THE EVOLUTION OF HEAD PROTECTION IN CONSTRUCTION: TRANSITIONING FROM HARD HATS TO HELMETS

THE EVOLUTION OF HEAD PROTECTION IN CONSTRUCTION: TRANSITIONING FROM HARD HATS TO HELMETS

BY JIM MCGUGAN, GBCA SAFETY CONSULTANT | MED-TEX SERVICES, INC.

In recent years, the construction industry has seen a significant shift in head protection with the introduction of a new style of safety helmet. While traditional hard hats have long been the standard, the newer helmet designs are garnering attention for their enhanced ability to protect workers from a wider range of hazards. This shift is driven by a deeper understanding of the diverse risks faced on job sites, beyond just falling objects.

A New Focus on Safety

The primary distinction between the old hard hats and the new helmets is in the scope of protection they offer. Traditional hard hats were designed with a focus on safeguarding workers from overhead hazards, such as falling tools or materials. In contrast, modern safety helmets are designed to address additional risks, particularly those associated with falls and "struck by" incidents. These helmets not only meet the ANSI Z89 standards required for head protection in the U.S., but many also comply with the European EN 397 standards, providing a higher level of safety assurance.

Type I vs. Type II Head Protection

It is important to understand the two types of head protection commonly available: Type I and Type II. Type I head protection offers top-impact protection, designed primarily to shield the head from objects falling directly from above. On the other hand, Type II protection is more comprehensive, defending against both top and side impacts. Some of the newer helmet designs take this protection further, offering multi-directional impact resistance, making them more effective in dynamic environments like construction sites.

One of the key features of these modern helmets is the inclusion of a chin strap. This ensures that the helmet stays securely in place during falls, slips, trips, or when workers accidentally bump into stationary objects, such as when crouching under beams or climbing ladders. This is a critical improvement, as traditional hard hats can often dislodge during such incidents, reducing their protective effectiveness.

Reducing Fatalities

The introduction of safety helmets in construction is aimed at reducing the number of fatalities caused by head injuries. A study conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) over an eight-year period found that more than half of all fatal falls in the workplace were attributed to head trauma. Between 2003 and 2010, there were 2,200 documented worker deaths due to traumatic brain injuries. In many of these cases, the hard hat came off during the fall, leaving the head unprotected upon impact. Helmets, with their secure chin straps, are designed to stay in place, potentially reducing these tragic incidents.

Another factor to consider is the nature of tasks workers perform on-site. For those frequently bending over, such as electricians or pipefitters, traditional hard hats may frequently fall off, leading workers to remove or improperly wear their head protection. This can be avoided with helmets that remain secure, making it easier for workers to stay protected.

Embracing Change with a New Generation

Interestingly, younger workers seem more inclined to embrace these new safety helmets. Many in this generation are accustomed to wearing similar helmets in their personal lives—whether for biking, skiing, horseback riding, or other recreational activities. This familiarity makes the transition to helmet use on the job site more seamless and contributes to a culture of safety among younger employees.

Key Considerations When Selecting a Helmet

When choosing a helmet for your workforce, it’s essential to assess the specific hazards your employees face during their tasks. Manufacturers provide detailed recommendations on how their helmets should be used, including guidelines on care, warranty, type of protection, and electrical classification. Additionally, understanding the replacement schedule for components, such as the helmet’s suspension system, is vital to ensure continued protection. While the upfront cost of helmets may be higher, the longer lifespan of some models can offset the initial investment, making them a cost-effective solution in the long term.

A Positive Step for the Industry

Overall, the adoption of helmets in the construction industry is a significant step forward in enhancing worker safety. These helmets offer superior protection and are likely to reduce fatalities and serious injuries. For employers, this translates into a safer workforce, reduced downtime due to accidents, and potentially lower insurance costs. By investing in modern head protection, the construction industry can prioritize worker well-being while also benefiting the bottom line.

In conclusion, the transition from traditional hard hats to advanced helmets is not just a trend—it’s a crucial evolution in safeguarding the lives of construction workers. As more companies adopt these helmets, the industry will see the long-term benefits of this enhanced protection.