| Architecture | Urban Conservation | Part - 1

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| Architecture | Urban Conservation | Gaurish Deshpande selected works 2020 - 2022

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| Architecture | Urban Conservation | Gaurish Deshpande + 91 - 8 975 61 0 6 81 | g a u r ish d eshpande 2123@ g mail.com

| Ed ucati on

| Wo r k exper ien ce

2020- 2022 Maste rs in u r b a n co n se r va ti o n | K. R .V. I . A . M u m b a i U n ive rsit y O f M u m b a i

SAH EC st udio M u mbai 2023 | J nr Urban Conservation A rchitect

2014-2019 B ach e lor of a rch i tect u re | B. K. P.S. C.O.A . P u n e S avit r ibai P h u l e P u n e U n i ve rsi t y

Vi kas D ilawari A rchitects M u mbai 2022- 2023 | J nr Conservation A rchitect

2014-2012 I n te r mediate | S. M. Lo h ia ju n i o r co l l eg e Kolh apu r H .S.C.

F reelance proj ects Ko lhapur 2020- 2022 | A rchitect

2002-2012 High sch o ol | S eve n th Da y Ad ve n tist H i g h e r secon dar y sch o o l , Ko l h a p u r I . .C.S. E .

Eco-S olutions pv t . ltd.

P u ne 2019 - 2020 | G reen A rchitect B eri A rchitects and E ngineers pv t . ltd.

Ko lhapur 2018 | Intern S r uj an research planning foundation P u ne 2017 | Summer internship Vijay S ahadev A rchitects La t ur 2016 | Summer internship N av kar A rchitects P u ne 2015 | Summer internship

01 06 05

Aca d e mi c

wo r k 02 07

wo r k

04 03

Professio n a l

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g raphics c re de nt i al s note - a ll co n te n ts a re p rod u ce d by a u th or u n l ess sp e ci fi e d oth e rwi se.

| C o n t e n t s 01

[Re]thinking the cultural integrities in historic urban center | Kolhapur city

01

02

Cultural resilience in the historic core of metro city | Pune city

17

Architectural conservation

03

Kedareshwar Mahadev temple - Grade II B | Mumbai

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Fort conservation

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Tourism management plan for Bassein fort | Vasai

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Samangad fort and its cultural resources | Gadhinglaj

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06

Residential bungalow | Kolhapur

45

07

Farmhouse at Khadakwasla | Pune

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08

Residential appartment | Dhule

51

09

Architectural documentation

53

Historic urban cores

Architectural project

Other works

Historic urban cores

01

[Re]thinking the cultural integrities in historic urban center | Kolhapur city

Project credits :

Masters in urban conservation | Semester IV | 2022 Thesis project - [Re]thinking the cultural integrities in historic urban center Guide - Ar. Vikram Pawar, Ar. Apoorva Iyengar

Site location : About project :

Historic core of Kolhapur The historic urban areas of Indian cities are experiencing higher gentrification and urbanization pressures causing rapid urban transformations. The tansforming natural resources and traditional livelihood patterns of these historic areas are compromised in the planning processes. The increasing insensitive urban redevelopments is hampering the built character resulting in the cultural disintegration.

There is an utmost need to integrate the cultural dimension in the sustainable development process of such historic areas by utilizing the social, economic and environmental identities of the city. This thesis intends to explore the workability of a dynamic concept of cultural integrities which can precisely cover the larger context of the cultural dimension in sustainable development of a city.

This study elaborates on the UNESCO’s recommendation on Historic Urban Landscape framework (2011) applicable for historic cities. It highlights the idea of extensive sustainable conservation of the transforming significant cultural heritage by evaluating, valuing and structuring the tangible and intangible cultural resources. This methodology can possibly strengthen the interlinked social structures and fundamental inter-relations between the nature - culture - people.

The significant historic core of Kolhapur city is chosen for this study which comprises of fortified town in the Karveer region and Shri Mahalakshmi temple as a significant pilgrimage centre which play an important role in establishing the unique cultural identities of the historic core.

Keywords :

Urbanization, cultural dimension, cultural integrities, historic urban landscape, sustainable conservation, community resilience and interlinked social structures.

Research question :

How can we effectively integrate the significant cultural identities and the collective cultural heritage in the sustainable conservation of historic urban center?

Social dimension

Framework : Economical dimension

Sustainable Development

People

Cultural dimension

Traditional communities

C u l t u r a l

i n t e g r i t i e s

Traditional livelihood patterns Environmental dimension

Cultural identities

Significant attributes : Heritage skylines Historic lakes

Sports

New developments Historic structures

Chatrapati Shivaji University

Karvir Sansthan

Transforming natural resources

Food and attires Archaeological sites in heritage core Art Traditional communities Culture driven products Festivals

200 - 1300 A.D. | Early Hindu period | Historical evolution

1300 - 1658 A.D. | Muslim period

1659 - 1838 A.D. | Maratha period

| Identification of significant cultural landscapes and the governance boundaries

| Physiography

| Regional terrain

1838 - 1947 A.D. | British period

1948 - 1990 A.D. | After independence

1990 - 2000 A.D. | During industrialisation

| Identified historic layers in the core area

2000 - 2020 A.D. | Modern period

| Mapping significant heritage and vulnerabilities in historic core

|

|

|

| Community analysis and identifying vulnerabilities

| Scan for more

| Community interventions

| Illustrating the loss of character along primary streets which comprise of cultural markets and traditional community engagements

| Community engagements | Contemporary structures | Heritage structures | Vulnerable traffic conditions

| Interventions along primary market streets

Historic urban cores

02

Cultural resilience in the historic core of metro city | Pune city

Project credits :

Masters in urban conservation | Semester III Urban design studio -Local Area Planning in historic cores | 2021

Associated team :

Teaching staff

Urban conservation Urban design

Role :

Team co-ordination, data collection, interviews of field experts, questionnaire surveys, GIS mapping, on-site field mapping, analysis issues and concerns, mapping vulnerabilities, executing structure plan, individual interventions.

Site location : About project :

Historic core of Pune The diverse and vibrant traditional communities populate existing neighbourhoods in the core areas that are crucial to the local economy. They represent a variety of cultural identities adding up to a distinct character in these fast growing cities. These livelihoods must be involved in the integrated planning process seeking for resilience through sustainable development.

-Ar. Aneerudha Paul, Ar. Vikram Pawar, Ar. Jamshid Bhiwandiwalla, Ar. Ketaki Tare, Ar. Sanaeya Vandrewala -Madhura Zamre, Rajeshwari Sawant, Krutika Rathod -Himanshu Deshpande, Anirudh Bhambure, Swapna Jadhav

The old core of Pune is not confined with any boundary wall, hence the first step was defining the extent of the study area. The study area is delineated according to the administrative divisions of the city which comprises of three wards Kasba peth, Bhavani peth and Vishrambaug ward.

The potential attributes that represent the distinct character of the core along with their vulnerabilities due to the urban transformations, man made or natural disasters were studied in the significant Peths. They comprised of Kasba peth, Raviwar peth, and Budhwar peth.

Keywords :

Local area planning, traditional communities, cultural identities, resilience, sustainable development.

Research question :

Cultural Resilience - How resilient are the traditional communities in historic core areas of Indian metro cities ? How can they be integrated in local area planning process using heritage as a significant tool ?

Tangible heritage

Framework :

Local area plan

Heritage inclusive development

Intangible heritage

Compromised public spaces around heritage Cultural Resilience Heritage walks and increasing mobility patterns

Significant attributes :

Heritage graded structures

Traditional cultural markets facing developments pressures

Metro project from historic core area

Invisible city Loss of character

Heritage walks Vulnerable livelihood patterns

| Mughal sultanate 1650 A.D.

| Maratha empire 1700 A.D.

| British rule 1890 - 1920 A.D.

1820 A.D.

| Historical evolution

02

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| Delineating Peth boundaries in the historic core of Pune 01.

Somawar peth 07.

Raviwar peth 02.

Mangalwar peth 08.

Kasba peth 03.

Budhwar peth 09.

Narayan peth 04.

Guruwar peth 10.

Ganesh peth 05.

Shukruwar peth 11.

Ganj peth 06.

Shaniwar peth 12.

Sadashiv peth

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11

| Vulnerable transitional spaces in old peth areas

04 03

Traditional cultural markets

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| Present day growth 1990 - 2011 A.D.

| Budhwar Peth

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| Industrialisation 1970 - 1990 A.D.

| Kasba Peth

| After Independence 1950 - 1970 A.D.

1920 - 1950 A.D.

01. Tambat community 02. Bhoi community 03. Shimpi community 04. Kumbhar community 05. Bohri community | Oldest Peth areas comprising of traditional livelihood patterns and market areas

| Raviwar Peth

05

| Morphology

| Landuse

| Market driven activities

| Community resilience in Kasba peth

The Kasba peth is the oldest and most vulnerable Peth of Pune that have witnessed rapid transformations from the old core of Kasbe Pune consisting of fishermen, farmers and potters in during Mughal sultanate to Peshwa period suceeded by British empire.

The traditional settlement is along and across the varied physical terrain connecting different small social congregation spaces and common service areas. The Kasba Peth appears to be unplanned in terms of disaster management in the worst climate change situations. Its tiny streets are prone to disaster during rush hour. These tiny streets add up to the character of the area as it is comprised of variety of old wadas and vernacular structures.

The small alleys connecting the common public utility spaces, small temples and residential units can be used in celebratory way by including into the planning process.

Capacity building Infrastructure

-Urban formBuilt heritage and housing Pune resilience Ecological resources

Culture and Community

| Pune resilience | Pune Group - 2021 | Semester III

| Structure Plan | Image credits @ Pune Group - 2021 | LAP studio

| Design intend • To identify and establish the traditionally resilient communities patterns, based on occupation and skillsets.

• Determining the local issues and vulnerabilities that threaten the living conditions. Strengthen their living conditions and social spaces. Identifying social spaces promoting the economy of those livelihoods.

• To preserve and promote social cohesion between the ecosystem, and current businesses of livelihoods based on traditional occupations and skillsets, which represent the intangible heritage of core area of Pune.

• To promote social wellbeing and developing shared community spaces in order to enhance the living conditions of those traditional communities. | Strategies to be used

| Surface runoff direction

• Restoring a direct B2C buying and selling business plans in order to enhance the economic conditions of traditional markets in the Kasba peth by planning better infrastructure and allocating respective temporary market spaces.

• Revitalization of the heritage and social spaces along the heritage setting can act as an effective way to meet the demands of the changing times.

• Improving market conditions as per post covid period guidelines can generate healthy spaces in the crowded areas of Kasba peth. | Expected outcomes • Decentraised and customised temporary markets promoting products with cultural innovations.

• Adressing covid regulations design strategies in core areas.

| Water catchment zones

• Restored interdependencies of heritage structures and livelihood patterns.

• Communtity skillsets promoted for experimental works.

• Cohesive work environment promoting community involvement and establishing P-P-P development model • Cultural development and educating traditional knowledge systems. | Terrain analysis along Kasba peth

| Addressing the

invisible

| Upcoming metro station

| Expected increase in pedestrian movement along main streets towards metro station

Developing heritage inclusive street edges along the planned pathway

| Identified transitional community spaces along narrow streets

Including community livelihood patterns in the heritage walks

| Utilising transitional spaces along the streets for traditional community markets

Major traffic Congestion points

| Identified transitional spaces for setting up cultural markets

Mobility network

A - Exhisting street edge condition along heritage structures.

B - Illuminating street edges considering the heritage facades C - Propoer drainage of surface water runoff.

|A|

|B|

|C|

| Schematic sections illustrating design ideas

|D|

D - Rainwater recharge pits at strategic locations.

E - Community markets along street edges improving the street character and local engagement.

F - Landscaping along the street edge.

|E|

|F|

Architectural conservation

03

Kedareshwar Mahadev temple - Grade II B structure | Mumbai

Project credits : Associated team :

Academic work | Conservation science | 2021.

Madhura Zamre.

Role :

Measured drawing, condition and defect mapping, issue identification, proposal drawings.

Site location : Objectives :

Ward G south-II, CS No. 137, Dr. Annie Besant Road, Mumbai.

• To identify the structural defects of the temple.

• Tocarryouttheconditionassesmentbyobservingandanalysingthematerialquality.

• Proposals for needful tests for interventions.

Project specifications : Site area - 843.9 sq. m.

(Inventory survey) Built up area - 530.3 sq. m.

Built in - 1832 C.E. Ownership status - Trust owned Present use - Religious Past use - Religious Usage - Regular use Value classification

A(arc), A(his), A(cul), B(uu), C(seh), E, J Grade - II B

Architectural significance

A small scale vernacular style temple with mangalore tiled hip roof supported on carved wooden brackets. The structure does not have much ornamentation on facade and exhibits Vernacular temple architecture of the early 19th century.

Internally the Garbhagriha is made of black basalt stone masonry. The structure has brick Shikhara. The plot is densely wooded and has Deepstambha, Samadhi etc. The Deepstambha made in Black Basalt stone is a striking feature of the temple.

Construction details

• Timber framed structure with load bearing walls.

• Wall footing - 2.5 m deep stone masonry (presumption) • 0.6m. high basalt stone coursed masonry plinth • The walls are brick load bearing walls.

• The floor on the temple complex is in vitrified tiles.

S-02

GSPublisherVersion 0.1.100.100

1.238

22.227

+2.460 +2.460 W4

W4

Sill 1.000

Sill 1.000

Room - 2 3000 X 3700 W4

+2.460

Sill 1.000

+2.460

+2.460

+2.460

D11

D5

Hanuman garbha griha 2400 X 4380

+2.460

Sill 0.000

W3

Ganesha garbha griha 2400 X 4380

Sill 0.850

W3

Sill 0.850

Sill 0.000

Sill 0.850

Sill 0.850

Shiva garbha griha 4200 X 4000 +2.460

W5

3.290

W5

3.290

+2.460 D6 D6

D6

11.460

D3

11.460

D4

Sill 0.210

Sill 0.210

Sill 0.210

Sill 0.210

Sill 0.210

S-01

D8 Sill 0.850

Sill 0.850

W3

W3

Sill 0.060

Sill 0.850

Sill 0.850

W3

W3

Deep stambha 1

Utility 2000 X 1700 D1

Sill -0.430

3.000 10.600

Toilet 1200 X 2500

Deep stambha 2

D2 Sill -0.

Sill -0.430

Temple 1

Temple 2 D10

Sill -0.7 00

W2

O1

O2

Sill 0.850

Sill -0.7 00

Security 2100 X 2500

Sill 0.850

W1

Existing ground floor plan

430

W5 W5

W3 W3

10.000

Sill 0.850

South Elevation

Sill 0.850

+2.460

Sill 0.850

7.500

Sabha mandapa 10000 X 7500

Sill 0.850

S-01

4.280

Kitchen - 2 4865 X 2680

D7

D7

Sill 0.060

Sill 1.000

W4

4.280

D7

Kitchen - 1 4865 X 2680

Sill 0.060

D7

Room- 1 3000 X 3700

Sill 0.060

0.290

Sill 0.060

Existing Photos :

2.675

1.660

Toilet + Utility 2525 X 6250

GSPublisherVersion 0.1.100.100

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Roof plan

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Condition mapping - defect analysis

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1. Poor lighting conditions 2. Improper rainwater drainage 3. Unplanned services 4. Degraded material finishes 5. Structural cracks in walls 6. Roof dampness / leakages 7. Downgradation of roof members 8. Poor floor conditions 9. Poor plaster condition 10. Door / window downgradation 11. Seasonal algae growth 12. Improper maintainance 13. Redundant use of construction materials 14. Unwanted signages, boards 15. Accessibility

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| Preliminary case for conservation : a - Site clearance. b - Surface cleaning. c - Removing algae growth and scraping. out the cement plaster and oil paints. d - Exposing the wooden structural members. e - Repairing water gutters.

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Front elevation

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Structural issues in the roof system due to dampness

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Section S-01 : Required changes in existing condition

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Existing plan as per required changes

| Proposed restoration changes : 1. Restoring roof structure - replacing degraded structural members, adding waterproofing aluminium sheets, degraded mangalore tiles 2. Removal of additional walls and openings along the original wooden posts in Sabha Mandap 3. Demolition - Storage area, common toilet block, cement frame of compound wall, unwanted steps, gate and cement paver blocks.

4. Removal of redundant materials - Marble flooring, wall tiles, paints on internal surfaces, unnecessary electrical wiring, plumbing lines, cement plaster, cement paver blocks, etc.

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Section S-01 : Proposed changes

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Proposed plan

Front elevation : Proposed changes

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Sectional view : Required changes in existing plan

Vulnerabilities and issues Proposed interventions

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Sectional view : Proposed changes

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Section S-02 : Required changes in existing condition | Proposed changes in the structure : 1. Extension of the roof structure with additional valley rafters on both ends. Additional roof at the entry point of the service quaters.

2. Designed combined toilet blocks and utility for the pandit’s family.

3. Addition of wooden brackets, arches and railing along the facade of Sabha mandap.

4. Restorating wall cracks and plinth damages by using grouting and repointing methods as per need. Adding extended plinth along the external walls inorder to prevent wall dampness.

5. Replacement of contextual / traditional materials and finishes such as lime plaster, kotah stone flooring, organic wall paints, laterite paving blocks, laterite copiing for compound walls, etc.

6. New electrical and plumbing layouts as per the changes in the service locations.

7. Provision of storage area along with common toilet block using contextual materials.

8. Provision of katta and paar for trees along the circulation paths as seating arrangement.

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Removal of unwanted signages and boards

Section S-02 : Proposed changes

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Detail at A

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Vulnerabilities and issues Proposed interventions

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Fort conservation

04

Bassein fort | Vasai

Project credits : Associated team :

Academic work | 2021.

Madhura Zamre, Shalaka Kolwadkar, Shifa Sheikh.

Role :

Tourism management plan, design development and report presentation.

Site location : Objectives :

Vasai, Mumbai.

• To identify and analyse the opportunities for tourist development.

• To strengthen the tourist infrastructure through promoting local culture, product and services.

Historical evolution :

600 A.D. - 1432 A.D. 1432 A.D. - 1533 A.D. 1534 A.D. - 1739 A.D. 1737 A.D. - 1739 A.D. 1739 A.D. - 1818 A.D. 1818 A.D. - 1857 A.D. 1857 A.D. - Till date

- Pre Portuguese rule - Gujarat Sultanate - Portuguese Empire - Siege of Vasai - Maratha rule - British rule ( Treaty of Bassein - 1802 A.D. ) - Archaeological Survey of India

Heritage identification

Mapping

Methodology :

Valuing Tourism activities

Risk assesment

Significance Illumination Murals Seatings Signages Design elements

Human cause

Design strategies

Natural cause Formulating policies Case for conservation Circulation and zoning

Case for conservation : 1 Preservation in its present state.

2 Surface cleaning and defect treatments as per structural requirements.

3 Repairing cracks on walls and floors.

4 Reducing vehicular movements.

5 Preventing vandalism and setting up monitoring systems.

Present fortified wall

01 Vasai fort percinct 02 Rampart wall 03 St. Anthony’s church 04 Church of Holy name of Jesus 05 The Citadel 06 The Church of our Lady of Life 07 The Jail 08 Chimaji Appa temple 09 Martiz of St. Josheph 10 Vasai fishing jetty and drying grounds 11 Pachu Bandar 12 Vasai creek 13 Bus stops 14 Access point

1 14

2 13 3

Portuguese period Maratha period British period After independence Mapping historic developments and associated human activities during different periods

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Bird watching poiints

Vehicular circulation zone

Redeveloping bus stop

Bus route

using contextual

Pedestrian tourist path

materials

Nature trail

Illumination points

Strategic seating locations

8

7

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| Proposed circulation and zoning

1 Open parking area.

2 Ticketing counter and security quarters.

3 Fort information center + admin office.

4 MTDC Canteen and toilet facilities.

5 Temporary fish markets.

6 Open ground with planned workshops by Koliwada community and permitted public activities.

7 Feast day celebration area.

8 Tourist points with guide services.

9 Water sports and entertainment facilities.

| Mural installations depicting hitorical facts

| Illumination points

| Before | Measures to be taken in the tourism development plan Community awareness about the heritage significance and need for controlled human cultural activities.

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) assumes greater significance in the conservation and management of our monuments and this can be encouraged. Local communities to be taken into decision making processes.

Preparing for structural audits and reports in order to define the carrying capacities for each monument. Visitor management to be controlled according to the structural capacity of the monuments.

| After

Fort conservation

05

Samangad fort and cultural landscapes of Omkar pathar | Gadhinglaj

Project credits : Associated team :

Proffessional work | I.I.A. Kolhapur | 2022 Ar. Vijay Korane (Head), Prof. Vandana Pusalkar (SPSMBH’s COA), Ar. Kalyani Rawal

Role :

On-site documentation of cultural resources, measured drawings and site inventories, interviews and questionaire surveys, conservation and tourism management plan, design development, block estimates and report presentation.

Site location : Objectives :

Gadhinglaj city, Kolhapur district, Maharashtra.

• To identify and study the cultural heritage at the regional level.

• To analyze salient features and architectural character inorder to [Re]store the historic fabric of the Samangadh fort and Omkar Pathar.

• To integrate heritage conservation and tourist infrastructure in the sustainable development through promoting local culture, product and services.

NH4 highway

Gadhinglaj Gadhinglaj Hiranyakeshi river

Hidkal reservoir

Chandgad taluka

Omkar pathar

Ajra taluka

| Regional map

Sankeshwar

Hukkeri taluka

| Delineating buffer zone

| Connectivity

Panaromic view from Sondi buruj

| Contour mapping demonstrating nearby | Larger basins and watershed with respect | Buffer zone comprised of relevant hills to stream orders water bodies and smaller basins around the ridge line

| To Gadhinglaj

| Identified site for tourism development | New settlement of Chinchewadi village

| Old settlement of Chinchewadi village

3

6 2 1 | Pathway through stairs

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| Identified site for cultural development 18

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| Hasursasgiri village settlement

| Khamehatti village settlement

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| Identified view points providing cultural or historical significance

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| Naukud village settlement | Core area

| Proposed nature trail along the caves locations

| Mapping cultural resources and heritage 01. Entry point 02. Zhenda buruj 03. Vetal buruj | To Sankeshwar 04. Sondi buruj 05. Gateway 06. Andhaar kothdi 07. Saat kaman vihir 08. Sakhar vihir 09. Gola barud satha 10. Chor khind 11. Sauch kup 12. Uttar khaan + Vihir 13. Mughal tekdi 14. Shiv mandir guha 15. Bhimsasgiri talao 16. Omkar shila 17. Foundation wall of the unbuilt fort 18. Bhimshappa matha 19. Hanuman mandir

|Saat Kamaan Vihir 1

2

2

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Plan at higher level

Section 1

1

2

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1 0

Plan at lower level

| Comparitive material tests identified for differently sized stone samples of all the structures: 1 Colour analysis -Based on Munsell system.

2 Wet chemical test -Mineral composition.

3 UV Floroscence test -Weathering process.

4 Compressive strength test -for different sized stones.

5 Water absorption test -Through total immersion.

6 Flexural strength -Three point bending test.

7 Water permeability -Water vapour transmission.

5

10 m

Section 2

| Sample preparation 2 inch cubes - ( 5 nos. at different locations ) - per structure selected at 5 different levels.

A stone cutting machine with a 4inch diamond disc water cooled blade. After being cut, the samples to be briefly washed to eliminate any surface soil wash and the sun dried completely before being testing. ( Based on expert opinions and case study examples )

|Andhaar Kothdi

Section 1

2

Section 2

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Plan at higher level

2

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Plan at lower level

1

10 m 2

| Case for conservation 1 Preservation in its present state.

2 Surface cleaning and defect treatments as per structural requirements.

3 Removal of redundant materials using traditional methods.

4 Demolition of existing non contextual pavements, cement plaster work, tile work, metal staircases and bridges for all significant structures 5 Rainwater and stormwater management.

6 Restoring tehalni paths and fortification walls based on risk assesment and structural analysis report.

7 Expert investigations including geologists, archaeologist, historians, environmentalist, biologist, etc.

8 Establishing traditional trade routes and cultural linkages based on the available historical evidences.

9 Water purification in the vihir and khaan using appropriate biological resources.

|Shiva mandir guha

Section 1

Section 2

Phase - 1

Phase - 2

Phase - 3

C-1

C-2

C-3

V-1

V-2

V-3

T-1

T-2

T-3

Section 3

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2 1 0

Plan Image credits for Shiv mandir @ | Ar. Kalyani Rawal | checked and edited by Prof. Vandana Pusalkar | rendered by author

5

10 m

Framework :

Tangible Cultural Heritage

Intangible

Sustainable tourism Natural Heritage

Phase - 4

C-4

V-4

T-4

Phase - 5

C-5

V-5

T-5

Phase - 6

C-6

V-6

T-6

Tangible

Festivals Social practices Cultural practices

Conservation ( C ) Village development ( V ) Tourism development ( T )

Fort components Archaeological sites

Natural resources Religious sites

| Strategies and visions C-1 | Fort conservation C-2 | Caves conservation C-3 | Preservation of the site components in their present state C-4 | Ecological conservation C-5 | Biodiversity conservation C-6 | Heritage conservation

V-1 | Community awareness and networking V-2 | Developing basic village facilities V-3 | Green energy development V-4 | Developing sustainable water resources V-5 | Promoting organic and traditional agricultural practices V-6 | Native tree plantations

T-1 | Establishing signages, information boards, GIS mapping T-2 | Establishing various kinds of tourism trails T-3 | Creating brochures and information documents. Tourism marketing T-4 | Tourism facilities through tourist facility centers T-5 | Promoting cultural festivals, practices, cuisines, lifestyles, local food, etc T-6 | Heritage and tourism management

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