HealthTech Insider 7th Edition-Pharmacovigilance in the Age of Big Data: Ethical Data Use

7th Edition

January

HAPPY NEW YEAR

HEALTHTECH INSIDER PHARMACO VIGILANCE IN THE AGE OF BIG DATA: ETHICAL DATA USE AND PATIENT SAFETY Pg 8

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7th Edition

TABLE OF 04 05

Meet Our Contributors

Editor’s Message

Industry Perspective & case studies

11 13

Mental Health Tech: Advancements, Stigma Reduction, and Case Studies

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Regulatory and Ethical Challenges in Health Tech Innovation

22 23 28

INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE & CASE STUDIES

Regulatory & Ethics Patient-Centered Design in HealthTech: An Ethical Imperative.

Pharmacovigilance in the Age of Big Data: Ethical Data Use and Patient Safety

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REGULATORY & ETHICS

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CONTENTS 39 40

Nanotechnology in drug delivery, diagnostics, and disease monitoring.

42

The Dawn of Quantum Computing in Drug Discovery: Transforming Pharmaceuticals.

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

45 46

52 DIGITAL HEALTH TRANSFORMATION

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61 62 RECAP

Emerging technologies

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Digital Health Transformation Prescribing Change: How Digital Health Revolutionizes the Healthcare Professional's Landscape Coding Healthier Habits: How Gamification Levels Up Patient Engagement in Digital Health Digital Health and Health Equity

X-SPACE RECAP DEMOCRATIZING ACCESS TO PATIENT’S ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD

Fun-Fact and Trivia Page 3

OUR CONTRIBUTORS

AYO-OLAGUNJU MUNACHIMSO

ADEYINKA ADENIKINJU

FIYINFOLUWA SANWO

OLUWAFEMI AGBEKORODE

NGOZI NWEKE

LERAH NWIBANI

IBRAHIM OLASUNKANMI

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EDITOR'S MESSAGE

Dear Valued Readers, As we bid farewell to the passing year, I extend warm holiday greetings to each one of you. In the spirit of the season, let me express my gratitude for the unwavering support that has propelled Health Tech Insider to its 7th edition.

It's truly heartening to reflect on our journey together.

As we step into the new year, I'm excited to continue this journey with you. Our commitment remains resolute—to dive deep into the realms of digital health, emerging technologies, data analytics, regulatory and ethics, and industry perspectives. These segments are the pillars upon which we build our promise to provide you, our esteemed readers, with profound insights into the dynamic health tech landscape.

Our dedication to thought-provoking articles, expert interviews, and illuminating case studies remains unchanged. This edition will unravel the potential of emerging technologies and navigate the intricate web of regulatory and ethical considerations in our ever-evolving field. As we turn the pages, expect not just a publication but a community—a community that spans continents and connects over 2,000 engaged readers across the globe.

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EDITOR'S MESSAGE

Beyond this publication, Health Tech Insider is a beacon in the realm of health tech. It's more than words on paper; it's a nexus for healthcare professionals, thought leaders, innovators, and decision-makers. As we move forward, we invite you to actively participate in our journey. If you have groundbreaking health tech solutions seeking the spotlight, consider showcasing them within the pages of Health Tech Insider. Join us in reaching a highly engaged audience eager to embrace the future of healthcare.

To our valued community, thank you for your steadfast support. Together, let's shape the future of health tech and pave the way for a healthier tomorrow. May this edition inspire groundbreaking discoveries and set the tone for a year filled with innovation and progress.

Happy reading, and here's to a future where technology and healthcare seamlessly intertwine for the greater good.

Wishing you an inspiring start to the new year! Cheers to 2024

🥂

Warm regards, Ayo-Olagunju Munachimso Editor-in-Chief, Health Tech Insider

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INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE & CASE STUDIES

7th Edition

Mental Health Tech: Advance and Case Studies

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ments, Stigma Reduction, -Adeyinka Adenikinju

According to the United Nations, almost 1 billion people worldwide experience some form of mental health disorder . The Covid-19 pandemic has worsened the already deteriorating mental health among various populations due to extended lockdowns and periods of isolation. In the first year of the pandemic, rates of depression and anxiety increased by 25% globally . Therefore, mental health is a crucial aspect of human well-being, yet it is often neglected or stigmatized in many societies.

Stigma towards people with mental illness is a serious public health problem worldwide. It is considered the main barrier to social inclusion and participation of those affected and has a negative impact on their quality of life, therapeutic results, and even increases the risk of suicide and mortality.

Discrimination, prejudice, and stereotypes present in society not only severely affect the recovery process, quality of life, and well-being of people with mental illnesses and their families, but they also represent the main gap in accessing specialized mental health services by the general population.

Research has shown the presence of elevated levels of discrimination, stigma, and prejudice towards those affected by mental health problems, especially schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

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Mental health technology has been advancing rapidly in recent years, it can play a vital role in improving mental health outcomes, reducing stigma, and increasing access to care. In this article, we will explore some of the recent advancements, challenges, and opportunities in mental health tech.

The development of novel drug therapies for treatment-resistant depression, which affects more than 80 million people worldwide, is one of the most promising areas of mental health tech. Traditional antidepressants often have limited efficacy or intolerable side effects for many patients. However, new drugs such as esketamine, a derivative of ketamine, have shown rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in clinical trials, even for those who did not respond to other treatments. Esketamine is administered as a nasal spray under medical supervision and works by modulating glutamate receptors in the brain, a different mechanism from conventional antidepressants.

Esketamine has been approved by the FDA and EMA for treatment-resistant depression and could pave the way for more research on similar compounds.

Another area of innovation is the use of telehealth and digital platforms to deliver mental health services, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Telehealth can overcome geographical barriers, reduce stigma, and increase convenience for both patients and providers. Many online platforms offer various forms of mental health support, such as self-help tools, peer support groups, chatbots, or professional counselling. For example, together all is an online community that provides anonymous peer-to-peer support and moderated group courses for people with mental health issues. Telehealth can also complement face-to-face care by providing follow-up, monitoring, or feedback. However, telehealth also poses challenges, such as ensuring quality, privacy, and security of the services, and addressing digital literacy and access gaps among different populations.

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A third area of interest is the use of data from social media to spot trends and prevent self-harm among users. Social media platforms generate vast amounts of data that can reveal insights into users' mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or suicidal ideation. By analyzing language patterns, images, or behaviors in posts, algorithms can identify users who are at risk of self-harm and intervene accordingly. For instance, Facebook has developed a system that detects suicidal expressions in posts or live videos and sends resources or alerts to the user or their friends. Social media data can also be used to monitor mental health trends at a population level and inform public health policies or interventions. However, using social media data for mental health purposes also raises ethical and legal issues, such as consent, privacy, accuracy, and accountability.

An important aspect of mental health tech is the implementation of stigma reduction interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where mental health resources are scarce, and stigma is pervasive. Stigma can prevent people from seeking help, accessing care, or adhering to treatment. It can also lead to discrimination, exclusion, or violence against people with mental health problems. Therefore, reducing stigma is essential to improve mental health outcomes and human rights in LMICs. Alot of interventions have been developed and tested to reduce stigma in LMICs, such as education campaigns, contact-based programs, or empowerment strategies. Direct contact with people with mental illnesses and educational initiatives have been shown to be essential and effective interventions to reduce stigma. Although direct face-to-face contact has been a key component of successful stigma reduction programs, their implementation in virtual learning and innovative spaces is recent. For example, a study in India evaluated the impact of an anti-stigma intervention that involved training community health workers to deliver psychoeducation and contact sessions to people with common mental disorders and their families. The intervention significantly reduced stigma and improved quality of life among participants after six months. However, more research is needed to understand the barriers and facilitators of implementing stigma reduction interventions in LMICs and to assess their long-term effects and scalability.

Innovative technology-based interventions have had a significant impact in stigma reduction toward people with mental illness, due to their adaptability to different contexts and age ranges.

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Video games have been highlighted as an effective tool to reduce anxious and depressive symptomatology in patients and to reduce misconceptions and stigmatization about severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. The application of virtual and immersive reality in mental health has become increasingly common. It has shown its utility in treating mental health problems, such as phobias and anxiety symptoms, along with reducing negative perceptions and attitudes towards people with mental illnesses. This usefulness and effectiveness can be explained by the degree of immersion in a strongly educational environment, which promotes the change of attitudes and beliefs.

The World Economic Forum’s Global Future Council on Mental Health partnered with Scientific American to select the ten innovations doing the most to create a better world for everyone suffering from mental ill-health.

In conclusion, mental health tech is a rapidly evolving field that offers many opportunities to enhance mental health care and outcomes across the world.

However, it also faces many challenges and limitations that require further research and collaboration among stakeholders. By harnessing the power of technology while addressing its pitfalls, we can create a more inclusive and supportive environment for people with mental health issues.

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REGULATORY AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN HEALTH TECH INNOVATION

- ADEYINKA ADENIKINJU

Health technology innovation is a rapidly evolving field that promises to improve the quality, accessibility, and affordability of healthcare. Regulatory and ethical challenges are among the most pressing issues in health tech innovations. But let us reflect on the foundation of this phenomenon. Innovation in the 21st century has led to the creation of new products, services, and business models that were previously unimaginable and continue to evolve rapidly, These innovations span a wide range of areas, including digital technologies (such as artificial intelligence, Blockchain, or the internet of things), biotechnologies (such as gene editing), and advanced materials (such as nanomaterials) . The development of technological innovations has significant implications for competition dynamics, particularly in data-driven markets. The changes brought about by these innovations have farreaching implications for the well-being and unity of society.

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IMPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS 1. Economic competition dynamic properties of digital businesses in particular created natural monopoly conditions and barriers to entry for competitors, leading to new forms of anticompetitive strategies such as algorithmic collusion for example, COVID-19 outbreak had the potential and indeed increased the concentration in data-driven markets, exacerbating the regulatory challenges they bring.

2. The rise of data-driven markets may also entail new market failures such as implicit transactions, incomplete markets, information asymmetries, hold-up, and locked-in phenomena.

3. Digital technologies carry new risks in terms of data privacy and security due to the more pervasive collection of data.

4. Digitalisation can make markets work more efficiently by reducing transaction costs, leading to the development of new or transformed business models .

5. Digital technologies facilitate or stimulate decentralization, empower the “edges” and create new forms of intermediation. Consequently, they hold the potential to generate a shift from traditional regulation towards private governance.

6. Digitalization has further reinforced the transition to a service economy, which conveys several consequences for the structure of the economy (for example the evident changes in the skill mix required and in the types of capital firms need) 7. Digitalization has also given consumers more power, enabling them to access information and services more easily and to make more informed decisions.

Whilst there are other implications, we can summarily say that this unprecedented pace of technological advancements has led to the development of new products, services, and business models that were unimaginable just a few years ago. It also poses significant ethical and regulatory challenges that need to be addressed by stakeholders such as researchers, developers, policymakers, and users.

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REGULATORY CHALLENGES These challenges need to be properly understood to elicit the appropriate policy response, let us start with looking at the regulatory challenges: A key challenge is to design governance and regulatory approaches that prevent or mitigate the potential unintended negative consequences of technological developments (for instance, in accidents involving AI-embedded machines or devices) while reaping the opportunities they provide and not stifling innovation.

One of the most significant regulatory challenges in health tech innovations is the lack of a clear regulatory framework. As technological innovations can span multiple regulatory regimes, the usual institutional framework underpinning regulations is also showing its limits when dealing with the transversal challenges raised by digitalisation.

Another challenge is the need to balance patient safety with fostering innovation.

The FDA and EMA are modernizing their regulatory approaches to foster innovation in digital technology and improve safety and applicability to patients.

Most significantly is what some of now termed “the Pacing problem,” this is the unprecedented pace, scope, and complexity of technological developments, which magnify the regulatory challenges highlighted above. We can now say that included in the reasons why government struggle to keep pace with these transformative changes is because of the complexity associated with several innovations.

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REGULATORY CHALLENGES According to OECD (2021)” the disconnect between the pace of technology and the pace of regulation raises several potential concerns like: Failures to deal properly with the unintended consequences of the innovation.

Especially in technological development that are not (easily) reversible (e.g., gene editing).

Barriers to the entry of new services (or increased entry costs) due to the uncertainties surrounding the regulatory landscape.

Creation of uneven playing-fields, where new entrants face regulatory barriers to entry (or, conversely, where incumbents face higher burdens than new business models)” The focus on these regulatory challenges will be incomplete if the regulatory approaches which may include anticipatory governance, Wait-and-see approaches, issuing guidance, self -regulation, regulatory experiments, outcomebased regulation, means-based regulation, and outright/effective ban are not considered.

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ETHICAL CHALLENGES We have spoken about the regulatory challenges, but looking at it from the ethical point of view in health tech innovations are also significant. As earlier stated, the advances in biotechnology and computer and data sciences have opened the way for innovative approaches to human healthcare yet they have also created many ethical and regulatory dilemmas such as pervasive global inequalities and security and risk to data privacy which relate to ethics, data privacy and ownership, digital security, potential bias and discrimination, minors’ protection and violent content, as well as the spread of misinformation and disinformation and their potential risks for democracy.

One of the most significant regulatory challenges in health tech innovations is the lack of a clear regulatory framework

In conclusion, regulatory and ethical challenges are among the most pressing issues in health tech innovations. Governments and regulatory agencies need to design governance and regulatory approaches that prevent or mitigate the potential unintended negative consequences of technological developments while reaping the opportunities they provide and not stifling innovation. Ethical challenges such as data privacy and ownership, digital security, and potential bias and discrimination also need to be addressed. The advances in biotechnology and computer and data sciences have opened the way for innovative approaches to human healthcare, but they have also created many ethical and regulatory dilemmas that need to be properly understood and addressed.

Finally, close collaboration and dialogue between all industry stakeholders and regulatory bodies is imperative to properly address this and mitigate the misuse of data. For further reading, the level of regulatory enforcement in developing countries.

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REGULATORY & ETHICS

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PATIENT-CENTERED DESIGN IN HEALTH TECH: AN ETHICAL IMPERATIVE – Fiyinfoluwa Sanwo It is fast becoming a norm for healthcare delivery and operations to leverage technology to drive patient-centric service delivery, such that patients can now conveniently manage their care by providing effective, personalized experiences and easing the pressure on traditional healthcare systems.

To explore how tech will change the future of care, we must first look at the devices making better care outcomes possible. These devices almost all operate through the power of big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and 5G wireless connectivity. The results are systems that collate and communicate data for accessible treatment insights shared between patients and care providers.

Health Apps: Mobile applications for health solutions are taking off in popularity. Made accessible by smartphones and wearable tech, these apps offer all kinds of vital and fitness data tracking that an individual may then choose to share with their care provider.

The availability of health apps means a new level of transparency can be achieved in healthcare. Not only can patients track their data, but they can manage that data and their treatment solutions, all from the convenience of a smartphone.

With these tools, the future of healthcare is being streamlined. From health apps to monitoring solutions, there are only a few devices powering patient-focused innovations in care. In this article, I will highlight a few:

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PATIENT-CENTERED DESIGN IN HEALTH TECH: AN ETHICAL IMPERATIVE – Fiyinfoluwa Sanwo Telehealth:

Digital Signatures:

Telehealth is the digital option for receiving care. It is made possible through mobile devices increasingly on 5G networks, and it allows individuals to contact care professionals from the comfort of their own homes. This technology was instrumental in keeping people connected with their doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic and all its risks and self-isolation demands.

Now, at least 31% of Nigerians want to continue using telehealth even after the pandemic, according to TechCabal Report on State of Health Tech in Nigeria.

The accessibility and convenience of telemedicine platforms are too beneficial to discard, taking healthcare down an increasingly virtual path.

In line with the digital shift, patients can now increasingly use digital signatures in their medical paperwork. While these might not seem that revolutionary in managing care, digital signatures have a lot to offer patients in terms of accessibility and patient protection.

For instance, the use of digital signatures gives electronic health systems a trail to follow to authorize the identity of signers. Allowing care providers to be better positioned to comply with data privacy and protection standards while mitigating the need for patients to come into an office and expose themselves to illness just to sign some paperwork.

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PATIENT-CENTERED DESIGN IN HEALTH TECH: AN ETHICAL IMPERATIVE – Fiyinfoluwa Sanwo Patient Portals:

Electronic Medical Records:

Patient portals are another evolution of democratized healthcare that is gaining in popularity. These tools give patients a user login from which they can then schedule appointments, message their providers, pay bills, and more. The result is a streamlined management process for medical information for patients and providers alike.

With patient portals, patients are more empowered than ever before in navigating and understanding their care. This is but one of the many ways healthcare is moving in a more democratized, patient-focused direction.

Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) are the basis for modern medical information storage. These records are kept in private medical databases where access is only possible for your care providers. Patient data are also kept safely and, in some cases giving patients ownership of their information through tech innovations like blockchain systems, which allow data to be stored on a decentralized basis and locked through interlinked cryptographic functions. In the future, this might mean medical records that expertly balance quality with patient data safety.

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WHAT DOES A PATIENT-CENTRED DESIGN MEAN FOR FUTURE CARE?

All told, these technologies are changing the future of care in several ways. The focus on big data accumulation and analysis means patients worldwide can look for better care solutions.

Meanwhile, the accessibility of care through modern devices is making for a more equitable care marketplace. With benefits like these, healthcare as a whole may transform.

While no one can predict the future, the rapid evolution of tech that puts care information and options in the hands of patients carries the following four major implications for the future of care with patient-centred design: Precision in Patient data orchestration. In an era characterized by hyper-connectivity, individuals are accustomed to seamless interactions across various digital domains. They expect nothing less than this when interacting with their physicians. This sentiment indicates a fervent desire for one all-encompassing location to house their medical history, from appointments to diagnoses, prescriptions, and hospitalizations.

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Better treatment. Smart devices gather immeasurable amounts of data all the time. With the right analytics tools, care providers can safely study this data to draw more connections regarding illnesses and treatments. The data generated can even power more diagnostic tools over telehealth, allowing for better treatments for everyone.

Greater accessibility. Healthcare in Nigeria isn’t exactly known for its accessibility. However, tech trends like telehealth, blockchain and EMRs stand to remove barriers to access for many. Whether that means removing safety risks or travel costs, more people will be able to get the care they need.

Safer patients. Finally, technology makes for safer patients due to its ability to assess individual situations and reveal common patterns. This is even true for data safety. For instance, AI algorithms can constantly evaluate medical record access points and prevent potential breaches.

Meanwhile, medical professionals can assess new avenues of care through datagenerated insights applied directly to the patient’s data.

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WHAT DOES A PATIENT-CENTRED DESIGN MEAN FOR FUTURE CARE? These implications will undoubtedly lead to better care for all of us as time goes on. The digital shift tends to make healthcare cheaper and more accessible.

Meanwhile, new methods of storing data stand to democratize the ownership of medical records. In the future, this could mean that each of us keeps our private access keys to our medical information, which we can then take with us to specialist care providers all around the world via telehealth.

Tech is opening up the medical field, allowing for more equitable and accessible care. Explore these innovations as you look to implement these benefits in your practice or even your treatment.

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PHARMACOVIGILANCE IN THE AGE OF BIG DATA:

P

harmacovigilance, a cornerstone in the continual evaluation of drug safety, faces a paradigm shift in the age of big data. As the science of monitoring drugs post-approval, pharmacovigilance is indispensable for detecting, assessing, and preventing adverse drug reactions and safeguarding public health. However, the influx of large, diverse datasets from sources like electronic health records, social media, mobile devices, wearable sensors, genomic sequencing, and clinical trials presents both challenges and opportunities. This article explores the ethical dimensions of employing big data in pharmacovigilance, emphasizing the benefits, challenges, and potential directions within the Nigerian context.

THE ROLE OF BIG DATA IN PHARMACOVIGILANCE

Big data is revolutionizing pharmacovigilance, presenting a transformative force in healthcare.

While traditional post-approval drug monitoring methods are valuable, they lack the depth needed for a comprehensive understanding of real-world drug use and outcomes. Big data, sourced from electronic health records, social media, mobile devices, wearable sensors, genomic sequencing, and clinical trials, enriches our understanding of medicine safety and efficacy. This wealth of information enables a nuanced comprehension of patient experiences, treatment patterns, and health outcomes.

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ETHICAL DATA USE AND PATIENT SAFETY

BY OLUWAFEMI RICHARD A.

Big data plays a crucial role in identifying and characterizing adverse drug reactions and addressing the limitations of traditional monitoring systems. This data-driven approach facilitates real-time monitoring and rapid detection of emerging safety concerns. Beyond adverse event identification, big data optimizes overall medicine safety and efficacy by exploring patterns and trends in drug utilization, treatment outcomes, and patient characteristics on an unprecedented scale. This extensive analysis provides valuable insights, paving the way for refined therapeutic strategies and personalized interventions.

Big data in pharmacovigilance transcends traditional limitations, offering a more comprehensive, real-time, and limpid perspective, ultimately enhancing patient safety and healthcare outcomes.

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ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN PHARMACOVIGILANCE WITH BIG DATA The integration of big data in pharmacovigilance holds significant potential but introduces ethical considerations requiring thorough examination.

Key aspects include collecting transparent, relevant, and reliable data and adhering to regulatory standards.

Ethical storage mandates robust security measures, such as encryption and access controls (NAFDAC, 2016).

Data sharing, crucial for collective information, requires a delicate balance between openness and privacy.

Anonymizing and deidentifying data with clear sharing guidelines are vital for trust and prevention of misuse.

Ethical analysis focuses on identifying and mitigating biases to ensure accurate representation of

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Ethical Analysis Focuses on Identifying and Mitigating Biases to Ensure Accurate Represent ation of Diverse Patient Population

diverse patient populations.

Vigilance is crucial to address potential discrimination based on socioeconomic factors, promoting fairness and transparency. Click Link to read more on Data Transfer within healthcare industry Balancing the societal benefits and risks of big data necessitates ongoing ethical reviews and adherence to evolving guidelines.

Continuous improvement in ethical data practices is essential, respecting patient privacy, autonomy, and consent throughout the data lifecycle.

This involves providing individuals with control over their data usage, ensuring informed consent, and respecting their right to withdraw from data-sharing arrangements.

Overall, a comprehensive ethical approach is crucial to building trust and responsibly advancing pharmacovigilance practices in the era of big data.

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CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING ETHICAL DATA USE IN NIGERIAN PHARMACOVIGILANCE Transitioning to the Nigerian context, implementing ethical data use in pharmacovigilance faces unique challenges arising from regulatory complexities, cultural nuances, and infrastructure limitations. The regulatory environment in Nigeria demands adaptation to effectively incorporate big data, emphasizing the importance of aligning frameworks with both international standards and local needs. Cultural factors contribute to varying perceptions of health data privacy, necessitating communication strategies that resonate with diverse populations.

Addressing infrastructure limitations, including uneven technology access, is crucial for the effective utilization of big data in pharmacovigilance. Health-tech unicorns, such as GenesysHMIS, strive to bridge these gaps by actively participating in annual health-related technological innovations that contribute to improved patient care outcomes. Successfully overcoming these challenges requires context-specific solutions to ensure the ethical integration of big data into the Nigerian healthcare landscape.

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BENEFITS OF ETHICAL DATA USE IN NIGERIAN PHARMACOVIGILANCE Navigating the intricacies of ethical data use in Nigerian pharmacovigilance unfolds significant benefits that extend far beyond the immediate challenges.

These advantages not only enhance patient outcomes but also contribute to the overall robustness of the healthcare system in Nigeria.

Improved Patient Outcomes: Ethical data use in pharmacovigilance facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of drug effects on diverse patient populations. By incorporating data from various sources and considering local nuances, healthcare providers can tailor interventions to specific patient profiles. This personalized approach has the potential to improve treatment outcomes, reduce adverse reactions, and optimize therapeutic strategies, ensuring that healthcare interventions are more aligned with the needs of the Nigerian population.

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BENEFITS OF ETHICAL DATA USE IN NIGERIAN PHARMACOVIGILANCE Enhanced Regulatory Oversight: Ethical data practices empower regulatory bodies in Nigeria to exercise more effective oversight over the pharmaceutical landscape. Real-time monitoring of drug safety data enables regulatory agencies to promptly identify emerging safety concerns and take swift action. This proactive approach can lead to quicker recalls or adjustments in drug usage guidelines, thereby minimizing potential harm to patients. Strengthened regulatory oversight not only protects the public but also instils confidence in the healthcare system.

Increased Confidence Among Stakeholders: Ethical data use fosters trust among various stakeholders in the healthcare ecosystem. Patients, healthcare providers, pharmaceutical companies, and regulatory bodies are more likely to collaborate when they have confidence in the integrity of the data and the ethical principles governing its use. This trust is foundational for effective pharmacovigilance efforts, encouraging open communication, information sharing, and a collective commitment to patient safety.

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RESPONSES TO LOCAL HEALTH CHALLENGES: Nigeria faces unique health challenges influenced by factors such as infectious diseases, cultural practices, and socio-economic disparities. Ethical data use allows pharmacovigilance practitioners to capture and analyze data specific to these challenges. An innovative approach is the Disease Trend Report feature of GeneSys HMIS, which can track and monitor – say, TB spread over a chosen time frame. This nuanced understanding enables the development of targeted interventions and public health strategies. By addressing health issues in a context-specific manner, pharmacovigilance can contribute significantly to improving health outcomes in Nigeria. In essence, the benefits of ethical data use in Nigerian pharmacovigilance extend beyond the immediate scope of drug safety monitoring. They permeate through the entire healthcare ecosystem, contributing to a more patient-centric, transparent, and resilient healthcare system.

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PATIENT ENGAGEMENT AND EMPOWERMENT IN NIGERIAN PHARMACOVIGILANCE In the multifaceted landscape of Nigerian pharmacovigilance, patient engagement stands as a linchpin for the success of initiatives aimed at ensuring drug safety. Given the diverse and dynamic nature of healthcare in Nigeria, this section delves deeply into the strategies essential for engaging and empowering patients within the pharmacovigilance process.

Education Campaigns: In Nigerian pharmacovigilance, education stands as a key pillar in promoting patient engagement. Comprehensive campaigns are essential, going beyond basic information dissemination to provide a nuanced understanding of the importance of reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Tailoring education campaigns to the Nigerian cultural context, using locally relevant examples and language, ensures that patients from diverse backgrounds comprehend the significance of pharmacovigilance in safeguarding their health. By demystifying the process, these campaigns empower patients to actively participate in reporting ADRs, fostering a sense of ownership in collectively enhancing drug safety.

Culturally Sensitive Communication: In a country as culturally rich and diverse as Nigeria, effective patient engagement hinges on communication that is not only clear but also culturally sensitive. Healthcare decisions are often influenced by cultural beliefs and practices, and pharmacovigilance initiatives must acknowledge and respect these nuances. Communication strategies should be designed to resonate with the cultural diversity within Nigeria. This involves employing vernacular languages, incorporating traditional communication channels, and collaborating with

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PATIENT ENGAGEMENT AND EMPOWERMENT IN NIGERIAN PHARMACOVIGILANCE community leaders to disseminate information. By aligning with cultural norms, pharmacovigilance messages become more relatable and are more likely to resonate with patients, thus encouraging their active participation in reporting ADRs.

Leveraging Technology for Accessibility: In the digital age, leveraging technology is pivotal for ensuring broad accessibility to pharmacovigilance information. Mobile phones, which are widely accessible in Nigeria, can serve as powerful tools for patient engagement. Developing user-friendly Patient Telemedicine applications, SMS-based reporting systems, and interactive websites can empower patients to easily report ADRs and access information about drug safety and authenticity.

Efforts should be made to ensure that these technological solutions are user-friendly, language-appropriate, and considerate of varying levels of digital literacy. By harnessing technology, pharmacovigilance initiatives can transcend geographical barriers and reach a diverse range of patients, ensuring that patient engagement is inclusive and comprehensive.

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FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND INNOVATIONS IN NIGERIAN PHARMACOVIGILANCE As we peer into the future of pharmacovigilance in Nigeria, the trajectory is marked by a confluence of technological advancements, data analytics breakthroughs, and collaborative endeavours among diverse stakeholders. This section explores the multifaceted aspects that shape the evolving landscape of pharmacovigilance in the Nigerian context.

Technological advancements, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), are driving the future of pharmacovigilance in Nigeria. AI algorithms analyze vast datasets, identifying patterns and correlations for more effective drug safety monitoring. Machine learning's adaptability promises improved predictive models for adverse drug reactions, enhancing risk assessments. The integration of wearable devices and mobile health applications enables real-time data collection. Patients actively contribute valuable information on drug effects, adherence, and experiences. Wearable sensors, integrated with smartphones, provide continuous health data streams, allowing pharmacovigilance practitioners to monitor drug safety in near real-time and respond swiftly to emerging concerns.

Advancements in Data Analytics are closely tied to the future of pharmacovigilance in Nigeria. Beyond managing vast amounts of big data, the focus shifts to extracting meaningful insights for informed decision-making.

Techniques like natural language processing (NLP) and predictive modelling offer refined tools for analyzing unstructured data from sources such as social media and clinical notes. NLP extracts valuable information from textual data, enhancing understanding of patient experiences, while predictive modelling enables practitioners to anticipate adverse reactions, facilitating proactive risk mitigation.

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FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND INNOVATIONS IN NIGERIAN PHARMACOVIGILANCE Collaborative Initiatives are essential for shaping the future of pharmacovigilance in Nigeria. Partnerships among government agencies, healthcare providers, pharmaceutical companies, and stakeholders create a synergistic approach to drug safety. Collaborative initiatives involve not just data sharing but also collective decision-making, resource pooling, and joint research. Government agencies provide the regulatory framework and infrastructure, collaborating with healthcare providers for enhanced data collection and pharmaceutical companies for industry expertise. Patient advocacy groups and non-governmental organizations ensure the patient perspective remains central in pharmacovigilance initiatives.

Collaborative Initiatives Involve Not Just Data Sharing But Also Collective DecisionMaking, Resource Pooling, and Joint Research In summary, the integration of big data into pharmacovigilance heralds a transformative era, particularly in Nigeria. While presenting unprecedented opportunities, it demands a nuanced ethical framework. Overcoming challenges specific to the Nigerian context requires tailored solutions. Ethical data use not only benefits patient outcomes but also fortifies regulatory oversight, instils stakeholder confidence, addresses local health challenges and paves the way for future innovations in collaborative pharmacovigilance. Patient engagement emerges as a critical aspect, necessitating culturally sensitive education, technology leverage, and a collective commitment to shaping the future of drug safety in Nigeria through collaborative initiatives.

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EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

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NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DRUG DELIVERY, DIAGNOSTICS, AND DISEASE MONITORING. - Lerah Nwibani

yet huge innovation is making giant strides in transforming healthcare as we know it.

Nanotechnology has revolutionized the fields of medicine and healthcare, offering innovative solutions for drug delivery, diagnostics, and disease monitoring. At the heart of these advancements are nanoscale materials and devices that operate at the molecular or atomic level.

Nanotechnology, a cutting-edge field operating at the nanoscale, has to be one of the greatest advancements of the 20th century. Dealing with structures at the atomic and molecular level, this discipline's rise is fueled by its promise to revolutionize industries. Its ability to manipulate matter at such a tiny scale opens doors to unprecedented possibilities. In medicine and healthcare, nanotechnology takes centre stage, offering novel solutions for diagnostics, drug delivery, and treatment. Join us on a journey through the minuscule wonders of nanotech and explore how these seemingly tiny,

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In drug delivery, nanotechnology enables the design and fabrication of nanoparticles that can encapsulate drugs, protecting them from degradation and improving their delivery to specific target sites within the body. These nanoparticles can be engineered to release drugs gradually, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. Additionally, nanocarriers can overcome biological barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier, facilitating the delivery of drugs to previously inaccessible areas.

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Nanoparticles also play a crucial role in diagnostics by providing highly sensitive and specific imaging agents. Quantum dots and gold nanoparticles, for example, exhibit unique optical properties that make them excellent contrast agents for imaging techniques like fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. This enhanced imaging capability allows for early and accurate disease detection, enabling timely intervention and improved patient outcomes.

Furthermore, nanotechnology has transformed disease monitoring through the development of nanosensors. These sensors can detect specific biomarkers associated with various diseases, providing real-time data for continuous monitoring. Implantable or wearable nanodevices equipped with these sensors offer a non-invasive and personalized approach to monitoring health parameters.

For instance, nanoscale biosensors can detect changes in glucose levels for diabetes management or monitor cardiac biomarkers for cardiovascular health.

The integration of nanotechnology into these medical applications brings several advantages. The nanoscale size of these materials allows for precise interactions at the cellular and molecular levels, reducing off-target effects and enhancing therapeutic specificity. Moreover, the multifunctionality of nanoparticles enables the combination of diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities within a single platform, creating synergistic approaches to disease management.

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Despite these promising advancements, challenges such as biocompatibility, longterm safety, and scalability need to be addressed for widespread clinical implementation.

Ethical considerations regarding the use of nanotechnology in medicine also require careful attention.

In conclusion, nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force in drug delivery, diagnostics, and disease monitoring. The ability to manipulate materials at the nanoscale has paved the way for more effective and personalized medical interventions. As research continues, the potential for nanotechnology to reshape the landscape of healthcare remains vast, offering new possibilities for diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of various diseases.

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The Dawn of Quantum Computing in Drug Discovery: Transforming Pharmaceuticals.

by Lerah Nwibani

The convergence of quantum computing and drug discovery marks a monumental shift in the pharmaceutical landscape, unlocking unprecedented possibilities and redefining the boundaries of what is achievable in the realm of medicine.

Traditional drug discovery, a painstakingly intricate process, relies heavily on simulating the interactions of molecules, a computational challenge of immense proportions. Enter quantum computing—a paradigm-shifting technology harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics. Unlike classical computers that use bits to represent information as either 0 or 1, quantum computers leverage qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously. This unique capability empowers quantum computers to process vast datasets and navigate complex molecular structures with unparalleled efficiency.

Quantum computers excel in tackling complex optimization problems inherent in drug discovery. They can explore an enormous number of molecular configurations simultaneously, drastically reducing the time required for simulations. This quantum advantage holds the potential to accelerate the identification of promising drug candidates, hastening the journey from laboratory discovery to clinical application.

One of the most promising applications of quantum computing in drug discovery lies in its ability to decipher complex biological processes. Quantum algorithms can analyze intricate interactions within biological systems, shedding light on the

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molecular mechanisms underlying diseases. This deeper understanding allows for the targeted design of drugs with enhanced efficacy and specificity.

The integration of quantum computing into drug discovery isn't merely about speed; it's about unravelling biological puzzles that were once deemed too complex.

Quantum algorithms can simulate the behaviour of molecules, predict their properties, and facilitate the design of customized drug compounds tailored to specific molecular targets. This level of precision holds the potential to revolutionize personalized medicine, ushering in an era where treatments are finely tuned to an individual's unique genetic makeup.

As quantum computing continues to evolve, the synergy between its computational prowess and the intricacies of drug discovery offers a transformative trajectory for pharmaceuticals. While challenges remain, including error correction and scalability, the dawn of quantum computing in drug discovery promises a future where the once arduous path from molecule to medicine becomes a quantum leap forward in precision, efficiency, and therapeutic innovation.

Quantum computing's impact on drug discovery extends beyond acceleration; it introduces a paradigm shift in computational methodologies. Traditional computers struggle with the sheer complexity of simulating quantum systems, hindering our ability to model molecular behaviour accurately. Quantum computers, on the other hand, thrive in this environment, enabling simulations that were previously

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inconceivable. The versatility of quantum algorithms allows researchers to explore chemical spaces more comprehensively. This exploration goes beyond the limitations imposed by classical computing methods, offering a quantum advantage in uncovering novel drug candidates. By harnessing quantum superposition and entanglement, these computers bring an unprecedented level of sophistication to molecular simulations, empowering scientists to navigate intricate biological landscapes with finesse.

Moreover, the collaborative nature of quantum computing with classical techniques creates a hybrid approach, addressing the current constraints of quantum systems.

This synergistic integration leverages the strengths of both quantum and classical computers, promising robust solutions for complex problems in drug discovery.

Quantum algorithms can analyze vast datasets related to patient responses and biomarker interactions, guiding the development of more efficient and personalized therapeutic regimens. This holistic approach has the potential to reshape clinical trial design, leading to quicker identification of effective treatments while minimizing adverse effects.

Despite the promises, challenges persist, including the need for error correction, improved qubit stability, and enhanced scalability. Researchers and technology pioneers are actively addressing these hurdles to unleash the full potential of quantum computing in the pharmaceutical domain.

In conclusion, the dawn of quantum computing in drug discovery marks a transformative era where the marriage of quantum and classical computational methods revolutionizes our approach to developing pharmaceuticals. From expediting drug identification to refining personalized treatments, quantum computing stands as a beacon of innovation, propelling us into a future where the once-daunting challenges of drug discovery become navigable frontiers of scientific exploration.

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DIGITAL HEALTH TRANSFORMATION

HOW DIGITAL HEALTH IS REVOLUTIONIZING THE HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS LANDSCAPE -

Ngoziamaka Nweke

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The healthcare industry is undergoing significant transformation, with digital health technologies at the forefront of this change. These technologies are redefining traditional roles and responsibilities of healthcare professionals, making it imperative to explore how they are revolutionizing the industry. This article aims to shed light on the fact that digital health is not merely a tool, but a lifestyle orientation. The integration of digital health technologies is reshaping how healthcare professionals work, operate, and deliver care. It is expected to have a substantial impact on the future of healthcare, with a paradigm shift in how healthcare is perceived, delivered, and experienced. The current healthcare landscape is transitioning to a new era that recognizes the value of digital health technologies in enhancing patient outcomes, improving efficiency, and optimizing the healthcare ecosystem.

Some of the most significant advancements in the healthcare industry include:

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1. Electronic Health Records (EHRs): EHRs replace paper charts with comprehensive digital records of a patient's medical history, including diagnoses, medications, treatment plans, immunizations, allergies, radiology images, and laboratory test results. EHRs allow for easy sharing of patient information among healthcare providers, promoting coordinated and efficient care.

2. Telemedicine and Telehealth: Telemedicine uses technology to enable remote healthcare services, such as virtual consultations, remote monitoring, and telehealth platforms.

Patients can receive diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care without leaving their homes.

3. Health Apps and Wearable Technology: Mobile health (mHealth) apps and wearable devices, such as fitness trackers, smartwatches, and nutrition apps, track various aspects of health and wellness.

Wearable technology promotes continuous health monitoring and encourages individuals to take an active role in managing their wellbeing.

Electronic Health Records (EHRs)

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Telemedicine and Telehealth

Health Apps and Wearable Technology

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5. Digital Imaging and Diagnostics: Digital imaging technologies, like Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS), store, retrieve, and share medical images like Xrays, CT scans, and MRIs. Digital diagnostics use advanced algorithms and artificial intelligence to assist in interpreting medical images and diagnosing diseases.

6. Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare: AI helps with diagnostic assistance, predictive analytics, and personalized medicine.

Machine learning algorithms analyze large datasets to identify patterns, predict patient outcomes, and help healthcare professionals make informed decisions.

7. Blockchain Technology: Blockchain ensures secure and transparent management of health data, ensuring data integrity, privacy, and interoperability while addressing concerns related to data security and access control in healthcare.

Electronic Health Records (EHRs)

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare

Blockchain Technology

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8. E-prescribing: E-prescribing systems allow healthcare providers to send prescriptions electronically, reducing errors associated with traditional paper prescriptions and improving medication management.

These tools are transforming healthcare workflows, resulting in higher levels of efficiency. Electronic Health Records (EHRs), telemedicine platforms, and communication applications are replacing the cumbersome paperwork that has traditionally plagued the healthcare industry. This development has allowed healthcare professionals to devote more time to patient care. As a result, automated processes have minimized errors, facilitated information exchange, and enabled seamless collaboration among healthcare teams, creating a highly streamlined and efficient working environment. This paradigm shift has been a boon to the healthcare industry, and it has paved the way for even greater advancements in the field of digital health.

Telemedicine has also overcome geographical barriers, allowing patients to have exceptional access to medical expertise while reducing the burden on physical healthcare facilities.

This development has allowed healthcare professionals to devote more time to patient care

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ADOPTION CHALLENGES AND CONSIDERATIONS. While the benefits are evident, the adoption of digital health tools comes with its set of challenges for healthcare professionals. Resistance to change, concerns about data security, and the learning curve associated with new technologies are common hurdles. It is imperative to address these challenges through comprehensive training programs, user-friendly interfaces, and robust cybersecurity measures to ensure a smooth transition and optimal utilization of digital health solutions.

Future trends and advancements in digital health are constantly evolving and reshaping healthcare professionals' roles. With the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning, diagnosis and treatment planning are becoming more efficient and accurate, providing healthcare professionals with valuable insights and decision-making support. Additionally, the integration of wearable technology and sensors into healthcare systems is offering continuous health monitoring, allowing for a more comprehensive view of patient's health status. The emergence of blockchain technology is also promising to improve the security and interoperability of health data, further advancing the digital healthcare landscape.

In conclusion, digital health is transforming the healthcare industry, and the future looks bright!

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CODING HEALTHIER HABITS: HOW GAMIFICATION LEVELS UP PATIENT ENGAGEMENT IN DIGITAL HEALTH NgozIamaka Nweke

The field of digital health is constantly evolving, and one of the most significant developments is the integration of Gamification. This approach involves incorporating game elements and principles into non-game situations, which can make routine tasks more engaging and enjoyable. In healthcare, gamification is a new way to promote healthy habits among patients, leading to a revolution in patient engagement.

Patient engagement is crucial for the success of healthcare interventions, as it encourages patients to follow their treatment plans, adopt healthier lifestyles, and actively participate in their well-being. However, traditional methods of patient engagement often face difficulties in maintaining patient interest and motivation. This is where gamification comes in as a dynamic solution to captivate and involve patients in their healthcare journey.

Coding healthier habits involves creating sustainable behaviour change. Gamification provides a powerful tool for achieving this by incorporating game elements such as points, rewards, and challenges into health apps. It can transform mundane tasks like medication adherence or physical activity into engaging experiences. The competitive or cooperative nature of games can foster a sense of community, further motivating individuals to stay committed to their health goals.

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One of the Most Significant Challenges is Striking the Right Balance Between Entertainment and Functionality to Avoid Trivializing Serious Health Issues

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7th Edition For instance, fitness apps use leaderboards and achievement badges to encourage users to surpass their limits.

Medication reminder apps employ gamelike elements to make the process of adhering to medication schedules more interactive. These examples demonstrate the versatility of gamification in addressing various aspects of healthcare and wellness.

Like any other novel concept, Gamification has its challenges. One of the most significant challenges is striking the right balance between entertainment and functionality to avoid trivializing serious health issues. In addition, ensuring accessibility and inclusivity is crucial to accommodate diverse user demographics. Developers must also be cognizant of ethical considerations and data privacy, given that gamified health apps collect sensitive user information.

While gamification holds great potential in promoting health and wellness, it is critical to acknowledge and address the challenges it poses. By prioritizing ethical, inclusive, and privacy-conscious practices, developers and stakeholders can ensure that gamified solutions effectively serve the intended purpose while protecting the users' interests.

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GNS/24/01/00007 With the rapid advancement of technology, the future of promoting healthy habits through gamification looks bright. Utilizing personalized algorithms and artificial intelligence can improve the adaptability and effectiveness of gamified health interventions. In addition, virtual reality and augmented reality are expected to contribute to creating more immersive and engaging health experiences.

Furthermore, the development of wearable technology opens new opportunities for real-time monitoring and feedback, making gamification an essential component of comprehensive healthcare strategies.

To sum up, gamification can be a gamechanger in terms of enhancing patient engagement in healthcare. Although implementing gamification in healthcare might present some challenges, it is possible to overcome these obstacles by prioritizing ethical, inclusive, and privacyconscious practices. By doing so, developers and stakeholders can ensure that gamified solutions are effective while protecting users' interests. In conclusion, the future of promoting healthy habits through gamification looks bright, and it will be exciting to see how developers will continue to innovate in this area.

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DIGITAL HEALTH AND HEALTH EQUITY: HOW DIGITAL HEALTH CAN ADDRESS HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES AND IMPROVE ACCESS TO QUALITY CARE FOR UNDERSERVED POPULATIONS By: Ibraheem Olasunkanmi Qoseem

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By standard healthcare is a basic human right, but not everyone has equal access to it. The unfair or unequal access to healthcare between populations shows the ways in which socioeconomic power distribution determines individual risks and opportunities including access to stable and safe housing, food, and water; and access to appropriate health services (Solar and Irwin, 2010).

Health equity is the significant efforts channelled towards reducing or eliminating health disparities. The concept of health equity is viewed as human rights and an effort to fight against structural violence and institutional discrimination (Institute NOMADIC | 24 for Healthcare Improvement, 2021).

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According to Gwatkin (2000), it was revealed that disparities in health are often observed between high, middle, and low-income countries, with a very despicable effect on vulnerable people among the populations. Healthcare disparities exist when certain populations experience a disproportionate burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality compared to others. Unequal access to healthcare is consequential in the increase in the global morbidity and mortality rate and it does not only impact the quality of life but also has toll effects on the workforce and education (Baciu et al., 2017).

The fast-rising digital innovation has yielded greater transformations across all sectors including health. Its ripple effect has led to effortless communication and connectivity by millions of people. Notwithstanding, it is also a game changer in health as it has helped in bridging the wider gap in health delivery. The digital innovation in health includes virtual health, mobile health apps (m-health), wearable devices, the Internet of medical things, artificial intelligence, and machine learning and blockchain. With the promising breakthrough offered by digital health, addressing health disparities and improving healthcare access by rural communities is practically feasible.

Bridging Health Disparities: The Role of Digital Health Recently, the adoption of digital health for treatment has shown a greater turnaround in bridging the health gap in remote communities and improving quality care. The following are the digital health tools that have been efficient and effective in bridging health disparities.

Internet of Things in Health The healthcare facilities in rural communities are often less sophisticated which could impact the quality of care negatively. With the Internet of Things, wearable devices that use combined hardware, software and app development will help patients in the early detection of diseases and monitoring of patient’s health status. The examples of IoT devices are wearable fitness trackers and smart health watch (Nico et al., 2020).

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Health Information Exchange (HIE) Health information exchange is one of the digital solutions that enable healthcare providers to safely exchange patients' health records electronically, leading to coordinated patient care and the elimination of repeated health services. It is also useful for public health researchers to facilitate disease surveillance and outbreak detection within the population.

Mobile health (mHealth): Over time, patients face the challenges of having to be in a long queue for service as simple as a medical checkup, which has resulted in wasted resources and efforts. Through mobile health apps such avoidable stresses have been mitigated; patients regardless of their location and race can take charge of their health with self-management tools, personalized health information, medication, and appointment reminders (Zahid Ali, 2023).

Electronic Health Record (EHR) System With the advent of electronic health record systems, the issues of medical errors and data loss which had led to multiple health complications had been reduced to the barest minimum. Patients can now have access to their information and healthcare providers can electronically share patients' information hitch-free to improve health outcomes.

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Telemedicine Most healthcare facility in rural communities that needs specialized clinical services could not access it, leaving patients with the choice to travel to urban area for appropriate treatment with the implication of increased healthcare cost but with the advent of telemedicine people in this category can receive quality care remotely. It enables the provider to diagnose, treat and monitor patients through remote monitoring devices and video conferences (Zahid Ali, 2023).

Challenges Affecting the Access to Digital Health 1. Lack of supporting infrastructure: in developing countries, infrastructural barriers militating against people accessing the internet are electricity and internet connection. If every house can afford mobile phones or computers unstable power supply may hinder connectivity.

2. Inaccessibility: In low and middle-income countries, mobile phones and computers are luxuries too expensive for them to afford. Aged people also cannot read text with small fonts. People living with disabilities, especially the deaf may not have access to podcasts and other sound information and the blind cannot have access to visual content. Language barrier is another challenge because most of the digital information is written in English language.

3. Lack of digital skills: It is a different thing to have the infrastructure and be abled, another is for the users to be digitally literate. Navigating through the internet requires digital skills which most people in rural communities do not have and as a result may hinder digital accessibility.

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GNS/24/01/00007 Navigating Barriers to Digital Health Inclusion

The government, Non-Governmental Organizations and tech companies have significant roles to play in bridging digital health delivery. The government has the general power to make digital inclusion policies that reflect culture, practice, and power relationships and it must not only target able people but also address the barriers facing people living with disabilities. The government can also help in facilitating and supporting the efforts of organizations in reaching remote areas. While the NGOs and tech companies can provide myriads of services including digital skills training and create and boost free local access to the internet, especially for low-income families. Tech companies should pay cognizant attention to people living with disabilities which according to the World Health Organization estimated to be about 15 percent of the world population. These people are faced with unique challenges in accessing information; a deaf challenge is different from blind challenges, so it is therefore essential for tech companies to uniquely design digital solutions that enable fairness and equal accessibility.

CONCLUSION Disparity in health is a contemporary challenge that has over time in existence.

The geometric progression of digital health in healthcare delivery is a proven effort that has increasingly impacted the healthcare experiences of patients, providers, and others across the industry. If proper energies and resources are adequately expended in digital health, it would yield greater development and contribute to health disparities for socially disadvantaged groups.

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RECAP

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X-SPACE RECAP: DEMOCRATIZING ACCESS TO PATIENT’S ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD Our just concluded X-Space explored the importance of patients having access to their electronic health records. The x-space was graced by individuals in great professions like cyber security and healthcare. Our external panellists were occupied by the very dynamic and seasoned trio of Dr. Terry jadono who is a seasoned healthcare professional with extensive expertise in electronic health records (EHR) and electronic medical records (EMR)., Dr. Iretioluwa Akerele also who is a multi-award-winning cybersecurity professional., and Gbolabo Awelewa, CISM, C|CISO, CHFI, MBA, who is a highly experienced business information systems and enterprise security architect.

Dr. Terry opened with his take on how democratization of patient access to electronic medical records contributes to improving healthcare outcomes and patient's engagements.

Putting this plainly, it is the means by which patients have access to their medical records, he cited Nigeria as a case study, where patients have little or no idea about their health conditions, the reality is patients are not given the opportunity Dr. Terry Jadono to own their health information due to a lack of electronic health records (EHR) in place. From a patient perspective, he stressed that patients lack information about their health conditions, symptoms, treatments and other vital details due to the current opacity surrounding their medical records. He further went on to highlight from the healthcare point that all healthcare professionals need to be trained in how to access and navigate the emerging electronic health records. From a patient perspective, the older generation are yet to catch on to the tech wave in the sector and a way to tackle this is constant enlightenments and trainings

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From a Cybersecurity perspective, Gbolabo Awelewa shared that to ensure democratized access to medical records without compromising patient privacy and data security starts from an operational point of view by obtaining informed consent from the patient, also anonymizing data so specific information on the patient is removed in other not to identify the patient directly when electronic records are shared. He went further to Gbolabo Awelewa state that a very important operational measure that’s required is the implementation of strong access controls and limit access to electronic medical records through the popular multi-factor authentication that’s used across a lot of platforms today. Also, role-based access controls help with the knowledge of knowing who had access or control to patients’ electronic health record. Lastly, the technical part which is the encryption of data, most especially for hospitals or organizations trying to go completely digital to protect from unauthorized access.

Gbolabo also touched on vulnerabilities that might exist in the current system that could be exploited, one of which could be outdated software and security patches. A means to proactively address these would be for healthcare organizations to actively check for updates by setting up an admin that would be in charge of checking for updates, new vulnerabilities and to generally identify and monitor everything, also weak authentication – this is for EMR systems with weak passwords that should be enhanced to take advantage of complex password scheme, healthcare organizations systems should use stronger passwords to avoid hack attacks, inadequate access controls (from a Hacker perspective), most importantly unsecure data storage from a providers standpoint.

Dr. Iretioluwa Akerele brought her perspective on how access control measures can be effectively implemented to ensure only authorized personnel access electronic health records using best practice and framework, one of which is the ISO27001 controls. Following these controls, hospitals and providers can have control over who has access to the electronic health records (EHR), also having proper audit checks and regular security checks.

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Dr. Iretioluwa Akerele

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Call For Product Placement

SEND AN EMAIL TO US: editorial@genesys-health.com

Consuming caffeine before a workout may not only enhance performance but also reduce muscle pain during exercise. It's believed to block certain pain receptors.

The act of chewing gum has been associated with improved cognitive performance, including better memory and increased alertness.

A short nap (20-30 minutes) during the day has been linked to a lower risk of heart disease. It may help reduce stress and lower blood pressure.

The color blue is believed to act as an appetite suppressant, while colors like red and yellow may stimulate hunger. This psychological influence is often used in restaurant decor.

The sense of smell is strongly linked to memory. Certain scents, like lavender, have been shown to enhance memory and improve mood.

Exposure to natural sunlight may help protect against nearsightedness (myopia) in children.

Spending time outdoors has been associated with a lower risk of developing myopia.

Interacting with pets, particularly dogs, has been shown to lower stress levels and reduce the production of the stress hormone cortisol.

Listening to music can have a pain-relieving effect. It may reduce the perception of pain and promote a sense of wellbeing.

Experiencing positive emotions, such as joy and happiness, has been linked to a lower risk of heart disease. The "feelgood" effect can have tangible benefits for cardiovascular health.

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Maintaining good posture not only benefits physical health but also influences mental and emotional states.

Adopting an upright posture can enhance confidence and mood.

Earwax isn't just a nuisance; it contains antimicrobial properties that help fend off infections. The type of earwax one has (wet or dry) is determined by genetics and may influence susceptibility to certain diseases.

Left-handed individuals may have a lower risk of developing allergies.

The reasons behind this correlation are not fully understood but could be linked to how the brain's hemispheres influence the immune system.

Men and women's shopping preferences can be influenced by hormonal fluctuations.

Studies suggest that women may be more prone to seek variety in purchases during the ovulatory phase of their menstrual cycle.

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Cryotherapy, exposing the body to extremely cold temperatures for a short period, is believed to aid muscle recovery by reducing inflammation and promoting blood flow.

Fingernails tend to grow faster during the day than at night.

Additionally, they grow faster during summer than in winter.

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Trivia In what year was Genesys Health established?

Can you name one unique feature of Genesys Health?

What version of Genesys is coming?

What are three core values that define our company culture?

In how many countries does our company have a presence?

What upcoming project or goal do have for Genesys Health?

Can you name Genesys Health colors?

How does our company prioritize and enhance the customer experience?

Can you share one customer success story or testimonial?

How does our company ensure effective internal communication?

Can you name two communication tools or platforms used within the company?

Share one example of how our company has innovated its products or services.

How does customer feedback contribute to product/service improvements?

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In what Health Tech Journal edition can you find the coconut Tree of life Article?

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Health and Well-Being Word Search Play the cross-puzzle with the link below

https://wordsearchlabs.com/view/454886

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References Quantum Computing Promises to Overhaul Computational Drug Discovery – Omics tutorials. (n.d.).

Retrieved November 14, 2023, from https://omicstutorials.com/quantum-computing-promises-tooverhaul-computational-drug-discovery/ Gupta, S., Modgil, S., Bhatt, P. C., Chiappetta Jabbour, C. J., & Kamble, S. (2022). Quantum computing led innovation for achieving a more sustainable Covid-19 healthcare industry.

Technovation, 102544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2022.102544 Maini, F. (2022, May 25). The ethical paradox: Regulation keeping pace with technology. Retrieved November 28, 2023, from Med-Tech Innovation website: https://www.med-technews.com/medtechinsights/medtech-regulatory-insights/the-ethical-paradox-regulation-keeping-pace-with-technology/ OECD. (2021). Home. Retrieved November 28, 2023, from www.oecd-ilibrary.org website: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/70df2cab-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/70df2caben StartUs Insights. (2021, March 5). Top 10 BioTech Industry Trends & Innovations in 2021. Retrieved November 28, 2023, from StartUs Insights website: https://www.startus-insights.com/innovatorsguide/top-10-biotech-industry-trends-innovations-in-2021/ Todi, S. (2021). Innovation in biotechnology: Ethical and regulatory Challenges. In www.orfonline.org.

Retrieved from https://www.orfonline.org/wpcontent/uploads/2021/04/ORF_IssueBrief_457_Innovation-Biotech.pdf WHO. (2015). WHO | ethical standards and procedures for research with human beings. Who.int. https://doi.org/entity/ethics/research/en/index.html NAFDAC. (2016, May 23). https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/wpcontent/uploads/Files/Resources/Guidelines/PVG_GUIDELINES/NAFDAC-Guidelines-on-GoodPharmacovigilance-Practice.pdf Rossello, J. (2023a, November 28). AI and Real-Time Drug Safety Monitoring: Revolutionizing Pharmacovigilance Practices.

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References Adler-Milstein, J., DesRoches, C. M., Kralovec, P., Foster, G., Worzala, C., Charles, D., Searcy, T., & Jha, A. K. (2015). Electronic Health Record Adoption In US Hospitals: Progress Continues, But Challenges Persist. Health Affairs, 34(12), 2174–2180. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0992 Blandford, A., Wesson, J., Amalberti, R., AlHazme, R., & Allwihan, R. (2020). Opportunities and challenges for telehealth within, and beyond, a pandemic. The Lancet Global Health, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30362-4 Parish, J. M. (2015). The Patient Will See You Now: The Future of Medicine is in Your HandsTopolEric, editor. MD (author) Basic Books: New York, NY. Hard cover 384 p.First edition.

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