Fresh State of Affairs - Issue #54

54 SEP 2020 ISSUE

of affairs

Keeping the Market together when we're apart 40 Year Service Awards

Health crisis continues for exporters and importers

COVID-19 drives demand for veggies

ISSUE 54 — SEP 2020

Contents 05

4 — Letter from CEO When we thought COVID 19 had thrown all it could at us by the end of June, it was far from over when the second wave hit

5 — Farms2schools Port Phillip and Western Port Catchment Management Authority is delivering a new cross-industry program — Farms2Schools

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9 — COVID-19 Business implications

16 — COVID-19 drives demand for veggies

The ‘new normal’ is a term that is currently being used and heard over and over again

Consumer vegetable intake has risen as a result of COVID-19

10 — What’s new for ABC Works for a Spring campaign are already in progress and set to commence late September

12 — Health crisis continues 6 — FareShare in the Market for exporters and importers FareShare will start collecting vegetables from a new collection bay at the Melbourne Market

Published By:

It is with caution we await the data for horticulture exports where the true impact of Covid-19 on Australia’s horticultural exports is likely to manifest

CEO: Jason Cooper jason@freshstate.com.au Editor/Advertising: Dee Sherry dee@freshstate.com.au

W: freshstate.com.au P: (03) 9408 6627 2

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Photography: Dee Sherry

18 — Imagine a world with no pain We often hear the phrase 'imagine a world with no pain,' wouldn't that be wonderful?

20 — 40 Year Service Awards Awknowledging many years of service in our industry

Design & Print:

Distribution: Fresh State of Affairs is produced by Fresh State Ltd. and is a free publication.

ISSUE 54 — SEP 2020

President’s Message 22

22 — Recipe A great spring recipe: Lemon Tart

23 — Calendar of Events + Postponed Events

Thankfully we have seen a fall in COVID-19 cases in our state. It was a challenging couple of months in our second lockdown, and though we hoped we’d see the end of stage 4 by September, there’s still a long way to go. We all felt the strain and difficulties during these stressful times, and I again hope everyone is continuing to stay healthy and safe.

I want to thank the market community for the work they have done over this year. It has not been an easy one, and we still may not be out of the clear yet, but your efforts need to be acknowledged at every instant.

Once again, this edition is full of some worthy reads.

What’s new for ABC, COVID-19 drives demand for veggies, and 40 Year Service Awards are among the many articles you should look at.

This magazine is easily accessible anywhere online and on any screen. We always appreciate input from our members and the community; if you have any feedback, please let us know.

Shane Schnitzler President Fresh State Ltd.

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Letter from the CEO When we thought COVID 19 had thrown all it could at us by the end of June, it was far from over when the second wave hit.

Even worse than before, Victoria fell into a stage 4 lockdown with stricter rules and conditions.

The uncertainty and stress within everyone in our industry were felt when new rules were imposed, which saw all retail, gyms, and others deemed 'not essential' close. Though we are and have always been an essential service to Victoria, the very thought of a potential closure of the Market continues to play on people’s minds. We were fortunate enough to stay open but did see the flower market close for a time, which I'm sure was a very stressful time for all that were affected.

Now we see an environment, with all workers wearing masks, face coverings, or anything to keep them safe from this invisible killer. Social distancing rules remain in place, some of which we can expect will stay with us for years. The 'new normal' has set in, where we can see our working lives never returning to pre-COVID times.

We are thankful to be past what we hope was our darkest days of the pandemic. To all those in the market community who have contracted the virus or have family members directly impacted by the virus, our thoughts are with you and wish you, your family, and friends a speedy recovery and hope that you are well and safe.

We are thankful to be past what we hope was our darkest days of the pandemic.

Though it has been extremely challenging for the market community, we have been resilient when facing these tough times. I commend you on all your hard work and effort. Fresh State is always here to assist businesses in any way, and we have many resources available to you in these unpredictable times.

Please feel free to contact us.

Stay safe,

Jason Cooper 4

CEO Fresh State Ltd.

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VIC growers sought to get involved with new Farms2Schools initiative Port Phillip and Western Port Catchment Management Authority is delivering a new cross-industry program – Farms2Schools. The program is designed to get primary and secondary schools engaged with agriculture.

Farms2Schools is a new and innovative Victorian Government-funded program which will provide primary and secondary students with insights into how agricultural products get from the paddock to their plate.

Over the next six months, schools from across the Port Phillip and Western Port region will be teamed with local farmers who will share their experiences and knowledge through incursions and excursions.

AUSVEG VIC’s Schools on Farms program is proudly partnering with the project owners to support this initiative. Schools on Farms is an AUSVEG VIC self-funded industry-led initiative,

with support from Boomaroo Nurseries and the Stephanie Alexander Kitchen Garden Foundation.

There is a financial incentive for growers who wish to get involved in the Farms2Schools project.

Expressions of interest are now being accepted from Victorian vegetable growers that would like to be involved. Call Tim Withers on 03 9070 0704 or click here to fill out your expression of interest on the AUSVEG website: https://ausveg.com.au/articles/ vic-growers-sought-to-get-involved-with-newfarms2schools-initiative/ Expressions of interest will be accepted until the end of November.

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FareShare in the Market FareShare, which runs Australia’s largest charity kitchens, will soon be cooking tonnes of rescued food from the Melbourne Market into cooked, nutritious meals for those going hungry.

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The number of people seeking food relief has increased by more than 50% across Victoria since the start of the coronavirus pandemic. People have lost their jobs, visa holders and international students have been left without financial support, and many others have fallen into hard times.

During this time, FareShare has continued to cook millions of meals for our most vulnerable.

Vegetables required:

From Monday, September 14, FareShare will start collecting vegetables from a new collection bay at the back of Store 6 on the northern end of the market, each morning from Monday to Friday.

¡ Brussel Sprouts

The vegetables will be used to cook meals in the Abbotsford kitchen, including casseroles, stews, curries, quiches, and savoury pastries.

FareShare CEO Marcus Godinho said rescuing vegetables still fit for human consumption was an important part of FareShare’s mission and would help increase the number of meals its chefs and hundreds of volunteers could cook.

“Vegetables are critical to ensuring FareShare meals are nutritious,” Mr. Godinho said. “Every one of our meals provides two-thirds of the daily recommended intake of vegetables and more than half of protein. Collections from the market will help us maintain our high nutritional standard of meals.”.

All FareShare meals are given away free to frontline charities such as homeless shelters, soup vans, women’s refuges, and community food banks.

Vegetables are critical to ensuring FareShare meals are nutritious.

¡ Asian greens ¡ Asparagus ¡ Beans (any variety) ¡ Broccoli

¡ Cabbage ¡ Capsicum (any variety) ¡ Carrots ¡ Cauliflower ¡ Celeriac ¡ Celery ¡ Corn ¡ Eggplant ¡ Garlic ¡ Ginger ¡ Leeks ¡ Mushroom (any variety) ¡ Onions (any variety) ¡ Parsnips ¡ Peas / Snow peas ¡ Potatoes (preferably washed) ¡ Pumpkin (any variety) ¡ Silver beet ¡ Spinach ¡ Squash ¡ Swedes ¡ Sweet potato (any variety) ¡ Tomatoes (any variety) ¡ Turnips ¡ Zucchini

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COVID-19

Business implications The ‘new normal’ is a term that is currently being used and heard over and over again. Maintaining business resilience during these times requires several organisational changes which can be very challenging. The path to recovery can involve making difficult decisions, whether they be financial, operational, commercial or community orientated, to suit the uncertainty of times we are currently in.

KPMG, who are experts in audit and assurance, tax and advisory, have outlined four stages that they see as the path through recovery.

Reaction.

All organisations are simultaneously impacted as professional and personal lives are disrupted.

Volatility and uncertainty permeate society as the primary focus is on limiting damage to lives and livelihoods as we weather the unprecedented storm.

Resilience.

Recovery.

Anxiety passes and hiring, investment and consumer sentiment cautiously improve. Recovery paths for organisations will vary based on ability to limit damage from the Reaction stage, length and severity of recession, post COVID-19 industry demand and willingness to adapt.

Controls loosen as virus spread is contained and/ or a vaccination or cure is available. Consumer demand begins to return but is constrained by lost wages, investment losses and recession fears.

New Reality.

All Victorians are facing these current challenges, and working towards recovery and adapting to a ‘Covid and post-Covid life’ will be extremely difficult. Imbedding resilience into everyday business practices, takes effort from all parties and requires everyone to work together.

https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/au/ pdf/2020/covid-19-guide-to-maintaining-businessresilience.pdf

KPMG have provided a number of resources to the public.

A number of enduring shifts will remain post recovery as many learnt behaviours born out of the crisis will become central to the new normal.

Link to Government assistance programs at a glance: https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/ au/pdf/2020/covid-19-government-assistanceprograms.pdf

Click or type in this link to find material which will further help you understand your business’ exposure to disruption caused by COVID-19, and could help you position your business to be more resilient.

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ISSUE 54 — SEP 2020

What’s new for ABC After a successful winter campaign for 'A Better Choice!', works for a Spring campaign are already in progress and set to commence late September.

In Victoria, the 'Shop Local to Veg In This Winter' campaign hit our radios with full force and achieved a high digital presence. Shopping at your local greengrocer and independent supermarket for delicious home-cooked dinners, was heard on Victoria's most popular radio stations for about four weeks. We were lucky enough to grab prime radio spots, including live reads after traffic reports and during morning and afternoon school times.

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We were also granted bonus air times communicating the message that 'greengrocers and independent supermarkets stock a range of products, where you can find all of your lunch and dinner meal ingredients without having to go anywhere else.' Though restrictions due to COVID 19 did play a big part in receiving and delivering campaign merchandise, the digital and radio presence was a success.

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Make way for ABC's new campaign, 'Spring Fresh.'

This brand awareness campaign will run over two months. The aim is to encourage consumers to make “A better choice!” and shop at their local greengrocer or fruit shop for their fresh produce from September through to November in particular.

ABC wants to promote these specific shopping months or the Spring season as a way for consumers to support small businesses and their communities by changing their shopping habits in these months, in the hope that this will alter their shopping habits for the long term.

be conducted to ensure you're across all of the new ABC and' business as usual' activity. This is also when the team can hear retailers' feedback and any concerns they have.

We are always eager to hear your feedback.

Let us know your thoughts on past campaigns and suggestions for new campaigns. We always appreciate hearing from you.

Please email feedback to dee@freshstate.com.au.

You're sure to see and hear the campaign slogan out and about; 'I'm shopping local to support Spring Fresh.' Victoria will be again taking part in radio advertisements, social media assets, and Point of Sale material. In-store promotional content will be available to ABC retailers, including posters, shelf wobblers, basket liners, and recipe cards.

Introducing the new 'A better choice!' National Program Manager, James Patrick. James has professional experience across various management positions in different industries such as logistics, technology, startup/gig economy, retail, sport, automotive, and design. His many skills in management, strategy, partnerships, and marketing, set the ABC program up with a promising future ahead of it.

“It’s a pleasure to be joining Fresh Markets Australia and the national program 'A better choice!' and working with a program that that supports independent retailers, independent supermarkets, and the central market supply chain; as I myself was once an independent retailer so understand the drivers that business owners face each day. The program has achieved great things since its inception, and I am looking forward to continuing its momentum and build on past successes, helping grow the program to full fruition while making a contribution to one of Australia’s cornerstone industries,” James said.

Over the next couple of months, or when COVID-19 restrictions permit, you will be seeing and hearing a lot more of the 'A better choice!'

Victorian committee. We understand that the life of a greengrocer is hectic and full of commotion, so we're coming to you! The Vic committee will be sending out their team to jazz up your stores with all the new campaign merchandise, making sure you're always up to date. Check-ins will

It’s a pleasure to be joining Fresh Markets Australia and the national program 'A better choice!' and working with a program that that supports independent retailers, independent supermarkets, and the central market supply chain...

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Health crisis continues for exporters and importers By: Andréa Magiafoglou

It is with caution we await the Second Quarter trade data for horticulture exports where the true impact of Covid-19 on Australia’s horticultural exports is likely to manifest. Since the Covid-19 crisis commenced, Australian airfreight capacity was down as much as 91% on pre-covid levels. Additional flights have since commenced commercially and extra support via the International Freight Assistance Mechanism (IFAM) have seen this figure move to 68% down from pre-covid levels. Increased capacity is anticipated once international borders reopen for passenger movement.

As of late May, IFAM has uplifted over 25,000 tonnes of agricultural and seafood products via 1,000 flights to 28 international destinations.

The Government funding initiative to support agricultural exports has been widely welcomed, however, despite the volume of cargo horticulture exporters have reported limited uptake. As of late May, fresh fruit and vegetables represent approximately 10% of total cargo sent through the Mechanism. Due to the nature of fresh produce supplies, a challenge for exporters has been booking and meeting capacity requirements, and at a cost that remains competitive in the global marketplace.

At current expenditure, the original $110M assistance provided by the Federal Government is expected to be fully expended by the week of 12th July 2020. With reduced airfreight capacity likely to continue for some time yet, focus is now on a Cabinet submission made by the Minister for Trade, Tourism and Investment, Senator the Hon Simon Birmingham, and Minister for Agriculture, Drought and Emergency Management, The Hon David Littleproud MP, to extend IFAM beyond the current funding period. It is clear that horticulture has a strong need for ongoing support for fresh produce exports that are airfreight-reliant, particularly moving into the second half of 2020 and early 2021.

The International Freight Coordinator General of IFAM, Michael Byrne, reported that the challenges for exporters of fresh fruits and vegetables, in particular the price sensitivity that impacts on

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greater uptake of IFAM for horticulture producers, has been taken into consideration in this Cabinet submission.

Beyond airfreight, the impacts of Covid-19 have resulted in a slowdown in supply chains in general, and similar to within Australia, demand from food services overseas has been affected, with reduced pricing reported in some markets. Seafreight has not been immune either, with shipping affected by congestion surcharges, reduced reefer availability and delayed clearance times. Depending on how each government is responding to Covid-19, the impact varies across markets and requires Australian horticultural exporters to be flexible and adaptive in response.

Alleviating some of the challenges in the current Covid-19 environment is the welcome news that increases to export certification fees and charges proposed by DAWE have been shelved. Previously the Department had indicated an implementation date of 1 July 2020. These substantial increases were strongly opposed by industry and resulted in a united cross-horticulture submission by key industry representative bodies and members of the Department’s Horticulture Export Industry Consultative Committee. AHEIA will continue to work with peak industry bodies to oppose any future fee increases and advocate for the adoption of recommendations outlined in the cross-horticulture industry submission.

ISSUE 54 — SEP 2020

Further on export processes, the Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment (DAWE) is in the process of updating and modernising the legislative framework to consolidate and streamline existing export legislation. The Draft Plant and Plant Product Rules, which will support the Export Control Act 2020, is currently open for public consultation until mid-June 2020, followed by a second round of consultation towards the end of 2020. Several changes have been proposed, including extra functions associated with Export Permits to cover activities between export and acceptance of a consignment by the importing country. This new legislation is expected to commence on 28 March 2021.

The AHEIA is a non-governmental and notfor-profit organisation, with a primary focus on advocacy to enhance the trade of horticultural produce in and out of Australia. For any membership queries, contact AHEIA staff at admin@horticulturetrade.com.au.

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COVID-19 drives demand for veggies Consumer vegetable intake has risen as a result of COVID-19, while fresh fruit and the food service industry has taken a hit according to a new report from Nielson. Composed for the Hort Innovation funded Harvest to Home project, the report showed that in the four weeks to 22 March 2020 there were unprecedented grocery sales in the wake of COVID-19. In the reporting period, total grocery sales were 18% higher than December 2019, driven by increases in frequency and spend per trip. The monthly volume growth of fresh produce was up 5.1%, reaching a two-year high.

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“Shoppers rushed to stockpile on packaged groceries to prepare for lockdown at home and in response to fear of scarcity on supermarket shelves, though bulk purchasing of fresh produce was not quite as pronounced,” Nielsen Associate Director – Fresh Industry Lead and the report’s author, Melanie Norris, said.

According to the report, vegetables were the key driver of strong fresh produce performance, increasing by 15% in the reporting period. Potatoes, carrots and onions – vegetables that store well – contributed most to the growth. “Households purchased vegetables more frequently, on average, and increased their volume per shopping trip. In other parts of the store vegetables were also in high demand, with frozen sales up by 59.8%, while sales of canned vegetables increased by 118.5%,” Ms Norris said.

Conversely, fruit volume sales declined in the same period. Bananas, apples and stonefruit were the highest contributors to volume growth; however, berries, avocados and citrus did not perform as expected, perhaps due to the shorter shelf life and more discretionary nature of berries and avocados in particular.

For fruit in other parts of the store, frozen fruit recorded an all-time high for volume growth of 39.3%, while canned fruit also increased by 73.9%, suggesting that longevity was a key consideration.

Given that the average price of fruit was 7.9% per cent higher than the same time year ago, budgetary constraints may also have been a factor.

Gail Woods, General Manager of Fresh Markets Australia (FMA) said that the sudden change in consumer sentiment at the onset of the pandemic resulted in a much higher-than-normal demand at the retail level, which in turn caused businesses that operated at the central wholesale markets to also experience a high level of demand.

“The Australian consumer’s initial response to the pandemic has been well documented in relation to panic buying. Initially, retailers experienced a very high level of demand across all commodities, but particularly hard produce. The increase in home cooking saw good consumer demand for produce generally on top of seasonal demand,” Mrs Woods said.

Conversely, the abrupt and almost complete closure of the food and beverage sector has had a dramatically negative impact on the demand for sector-specific produce, resulting in an over-supply of those commodities.

“While a number of suppliers to the sector were able to pivot to the consumer market, there was an overall negative impact on these suppliers.

This produce destined for the food and beverage sector increased the supply to other supply chain customers,” Mrs Woods said.

Despite the severe disruption from the pandemic, there have been some positives for the supply chain through this time.

“The good working relationships between wholesalers and growers – some decades long – have continued with the good flow of information in relation to the changing demand and supply. The diversity of central markets supply chain customers means that produce can be marketed widely and not exclusively to one sector,” Mrs Woods said.

“Wholesalers have displayed resilience, knowing how to adapt to environmental and economic challenges as proven over many years, and continue to operate, as fluctuations in supply and demand are commonplace in the supply chain.”

This article is an extract from ‘The times they are a-changing: how Coronavirus has changed the world’, which first appeared in the winter 2020 edition of Vegetables Australia. To read the complete story please visit https://bit.ly/2XMxo2f.

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Imagine a world with no pain We often hear the phrase 'imagine a world with no pain,' wouldn't that be wonderful? But imagination only goes so far. As the global pandemic continues to loom over our country, these uncertain times can be extremely challenging for those in need. Amidst all the uncertainty, it is now more than ever; we need to work together to show our support for those who suffer in everyday life with a horrible illness.

Each year the Melbourne Market Charity Golf Day raises money for DEBRA Australia, which supports those living with a rare disease Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB). As COVID-19 has significantly impacted our daily lives throughout 2020, the Melbourne Market Charity Golf Day committee has decided to cancel next year's event.

The committee is devasted that they cannot show support to such a deserving charity like they usually would; however, these times hold many challenges.

Raising donations for DEBRA Australia is still a significant priority, and the Melbourne

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Market would still like to spread the word about DEBRA and how we can support them. Please go to the DEBRA Australia website to donate and show your support: donate.everydayhero. com/d/7rIBbKhPUsivECMHAqRDBQ/ amount/8ef1186b-f8c4-4c9f-8463-ab13ae29dc83 All proceeds raised will go straight to DEBRA Australia. By donating, you are directly impacting the lives of sick children, and together we are turning ideas into life-changing programs. Your consistent support will ensure that DEBRA can continue to make this impact on EB families across Australia, ensuring that they are receiving the best possible care.

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40 Year Service Awards 40 years in any industry is a significant milestone. It is an achievement that should be greatly recognised by all, acknowledging many years of service to our industry.

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For some, it may seem like a lifetime, and for others, it has gone in a blink of an eye. The fruit and vegetable industry is full of commotion, leaving none with a dull day. It is a generational industry, which sees most working with their families and friends for many years.

Joe and his father worked their way up through the ranks, where Joe ended up buying his own business with the support of his father in the background.

After several years, Joe sold his company, Brescia Wholesalers, to his brother but has continued to work within the market community.

Congratulations to the following for receiving their 40 Year Service Awards this year: Joe Amalfi, Salvatore Pignataro, Kathy Missonilidis, Peter Quirke and Annunziato Muscara.

Joe continued as a fruit specialist, continued in retail and export, and continued being a part of the Fresh State board. He has been extremely active within the Melbourne Market, which is why he believes the time has gone so quickly.

Our very own Board Member, Joe Amalfi, received his award last month and reflected on his time at the Melbourne Market and in the industry.

“The one thing that is strong and prominent in my mind is how quickly time has gone. I’ve still got very good and clear memories of when I started in this industry.”

“The industry itself and the people within the industry, the growers, the wholesalers, make the experience. At the end of the day, you are all helping each other; you are all working together. There can be a lot of wins out of being in an industry for 40 years, and I consider that my time contains a great number of wins,” said Joe.

Congratulations to all who have received a 40 Year Service Award this year.

We thank you for your time and service within our industry.

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Recipe: Lemon Tart Are you a lover of all things lemon? If so, our new Lemon Tart will tick all your boxes!

The filling is tangy and sweet, and the base is a delicious anzac crust. Mmm mmm!

Ingredients

Method

¡ ¾ cup plain flour

1.

Preheat the oven to 180°C. Grease a 20cm pie/tart dish.

¡ 1/3 cup brown sugar

2.

Combine the flour, sugar, coconut, oats, and salt in a medium sized bowl.

3.

In a small saucepan, melt the butter over low-medium heat.

Once the butter has melted, add in the golden syrup and Bi-Carb soda. The mixture will foam slightly due to the soda so be mindful of this.

¡ 100g butter, chopped

4.

Add the wet mixture to the dry ingredients, stirring to combine.

¡ 2 tbs golden syrup

5.

Press the biscuit mixture into the prepared tin, ensuring it covers the base and sides. Use your fingers or the back of a spoon to flatten out the base.

¡ 1 tbs finely grated lemon zest

6.

Place in the oven and bake for 10-15 mins or until golden.

Remove from the oven and allow to cool.

¡ ½ cup lemon juice (freshly

7.

To make the filling, we recommend using an electric mixer.

Using a whisk attachment, whisk together the lemon zest and egg yolks until pale and thickened.

8.

Add in the condensed milk and whisk until well combined and thickened. Lastly whisk in the lemon juice.

9.

Pour the lemon filling into the cooled biscuit base and bake in the oven for another 15 mins or until the filling is set and the edges are just beginning to brown.

¡ 50g shredded coconut ¡ 75g rolled oats ¡ 1 tsp salt

¡ ½ tsp Bi-Carb soda

(from 2-3 lemons) squeezed)

¡ 4 egg yolks ¡ 395g can sweetened

condensed milk

10. Remove from the oven and allow the tart to cool for an hour.

Then place it in the fridge to chill for 2-3 hours.

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Calendar of Events Friday before the AFL Grand Final — PUBLIC HOLIDAY Friday, 23 October 2020

Fresh State AGM — TBC

Daylight Savings Start — Sunday, 4 October 2020

Christmas Day — PUBLIC HOLIDAY Friday, 25 December 2020

Boxing Day — PUBLIC HOLIDAY Monday, 28 December 2020

New event dates and times will be communicated in the near future. Thank you to all who have supported our events over the past years. We hope you are staying healthy and safe, if you have any questions about events, please email dee@freshstate.com.au.

Disclaimer Fresh State Ltd makes this magazine available on the understanding the users exercise their own skill and care with respect to its use.

Before relying on, or altering any business practices, users should carefully evaluate the accuracy, completeness and relevance of the information for their purpose and should obtain appropriate professional advice relevant to their particular circumstances.

This magazine contains views and recommendations that do not necessarily reflect the views of Fresh State Ltd. Fresh State does not in any circumstances accept responsibility for the accuracy or suitability or otherwise of any information published in Fresh State of Affairs. Fresh State Ltd specifically disclaims all and any liability for loss or damage of any nature whatsoever and however arising, whether due to accuracy, error or omission or any other cause.

In addition, by using the information in this magazine, each user waives and releases Fresh State, its staff and agents from any and all claims relating to the use of this document. In no event shall Fresh State Ltd be liable for any consequential damages resulting from using the information in Fresh State of Affairs. © Fresh State Ltd 2019 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior permission from Fresh State Ltd. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to: The Editor Fresh State of Affairs Magazine Store 36, Melbourne Market 35 Produce Drive, Epping, VIC 3076 23