F&R Livestock Resource Summer 2020

F&R LivestockResource

Summer 2020 | Volume 3, Issue 4

Your direct source for livestock news and information

Published by Farmers & Ranchers Livestock, Salina, Kansas

In this Issue: 1 Rural America’s State of Mind

At no time in modern history has rural America been at more risk for mental health awareness than today. Mental health across all social strata is complicated and the problem is compounded in rural American by lack of access to healthcare, lack of knowledge, and intervention apprehension. Paige Nelson is tackling the issue, head on, in three parts.

10 Baby, Bathwater and All

Supply disruption brought on by the COVID-19 Pandemic has rallied the industry factions that are consistently calling for dramatic change in the beef marketing system. Industry analysts and most stakeholders agree, more government involvement is not the answer.

16 Demand is Key to Further Market Recovery

Add it all up and cattle prices will likely be challenged through the third quarter this year, but could see improvement by the fourth quarter. Wes Ishmael keeps his finger on the pulse of the industry and offers a realistic look moving forward.

20 Masked and Ready

Even Hooter McCormick is doing his part to avoid getting or carrying the dang virus home to his loved ones! Humor helps these days. It just does.

Rural America’s State of Mind: Part One Understanding mental health is agriculture’s best path forward.

By Paige Nelson

“I’ll be frank, this is something that I have never really opened up about,” says Drew DeSutter, a fourth-generation farmer and rancher from west-central Illinois, of his bouts with anxiety and depression.

“As an industry, we’re all in this together. I’ve changed my perception on [mental health]. I think that I would

look at someone who has mental health issues a lot differently today than I would have ten years ago.”

In this series, we aim to change/ challenge your perception of mental health.

This is part one of a three-part series. We will discuss mental health in

Continued on page 4 ________________________________________

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F&R Livestock

From the Editor

Volume 3, Issue 4 Summer 2020

Beef Production Today

Resource

is a 24/7 SWOT Analysis

Published quarterly by

Farmers & Ranchers Livestock, Salina, Kansas 1500 W. Old Hwy 40 Salina, Kansas 67401 785-825-0211 • 785-826-1590 (fax) FandRLive.com

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Owner: Farmers & Ranchers Livestock, Mike Samples, Salina, Kansas (785) 826-7884 Editor: Deb Norton, Deb@CogentIdeasInc.com Production Coordinator: Julie Tucker Graphic Designer: Daric Wells Editorial Assistants: Dixie Russell, Dave Cumpton Contributing Editors: Wes Ishmael, Paige Nelson Contributing Artist: Ted Foulkes Sales Jay Carlson Carlson Media Group, LLC (913) 967-9085 Ben Gleason (785) 640-9390

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F&R Livestock Resource is published quarterly with mail dates of January 15, March 1, August 15 and October 1 by Farmers & Ranchers Livestock, Salina, Kansas.

Produced by

By Deb Norton

Anyone who’s ever served on a board of directors or spent any time in corporate America has probably sat through a grueling day of SWOT analysis (strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats). SWOT is a strategic tool used to identify four of the most important challenges every business has, is or will face. A problem (challenge) with SWOT in a group setting is anyone participating needs to come to the table with an open mind or some level of objectivity or the process ends up being a waste of time.

In agriculture, it seems every single day of 2020 is a new SWOT exercise. It’s certainly true in the cattle business. Whether your job is production, cattle feeding, processing or one of the many other stakeholders working along-side the cattle business, the challenges are unprecedented, complicated, threatening and multifaceted, yet still underpinned by opportunities.

Every day brings a new challenge/ opportunity to conduct a SWOT analysis on the fly.

The cyclical nature of the cattle business is well documented and relatively predictable. Pandemics, however, are not. Industry analysts can adjust for Mother Nature’s deadly blows from hurricanes, blizzards, wildfires and other acts of God. Our industry’s best analysts are struggling to predict outcomes post-pandemic. Definitely threats on the SWOT template!

The need to mitigate the COVID-19 virus to keep a buying public—consumers—healthy is a threat and a weakness. Keeping the work force healthy is also a tremendous threat and a weakness. We’ve seen the results play out in real time as slaughter and processing was severely interrupted due to COVID-19 infections in the work force. False narratives, logistics and distribution, extraordinary pressure on supply and unpredictable, volatile markets all are weaknesses and threats that have been revealed through the lens of a pandemic for which the world was unprepared. At the risk of understatement, lack of treatment options or vaccines are challenges at best, but obviously a threat.

Our strength is the end product, beef, and the insatiable demand across all demographics, foreign and domestic. Recently, we’ve seen more beef operations venture into farm-to-table programs. It appears the government will make adjustments to state inspection requirements to allow sales across state lines. Today, those families taking on farm-to-table programs know inordinately more about the end product that comes off their farms or ranches than ever before—another strength and opportunity. Historically, cow-calf producer and cattle feeder relationships have been the hardest to forge. Farm-to-table will require those relationships to happen. Add relationships to the opportunity column of a SWOT analysis.

Father’s Day and July 4th beef sales remained strong relative to dollars spent and in-stock meat case inventories continued to improve. Less travel and smaller backyard gatherings are good for beef sales. Most states are cautiously returning to limited restaurant dining. Another checked box in the opportunity column.

While most every other sector has been greatly impacted, the families across rural America engaged in cow-calf, stocker and cattle feeding have remained relatively healthy, largely because the ratio of cattle to people are heavily weighted toward cattle and organic social distancing is always being practiced! These are all strengths on the SWOT ledger sheet.

In the SWOT threat column, the U.S. Meat Export Federation recently reported May beef exports were down 33% from a year ago, with value falling 34%. Overall, from January through May, beef exports fell 3% below last year.

While definitely a threat in the short term, there are no real market indicators that point to a long-term threat, providing effective COVID-19 treatment protocols continue to be identified and a vaccine is discovered in the near future.

As the corporate world concludes obligatory SWOT exercises, the goal is to reveal more strengths and opportunities than weaknesses and threats. Production agriculture and food animal production most often require “playing the cards you’re dealt.” Stakeholders are challenged daily to assess strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges. The opportunities are many, if we

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Continued on page 19 _______________________________________

Fall Classic Catalog Horse Sale

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Farmers & Ranchers Livestock Commission Co., Inc. Salina, Kansas • 785-825-0211 F&R Livestock Resource page 3

Continued from page 1 ________________________________________

the following order: • What is mental health, • How to address mental health conditions, and • Suicide in rural America.

While not all questions will be answered, our hope is that some will be. At the end of each article will be additional resources.

In conducting research on this topic amidst a pandemic, it has been interesting to discover that a hidden pandemic has been in existence forever, has never been given a stimulus package and is rarely talked about until tragedy occurs. This hushed plague is an unhealthy mental state of mind, and just like a pandemic, it affects everyone.

Melba Sutton

Mental Health is Dynamic “We all have mental health,” says Adrienne DeSutter, wife of Drew DeSutter and agricultural mental health advocate. “We may not all have a mental health condition, obviously; but we all have mental health, so we all need to be doing things to maintain that and to keep ourselves mentally well.”

Adrienne has a master’s degree in school counseling and had a successful career. When she married Drew, she was introduced to the uniqueness of farm life. She saw firsthand the stressors her farm family and others in the industry were facing. It sparked a desire to do more.

Today, she is an advocate for healthy mental health and targets her efforts toward farm families. Her advocacy page Sow Hope Grow Hope is on Facebook and Twitter. She uses her platform to share information like signs of crisis, symptoms of depression, stress management tips and more.

Melba Sutton, a specialist clinical social worker liscensed by the state of Kansas and a farm girl from western Kansas, says, in this life the truest constant is change.

“For me to sit in the chair and hear, ‘I am well,’ it’s just not true,’” says Sutton. “We live in earth school. We don’t graduate from earth school. We have life that is revolving around us all

Drew and Adrienne DeSutter

the time. It’s imperative to be in the essence of healing all the time.”

She tells her clients, “‘I am not healed until I take my last breath,’ because that gives me an awareness that I need to stay on my toes.”

Sutton explains that exercise, playing the piano, reaching out to others, crying when it hurts, laughing when there’s joy, being angry when it’s appropriate, grieving and giving herself time to grieve is so critical and so intentional for maintaining her own healthy mental health.

Mental health is something we all have. It’s something we all must actively work to address. It requires honesty.

Being Human Drew, Illinois Farm Bureau Young Farmer and Rancher chair, admits he has had to learn to overcome anxiety and depression. He also admits, because he sought treatment, his life is better.

“I thought that maybe as a leader sometimes, it’s ok to open up about some of these struggles. Maybe if I can change a perception in someone’s mind on some of these issues and help someone, that’s probably important.”

Initially, like anyone else, Drew worried about getting the help he needed and what people would think

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Summer 2020

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of him. It held him back. But thanks to his wife, Adrienne’s encouragement and recognizing his own worth, Drew made the decision to speak with his doctor about his struggles. The process has lead to a not-so-suprising discovery—to the people that matter, solving the problem matters most.

His advice… care about yourself and your close family and friends first.

You can’t worry about what others think. The people that truly care about you want you to get help. Ignoring and suffering for too long can magnify problems into something that’s potentially fatal and no one wants that.

Drew argues a point with which we can connect. To be better family members, farmers, ranchers, human beings, etc., we have to address what’s holding us back. It may require a good ole’ soul search. It’s actually right up our wheelhouse because it’s what we’re good at— problem solving.

Being Logical As farmers and ranchers we are logical. We are also problem solvers. The ingenuity of a farmer is unmatched in any other industry or occupation, i.e. that masterpiece you created last week with baling twine and duct tape. In solving the plethera of problems that we face daily, we use logic combined with ingenuity.

So, straight from the experts, here’s some logic. The ingenuity is up to you.

page 6

Summer 2020

• Sutton: Mental illness is not a character flaw. It is caused by the interplay of genetics and biological, social and environmental factors.

Seeking and accepting help is a sign of absolute strength. Mental illness is not caused by personal weakness and it is not cured by personal strength.

• Adrienne: We take care of our crops. We take care of our livestock.

We need to take care of ourselves.

• Drew: If you have bearings to grease on your equipment, you grease them. You don’t let them go until there’s a huge problem and a bearing goes out. You perform maintenance.

You treat your sick animal. You need to treat yourself, as well.

• Tiffany Spaulding, D.O. family medicine practioner in Rigby, Idaho: Depression can be caused by a lack of serotonin (the happy chemical) in the brain. You can wake up in the morning and tell yourself to be happy, but you cannot wake up in the morning and tell yourself to make more serotonin.

• Drew: If you have high blood pressure then you take medication and your blood pressure goes down.

It makes you a healthier person. If you’re suffering from anxiety and you take medication to help, you can function a lot better. It’s kind of a no-brainer.

It’s hard to have weaknesses. It’s

hard to be open about them. It’s almost impossible if you feel shame because of your weaknesses. Why is mental illness a hidden pandemic?

Why is it a hushed plague?

Stigma.

Stigma Surrounds Us In the case of mental illnesses, stigma is very real.

According to the World Health Organization, “When a person is labeled by their illness, they are no longer seen as an individual but as part of a sterotyped group. Negative attitudes toward this group create prejudice which leads to negative actions and discrimination.

Stigma brings feelings of shame, hopelessness, distress, secrecy, loneliness, isolation and social exclusion.

“The single most important barrier to overcome in the community is the stigma associated with discrimination towards persons suffering from mental and behavioral disorders.

In the agricultural community, we have unintentionally allowed stigma concerning mental health and mental health conditions to influence our behaviors.

The negativity surrounding mental health conditions has proven to only do harm to our tight-knit industry. A fact substantiated by the higher per capita rate of suicide in rural Amerca versus urban America.

In Colorado, the agriculture industry experiences suicide rates second only to

There is a long history of blaming the person with the mental illness, Talley says. But recently people have started to accept this is much more similar to a physical illness. the construction industry.

“The individuals themselves start internalizing this stigma because it’s around them, then that’s when it really impacts their ability to ask for help because internalized stigma actually impacts a sense of who they are, a sense of self,” explains Sutton.

She says internalized stigma basically means people feel shame and secretize their problems out of fear of how others will react.

She quotes a former and wise supervisor saying, “‘We’re only as sick as the secrets that we keep.’ ” Adrienne argues that stigma surrounding mental health in agriculture stems from some of the things that make us strong and successful.

Farmers are tough and brave, she says.

We get the job done no matter what!

As Adrienne stepped into agriculture, she could feel and see the results of the unrealistic expections farmers were

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setting for themselves. There’s nothing wrong with high expectations, she notes, but they have to be realistic, resonable.

“I think a lot of the stigma comes from our nature. We are the type of people who feel like if we’re not doing it perfectly (by ourselves), we’re failing or we’re weak, and we really can’t do that.”

As a keynote speaker who specializes in helping overworked and underappreciated multitaskers prevent their breaking points, Karen Eddington agrees adding, in the farming and ranching community we agree to take on stress, she says. We don’t always agree to take on stress’s side affects.

“Sometimes that stress goes unaddressed. It can spiral us into a really bad situation,” she concludes.

More than anything, stigma stems from a lack of understanding, describes Laura Talley, a doctor of psychology in Lawrence, Kansas.

There is a long history of blaming the person with the mental illness, Talley says. But recently people have started to accept this is much more similar to a physical illness.

“People don’t choose to be depressed.

It’s not just people who won’t pull themselves up by their bootstraps. It’s people that are in bed and can’t figure out why they can’t get out,” she adds.

But, mental health professionals and advocates alike are staunch, that like a weed, it is not too late to uproot stigma and begin to stop its spread. It starts with applying our own bylaw—work hard always.

Adrienne advocates for more mental health education on her advocacy page and in person. She recalls recently being invited to a neighbor’s shop for a local producer meeting on mental health.

“I looked a little funny there in my heels amongst the farm equipment,” she laughs.

While it probably wasn’t easy for the farmer to make the decision to host such a discussion, he recognized the value in it and worked to make it happen.

“If we start to understand that our mental health impacts ourselves, our bodies, our farms, just as much our physical health does; then I think we would start to understand it’s ok to go see a therapist or talk to your doctor or make an effort to improve our mental health,” states Adrienne.

Sarah Brummett, Colorado’s Office of Suicide Prevention director, says in her work to reduce stigma, she prefers to use the word discrimination rather than stigma.

Stigma, she says, feels morphous and lets us all off the hook, as stigma is passively out there. Discrimination, however, is more rooted in systemic policies, systemic injustices and individual level biases and prejudice. It’s active.

Stigma/discrimination needs ad-

page 8

Summer 2020

Karen Eddington

dressed in an equally active way, she says.

“At a community level, we have to be elevating the voice of lived experience.

People that have been there and have gotten through it… They’ve experienced that very real discrimination at a community level, at an individual level.”

When someone in our community or our circle of influence has experienced that discrimination, Brummett says, we need to know about it. We need to experience the very real discomfort that comes with knowing that it happened to them under our watch, then we mobilize and work to address it.

Talley is excited to report that from her perspective, things are already improving because of the work currently being done.

“Happily it’s getting better as more and more people, especially famous people or popular people, are willing to admit they have their own struggles. It’s becoming more acceptable,” she notes.

“I think everybody wants to be seen as together and whole and able to handle things. There’s just a lot of stigma with having weaknesses, which is ridiculous. We all have weaknesses. We all have strengths.

I’m really happy the longer I practice, the more I see that people are less concerned about people knowing they are in treatment.”

In “Rural America’s State of Mind: Part One” we have discussed mental health as something everyone has and that maintenance must be performed; why it is difficult to talk about; why you must care more about yourself than what others think when it comes to addressing mental health issues; why it is logical to solve mental health conditions and the stigma associated with having them.

In Rural America’s State of Mind: Part Two, we will discuss ways to address mental health.

If you are experiencing mental health crisis and/or feeling suicidal please reach out and talk to someone.

Call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, SuicidePreventionLifeline. org, 1-800-273-8255 or chat online at SuicidePreventionLifeline.org/Chat.

Farmers & Ranchers Livestock Comm. Co., Inc. Salina, Kansas

Fall Classic Catalog Horse Sale • Saturday, October 10 • 10 a.m.

NEW THIS YEAR - Ranch Horse Competition Friday at 6 p.m.

ROPE HORSE PREVIEW

Friday Afternoon 1:00—5:00

12th ANNUAL F&R FUTURITY $12,000 added money

Friday October 9, 2020 8:00 a.m.

These colts and yearlings will be paid up in the 2022 and 2023 F&R Cow Horse Futurity.

23rd Annual Fall Colt & Yearling Catalog Sale

Come buy your next winner with us on October 11

October 11, 2020 • 10:00 a.m.

Selling 250 baby colts and yearlings representing great bloodlines like:

Pat Cowan, Peptoboonsmal, Dash Ta Fame, Dash For Cash, High Brow Cat, Playgun, Docs Hickory, Docs Oak, Paddys Irish Whiskey, Three Dee Skyline, Sophisticated Cat, Shining Spark, Metalic Cat, Two Eyed Red Buck just to name a few.

LOT CONSIGNOR 383 302 435 355 449 335 276 369 450 281 293 421 410 392 398 275 341 305 439 277

NAME

Hall, Glen Michaelis, Doug Dewey, Tim & Pat Hall, Glen Hall, Glen Michaelis, Doug Dewey, Tim & Pat Dangel, Brian or Robin Barner, Dan Diamond L Ranch Kinnison, Jim Diamond L Ranch Barner, Dan Nisly, Clayton Oak Ridge Ranch Bushousen, Lana Smith, Kevin Dangel, Brian or Robin White, Raman & Gloria Buchman, Rex

Shining TJ Jo On Time PR Shines El Ceilo Sing Two For Shooter May Shine Smart Playguns Smartmate Harmony and Royal Whiskeys Doc O Lena SAH Blues Jack Sprat Genuinely Hansome Budha Cats Peppy Catilac BD Sassy Smart Cat Skyline Ryder

SIRE

DAM

ASSOC

$

BUYER

Hashtag Shine On Line JM On Time Bet Hesa Cat Shiner Smart Cat Cat Ichi Shooter Cat RN Smart Machacho Ranger Cookie Ranger Cookie Royally Driven Ranger Cookie Dun Lookin For Paddy Blues Orphan Drift Genuine Tinsel Cats A Kwackin Smart Cattilac RN Smart Machacho Three Dee Skyline My Lifes Delight

Sweet Flash O Amber Princess Colonel Honey Of A Jo Smart Chics R Lucky Cluck Cluck One Stylish Rose Sing Two Songs Mis Vanessa Shine Smart Mates Eldorada Pretty Plain Drift Docs Peppy Harmony Smart Mates Eldorada Maxs Pep O Lena SAH Gingers Doc Sprat Shes All But Sailed Bodee Budha Little Peppy Baker Sassys Cat Slide Me Dude Hurricane Josey

AQHA PENDING AQHA PENDING QH AQHA PENDING QH AQHA PENDING QH QH QH AQHA PENDING QH AQHA PENDING QH QH AQHA PENDING QH QH QH AQHA PENDING AQHA PENDING

$6,500.00 $4,900.00 $4,400.00 $4,200.00 $4,200.00 $3,900.00 $3,700.00 $3,500.00 $3,500.00 $3,400.00 $3,300.00 $3,300.00 $3,250.00 $3,200.00 $3,100.00 $3,000.00 $3,000.00 $2,900.00 $2,650.00 $2,600.00

8 235 todd 8 8 212 130 chad 34 99x 34 247 34 181 184 130 33 225 66 187

Top 20 Colts October 2019 $4,840.00

$4,220.00

$3,890.00

Lot # 435 3rd High Seller $3,625.00

LOT

CONSIGNOR

NAME

ASSOC

$

NOTES

51 49X 149 6 39 40 20 72 117 97 114 100-5 12 53 80 130 132 23 100-1 47

Jones, Mike Gibbs, Chase Morrison, Cliff Parkin, Zack Nisly, Clayton Arnold, Zane Johnson, Rick Mullet, Emery St. Clair, Mike Rager, Jodi Kansas State Frisch, Adam Bayless, Micah Porter, Ron or Chris Eburline, Dave Nisly, Clayton Parkin, Zack Shepard, Lyle Parkin, Zack Kansas State

Maxs Joker Face Jingle Wilson SR Zips Diamond Mr Rawhide Kit Rey SAH Bluestequita Ace IXI Ladys Hot Socks Handmade Song Colonel Max Attack Bru Hollywood Tyke Streaking in the Sun KSU Lil Mo Sweeter Streakin High Octane Tuff Bar Tivio Dunit Like Freckles She Bee A Sweet Te PD The Fees De Oros Mr Hickory Quixote Smokin Freckles 45 CC Proud Poco Cutter KSU Watchin Mo Chics

AQHA AQHA AQHA AQHA AQHA AQHA AQHA AQHA AQHA AQHA AQHA AQHA AQHA AQHA AQHA AQHA AQHA AQHA AQHA AQHA

$11,700.00 $9,600.00 $9,250.00 $8,500.00 $8,400.00 $7,500.00 $7,000.00 $7,000.00 $7,000.00 $6,500.00 $6,500.00 $6,200.00 $6,000.00 $6,000.00 $6,000.00 $6,000.00 $6,000.00 $5,800.00 $5,800.00 5750

14 sorrel gelding grandson of Playgun- ranch, calf rope 16 sorrel gelding grandson of Freckles Playboy- heel horse 13 blue roan gelding grandson of Zips Dakot Pine- ranch 14 buckskin gelding by grandson of Dual Rey- ranch, team rope 16 buckskin gelding by grandson of Blue Valentine- broke, pretty $9,490.00 16 bay gelding grandson of Colonel Hotrodder- futurity $ earner 16 bay roan gelding by Pep Up Hickory- Futurity entry 15 sorrel gelding by grandson of Playgun- ranch 16 brown gelding by grandson of Nu Cash- futurity $ earner 17 bay gelding by Ain’t Seen Nothin YetX Frenchmans Guy $7,075.00 16 brown mare by Two Eyed Sweet Jack- HPI eligible 16 sorrel mare by High Octane Juice- pretty, futurity entry 13 bay gelding by grandson of Rey Del Peppy- ranch 16 buckskin gelding grandson of Hollywood Dun It 15 gray mare granddaughter of Sierra Te- ranch, rope $6,763.33 17 bay roan gelding grandson of PC Bronsin- futurity eligible 15 red roan gelding grandson of Boon A Little- ranch, rope 16 bay gelding grandson of Cutter Freckles 16 sorrel gelding grandson of Freckles Playboy- Futurity Champion $4800 & saddle 17 buckskin gelding grandson of Smart Chic Olena $6,060.00

High Seller

2nd High Seller

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3rd High Seller

Top 5= $4840 Top 10= $4220 Top 15 = $3890 Top 20= $3625

Top 20 Riders October 2019 Top 5= $9490 Top 10= $7075 Top 15= $6763 Top 20= $6060

Futurity Champion

5th High Seller

For More Information, Contact:

Farmers & Ranchers • 785-825-0211 Mike Samples, Manager • 785-826-7884 Kyle Elwood • 785-493-2901

F&R Livestock Resource page 9

Baby, Bathwater and All Proposed mandates for cash trade will cost, not help.

By Wes Ishmael

Beware, kneejerk reactions.

That comes to mind amid rhetoric for the government to mandate that beef packers buy a minimum percentage of their weekly needs in the spot cash market.

First, it was something called the 30-14 movement, advocating that packers be forced by the government to buy at least 30% in the cash market each week and that those cattle be delivered within 14 days.

Then, Senators Chuck Grassley (R-IA) and Sen. Jon Tester (D-MT) introduced legislation in May that would require packers buy at least 50% in the cash market each week, for delivery within 14 days.

These proposals developed (re-developed in the case of the Grassley-Tester bill) when cattle markets were tumbling this spring in the face of the pandemic.

“The current market situation is due entirely to the supply disruptions at meatpacking facilities—plants are being closed or operated at reduced speeds due to the human health event,” explained Stephen Koontz, agricultural economist at Colorado State University. “Further, there have

page 10

Summer 2020

been disruptions to common domestic trade flows, from delivery to food-away-from-home providers and to at-home food outlets. Additionally, we entered 2020 knowing protein supplies would be abundant most of the year. None of these issues are related to price discovery.”

That’s from a letter Koontz wrote to the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association (NCBA) at the end of April.

He was clarifying his position and research after some in the pro-mandate movement tried using his research to defend their stance.

“My research does examine the impact of declining negotiated cash trade on price discovery in regional and national fed cattle markets. And, it also attempts to make recommendations as to the needed volumes of cash trade for minimal and robust price discovery. But, my work does not recommend, and I do not support, a mandate of a given percentage cash trade,” Koontz says. “The main issue I have with the policy proposal is that it

would cost the cattle and beef industry millions and possibly billions of dollars per year. This is known from research in which I participated.”

The research Koontz refers to is pioneering work he conducted a few years ago: the Price Discovery Research Project (PDRP), as well as the congressionally mandated USDA-GIPSA Livestock and Meat Marketing Study (2007), which examines price discovery and AMAs. He was lead economist for that study.

Many Cattle Feeders Prefer Alternative Marketing Few would argue the value of deeper cash trade for the purposes of more robust price discovery, especially in some regions, some weeks. Cash prices are rarely reported in Colorado, for instance, due to confidentiality rules attached to Livestock Mandatory Reporting (more later).

For perspective, over time, on average and nationally, figure 20-25% of all fed cattle trade in the spot cash market. Again, the percentage is miniscule in some regions some weeks.

Debate continues over just how much sustained cash trade in a particular region is required for effective price discovery. According to Koontz’s research, the percentage varies by region.

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The primary reason cash trade thinned over time is the increased use of what are termed alternative marketing arrangements (AMAs) for fed cattle. Think here of things like formulas and forward contracts.

Arguably, the notion for AMAs was born at least 25 years ago, back

when virtually all cattle traded in the spot cash market for an average price and the price spread between them was thinner than a flea’s eyelash.

Cattle of less than average quality and performance received the average price, earning more than they should have.

Cattle of more than average quality

and performance received the average price, earning less than they were worth.

Price differentiation made possible by AMAs enabled rewarding and discounting cattle based on specific performance and carcass merit.

The system also meant packers could aggregate cattle of similar car-

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cass specifications into differentiated pools of product, often marketed via brands promising consumers specific meat attributes, everything from eating quality to all-natural to humanely raised.

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Summer 2020

nothing magical about the brand’s carcass specifications—parameters for specifics such as carcass weight and marbling, ribeye size and fat thickness, etc. But, the combination of requirements provide consumers a reliable eating experience, one they’re willing to pay more for compared to case-run Choice grade beef.

Over time, cost advantages associated with AMAs became more visible, too.

In simple terms, rather than haggling over price and transaction details each time fed cattle trade hands, tools like grids and formulas enable buyers and sellers to trade based on an agreed system of price determination. They may renegotiate specific components periodically, but seldom enough that transaction costs are significantly lower.

Add it all up, and Koontz says, “The use of forward contracts benefits those that use them $15 to $25 per animal. The use of formula arrangements benefits those that use them $25 to $40 per animal. Mandating the use of the negotiated cash market will have negative economic consequences commensurate with these amounts and to the extent of the mandate…

“The use of alternatives to the cash market are cost saving and revenue enhancing. The main beneficiaries of these relationships are the cowcalf producing sector and the U.S. consumer. We have known this for a long time, and we have solid empirical evidence. There is also strong evidence that the value-based marketing tools that were developed through alternatives to the cash market saved the beef industry. Beef demand halved from 1980 to 1998.

Use of value-based marketing tools coincided with improvements in beef demand since.”

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Building Cash Prices Without Mandates Besides which, Koontz explains there are many ways to increase the volume of cash trade and cash trade data without government mandates. He outlined some of those in his PDRP. Some state organizations are exploring these

alternatives and variations of them.

“While the Texas Cattle Feeders Association (TCFA) believes and supports increasing price discovery through this greater volume of negotiated trade, we cannot support a government mandate,” says Paul Defoor, TCFA chairman, in a recent letter to Congress. “Conversely, we

are actively working to achieve a similar outcome through free market mechanisms.

“One such concept is a new marketing cooperative that puts small and large producers on equal footing to achieve the common goal of robust negotiated price discovery each week. Secondly, we have

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page 14

Summer 2020

examined the viability of a ‘bid the grid’ concept on the transparent Fed Cattle Exchange Platform. Additionally, we are exploring options with an existing marketing cooperative that was created by TCFA in 2000, Consolidated Beef Producers, to increase negotiated trade.”

Likewise, Koontz explains some

state associations are looking at ways to pay market makers for providing cash trade, which is a public good. Those who trade in the cash market enable price discovery.

Those who trade cattle outside of the cash market benefit from the discovered cash prices—it’s typically the root of AMAs—but do nothing to help discover the price or reward those who do.

“Many asset markets do this (market makers),” Koontz says.

“Industry participants work together to create and compensate a pool of cash market traders that are discovering price, are good at this service, and willing to do it within their business model and for the benefit of the industry. It is one means to solve the public good problem of not enough quality price discovery. It would be less costly than a mandate and open to changes in how the industry does business in the future.”

Far as that goes, adjusting the rules of the Livestock Mandatory Reporting Act would provide more cash trade data. That act is up for reauthorization this fall.

“Joint research by Kansas State and Iowa State Universities shows that expanding the reporting regions would reduce the incidence

of non-reporting, due to confidentiality,” Koontz explains. “…Many of our price reporting problems are due to the confidentiality requirements that were not part of the original act (see “Livestock Reporting and Confidentiality”).

“Any solution must not restrict an individual producer’s freedom to pursue marketing avenues that they determine best suit their business’ unique needs,” said Todd Wilkinson, in response to the bill introduced by Grassley and Tester. He ranches in South Dakota and serves as NCBA Policy Division Chair.

“Government mandates, like that being proposed by Senator Grassley, would arbitrarily force many cattle producers to change the way they do business,” Wilkinson explained. “We will continue to work toward a more equitable solution and invite Senator Grassley, and other lawmakers interested in this conversation, to join us in the search for an industry-led solution based in free market principles.”

cash trades, but that price may be lower or higher.

At worst, mandating specific levels of negotiated cash fed cattle trade would dismantle more than 20 years of industry efforts to build and market beef products that consumers are willing to pay more for.

At best, such mandates would likely significantly dilute AMA advantages. The reasons are many but include the fact that packers also benefit by the reduced transaction costs associated with AMAs. Plus, in broad, simple terms, packers would be forced to buy a different mix of cattle, meaning they would be producing a different mix of products than what their customers want currently.

Keep in mind that a marketing mandate for packers is also equivalent to a marketing mandate for cattle feeders.

In essence, the two mandates mentioned in this article would require feedlots, on average, to market at least 5-10% more in the negotiated cash market and as many as 25-30% more. As alluded to earlier, significantly more than that in some regions some weeks.

It would be akin to mandating that cow-calf producers market specific portions of their calves at live

Digging the Hole Deep Although more cash trade would enhance price discovery, it says nothing about price level. In other words, you can have a more robustly discovered cash price with more

auction, video auction and via direct trade, no matter the cost, their comfort level, previous customer relationships, particular regional advantages, and all of the rest.

You’d be forcing sellers to market cattle in a way that costs them more money and forcing buyers to purchase cattle they don’t necessarily want, in a way that costs them more money. Logic suggests incoming cattle caught up in such a mandate would be worth less to both parties.

What’s not to like?

Livestock Reporting and Confidentiality The AMS 3/70/20 Confidentiality Guideline for Livestock Mandatory Reporting requires the following three conditions: • At least three reporting entities need to provide data at least 50% of the time over the most recent 60day time period.

• No single reporting entity may provide more than 70% of the data for a report over the most recent 60-day time period.

• No single reporting entity may be the sole reporting entity for an individual report more than 20% of the time over the most recent 60-day time period.

69% 2019 1

61% 2008 2

54% 1998 2

41% 1988 2

Percent of all BVDV cases attributed to TYPE 1B. RELENTLESS PROTECTION

F&R Livestock Resource page 15

Demand is Key to Further Market Recovery Much depends on the length and depth of economic recession.

By Wes Ishmael

Markets felt firmer by the beginning of July, although at lower price levels than anticipated when the year began, before the coronavirus pandemic shifted how the world does business.

Remarkably, beef packing capacity returned to pre-pandemic levels, quicker than many believed possible.

Consider that the likely ebb of beef production was the week ending May 2, when total cattle slaughter was 438,614 head, according to USDA’s Actual Slaughter Under Federal Inspection report. That was 233,926 head fewer (-34.8%) than the same week in 2019. Total fed cattle slaughter that week of 318,207 head was 223,325 head fewer (-41.2%) than the previous year.

By the week ending June 22, total cattle slaughter of 645,661 head was just 22,608 fewer (-3.4%) year over year. Total fed cattle slaughter that week was 512,791, which was 24,642 head fewer (-4.6%).

By and large, retail consumers are finding ample beef availability; no more rationing by most retailers.

Producers, however, continue to face the uncertainty and price pressure of the massive backlog of market-ready fed cattle hewn by disruptions in packing production.

“We created such a steep hole and backed up so many cattle. Fed cattle has a long ways to go get cleaned up, and the calf market will be hamstrung because of it,” says Derrell Peel, Extension livestock marketing specialist at Oklahoma State University. “It may take the greater share of the second half of the year to get caught up.”

You can find many estimates that put the backlog of fed cattle in the page 16

Summer 2020

neighborhood of 1 million head.

Those are arrived at by summing the year-to-year shortfall in weekly harvest or by calculating the number of cattle on feed for more than 120 days, utilizing the monthly USDA Cattle on Feed report.

Peel says the actual number is likely closer to 750,000-800,000 head. He bases that on expectations at the beginning of the year for less year-over-year production in the second quarter, as well as the weight distribution of feedlot placements starting in November.

“Over the four weeks in June, it is estimated that federally inspected cattle slaughter totaled about 2.6 million, which should have assisted in the process of reducing carryover supplies in the over-150 days group, an outcome I anticipate seeing in the July Cattle on Feed report,” says Glynn Tonsor, agricultural economist at Kansas State University. “The situation will require months to correct itself, but I believe that process is underway.”

Ultimately, Peel says the signifi-

cant reduction in feedlot placement during March and April should offer a window for clearing the backlog in September and October, if it still exists.

Recession Will Add Price Pressure “When we look at the last six months, it has been difficult to predict, and going forward, it won’t necessarily get easier,” says Katelyn McCullock, director of the Live-

stock Marketing Information Center (LMIC). “The economy is the big, overarching theme we’ll have to contend with.”

Rather than the v-shaped economic recovery everyone was hoping for—a sharp bottom, followed by recovery at the same steep rate as the decline—she says LMIC now anticipates a check-mark shape, with a longer, slower pace of recovery.

“The magnitude of government stimulus and intentional creation of—hopefully temporary—historical levels of unemployment make it challenging for anyone to project GDP and related macroeconomic measures,” Tonsor says.

The intentional creation of unemployment he mentions refers to the much-publicized supplemental $600 per week paid to those receiving unemployment benefits. It was a way for the government to not only help sidelined workers, but to encourage social distancing. That benefit was scheduled to end at the end of July.

“To further aid in a gentle transition back toward economic normality, federal economic policy will have to shift from sending families money to maintain social distancing to helping businesses maintain employment,” says Jeffrey Dorfman, professor of agricultural and applied economics at the University of Georgia. That’s part of a recent publication from the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST): Macroeconomic Impacts and Policies in the Face of COVID-19.

Although the government extended forgivable loans to small businesses through the Paycheck Protection Program, Dorfman explains the current unemployment bonus of $600 per week could make it harder for some businesses to reopen.

“Workers are currently making more from unemployment than from working, particularly in the retail, hospitality, and personal services sectors that are home to so many small businesses,” Dorfman says. “With the unemployment bonus, not working can pay the equivalent of about $50,000 per year. Few small businesses can compete with that when roughly half of all workers made less than that just a few months ago.”

Worker challenges aside Dorfman says, economic recovery requires customers feeling safe about returning to restaurants, local shops, movie theaters and all of the rest.

“Until a vaccine and/or effective treatments are widely available, the best confidence restorer will be clearly posted and followed safety protocols that minimize the risk of frequenting public businesses and maximize the

amount of economic activity that can safely take place,” Dorfman says.

“But a full recovery requires either a vaccine or treatment that convinces people contracting the virus is more a nuisance than a mortal risk.”

“Ultimately I am concerned that optimism built during June may not be fully warranted, given the global slowdown in trade, related politics, and growing signs domestic consumers may be reining in spending and activity as COVID-19 cases notably increased in several U.S. states,” Tonsor explains.

As it is, various estimates of domestic and global GDP for this year are more than sobering. The U.S. Federal reserves estimates U.S. GDP this year at -6.5%, according to Peel. The

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development projects -7.3%; -8.5% if there’s a secondary coronavirus outbreak. The International Monetary Funds sees GDP at -8.0%.

Further, Peel says the Federal Reserve’s most recent forecast is for the U.S. unemployment rate this year to be 9.3%.

“I do think it will take a while to get back on our feet, and part of that is because this is not a U.S. specific event,” McCullock says. Consumer incomes, supply and demand in all countries play a role, as do exchange rates.

Economic uncertainty makes it more difficult to anticipate consumer beef demand in the second half of the year. And, demand is crucial to how fast and how far beef prices recover.

Demand is Key “The first half of this year was largely a supply story,” McCullock says.

“The second half will be much more of a demand story.”

“Leveraging USDA data, which allows us to look back and measure demand over past months, domestic beef demand had year-over-year gains from September 2019 through March 2020, indicating we entered the pandemic period in a strong position,” Tonsor says. “Unfortunately, in April, domestic demand slipped 17% from 2019 levels, signaling a pullback consistent with what occurred in 2008, early in the Great Recession.

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F&R Livestock Resource page 17

we do not have that experience in 2020-2021, but similar economic drivers are what have elevated my concern.”

Nearer term, Peel says beef production in the third quarter is forecast 6% more than a year earlier, which could highlight potential recessionary demand weakness.

“All of that is in contrast to the strong demand we had the last few years. Plus, we’ve got lots of pork and poultry,” Peel says. “Odds favor that we will see some demand weakness in the second half of the year.”

Even as cattle slaughter continues to recover from disruptions wrought by the pandemic, the backlog of fed cattle continues to add days on feed and pounds per carcass.

In the June World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE), USDA’s Economic Research Service (ERS) estimates this year’s beef production at 26.67 billion lbs., which was 910 million lbs. more (+3.53%) than the previous month’s estimate. That would be 481 million lbs. less (-1.77%) than in 2019.

U.S. Beef Exports Decline In May, U.S. beef exports were a staggering 30.9% less year over year, according to data released by USDA and compiled by the U.S. Meat Export Federation (USMEF).

“U.S. beef exports in May totaled 190 million lbs. (carcass weight) versus 272 million lbs. the previous year,” says McCullock. “Part of that has to do with the fact that U.S. beef became relatively expensive.”

“As protective measures related to

COVID-19 were being implemented, plant disruptions peaked in early May with a corresponding temporary slowdown in exports,” explains USMEF President and CEO Dan Halstrom.

“Unfortunately, the impact was quite severe, especially on the beef side. Exports also faced some significant economic headwinds, especially in our Western Hemisphere markets, as stay-at-home orders were implemented in key destinations and several trading partners dealt with slumping currencies.”

Peel points out May beef exports were 26% less to Japan and 22% less to South Korea—both leading U.S. beef importers and both countries that appear to have controlled coronavirus as well as any nation and more effectively than most.

Halstrom notes that the recent rebound in beef and pork production will help exports regain momentum in the second half of 2020. The global economic outlook is challenging, but he looks for export volumes to recover quickly in most markets as U.S. red meat remains an important staple, not only in the United States but for many international consumers as well.

Cattle Prices Could Increase Later Add it all up and cattle prices will likely be challenged through the third quarter this year, but could see improvement by the fourth quarter, assuming slaughter levels hold the pace and Mother Nature serves up a bountiful corn crop. page 18

Summer 2020

First, understand that price reaction in the wake of the pandemic, while rightfully cussed, is exactly what economists anticipated.

“The directional impacts in each segment of the market have moved as we would expect with pandemic-induced bottleneck challenges in harvesting cattle and distribution channel shocks shifting volumes more to retail rather than food service outlets,” Tonsor explains. “Yes, the velocity of market adjustment has been substantial and contentious but the magnitude of shocks the industry has had to contend with are truly unprecedented.”

In fact, given the magnitude of shocks occurring since March 10, he finds it remarkable that the futures market in early May presented hedging opportunities on par with March 10 levels.

With all of that said, LMIC projects the fourth-quarter fed steer price (Southern Plains) at $110-$115/cwt..

The first week of July, LMIC projected third quarter calf prices (Southern Plains 500-600 lbs. at $153-$156; $158-$162 for the fourth quarter. Feeder steer prices (Southern Plains 700800 lbs.) were projected at $123-$126 for the third quarter and $132-$137 in the fourth quarter.

“We always have a wide range of price estimates, even more now with all of the uncertainty,” Peel says.

By way of comparison, ERS increased cattle price forecasts in the June WASDE based on price strength at the time and increased packer demand. USDA pegged the average fed steer (five-area direct) price at $104 in the third quarter and $106 in the fourth quarter.

ERS also increased expected calf prices in the June Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Outlook, based on higher forecast fed cattle prices and the expected faster pace of marketings, compared to expectations the previous month. ERS forecast the third-quarter feeder steer price (basis Oklahoma City) at $132 and the fourth quarter price at $131.

“It depends on feed costs, and how the feedlot sector is managing, including available hedging opportunities at the time,” McCullock says. She adds that it also depends on cattle feeders’ flexibility to spread cattle out over more time.

The expected silver lining of significantly cheaper corn took on a darker hue with USDA’s Acreage report in June. ERS projected corn acreage at 92.01 million acres, which would be 2.31 million acres more (+2.57%) than last year. However, the projection is about 5 million acres less than the initial outlook in USDA’s Prospective Plantings report

that came out at the end of March.

Although that might mean higher corn prices than originally anticipated, McCullock thinks 92 million acres still makes for favorable supplies, unless there is significant drying in the Corn Belt.

“If the industry can sustain strong cattle harvesting volumes, continue to work through backlogged cattle supplies, limit regulatory changes that alter production costs, and experience stable or improving domestic and foreign beef demand, then I believe these price projections may hold and could even improve,” Tonsor says. “Conversely, slippage on any of those fronts would likely pressure cattle prices. I am perhaps most concerned at this point with the beef demand situation in the near term and regulatory front longer-term.”

Editor’s message continued Continued from page 3 _____________________________________

can objectively assess the weaknesses and threats, collaborate with other stakeholders and chart a path forward. No doubt, the beef industry will do as they always have… figure it out. Although meat protein production may not have faced a pandemic in modern history, proEditor’s Note: In addition to his writings for F&R Livestock Resource, Wes Ishmael also writes and produces Cattle Current—a convenient, one-stop glance at daily cattle markets. The website and daily podcast include market highlights.

The daily Cattle Current e-mail newsletter includes more detail: Highlights

ducers will use the same methodical assessment tools to improve management, explore new revenue streams and marketing possibilities and improve genetics, ultimately, coming through 2020 better and stronger. If the past is a precursor for the future, we always do.

Meanwhile, stay well. from and links to calf and feeder cattle auctions monitored by Cattle Current; weekly market summary commentary; daily cash grain prices; futures prices for live cattle, feeder cattle, corn and Crude oil (day, previous day and previous week). For more information, visit cattlecurrent.com.

F&R Livestock Resource page 19

Masked and Ready

Humor

By Wes Ishmael

When Hooter and Cousin Charlie were little kids—Hooter couldn’t remember just how little—Aunt Pinky bought them each their first bandannas, at least the first they could remember. She got a blue one for Charlie and a red one for Hooter, figuring that would keep them from fighting over whose was whose. She was wrong, of course.

Playing bandit, they stuck their worn cap guns in the backs of more unsuspecting fence posts than Jesse James would have dreamed possible.

By their second rodeo dance, the pair graduated from the simple cotton square bandannas to the broader, silkier wild rags, suited to more formal occasions and the slightly more sophisticated renegade.

In the years since, Hooter wore wild rags in the winter, to keep the cold out, rather than for show. But, he always had a bandanna in his pocket.

It could be used for everything from a shield against dust, to a cradle for a hurt bird, to a tourniquet (leaf or plug tobacco worked best as a poultice against infection) to a sponge

for mopping sweat, to a puppet to entertain crying babies…

Of course, he never imagined he’d be using one to comply with face mask rules imposed by governments and businesses to combat a pandemic.

At first, the thought of being told he should wear a face mask made

him grouchier than a badger with bad teeth and ingrown toenails.

“Who are they to tell anybody what they can and can’t wear… There hasn’t even been a case in the county… Is everybody these days just a bunch of sissies…”

It was Peetie Womack, the fiercest independent Hooter knew, who

changed his mind. Early on, well before counties and states imposed face mask orders, Peetie showed up for the late afternoon iced tea break at Lonnie Johnson’s feed store, with a bandanna snugged up over the bridge of his nose. Hooter and the rest of the bare-faced gang were ready to start in, but Lonnie raised his hand.

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page 20

Summer 2020

“Boys, I don’t know if this COVID thing is within 1,000 miles of us or right next door. I also don’t know if masks do a bit of good when it comes to getting it or giving it. But, if there’s a chance in a million it can help keep me from dragging it home to my Elvira, I reckon it’s worth trying. Hooter, I expect you and Charlie would say the same when it comes to your Aunt Pinky. Same for you and your wife, Lonnie.”

From that day on, the gang wore their bandannas when they conducted business in town.

Izzie Franklin took it a step beyond, as was his custom. Besides the mask, he’d gone back to smoking cigars, a lot. “It keeps other bugs away,” he told anyone with the audacity to ask.

Even without the cigars, there was a learning curve.

More than a few times Hooter was halfway to the door of a convenience store to pay for gas when he remembered and had to retrace his steps to the pickup for a fresh covering. Of course, he also forgot he was wearing it on more than one occasion, so it all balanced out he supposed.

Hooter still found it odd that he could saunter into the bank wearing a mask, and no one even considered that he or other hidden-faced patrons might be up to no good.

He also noticed some folks talked at you with a too-loud voice, even if they weren’t wearing a mask, as if you were about half deaf. Others wearing masks made no compensation for the barrier and Hooter found himself too often shouting back, “What? What!”

Hooter figured the man ahead of him—by at least six feet—in line at a big box lumber yard in Lubbock— had it figured out. Judging by the man’s overalls and the assortment of goods piled on his trolley, he got his hands dirty on a frequent basis, if not for a living. He just handed a note to the cashier through the plexiglass barrier. Whatever he’d written down, all he had to do was nod or shake his head, then hand over the cash.

Although willing to do their part, Hooter and the gang still groused about wearing the masks, especially in the Texas heat. But, they knew none of them had much reason to complain, compared to Lonnie.

Depending on how many customers came into the feed store, Lonnie could go most of a day without getting a figurative or literal breather. Never mind the fact that he was prone to try drowning a variety of insects with a stream of Mail Pouch throughout the day. That’s a lot of

mask fidgeting and readjusting.

“Even the Lone Ranger could breathe in his mask,” Lonnie complained to anyone who would listen.

“Yeah, but he never looked as dapper,” Peetie would tell him.

Trying to cheer up Lonnie is what gave Hooter the idea. They already looked the part, after all.

He got the boys lined up outside of the feed store, each ready to take a turn. Then he toted a box full of loaded squirt guns into the store and set it on the counter.

“You’ve got to get them before they get you,” Hooter told Lonnie.

“Anyone who makes it to coke machine dry wins.”

Hooter saw the smile, even through the bandanna.

F&R Livestock Resource page 21

K-State ASI Family Brief & Friends Reunion Cancelled for 2020 Transitions to virtual impact award presentation Kansas State University Animal Sciences & Industry (ASI) department and the Livestock and Meat Industry Council Inc. (LMIC) Family & Friends Reunion committee have been closely monitoring the COVID-19 situation, with particular consideration to its effect on this year’s event.

“Due to increasing concerns around this evolving situation and standing by our commitment to keeping the safety of our participants as our top priority—we’ve made the decision to cancel this year’s reunion and transition this year’s award program to an online format,” announces Mike Day, KSU ASI department head.

The K-State ASI Family & Friends Reunion is hosted annually welcoming alumni and friends back to campus and provides attendees the opportunity to reconnect with friends, faculty, staff and students.

Each year a highlight of the re-

union is the presentation of the Don L. Good Impact Award. The award, presented by LMIC, is named in honor of Good, who is a former K-State ASI department head, and recognizes positive impact on the livestock and meat industry. This year’s recipients are Kelly and Marcie Lechtenberg and family.

The ASI faculty and staff as well as the LMIC Board sends well wishes to our ASI family during this global pandemic. While details surrounding the transition to an online awards program are still taking shape, we are committed to providing an easily accessible, online experience that eliminates the health concerns that come with travel and face-to-face events at this time.

For details regarding the virtual awards program as they develop, visit the event website, asi.k-state.edu/familyandfriends, and the reunion’s social media channels.

Deere Brings High-Capacity X Brief Series Combines to North American Farmers

963 PR 44 • CAMERON, TX 76520

44FARMS.COM

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Summer 2020

John Deere has added two new models of X Series Combines to its 2021 harvesting lineup to help large-scale farmers thresh, separate and clean more bushels per hour or harvest more acres per day, even under changing conditions, without risking grain loss or quality. The new X9 1000 and X9 1100 Combines represent the next level of John Deere harvesting performance and bolster a lineup that includes field-proven S Series Combines.

The X9 1100 can harvest up to 30 acres of tough, high-yielding wheat per hour and harvest up to 7,200 bushels per hour in high-yielding corn. “As conditions change, an X9 Combine can make automatic adjustments for the operator so it

consistently operates at peak levels,” said Matt Badding, harvesting product manager for John Deere. “For example, in the morning, straw can be damp and make threshing and separating tough. By midday, the moisture evaporates and harvesting conditions improve. In the past, these changes required operators to adjust combine settings to help the machine compensate. Now, the adjustments are made automatically.”

X Series Combines feature a wide feeder house, dual separator, and the industry’s largest cleaning shoe, that work together to improve crop flow and increase harvesting capacity. “At the heart of the new combine is the X Series Dual Separator (XDS) with the largest threshing and separation

areas Deere has ever offered. Crop in the XDS is threshed and separated during nine revolutions, resulting in less grain loss and increased harvesting capacity,” Badding said.

The 75-square-foot Dyna-Flo™ XL Cleaning Shoe has 36% more cleaning area than the S790. “It can harvest thin dry crop, thick wet crop and everything in between, putting more high-quality grain in the tank pass after pass. Even if conditions change, grain quality remains high,” Badding said.

During harvest, highly fuel-efficient X Series Combines can run up to 14 hours without refueling.

An all-new John Deere PowerTech™ 13.6L Engine works with a robust belt-drive system and updated ProDrive™ XL Transmission to improve fuel efficiency. “Compared to the S790, the X9 1100 uses up to 20% less fuel per bushel harvested to help keep harvesting costs low,” Badding said.

X Series Combines are available with integrated precision ag technologies that collect important machine and yield data while helping to improve harvesting results. These combines come with an integrated StarFire™ 6000 Receiver, which requires no calibration of the Terrain Compensation Module (TCM) and is more accurate than previous models. Coupled with new guidance system enhancements, the new receiver boots up and acquires the GPS signal quicker, so the combine can start running with improved accuracy in less time.

JDLink™ is standard on both models and comes with five years of service. This enables machine-to-machine communication and makes it easy for the owner to share agronomic and machine-performance information. With John Deere Connected Support™ owners get unmatched dealer service through Expert Alerts – an industry exclusive—plus remote support capabilities.

Three technology packages are available for the X Series including Select, Premium and Ultimate.

Select includes the StarFire 6000 Integrated Receiver, Generation 4 4600 Display, Harvest Smart™, Interactive Combine Adjustment and is Connect Mobile ready.

Premium builds on the Select package and include Active Terrain Adjustment and the Premium 3.0 Activation with AutoTrac™ RowSense™, Section Control and InField Data Sharing.

Everything in the Select and Premium packages are included in

the Ultimate along with Automation 3.0 Activation with Generation 4 Machine Sync and the Combine Advisor™ Technology Package with ActiveVision™ Camera technology and Auto Maintain. All X Series Combines can connect to the John Deere Operations Center, a cloudbased, central location where farmers can electronically share machine or operational information with trusted partners and advisors.

Inside the spacious, restyled X Series cab is more storage space, more USB ports and better connectivity than its predecessor. For an automotive-like experience, an optional touchscreen satellite radio can be added that’s smartphone ready so

operators can use voice commands or integrated controls to get directions, make calls, listen to music, or send and receive messages.

Three comfort and convenience cab packages are available including Select, Premium or Ultimate. The Ultimate includes a new heated, ventilated massaging seat that swivels 16 degrees right or left for improved operator visibility and allday comfort. A Signature Edition is also available and includes the highest levels of comfort, lighting and technology packages Deere offers.

Customers who purchase new X Series or S Series Combines can provide additional protection for their machines with John Deere

Protect Extended Service Plans.

These plans include options to lock in operating costs and maximize uptime during harvest through Annual Expert Inspections, regular maintenance, 24-hour Uptime Assurance and Wear Parts Coverage.

X Series Combines are available on wheels or tracks. The X9 1000 grain tank can hold up to 420 bushels and the X9 1100 holds up to 460 bushels of grain. Folding unloading augers with Adjustable Spout are available for the X Series in 26, 28.5 or 31-foot lengths.

John Deere will start taking orders for X Series Combines later this summer. For more details visit your local dealer or JohnDeere.com.

NO TIME TO WASTE

Now is not the time to squander profit margins at the feed bunk. Cattlemen who have selected genetics based on the American Simmental Association’s $Terminal Index ($TI) during the last two decades have shown an advantage of $1,498 per bull when calves are harvested.

That’s how you profit through science.

STAND STRONG

SIMMENTAL 406-587-4531 • simmental.org

F&R Livestock Resource page 23

K-State ASI Students Participate in Brief Virtual Undergraduate Research Symposium A total of 60 undergraduate students presented their research during the Kansas State University Animal Sciences and Industry Undergraduate Research Symposium on Tuesday, May 12. The symposium, hosted virtually, highlighted ASI undergraduate research for the spring 2020 semester.

This year’s symposium and the awards distributed following the event were sponsored by the Dr. Mark and Kim Young Undergraduate Research Fund in Animal Sciences and Industry.

Two students were awarded $1,000 scholarships based on a combination of their scientific abstract, poster and presentation of data.

Winning this semester’s scholarships were Kaylee Farmer, Nevada, Missouri; and Ryan Maurer, Pompton Plains, New Jersey.

Farmer, a graduating senior, presented “Effects of Organic Acids in Place of Feed-Based Antibiotics on Nursery Pig Growth Performance.”

Cassie Jones served as her faculty research mentor.

Maurer, also a graduating senior, presented “An Investigation of Collagen Characteristics and Collagenase Activity in Woody Breast Meat,” and was mentored by Michael Chao.

Undergraduate research is an op-

Kaylee Farmer

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Summer 2020

portunity to perform in-depth study; gain transferable skills; develop critical thinking and problem-solving abilities; define academic and professional interests; and form relationships with mentors, professors, and other students. The program gives students the opportunity to work with ASI faculty and graduate student mentors on a project that is rewarding and helps them prepare for their next goals.

Undergraduate research helps students understand the value and constraints of data. Whether they go on to graduate school, return to the ranch or venture into industry, these students will use data every day to make decisions. An undergraduate research experience helps students understand how to value that data during the decision-making process and will help make them more successful animal scientists.

Summary of the Students’ Projects and Mentors: Hope Aufdemberge: Effects of choline on immune cell function in growing cattle supplemented with guanidinoacetic acid and creatine— Dr. Barry Bradford and Dr. Evan Titgemeyer Lane Bailey: Effect of heel bulb laceration treatment on soundness and return to function—Dr. John Lutter Zach Buessing: Validation of equations to predict nursing calf feed intake—Dr. Brad White and Dr. Phillip Lancaster Colin Chun: A preliminary study to investigate the contribution of different tenderness factors to beef loin, tri-tip, and heel tenderness— Dr. Michael Chao Samantha Costigan: Corn gluten feed in Boer-type goat rations—Dr. Cassie Jones and Dr. Alison Crane Olivia Harrison: Use of environmental monitoring to inform biose-

curity compliance in a swine health challenge—Dr. Cassie Jones Ashley Hoffman: Effects of Nannochloropsis algae on growth performance and fatty acid profile of broiler chick—Dr. James Lattimer Ryan Maurer: An investigation of collagen characteristics and collagenase activity in woody breast meat— Dr. Michael Chao Shane Newton: Impact of SYNOVEX® ONE GRASS implantation during suckling on pre-weaning calf growth performance—Dr. Cassie Jones and Dr. John Jaeger Sara Ochoa: Behavioral phenotype assessment of finishing pigs for the NUtrack precision animal management system—Dr. Lindsey Hulbert Macie Reeb: Effects of rest period prior to processing on vaccine response and blood metabolites in feedlot heifers—Dr. Cassie Jones and Dr. A.J. Tarpoff

Ryan Maurer

Kristen Smith: Post treatment intervals and their effect on case fatality rate and first treatment success rate—Dr. Brad White Nicole Stafford: Effects of rest period prior to processing on anthelmintic response during the receiving period in feedlot heifers—Dr. Cassie Jones and Dr. A.J. Tarpoff Haley Watts: Development of commercial poultry skin as a snack food—Dr. Kelly Getty The undergraduate research meat goat course focused on the effects of protein source and ionophore inclusion on meat goat growth performance and carcass traits. Students developed abstracts and posters as part of the course requirements.

Researchers were Chase Archer, Rebekah Arnold, Emily Atkinson, Shaylyn Ballard, Chelsey Bieberle, Reba Colin, Paige Dameron, Miles Hamilton, Kaitlyn Hildebrand, Blake Hopkins, Kaitlin Houck,

Emily Hudson, Autumn Johnson, Gabby Maroulis, Kenzie McAtee, Emily Prugh, Garrett Seltzer, Rae Sorensen, Mikayla Winter and Kristina Zerger.

The swine undergraduate research class focused their research on the effects of organic acids in place of feed-based antibiotics on nursery pig growth performance. Researchers were Megan Anguiano, Jenna Bromm, Ivan Bueso-Interiano, Erin Cocjin, Lauren Duncan, Kaylee Farmer, Alyssa Farran, Anna Hixon, Kate Nelson, Gabriela Olivier, Jordyn Orrison, Shyanne Osterhaus, Scotney Reichenberger, Destiny Serrano-Quiroz, Colton Stucky, Sydney Tastad, Ryan Tipton and Nadia Zhang.

In March, ten K-State undergraduates presented their research at the Midwest American Society of Animal Science Meeting in Omaha. Olivia Harrison and Juliette Toothaker received first and second place undergraduate research poster, respectively.

Undergraduates interested in learning more about the ASI research program, or those interested in sponsoring the program, can contact Dr. Cassie Jones, Coordinator of Undergraduate Research, at 785-532-5289 or jonesc@ksu.edu.

Just For Fun by Ted Foulkes

Our bulls are making friends all across America!

This Leachman bull made a new friend, shortly after delivery in early April, 2020!

Over 1,000 Leachman bulls were delivered to new owners this spring. More than ever, it’s important to buy bulls you can trust from outfits you can trust.

For your next bull purchase, consider letting the Leachman team pick out a bull that is right for you. We will organize delivery. When the bull arrives, if you are not 100% satisfied, we will take the bull back and refund your money. Plus, our bulls have an unconditional, one-year warranty.

If you still need a bull, call or log on to our website today.

Over 900 high $Profit bulls available at auction and private treaty now through Dec. 31st.

Lee Leachman, Managing Partner Jerrod Watson, Bull Customer Service (303) 827-1156 2056 West County Road 70 • Fort Collins, CO (970) 568-3983 • www.leachman.com

F&R Livestock Resource page 25

Beef Consumers Brief Seek Transparency, Brand Trust

Extended-Release Injectable Parasiticide Gastrointestinal Roundworms Lungworms 5% Sterile Solution For the TreatmentBunostomum and Control of Internal and External Parasites of Cattle with Persistent Effectiveness Dictyocaulus viviparus – Adults phlebotomum – Adults and on L4 Pasture Roundworms Not for use in female dairy cattle 20 months age orL older, including dry dairy cows. Not for use in calves toGastrointestinal be processed for veal.

Cooperia oncophora – Adultsof and 4 Bunostomum phlebotomum – Adults and L4 Not for use in breeding bulls, or in calves less than 3 months of age.

Cooperia punctata – Adults and L Cooperia oncophora – Adults and L4 Not for use in cattle managed in feedlots or under intensive rotational grazing.

4 CAUTION: Federal law restricts this drug to use by or Lon4 the order of a licensed veterinarian.

Cooperia punctata – Adults and L4 Cooperia surnabada – Adults and DESCRIPTION Cooperia surnabada – Adults and L4 Haemonchus – Adults LONGRANGE® (eprinomectin) is aplacei ready-to-use, sterile injectable preparationGrubs containing eprinomectin, a member of the macrocyclic Haemonchus placei – Adults lactone class of antiparasitics.

Each mL of LONGRANGE in a co-solvent Hypoderma bovis system of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone Oesophagostomum radiatum –contains Adults50 mg of eprinomectin Oesophagostomum radiatum – Adults (30% v/v) and triacetin (qs), along with 50 mg of poly-lactide-co-glycolic-acid 75:25 (PLGA), a polymer that allows a slow release of eprinomectin Ostertagia – Adults Ostertagia Adults from the formulation, therebylyrata maintaining a prolonged duration of product effectiveness. Butylated hydroxytoluene (0.2 mg/mL) actslyrata as an –antioxidant Ostertagia ostertagi – Adults, L4, and in the formulation.

Ostertagia ostertagi – Adults, L4, and inhibited L 4 The chemical name of eprinomectin inhibited L4 is 4”-deoxy-4” epiacetylamino-avermectin B1. It is a semi-synthetic member of the avermectin family of compounds Trichostrongylus axei – Adults and L4 consisting of a mixture of two homologous components, B1a and B1b, which differ by a single methylene group at C26.

Understanding what motivates consumers in their beef purchases.

Before grocery store shelves were laid bare in the early days of the ongoing pandemic, food researcher Anne-Marie Roerink of 210 Analytics released findings from an annual study of meat case trends and consumer behavior.

She shared what she learned with cattle producers at The Brand Marketing Summit, an event hosted by the American Hereford Association.

“To me, food is a fascinating category to look at as a researcher,” Roerink said. “We’ve been doing the Power of Meat on behalf of the Food Marketing Institute and the National North American Meat Institute.”

Researchers have conducted the study for about 15 years, asking 1,500 consumers detailed questions about their meat purchases.

“We tend to look at consumer behavior and attitudes a lot, and that means what does a consumer do in the grocery store, how do they interact with our food at home? What are their attitudes as it relates to the meat category in specific?” Roerink said.

“With all of that information we hope to help the meat industry all the way from farm to fork, as we say, be better at really meeting the needs and the wants, which is a big thing in today’s environment of the consumer.”

In asking consumers these questions, Roerink and her team are able to gather valuable information to

Mites

Trichostrongylus axei – Adults and L4

Lungworms Dictyocaulus viviparus – Adults

Grubs Hypoderma bovis Mites Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis

Trichostrongylus colubriformis – Adults

Persistent Activity INDICATIONS FOR USE Trichostrongylus – Adults scabiei Persistent LONGRANGE has been provenActivity to effectively protect cattle from reinfection with the following LONGRANGE, when administered at thecolubriformis recommended dose volume of 1 mL perSarcoptes 110 lb (50 kg) body var. bovis weight, is effective in the treatment and control of the following internal and external parasites of cattle: parasites for the indicated amounts of time following treatment: the following parasites for the indicated amounts of time following treatment:

Gastrointestinal Roundworms Bunostomum phlebotomum – Adults and L4 Cooperia oncophora – Adults and L4 Parasites Cooperia punctata – Adults and L4 Cooperia surnabada – Adults and L4 Roundworms Gastrointestinal Haemonchus placei – Adults Bunostomum phlebotomum Oesophagostomum radiatum – Adults Cooperia Ostertagia lyrata – Adultsoncophora Cooperia punctata Ostertagia ostertagi – Adults, L4 and inhibited L4 TrichostrongylusHaemonchus axei – Adults and L4 placei TrichostrongylusOesophagostomum colubriformis – Adults radiatum

Lungworms

Parasites Parasites

Roundworms Roundworms Dictyocaulus viviparus – Adults Durations ofGastrointestinalGastrointestinal Bunostomum phlebotomum Bunostomum phlebotomum Cooperia oncophora Cooperia oncophora Grubs Cooperia punctata Cooperia punctata 150 days Haemonchus placei Hypoderma bovis Haemonchus placei Oesophagostomum radiatum 100 days Oesophagostomum radiatum Mites Ostertagia lyrata Ostertagia lyrata 100 days Ostertagia ostertagi Ostertagia ostertagi Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis 120 days axei TrichostrongylusTrichostrongylus axei 120 days Lungworms Lungworms Dictyocaulus viviparus 120 days Dictyocaulus viviparus

Durations Durationsofof Persistent Effectiveness 150 150days days 100 100days days

100days days 100 pass on to the producers. For the beef 120days days 120 120 days industry, she offered insight.

120 days 120days days 120 “Where I think the beef industry 120days days 120 100 days 100 days has a lot of ground to gain is in teach150 days Ostertagia lyrata 150 days ing people more about beef, to make DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 120 days Ostertagia ostertagi DOSAGE ANDdosage ADMINISTRATION LONGRANGE® (eprinomectin) should be given only by subcutaneous injection in front of the shoulder at the recommended level of 1 mg Body Weight (lb) Dose Volume (mL) LONGRANGE® (eprinomectin) Trichostrongylus 100 days sure that not everything is ground eprinomectin per kg body weight axei (1 mL per 110 lb body weight). Each mL of LONGRANGE contains 50 mg of eprinomectin, sufficient to treat 110 1 be given onlyreaction. by 110 lb (50 kg) body weight. Divide doses greater than 10 mL between two injection sites to reduce occasional should discomfort or site 220 2 Lungworms subcutaneous injection in front of 330 3 or meatballs or burgers, but really Do not underdose.

Ensure each animal receives a complete dose based on a current body weight.

Underdosing may result in ineffective the shoulder at the recommended Dictyocaulus viviparus 150 days 440 4 treatment, and encourage the development of parasite resistance. dosage level of 1 mg eprinomectin 550 5 per kg body (1 mL per 110 lb giving the younger generations more LONGRANGE is to be given subcutaneously only. Animals should be appropriately restrained to achieve the proper routeweight of administration.

660 6 body weight).

Inject under the loose skin in front of the shoulder (see illustration) using a 16(lb) or 18Dose gauge,Volume ½ to ¾ inch needle.

Body Weight (mL) Each mL of LONGRANGE contains 770 7 comfort with preparing roasts and Sanitize the injection site by applying a suitable disinfectant. Clean, properly disinfected needles should be used to reduce the potential for injection 880 8 110 1 site infections. to treat 110 lb (50 kg) body weight.

990 9 220 2 ribs and what they consider the more Divide doses greater than 10 mL 100 mL bottle size: Use only polypropylene syringes.

1100 10 between two injection sites to Not for use with polycarbonate syringe material. If syringe material is not known, contact the syringe manufacturer prior to use for identification.

LONGRANGE is to be given 330 3 occasional discomfort or site Alternatively, a 50-mL polypropylene repeater syringe compatible with LONGRANGE may be used. To obtain a list ofreduce compatible equipment, subcutaneously only.contact Animals difficult cuts as well,” she said. reaction.

440 4 stopper has been should be appropriately restrained Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. at 1-888-637-4251. Do not use beyond 3 months after punctured.

Discard bottle to achieve the proper route of after 15 stopper punctures.

LONGRANGE should not be stored in the repeater syringe.

550 5 When it comes to the next generadministration. Inject under the 250 mL and 500 mL bottle sizes: Use only automatic syringe equipment looseHealth skin in USA frontInc. of the shoulder 660 provided by Boehringer 6 Ingelheim Animal (see illustration) using a 16 or 18 ation of shoppers, transparency will To obtain compatible equipment, contact Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. at 1-888-637-4251 or your veterinarian.

LONGRANGE 7 ½ to Discard ¾ inch needle. should not be stored in automatic syringe equipment. Automatic syringe770 equipment should be thoroughly cleaned aftergauge, each use. bottle Sanitize the injection site by after one stopper puncture with draw-off spike.

880 8 win the day, Roerink explained. applying a suitable disinfectant.

Extended-Release Injectable Parasiticide Alternatively, a 50-mL polypropylene repeater with LONGRANGE may be9used.

Clean, properly disinfected needles should be used to reduce the potential 5% Sterilesyringe Solutioncompatible 990 for injection site infections. the Treatment andIngelheim Control ofAnimal InternalHealth and External “We have a lot of opportunity to To obtain a list of compatible equipment,For contact Boehringer USA Inc. at101-888-637-4251. When using a repeater syringe do not use beyond 3 months after stopper 1100 50 mL bottle size: Use only polypropylene syringes. Not for use with Parasites of Cattle on Pastureshould with Persistent Effectiveness has been punctured. Discard bottle after 15 punctures.

LONGRANGE not be stored in the repeater syringe. polycarbonate syringe material. If syringe material is not known, contact the Not for use in female dairy cattle 20 months of age or older, including dry connect with Millennials in new and No special handling or protective clothingdairy is necessary. syringe manufacturer prior to use for identification. Do not use beyond 3 months cows. Not for use in calves to be processed for veal. after stopper has been punctured. Discard bottle after 15 stopper punctures.

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Not for use in breeding bulls, or in calves less than 3 months of age.

250 mL and 500 mL bottle sizes: Use only automatic syringe equipment Not for use in cattle managed in feedlots or under intensive rotational different ways. It’s also a lot more Withdrawal Periods and Residue Warnings Merial.

To obtain equipment, contact Merial at 1-888grazing.must not be slaughtered within 48 days of the last treatment. This drugprovided Animals intended for human consumption product isbynot approved for compatible use in female dairy cattle 20 months 637-4251 or your veterinarian. LONGRANGE should not be stored in automatic CAUTION: Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a of age or older, including dry dairy cows.

Use in these cattle may cause drug residues in milk and/or in calves born to theseequipment. cows. A withdrawal period equipment has not been established for cleaned need for transparency,” she said. “It’s syringe Automatic syringe should be thoroughly licensed veterinarian. pre-ruminating calves. Do not use in calves to be processed for veal. after each use. Discard bottle after one stopper puncture with draw-off spike.

Alternatively, a 50-mL polypropylene repeater syringe compatible with DESCRIPTION User Safety Warnings wanting to know more about where LONGRANGE may be used. To obtain a list of compatible equipment, contact LONGRANGE® is achildren. ready-to-use, sterile injectable preparation Not for Use in Humans. Keep this and all drugs out(eprinomectin) of the reach of Merial at 1-888-637-4251. When using a repeater syringe, do not use beyond containing eprinomectin, a member of the macrocyclic lactone class of The Safety Data Sheet (SDS) contains more antiparasitics. detailed occupational safety information.

To report effects, toin obtain an SDS, or for assistance, contact Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. does it come from, where was it 3 months after stopper has been punctured.

Discard bottle after 15 punctures.

Each mL of LONGRANGE contains 50 mgadverse of eprinomectin a at 1-888-637-4251. For additional information about system adverseofdrug experience reporting(30% for animal contact or http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/SafetyHealth.

LONGRANGE should not be stored in the repeater syringe. co-solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone v/v) anddrugs, triacetin (qs), FDA alongat 1-888-FDA-VETS, No special handling or protective clothing is necessary. with 50 mg of poly-lactide-co-glycolic-acid 75:25 (PLGA), a polymer that allows Animal Safety Warnings and Precautions raised, how was it raised, what did it a slow release from thepossible formulation, thereby maintaining a These reactions have disappeared without treatment. Local tissue reaction The product is likely to cause tissue damage at the siteofofeprinomectin injection, including granulomas and necrosis.

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS prolonged duration of product effectiveness. Butylated hydroxytoluene (0.2 mg/ may result in trim loss of edible tissue at slaughter. eat, and I think that is a huge oppormL) acts as an antioxidant in the formulation.

Observe cattle for injection site reactions.The If injection are suspected, consult your veterinarian. This product is not for intravenous or intramuscular use. Protect product from Withdrawal Periods and Residue Warnings chemical site namereactions of eprinomectin is 4”-deoxy-4”-epiacetylamino-avermectin light. LONGRANGE® (eprinomectin) has been specifically for use in cattle only. This product should not be used in other animal species.

Animals intended for human consumption must not be slaughtered is a semi-synthetic member B . Itdeveloped tunity for producers to connect with within 48 days of the last treatment. of the avermectin family of When to Treat Cattle with Grubs This drug product is not approved for use in female dairy cattle 20 consisting of a mixture LONGRANGE effectively controls all stagescompounds of cattle grubs.

However, proper timing of treatment is important. For the most effective treated as soon possible after monthsresults, of age orcattle older,should includingbedry dairy cows.

Useas in these cattle of two homologous components, consumers on.” the end of the heel fly (warble fly) season.B Destruction of Hypoderma larvae (cattle grubs) at the period when these grubs aremay in vital may cause undesirable host-parasite reactions, causeareas drug residues in milk and/or in calves born to these cows. and B , which differ by a single including the possibility of fatalities. Killing Hypoderma lineatum when it is in the tissue surrounding the esophagus (gullet) may cause salivation and bloat; killing H. bovis when it is in the A withdrawal period has not been established for pre-ruminating methylene group at C .

“To me, transparency is the curvertebral canal may cause staggering or paralysis. These reactions are not specific to treatment with LONGRANGE, but can occur withDoany of grubs.

Cattle should be calves. not successful use in calvestreatment to be processed for veal. treated either before or after these stagesINDICATIONS of grub development.

FOR USE Consult your veterinarian concerning the proper time for treatment.

User Safety Warnings LONGRANGE, when administered rency of trust, and the more we can Environmental Hazards for Use in Humans. this and allmay drugs out of the reachfish of and children. the recommended dosesoil, volume of 1 mL pertightly 110 lb binds (50 kg)tobody Studies indicate that when eprinomectinatcomes in contact with it readily and the weight, soil andisbecomesNot inactive over time. FreeKeep eprinomectin adversely affect The material safety data sheet (MSDS) contains more detailed occupational effective in the treatment and control of the following internal and external certain aquatic organisms. Do not contaminate water by direct application or by improper disposal of drug containers. Dispose of containers in an approved landfill or by incineration. show, the more the consumer will safety information. To report adverse effects, to obtain an MSDS, or for parasites of cattle: As with other avermectins, eprinomectin is excreted in the dung of treated animals and can inhibit the reproduction andassistance, growth ofcontact pest and beneficial insects thatForuseadditional dung asinformation a source ofabout Merial at 1-888-637-4251.

Lungworms adverse drug experience reporting for animal drugs, contact to FDAhave at 1-888-FDAfood and for reproduction. The magnitudeGastrointestinal and duration ofRoundworms such effects are species and life-cycle specific. When used according to label directions, the product is not expected an start to link again to the brand and Bunostomum phlebotomum – Adults and L Dictyocaulus viviparus – Adults VETS, or http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary. adverse impact on populations of dung-dependent insects.

Cooperia oncophora – Adults and L Not for use in cattle managed in feedlots or under intensive rotational grazing because the environmental impact has not been evaluated for these scenarios. to the eating experience and that Animal Safety Warnings and Precautions Cooperia punctata – Adults and L The product is likely to cause tissue damage at the site of injection, including Other Warnings: Parasite resistance may Cooperia develop surnabada to any dewormer, and has been reported for most classes of dewormers.

– Adults and L possible granulomas and necrosis. These reactions have disappeared without just means a win all the way around,” Treatment with a dewormer used in conjunction with parasite practices appropriate animal(s)Local to be treated maymay slowresult the development of parasite Haemonchus placeimanagement – Adults Grubs to the geographic area and the treatment. tissue reaction in trim loss of edible tissueresistance. at slaughter.

Observe cattle for injection site reactions.prior If injection site reactions are Hypoderma bovis Fecal examinations or other diagnostic tests and parasite management history should be used to determine if the product is appropriate for the herd/flock, to the use of any dewormer.

Oesophagostomum radiatum – Adults Roerink said. consult your veterinarian.

This product is notmethod). for intravenous or Following the use of any dewormer, effectiveness treatment should be monitored (for example, with the use of a fecalsuspected, egg count reduction test or another appropriate Ostertagiaoflyrata – Adults intramuscular use. Protect product from light. LONGRANGE® (eprinomectin) has Ostertagia ostertagiby– fecal Adults,egg L , count and reduction tests may indicate the development A decrease in a drug’s effectiveness over time as calculated of resistance to the dewormer administered.

Your parasite been developed specifically for use in cattle only. This product should not be Gastrointestinal Roundworms Lungworms At the meat case, Certified Herinhibited Lbased on regular monitoring. management plan should be adjusted accordingly used in other animal species.

Dictyocaulus viviparus – Adults Bunostomum phlebotomum – Adults and L Trichostrongylus axeimay – Adults and Lselection pressure Mites for resistant parasites. This effect may be more pronounced in extended-release formulations.

Macrocyclic lactones provide prolonged drug exposure that increase Cooperia oncophora – Adults and L eford Beef ® is one way the nation’s When to Treat Cattle with Grubs Trichostrongylus colubriformis – Adults Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LONGRANGE effectively controls all stages of cattle grubs. However, proper Cooperia punctata – Adults and L Persistent to its unique formulation characteristics, whenActivity LONGRANGE is injected subcutaneously in the shoulder area of cattle, a polymeric PLGAis matrix is formed. timing of treatment important.

For the The mostbiodegradable effective results,matrix cattle should cattle producers are capitalizingCooperia onsurnabada a – Adults and L Due beenaproven to effectively cattle from reinfection with solidifies in vivo to form an in situ formingLONGRANGE gel, whichhas allows gradual release of protect eprinomectin from the formulation.

Theberate-limiting is diffusion through gel matrix. treated as soonstep as possible afterof thethe enddrug of the heel flythe (warble fly) season. the following parasites for amounts of time treatment: Haemonchus placei – Adults BecauseGrubs of its mechanism of release, absorption characteristics canthebeindicated highly dependent uponfollowing the injection technique used and theofcorresponding surface volume ratio of the gel.these Clinical Destruction Hypoderma larvae (cattletogrubs) at the period when grubs bovis and milbemycins is closely related to their pharmacokinetic behavior,Durations Oesophagostomum radiatum – Adults efficacyHypoderma great eating experience—and buildare in vitaltoareas cause undesirable host-parasite including the of avermectins and the time activemay drug concentrations is relevant toreactions, obtain optimal of of parasite exposure Parasiteset al., 1999; Lifschitz et al., 2004; Shoop et al., 1996).possibility fatalities.

Hypoderma lineatum when it is in the tissue and persistent antiparasitic activity (Lanusse et al., 1997; Lifschitz Lifschitz etof al.

(1999)Killing indicated that plasma concentrations between Ostertagia lyrata – Adults Persistent Effectiveness surrounding the esophagus cause salivation and bloat;studies killing of drug level required for optimal nematocidal activity, while others have suggested minimum levels(gullet) of 1 to may 2 ng/mL. Pharmacokinetic Gastrointestinal Roundworms Ostertagia ostertagi – Adults, L , and 0.5 and 1 ng/mL would represent the minimal ing a positive story about how their LONGRANGE in cattle indicate that effectiveBunostomum plasma levels remain for an extended period of time150(atdays least 100 days). H. bovis when it is in the vertebral canal may cause staggering or paralysis. inhibited L phlebotomum These reactions are not specific to treatment with LONGRANGE, but can occur Mean Eprinomectin B 100Plasma Trichostrongylus axei – Adults and L Mites days Concentration Cooperia oncophora with any successful treatment of grubs. Cattle should be treated either before or product is raised.

Versus Time Following a Single Subcutaneous Injection of a afterLONGRANGE these stages of grubatdevelopment.

Consult your veterinarian concerning Trichostrongylus colubriformis – Adults Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis 1a

1b

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4

4

4

4

Mode of Action The macrocyclic lac bind selectively an that are present in in the permeability of the nerve or mu Compounds of this channels, such as t acid (GABA).

The margin of safe to the fact that ma and that the macro ligand-gated chan

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

Parasites

1a

®

100 days Cooperia punctata Dose Rate of 1 mg Eprinomectin per kg Body Weight Beef Cattle thein proper time for treatment.

Haemonchus placei 120 days (Arithmetic Mean ± Standard120 Deviation n=42) days of the Mean, Oesophagostomum radiatum Environmental Hazards 120 days Ostertagia lyrata Studies indicate that when eprinomectin comes in contact with soil, it readily and tightly binds to the soil and becomes inactive over time. Free eprinomectin 120 days Ostertagia ostertagi Durations of may adversely affect fish and certain aquatic organisms. Do not contaminate Trichostrongylus axei 100 days water by direct application or by improper disposal of drug containers. Dispose Lungworms of containers in an approved landfill or by incineration.

150 days Dictyocaulus viviparus 150 days As with other avermectins, eprinomectin is excreted in the dung of treated animals and can inhibit the reproduction and growth of pest and beneficial 100 days insects that use dung as a source of food and for reproduction. The magnitude DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 100 days Body Weight (lb) Dose Volume (mL) and duration of such effects are species and life-cycle specific. When used LONGRANGE® (eprinomectin) 120 days 110 1 according to label directions, the product is not expected to have an adverse should be given only by 120 days impact on populations of dung-dependent insects.

220 2 subcutaneous injection in front of Not for use in cattle managed in feedlots or under intensive rotational grazing 120 days the shoulder at the recommended 330 3 because the environmental impact has not been evaluated for these scenarios. dosage level of 1 mg eprinomectin 120 days 440 4 per kg body weight (1 mL per 110 lb 100 days 550 5 Other Warnings: Underdosing and/or subtherapeutic concentrations of body weight). extended-release anthelmintic products may encourage the development of 660 6 Each mL of LONGRANGE contains parasite resistance. It is recommended that parasite resistance be monitored 50 mg of eprinomectin, sufficient 150 days 770 7 following the use of any anthelmintic with the use of a fecal egg count Mode of Action to treat 110 lb (50 kg) body weight.

880 8 reduction test program.

The macrocyclic lactones have a unique mode of action.

Compounds chloride ion channels that are present in invertebrate Divide doses greater than 10ofmLthis class bind selectively and with high affinity to glutamate-gated 990to chloride ions with 9 hyperpolarization of the nerve or muscle cell, resulting in paralysis and death of the Body Weight (lb) cells.

DoseThis Volume nerve and muscle leads(mL) to an increase in the between twopermeability injection sitesoftothe cell membrane 1100 10 gated by the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). discomfort or chloride site parasite.110Compounds of this 1class may alsoreduce interactoccasional in other ligand-gated ion channels, such as those reaction.

220 2

The margin of safety for compounds of this class is at least partially attributable to the fact that mammals do not have glutamate-gated chloride ion channels, and that the macrocyclic lactones 330affinity for other mammalian 3 have low ligand-gated channels and do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier.

TARGET440 ANIMAL SAFETY 4 550 have demonstrated 5 the wide margin of safety of LONGRANGE® (eprinomectin). Overdosing at 3 to 5 times the recommended dose resulted in a statistically significant reduction in average Clinical studies weight gain 660 when compared to 6 the group tested at label dose. Treatment-related lesions observed in most cattle administered the product included swelling, hyperemia, or necrosis in the subcutaneous tissue of770 the skin. The administration of LONGRANGE at 3 times the recommended therapeutic dose had no adverse reproductive effects on beef cows at all stages of breeding or pregnancy or on their calves.

7 Not for880 use in bulls, as reproductive safety testing has not been conducted in males intended for breeding or actively breeding. Not for use in calves less than 3 months of age because safety 8 testing990 has not been conducted in calves less than 3 months of age.

9 HOW SUPPLIED 1100 10 LONGRANGE is available in three ready-to-use glass bottle sizes. The 100, 250 and 500 mL bottles contain sufficient solution to treat 20, 50 and 100 head of 550 lb (250 kg) cattle, respectively.

The 250 and 500 mL bottles are supplied in a removable plastic protector.

STORAGE Store at 77° F (25° C) with Approved

by FDA under NADAexcursions # 141-327 between 59° and 86° F (15° and 30° C). Protect from light.

Made in Canada.

Manufactured for Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., Duluth, GA 30096 ®The Cattle Head Logo and ®LONGRANGE are registered trademarks of Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. ©2019 Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. All rights reserved.

1050-2889-08, Rev. 01/2019, 8LON016E US-BOV-0430-2020

Summer 2020

Mean Ep Following a Dose Rate of (Arithme

1

Gastrointestinal Roundworms Bunostomum phlebotomum Cooperia oncophora Cooperia punctata Haemonchus placei Oesophagostomum radiatum Ostertagia lyrata Ostertagia ostertagi Trichostrongylus axei Lungworms Dictyocaulus viviparus

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CLINICAL PHARM Due to its unique f subcutaneously in formed. The biodeg gel, which allows a rate-limiting step i its mechanism of r upon the injection ratio of the gel.

Clinical efficacy of pharmacokinetic b concentrations is re (Lanusse et al., 199 1996). Lifschitz et 0.5 and 1 ng/mL w nematocidal activi ng/mL. Pharmacok plasma levels rema

TARGET ANIMAL S Clinical studies hav (eprinomectin). Ov in a statistically sig to the group tested cattle administered subcutaneous tissu the recommended cows at all stages o Not for use in bulls males intended for 3 months of age be than 3 months of a

HOW SUPPLIED LONGRANGE is ava and 500 mL bottle 550 lb (250 kg) cat removable plastic p

STORAGE Store at 77° F (25° Protect from light.

NADA #141-327, A

Made in Canada.

Manufactured for M The Cattle Head are registered trad ©2015 Merial, Inc. 1050-2889-06, Rev

®

25.4

1

WITH JUST ONE DOSE, LONGRANGE® (EPRINOMECTIN) WORKS UP TO 5X LONGER.1

MORE POUNDS THAN

By delivering up to 150 days of parasite control with just one dose2, LongRange® (eprinomectin) offers the best economic return of any dewormer on the market. The season-long protection provided by Theraphase® technology means greater defense against nutrient-robbing parasites — and ultimately, heftier cattle. Visit theLONGRANGElook.com to learn more.

Dectomax® (doramectin).3

Visit theLONGRANGElook.com to learn more.

WORTH ITS WEIGHT IN

POUNDS.

LONGRANGE IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION: Do not treat within 48 days of slaughter. Not for use in female dairy cattle 20 months of age or older, including dry dairy cows, or in veal calves. Post-injection site damage (e.g., granulomas, necrosis) can occur. These reactions have disappeared without treatment. Not for use in breeding bulls, or in calves less than 3 months of age. Not for use in cattle managed in feedlots or under intensive rotational grazing.

Results based on actual on-farm comparative demonstration. Individual herd results may vary. Data on file at Boehringer Ingelheim.

Dependent upon parasite species, as referenced in FOI summary and LONGRANGE product label.

3 DECTOMAX product label.

1 2

Available in 500 mL, 250 mL and 100 mL bottles.

Administer subcutaneously at 1 mL/110 lbs.

LONGRANGE®, THERAPHASE® and The Cattle Head Logo® are registered trademarks of Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners. ©2019 Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., Duluth, GA. All Rights Reserved. BOV-2008-GEN0219

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Summer 2020