Nighttime

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3 Check It Out! 4 Lights at Night 6 Creatures of the Night 8 The Eyes of Night 10 The Night Sky 12 Puzzles 14 Max & Gracie 15 A Bat Picture Projector 16 Falling Star 18 Flying by Night 20 10 Good Night Facts 22 Blue Moon 23 Nighttime People 24 A Howling Good Time 25 Nighttime Cartoons 26 Night Zappers 27 Night Fliers 28 Flying Squirrels 29 Kids Corner 2

What do you think about nighttime? Perhaps it’s lying in bed, snuggled under a layer of blankets, reading your new issue of Fun For Kidz. Or maybe it is summertime. You are in bed with the windows open. As you try to fall asleep, you hear a symphony of nature’s sounds.

It could be hoot owls, cicadas, or tree frogs. If it is a stormy night, your windows would be closed. You might still hear the crack of thunder and see the flash of lightning. Eventually, you would hear the wind and the rain beating against your window. It might make you want to put your head under the covers.

Lights are fun to see after the sun goes down. A Ferris wheel stands out against a dark sky. On clear nights, stars sparkle like diamonds. You might catch a glimpse of a satellite or the blinking lights of a jet streaking across the night sky.

This issue is about nighttime. You may want to read Fun For Kidz in bed with a flashlight under the covers. Or, if it’s daytime, go into a dark room. Pretend it is night.

Turn out the light, turn on your flashlight, and read your magazine. Tell us your favorite part of this issue: the animals? the stars? the lights? We look forward to hearing from you. We will send you a surprise!

Good night! Sleep tight!

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It’s nighttime., and it’s dark outside. Now that the sun’s down, there’s no light anywhere.

Or is there? Put your shoes on and grab a jacket. Let’s head outdoors and look for some brightness in the inky darkness!

We’re in luck. There’s a full moon shining in the night sky tonight. Keep looking up. If the sky is clear, you can see the light from hundreds of stars. You might also see planets. Unlike stars, these bright specks reflect light from the sun.

Nature also gives us other kinds of nighttime light. Do you live in an area with fireflies, or lightning bugs? Thanks to chemicals in their abdomens, these little flying beetles glow. Some fireflies even blink – on, off, on, off – at the same time! Other types of beetles give off light, too, and so do some worms.

Have you seen a strange blue-green light on a tree or a piece of wood? It looks like glowin-the-dark bark. You’re seeing foxfire. This is a glow given off by a fungus (like a mushroom) that feeds on rotting logs. Sometimes, foxfire is so bright, you can read by its light.

What about man-made lights at night? People have used fire, candles, and oil lamps to brighten their nights. Now, with electricity, our nighttime world is brighter than ever. Your street is probably lined with street lamps. You can see the headlights and tail lights of cars.

Even your house has electric lamps. Maybe your bedroom clock has lighted numbers.

At nighttime, towns and cities are ablaze with light. You can see the glow from larger cities from many miles away. Fairs and carnivals are always fun, but they come alive at night. Why? Lights! The colored neon lights on rides and game booths add loads of excitement.

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Big lakes and oceans look especially dark at night, but you can find light even there. Lighthouses stand tall near the water. They beam strong light to warn sailors of dangerous rocks nearby.

What other lights at night can YOU think of? Write to Fun For Kidz and tell us!

Suzanne Tucker/Shutterstock.com

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DID YOU KNOW?

Some bats have “nose leaves” on their faces.

These special flaps help the bats send out sounds in different directions.

by Andy Wales

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by Stephanie Connell • illustrated by Pamela Harden In the middle of the night, a mysterious sound awakens you. You see something scurry through your bedroom door and under your bed. You toss aside the covers, hang upside down from the side of your bed, and slowly pull up the blankets to take a look. What you see are two glowing eyes staring back at you. Do you scream for your parents? Probably not, because you already know who this little creature is. It’s your cat!

It seems that no matter how late it is, or how dark it is outside, cats love to use all hours of the night as their time to play and explore. How can this cat possibly see where it’s going? you may ask yourself after being stirred awake. When you get up in the middle of the night to use the bathroom or get a drink, you have to feel your way there with your hands. You may even stub a toe along the way. So how can cats run at full speed in the dimness of night and never knock themselves unconscious?

Unlike humans’ eyes, cats’ eyes can function well at night. A cat needs only one-sixth the amount of light a human needs to see the same objects.

One reason is that a cat’s pupils can dilate, or become larger. These large pupils allow more light to enter the cat’s eyes. You’ll notice that at night, or in low levels of light, your cat’s pupils are at their largest, like perfect black marbles. This enables them to go on late-night hunts.

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Can cats see in complete darkness? The answer is no. Although they have terrific vision at night, they must have some source of light to see, like the faintest glow of the moon.

Without it, cats have as much trouble as you seeing in the dark.

Look at your cat’s eyes in the daytime. Most likely, the pupils will be small, like vertical slits. Just as in darkness, cats’ eyes have the ability to adjust to light in the daytime. If your cat curls up and relaxes in the brightness of the sun, his pupils will become much smaller to shade out some of those bright rays. No wonder cats can sleep all day!

You now know how cats get around so easily at night, but you still may wonder what makes your cat’s eyes have that luminous glow in the dark.

This unique feature, called tapetum lucidum, is a layer of reflecting cells at the back of feline eyes that act as a mirror. When light shines in, these mirrors reflect light, causing the eyes to glow. Think about the reflectors on the wheel of a bike. These reflectors don’t gleam in the darkness until a light shines upon them. Cats’ eyes work in much the same way.

vertical slits dilated pupils

The next time you’re startled by the sounds of your cat racing through your house at 3:00 AM, or you see two glowing eyes under your bed, you no longer have to wonder. You can go back to sleep, knowing that your cat is just using its eyes to do some nighttime exploring!

glowing eyes

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by Marsha L. Nelson

S

targazing is a perfect hobby for anyone. You have built-in equipment to start with: your eyes! So, take those eyes, and go outside some night. You’ll discover a whole new world. One without televisions or computers, but one with satellites, snowballs, and dust. It’s best to stargaze on a clear night, away from the lights of towns and cities. But even if you do live in a city, do not become discouraged. The sights can still be beautiful.

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Sometimes you might see another planet slowly orbiting our sun, as Earth does. It’s hard to tell planets from stars, but there are some clues. Planets don’t twinkle, like the nursery rhyme “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star.” Planets are much closer to us than any star. Some planets seem to shine brighter than a star.

The Milky Way appears to be an unusual cloud that hangs in the night sky, like a milky, hazy band.

Actually, this is our galaxy. The sun, the planets, and their satellites are just one tiny speck in our

The white streak is a meteor shooting across the sky.

galaxy. When you look closer, you will find that the “cloud” is really dust and stars – millions and millions of stars. Some of the stars are much larger than the sun. They can be the size of the orbit of Jupiter. Some can be much smaller and denser, and one teaspoonful could weigh millions of tons!

Think about addressing an envelope. You write the name, street, box number, city, and state. Imagine if you were sending a letter to someone in another galaxy. Your return address would need to include Earth, Solar System of the Sun, and the Milky Way Galaxy. You would definitely need a larger envelope!

Beyond our galaxy lie many more galaxies, with more stars and planets. One is quite visible to the unaided eye. A galaxy called Andromeda looks like a faint cloud in the sky or a smudge on your eyeglasses, if you wear them.

The night sky holds many interesting views for everyone. You may even want to discover more about satellites, planets, and stars on your own. They’re only a step away in your own backyard.

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by Evelyn B. Christensen

by Charlotte Redden & Ken Switzer

Fill in the boxes using the following words.

We gave you a one-letter head start!

BADGER BAT FERRET FIREFLY FOX

FROG KATYDID LIZARD MOSQUITO MOTH

MOUSE OTTER PUMA RABBIT RACCOON

SHREW SKUNK TOAD WOLF

Last night Abby, Juan, Maria, Rosie, and Tyler each dreamed about something different.

Use the clues to decide what each person dreamed about.

1. Abby and her best girl friend dreamed about imaginary animals.

2. The person who dreamed about robots told her dream to Maria.

3. Neither Tyler nor Maria dreamed about animals with hooves.

M

©Liz Ball

Use the grid to solve the puzzle. Put an "x" in a box if you know an item doesn't go with a person. Put an "o" if you know it does.

by Michelle Benjamin

What’s the opposite of BLACK? It’s WHITE! Think of the OPPOSITE of each clue below, and write it in the boxes going down to reveal the answer to this stinky riddle:

1. COLD 2. YOU 3. IN

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4. MOON 5. HIGH 6. NIGHT

7. SHE 8. PA 9. WET

10. ON 11. LOSE 12. BEGIN

13. HERS 14. LAUGH 15. FRIEND

Why did the skunk stop shopping?

16. OLD 17. THIN

rat flag pizza 2 flashlights salamander

mug tepee screw molar cave cricket

bat sock bean brush ice cream cone

©Liz Ball www.hiddenpicturepuzzles.com

jar horse water candle daddy long legs

by David Lindo

Find the letters described by the fraction in each statement. Print the letters you select, in the order provided, into the boxes to answer the riddle.

The last 1/3 of ZOO The first 1/4 of POLLUTES The middle 1/7 of GLASSES The last 1/5 of PEARS The last 1/4 of ALUMINUM

What long-nosed, black and white nocturnal animal plays dead when frightened?

by Evelyn B. Christensen

Dreams can take a sleeper on an almost magical adventure.

Real-life experiences are often turned upside down or inside out! Fill in the squares so that each row, column, and 8-square section has the letters D-R-E-A-M-I-N-G.

NM E D I R N A I M E G D E

I D I M G MA E D R E A G N R AN D R N I R GM

Illuminate the Answers on Page 30.

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Lincoln, Massachusetts 7:32 PM Star light, star bright, on this cool night Max and Gracie and their owners, Linda, Craig, and their seven-year-old son, Ed, are driving the back roads of America. Perhaps you have seen Max and Gracie with their heads out the window. If not, here is a letter describing their most recent adventure.

n we hunker down in the van ’t find a place to stay. That’s whe ping, and frogs are Sometimes, but not often, we can t paw steps away, crickets are chir eigh k cree ling gurg a in , ight Ton for the night. distance away, a dog barks, a the open van windows. A short ugh thro ts floa ze bree soft A . ribbiting of cheers and jeers fill the air. basketball bounces, and whoops ng way to brightening stars briefly on the horizon before givi The sun’s fading rays shimmer against a light purple sky. n, I’m sound asleep.

I roll on my back and yawn. Soo energy, she pounces on n, and in jumps Gracie. Full of ope es slid r doo side ’s van The Screech! me. “Oomph!” , and it hopped on my back. I Gracie gushes. “There was a frog kes.

“You should have seen it, Max,” e.” To prove her point, she sha my head wet for the very first tim went under the water and got y me. Now I’m all wet.

A gazillion beads of water spra from outside the van. going to do that,” Ed yells at her “Gracie, get out of here if you’re I convince Gracie to shake give ourselves two big shakes. and van the of out p jum I and Gracie . one more time for good measure sleep again.

An hour later, I’m drifting off to “Hey, Max,” Gracie whispers.

“Hmmmm?”

Gracie asks. when a fish brushed past me?”

“Did I tell you how high I jumped ped so high she the size of a whale, and she jum According to Gracie, the fish was probably no is k cree that Gracie. The largest fish in almost touched the moon. Silly ttime, and nigh It’s . tale a of le share her big wha bigger than my nose, but I let her big. have the opportunity to dream awake or asleep, everyone should

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Max

You might see a skunk during the day, but they mostly roam around at night.

You can have fun in the dark by making a BIG skunk appear on the wall in your room.

What You Need: • • • •

a a a a

flashlight • a rubber band magnifying glass (any size) black felt-tip marker 4-inch-square piece of clear kitchen plastic wrap

What You Do: 1. Place the plastic wrap over the lens end of the flashlight so it is tight against the glass. Put the rubber band around the flashlight to hold the plastic in place.

2. Use the marker to draw a picture of a skunk on the surface of the plastic wrap that is over the flashlight lens.

3. Go into a dark room and stand about 2 feet away from a plain wall. Turn on the flashlight. You may see a blurry image of your drawing.

4. Hold the magnifying glass BETWEEN the flashlight and the wall. The flashlight will shine through the magnifying glass.

Move the magnifying glass back and forth, first toward the wall, then toward the flashlight. At one point, the picture on the wall will become CLEAR and BIGGER than you drew it!

The Science Secret A magnifying glass is a LENS. A lens is a piece of glass or plastic that is curved on the sides. A magnifying glass is a lens that makes objects look larger. Your pictures will not be as large or sharp as movie theater pictures. Theater projectors use more and better lenses than your magnifying glass, but they work the exact same way.

Try drawing different pictures or words on the plastic wrap. You will have to write BACKWARDS. Try it, and you will see why. Use color markers to make color pictures. What will you have YOUR projector show?

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by Chris Sabatino

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by Susan Richardson

As daylight fades into a starry sky, small six-legged creatures with wings emerge from hiding to flap, flutter, and whir through the summer night. These secretive insects are moths.

A moth unfurls its long proboscis and sticks it into the center of a pale-colored flower to drink the sweet nectar. After a few moments, the proboscis curls back up, and the moth flutters to the next flower. As the moth flies from flower to flower, it spreads the pollen that collects on its hairy body.

An apple has fallen from its tree and is rotting on the ground. Moths gather upon this treasure for a moonlight sipping party. Other moths cling to the bark of an injured tree, drinking the dribbling sap. On a farm outside of town, moths have gathered on a pile of horse dung for a midnight feast.

Some moths never eat. They have no proboscis. These moths live only a few days to a week, and their only purpose in life is to mate and lay eggs. The luna moth, for example is one big beautiful moth with no mouth!

Moths find their perfect partners by smelling with the two feathery antennae atop its head. A male moth can detect the strong scent of a female from miles away.

This is a moth, not a bee!

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A female moth lays her eggs on plants.

Each female looks for the specific plant her caterpillars can eat when they hatch. She flutters around trees, bushes, weeds, and gardens. She tastes leaves, stems, buds, and flowers with her feet, until she finds the right place to attach her eggs. Then the female moth flies away into the darkness.

Would you like to see a moth close-up?

Visit a flower garden on a sunny afternoon.

You might see a white-lined sphinx sipping nectar in broad daylight or a strawberry clearwing pretending to be a big bumblebee!

Day-flying moths often sport beautiful colors and can be mistaken for butterflies. Others look like wasps. But most moths are camouflaged and hide in sheltered, shady spots during the day.

Slowly and quietly approach flowers where moths might be sipping nectar. Look around street lamps, porch lights, or windows that are glowing from indoor light.

With a friend, hang a white sheet or other light-colored cloth on a clothesline, between trees, or wherever your assistant thinks best. Shine a flashlight onto the cloth.

Be patient and wait. Hopefully, some moths will be attracted to the bright spot of light.

Be careful where you step, in case any moths settle on the ground under the lit area.

When looking for moths, you may encounter other insects you didn’t expect to see.

Surprise, discovery, and adventure are all part of the fun in finding these night fliers!

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by Gail L. Rouskey I know you’ve seen a moon That’s silvery and new, But have you ever seen A big old moon that’s blue?

One that appears twice in a month, Except in February, you see, Is called a “blue moon” By everyone, probably. Except me!

How can a moon be called blue When it’s opposite the sun?

Shouldn’t it be white or yellow, Or is the “blue” for fun?

The blue moon appears every 32 months or so.

Watch the sky on a fine, clear night.

Then you can decide if the moon’s really blue Or if it’s still its own silver white.

It doesn’t matter either way.

It’s still a sight to behold.

And that’s where “Once in a blue moon” Came from. Or so I have been told.

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The next seasonal blue moon is May 18, 2019.

by Cynthia J. Breedlove • illustrations by Rebecca Spohn “It’s bedtime now. Go to bed. You need your rest for school tomorrow. Good night.”

Have you heard one or all these statements from your parents? You do need a good night’s sleep to keep yourself healthy. But when you become an adult, you may not be sleeping at night. You may be working.

There are people who choose to work during the night and sleep during the day. Why would someone want to work when most of the world is sleeping? They would have to sleep when it’s light and everybody else is up and being noisy.

Many night jobs pay more. Making more money might encourage people to work nights. In some families, one parent works days and one parent works at night. That way, the children always have someone home with them. Some people just like being awake at night!

What kinds of jobs are available at night? Hospitals need doctors and nurses to take care of patients at night. Many grocery stores are open 24 hours. Night hours are spent restocking shelves. You may know of other stores where you live that are open 24 hours, like drugstores or gas stations.

Some factories have three different times when people can work: a day shift, an evening shift, and a night shift. They are busy 24 hours too.

Airports, hotels, and some restaurants are always open.

The postal service has people working through the night getting mail sorted and sent out. Office buildings get cleaned at night. Police, emergency crews, and security guards also work at night.

Are you never sleepy when it’s bedtime? Do you think that you’re a night creature? Then one of these all-night jobs will be just right for you some day.

(Oops – I mean, night!)

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by Noreen Kruzich Violetta • colored by Gaurakisora Tucker A timber wolf looks much like a sled dog or a husky and is a dog ancestor. But this wild dog does not bark. It howls!

What’s a howl? It is a splash of twinkling stars, a dot of a full moon, and an “owooooo” spilling out across the night sky. It’s the call of the wild!

Wolves howl for different reasons. A howl can mean This is my homeland, and you can’t come in. Sometimes wolves howl to find other family members in their pack. Or a howl can celebrate an event, like dinner’s ready!

The leader of the family group begins most howls. The pack leader is called the alpha wolf. Alpha means something that is first. Pups begin to howl at one month old and may, at times, start howls. One thing’s for sure: A wolf doesn’t need a full moon to howl. Wolves howl any time of the day or night.

Owooooo – Can You Howl?

You can hear a wolf’s howl from as far as 120 miles away.

A two-toned howl works best in getting far-away wolves to talk back to you. Start low and go to a higher pitch. Or do the opposite. Try howling in late summer or early autumn. The young pups are more likely to howl back at this time.

When in the wilderness, howling manners matter. People howls can upset wolves. Your howling may also interfere with any wildlife studies that may be taking place with wolves. It’s best to leave the call of the wild to a trained wolf howler.

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It’s not what you know, but rather, whooo you know.

“Look at the time! It’s almost light out!

It’s way past your bedtime!”

by Brandon Fall

by David Sung

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Millions of bats leave Bracken Cave, near San Antonio, Texas, every summer evening at sunset.

by Diane Winebar

When the sun goes down, the bats come out. They spend the daylight hours sleeping in trees, caves, or dark buildings. But between dusk and dawn, bats take to the sky. They swoop and dart and zigzag. Sharp, sudden turns are no problem for these lively fliers. Bats can control their wings better than birds can.

But guess what. Bats don’t have true wings! Instead, layers of thin skin are attached to the bats’ very long spindly arms and fingers. To fly, bats spread out their arms and pull themselves through the air.

These furry creatures don’t just fly for fun. Bats know that the best time to catch their insect dinner is at night. Just one bat can eat up to 8000 bothersome mosquitoes every night!

It’s a myth that bats are blind. But finding insects in the dark isn’t easy. Bats have a special skill to help them.

As it flies, a bat makes a high-pitched sound and waits. If an echo bounces back to it, that means an insect is just ahead. In a rapid movement, zap! The bat’s arm scoops the insect out of the sky and into its mouth. No echo means nothing is there, and the bat keep looking.

Some bats use their sharp teeth to eat small animals or fruit. Three bat species feed on blood, but don’t worry.

“Vampire” bats live only in Central and South America.

They are interested in livestock, like cows or chickens, not people.

If you see bats when you are outside at night, don’t be afraid. Just enjoy watching the aerial acrobatics of nature’s bug zappers!

Independent birds/Shutterstock.com

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Night Fliers

by J. T. Waite • illustrated by Jane Bodnar

Hanging by their tiny toes, Upside down in furry rows, In a belfry, barn, or cave, That’s how little bats behave.

When at dusk from sleep they wake, To the evening air they take, Gliding through the darkened skies, Using radar, not their eyes.

Yet, despite their eerie looks, And the stuff in spooky books, Bats aren’t scary, mad, or mean.

And most prefer a bug cuisine!

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by Ellen L. Ramsey What’s on the side of that tree? It looks like a mouse. But then, it leaps and “flies” to another tree.

It’s a flying squirrel, a most unusual member of the rodent family. Because flying squirrels are nocturnal, you seldom see them. Your best chance is a couple of hours after sunset or before sunrise. These are their most active times.

Despite their name, flying squirrels don’t really fly. They spread their side flaps of skin and glide. By loosening and tightening these flaps, they can change direction.

Flying squirrels also use their fluffy tails like a rudder to help them steer. Female flying squirrels also use their skin flaps like a built-in blanket to stretch over their young. This keeps them warm.

How far can these squirrels glide? It depends on how high up they are when they start. For every vertical foot up, they can glide 3 feet horizontally. So, if a flying squirrel is on a branch 25 feet up, it can glide 75 feet away from the tree. Flying squirrels glide downward, but they climb back up to spend the day. They often build their nests in tree holes created by other animals, like woodpeckers.

The squirrels’ large eyes help them find food in the dark and avoid predators. At night, flying squirrels looks for their favorite foods: seeds, nuts, flower buds, fruits, and insects. Nighttime predators, like owls, foxes, and raccoons, also look for food.

This can include flying squirrels.

If you catch a glimpse of a “mouse” in a tree, take a second look. You’ve done it!

You’ve found the squirrel you seldom see.

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Laura Fiorillo/Shutterstock.com

ATTENTION READERS!

Write to us and tell us what you think about Fun For Kidz. Then watch for your letter in Letters to the Editor! Also send us your drawings, poetry, jokes, and riddles for publication! Be sure to include your name, age, and address. We’ll send you a surprise just for sharing. We’ll also send you the issue your submission appears in.

Email to: kidscorner@funforkidz.com or mail to: Kids Corner, PO Box 227, Bluffton, OH 45817-0227.

We can’t wait to see what you send in!

by Emeka Ilochonwu

by Joaquin Jimenez, age 7

by Reese Crawford, age 8

Dear Editor, I am 9 and will be in 4th grade. The science experiments in your magazine are fun. We have five ewes, and they had nine lambs this spring. We also have goats, two dogs, and lots of barn cats.

Well, got to go!

Jenna Bonnette

Dear Editor, Fun For Kidz is a great magazine. I like to read and play soccer. My dad and grandpa built a treehouse in our yard. My sister and brother and I play board games up there.

Your friend, Nate Crews

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Puzzle Solutions Dream Logic Puzzle on page 12 Abby dreamed about unicorns.

Juan dreamed about horses.

Maria dreamed about dragons.

Rosie dreamed about robots.

Tyler dreamed about cookies.

Fraction-nition on page 13 What long-nosed, black and white nocturnal animal plays dead when frightened?

Dreaming Sudoku on page 13

R NM E D A I G R NMG D A I MR E G I D A E N

G E N I MA D R E G AN RM I D

I D A MR G D EN E A I NMR G I D A N E R GM

Mystery Picture Puzzle on page 13

OPOSSUM Stinky Thinking on page 12 S D W H F F M U A M I I O A H E O N L Y H A D O N E S C E N T

O U O E R F N R E

T T W Y F D Y W

Evening Creatures on page 12 R W R A B B I T C P C M O U S O O M F R O G S A I N Q R S K U N K E H I A F E R R E T T O L E O Y Y W D L I Z D

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O L F T O T X E R

M O B A T A H A D G E A R D

Photo Credits: 123rf.com: ©[rotographics/123RF. COM] 3. Wikimedia Commons: Pont de Brooklyn de Nuit by Martin St-Amant (S23678) [CC BY 3.0] 4-5 (bottom); tapetum_lucidum_gato By Dropus [CC BY 3.0 9 (bottom-right); Milky Way and Perseid Meteor by Lorie Shaull [CC BY-SA 4.0] 10-11; Striped skunk cropped By http://www.birdphotos.com [CC BY 3.0] 17; by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Headquarters [CC BY 2.0] 26 (top).

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V i s i t U s O n l i n e ! F a c e b o o k . c o m / F u n F o r K i d z • w w w. F u n F o r K i d z . c o m Vol. 17 No. 5 • SEPT/OCT 2018 Publisher: Thomas M. Edwards Editor: Marilyn Edwards Associate Editor: Diane Winebar Graphic Design: Gaurakisora Tucker Marketing Director: Jonathan Edwards

FUN FOR KIDZ (ISSN 1536-898X) is published bi-monthly by the Bluffton News Publishing and Printing Company, P.O. Box 227, 101 N. Main St., Bluffton, OH 45817-0227.

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FUN FOR KIDZ, INC. accepts no responsibility whatsoever for Article, Photo & Artwork Submissions: We accept and any injuries arising out of the use or misuse of ideas, materials, encourage article, photo and artwork submissions. Unsolicited and activities featured in its publications or products. materials will be considered for publication and will be returned Science Editor: Larry White Copyright © 2017 by the Bluffton News Publishing and Printing if accompanied by sufficient first-class postage. Guidelines are Co. All rights reserved. No portion of this publication may be available with a SASE. The publisher accepts no responsibility Science Illustrator: Alan Wassilak reproduced without the written permission of the publisher.

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