SHORT BIOGRAPHY'S OF EMINENT SCIENTISTS

SHORT BIOGRAPHY’S EMINENT SCIENTISTS CREATED BY: Gajanan Meshram

Michael Faraday A great inventor of electricity and electromagnetism, Michael Faraday was the son of a poor blacksmith. At the age of 13, his father engaged him in the book binding work.

Faraday built his future by reading books that he was binding.When fellow workers go to their house at night, Faraday used to read and understand books seriously.

Michael Faraday

Thomas A. Edison Thomas Edison was a great American Inventor. He was not good performer in school, his mother taught him lessons at home. He made thousands of inventions, and changed life of man on this earth.During his childhood he sold fruits,snacks and newspapers on trains.He used to say-- “My Success formula is one percent inspiration and ninety nine percent perspiration�. Electric bulb was his great invention.

Thomas A. Edison

Jonas Salk Jonas Salk was a great American physician and microbiologist.

He had developed the polio vaccine. Development of polio vaccine is a great service to mankind.Polio is a deadly diseases caused by virus.It was mainly to attack young children. Due to polio attack many children are disabled. After polio attack not much can be done to recover and the victims are crippled for lifetime.Salk collected the spinal fluids of polio victims, cultured them to obtain polio virus and treated them with formaldehyde to destroy the ability of virus to inflict polio. Salk was courageous and confident. His confidence was based on experience. He administered his vaccine to himself and his family. Polio vaccine is now easy to administer. No injection is necessary,just a few drops are given orally. Salk not patented his vaccine. He used to say-- My research is for people. Could you patent Sun?

Jonas Salk

Sir Ronald Ross Sir Ronald Ross was a British scientist, however he was born in British India. He discovered that a microbe ‘plasmodium’ causes malaria. Malaria is spread by the female Anopheles mosquito.Ross demonstrated that a bird injected with a dose of plasmodium suffers from malaria, he showed that human also acquire malaria in similar way. The plasmodium enters the red blood cell of human, multiply within the cell and burst open to attack other blood cell. During this process patient shivers and get high fever for two to three days. He becomes weak and may even die. Malaria is a killer diseases. It is spread by bite of mosquito's, that can be stopped by preventing breeding of mosquito's into stagnant and accumulated water in our surrounding. Sir Ross discovered life cycle of mosquito,awarded noble prize for his discovery.

Sir Ronald Ross

Sir Alexander Fleming Sir Alexander Fleming was a British scientist,he was in the period of onset of plague and cholera like deadly epidemic,which were caused by bacteria. No curative drugs were available for these. Fleming was experimenting on bacteria to discover medicine to kill these bacteria. When growing culture of bacteria in dishes, he found the growth of certain mould arrested the growth of bacteria. He extracted certain chemicals from this mould and demonstrated their use in killing bacteria. The mould Fleming used was a strain of fungus penicillium. He named the chemical secreted by this mould ‘penicillin’. This penicillin discovered by Fleming was not stable. Other two scientist worked further to make it stable, they got success. Fleming and these two scientist got joint noble prize. Penicillin has curative effect in various infectious diseases.

Sir Alexander Fleming

Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen

Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen was a German scientist. He discovered X-rays. X-rays is the powerful tool in medical diagnosis. X-ray pictures are used to locate bone fractures.

Extent of injuries can be seen through X-ray pictures. Today trained radiologist are able to detect patches in chest,ulcers in intestines and stones in kidney. X-ray is also used widely in industry, for non destructive testing of materials and flaws in fabricated structural components. This confirms the reliability of material and component for use. X-rays are discovered by Rontgen, when he was studying passing of electricity in cathode ray tube. He observed that cathode ray tube emit some unknown radiation which causes fluorescence on barium Platinocyanide screen, kept beside cathode ray tube. He was awarded noble prize for his discovery.

Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen