canada Ottawa June 1, 2016 Ottawa, Ont. www.securitycanadaexpo.com Focus On Drones June 7, 2016 Toronto, Ont. www.focusonseries.ca Security Canada West June 15, 2016 Richmond, B.C. www.securitycanadaexpo.com Security Canada Atlantic September 21, 2016 Moncton, N.B. www.securitycanadaexpo.com Focus On Government Security October 6, 2016 Ottawa, Ont. www.focusonseries.ca Security Canada Central October 19–20, 2016 Toronto, Ont. www.securitycanadaexpo.com
Paging through a security career
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atherine Matak, a Vancouver-based veteran of the security industry, says she feels a tremendous sense of relief now her book “Start and Run a Security Business” is finally published. It’s not that she’s glad it’s over — but she has 25 years of knowledge that she wanted to share and it was a case of digging deep. Matak has occupied several roles in security — first as a guard business owner and operator for half a dozen years, then running her own investigations and risk management business, Baker Street Agency. She was approached by Self-Counsel Press, which has published dozens of books on starting a business (everything from gift baskets to landscaping), to write a book about how to be successful in the security industry. “I have a lot of knowledge that I’d like to share. There’s a lot of people thinking of going into the business who could certainly benefit from my mistakes and my learning process,” she says. When she submitted her original 10,000 word draft, the publisher turned around and said they needed 60,000 more. Initially a daunting task, Matak discovered she actually had a lot more to share about the security business. “The surprise was, I really did have that much to say. I really had to tap into my knowledge, the research, the information and put it altogether. The more I started writing, the more I wanted to write,” she says. Matak is no stranger to the writing process. Running a business requires communication and report writing. In addition, Matak has prepared security exams and curricula, guard training for the province of B.C., and has also selfpublished a book about loss prevention. She says her approach to security has always been to treat it as a professional business — 25 years ago she says she felt like she was ahead of her time.
“I had a pretty simple philosophy when I started — I didn’t want to sell the paramilitary image of the security guard.” The “big parkas and fake badges” look wasn’t helping, she says. “I thought, that’s not really where security should go.” Matak says she was always more into the “business look” for security: “low-key, serviceoriented, professional people who could communicate properly. That was my philosophy.” An issue for guards, and one that continues to trouble her, is the low starting pay. Matak says that when she ran a guard business she always pushed for a higher dollar and it was a matter of convincing clients that good security is worth the extra spend. “Yes, we’re a service industry and yes, basically, we’re providing manpower to solve these problems,” she says. “[But] take it a step up. There’s so much you can do with the client in terms of educating them.” Matak’s book includes chapters on what both clients and guards are looking for from the business, as well as sections on licensing, administration, marketing, recruiting, training and more. It is essentially a “how-to” book for would-be security business owners. The book also includes downloadable forms like incident reports, inventory management and billing information. One of the most rewarding aspects of working in security is the variety of challenges and situations professionals can expect to encounter, she says. “It’s the industry that introduced me to more variety of people, variety of problem-solving than I think any other industry will,” she says. “You’re going to malls, you’re going to high-rises, you’re going to residential homes, you’re going to stores, construction sites, and you’re there to help people figure out what their security needs are.” — Neil Sutton @SecurityEd • March/April 2016
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2016
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SECURITY CAREER EXPO
Students of security S
ecurity Career Expo, held March 9 in Toronto, hosted more than 200 college students enrolled in security programs. They came to listen to expert speakers, network with respected industry professionals and meet potential employers. Professionals from TD Bank, Canada Post, Go Transit, Peel Region School Board, the City of Calgary, Canada’s Wonderland,
MLSE, Sears and many more mingled with students, answering questions and sharing their expertise. Students were able to engage with companies such as Securitas, Final Image, GardaWorld, G4S Canada, Paragon Security, Paladin Security, ASAP Secured, AFIMAC, Go Transit, CN Tower and Chubb Edwards to learn more about jobs available to them when they graduate.
The security team from CN Tower was one of the event sponsors. Security manager Janice Holmes (centre) was also a student mentor.
Police Foundations at Queen’s College
The Paladin Security team
Paul Greenwood, St. Michael’s Hospital (seated far right), was one of the security professionals who offered mentoring time.
Millennials panelist James Skinner was an attendee at a previous Security Career Expo and was subsequently hired on as an investigator at the Profile Group of Companies.
Loss prevention panel with (from left) John Crusoe, West 49; Carolyn Homes, Sears Canada; and Stephen O’Keefe, Retail Council of Canada
March/April2016 • www.canadiansecuritymag.com
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QA &
with Dr. Ann Cavoukian Executive Director, Privacy and Big Data Institute
F
rom 1997, Dr. Ann Cavoukian led the charge for Ontario’s Information and Privacy Office until she decided mid-2014 that “it was time for another gig.” After three terms in office, Cavoukian says she was ready for a change. However, she hasn’t strayed too far from her privacy legacy. Cavoukian joined up with Toronto’s Ryerson University to form the Privacy and Big Data Institute — an academic-industry partnership devoted to ensuring that privacy measures are woven into the fabric of data analytics. Cavoukian was known for speaking her mind when she led the Privacy Commissioner’s Office, but says she’s now freer than ever to comment on privacy issues, whether its survelliance cameras or Apple versus the FBI. Canadian Security spoke to Cavoukian recently about her actitivies since she joined up with Ryerson and her thoughts on current trends in privacy and security. Canadian Security: What are your goals now that you are working with Ryerson? Ann Cavoukian: Everyone wants to move forward and they’re not taking the time to reflect upon potential unintended consequences related to data just flowing without any notion of consent or authorized use. Those are the two fronts I feel I need to tackle and am aggressively tackling. CS: You recently made comments about poor privacy protection around surveillance camera technology. Can you explain a little more? AC: You have to be careful that you don’t have unsecured webcams or video surveillance cameras. Where is it going and who has access to it? These
are essential questions that whoever is installing them should be able to answer to the person who requisitioned it. If they’re used by the company for the intended purposes, that’s fine. But if this data can be intercepted by unauthorized third parties, that’s when you have to start worrying big time. Make sure you have sufficient security built into this by design and from the outset. CS: How many privacy breaches are a product of accidental disclosure? Is it a matter of education? AC: I’m very pro-technology. I follow all the developments with awe. It’s amazing, all the innovation coming. But when I speak to community groups and public sector people, I say, “Look, the message you have to get out is: ask questions.” You cannot simply accept everything offered to you without asking questions. You don’t have to be tech person, you have to ask some really basic questions. Regardless of what the technology is, if it’s connecting personal information relating to you, your activities, your movements, your identity, etc., then that information can be used in ways that were never intended, certainly by you. When you provide that information you’re providing it for a particular purpose. After that, I’m assuming, you don’t want it floating around the Internet. If that’s the case, you have to at least ask the question, where is my information going to flow? CS: How should companies that don’t have a dedicated privacy officer proceed? AC: I generally say that the manager or the individual charged with the
collecting the information — that information is coming to them because they need it for whatever function they’re executing. After that, have them sit down and chronicle, does the information flow to any other departments? If so, is it related to the [original] purpose you collected it for or is it a completely different purpose called a secondary use? If so, please consider if you should seek consent. I think when you put it in those terms, it’s not complicated. CS: One of your mandates as Privacy Commissioner was Privacy By Design (baking privacy measures into technology as it is developed). Do you think it’s had the desired effect? AC: Let me tell you why I know it’s had the desired effect and why we are now offering at Ryerson a Privacy By Design certification. When I came here a year ago, one of the first meetings I had was with the then-new president of Microsoft Canada. She said, we’d like you to certify our Cloud products. I said, leave it with me. I approached Deloitte, who I’ve worked with many times in the past on Privacy By Design, and I asked them if they would partner with me on a Privacy By Design certification. They would look under the hood, so to speak, and do the audit and attestation in terms of compliance. We’ve just completed our first certification. CS: What is your take on the Apple vs. FBI situation? AC: The reason I so strongly support [Apple CEO] Tim Cook in this very principled position he’s taking…. This is not going to be just one phone they want unlocked. The point that Tim Cook is making is that, once we do this for this government, governments from around the world are going to be asking us to do the same thing. China will be knocking on our doors. They have more iPhones than anywhere else. Russia, etc. It’s like Pandora’s Box: once you open it, out it flows.
March/April 2016 • www.canadiansecuritymag.com
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asis update 11
CPP exam gets a refresher
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SIS International is updating its CPP examinations effective May 16 based on research as well as input from approximately 3,500 current CPP holders around the world (2,000 in the U.S. and the balance international). The CPP exam, a cornerstone of ASIS education, changes roughly every five years, says Greg Hurd, president of ASIS’s Professional Certification Board, and head of security, North America, for Calgarybased Statoil. The updates are performed to ensure that the Greg Hurd exam content is up to date with current trends in security and in line with the job demands of today’s senior security professional. Sweeping changes are generally not required, and there is nothing radically different about
the 2016 CPP, says Hurd. More likely, exam takers can expect to see shifts in how different aspects of the exam are weighted, along with some new subjects added to the broader topic areas (a complete list is available on the ASIS International website). “What we’re doing is ensuring, as a society and as an industry, that the competency is definitely there. As we go along, the job analysis is a bit of a failsafe,” says Hurd. The job analysis survey, conducted by the 3,500 CPPs, helps anchor CPP content to real-world security concerns and obligations. “Things that are trending right now will be taken into account by the security managers that are surveyed,” says Hurd. “There’s always growing
concern for risk assessment related to cyber security, operating in more hostile environments, cross-functional collaboration.” An emerging trend in security, particularly in recent years, is the degree to which it is tied to broader business objectives. IT security and cyber security are also carving pathways into physical security concerns (and vice-versa). To a degree, these are reflected in ASIS education, but the organization also partners with organizations where IT security is a core competency. “We collaborate,” says Hurd. “We may not introduce a lot of it, but we may introduce concepts of information security, which is part of the fundamentals that are currently in the CPP.” — Neil Sutton
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12 cctv & the law
By Elliott Goldstein
Not pixel perfect
I Even flawed surveillance video can affect the outcome of a trial
n a recent Ontario case, the Court saw person captured by the video. a video of an accused setting on fire his The trial Court found that the expert’s neighbour’s (i.e. the victim’s) truck. evidence was technical in nature, but still The neighbour suffered minor burns relevant as to whether or not the video and damage to his property. The video, evidence was in any way compromised or admitted in evidence at trial, showed a man altered. approaching the truck with something in his The trial judge noted the pixilation of right hand, reaching into the driver’s side of the video and that it could not be further the vehicle, igniting a fire, enhanced. The appeal and quickly moving back in Court held that whether the direction he came from. the video was of sufficient “Video evidence is still The neighbour quality to form the basis who owned the truck for the identification was important because it recognized the accused as a question of fact for the allows the trial judge to the arsonist and testified to trial judge. this at trial. The appeal Court observe what occurred.” On appeal, the accused also decided that the argued that the trial judge quality of the recording did not consider the effect was relevant to the trial of the evidence of the judge’s consideration of Crown’s expert forensic video analyst on the the content of the video. It pertained to quality, as opposed to the admissibility, of the question of whether or not it was clear the lay opinion recognition evidence. enough for the trial judge to review and At trial the sole issue was the identity place any weight on the video or on the of the person who set fire to the truck. The neighbour’s observations and identification accused did not testify. of the accused. At trial, the police expert who testified The appeal Court held that the expert’s to tender the video evidence was not description of the arsonist and evidence on called as an identification witness, but as a the content of the video would not assist the forensic video analyst. He was not asked to trial judge on the ultimate identification issue. do a lengthy comparative analysis report. The appeal Court concluded that it was The expert prepared the video evidence clear from the reasons that the trial judge introduced at trial, including the surveillance examined the contents of the video. The trial recording of the crime scene showing a judge did provide a detailed description of person of interest what he was able to glean from the video reaching inside the despite its pixilation. victim’s truck when A review of the surveillance video by the it erupted in flames. appeal court confirms that the trial judge’s The accused’s lawyer assessment of it was reasonable. argued that the This case demonstrates that even if victim’s identification the trial judge cannot make a positive of the accused should identification from his/her viewing of the be viewed in light of video, the video evidence is still important the expert’s testimony because it allows the trial judge to observe about the low quality what occurred and supports the judge’s of the surveillance decision on the accused’s guilt. video evidence and the expert’s inability Elliott Goldstein, B.A., J.D., is a Thornhill, Ont.-based to identify the lawyer (elgold@rogers.com). characteristics of the 1. R. v. Benson 2015 ONCA 827
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By Tim McCreight
RISK Perspective 13
Don’t risk repetition
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Documentation will help identify common approaches to different problems
s an organization matures its risk could have been managed as one general risk management program, opportunities remediation program. arise to identify controls that satisfy a Had I simply taken the time at the end of number of similarly themed risks. each assessment and thoroughly reviewed the The benefit of searching through a library risks and recommendations against similar of risk assessments becomes immediately assessments, I would have documented a clear evident when you review not only the pattern of remediation. Instead of starting a half risks, but also the recommendations and dozen small projects to reduce risk, I could have remediation plans. created one larger initiative Security professionals that would deal with these are like other busy assessments, and potentially “Never let your risk personnel — we complete more in the future. our assignments, fight the The lesson I learned assessments end (many) organizational fires is to never let your risk that occur on a daily basis, assessments end with the with the report to and assess our progress report to the client. Before the client.” against milestones and you finish the report, create budget requirements. Not an internal process that everyone has the capacity brings the key risks and to go through a paper or recommendations from the online system to identify risks from previous assignment back into the security group for assessments and review the plans you put in another perspective. If you’ve read my articles place to remediate the risks. in the past, you can use your risk register Finding time to do this activity can save as a great starting point for this activity. If you countless hours of reworking solutions, your risk assessment highlighted a similar and lifts your risk maturity to new levels. risk you already documented in your risk What may appear to be an onerous trudge register, check the remediation plan and the through past assignments can offer new recommended activities to determine if they opportunities to reuse solutions for similar can also reduce your risk. circumstances. If the recommendations aren’t an In a few of my past lives, I found some exact match, that’s fine. Since I started quiet time during the holiday season to this conducting this internal review a review a number of risk assessments that number of years ago I was able to identify were conducted during the year. I really higher level activities that would resolve a wanted to ensure my team had completed number of physical and logical risks that I the risk assessment process and that wouldn’t have seen in the past. One great we’d documented our work activities example involved launching an education appropriately. What I experienced instead and awareness campaign that focused not was an epiphany of sorts — we had provided only on information security principles, but an eerily similar type of recommendation privacy and physical security concepts as well. for over a half dozen risk reports. The Developing one training platform addressed assessments were diverse, ranging from three specific training risks, and even saved a standard review of a commercial off development funds. The online course and the shelf (COTS) software package to a supporting materials were developed once, significant upgrade to an older, legacy with input from all three teams. system. The same risk theme, or concept, Don’t wait till your next holiday break to kept coming up from each assessment. And do this — try it once a quarter! a similar recommendation was presented for each report. The recommendations, Tim McCreight is director, advisory services at Above although accurate, where repetitious and Security (www.abovesecurity.com). @SecurityEd • March/April 2016
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14 MUNICIPAL MATTERS By Mel Gedruj
Strategy is not static
I Governance, administration and planning requires a multi-faceted, flexible approach
n last issue’s column we looked at the (AWWA), is the RAMCAP 2010 Risk and general challenges facing municipal Resilience Standard. It provides prescriptive security management planning ranging steps to deal with a full spectrum of from domain specific standards to an agreed hazards. “Reslience” is the one common upon methodology. theme. It helps security move from the The latter should start with a look at the proverbial ”guards, gates and guns” to a governance and administrative structure. function embedded in the management of For the purposes of this exercise let’s work an organization. Applied to the municipal with assumptions: we will environment, it provides the assume the municipality flexibility to adopt solutions has a governance structure applied to different risk “Resilience could but wishes to improve it exposures. or does not have one due Now, how should be one of a to fiscal restraint. we apply any of these We had reviewed or portions to establish number of strategic what possibly could be strategic security objectives? objectives.” construed as an optimal Resilience could be one setup i.e. Emergency, of a number of strategic Security and Business objectives which we could continuity all under the use at two levels: high for umbrella of Enterprise Risk Management critical infrastructure and lower for other (ERM). assets. An example would be, if public transit Let’s assume that the security section/ operations were to be disrupted, we would division is led by one or more staff. Our next first recover by going into a holiday mode step would be to define all the deliverables for (insert number) weeks and resume full that would support our subsequent stages. operations after that. The three major levels we would look at are: Next we would need two more strategic (why), tactical (what), then finally the conceptual models that would help us define operational layer (how), each resulting in a objectives more clearly: Security Situational working document. The associated document Awareness (SSA) and Mission Criticality for an organizational security policy could be (MC). While they are primarily designed to a “security master plan.” Whatever we choose establish the tactical level guidelines they to call it, it should define the strategic aims. should be used to define strategic objectives. It could be one page long or 20 — what is They could be used to provide five levels essential is that it establishes not only the overall of rating. An example would be: “For our objectives against which progress will be gauged operations and assets with a MC of 4, we but would support the deployment of future would aim at a SSA of 4.” security measures within the approved overall The process of building our strategic direction. To move from a purely theoretical statement is not a linear one. It requires a level and put some meat on these statements feedback loop whereby we would assess risk we need to introduce international standards and vulnerability for various assets and test and more conceptual models. our findings to conclude which approach While not municipal security focused, would be acceptable (think fiscal constraints) both ISO 31000 (Risk Management) to Regional or City council. Needless to say and ASIS International SPC.1.2009 on that just bluntly applying standards would organizational resilience introduce a study not help in obtaining a broad consensus. of risk in a more comprehensive way. The one standard that could be construed as Mel Gedruj, OAA, CSPM is an Ontario Licensed municipally oriented, since it was adopted by Architect and Certified Security project manager the American Water Wastewater Association specializing in municipal security management planning.
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CANADA’S GLOBAL DEFENCE & SECURITY TRADE SHOW MAY 25-26, 2016 EY Centre, Ottawa PRODUCED BY:
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16 Security Education
the school of life
It’s a matter of educating students on the fundamentals while making sure they have the critical thinking skills to adapt to the new realities of professional security
By Neil Sutton
I
t’s almost a truism that most successful people are lifelong learners, but everybody’s got to start somewhere. For many security professionals, their formal education starts with a college program like Protection, Security and Investigation (PSI), and they will continue to grow and learn as they enter the workforce. That starting point can be critical though, and helps set the stage for what transpires next. Keeping a PSI program vital, useful and in tune with the “real world” requires a steady hand on the tiller. For Daniel Schwartz, PSI coordinator at Humber College in Toronto, the best preparation for students is one that combines two approaches that, at first glance, follow different philosophies. “In one way, you want students to be more and more specialized and we want them to become experts in particular areas,” says Schwartz. “On the other hand, there’s a very broad and competing trend towards what I would call generalization: we want to produce students who are good critical thinkers and good generalists.” Security requires some very specific skill sets, and any PSI curriculum must necessarily instil the basics in students. But successful professionals need to think on their feet. They also need to digest a lot of information and parse out what’s important and why,.says Schwartz. “Facts are kind of cheap these
days,” he says. The immediacy of information, just by searching on your phone, means practically anybody can answer some simple questions at any given time. More importantly, “it’s the person who’s able to synthesize all this information, to boil it down to something that’s coherent and easily digestible — that’s the kind of student that we want to produce.” Gary Galbraith, program coordinator for the Graduate Certificate in Emergency Management at Sheridan College, agrees that critical thinking is an important component of a wellrounded security education, particularly since there is a premium on businessbased skills. “You have to be cognizant you need
to have skills as much as curriculum,” says Galbraith. “We’re teaching students in terms of skill sets: research skills, critical analysis...” The educators also need to adopt this adaptive approach, argues Galbraith. They need to be in tune with what employers are looking for in new hires and the broad mix of skills that security professionals need to tap into in order to get ahead. The fundamentals are still there of course, whether it’s an understanding of the legal framework for evidence collection, interviewing techniques or use of force but “we also have to address the 21st century skills that students need,” says Galbraith. One of the main ways that Fleming
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security education 17 College keeps abreast of those must-have skills is by going straight to the source. Nancy Newton, PSI co-ordinator at Peterborough, Ont.based Fleming, relies on a program advisor committee to help ensure that the curriculum is on target. Made up of senior security leaders from a variety of fields (health-care, retail, education, logistics, public sector, etc.), the committee represents a sizeable portion of what the profession is all about today. “If you don’t have a wide variety of knowledge in all different areas of security, then you’re lacking,” says Newton. Whether it’s course content that helps develop the all-important business-based skills or the ability to be an effective communicator or writer, the curriculum is geared towards effective preparation for the security labour market. Fleming students are encouraged to take a holistic view of project work. One aspect of the curriculum requires they conduct a threat risk assessment at a pre-determined facility and prepare a detailed written report for that client. Cyber-security goals There may be some academic subject variance from school to school — Newton, for example, recently added an intensive 15-week course on asset protection — but some topics are having an undeniable influence practically across the board. The role of cyber security and the ability to work effectively with IT security professionals, for example, has entered course curriculum for many security educators. But it must be done in such a way as to best serve the student whose goals are geared towards a career in physical security. PSI students won’t be expected to become outright digital security specialists, but the role of information security is growing, says Schwartz, who is in the midst of developing a new curriculum that will embrace those aspects of security. “We’re not training our students to be computer scientists,
and how to make arrests when they’re but we want them to have a basic going to put them behind a desk to understanding of information security crunch numbers,” he says. and cyber security,” he says. There are still some prospective “We’ve had to address the cyber students who see security as a conduit component as a major area, but not just to uniformed police work and will not on its own,” adds Galbraith. “We’re be dissuaded from that perspective. trying to address cyber security and Security as a career isn’t always well cyber threats in a holistic fashion and understood by high schoolers, but the how they integrate with traditional PSI program can be an eye-opening practices in security and investigations. experience, says Newton. “When they And also the new challenges that hear about where the [PSI] program can this type of technology poses to take them, I usually organizations.” have a huge influx of Cyber security, “We have to address students from police then, is becoming foundations switching part of this more fluid the 21st century skills over. approach to security “It’s not, any education — one that students need.” more, just a steppingthat moves with the — Gary Galbraith, stone to policing,” she times and maximizes Sheridan College adds. “I don’t think the potential of the I have any students students to take who want to be police advantage of jobs that officers. They’re doing their homework. may not have existed 10 or even five They know where PSI is taking them.” years ago. In some ways the security world is changing so quickly that students Police work may be faced with challenges that are Students may end up working the police, surprising to them when they enter the says Schwartz, but probably not in the work force. But that doesn’t represent a way they imagined when they were still failing on the part of the educator or the in high school. There are inevitably some student. On the contrary, the profession students who enrol in security at the is being shaped by the security managers college level with the end goal of joining and directors that are bringing new a police service — and for those that skills and out-of-the-box thinking to chose a Police Foundations program, their roles. that pull is even stronger — but not all Jobs in general are becoming less of them will realize that goal. There are rote, less black and white, argues alternatives, says Schwartz. Jobs that Galbraith, allowing people more were once occupied by police officers autonomy and greater latitude. Some may now be accomplished by civilians of that trend stems from the increasing working for police. professionalization of security where Schwartz is very familiar with the security department becomes more this “civilianization” of some police integral to an organization’s broader functions. Prior to joining Humber in goals. By helping to reduce or manage 2014 he was a criminal intelligence risk, security is more about forward analyst for the Criminal Intelligence momentum and less about placing Service Ontario (CISO), a partnership limitations. between the Ontario government and “It’s just a great time to enter the law enforcement, working against industry,” says Galbraith. “There’s organized crime. never been so many opportunities, “I think policing agencies, and other but those opportunities are less rigidly public agencies, are realizing more defined than they were perhaps a and more that they don’t need to train generation ago.” people in use of force, how to use a gun @SecurityEd • March/April 2016
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18 retail security
scanning for scams exception reporting it’s hard to see the pattern.” A retailer’s first line of defence against return fraud is having a good returns policy, says Rui Rodrigues, a Torontoention retail theft, and most of us think based loss prevention and retail professional and former first of shoplifting. But while shoplifters national director of loss prevention at Staples Canada. head straight for an exit, other retail Procedures should be clearly stated and staff trained so that thieves head for the nearest cash register those procedures are always followed. — anxious to swap the goods for cash. Some fraudulent transactions, he says, can be prevented by Fraudulent returns put a huge insisting that returns always be made to the same method of dent in retailers’ profits every year. According to the Retail purchase. This is particularly important with online returns, Council of Canada, merchandise return fraud last year cost he says. Online shoppers sometimes use false the Canadian retail industry between $1.1 credit cards to buy an item and then request and $1.7 billion. Retailers must constantly the return to a different card. Online retailers adapt their policies and seek effective ways “If retailers don’t should make sure a credit goes back to the to identify the criminals, often operating in make that investment same credit or debit card used to buy the item organized rings, all the time trying not to to prevent this kind of fraud. deter legitimate customers. in technology, they’re Stores should also have a firm policy on “Best practices are always evolving,” says non-receipted returns. Rodrigues agrees with Don Berezowski, divisional vice-president, behind the curve.” Berezowski that issuing merchandise cards loss prevention and health and safety, at — Rui Rodrigues, is a possible alternative, especially where a Toronto-based Sears Canada. “During the loss prevention professional retailer fears offending legitimate customers last 10 years, retailers have had to change a by refusing all no-bill refunds. lot of things.” The proviso here, however, Rodrigues One big change most retailers have adds, is that some people may take a store made is introducing a policy requiring merchandise card, buy something and then try to return the proof of purchase, he says. Five to 10 years ago, it was very new item for cash because the receipt often looks like a cash easy for a return fraudster to go into a store, steal an item bill. For that reason, it’s important to make sure staff are and, without any bill, return it for cash. trained to be aware that the receipts may look similar and “There was a time when these organized rings were hitting know they must not return cash for a store merchandise card. us for millions of dollars, so most retailers have made a For higher-value items, he says, one method of preventing change that you can’t just come in without a bill and get cash. fraudulent returns is to introduce a restocking fee. Knowing At Sears Canada, we said, if you don’t have a bill, you get a they will have to pay $25, for example, and not receive the full merchandise gift card, which means you cannot get cash for it. credit, will deter many criminals. You’ll see that with other retailers, as well: it’s very difficult to Retailers should invest in their point-of-sales systems to get cash now,” he says. reduce refund fraud, Rodrigues says. For example, a store can Retailers should also have extensive exception reporting protect itself against people who duplicate receipts and then tools, Berezowski says. “We monitor all types of refunds and use them to return items they have just picked up by installing look for trends. A fraudster doesn’t use his own name but often technology at the POS system that will not allow a return uses the same information: the same address but a different on a transaction number already used for a refund. “That name or different phone numbers but the same address. eliminates a whole part of the counterfeit receipt fraud,” he Through software we’ve developed, we’re able to monitor says. “Most retailers should be doing that, but it’s surprising those folks and try to identify them. In most cases the people how many don’t.” doing return fraud are hitting store after store, but without that
By Linda Johnson
M
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retail security 19
It’s also important to have software at the POS that will track activity by product, geographic area or purchase method. “It’s critical for retailers to have the alerts and the awareness to know where to target their efforts. And if retailers don’t make that investment in technology, knowing the bad guys are technology-savvy, they’re behind the curve,” he says. Once a company has established its return policies, he adds, it’s essential they stick to them and support sales associates who follow them. “The organization needs to take a stand: our policy is our policy, and we don’t deviate. Too often, the message comes down that, if a customer argues loudly enough, the corporate office will overturn that decision. Organizations need to support their policies and not acquiesce to the upset customer.” A recent survey on consumer returns in the U.S. indicated retailers are becoming more stringent in their refund policies, says Robert Moraca, vice-president of loss prevention at the National Retail Federation (NRF) in Washington, D.C. The survey, issued in December, found that more than 20 per cent of retailers were tightening up their return policy. For example, 85 per cent of retailers said they now ask for proof of identity with non-receipt returns. Generally, Moraca adds, refund fraud increases after holiday shopping times. This past Christmas was no
exception, with the amount of return fraud in line with previous years. The big difference was the reported increase in false returns done with e-receipts. Criminals have discovered they can create counterfeit receipts for online purchases. By going to a company website to get their logo, they can make up a fairly official-looking receipt and then show up at the store with a stolen item. “Now, the cashier has to make a tough decision. ‘It looks like a receipt, but I haven’t seen this one before.’ Often, the retailer will think, maybe that’s what came through shipping. They don’t know every receipt that every shipper sends. So they take it,” he says. “The organized retail gangs are getting more sophisticated in their efforts.” “Wardrobing” refers to the practice, common among apparel retailers, of buying something, using it and then returning it. In the NRF survey, 72.6 per cent of respondents said they had experienced this type of fraud. “The piece of clothing will still have a tag on it, and they have a receipt for it,” says Ravinder Sangha, marketing manager at Richmond, B.C.-based Halo Metrics. “It’s a free rental of the outfit, so to speak. And with the return policy that most retailers have, they will most likely accept the item — unless there’s a red flag, such as a big wine stain on the outfit.” For the retailer, he adds, the problem is that items that show wear will be more difficult to sell, and they may be compelled @SecurityEd • March/April 2016
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20 retail security to discount them, affecting the profitability of the business. growth being driven primarily by the ever-increasing popularity Wardrobing is most effectively prevented by attaching of online shopping. Online fraud is safer and easier in large part some kind of tag to a visible part of the clothing. For example, because the perpetrator doesn’t have to use up eight hours of Sangha says, Halo Metric’s “Shark Tag” is a red security tag their day visiting retail store fronts to conduct a fraud. that the retailer clips onto an item in a “Refund fraud today is clearly migrating prominent place, such as the neckline. The to omni,” he says. “As the online space disposable tag is designed to be taken home continues to grow and change the way the “The organized retail and cut off by the user. consumer interacts, refund fraud will grow “Most of the time, you want a security exponentially just because the space is so gangs are getting more tag to be discreet. You don’t want to much bigger.” sophisticated in their overpower the item that it’s protecting Moraca agrees refund fraud is on the rise. because the retailer will say it makes the For the first time in 21 years, he says, citing efforts.” display look ugly. But for this tag, it’s totally NRF survey figures, organized retail crime — Robert Moraca, National the opposite. You want it to be very visible.” has outnumbered reported internal store Retail Federation At the same time, the store should thefts. have a clearly stated return policy that the “That’s significant. Organized retail garment cannot be returned if the tag is crime seems to be increasing, and as that not attached. In fact, Sangha adds, some increases, you’re going to see an increase in retailers will attach a small card to the tag stating the tag must return fraud because that’s where they make their money. It’s be in place for a return. Along with that policy, store staff a crime of conversion, converting stolen property to cash,” he must be trained to look out for wardrobing examples and says. “At the end of the day, that’s what they want.” refuse to do a return unless the tag is on. Refund fraud is a growing problem, Rodrigues says, with the Linda Johnson is a freelance writer based in Toronto.
Why you should attend: • Learn how to put drones to work — patrolling, scanning and perimeter defence • What happens if an unfriendly drone enters your airspace? Prepare for aerial encounters • Regulatory advice you can use — know the rules before you fly
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March/April 2016 • www.canadiansecuritymag.com
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By Derek Knights
Book review 21
Tomorrow’s problems today Future Crimes
By Mark Goodman Anchor Canada ISBN 9780385682589
B
efore he wrote his book, became a sought-after speaker, founded the “Future Crimes Institute,” or consulted with Interpol and the FBI, Mark Goodman was a police officer who entered the cybercrime world the same way many of us did. His boss called him out of the squad room and to his office and asked how to spellcheck in WordPerfect. That led to his becoming the go-to tech guy in his LAPD Division and from there to numerous other achievements. His book reads like part-thriller, part-National Enquirer. There are myriad tales where the reader may say, “That can’t be true,” but it turns out they are. And many of them appeal to our inherent love of scandal and schadenfreude. It is also a sobering wake-up call to the InfoSec and PhySec professionals out there who move so much slower than the speed of technology. He starts with Wired reporter Mat Honan and how a hacker who “liked his Twitter handle” almost destroyed his life. That hacker started with one simple bit of information, and deduced other passwords, accounts, etc., which ultimately gave him total access. Honan chronicled the episode in a cover story for Wired in December 2012. Goodman proceeds from there through horror stories describing what users give away when they click “I have read and agree to the Terms of Service” (one British gaming site claimed the user’s “immortal soul”, hopefully as a joke) to how cyber-weapons are like a bomb you can use over and over again. He touches on social media cyber-stalking cases (including some bullying cases Canadians will remember), and also how social media-enabled terrorism occurs. Terrorists in Mumbai followed police countermeasures through social media, which is actually nothing new — Black September terrorists observed Munich police on live TV taking positions to end the Olympic hostage taking in 1972 — except the latter was accidental and the former planned. One of the most common physical security/public interfaces is the pre-boarding security screening at the airport. Again, there is convergence with technology here — namely X-ray scanners and metal detectors. But what if you could hack those? Goodman also describes an incident with the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration in Alaska, where hackers got into air traffic control. “Why even bother worry about piddly airport X-ray machines if the goal is to cause a major air disaster?” But why, you ask, am I reviewing yet another book on the
cyber world? Because the PhySec community needs to pick up the pace and start leading in some areas. At least two I can think of right away are drones and robots. Goodman specifically discusses the explosive growth of both of these and points out the havoc hackers controlling them can cause. It’s not much of a stretch to jump from electronic flying peeping-Toms to enabling robot “eyes” (movable cameras) to replace industrial spies to hackers reprogramming robots to destroy rather than create products on an assembly line — the new saboteur. Goodman’s book is more than 300 pages long and I touched on only about a dozen of them here. Security leaders of today (and especially those of tomorrow) need to keep out-thinking the adversary, who is rapidly surpassing the locks/guns/guards programs so many of us still hold dear. Derek Knights, CPP, CISSP, CFE CIPP/C, PCI, is the senior manager, strategic initiatives, global security and investigations, at the TD Bank Group (www. tdbank.com).
Lawyer,
Mediator
Author of Visual
Evidence
Elliott Goldstein, Cell: 416.315.0066
& B.A., J.D.
elgold@rogers.com
Mediation of Disputes - Commercial, Shareholder, Employment. Litigation to Collect Debts or Defend Customer Lawsuits. Alarm Installation & Monitoring Contracts, Employment Agreements. Minute Book Reviews and Updates, Incorporations. Wills, Powers of Attorney for Property and Personal Care. Video Surveillance Law Seminars, Forensic Video Analysis Law.
www.videoevidence.ca 45 Redondo Drive, Thornhill (Vaughan), ON, Canada L4J 7S7
Fax: 905.597.6226 @SecurityEd • March/April 2016
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22 product focus Identity Management Building automation platform
Digital credential
Paxton net10 delivers out of the box access control, IP video management and building automation to streamline the management of buildings. Using conventional RFID tokens or Bluetooth smart devices, the system offers tools for giving specific permissions to individuals and groups of people. It works in conjunction with all types of IP cameras in order to facilitate live viewing and the recording of video footage. It also interfaces with existing building infrastructure for a high level of control over lighting, heating, air conditioning, intruder and fire alarms. net10 is suitable for projects of all sizes. The system is managed using a highly intuitive web-interface meaning there’s no software to install or upgrade. www.paxton-access.com
Brivo Brivo Mobile Pass is a digital credential solution that lets users unlock doors with their smartphones. As an enhancement to the existing Brivo OnAir access control system, customers can immediately distribute mobile credentials to their entire user population without any on-premise equipment changes. Available now on both iOS and Android, Brivo’s Mobile Pass Application delivers access control via smartphones without having to install new door readers. Brivo Mobile Pass serves as a mobile complement to physical keycards and readers, and is fully interoperable with existing door reader technologies. From a workflow perspective, the Brivo OnAir administrator selects a user and creates a Brivo Mobile Pass invitation that is delivered via email. The user then clicks the “Add” button to activate Brivo Mobile Pass on their phone. www.brivo.com
Integrated entry systems
Telecom PIAM solution
Aiphone Aiphone introduces a series of integrated HID multiCLASS SE readers for their IS, IX, and JP Series audio/video entry systems. HID multiCLASS SE readers are part of HID Global’s iCLASS SE platform for secure, adaptable and interoperable access control. These 13.56 MHz, contactless readers support a variety of form factors including; cards, fobs, and mobile devices. The embedded readers allow video door stations to integrate with new or existing access control systems. Aiphone’s IX Series allows buildings, parking facilities, and large campuses to improve staff efficiency by controlling security needs from either a central location or remote user. www.aiphone.com
Quantum Secure The SAFE for Telecom software suite is a physical identity and access management (PIAM) solution designed to streamline the lifecycle of physical identities and automate related processes to protect telecom data centres and other highrisk premises from unauthorized access. SAFE for Telecom also provides strong predictive analysis using data collected from multiple disparate systems to generate actionable intelligence that allows telecom end users to take proactive steps and potentially prevent security risks before they can occur. www.quantumsecure.com
Access control panel
Security management system
Sielox The 1700 Controller has been designed with all logic built into its field-programmable processor allowing for fast design changes to accommodate new features and enables field updates. A built-in SD card stores a backup of all configuration data, allowing for instant recovery in the event of a failure. The entire access database can also be downloaded onto the SD card to facilitate access operation in the event of network failure. Among the enhancements to the 1700 Controller are improved IP network performance and enhanced wireless lock solutions. The controller features on-board Ethernet to bring true IP connectivity all the way to the processor. The 1700 Controller is compatible with a wide range of wireless locking systems. www.sielox.com
Johnson Controls The P2000 security management system, known for integrating video surveillance, fire alarms and building management systems, now offers more options. Enhanced features include web-based alarm management, geo-location mapping, enhanced video technology, and mobile compatibility to Google Android devices. The web-based alarm manager allows operators to see and respond to all alarms inside a facility or throughout their campus. Geo-location mapping features help users view, understand and manage what is happening in specific locations in real-time. New case management functionality also links photos, video clips, and documentation to specific alarms or security events. www.johnsoncontrols.com/security
Ad Index Bosch 11 www.boschsecurity.com/hdsecurity Canasa 9 www.securitycanadaexpo.com Cansec 15 www.canseccanada.ca Commissionaires 2 www.commissionaires.ca Elliot Goldstein 21 www.videoevidence.ca
Focus On HID Paladin Salto Systems
20 www.focusonseries.ca 23 www.hidglobal.com 6, 7 www.paladinsecurity.com 24 www.saltosystems.ca
March/April 2016 • www.canadiansecuritymag.com
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CS_MarA
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© 2016 HID Global Corporation/ASSA ABLOY AB. All rights reserved. HID, HID Global, the HID Blue Brick logo, and the Chain Design are trademarks or registered trademarks of HID Global or its licensor(s)/supplier(s) in the US and other countries and may not be used without permission.
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