Update #1 - april 2017

Teaming up for animal health

GD-magazine - April 2017 - No. 1

update

SOCIETY

The role of GD Animal Health in monitoring Avian Influenza

EDUCATION

First Pig Health Training

INTERVIEW

Possibilities of contract research

Teaming up for animal health

NPTES fW or

AI virus detection

Proficiency testing schemes Evaluate the performance of your laboratory Even though we already started some of our proficiency testing schemes (PTS) this year, you can still participate in the following PTS: Cat. no.

Proficiency testing scheme

Closing date

Shipment

Submission

Final report

for registration

of the samples

of test results

and certificate

August 4

Week 34

October 13

Week 48

2017

2017

2017

2017

September 1

Week 38

November 10

Week 2

2017

2017

2017

2018

August VLDIA255*

PTS aMPV antibody detection (TRT)

VLDIA277*

PTS ARV antibody detection (REO)

VLDIA292*

PTS ILT antibody detection

VLDIA291*

PTS Brachyspira hyodysenteriae bacteria detection

October VLDIA232*

PTS AI antibody detection

VLDIA327

PTS AI virus detection

VLDIA233

PTS Salmonella poultry antibody detection

VLDIA171*

PTS Salmonella porcine antibody detection

VLDIA295*

PTS SIV antibody detection * accredited according to the international standard ISO 17043:2010

Please check our website www.gdanimalhealth.com/PTS for the current time schedule and apply directly online.

Why participate?

• Evaluate the performance of your laboratory • Maintain or achieve ISO 17025 accreditation • Identify inter-laboratory differences • Identify problems within your laboratory • Provide additional confidence to your customers

GD, P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, the Netherlands, T. +31 (0)570-63 33 91, F. +31 (0)570-63 41 04 www.gdanimalhealth.com, info@gdanimalhealth.com

foreword

FROM CRISIS MANAGER TO PARTNER I’ve flown halfway around the world recently, in the name of animal health.

That was not only good for my frequent flyer miles, but also for the training courses we provide worldwide as GD Academy. These training courses are becoming increasingly popular, and we nowadays receive more applications than we can cater for. Besides the popularity of training, another matter is currently a hot item: antibiotic-free production. This was already discussed in the previous column, but the many reactions have prompted me to come back to the subject. We plan to stay on top of it and are already implementing in-house innovations in that field. We also receive many invitations to give presentations and lectures on AI. On pages 8 and 9, you can read more about how GD Animal Health is combating AI in the Netherlands.

The demand for effective training and quality diagnostics continues to grow therefore. I’ve become aware that people worldwide are interested in animal health and food safety aspects.

Such issues no longer apply only to the Western world. That is precisely the reason why I visit so many trade shows. I want to know your thoughts on these matters, and identify where our common ground lies.

The best results are always achieved together, after all. Also when it comes to animal health. It’s essential that we formulate a plan with external parties. That’s why I want to make the transition from crisis manager to partner. As a crisis manager, you’re always one step behind, whereas a partner is proactively involved in ideas right from the start, only requiring a little extra steering to quickly get on the right road. Or on the right plane, in my case.

Jan Willem de Vries, Manager International and Large Accounts

content

04 Pig Health Training 06 Rational use of antibiotics

CONTACT INFORMATION GD ANIMAL HEALTH If you want to know more about what GD Animal Health can do for you, please contact one of our staff members, responsible for international sales:

Jan Willem de Vries Manager International and Large Accounts

Fanny Nieuwenhuis Account manager Pharmacy

07

07 The possibilities of contract research 08 Monitoring Avian Influenza

jw.devries@gdanimalhealth.com

f.nieuwenhuis@gdanimalhealth.com

Annemiek Kolkman Senior account manager Laboratories and Test kit manufacturers

Maaike Vrijlink Sales support Pharmacy

a.kolkman@gdanimalhealth.com

support@gdanimalhealth.com

Eveline Peereboom Business manager Pharmacy

10 Submitting samples 11 News and communications 08 12 GD specialist: Ruth Bouwstra

e.peereboom@gdanimalhealth.com Phone In the Netherlands 0900-1770, Outside the Netherlands +31 (0)570-63 33 91 Fax + 31 (0)570-63 41 04 | E-mail info@gdanimalhealth.com Website www.gdanimalhealth.com | Mail ADDRESS GD, P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, the Netherlands | Delivery address for samples and post mortem material GD, CMD, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7418 EZ Deventer, the Netherlands.

11

Update, April 2017 - 3

REVIEW PIG HEALTH TRAINING

“The extra bit of context is very useful” The first basic level Pig Health Training, organised by GD Academy, attracted a diverse audience. In March, interested parties from all over Europe flocked to Deventer to learn more about pig health. Our state-of-the-art necropsy room scored particularly well. Pathologist Karin Junker took the participants under her wing and introduced them to her profession.

sales managers of large diagnostic companies. It was not only great fun but also extremely educational for both parties.

“The necropsy room always has an impact”, explains Junker.

“Some people are fascinated, while others turn a whiter shade of pale as soon as they see a dissected animal on the table. It was fine this time around! Especially considering that this was the first encounter with pathology for some people.”

First-time One of the participants, Kristine Klewer from France, had never seen the inside of a necropsy room before. In fact, most of the training was a ‘first time’ experience for her. “I’ve never been to a large pig farm, and pathology is also new to me. In our laboratory, we only actually receive the blood and other samples.

The actual pathology work is done elsewhere.” She laughs as she explains that she wanted to see things which she would not normally encounter. “The animals in the necropsy room were extremely interesting.”

After all, the training is not only for veterinarians, but was designed to attract a wider group of people. The participants had different backgrounds and experience in porcine health.

Practical veterinarians employed by large pig integrations came to refresh their knowledge on pig diseases and laboratory workers experienced a first introduction to the practical consequences of their daily jobs. At lunch, vets sat side-by-side with

Useful insight “I always try to give people new ideas to take home with them”, says Junker. “I think it’s important that people become aware that pathology is not the holy grail in the diagnostic process. It’s simply another link in the chain.” And that’s exactly why Klewer found the training so useful. “First and foremost, I was looking for new experiences, and I found them. From both

Join our training in September Are you interested in participating in this Pig Health training? GD Academy organises this training again from 25 to 29 September 2017. After a week of training you will be updated on the foremost pig health issues. We will focus on making evidence based diagnoses of pig health problems, using practical examples and case histories.

Join this training now! You can easily sign up using our online registration form: www.gdanimalhealth.com/ pighealthtraining.

4 - Update, April 2017

Anne Taverne, editor

the veterinarians who participated in the programme and the GD staff who shared their knowledge with us. Our company is currently developing a diagnostic test kit for pigs. It’s coming along very nicely, but the extra bit of context which we found here is very useful, from both the excursions and the lectures. I know what it should look like in the booklets, but it really is different in the flesh.”

“I was looking for new experiences, and I found them” Theory & Practice Being one of the best valued parts of the training, dissecting pigs was obviously not the only subject that came up in this training. Apart from lectures on all sorts of health issues, like respiratory, reproductive and digestive diseases, subjects like antibiotic use, biosecurity and diagnostic tools were taught. An important perspective when discussing diseases, is the making of a proper diagnosis: asking all the relevant questions, thinking about the differential diagnosis and performing appropriate additional laboratory tests. In fact using information from all sources that may be relevant without jumping to conclusions, but coming to evidence based decisions on how the approach a certain health problem.

report

field experience and at the same time enlightening for participants with less practical know-how.”

Excursions At the end of the week the participants visited a state of the art Dutch pig farm and also an experimental farm. In that farm new zootechnical methods are shown and tested to improve hygiene levels and biosecurity. These techniques involve improvements in regulating indoor climate, air filtering and the use of special coatings on floors and other inventory. The investigators also demonstrated how important it is to have the right mind-set associated to biosecurity. In fact, man is the most important and often weakest link in the prevention of disease introduction and spreading.

The aim of the training was to provide an overview of pig health issues. Important highlights were, on one hand, the making of a proper evidence based diagnosis and, on the other hand, prevention of diseases by applying the principles of biosecurity using common sense.

MORE INFORMATION WWW.GDANIMALHEALTH.COM/PIGHEALTHTRAINING

As one of the lecturers, pig health specialist Theo Geudeke, states: ”That is why we always like to discuss practical cases on health issues and not only straightforward theoretical backgrounds of diseases. In fact, you can look up most of that information in textbooks. A nice aspect of discussing practical case histories is, that it is challenging for veterinarians with

Update, April 2017 - 5

article

Christian Scherpenzeel, DVM

Rational use of antimicrobials The use of antimicrobials in food animals has long been the subject of international debate, although the relationship between their use and the development of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is complex and unclear. The multifunctional teams of GD Animal Health experts combine monitoring and disease eradication programmes with practical field research projects in order to clarify and promote rational use of antibiotics.

The majority of antimicrobials used in dairy herds are related to udder health, with two-thirds applied as dry cow therapy (DCT).

In the Netherlands, approximately 90% of all dairy cows were treated with dry cow antimicrobials in the 2005-2010 period, after which the Dutch government strictly advocated prudent and restricted use of antimicrobials. Antibiotic use in the livestock industry had to be decreased by 20% in 2011 and by 50% in 2013, as compared to 2009. Realizing these goals was the primary responsibility of the various livestock sectors themselves.

Selective dry cow therapy In 2011, GD Animal Health initiated a large field trial in the Netherlands for selective dry cow therapy (SDCT). It was conducted on a split-udder basis, monitoring more than 1650 dairy cows on 97 herds during the dry period and first hundred days in lactation. Our research team of veterinary epidemiologists and technicians worked with farmers and veterinarians in the field to study the effects on udder health when reducing dry cow therapy in low-somatic cell count cows on the dairy herds.

6 - Update, April 2017

From 2013 on, preventive use of antimicrobials in DCT was prohibited in the Netherlands, and SDCT was introduced as an alternative for blanket dry cow therapy (BDCT). Antimicrobial use for DCT accounted for 49% of the total antimicrobial use in the Dutch dairy industry. In January 2014, the Royal Dutch Veterinary Association launched guidelines to be used when implementing SDCT. Mindset There was no information on how SDCT was executed in practice and how farmers experienced it. In order to quantify this major change in mastitis management, GD Animal Health conducted another field study to gain insight into the level of implementation of SDCT, selection criteria, and the relation to mastitis and antimicrobial use. Besides this, the attitude and motivation of farmers towards SDCT was studied, and seemed surprisingly positive, although they expressed concern about the udder health situation. Total antibiotic use related to mastitis was reduced by 85%.

In conclusion Our field studies showed that SDCT, as currently applied in the Netherlands, was not associated with significant deterioration of udder health and farmers managed to keep udder health at a high standard.

Together with our udder health team, we apply the Udder Health Approach: aiming for healthy udders and consequently greater volume of milk and fewer financial losses.

interview

Anne Taverne, editor

THE POSSIBILITIES OF

Contract research For many years, GD Animal Health has been a partner within the animal health industry worldwide, performing field studies or experimental studies on animals for the pharmaceutical and feed industries, with full scientific support and quality control. In this article, we focus on our cattle studies.

These studies are conducted in accordance with (inter)national GCP standards and regulations, to support development and registration of veterinary products, to determine the effectiveness of feed additives or to support post-marketing activities.

“The studies we coordinate are performed using state-of-the-art multidisciplinary laboratory tests and statistical support from our epidemiology department”, Annet Velthuis, project manager for cattle at GD Animal Health, explains.

Studies Annet also tells about the close relationship between GD Animal Health, veterinarians and farmers in the field. “We know a lot about dairy farms in the Netherlands and have close contacts with farmers and veterinarians. We can easily find motivated farmers, veterinarians and the right animals to participate in a trial, enabling us to perform studies successfully. Field studies

From pre-proposal to final report GD Animal Health can contribute: • to develop a sound study design; • to write a protocol with data capture forms in compliance with the required standards; • to coordinate studies and to participate in multi-centre trials across countries; • to perform laboratory tests; • to enter, monitor and analyse the data (including big data); • to perform QC and QA checks on the study, if requested; • to write the final study report to be included in the master study file.

can be enrolled efficiently and large volumes of samples and data can be collected and analysed within a narrow time frame.”

In addition to field studies, GD Animal Health also performs studies in areas such as the development of mastitis models.

“We, for example, develop mastitis models that can be used to evaluate various treatments for udders infected with known mastitis pathogens, such as Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus. In these studies, relevant external factors can be excluded from the study and results can objectively be compared with one another. These studies can be very valuable to improve animal health for dairy cattle.”

Expert teams Each study team of specialised staff, including specialised veterinarians, is led by an experienced project manager. The team members closely cooperate with our veterinary epidemiologists, virologists, microbiologists, toxicologists, pathologists and animal health and laboratory technicians. “During the study, sponsors are updated on a weekly basis. Short communication lines and regularly sharing information makes the sponsor feel in control. We are also happy to update external monitors for independent checks. This makes the whole process a team effort where everybody is motivated and eager to deliver high quality data”, says Velthuis.

Submitting samples It is also possible to ask GD Animal Health to only analyse samples, without doing a whole project. You can read more about submitting samples on page 10.

Update, April 2017 - 7

THE ROLE OF GD ANIMAL HEALTH IN

MONITORING AVIAN INFLUENZA Avian Influenza (AI) is a viral disease of birds caused by influenza A viruses. Waterfowl and shorebirds (wild and domestic) form the major natural reservoir and are the source of all known influenza A viruses.

Influenza virus particles carry two glycoproteins on their surface: haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). These proteins form the basis for dividing them into subtypes. Eighteen distinct subtypes of haemagglutinin (H1–H18) and 11 neuraminidase subtypes (N1–N11) have been described so far.

Virtually all remaining combinations of HA and NA subtypes have been isolated from wild bird species (Webster et al., 1992).

8 - Update, April 2017

Clinical symptoms of AI AI infections of wild birds are mostly subclinical. Infection of poultry can take a broad range of manifestations; it may remain unapparent, take a moderate course, but can also lead to severe disease with up to 100% mortality. Viruses that cause little or no disease are indicated as low pathogenicity AI (LPAI) whereas viruses that cause severe disease are indicated as high pathogenicity AI (HPAI). Up until now, all known HPAI viruses belong to the H5 and H7 subtypes, although not all viruses within these subtypes are HPAI. LPAI viruses typically cause mild respiratory problems or a decrease in egg production and/or water and feed intake. Wild birds infected with HPAI viruses show a variable degree of disease, from mild to severe illness with high mortality.

society

Ruth Bouwstra, Nanager Poultry Health Department

Surveillance in Europe Following the European outbreaks in Italy in 1999-2000 and the Netherlands in 2003, which confirmed that H5 and H7 subtype viruses can increase in pathogenicity, a new European control directive was drafted (2005/94/EU). In this new draft, outbreaks of LPAI of subtypes H5 and H7 were included as notifiable. European Member States are obliged to conduct surveillance programmes according to the draft laid down in the directive 2010/367/EU. Active serological surveillance complements surveillance oriented towards early detection of Avian Influenza of the notifiable subtypes H5 and H7.

Surveillance in the Netherlands GD is an independent organisation in animal health. GD Animal Health plays an important role in monitoring diseases in poultry, including Avian Influenza surveillance. In the Netherlands, three types of surveillance programmes are used to detect AI virus infections at commercial poultry farms: I. Syndromic surveillance: passive surveillance for the early detection of notifiable AI by using clinical symptoms, which is most effective for acute infections causing severe disease (mainly HPAI subtypes) but less so for LPAI infections that often cause very mild disease at most.

II. Early warning: passive surveillance for exclusion diagnostics. Animals showing clinical signs pathognomonic for infection with pathogens other than AI cannot be excluded.

III. Serological monitoring programme: active surveillance to detect all AI virus incursions, even the non-notifiable ones and those that remain subclinical. This programme is much more intensive than required by the EU. All poultry farms should be tested at least once a year. Outdoor layer farms are tested four times per year and turkey farms during each production cycle.

Surveillance in the Netherlands is much more intensive than required by the EU. Therefore we seem to be able to: • Detect AI at an early stage, of both the low pathogenic and high pathogenic subtypes • Respond to new introductions of both high and low pathogenic viruses as soon as possible • Prevent spreading of the virus to other poultry farms or humans In comparison with the Dutch HPAI outbreak in 2003, only one transmission occurred between farms in 2014 (Bouwstra et al., 2014). New infections were detected much sooner, mainly due to the intensive monitoring, including an early warning system.

Monitoring and prevention Poultry veterinarians of GD Animal Health are part of the team of specialists who visit poultry farms in case of suspected Avian Influenza infection. In addition, serological monitoring diagnostics is conducted in the GD Animal Health laboratory. GD Animal Health advises poultry veterinarians and farmers on how to prevent introductions of AI at their farms. For example, our poultry experts advise on effective biosecurity measures.

Biosecurity Biosecurity is the total package of practical measures to limit the spread of infectious diseases such as AI both within a farm and from one farm to others. Biosecurity is essential in order to prevent and control Avian Influenza. Biosecurity is good for business because better farm biosecurity can improve overall flock health, cut the costs of disease treatment, reduce losses and improve farm profitability.

GD Animal Health can help you improve biosecurity at your farm. We are an independent organisation in animal health and are able to monitor the animal health status on your farm and formulate action plans for improvement. This will reduce the risk of introduction of diseases such as AI. Teaming up for Animal Health for better health and a better future!

Practical advice on how to improve bio­security on your farm: • Use an all-out system. Incoming stock should at least be inspected on arrival and placed in a shed that has been cleaned and disinfected before use.

• Controlled access is very important. Only visitors essential to the farm’s business should be permitted entry.

• Clearly demarcate ‘clean’ and ‘dirty’ areas.

• Contact between poultry and wild birds should be avoided. All housing should be designed and maintained to exclude wild birds and rodents. A rodent and pest control programme must be in place.

• Non-poultry bird species and pigs must not be kept on poultry farms.

Could you use some advice to improve biosecurity on your farm? Please contact us: support@gdanimalhealth.com.

Update, Update,April April2017 2017- -99

products & services

Submitting samples Do you wish to make use of our modern veterinary laboratory? GD Animal Health offers the possibility to submit samples from abroad. Let us explain our import procedures in this article.

Available documents • Commercial document animal by-products • Submission form YOU CAN FIND THE REQUIRED FORMS VIA

Submitting from EU countries Option 1: Submitting samples (e.g. serum, tissue, milk, faeces) from EU countries Please fill out the following documents and email them to: support@gdanimalhealth.com • Commercial document animal by-products • Submission form

Option 2: Submitting samples in formalin and FTA cards (only available for poultry) from EU countries Please fill in the submission form and attach it to the package.

WWW.GDANIMALHEALTH.COM/FORMS

Please attach the original forms to the package.

New customers: online registration Please send the following document to support@gdanimalhealth.com: • Registration form client information You will receive your customer number within two days. Your customer number must be entered on the submission form.

You can find more detailed information about submitting samples from EU and non-EU countries here: www.gdanimalhealth.com/lab-services/ submit-samples Samples may be submitted to the following address: GD Animal Health Attn. CMD Arnsbergstraat 7 7418 EZ Deventer The Netherlands

10 - Update, April 2017

Submitting from non-EU countries Option 1: Submitting samples (e.g. serum, tissue, milk, faeces) from non-EU countries If you wish to submit samples, please send your request and address details to support@gdanimalhealth. com. Within two days, GD Animal Health will contact you to arrange the transport of the samples.

Option 2: Submitting samples in formalin and FTA cards (only available for poultry) from non-EU countries Please fill out the submission form and attach it to the package.

Please pay extra attention to the following: If the way the samples are sent in does not comply with the import procedure, we are not allowed to accept and process them. There will be no possibility of returning these samples.

If you have any queries about submitting samples, please do not hesitate to contact us via support@gdanimalhealth.com.

news & communications

New PTS Avian Influenza (AI)

Successful Poultry training

We are proud to announce that in 2017, we shall be organising a new PTS for Avian Influenza virus detection via Nucleic acid Amplification Techniques (NAT), e.g. PCR (VLDIA327). The sample set consists of eight coded allantoic fluid samples, which will be sent to you on FTA cards.

Our Poultry Health, Climate and Feed training once again united many different nationalities. This February the intensive five-day training was organised for the second time, for professionals from the poultry industry. Participants particularly appreciated the post-mortem demonstration, and pathology and sampling techniques in our state-of-the-art necropsy room.

The time schedule for this PTS will be as follows; • Closing date for registration; 1 September • Shipment of the samples; week 38 • Submission of test results; 10 November • Final report + certificate; week 2, 2018 If you would like to participate in our PTS, please apply via our general online application form. You can also contact us via pts@gdanimalhealth.com.

Besides these lectures and case studies, they also met and spoke with GD Animal Health specialists. This personal contact was a great chance to acquire new knowledge. We’d like to thank you all for your participation! Are you interested in such a training? The next training is scheduled for 11 to 15 September.

REGISTER VIA WWW.GDANIMALHEALTH.COM/ACADEMY

APPLICATION FORM HTTP://WWW.GDANIMALHEALTH.COM/ PTS/APPLICATION

GD present at WAVLD GD Animal Health will be one of the exhibitors at the 18th International Symposium of the World Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, to be held from 7 to 10 June 2017 in Sorrento, Italy.

Would you like to learn more about us and our products and services? Come and meet our Senior Account Manager, Annemiek Kolkman, who will be present at our stand (no. 21). If you would like to make an appointment, please send an email to a.kolkman@gdanimalhealth. com. We look forward to meeting you.

Let’s go digital In these times of digital media, we publish the Update magazine on paper as well as online. Do you prefer to read the magazine online?

Please send your email address to support@gdanimalhealth.com and we will send you our future Updates digitally!

Looking back on Agro Animal Show

Jan-Willem de Vries, Manager of International & Large Accounts, and Ruth Bouwstra, Manager of the Poultry Health Department, ‘manned’ the GD Animal Health stand at the Agro Animal Show in Kiev last February. GD Animal Health was present in the Holland Pavilion organised by the Ministry of Economic Affairs in collaboration with the Netherlands Embassy. The booth in this Dutch pavilion was shared with the Dutch companies Lely and Cow House. It was great to meet up with so many interested people. Thank you for your time!

MORE INFORMATION WWW.WAVLD2017.ORG

GD at WVPA 2017 Dr. Anneke Feberwee from GD Animal Health will be one of the keynote speakers at the 20th World Veterinary Poultry Association Congress held in Edinburgh from 4 to 8 September 2017. Her topic will be ‘Past, present and future of avian mycoplasmas’. GD Animal Health will also be exhibiting at WVPA and our experts will visit the congress. We invite everyone to come and meet us at stand no.

12, to discover how we can team up for animal health together.

MORE INFORMATION WWW.WVPA.NET

Update, April 2017 - 11

GD specialist: Ruth Bouwstra The specialists of GD Animal Health focus their daily work on gathering and spreading their extensive knowledge of animal diseases. We pay special attention to a specific sector in each edition of the GD Update. This time: Ruth Bouwstra, Manager Poultry Health Department. She recently shared her knowledge of laboratory testing and monitoring at conferences in the Ukraine and Turkey. “The Netherlands is a pioneer when it comes to animal health monitoring. GD Animal Health believes it is important to share this knowledge with organisations worldwide. For that reason, I regularly speak at conferences abroad. This February, it was the Ukraine and Turkey on my schedule.

The most important objective during foreign conferences is to convey knowledge. It is always worthwhile to invest energy in the dialogue with farmers. The Netherlands has vast expertise in poultry and it is important to show what others can do in the event of an outbreak of a disease.

At the Agro Animal Show in the Ukraine, my subject was animal health monitoring at integrations. It works slightly different there, because of the integrated system. On occasions like this, it is essential that we can show how our approach can also be deployed at these farms.

The knowledge shared in Turkey also needed to be adjusted.

The Dutch poultry structure is relatively unique, after all.

Whereas our sector is characterised by many small farms, there we see a pyramid structure, with one large farm to which many locations are linked. I often speak with CEOs in order to discuss the opportunities, and our team of poultry experts could provide the farm managers and veterinarians with a custom-made training to enhance their knowledge.

I also introduce people abroad to our modern laboratory and to the available options, such as the proficiency testing schemes. It is important that more and more countries submit samples to the GD Animal Health lab. This is still very limited at present, as strict regulations make it difficult to submit samples from non-European countries. The FTA cards are a useful tool in helping this process along.

And so I try to introduce the GD Animal Health strategy for improving animal health in general. If we can all cooperate, we can prevent diseases and that might also lead to reduction of antibiotics and better profitability. In order to achieve this, we set targets, register and process data, draw up a plan of action and evaluate the situation carefully. That is the basic cycle with which we can improve animal health.�

P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, the Netherlands, T. +31 570 633 391, F. +31 570 634 104 www.gdanimalhealth.com, info@gdanimalhealth.com