ABPL20033 Construction Analysis Assignment 2: Flipbook

ABPL20033 - Construction Analysis, Semester 2 - 2018 Dr Alberto Pugnale – Subject coordinator Dr Sofia Colabella – Senior Tutor Aleks Baltovski – Tutor Girvan Christian Tenggono, 917833, 04/08/2018 Queenscliff House - John Wardle Architects, Tutorial 10 ASSIGNMENT 2

FLIPBOOK SECTION 2D: construction stages, details and annotations

Stage 01: Footings/Retainment and Services Pipes Layout

Initial Preparation Signs and fences are put around construction zone to screen people out.

the

Heavy equipments are brought to the site.

Traffic management is done, and Hard stand consisting of gravel is put on site to provide support for the sandy soil on-site so that heavy equipments can enter the site without any risk of tipping over.

https://goo.gl/RhfJtj

Site Set-out The site is cleaned from previous structure and existing vegetation to allow construction to start. Services are stopped so temporary services needs to be provided.

Service lines such as electricity, water, gas, and sewage are located and marked with spray paint prior to excavation to prevent damaging the lines.

Pipe connectors are installed for service installation later on.

1 S01 https://goo.gl/7tYJyx

https://goo.gl/VxtDwR

Excavation Excavation is started with heavy equipments or/and manual labour, depending on the expected result.

For instance small excavators are used for the trenches.

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TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

03/08/2018

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GROUND FLOOR PLAN FOR AREA A

Excavation The are next to the house is excavated using a large excavator to put the water tank.

Safety: Mesh Barricade

RL 15.800

To prevent workers falling from taller edges

Footing location

FFL 12.100

Prior to pouring concrete to the site, the footings are dug accordingly.

FFL 9.070

GIRVAN CHRISTIAN TENGGONO 917833

ASSIGNMENT 2

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

12/08/2018

Case Study: name; Architect: name of the Architect p. 3

1:50 on A3

SECTION 3A

Stage 02: Ground Floor Support

Slump Test

Compaction: Vibrator

Prior to pouring the concrete, a slump test is done on site to check whether if the concrete brought is reliable

The poured concrete would be vibrated to remove air using a vibrator. This eliminates segregation, where concrete and aggregate would separate.

https://goo.gl/7tYJyx https://goo.gl/hQyxGv

In-Situ Concrete Wall Formwork

1

Footing details 1. Strip Footing + In-Situ Concrete Wall

Starter Bar

Boarding

Termite Cap / Moisture Barrier

2

Concrete Wall

Concrete Wall

Studs

Brick Pier

Wedge Timber Spacer

Reinforcement Footing

Bolt and Nut

1 S02

Temporary Bracing

2. Pad Footing Brick Pier Horizontal Bracing

Termite Cap / Moisture Barrier Stump

The concrete would reach maximum strength after being cured for 28 days.

The timber board used for the formwork was “141x25 fine sawn/ back-sawn Oregon boards”

GIRVAN CHRISTIAN TENGGONO 917833

ASSIGNMENT 1

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

03/08/2018

ABPL20033 - 2018, Name Surname | 654123 |T number, Tutor’s name and surname p. 4

1:50 on A3

Footing

N

GROUND FLOOR PLAN FOR AREA A

Concrete pouring The concrete are poured using the concrete pump. The workers would pour the concrete from the furthest location to the street.

Concrete Stump Concrete Stumps are put into the footing while the footing have not hardened.

Termite cap would be placed onto it before putting the joist on it to prevent termite infestation on the timber deck.

RL 15.800

Some stumps and bearers are put before finishing the in-situ walls. From analysis it could be extrapolated that this would make the job more difficult as the worker’s movement are more constricted due to the wooden framing being around.

FFL 12.100

Safety: Capping Starter-bars and other steel elements that are protruding from the ground is capped to prevent injuries.

In-Situ concrete wall The concrete walls are rebuilt since it does not achieve a clean finish. This is due to the heat of the sun, cupping the wooden formworks allowing the concrete to seep out from the wooden panel’s seams.

FFL 9.070

Mesh Reinforcement Provides tensile strength to the concrete.

Concrete can resist compression but not tensile force.

GIRVAN CHRISTIAN TENGGONO 917833

ASSIGNMENT 2

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

12/08/2018

Case Study: name; Architect: name of the Architect p. 5

1:50 on A3

SECTION 3A

Stage 03: Ground Floor and Preparation for Building Frame

Decking detail Carpet Yellowtongue Particle Board Insulation Joist Bearer Termite Capping/Moisture Barrier Stump

Yellowtongue particle boar is used for the cover due to its light mass and high durability. The load from the particle board are distributed onto the joist, bearer then carried on to the stump. Deck insulation are put in prior to the installation of the yellowtongue particle board. This provides passive thermal benefit to the building where the insulated area will reduce heat gain in Summer and reduce heat loss in Winter.

Decking detail - Service piping Ceramic Tile Yellowtongue Particle Board Insulation Joist Bearer 1 Trap

S03

Stump

Footing

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TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

03/08/2018

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Pipes which are pulled out prior to excavation are brought through the deck using PVC pipes.

Sewage pipes are run through the deck. Traps are installed to prevent water and sewer gasses entering the building.

GROUND FLOOR PLAN FOR AREA A

Multiple Timber Element

RL 15.800

The area carrying more load will use additional joist or/and bearers. Furthermore, larger pad footings will also be used.

Flooring Yellowtongue particle board flooring are being installed. The board is moisture resistant as it is impregnated with wax and is made with engineered wood which is laminated with foil, improving the R value of the floor system. The tongue colour informs the thickness of the sheet. Yellowtongue refers to the one with the 19mm thickness.

Particleboard Tongue

FFL 12.100

FFL 9.070

Brick Pier The Brick piers are also used to rest the bearers.

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ASSIGNMENT 2

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

12/08/2018

Case Study: name; Architect: name of the Architect p. 7

1:50 on A3

SECTION 3A

Stage 04: Framing and Preparation for Suspended Floor

Wooden Member The stud wall frames are built on site by workers using sawn timber. Then the frames are erected, propped temporarily until the frames are able to support itself. The frames are fixed to the bearers using galvanised strap.

1. Framing Construction on ground. Noggins are put to resist shear and provide spacing for studs

2. Frame erection by workers

3. Frame braced and strapped to hold structure

Stud-Wall Details Plywood Bracing

Nails Plywood Bracing

Stud at 450CTS Noggin

1 S03

Galvanised Strap looped over and fixed to stud

Strap Bracing

Tensile Galvanise strap fixed to plate Stud at 450CTS

Steel Member: Square Hollow Section (SHS) SHS are used to prepare for the suspended floor framing as columns. The square shape allows the member to carry concentric load effectively. The steel is galvanised due to the site being on coastal area with high salt spray which promotes corrosion.

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Noggin

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

03/08/2018

ABPL20033 - 2018, Name Surname | 654123 |T number, Tutor’s name and surname p. 8

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GROUND FLOOR PLAN FOR AREA A

Nailing To secure the bracing, bothy the plywood and the galvanised strap are fixed unto the stud by nailing

Cutting

RL 15.800

Timber strips are cut on site prior to the construction of the stud walls

Propping The timbers are held in place by props

FFL 12.100

FFL 9.070

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ASSIGNMENT 2

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

12/08/2018

Case Study: name; Architect: name of the Architect p. 9

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SECTION 3A

Stage 05: Suspended Flooring

Steel Member: Universal Beams (UB) The primary support for the Suspended flooring frame. The web (vertical element)resists shear forces, while the flanges (horizontal element) resist most of the bending moment experienced by the beam, which makes the beams suited for heavy load. The steel is galvanised due to the site being on coastal area with high salt spray which promotes corrosion.

Web Flange

Steel Member: Parallel Flange Channel (PFC) The PFC has similar use to the UB, on the site it is used at the edge of the steel structure. The deep area allows more connection to the web. Again, the steel is galvanised due to the site being on coastal area with high salt spray which promotes corrosion.

Web Flange

Access.

To access the suspended floor, temporary stairs are made and scaffold are constructed to add accessibility.

1 S03

Temporary Stairs

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ASSIGNMENT 1

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

03/08/2018

ABPL20033 - 2018, Name Surname | 654123 |T number, Tutor’s name and surname p. 10

Scaffolding

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GROUND FLOOR PLAN FOR AREA A

Suspended Floor Detail Timber Floor on Yellowtongue particle board Insulation Hyjoist Engineered I joist

RL 15.800

Ceiling Batten

Hyjoist engineered I joist are strong and lightweight, and easy for installation. The joist, however, is not suitable for weather exposed application and ground contact application.

The timber cannot be treated hence is only used for the indoor suspended joist system.

Welding Steel members are weld on site. The cantilever here is supported by welding a cleat plate from a UB then bolting it unto a hyspan beam (which is a structural laminated veneer lumber)

FFL 12.100

FFL 9.070

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ASSIGNMENT 2

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

12/08/2018

Case Study: name; Architect: name of the Architect p. 11

1:50 on A3

SECTION 3A

Stage 06: Suspended Floor Framing and Roof framing preparation Service Rough in: Downpipe The installation of the downpipe is done roughly prior to the roof cover and gutter. Unlike other services, downpipes are generally started from the top of the structure to the bottom.

Downpipe Example

Steel member: SHS The SHS shown on the plan are the members where the roof frame will be welded on.

Safety: Temporary Balustrade

Service Roughing: Active Thermal System.

Empty strips on the floor are left for the hydronic trench to be installed later on.

1 S03

GIRVAN CHRISTIAN TENGGONO 917833

ASSIGNMENT 1

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

03/08/2018

ABPL20033 - 2018, Name Surname | 654123 |T number, Tutor’s name and surname p. 12

1:50 on A3

N

GROUND FLOOR PLAN FOR AREA A

Cutting The suspended floor frames are cut and assembled on the suspended floor. This provides easier workflow for the workers as compared to bringing the built frame from the ground floor. The frame dimension need to be precise prior to roof framing.

This is also due to the fact that steel members are involved (roof column and lintel) and mistakes are relatively more costly when steel members are involved.

RL 15.800

Stud Wall detail RL 15.800

Jack Stud (over) Lintel

FFL 12.100

Opening

Jack Stud (under)

FFL 12.100

Safety: Temporary Balustrade To stop workers from falling and getting injured.

FFL 9.070

FFL 9.070

GIRVAN CHRISTIAN TENGGONO 917833

ASSIGNMENT 2

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

12/08/2018

1:50 on A3

SECTION 3A

Case Study: name; Architect: name of the Architect p. 13

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TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

Stage 07: Roof Framing Steel member connection: SHS to UB Connections from SHS to UB are made on these spots to provide roof frames. Connection are typically done using this detail.

Cap plate

UB/UC/PFC Cleat Plate

Bolt SHS

1 S03

SHS to UB connection shown in the red circle

Welding: Preparation Preparation for welding includes: 1. Scraping the steel clean from materials that can inhibit electrical connection created by the welder 2. Wiping the metal with acetone to remove additional material that inhibits good weld 3. Drying the metal 4. Ensuring the welding equipment is well connected and in proper working order.

GIRVAN CHRISTIAN TENGGONO 917833

ASSIGNMENT 1

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

03/08/2018

ABPL20033 - 2018, Name Surname | 654123 |T number, Tutor’s name and surname p. 14

1:50 on A3

N

GROUND FLOOR PLAN FOR AREA A

Welding Workers need to wear protective clothing which includes: - Welding helmet: to protect eyes and face from the bright sparks that can blind an/or burn.

- Heavy duty welding gloves: to protect hands from electrical shock, heat and radiation - Leather apron: to prevent clothing from burning.

RL 15.800 Welding is done in circular motion while using hit and miss approach on long members where material is saved while maintaining strength.

However, from analysis the steel members on the roof structure are joined using cleat plate.

Hence, hit and miss weld connection example are not found.

Accessibility In addition to using ladders, a mobile scaffold is constructed on the suspended floor.

FFL 12.100

FFL 9.070

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ASSIGNMENT 2

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

12/08/2018

Case Study: name; Architect: name of the Architect p. 15

1:50 on A3

SECTION 3A

Stage 08: Roof Cover and Gutter

Cladding: Roof Roof pitch and cover orientation are determined to direct water to the gutters and downpipe. On this area the roof used is: Lysaght ‘Trimdeck Hi Ten’ metal sheet roofing Finish: Stainless Steel Colour: Winspray BMT: 0.48 mm

https://goo.gl/BxkLg1

The corrugated roofing is overlapped to prevent water from flowing in. Sarking is applied underneath the roofing material to prevent moisture from building up on the timber batten underneath.

Gutter Gutter size are also dependant on the volume of water. An overflow is typically located on the end to prevent water overflow that may cause structural damage.

1 S03

GIRVAN CHRISTIAN TENGGONO 917833

ASSIGNMENT 1

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

03/08/2018

ABPL20033 - 2018, Name Surname | 654123 |T number, Tutor’s name and surname p. 16

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N

GROUND FLOOR PLAN FOR AREA A

Insulation: Roof Sarking In addition to providing isolation so that moisture do not enter the timber batten causing structural damage, sarking provides further insulation to the structure increasing the R value.

Furthermore the Sarking will prevent the treated timber (if treated) causing corrosion to the roofing. If the chemical used for treating is not compatible, rusting will occur

Gutter Installation

RL 15.800

Proper screws should be used to prevent corrosion. If two dissimilar metals are placed together in the presence of water (the electrolyte), an electrolytic circuit is created and one of the metals will start corroding.

This also applies to the metal roofing and beams. However, there is less concern for the beams since all the beams in the house are galvanized. However, weathering and age will eventually corrode the steel as the zinc layer is removed if no proper maintenance is done.

FFL 12.100

Safety: Temporary Balustrade

FFL 9.070

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ASSIGNMENT 2

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

12/08/2018

Case Study: name; Architect: name of the Architect p. 17

1:50 on A3

SECTION 3A

Stage 09: Ceiling and External Cladding

External Cladding: Timber Facade Grade 1 Spotted Gum Timber cladding was used. Covered to prevent damage, left untreated to achieve a weathered finish.

Fixing is done on-site where workers would fix the boards individually in place.

Application of the construction innovation could be implemented here where the cladding could be fabricated in panels to reduce labour time, thus reducing cost.

1 S03

GIRVAN CHRISTIAN TENGGONO 917833

ASSIGNMENT 1

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

03/08/2018

ABPL20033 - 2018, Name Surname | 654123 |T number, Tutor’s name and surname p. 18

1:50 on A3

N

GROUND FLOOR PLAN FOR AREA A

Insulation: Ceiling Prior to finishing the ceiling, insulation is put to increase the thermal resistance of the house.

On the ceiling area “Bradford R4.0 gold batts” is used to cover the ceiling.

Edges are also covered to prevent thermal bridge where heat could escape from the building, reducing it’s insulation effectiveness.

RL 15.800

Service Rough in: Electrical and Plumbing Service connections are roughly brought into the stud wall, ceiling and suspended floor structure. This is done prior to wall covering to make it easier for inspection and alteration. For timber stud walls timber studs are holed to let the service run through. If services run through steel members, they would usually have a hole with plastic seal around it to prevent the hole cutting open the service line.

FFL 12.100

External Cladding: Timber ceiling The ceiling finish follows the timber facade cladding: Grade 1 spotted Gum Timber.

FFL 9.070

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ASSIGNMENT 2

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

12/08/2018

Case Study: name; Architect: name of the Architect p. 19

1:50 on A3

SECTION 3A

Stage 10: Services, Insulation and Plasterboard Insulation: Wall Insulation are put on the stud walls that comes in contact with the outdoors. “R3.2 2xR1.6 Bradford Soundscreen batts” insulation is used to cover the wall.

Stud walls that only separate rooms are not insulated. However, the interior walls could be insulated to complement the hydronic active thermal system to do room zoning. Zoning could provide further energy efficiency.

Insulation works by having air pockets which reduces heat transfer. The insulation will be cut according to its size and will be fitted into the gaps in-between the timber frames.

Service: Fitting After insulation and drywalls are installed ,electrician, plumber, and other tradespeople return and install the end-point devices, such as outlets, lights, and light switches (electrician) and sink, shower, bathtub (plumber).

Services example: 1 S03

Concealed toilet (plumbing)

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TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

03/08/2018

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Cable ends (electrical)

1:50 on A3

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GROUND FLOOR PLAN FOR AREA A

Drywall/Plasterboard: Installation After insulation and insulation have been put in the wall, the stud wall will be covered by plasterboard before it gets the finishing treatment. The process would be: 1. Workers would cut the plasterboard to size 2. Trick plasterer, which is a half height plasterboard sheet is installed on the bottom of the wall to keep the plasterboard joint above and below the line of sight.

3. Stud adhesive are put on the timber stud 4. The plasterboard would be installed from the bottom up, nailed in each process 5. To remove shadow lines the plasterboard gaps and the screw areas are plastered and sanded prior to painting

RL 15.800

Walls prior to plaster-boarding

Walls after plaster-boarding

Services: Hydronic Active Thermal System The trench hydronic heating involves no forced air draft since the warm air will come up from the trenches and rise up. Thus, this creates a system where the heating will be more energy efficient and friendly for allergy sufferer.

FFL 12.100

Drywall/Plasterboard: Blinding The construction method allows the wall finish not showing any shadow lines.

FFL 9.070

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ASSIGNMENT 2

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

12/08/2018

Case Study: name; Architect: name of the Architect p. 21

1:50 on A3

SECTION 3A

Stage 11: Windows and Doors

Windows Double Glazed windows are used to increase the insulation of the house. This provides energy efficiency and an additional benefit of noise reduction. The vacuum or gas in between the glass window pane will reduce heat transfer significantly.

Double Glazed Window Diagram Glass Seal Window Frame Spacer Windowsill

1

Doors: Internal

S03

Internal doors should have a minimum unobstructed 820mm width and minimal 1000mm passageways. Refer to AS 1428.1 for specific dimensions as room type varies.

Doors: External The external doors should provide insulation by eliminating draft, thus, increasing the R value of the house.

GIRVAN CHRISTIAN TENGGONO 917833

ASSIGNMENT 1

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

03/08/2018

ABPL20033 - 2018, Name Surname | 654123 |T number, Tutor’s name and surname p. 22

1:50 on A3

N

GROUND FLOOR PLAN FOR AREA A

Window: Installation Windows are cut and made off site, brought in and fitted into the designed frame.

Glass are covered to prevent scratches during transport and will be removed after installation.

RL 15.800

Roller Blinds Roller blinds are installed hidden from sight. Blinds are used to keep off direct sunlight during summer and will slightly reduce heat-loss in the winter as it creates an air pocket between the room and the glass window.

Protective Sheet Windows are cut and made off site, brought in and fitted into the designed frame.

FFL 12.100

Protective sheeting is put on the floor to avoid damaging the timber flooring.

Finish: Paint Paints used should not contain chemicals that can harm the workers. Walls need to be clean and taping should be done on hardware and fixtures to prevent paint spilling. Brushes are used for finer detail while rollers are used for large areas.

FFL 9.070

GIRVAN CHRISTIAN TENGGONO 917833

ASSIGNMENT 2

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

12/08/2018

Case Study: name; Architect: name of the Architect p. 23

1:50 on A3

SECTION 3A

Stage 12: Finishing Trades

Finish: Landscaping Landscaping are done on the last step to prevent damaging the plants. The landscape would feature an Australian landscape with dramatic bushes and topography.

Finish: Steel hand-railing Finish: Bathroom

1. Extra waterproofing is done for the wet areas in accordance to the AS3740

1 S03

2. Ceramic tiling is placed.

Avoid damage in tiles to let water drain away properly.

Waterproof adhesive is used while using tile spacer.

3. Joineries are installed while protective sheeting is used to avoid damaging the ceramic.

Finish: Furniture

Carpenters would come with the custom made fixed furnitures and assemble them on site. This makes transport easier while avoiding damage.

Protective sheeting is put on the floor to avoid damaging the timber flooring.

GIRVAN CHRISTIAN TENGGONO 917833

ASSIGNMENT 1

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

03/08/2018

ABPL20033 - 2018, Name Surname | 654123 |T number, Tutor’s name and surname p. 24

1:50 on A3

N

GROUND FLOOR PLAN FOR AREA A

Finish: Steel hand-railing

Steel hand-railing provides safety as the window can be opened up.

Finish: Hydronic Active Thermal System The hydronic trench is covered using custom made timber trench grille RL 15.800

FFL 12.100

Finish: Carpet flooring Carpet floors are put inside all rooms. Carpets can provide additional insulation, provides a psychological feeling of comfort and safety as it provides a slip resistant surface for the client.

FFL 9.070

GIRVAN CHRISTIAN TENGGONO 917833

ASSIGNMENT 2

TUTOR: ALEKS BALTOVSKI

12/08/2018

Case Study: name; Architect: name of the Architect p. 25

1:50 on A3

SECTION 3A