Concrete Contractor January 2015

NEW: Equipment Specification Guide: Grinders, Page 26 January 2015

World of Concrete 2015 Product Preview Page 36

AN EXERCISE IN

EXECUTION

Colored concrete walls, hand-stained theming work and a variety of forming systems helped create a new home for bears and seals.

Page 42

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WHAT’S INSIDE

January | Issue 1, Volume 15

Departments 4 Editor’s Letter 6 Challenging the System 10 Legal Matters 26 Specification Guide: .

Grinders 48 Saw and Blades Product Roundup 57 New Products 62 Foundations Q&A

Cover Story

What’s Online

42 An Exercise in Execution A variety of forming systems and hand-stained theming work helped make the biggest expansion in a zoo’s 103 year history a success.

Features 12 Making Floor Surfaces .

Harder, Denser and Glossier A new product may change the way we finish floors.

50 Using Petrography to Understand and Resolve Scaling Issues It is essential that stakeholders in a project affected by scaling determine the mechanisms and severity of its distress in order to formulate sensible and effective strategies to remediate it.

20 Build Better Buildings, .

Faster 58 SASE Signature Floor .

The ICF industry has undergone a System Created for renaissance and is emerging as a the Polished Concrete building material that could help Industry concrete contractors add profit to their bottom line.

36 World of Concrete 2015 Product Preview

One manufacturer has taken customer feedback and created a unique approach to polished concrete floors.

This special section features a compilation of products from scheduled exhibiting companies at the World of Concrete 2015.

20

50

Read these online exclusive articles at www.forconstructionpros. com/concrete

Business 101: Critical Financial Documents You Need to Know Six financial reports that help you keep your business on sound financial ground.

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Sustainability: PLC and Extended SCM Use Adds Benefits Concrete contractors are working on more projects calling for concrete mixtures using higher replacement of cement with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs).

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Reversible Steel Paving Forms Speed Concrete Replacement Reversible metal paving forms usable for different concrete depths helped contractor complete removal and replacement of 51,500 cu. yds. of concrete four months ahead of schedule.

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www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete | January 2015 | Concrete Contractor 3

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EDITOR’S LETTER Published by AC Business Media Inc.

How’s the Battle?

2015 is shaping up to be a prosperous year for contractors. Are you ready to fill the labor gap to remain competitive and successful?

I

’ve had several conversations over the last few weeks with concrete contractors. And when I ask the age-old question – “How’s the battle?”

The responses are genuinely enthusiastic and positive. Some contractors are reporting turning down work because they have too much of it. While others are reporting to have scheduled jobs deep into the new year.

It appears to me that 2015 is the year contractors are poised to return to work levels not seen in six or seven years. Public and private construction is on the upswing, and you have an opportunity to start pricing your jobs for profit and not pricing to get the job.

There is however, an ominous dark cloud hanging over many concrete contractors. I continue to hear about situations where some contractors are “stealing” qualified workers from their competitors with promises of increased pay and in some cases, better benefits. But does this practice really solve your problem?

May I suggest a possible alternative worth exploring?

Have you visited with a local vocational school or your local community college? Perhaps a faculty member can recommend one or two students Facebook.com/ ConcreteContractor

Advisory Board

Ryan Olson, Editor ROlson@ ACBusinessMedia.com (800) 538-5544

www.ForConstructionPros.com/Concrete PUBLICATION STAFF

Nancy Terrill, (800) 538-5544, ext. 5025 nterrill@ACBusinessMedia.com Ryan Olson, (800) 538-5544, ext. 1009 rolson@ACBusinessMedia.com Kim Basham, Jim Baty, Brad Humphrey, David C. Whitlock, Joe Nasvik Ad Production Manager Cindy Rusch Art Director April Van Etten Sr. Audience Development Manager Wendy Chady Audience Development Manager Tammy Steller Publisher

Editor

Contributing Writers

ADVERTISING SALES (800) 538-5544

who could benefit from a generous opportunity provided by you.

I encourage you to explore the opportunities these institutions may offer such as a “work-study” or apprenticeship program.

Let’s declare 2015 as the year of “The Craftsman.” As a concrete contractor you are a craftsman. You strive to build the best concrete structure, slab, foundation, polished floor or decorative concrete project. Wouldn’t you want to pass your extensive knowledge to the next generation? After all, it’s the future of the industry and having a hand in the development and success of a future contractor is far more redeeming.

Given the shortage of qualified workers, what are you doing to fill the gap? I want to hear from you. Drop me a line at rolson@ ACBusinessMedia.com.

From all of us to all of you, we wish you continued prosperity in 2015.

Follow us @ Concreteinsider

Kim Basham KB Engineering Cheyenne, Wyo.

Jim Cuviello Cuviello Concrete Polished|Stained|Crafted Stevensville, Md.

Jim Baty Concrete Foundations Association Mt. Vernon, Iowa

Chris Klemaske T.B. Penick & Sons, Inc. San Diego, Calif.

Search: Concrete Polishing

Dennis Purinton Purinton Builders, Inc. East Granby, Conn.

Joe Reardon SASE Orlando, Fla.

4 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

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CHALLENGING THE SYSTEM

Ward R. Malisch, PE, PhD, FACI is concrete construction specialist for the American Society of Concrete Contractors. Reach him at wmalisch@ascconline.org.

Bruce A. Suprenant, PE, PhD, FACI, is technical director for the American Society of Concrete Contractors. Reach him at bsuprenant@bsuprenant.com.

Define CONSTRUCTIBILITY! The term “constructibility” is often used when referring to the building process, but what does it mean with specific reference to concrete construction?

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T

he American Concrete Institute’s 2013 edition of Concrete Terminology doesn’t include a definition for the word constructibility. So let’s look first at a broad definition, then consider a definition that will work for concrete construction.

The Construction Industry Institute (CII) defines constructibility as “the optimum use of construction knowledge and experience in planning, design, procurement and field operations to achieve the overall project objectives.” This definition clearly indicates that experienced construction personnel need to be involved with the project from the earliest stages to ensure their construction focus and experience can properly influence the owners, planners, and designer, as well as material suppliers. This differs from value engineering, which focuses primarily on cost. The design or project objectives shouldn’t be compromised simply to reduce cost. When considered during design, the goal is improved constructibility and the resultant lower cost while still meeting overall project objectives.

CII acknowledges that it is common practice in the industrial/ commercial construction industry to develop a project team composed of planners, designers and a variety of construction personnel, whose sole purpose is to review design for constructibility issues. CII also acknowledges what it terms the “review fallacy” that most concrete contractors are familiar with. The “review fallacy” occurs when construction personnel are excluded from the planning

process and are invited only to review completed or partially completed products from the designer. Comments usually have to be limited to minor details. CII points out that scope changes at this point are not feasible for a variety of reasons, including:

• Major changes cause delays and increased expenses after significant design costs have already been incurred.

• Designers may be defensive because they have committed themselves publicly on drawings and perceive that any changes

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Where are the obstruction-free vertical runs of 4 x 6 in. minimum cross section to permit vibrator insertion?

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CHALLENGING THE SYSTEM would affect their credibility.

The benefits of early constructibility efforts result in a significant payback to the project. CII research has cited cost reductions of between six to 23 percent, benefit/cost ratios of up to 10:1, and large schedule reductions.

The intangible benefits are as important as the quantitative benefits and must be recognized accordingly.

These include: • More accurate schedules • Increased productivity • Improved sequence of construction • Enhanced quality • Decreased maintenance • A safer job Concrete contractors don’t often get a chance to participate in early constructibility efforts as these efforts are primarily in the domain of the construction manager. But concrete contractors can assist the construction manager by providing specific recommendations for the constructibility of concrete construction. CII provides some specific recommendations as shown below: • Standardize shapes to maximize form use • Provide vibrator space around reinforcing steel to avoid honeycomb problems • Avoid reinforcing congestion It’s curious to note that two specific recommendations provided by CII relate to reinforcing congestion and the ability to get concrete and a vibrator through the steel to avoid honeycomb problems (See also “Consider Consolidation in Both Design and Detailing,” pg. 14-15, Concrete Contractor, January 2012 or http://bit.ly/1A0cnwd.) Concrete contractors must deal with limited vibrator access on many projects, but are often told that this is their problem and is not related to design decisions.

The Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI) provides many good recommendations for economical constructibility in its engineering technical note (ETN-C-1-10) “Economical Reinforced Concrete Construction.” There is no charge

for downloading this technical note at www.crsi.org. The document provides recommendations in three separate categories: • Formwork • Reinforcement • Concrete One particular recommendation from CRSI that addresses a CII concern is vibrator access:

building Code requirements in Section 25.2.1 of ACI 318-14, which set the minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer at the greatest of one inch, the reinforcing bar diameter, or 4/3 times the maximum aggregate size. The ACI 318 Commentary states that these limits were established to permit concrete to flow readily into spaces

But if we have a constructibility warning from CII, CRSI and ACI, why do we continually have a vibrator access issue?

• On heavily-reinforced beams such as transfer girders, where the spacing between bars is relatively close, provide a gap. Sometimes bars may be bundled to provide this gap.

Experience has shown that fourinch slump concrete with threequarter inch aggregate will not flow easily through a two-inch space between bars. Similarly, vibrator heads are two to three inches in width and sometimes become entangled in the reinforcement.

Section 8.1 of ACI 309R05 “Guide for Consolidation of Concrete” suggests that the method of consolidation should be carefully considered when detailing reinforcement and formwork. For example, the ACI Guide states openings in the reinforcement should be provided to allow insertion of vibrators. Typically, 4” x 6” openings at 24 in. centers are suggested. This helps to minimize honeycombing and other imperfections, both on the surface and within a concrete member. Both the CRSI and ACI vibrator recommendations offer specific responses to the CII constructibility concerns related to consolidation. But if we have a constructibility warning from CII, CRSI and ACI, why do we continually have a vibrator access issue?

The issue is mainly due to

between bars and between bars and forms without honeycomb. For much reinforced concrete construction, bar sizes don’t exceed #8 and the nominal maximum aggregate size is three-quarter inch. Thus, a minimum clear bar spacing of one inch meets ACI 318 requirements. But a oneinch bar spacing doesn’t permit use of the common two- or three-inch diameter vibrator heads needed for adequate consolidation. Thus, recommendations in the CII, CRSI and ACI 309 documents are at odds with the minimum clear rebar spacing permitted by code requirements for the designer in ACI 318-14.

Ultimately, this is not about the needs of the designer or contractor, but those of the owner. The owner does not care about ACI 318, ACI 309, CRSI or CII recommendations.

What the owner does care about is lowering the cost of construction without sacrificing quality. Concrete contractors can help to achieve this goal by providing input regarding constructibility during the early design stages. This is already being done by design-build firms, but there isn’t yet a good mechanism for accomplishing it through the designbid-build process.

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LEGAL MATTERS

By David Whitlock

The Impact of Executive Action on Concrete Contractors

David C. Whitlock has over 25 year’s experience in business immigration, compliance, employment counseling and training. He is the founding attorney of Whitlock Law LLC and can be reached at (404) 626-7011 or at davidcwhitlock@ gmail.com.

On November 20, 2014 the Obama Administration announced a fairly broad executive initiative to repair our immigration system.

T

he topic to repair our immigration system remains a political football with both the Republican and Democrat parties engaged in political gamesmanship.

Since the new Congress will be controlled by the Republicans, there could be an attempt to repeal what the Administration has announced. On the other hand, the Republicans do not appear to have enough power to overturn a Presidential veto.

First, contractors need to better understand what the Administration is proposing. The President is not enacting new laws. Instead, he is allocating resources for enforcement of existing laws.

EXPANSION OF DACA TERMS DACA, or the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, is an exercise of prosecutorial discretion by which the Administration has chosen not to deport persons who arrived in the U.S. as children of illegal alien parents. DACA relief will be expanded to three year increments instead of two year increments. In addition, the age limit for this relief will be removed. This will take about three months to implement, but should not dramatically affect the labor market since most of these people were already eligible for work permits.

DAPA RELIEF FOR PARENTS DAPA, or Deferred Action for Parents of Americans (and lawful permanent residents), may protect over five million people from deportation. This is perhaps the most sweeping change the Executive Action hopes to accomplish.

Deferred deportation will protect illegal aliens if they have resided in the U.S. continuously since January 1, 2010, are parents of U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents born before November 20, 2014, and are not an enforcement priority (a threat to national security or public safety.)

DAPA beneficiaries must register, pass a criminal background check, and pay taxes, but will be eligible for work permits that will presumably also be good for three years.

Expect this provision to take about six months for implementation.

MODERNIZE PROGRAMS This is a catch-all provision that seeks to tweak the existing immigration system to promote economic expansion. By means of rules and interpretations yet to be issued, the Administration hopes to provide clarity on adjustment of status portability; clarify the standards for a national interest waiver of the labor certification requirement; grant a form of parole to foreign inventors, researchers, and entrepreneurs; finalize a rule to authorize work permits for spouses of H-1B workers; and expand the terms and conditions of the Optional Practical Training program that allows foreign

students to work after completing a degree at a U.S. academic institution.

THE IMPACTS Modernizing the existing system could provide greater access to foreign professionals, e.g., accountants, IT specialists, engineers, etc. Similarly, expansion of the DACA program will allow more foreign students to attend colleges and universities in the U.S., but they will typically be driven to professional occupations. Again, not much help for contractors. The DAPA program, however, could be a welcome boost to the concrete industry if roughly five million adult workers get legal permits to stay and work in the U.S. Many contractors already employ DAPA eligible workers who have used false or misleading documents to pass I-9 or E-Verify scrutiny. Once they register for DAPA, you can expect some of them to come forward and confess that they were using false documents.

The best advice in that situation is to examine their new document(s), make certain it is on the I-9 list, and complete a new I-9 form, writing across the top of it: “Employee produced new documents voluntarily.” Staple the new form to the old one and file it under the new name. You can also correct the Social Security records relating to this person by noting the new name and number (if any) on your next quarterly withholding report. If you are enrolled in E-Verify, run the new name and document(s) through that system and treat this person as a new hire.

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FLATWORK/SLABS

By Joe Nasvik

Floors that are constructed with Multiquip’s new SlabArmor product can achieve very high gloss readings when they are diamond polished.

Photo Credit: Multiquip

Making Floor Surfaces,

HARDER, DENSER, and GLOSSIER A new product may change the way we finish floors.

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FLATWORK SLAB

A

s portland cement hydrates or hardens it produces calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), as a by-product — becoming 15- to 25 percent of the mass of cement paste. This means an average mix design develops quite a lot of calcium hydroxide, as much as 100 to 140 pounds per cubic yard for an average mix of concrete. It readily dissolves in water and can move in solution through the capillary pore structure to the surface of a slab. It is alkaline and combines with carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make calcium carbonate, that white cloudy stuff that makes plain concrete have a whitish cast and colored concrete to have a lighter shade — often referred to as efflorescence.

But calcium hydroxide also reacts with silicate compounds to produce calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H),

the primary chemistry that gives concrete its strength and hardness.

These compounds are typically applied on the surface of hardened slabs where they partially fill pores; increasing the wear-ability, gloss, and interesting colorations in the case of acid etch stains. But what happens if a floor is hard-troweled, producing a very dense surface layer that liquid can’t penetrate? Would there be any significant result? What would happen if a unique silica solution was mixed into the surface of fresh concrete when finishing procedures are initiated? That’s what Multiquip Inc., Carson, Calif. had in mind when they developed the SlabArmor, solution for floors.

HARNESSING THE POWER OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE Ben Wiese, Product Manager/ Application Specialist for Multiquip Inc., says their goal is to use available

Three applications of SlabArmor at the rate of 1,200 sq. ft. per gal. are sprayed on the surface of the concrete starting just before the first pan floating process. It combines with calcium hydroxide in the surface region to produce more calcium silica hydrate (C-S-H), adding to the hardness of the surface.

Photo Credit: Joe Nasvik calcium hydroxide in the surface region of fresh concrete to chemically react with their product to create additional C-S-H. This creates high performance floors by creating more cementitious material throughout the densified, finished surface. By reducing the calcium hydroxide in the surface region of a floor the pH also goes down.

STEPS FOR CONSTRUCTING DENSE FINISHES Wiese stresses their patented and proprietary process is both

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FLATWORK SLAB Getting the best results from SlabArmor finishes greatly depends on using good mix designs as well as placing/finishing techniques. This electron microscope image shows the cross section of a well finished floor.

The densified top 1/8 in. thick layer was finished with 2,000 lbs. ride-on trowels, pressing out water and air voids, creating a water/vapor barrier.

Fine aggregate is located near the top with large aggregate towards the bottom of the photo. The black specks are air voids, not present in the surface region.

Photo Credit: CTL mechanical and chemical. Good finishing processes must be observed to achieve the desired results.

After fresh concrete is struck off workers spray an application of SlabArmor on the freshly struck concrete. This can be achieved by using hand held sprayers right behind the strike-off board or if an area is too large to reach with a sprayer, the

first application can also be sprayed immediately in front of the first pass with pan floats on troweling machines. Some contractors doing this work also attach spray nozzles to their laser screeds, applying the material as the concrete is screeded.

So the surface layer of bull-floated and pan-floated concrete is thoroughly mixed with SlabArmor.

Anthony DeCarlo Jr, Vice President of TWC Concrete Services, Cincinnati, Ohio, states that his company has used SlabArmor on several projects and says the Step 1 of this two part product prevents moisture loss, leading to a more consistent setting of the concrete. It also retards initial set slightly, depending on temperature, so finishers must wait a little longer before they continue finishing operations. This moisture retention quality is extremely beneficial in warmer temperatures when concrete set time is accelerating and when

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surface moisture loss occurs rapidly.

Wiese says they require three applications (1,200 sq. ft. per gal. application) of their product during the panning process, easily achieved by placing it in the spray tanks of a finishing machine and spraying the slab on each pass.

Aside from the application of SlabArmor and a small time extension in the finishing process there are no differences in finishing procedures. During the hardtroweling process DeCarlo says the product can help finishers close the surface and combat typical surface finishing problems like trowel marks and surface tearing from the trowel machines due to high surface moisture loss.

BENEFITS Though the product has been available since 2009, SlabArmor continues to be tested to verify what

“The product can help finishers close the surface and combat typical surface finishing problems like trowel marks and surface tearing from the trowel machines due to high surface moisture loss.”

– Anthony DeCarlo, TWC Concrete Services, Cincinnati, Ohio Multiquip Inc. thinks the benefits are.

Tests include surface wear-ability and abrasion resistance, strength, stain resistance and possible use as a curing material. Here’s a list of benefits: • When slabs are finished to provide dense surfaces, water (water of convenience) is trapped in the thickness of the concrete providing there is a good vapor barrier under the slab. The result

is better cement hydration and reduced curling.

• Though the densified layer of finish on floors is largely a matter of the mechanical finishing process, the formation of more C-S-H from the SlabArmor and calcium hydroxide reaction increases the density and the wear-ability of the finish.

• The finishing process tends to go more smoothly despite

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FLATWORK SLAB irregularities between concrete loads and more extreme ambient conditions.

• The shine on the floor after final troweling is greater because surfaces are harder and denser.

Floors can approach the look of a diamond polished appearance.

• There’s a cost benefit if a floor is going to be densified anyway — i.e. No need to mobilize

and pay a crew to come in and clean and densify a slab if you treat it while finishing. Also there are construction schedule savings of a few days that would otherwise be spent cleaning and densifying.

• When floors are diamond polished, the resulting finish is noticeably more shiny and reflective.

COST DeCarlo states the cost of using Step 1 of this product can be mitigated by using it to replace standard evaporation retardant and curing compounds. The SlabArmor Step 2 “Closer” application improves gloss and further densifies the surface, adding to owner satisfaction.

Though it doesn’t represent a direct cost saving, colored floors can become very expensive after construction is complete if efflorescence covers the colored concrete with a whitish layer that changes the color that people see.

SlabArmor interacts with nearly all the calcium hydroxide near the surface, virtually eliminating the possibility for efflorescence.

POLISHING As part of the diamond polishing process today installers typically apply lithium silicate hardeners when the metal-bond diamond polishing sequence is complete, just before resinbond final polishing is started.

SlabArmor floors do not require this step and can produce denser surfaces resulting in much higher gloss readings.

The introduction of SlabArmor represents new technology. To date there is significant experience to suggest the value of using the product. As time passes the testing currently under way should provide the hard evidence needed. In the meantime contractors see the value of using it to get the results they want.

Joe Nasvik is a writer and editor serving the concrete industry. He has 18 years experience as a concrete contractor. Contact him at jnasvik@sbcglobal. net.

18 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

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FOUNDATION WALLS

By Ryan Olson

Contractors who utilize ICF products have an opportunity to earn increased profitability on a given project. It’s not uncommon to see a crew of eight to 10 people using ICF’s and constructing the entire superstructure.

Photo Credit: Andy Lennox

Build BETTER Buildings, FASTER

The ICF industry has undergone a renaissance and is emerging as a building material that could help concrete contractors add profit to their bottom line and contribute to the Green movement.

T

he insulated concrete form (ICF) industry has undergone a series of change over the last 20 years. Driven by the entrepreneurial spirit, a robust housing market and good economic times, ICF products became a part of the conversation as it relates to building construction. From 1992-2008, the ICF market experienced a period of rapid growth as greater acceptance in the market grew. Then something much more powerful occurred.

20 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

CONC0115_20-25_Foundation.indd 20

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Uses 21 ga. wire ties up to #7 x #8

Uses 21 ga. wire ties up to #3 x #3 Uses 21 ga. wire ties up to #5 x #6

New 21ga.wire TW898 series

NEW

Use Your Smart Phone for detail

TW898 replaces TW897A and works with RB397, RB517, RB217 and older models

CONC0115_20-25_Foundation.indd 21

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FOUNDATION WALLS

ICF’s aren’t just for single or multifamily dwellings. Students at schools built using ICF’s are becoming more involved in giving tours to visitors and its helping to develop sensitivity in young people to the Green construction movement.

Photo Credit: Andy Lennox

The housing crisis struck in 2008, plummeting housing starts and causing a retraction of demand for ICF’s (and other construction materials.)

Those manufacturers owned by an expanded polystyrene (EPS) plant survived. The vertically integrated companies supported by a brick and mortar factory typically had the staying power. Those that didn’t are a distant memory. Today, what remains are a smaller number of ICF brands, fully integrated and most backed by a manufacturing company.

Now that the dust has settled, and economic recovery is slowly occurring, manufacturers of ICF products are experiencing real pockets of success.

“I see a battle ground over midrise construction for which concrete contractors can benefit,” says Andy Lennox, Vice President of Marketing at Logix ICF and current Chair of the Council of ICF Industries. “For instance, in the city of Waterloo, Ontario (Canada), 100 ICF built midrise multi-family buildings have been built, half of which are located within one square mile of each other. That happened for a real reason. If the financial numbers weren’t good and contractors and building owners weren’t making money, they would have stopped building.”

In the case of Waterloo, Ontario, the construction started out as student residences for students of the

THE COUNCIL OF ICF INDUSTRIES Last summer, four ICF manufacturers came together to form a new industry association called the Council of ICF Industries (CICFI).

Those founding members include Logix Insulated Concrete Forms Ltd., Nudura Corporation, Quad-Lock Building Systems Ltd. and Superform Products Ltd. The mission of the CICFI is to promote and enhance the social, environmental and economic value of insulating concrete forms in the North American marketplace.

“The Council for ICF Industries came together because we (the manufacturers) see value in working together,” notes Andy Lennox, Chair of the CICFI. “We decided to work together to make this a viable and valuable product to the industry.” As an association, Lennox says the role of the organization is to: • Protect: The CICFI is in place to give this product sector a voice in the industry. A voice to make rebuttals to claims made by competing technologies.

• Promote: Working with other trade organziations such as the National Ready-Mix Association (NRMA) and the Portland Cement Association (PCA) toward common goals. “We all have slightly different interests, but we also University of Waterloo and eventually branched out to condominium and other rental projects in the area.

Lennox says in addition to a sound and profitable opportunity, contractors and building owners discovered the cost to build with ICF’s was equal to or less than, when compared to other methods of building — at

have areas of interest that converge as well,” explains Lennox.

• Policing: The ability to set standards, behavior and protocol allowed by anti-trust laws as well as raising the bar for the industry and how members should conduct themselves.

At the upcoming World of Concrete 2015, there will be two opportunities for attendees to learn more about ICF’s. From Tuesday, February 3 – Thursday, February 5, there will be a Safe Room Showcase held in the Gold Lot, in front of the North Hall.

Here attendees will learn about five examples of safe room construction including ICF’s, concrete masonry units, cast-in-place concrete, pre-cast concrete and prefab steel on poured concrete footings. On Wednesday, February 4, a forum will be held for contractors to learn more about the updated Federal Emergency Management Agency guidelines on how contractors can build these units. The new Fourth edition of the FEMA P-320, “Taking Shelter from the Storm: Building a Safe Room for Your Home or Small Business” will be discussed. For more information on the CICFI organization, contact Andy Lennox at (705) 928-3779 or via e-mail at andy@logixicf.com. approximately $100 per square foot.

“Contractors could build during the winter months and all year round.

The forms are insulated and relatively unimpeded by winter. The typical costs associated with heating and hoarding concrete during a winter project all but disappeared,” he explains. “And once the building was built the utility

22 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

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STRENGTH

IN NUMBERS If your project requires wood forms—massive or small, complex or simple—you won’t find a better company to take it on than UFP Concrete Forming Systems.

Our strength is in our numbers: the number and variety of projects managed by our team, the many dedicated account managers and service capabilities we offer from coast to coast, our unlimited access to lumber at the most competitive prices, and the products we develop that keep us on the cutting edge.

When you add it all up, you have a reliable partner you can count on for the success of your project.

That’s Value by Design.

Any way, shape or form.

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FOUNDATION WALLS Contractors and building owners discovered the cost to build with ICF’s was equal to or less than, when compared to other methods of building.

Photo Credit: Andy Lennox

Because the pre-cast floors require less shoring, the fit and finish crews can start working on finishing the inside of the building while the upper floors are still being built. These subtle advantages are key points for a concrete contractor to experience success when building with ICF’s. costs to the building owner decreased because it’s an airtight building. In turn, the building owners could pocket the savings in utility bills.”

BUILD AN ENTIRE BUILDING FROM GROUND TO ROOF Contractors who utilize ICF products have an opportunity to earn increased profitability on a given project. And Lennox says it’s not uncommon to see a crew of eight

to 10 people using ICF’s and constructing the entire superstructure.

Take for example, that same crew (of eight to 10) who are responsible for setting the ICF blocks, pouring the concrete and setting rebar are also installing the pre-cast floor system, constructing the demising walls, and even installing the windows. “The same relatively small crew is building the entire infrastructure of a 20 story building, think about that.”

SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION ICF’s aren’t just for single or multi-family dwellings. “The most energy efficient schools in the U.S. are being built with ICF,” Lennox says. “Those schools are net zero ready and coming in at the expected cost. They are highly energy efficient and they are Green.”

There is also an inherent education and awareness factor which comes

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24 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

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into play as well. He says students at schools built using ICF’s are becoming more involved in giving tours to visitors and it’s helping to develop sensitivity in young people to the Green construction movement.

HOW DO ICF’S FIT INTO GREEN? If your project is calling for the use of environmentally friendly, Green products, ICF could be the answer. “The 50 percent energy savings generally associated with ICF buildings for the service life of over 100 years speaks volumes for the Green construction movement,” he says.

Lennox cites additional contributions with half of the product in ICF’s by weight are typically comprised of recycled product. When looking at an ICF block, the two foam panels are held together by “plastic webs” which are typically made from recycled polypropylene. The foam from

the EPS plant is also manufactured with up to 10 percent recycled foam material. Any waste generated during construction can also be recycled locally. “ICF’s are made with recycled materials and they are also recyclable. That’s a win.”

Finally, because concrete has a limited shelf life — from concrete plant to construction site, generally speaking, concrete is sourced locally near the site. “Concrete contractors will discover that often with these Green LEED projects, there are points for not having excessive travel distances.”

LOOKING TO THE FUTURE The last 20 years has been a wild ride for ICF manufacturers. But in the next five to ten years, Lennox hopes to see ICF’s gain further recognition. “I see the future reflecting tremendous growth areas in the commercial arena, particularly in tall wall applications and schools,” Lennox predicts. “The cost of building with ICF’s is the same or less

Stick with

as other forming technologies and the building is better. Your final product is a better building for the dollar.”

On the residential front, Lennox foresees, “ICF basements in five years as being more of a standard offering than it is now. As we become more sensitive to resilient construction and the importance of it, I think there is room for ICF in those regions which experience high winds, tornadoes and hurricanes.”

The benefits for using ICF in northern climates are the savings on heating and hoarding costs. In southern markets where humidity control and comfort are issues, ICF’s can deter and deflect issues related to moisture. For areas where termites are a problem, termite resistant blocks are treated with a compound to provide a line of defense.

“ICF’s are going to have their place in the industry and they do so right now,” Lennox concludes.

Weld-Crete®—The pale blue bonding agent with 60 years of superior performance in the field.

Simply brush, roll or spray Weld-Crete® on to concrete or any structurally sound surface. Then come back hours, days or a week later and finish with new concrete, stucco, tile, terrazzo, other cement mixes or portland cement plaster. Plus Weld-Crete’s® low VOC content significantly reduces airborne pollutants that affect health and the environment.

800.633.6668 www.larsenproducts.com

www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete | January 2015 | Concrete Contractor 25

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SPECIFICATION GUIDE: GRINDERS

1 Aztec UltraEdge

The Aztec UltraEdge professional concrete grinder and polisher’s aggressive planetary action is ultra high speed and gear driven, and it eliminates cords and generators. Ideal for reaching 3” under any 5-¼” high shelving and for grinding and polishing within ¼” of walls. All of Aztec’s propane machines are powered by the CE, EPA, CARB, LEED and GS-42 certified Kawasaki 603cc engine, as part of the WorkSmart UltraGrind 3-Piece Cordless Grinding, Polishing, and Edging System.

ForConstructionPros.com/10415832 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #O31740 Model

Dimensions

Weight

Aztec UltraEdge

50” x 30” x 42”

(shipping weight)

Model

Dimensions

Weight

Aztec LowRider 27”

50” x 29” x 36”

(shipping weight)

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

18 hp

N/A

10”

75-175 lbs.

NonPlanetary

No

525 lbs.

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

18 hp

N/A

N/A

N/A

No

No

325 lbs.

Model

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

Aztec GrandFinale

22” x 18” x 40”

50 lbs.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

No

No

2 MK Diamond MK-SDG and MK-DDG Double Disc Grinder

The MK-SDG has a fully encapsulated grinding shroud with vacuum pick up. It features a tapered front nose that provides enhanced visibility. The removable handles and nose weight provide for easy transportation and storage. An easy to operate foot pedal raises grinding discs off the ground for engine starting and idling. The SDG-11 is powered by a gas Honda GXV340 engine. The MK-DDG (pictured) uses a 10 or 20 segment, 10” diameter diamond grinding head. ForConstructionPros.com/10082101

Model

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

MK-DDG Double Disc Grinder

50” x 25” x 40”

234 lbs.

8.9 hp

N/A

20”

160 lbs.

Non-Planetary

No

3 Concrete Polishing Solutions G-320D Planetary Grinder

The G-320 has received a complete overhaul, and a shot of adrenaline! With a souped up 20 hp motor, easier break-down, upgraded slip-clutch, and new flex head technology, this machine has massive torque and will chew through mastics and coatings for easy surface prep. The G-320 models utilize a unique three-head design to contour to the surface of the floor and are tailored to provide maximum production.

ForConstructionPros.com/12023373 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #O40749

Model

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path25

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

G-320D

49” x 33” x 43”

961 lbs.

20 hp

30 amps

32”

760 lbs.

Planetary

Yes

Model

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

G-320D Pro

53” x 33” x 61”

890 lbs.

31 hp

N/A Propane

32”

628 lbs.

Planetary

Yes

Model

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

CPS G-250XTP

53” x 25-1/2” x 48”

700 lbs.

18 hp

N/A Propane

25”

395 lbs.

Planetary

Yes

26 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

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4 EDCO Wedge-Less Floor Grinders

The EDCO Wedge-Less Floor Grinders feature a unique leveling system, dust shroud, new handlebars and new accessories. The grinder can be leveled to the height of many accessories for different purposes.

• Grind at least 500 sq. ft. per hour • No accessory holding wedge needed • All accessories slide on ForConstructionPros.com/11267375 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #O30648 Model

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

EDCO WedgeLess Grinder, 2 Disc

46” x 27” x 37”

258 lbs. (elec.)

280 lbs. (gas)

1.5 hp (elec.) / 11 hp (gas)

16/8 (elec.)

N/A (gas)

22”

N/A

Non-Planetary

Np

5 SASE PDG 8000P

The SASE PDG 8000P features a 31 hp Kawasaki motor. Built for low maintenance, the PDG 8000P is sleek with an ergonomic design. An operator friendly control panel makes controlling the grinder easy. The grinder includes both metal bond QCS and resin bond flex plates. For a dust-free operation, connect the grinder to the SASE BULL 1250 dust extractor. ForConstructionPros.com/10226372 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #O40622

Model

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

PDG 8000P (Propane)

---

1,230 lbs.

31 hp

---

30”

660-760 lbs.

Planetary

No

Model

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

PDG 8000

---

1,189 lbs.

20 hp

---

30”

660-760 lbs.

Planetary

No

Model

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

PDG 5000

---

368 lbs. with weights

5 hp

---

20”

369 lbs.

Planetary

No

6 Substrate Technology Inc. 3030 Prep/Master

STI’s 3030 Prep/Master is a versatile grinding and polishing machine. A standard variable speed drive allows for performance in the most demanding, high-torque grinding applications and also the finest polishing applications of concrete, marble and terrazzo. The standard moveable weight system adjusts head pressure depending upon application and the standard water tank makes it easy to switch from dry to wet work. ForConstructionPros.com/10739977

Model

3030 Prep/ Master

Model

Dimensions

Weight

86” x 30” x 52” 1,320 lbs.

Dimensions

Weight

PM-200 Prep/ 36”-37” x 20.5” 120 lbs.

Master Edger x 36”- 40”

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

30 hp (3 phase motor)

220/230 VAC 1 or 3 phase 60 Hz./ 380/480 VAC 3 phase 50-60 HZ

Project sizes over 10,000 sq. ft.

Variable

Planetary

Yes

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

---

220/230 VAC 1 or 3 phase - 50/60 HZ 380/480 VAC 3 phase - 50/60 HZ

---

---

---

No

www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete | January 2015 | Concrete Contractor

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SPECIFICATION GUIDE: GRINDERS

7 LAVINA X Series

At WOC 2015 Superabrasive Inc. will unveil LAVINA X floor grinding and polishing machines. The X Series include a full range of models, from 7- and 13-inch edgers to a 32-inch self-propelled model and a 38-inch remote-controlled propane model. Lavina machines are powerful, durable, versatile and very easy to use, but with efficiency as the top priority. The most notable feature of the X line is the minimized machine maintenance.

ForConstructionPros.com/12023743 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #S11339 / #O31418

bsModel

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

LAVINA 25L-X

76” x 27” x 46”

644 lbs. (plus weights)

15 hp

3 phase, 200-240V, max 45 amps OR 3 phase, 380-480V, max. 30 amps

25”

377 lbs.

Forced Belt-Driven Planetary

Yes

bsModel

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/NonPlanetary

Water Tank Yes/No

LAVINA 30G-X

76” x 32” x 47”

610 lbs.

18 hp

N/A (Propane)

30”

375 lbs.

Forced Planetary

Yes

bsModel

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

LAVINA 32M-X

96” x 34” x 51”

1,245 lbs. (plus weights)

25 hp

35 amps, 3 phase, 380-460V, 50/60 Hz

32”

715 lbs.

Forced Planetary

Yes

8 HTC 270 EG - Stand Up Edge Grinder

The HTC 270 EG is pioneering a stand-up edge grinding and polishing machine. It has a maximum head height of only 4.5 inches to fit under shelves. The HTC 270 EG comes standard with variable speed for complete control and a rotating, floating shroud with adjustable wheels to grind and polish up to the wall or slightly away.

ForConstructionPros.com/10247544 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #O31034

Model

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

HTC 270 EG

41” x 20” x 33”

90 lbs.

3 hp

30 amps

10.6 in.

90 lbs.

NonPlanetary

No

Model

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

HTC 800 RX

87” x 33” x 48”

1,200 lbs.

20 hp

40 amps

32”

530-726 lbs.

Planetary

Yes

Model

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

HTC 950 RX

53” x 38” x 50”

1,323 lbs.

20 hp

40 amps

36”

617-882 lbs.

Planetary

Yes

28 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

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SPECIFICATION GUIDE: GRINDERS

9 Husqvarna PG 820 RC with Dual Drive Technology

Husqvarna Construction Products releases a new, self-driven remote controlled version of Husqvarna PG 820 with patented Dual Drive Technology. The PG 820 RC enables significantly higher productivity and even better work results together with more ergonomic operation and transport. While running, the operator has time to prepare the next set of tools, adjust hoses, etc., which means better use of labor time.

ForConstructionPros.com/12028632 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #C4303 / #O30272 bsModel

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

Husqvarna PG 820 RC

Not available at press time

Not available at press time

17 hp

32 amps

32”

737 lbs.

Planetary

Not available at press time

10 Kut-Rite Conquer30

For contractors looking at those hard-to-get-to places, Kut-Rite offers the 598-pound Conquer30, a grinding and polishing machine that combines a 10 hp motor with a 30-inch grinding/polishing path – and, most importantly, a low-profile edge. Because the Conquer30 reduces the height of the machine’s bowl more than any other unit in the Conquer series, it is also most adept at closer edging.

ForConstructionPros.com/10705570

World of Concrete 2015 Booth #O40437 / #S10715

Model

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

Kut-Rite Conquer30

70” x 30.75” x 44”

598 lbs.

10 hp

25 amps

30 in.

N/A

Planetary

Yes

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30 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

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11 Terrco Model 3100LP-K

The Terrco Model 3100LP-K features a 40 hp Kubota LP gas four head (12 stones) floor grinder.

ForConstructionPros.com/12028642 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #O30427

Model

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

Terrco Model 3100LP-K

72.25” x 29.5” x 74”

1,590 lbs.

40 hp

N/A

28”

1,220 lbs.

Non-Planetary

Yes

Model

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

Terrco Model 6200

80” x 55” x 54”

2,300 lbs.

40 hp

46 amps / 460 V

53.5 in.

1,885 lbs.

Non-Planetary

Yes

Model

Dimensions

Terrco Model 3100-3P-SPV

Weight

72.25” x 29.5” x 52” 1,425 lbs.

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

25 hp

60 amps/230V or 30 amps @ 460V

28”

1,090 lbs.

Non-Planetary

Yes

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with Reverse Flow Technology

www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete | January 2015 | Concrete Contractor

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SPECIFICATION GUIDE: GRINDERS

12 Rotator Solutions, a div. of Dickson Ind. - DG-10-115 The DG-10-115 concrete grinder/polisher is built for constant commercial and rental markets. Narrow enough to fit through a standard 36” door, the DG-10-115 is ideal for grinding/polishing residential kitchens, bathrooms, and utility rooms. The machine uses115 VAC or 230 VAC single phase and features fully adjustable handle bars which fold down for easy loading in pickups, SUV, and even station wagons.

ForConstructionPros.com/12028649 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #S12807

Model

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

DG-10-115

36” x 24” x 37”

225 lbs.

1-1/2 hp standard; 2 hp optional

15 amps; 20 amps

10 in.

Full weight of machine

Non-Planetary

No

Model

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

DG-10-10-115

36” x 24” x 37”

350 lbs.

Dual 2 hp; 230 volt

15 amps

20 in.

Full weight of machine

Non-Planetary

No

Model

Dimensions

Weight

Horsepower

Amperage

Grinding Path

Grinding Pressure

Planetary/ Non-Planetary

Water Tank Yes/No

Worx

100” x 64” x 76”

3,500 lbs.

40, 60 or 80 hp

N/A

Up to 16 in.

N/A

No

No

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32 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

CONC0115_26-35_Grinder SpecGuides.indd 32

7/9/15 12:00 PM

WOW YOUR CUSTOMER AND SMOKE YOUR COMPETITION IN JUST 5 MINUTES… How long does it take you to create an on-site mock-up or demo area for a potential customer?

And we don’t mean the actual grinding of the floor, here. We’re talking about the whole process you have to go through just to get your equipment running.

If your answer is longer than 5 minutes, you’re doing it WRONG. While your competition is finding out if electricity is available at the potential job site (and then trying to schedule an electrician or rent a generator just for the mock-up), you could be rolling out nearly 1,000 pounds of propane-fueled grinding POWER and start grinding in 5 minutes!

PACKAGE DEAL SCANMASKIN SCAN COMBIFLEX 800 PROPANE [FG-SC800P-EA] « « « « « «

Productivity rates of 750–1,290 feet 2/hour 100% fueled by propane!

Propane tank: 20 pounds 3-head planetary drive system; holds 9–18 tools Low-vibration design Solid steel construction—right down to the dust shroud « Weighs 970 pounds

ERMATOR T8600 PROPANE [OE-T8600P-EA] « « « «

18 HP Kawasaki motor Three tested and certified HEPA filters 410 CFM; 115 inches of water lift Mess-free drop-down dust collection

$927.00*

ERMATOR C5500 PRE-SEPARATOR [OE-C5500-EA] « Captures 90% of dust and debris « Extends life of dust collector filters « Mess-free drop-down dust collection

800.556.6366 www.jondon.com

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Scanmaskin machines are built to WORK, not to be worked on.

Find out what else sets Scanmaskin machines apart at www.jondon.com/scanmaskin. *Based on a 60-month lease.

BOOTHS #O31250 (outside) #S10815 (inside)

CONC0115_26-35_Grinder SpecGuides.indd 33

Stop by our booth at the World of Concrete Trade Show to check out these awesome machines firsthand!

7/9/15 12:00 PM

epoxy | Metallics | Natural stoNe | overlay

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MIRACLE GLAZE H20 is an environmentally friendly, low VOC, water- based urethane. Odor free, high gloss, chemical and abrasion resistant.

Stone Bond

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Your talents and quality workmansh inferior or expensive products. McK get the job done without any worrie on more important matters.

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CONC0115_26-35_Grinder SpecGuides.indd 34

The choice is crystal clear - At $93 for 5 Gallons, Crystal Coat is an inexpensive paver solution!

Substantially decreases cleaning and maintenance costs. Specifically formulated to withstand the harsh forces of Mother Nature.

7/9/15 12:00 PM

overlay | polyaspartic | urethaNes | sealers

s Deprive You of Your Focus Cold Weather Epoxy Cold Weather Epoxy can be installed at 20 ° F. Added bonus — protects from UV rays! Happy customers generate profits year round!

e Bond Epoxy

manship need not be held back by ts. McKinnon Materials’ products y worries, leaving you able to focus

UV Epoxy UV Epoxy reduces ambering and prolongs shine to better withstand the relentless barrage of UV rays.

McKrete™ Our McKrete™ Overlay System works for you. Featuring 3 types tailored to your needs. Select the one that’s right for your temperature, thickness and job time frame.

With a longer pot life than our competitors it provides less risk of material waste.

CONC0115_26-35_Grinder SpecGuides.indd 35

Industrial Epoxy For your convenience, opt for Clear Industrial Epoxy, Custom Tinted, or Rapid Set depending on the application specifications.

7/9/15 12:00 PM

PRODUCTS

World of Concrete

PREVIEW

A compilation of products from scheduled exhibiting companies.

The Guardian Blade

by Diteq

Minnich Concrete Drill Wireless Remote Control CDCLarue Pulse-Bac HEPA Certified Vacuums CDCLarue’s Pulse-Bac HEPA certified vacuums meet and exceed EPA regulations and can be used in the control and removal of silica, lead, asbestos and more.

• Patented Automatic Pulse-Clean Technology • No blowers, shakers, compressors or buttons needed

ForConstructionPros.com/11267405 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #S10901

Minnich offers wireless remote control technology to increase efficiency and safety for concrete dowel-pin drilling applications.

• Provides drill operator with an improved vantage point for more accurate operation and a broader viewpoint for avoiding obstacles, equipment and other workers • Allows workers to avoid harmful dust and debris • Programmed with a unique radio ID and each receiver only responds to a single corresponding radio ID, allowing several remotes to function in close proximity • Cable can be connected to the remote and drill for use in areas sensitive to signal transmission

The Guardian blade by DITEQ features ARIX diamond arrangement technology for faster cutting speed and longer blade life. DITEQ’s super high-quality diamonds provide optimal segment strength in its three segment designs including a wear guard deep segment. The air-cooled structural core prevents overheating.

• Designed for use on high speed, masonry and lower horsepower flat saws cutting cured concrete, green concrete, asphalt brick and block along with a wide variety of stone • Guardian blades are available in sizes ranging from 12 to 20 in. diameters

ForConstructionPros.com/12029281 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #C4641 / #O31864

ForConstructionPros.com/11258752 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #C5285

Sonotube Finish Free Concrete Forms The Sonotube Finish Free column forms: • Produces marblesmooth columns without any polishing or other manual finishing • Patented Duraglas coating on the inside eliminates spiral marks and seams that would otherwise be left on the finished surface of the column • Built-in StripCord filament offers mar-free removal of the form after concrete sets — quicker, easier and safer than using a circular saw • Made with Rainguard technology to stand strong in up to 72 hours of rain • Lengths up to 20 ft.

• Diameters from 12- to 42-in.

ForConstructionPros.com/10090083 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #S11027

Wacker Neuson Wet Screed

The 3,055-lb. HDX 780 all-hydraulic riding trowel features 60-in. six-blade rotors, providing a panning path of 139 in. wide.

• Hydraulic system features a patented loadsensing device designed to improve torque • Independent hydraulic pitch control • 99-hp Kubota turbocharged diesel engine

The wet screed is now available with a line of magnesium boards in 8-, 10- and 12-ft. lengths with additional sizes to follow.

• Available boards range from 4 to 16 ft. in a 4.9-in. width • Fully height and angle adjustable twin handle system with vibration dampening • 35cc Honda engine • Engine support plate supports the drivetrain to increase engine life and aid in reducing vibration • Fully enclosed exciter can be adjusted to seven different positions to match amplitude to the application

ForConstructionPros.com/12000811 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #O31541

ForConstructionPros.com/11297996 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #O31708

Allen HDX 780 Hydraulic Riding Trowel

36 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

CONC0115_36-41_WOCProd.indd 36

12/23/14 2:36 PM

PROBLEM SOLVED

The MAKITA TEAL COLOR is the trade dress of Makita Corporation and is protected under common law and registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. *vs Makita 2-stroke Power Cutter The MAKITA BLACK & WHITE COLOR combination is the trade dress of Makita Corporation and is protected under common law and registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. MA-4281-14

NO MORE OIL MIXING

REDUCED COSTS

No 2-Stroke Oil Longer Piston & Cylinder Life

FAST STARTS*

40% Easier Pulls Pressure Compensated Carburetor up to

SUPERIOR HANDLING Less Vibration & Noise - 93.2dB(A) Retracting Aluminum Wheels

NEW 14” MM4™ 4-Stroke Power Cutter EK7651H

**Shown with optional 14” Ultra-Premium Segmented Diamond Blade T-02537

3D DIAMOND GRID TECHNOLOGY makitatools.com/MM4

2-STROKE vs. 4-STROKE

HOW MUCH COULD YOU $AVE? Use our Fuel Savings Calculator to see how much you could save by switching to 4-Stroke.

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CONC0115_36-41_WOCProd.indd 37

MakitaTools

MakitaPowerTools

MakitaTools

12/23/14 2:36 PM

PRODUCTS

Putzmeister 38Z-Meter Concrete Boom Pump The 38Z-Meter truck-mounted concrete boom pump features a redesigned fivesection boom arm and pedestal for increased maneuverability, a reduced boom unfolding height, reduced overall weight and a more user-friendly design.

• Approximately 108-ft. horizontal and 123-ft. vertical boom arm reach • Unfolding height reduced from 29 to 24 ft.

• 53,000 lbs. gross vehicle weight (25.5 tons) • Features a more robust boom pedestal, improved hydraulic system filtration and improved pipe layout • Ergonomic Graphic Display features wireless computer technology and a high-resolution, color screen • RS 909 hopper features a more robust, lightweight design and an RFID safety switch

ForConstructionPros.com/11364904 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #C5727

MBW Heavy Weight High Speed Power Trowel

Chicago Pneumatic Mechanical Vibrator Line The user-friendly VPM mechanical vibrators are designed for mid-sized applications using medium- to high-slump concrete.

• For jobs of any size with low- to high-slump concrete requiring high-speed vibration • VPP pneumatic vibrator range delivers highperformance centrifugal force • Feature compressed-air cooling and low maintenance

ForConstructionPros.com/11533071 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #O31054

MBW introduces a heavy weight high speed trowel for finishing of concrete under adverse conditions. Model 465199 is a 46” diameter machine powered by a GX390 Honda engine factory set to 3,400 engine RPM. • The machine weighs 275 lbs.

• Offers a rotor speed range of 35 to 180 rpm • Available with either conventional twist adjusting or Constant Force Pitch handles • MBW Walk-Behind Power Trowels feature heavy bearings, output shafts, gears, spiders and blade arms • MBW says, the handles are up to 6” longer than most competitors for greater leverage and are adjustable to fit the operator more comfortably • MBW offers 24”, 36” and 46” trowels.

ForConstructionPros.com/11621327 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #O30953

Max GS732C Cordless Concrete/ Steel Pinner

Makita HR5212C AVT Rotary Hammer

Butterfield Uni-Mix, Uni-Mix Liquid, Select Grade Integral Colors Uni-Mix, Uni-Mix Liquid, Select Grade…these names have become synonymous with quality in integral color.

• All of Butterfield Color’s integral colors are blends of non- fading synthetic iron oxide pigments • Superior quality control during manufacturing and packaging help to ensure your jobs will have uniform color from load to load

ForConstructionPros.com/12026537 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #O40863

The 26.2-lb. HR5212C 2-in. AVT rotary hammer is engineered with enhanced AntiVibration Technology (AVT), a synchronized three-component system that results in a vibration rating of only 9m/s².

• AVT system incorporates an air-actuated counterbalance, vibration-absorbing housing and integrated damper spring • 15-amp motor delivers 14 ft.-lbs. (19 joules) of impact energy at 1,100 to 2,250 bpm (variable speed) • Two-mode operation for “chipping only” or “hammering with rotation” • 24 bit angle settings and one-touch sliding chuck for quick bit changes • Features soft start, a torque-limiting clutch and constant speed control Optional lock-on or trigger-activated in the “chipping only” mode with a push button start/stop control in front of the rear handle

ForConstructionPros.com/12024917 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #O30044

The Max GS732C Cordless Concrete/Steel Pinner drives concrete/ steel pins in lengths of 1/2 to 1-1/4 in. According to Max USA, the GS732 has a pivot swing trigger with 50 to 70% lower pull-load than competitive models.

• Tool magazine accepts both .102- and .145in. shank pins without adjustment; optional pin magazine to drive 1 1/2-in. pins • Powered by liquid-gas fuel cell • Dial adjustable depth control • Removable pin magazine with one click lever • Slim nose with clearance for deep track • Comes with plastic carrying case, JC610M battery charger, one JP606H batter and safety glasses • Power output: 105 Joules • Weight: 7.9 lbs.

ForConstructionPros.com/11172569 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #N2205

SEARCH for more information online using the unique URL under each product.

38 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

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12/23/14 2:36 PM

Husqvarna PRIME Product Range Schwing S 20 Boom Pump Caterpillar E2 Series Mini Hydraulic Excavators The compact radius 303.5E2, 304E2, 305E2, 305.5E2 and 308E2 offer power ratings from 23.5 to 48.5 hp, operating weights from 7,803 to 18,519 lbs., 113- to 185-in. dig depths and 7,419 to 13,534 lbs. of bucket digging force. Their High Definition Hydraulic system provides load-sensing and flow-sharing capability with a simple valve architecture that reduces heat, improving hydraulic stability and efficiency. A redesigned operator station includes an interlocking front window system, updated operator interface controls, 100% pilot-operated controls and the COMPASS digital control panel. Automatic two-speed, blade float and MHE linkage, bucket and cylinders are standard.

ForConstructionPros.com/12005824 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #C6061

The S 20 features a four-section Double Z boom offering a total of 820º of articulation with 270º at both the third and fourth sections, allowing many possible configurations in confined spaces.

• 63-ft. 8-in. vertical boom reach and 51-ft.

10-in. horizontal reach with 370º rotation in either direction • 12-ft. 7-in. unfolding height allows use indoors, under overhead structures and in tunnels • Standard 2023-3 110/75 SC pump kit with 124 cu. yds./hr. output operating through 9-in.-diameter pumping cylinders • Twin-cylinder all-hydraulic unit sequences the pumping cylinders through the M Rock Valve • Standard Kenworth T370 chassis with 330 hp and an automatic transmission

ForConstructionPros.com/12007943 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #C5126/ O31600

Husqvarna presents PRIME, the new generation of high performance technology. PRIME consists of a new product range of light and powerful electric equipment for hand-held cutting, drilling and wall sawing. The PRIME product range of equipment is powered by a unique power supply, either the Husqvarna PP 65 or PP 220 power pack, which converts regular AC power into a high frequency current that drives the cutting equipment. With PRIME, digital electronics replace hydraulics and mechanics in all areas of concrete cutting.

The following products are now available on the market: • Husqvarna DM 650 Drill Motor • K 6500 Power Cutter • K 6500 Ring Saw • WS 220 Wall Saws • See the newest member of the PRIME range, the K 6500 Chain at World of Concrete 2015

ForConstructionPros.com/12023853 World of Concrete 2015 Booth C4303/ O30272

IT’S A FIERCE FORCE OF NATURE WHEN

LIGHTNING STRIKES!!

BUILD GREEN.

IF YOUR SCREED CAN’T DO EVERY TYPE OF POUR OUT THERE... YOU HAVE THE WRONG SCREED!

82’ Circular Pour

CT. Capital Pervious

Wet Screed Shoe

45° Down Hill Strike Off Come visit us at

Silver Lot, Booth #O30512 Gold Lot, Pervious in Paradise Live

The only roller screed in the WORLD that can couple one tube to the next, making it easy to adapt to any pour.

Call your local dealer for a demonstration today!

High FF/FL

LURA Enterprises, Inc. • www.luraconcretescreed.com Phone: 701-281-8989 • Fax: 701-281-8995 www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete | January 2015 | Concrete Contractor

CONC0115_36-41_WOCProd.indd 39

39

12/23/14 2:36 PM

PRODUCTS Bobcat 600 Frame-size Tier 4 Final Loaders Bobcat released its first Tier-4 600 frame-size loaders — the S630 and S650 skid-steer loaders and the T630 and T650 compact track loaders. These 74-hp loaders provide the same performance benefits of the previous Tier 4 Interim models and meet Tier 4 Final standards without a diesel particulate filter (DPF).

• Ultra-low particulate combustion (ULPC) engine significantly reduces particulate matter created in the combustion chamber • ULPC engines generate increased torque over a broader range of engine speeds • Radius- and vertical-lift-path models with rated operating capacities from 2,180 to 2,690 lb.

• Standard machine shutdown protection and cold weather protection • Track loaders feature an all-steel suspension with forged steel rollers suspended by highstrength steel leaf springs • Cab-forward design moves the operator closer to the attachment and provides optimal visibility in all directions

Durafloor TGA Polishable Overlay Resembles Concrete LATICRETE L&M’s Durafloor TGA is a decorative, exposed aggregate polishable overlay wear topping for concrete surfaces. It combines the durability of concrete with color and decorative aggregate to produce a highperformance floor with enduring beauty.

• Durafloor TGA floors are trowel-applied at 3/8” to 1/2” thick, cured, and then polished • Use wherever you want an attractive, highend, exposed aggregate floor appearance • Ideal for commercial lobbies, institutional floors, retail stores, schools, hospitals and more

ForConstructionPros.com/12024778 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #S11427

ForConstructionPros.com/11354855 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #C5479

Now Available!

NEW from Spin Screed, the Screed Support System reduces fill volume by 85% compared to a pipe screed.

Complete

Please visit our website

spinscreed.com

to see videos & our complete product line.

888-329-6039

4932 Lake View Drive • Quincy, IL 62305

Buddy Rhodes Concrete Products, a member of the Delta Performance family of companies, is proud to announce the release of the company’s Catalog of Products and Techniques. This catalog is a compilation of stories, recipes, tips and tricks, and information about their complete product line.

• The publication represents multiple decades of experience with Artisan Concrete from Buddy Rhodes and the staff of experienced concrete artisans • Available for free download at www. buddyrhodes.com • Will be available as a hard copy in early 2015

ForConstructionPros.com/12021348 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #N971

Scofield’s New “Naturescapes” Integral Concrete Colors

Screed Support System

World of Concrete 2015 BOOTH N2548 Feb 3-6

Buddy Rhodes Concrete Products Catalog of Products and Techniques

Rugged 22’ Wide Screed

1,599*

$

+shipping

*prices subject to change

L. M. Scofield Company has released a new set of CHROMIX Admixtures for Color-Conditioned Concrete colors called Naturescapes.

CHROMIX Admixtures Naturescapes features nine integral concrete colors specifically designed to visually recede into the surroundings by reflecting the darker, more recessive color schemes of native soils or vegetation. Developed to complement the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management’s Standard Environmental Colors guide, CHROMIX Admixtures Naturescapes can help to improve coordination of the hardscape and its visual impact when used in a multitude of natural conditions such as grasslands, deciduous or coniferous forests or rocky arid areas — virtually any landscape.

• Deeper shade than most conventional integral concrete colors • Ideal for coloring concrete in theme parks, tourist attractions, restaurants, residential projects or anywhere a deep earth color is desired • Suitable for all types of colored concrete projects from hard landscapes and cast-in-place or precast structures, to interior floors • Available in powder form only

ForConstructionPros.com/12024430 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #S11539

40 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

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12/23/14 2:36 PM

ScreedSaver Models ScreedSaver machines are versatile screeding machines designed to produce flat, slope and dual slope slabs via laser control and contoured slabs via 3D GPS control.

• Screed on poly, heat tubing and styrofoam with ease • Screed on wire mesh and rebar without damage • Superflat screed heads produce FL/FF results • Roller heads for pervious and topping slabs • All-terrain track system

ForConstructionPros.com/12003925 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #O32126

Synpro Pre-Grind Synpro Pre-Grind is the first synthetic acid concentrated Pre-Grind solution for the concrete polishing professional.

Synpro Pre-Grind reduces concrete surface tension and conditions concrete for polishing.

• Clean and etch concrete surfaces • Removes oil, grease, soot and dirt from concrete surface in one application • Requires no neutralizing • Allows the polishing professional to use a higher grit diamond on the first cut, reducing time and labor cost • Biodegradable and contains no VOC’s

50th Anniversary Edition Hand Trowel

ForConstructionPros.com/12028662 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #N1268

Wagman Metal Products Inc. launches the 50th anniversary edition hand trowel. • High strength polished aluminum alloy shanks riveted to trowel steel • Wood grips have a fine furniture finish • Rubber grips are made from a comfortable durable urethane

ForConstructionPros.com/12006425 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #S10548

Bend and Cut Rebar Fast Fascut’s Model FS-600 combination rebar bender and cutter is a portable self-contained hydraulic workhorse that plugs into standard 110-volts or can be run from a generator.

Fabricate stirrups, hooks, 3-D bends and cut bars to length at the shop or job site.

• Bend and cut through #6 (3/4”) rebar • Two people can lift and carry • Made in the USA

ForConstructionPros.com/12002646 World of Concrete 2015 Booth #N2921

We build more than a brand We build quality equipment.

MK Diamond Products has a reputation for quality and manufacturing a vast range of saws to meet your job requirements.

CX-3 14” Walk-Behind Concrete Saw

Phone: 1.800.421.5830

MK-24 Series 24” Self-Propelled Concrete Saw

• www.mkdiamond.com

MK-3000 Pro Self-Propelled Concrete Saws

• An American, family owned company since 1868

www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete | January 2015 | Concrete Contractor

CONC0115_36-41_WOCProd.indd 41

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12/23/14 2:36 PM

DECORATIVE CONCRETE

By Ryan Olson

An Exercise in EXECUTION

A variety of forming systems and hand-stained theming work helped make the biggest expansion in a zoo’s 103 year history a success.

T

here’s something big happening at Henry Vilas Zoo in Madison, Wisconsin. The Arctic Passage, an exhibit featuring polar and grizzly bears, harbor seals and an underwater viewing area will be open for zoo visitors in 2015. Not only will the zoo welcome new animals to the zoo, but concrete plays an important role in the development of realistic habitats.

Construction firm, J.P. Cullen & Sons Inc., Janesville, Wisconsin is leading the construction of the near $10 million project. One of the largest and most noticeable aspects

of the project is the number of walls constructed to create boundaries for the new exhibit.

“Every wall pour was different,” says Matt Iserloth, Project Superintendent with J.P. Cullen. “There was no gang forming on the walls. Every wall has a reveal and in some cases, there were 18-30 different reveals on each wall.”

The key to tackling the walls on this project was to have a vision drawn out on plans and designed by the architect on the job, WDM Architects. The walls were mainly constructed using Logo concrete forms. However, each wall pour required job-built wood forms in order to meet the architects

PROJECT PROFILE • General Contractor: J.P. Cullen & Sons • Theming work: The Nassal Company • Concrete Supplier: Lycon Inc. • Architect: WDM Architects

requirements for the aesthetics of the walls. In other aspects of the project, the contractor used Peri Fun Flex Forms and Symons Logo forming systems.

One of the most difficult aspects of the construction of the walls was

42 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

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KEY KEYPRODUCTS PRODUCTS • Aquafin waterproofing and protective coatings • BASF Mastercolors in the concrete • Davis Color in the mortar • Smith’s Decorative Concrete Products • Morter Technologies - Type S Mortar (a div. of Lycon Inc.) • Revit BIM software • Peri Formwork Systems • Symons Steel-Ply Forms

A 175,000 gallon tank for the seals is part of the new exhibit at the Henry Villas Zoo. Contractors used No. 3 rebar and wire mesh to create the structures. The Nassal Company has been subcontracted to perform the theming work.

Photo Credit: Ryan Olson

lining up all the form lines. A feat that Iserloth says required an extraordinary amount of on site coordination.

POURING THE WALLS According to Iserloth, the remodel project at the Henry Villas Zoo has been in the planning for 10 years and much of what has been torn out was built around 1970. In order to create

the various elevations required in the seal pools and the bear dens, the contractor relied heavily on Revit BIM technology to map out the architect’s vision.

The tallest wall measures 34 feet tall and was monolithically poured and the average wall pour was four to five hours long. In addition to the varying degree of height and length, the typical wall in this pour was 20 to 40 feet long.

“Each wall is a different color,” Iserloth says. “Keeping them clean and crisp to keep them neat was a challenge.”

Contractors used a ¾ in. mix at 4,000 psi for all the exterior footings

and walls. “When we were pouring, a lot of times, we’d pour three to four components a day,” says Iserloth.

“We had to keep track with all the trucks coming in and what we had coming. Since the mix was the same throughout the project, the only difference was which color was coming in a particular truck.”

Iserloth adds the mix included a high range water reducer which helped increase the mix to a 7-in. slump. “We had no issues with the concrete, but as we were pouring and we reached the top of the wall, we had to deal with the pitch on top of the walls. In this case, for example, our first five trucks would have the high range water reducer and

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DECORATIVE CONCRETE Contractors used Type S Mortar with an air-entraining unit from Mortar Technologies to shotcrete the structures for the exhibit.

Photo Credit: Lycon Inc.

the sixth truck would not. We would simply pour from the last truck, groom it and walk away.”

On site, visitors will notice the different colored walls which featured Davis Colors – Mesquite, Silver Smoke and Flagstone Brown.

BUILDING THE SEAL POOL AND BEAR DENS

Contractors used a ¾ in. mix at 4,000 psi for all the exterior footings and walls.

Photo Credit: Ryan Olson

On the day of our visit, subcontractor, J.H. Findorff & Son Construction poured the last remaining sidewalks at the new zoo exhibit. Photo Credit: Ryan Olson

A 175,000 gallon tank for the seals is part of the new exhibit. Contractors used No. 3 rebar and wire mesh to create the structure which will ultimately become the habitat for the seals. The Nassal Company has been subcontracted to perform the theming work. After the creation of the structures, contractors used Type S Mortar with an air-entraining unit from Mortar Technologies to shotcrete the structures. For the finishing touches, a water-based acrylic stain from Smith’s Decorative Concrete Products was used to stain the themed elements by hand.

“We wanted true radius walls to be visible in the seal pool,” Iserloth says. “We used the Peri Run Flex Forms, Symons steel ply forms, Logo forms and wood job built forms to create the various components. At times we had three of these form systems in use in order to achieve the correct pour and the right elevations.

This was the main challenge when we constructed the seal pool.”

The new polar bear exhibit will feature a 225,000 gallon tank plus all new theme work. The area will feature various points of viewing from the concessions as well as an underwater bear viewing area.

As a whole, the “bear building” is composed of exterior pre-cast walls and lid, interior poured concrete walls and retaining walls. The bear pool features a variety of steps and stairs at different elevations. It took coordination between Cullen and Nassal to make this portion of the project work, but perhaps that’s

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DECORATIVE CONCRETE The new polar bear exhibit will feature a 225,000 gallon tank plus all new theme work. The area will feature various points of viewing from the concessions as well as an underwater bear viewing area.

Photo Credit: Ryan Olson

the key take away from this job – execution and coordination.

AN EXERCISE IN EXECUTION As a contractor, the journey from building plan to construction can be a challenging and daunting task.

There are several aspects the concrete contractor is trying to estimate.

The architect is trying to draw the vision. The engineer is trying to make sure it carries the load. Once on site, the contractor needs to create the build out. But for Iserloth, the biggest challenge has been the logistics of bringing the vision to reality.

“Bringing the vision of the project requires manpower,” Iserloth says. “I didn’t have the manpower to do what

I wanted to do, when I wanted to do it. It was difficult.”

Despite having enough crew members to get the job done, Iserloth says it’s one reason he tries to learn every sub-contractors work. “I take the effort to learn my subs work. It helps in pre-planning and when I start to look at the systems, I know more and I can conceive a better plan to the things I need to do before a subcontractor starts their work.”

He notes the key to success on this particular job was communication.

Managing the logistics between subcontractors and the underground utilities required for the operation of the exhibits was a daunting challenge.

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46 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

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“I learned something new every day,” he says. “The coordination for underground utilities was probably one of the biggest aspects of this job. We had a lot to do in terms of coordination, but, I understand the work now, and I would like to learn more.”

“We’re going to finish something that we’ll be able to bring our kids to for years to come. There is a quality in the workmanship in a project of this magnitude and all of the components it takes to get to the finished product.

Top: For the finishing touches, a water-based acrylic stain from Smith’s Decorative Concrete Products was used to stain the themed elements by hand.

Bottom: In order to create the various elevations required, the contractor relied heavily on Revit BIM technology to map out the architect’s vision.

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PRODUCTS SAWS & BLADES

Husqvarna FS 5000 D Flat Saw Bosch V-Groove Diamond Blades Bosch says the optimized diamond formula used on its V-Groove diamond blades is capable of twice the speed of competitors’ blades to cut the deep, clean grooves that result in lasting concrete crack and fissure repair.

• Optimized metal bond allows cutting in hard, soft and normal concrete • Bore hole fits standard angle grinders, large and small • Users include concrete contractors, flooring contractors, masons, tuck pointers, and concrete restoration professionals

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Lackmond STS-6 MultiApplication Diamond Blade Lackmond Products’ newest addition to the STS family is the first true multi-application diamond blade utilizing patterned diamond technology. The third generation patterned diamond technology evenly aligns the diamonds into rows within the blade’s segment. This precise alignment ensures the maximum amount of diamonds contacting the cutting surface at any given moment. The net result is a diamond blade with consistent segment wear rate and approximately 30 percent more footage versus comparable blades.

• Specially designed bond/matrix for effective use across multiple applications and varying aggregate hardness • Exceptional performance in softer base materials • Undercut protection segments • .400” usable diamond depth • Slanted core design for maximum cutting speed • Pre- and posttensioned core to eliminate loss of tension • Available in 14”

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The Tier 4-compliant FS 5000 D Flat Saw is ideal for mid-size jobs, service work, floor sawing and smaller jobs that require high production rates.

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• A patented IntelliSeal bladeshaft system allows for a minimum of 500 maintenancefree hours and eliminates daily greasing of bearings • Available in versions with three-speed or one-speed transmission • Power is provided by a 48-hp Yanmar engine.

• A digital display dashboard features all important functions in an easy-to-read monitor • The E-track system has an integrated reset function on the display, making it easier to produce a straight cut

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Engrave-A-Crete Introduces the Spiider Engrave-A-Crete, Inc. introduces the Spiider, the decorative concrete engraving tool that combines track-free cutting with maneuverability to execute free-form artistic cuts.

• Swivel steering arm gives maximum control during free-form artistic cuts • Dynamic directional wheels for the flexibility to maneuver tight curves • Flip-up front pointer for easy alignment with chalk lines • 10,000 RPM motor specifically tuned to match the 79 mm blade resulting in more torque while cutting and less kerf ramp when ending cuts • Blade is visible but housed within the tool to prevent accidents • Built-in vacuum with an impact shield to slow debris and channel it into the vacuum, protecting the blade, motor and operator • Depth control screw for consistent cutting depth. Easily adjusts to compensate for blade wear • Spring-loaded cutting head. Press down to cut. Release and the blade raises out of the concrete • Premium diamond blade cuts hairpin curves or straight lines without increasing kerf width or raveling the concrete • Made in the USA

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STIHL Introduces TSA 230 The 8.6-lb. TSA 230 STIHL Cutquik cut-off machine incorporates a low-maintenance, brushless, commercial-grade, high-torque electric motor and advanced 36-volt lithium-ion battery system.

• Provides up to 15 minutes of cutting performance with no gradual drop in power • Quick re-charge rate, especially with the optional Rapid Charger • Wet cutting is made easier with on-board water connection and control, which suppresses dust • Dry cutting in dust-sensitive areas is aided by an available depth guide with vacuum adapter

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CS Unitec Hydraulic Chain Saw CS Unitec’s CS 566110-3 hydraulic saw plunge cuts up to 20” deep in one pass and quickly cuts mechanical openings, irregular shapes and square corners up to 19” with no over-cuts.

• 11 hp motor has a no load speed of 5700 RPM • Can be used hand-held or with the optional SpeedHook guide • Saw operates on 2,500 psi / 8 gpm hydraulic oil • Noise level is 88 dB at three feet

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48 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

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U.S. Saws Early Entry Saw U.S. Saws presents the new Early Entry Saw. This saw was designed to be a compact, lightweight, and cost effective way to cut control joints in green concrete.

• Powered by a 15 amp, right angle grinder • Ideal for indoor jobs where exhaust fumes cannot be tolerated • The wide, polyurethane wheels track perfectly straight and allow the saw to make accurate cuts up to 2 in. deep • The saw’s up-cut rotation pulls the saw downward into the cut for consistent depth • A dust collector can be attached to capture the dust while cutting to create a safer, cleaner job site and reduce clean-up time

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The MK-X1318 Concrete Saw offers a 18” blade guard that mounts on both left- or right-hand side of the saw and cuts within 2” of wall or curb.

• The depth of cut is 6-5/8” • The control panel includes a positivelocking depth control mechanism and integrated depth gauge • Hi-Strength Steel Blade Shaft rides in two 30mm heavy duty sidewall mounted selfaligning flange bearings for low friction power transfer and long service life • Two engine options available, the Honda GX-390 engine or the Subaru EX-40 engine • Both engines meet current EPA and CARB emission regulations

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Makita 4-Stroke Power Cutter The 14-in., 76cc MM4 4-stroke Power Cutter (model EK7651H) uses unleaded gasoline and eliminates the need for mixing oil and gasoline on the job site.

• Automatic decompression reduces pullstarting force by 40% • Pressure-compensated carburetor with vented choke plate • Cushioned operator grips with four vibration-absorption rubber buffers • Integrated wheel kit retracts when not in use • Five-stage filtration system • 97.2 dB(A) noise level • 37.2 oz. fuel tank capacity and a .45 gal. per hour usage rate

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SEARCH for more information online using the unique URL under each product.

www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete | January 2015 | Concrete Contractor 49

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CONCRETE SCIENCE

By David Rothstein

Using PETROGRAPHY to Understand and Resolve Scaling Issues It is essential that stakeholders in a project affected by scaling determine the mechanisms and severity of its distress in order to formulate sensible and effective strategies to remediate it.

S

caling is one of the most common causes of disputes between contractors and owners regarding pavements, curbs and gutters, sidewalks, and other concrete construction elements that are exposed to freeze-thaw conditions. In many cases scaling is cosmetic and surficial in nature. In other cases it may be a precursor to significant damage that requires removal and replacement.

SCALING MECHANISMS IN CONCRETE The American Concrete Institute (ACI) defines scaling as “local flaking or peeling away of the near-surface portion of hardened concrete or mortar.”[1] Scaling may occur in desert environments as a consequence of salt weathering, but this discussion focuses on the several different types of scaling mechanisms that occur in freeze-thaw environments.

The typical consequences of scaling associated with frost damage include changes in the appearance and smoothness of the wear surface. In severe cases the loss of cover over reinforcing steel is also an issue.

The ACI Guide to Durable Concrete [2] provides valuable information not only on mechanisms associated with frost damage, but aspects of design and construction practices

Figure 1: Reflected light photomicrograph of the polished surface of a core removed from a scaled sidewalk. The red arrows highlight microcracks subjacent to the scaled surface. This is an example of distress typical of classic freeze-thaw scaling. Photo Credit: David Rothstein

(e.g., transporting, placing, finishing and curing) that can minimize the potential for frost damage in general and scaling in particular.

The most common scaling mechanisms are: • Classic freeze-thaw scaling, where sub-horizontal micro-cracks leads

to loss of material by flaking.

• Micro-delaminations, where very thin layers of mortar detach in coherent sheets from the top surface.

• Mortar flaking, which involves the loss of mortar over coarse aggregate particles.

50 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

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CONCRETE SCIENCE Figure 2: Reflected light photomicrograph of a core with a sound entrained air void system.

Analysis by ASTM C457 indicated an air content of 5.1%, a paste-air ratio of 4.6, a specific surface of 700 in-1 (28 mm-1) and a spacing factor of 0.00006 in (16 mm). These values are well within the ranges recommended by ACI 201.2R for frost durability.

Photo Credit: David Rothstein

These mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and sometimes all of them can occur on a given job.

The following sections describe what petrographers may see when these mechanisms occur.

CLASSIC FREEZE-THAW SCALING Here we define classic freeze-thaw scaling as the loss of material from a surface due to the development of short, discontinuous micro-cracks subjacent to or just below the scaled surface (Figure 1). In most cases these micro-cracks are limited to the top 1 to 3 mm (40-120 mil) of the concrete.

The micro-cracks are sub-parallel to the scaled surface (sub-horizontal in pavements and sidewalks) and tend to wrap around aggregate particles.

The micro-cracks may or may not be free of secondary deposits.

A concrete mixture that is designed properly for scaling resistance has a low amount of freezable water, durable aggregates, and a proper air void system. All of these factors work to diminish internal stresses when freezing occurs. Hard aggregates with low absorption are usually durable in freeze-thaw environments. In general, a low water-cementitious materials ratio (w/cm) that is less than 0.45 is adequate for reducing the freezable water content. A petrographic examination per ASTM C856 [3] allows petrographers to assess whether a mixture satisfies these criteria.

Petrographers use ASTM C457 [4] to determine the properties of the hardened air void system in concrete.

Frost resistance comes not only from having the proper air content

Figure 3: Reflected light photomicrograph of the polished surface of a core affected by the micro-delamination mechanism of scaling.

The red arrows highlight sub-horizontal cracks subjacent to the top surface. The concrete scaled in relatively large sheets.

Photo Credit: David Rothstein

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CONCRETE SCIENCE (generally 6 ± 1.5 percent air), but having the right size (specific surface) and spacing of the voids (spacing factor; Figure 2). In the field, total air content is measured most commonly by the volumetric method [5] or the pressure method.[6] However, these methods don’t measure specific surface or spacing factor, so a load of concrete may pass field standard

measurements for air content in the field but still have inadequate air void systems. We will discuss the details of the air void system and differences in field measurements of fresh concrete compared to laboratory measurements of hardened concrete in a later article. If the concrete is lacking proper proportioning, the scaling observed today may be a

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precursor to more significant freezethaw damage later.

MICRO-DELAMINATIONS This scaling mechanism involves the loss of thin sheets of mortar from the top surface, rather than progressive flaking of material (Figure 3). It occurs most commonly when inappropriate finishing practices such as a steel trowel are used on air-entrained concrete; occasionally poor curing may lead this type of scaling as well. The troweling depletes the air content of the upper-most layer of concrete, resulting in a material that lacks air entrainment in exactly the place where it needs it the most. As a result, sub-horizontal cracks develop subjacent to the finished surface.

These micro-cracks cut around

Figure 4: Photograph of a sidewalk affected by mortar flaking. The red arrows show coarse aggregate particles exposed by scaling. Note the intact broom finish between the exposed aggregate particles.

Photo Credit: David Rothstein

aggregate particles and are often free of secondary deposits. This type of distress is limited to the upper skin of the concrete.

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This scaling mechanism involves the loss of mortar over coarse aggregate particles that are just below the finished surface (Figure 4). In the field, this type of scaling appears as isolated patches of lost mortar that expose the surface of the coarse aggregate

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particles. Mortar flaking occurs as a consequence of poor consolidation techniques and poor curing. When coarse aggregate particles are not sufficiently depressed below the finished surface, they tend to block the rise of bleed water to the mortar above them. Unless very diligent curing practices are followed, this results in poor cement hydration.

Consequently, the mortar above the coarse aggregate particle is weaker and often more porous than the surrounding mortar and the strength of the paste-aggregate bond is diminished. As with microdelaminations, the flaws associated with mortar flaking occur near the top surface of the slab, which is right where the quality of the concrete needs to be highest.

Acid-Soluble Chloride (ppm)

3000

2250

1500

750

0

core 1 (T)

core 1 (M)

core 2 (T)

core 2 (M)

Figure 5: Bar chart summarizing acidsoluble chloride data where heavy deicer use contributed to scaling deterioration.

The abbreviations (T) and (M) indicate slices taken from the top and middle of the cores.

This shows chloride at the top surface increased more than 3,500% due to deicer exposure. Photo Credit: David Rothstein

DEICER SALTS It has long been known that deicers can accelerate scaling distress (see ACI 201.2R).

Petrographers can evaluate if concrete has been exposed to deicers by taking slices from the top and middle of a core and using a laboratory method such as ASTM C1152 [7] to determine their chloride content. Concrete exposed to chloride-based deicers will have much higher chloride contents at the top of the core compared to the background level indicated by the middle slide. In recent years concern has grown regarding the effects of newer products that are used more and more widely for deicing and anti-icing. In general, more severe distress has been observed in new concrete and in many cases older concrete that had performed well for years has scaled significantly with the application of these newer products. We will discuss deicers in more detail in a future article.

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OTHER FACTORS Other aspects of a job, such as drainage, can be critical factors in scaling as well. Inadequate drainage can lead to scaling in concrete that is properly proportioned, placed, finished and

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CONCRETE SCIENCE cured. The timing of a placement can also be crucial. Concrete exposed to freeze-thaw conditions before it is mature and relatively dry can lead to scaling, particularly if deicers are used on those first snow events.

Providing petrographers with as much information as possible about these aspects of the job can be critical in understanding what scaling mechanisms are at play.

CONCLUSIONS Scaling is a common form of freeze-thaw distress that involves the progressive loss of material from an exposed surface. It can occur from a number of different mechanisms that may reflect shortcomings in material properties, finish and/or curing as well as problems in drainage or maintenance practices. Petrographers can often recognize which mechanism(s) may underlie a scaled pavement using a combination of petrographic

examination, air void analysis and chloride testing. By understanding the mechanism(s) that underlie surface scaling, it is often possible to determine sensible solutions to remediate these issues.

3. Standard Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete, ASTM C856-14, Annual Book of Standards, vol. 4.02.

4.Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of Parameters of the Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete, ASTM C457/C457M-12, Annual Book of Standards,

David Rothstein, Ph.D, P.G., FACI is principal of DRP Consulting, Inc. (www.drpcinc. com), a firm located in Boulder, Colo., that specializes in petrographic and materials investigations.

REFERENCES

vol. 4.02.

5.Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method, ASTM C173/ C173M-14, Annual Book of Standards, vol. 4.02.

6. Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method, ASTM C231/C231M-14m, Annual Book of Standards, vol. 4.02.

1. Concrete Terminology, American Concrete

7.Standard Test Method for Acid-Soluble Chloride in Mortar

Institute CT-13, http://www.concrete.org/Tools/

and Concrete, ASTM C1152/C1152M-04(2012)e1, Annual

ConcreteTerminology.aspx

Book of Standards, vol. 4.02.

2. Guide to Durable Concrete, American Concrete Institute 201.2R-08, http://www.concrete. org/Publications/MCPOnline/MCPSearch. aspx?m=abstract&MCP_DocID=916

56 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

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www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete | January 2015 | Concrete Contractor 57

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POLISHING

By Ryan Olson

SASE Signature Floor System Created for the Polished Concrete Industry

One manufacturer has taken customer feedback and created a unique approach to polished concrete floors.

T

ogether, hand in hand we can accomplish great things.”

With that philosophy in mind, SASE Company Inc. introduces the SASE Signature Floor System, a unique approach to the entire polished concrete industry.

THE “SYSTEM” The word “system” as defined

by Merriam-Webster is “a group of related parts that move or work together.”

When SASE discusses a system approach, “We are encompassing all of SASE, the complete package,” explains Greg Ferchaud, Vice President

SASE Signature Floor Systems encompasses a total package and a team approach to the industry; focusing on every component that is needed to ensure a successful project every time.

Photo Credit: SASE Company Inc.

58 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

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POLISHING Using an advanced technology, SASE Signature Floor Systems works by applying densification to protective penetrating products that work better than traditional solvents.

Photo Credit: SASE Company Inc.

of Sales. “We approach the applicator (customer) and the industry with our entire package, focusing on real world solutions and not one particular facet of SASE Company.”

Using a consultative approach, the SASE Signature Floor System was developed with the best people in the industry with the end goal of serving the industry. The system involves starting from the top down and helping educate customers and the industry as a whole. This is accomplished by working with customers to address their concerns and what they see in the field. The core to this system includes the following aspects: • Education • Advancements in diamond technology • Advancements in chemicals • Advancements in machines “You cannot have an industry or a lasting industry without educating the owners and architects on the proper system, based again on their needs,” Ferchaud says. “The

SASE Signature Floor System works with the owners, architects and consultants to provide a solution to the actual needs of these individuals.

Like other companies, we provide the traditional AIA presentations and supply AIA credits where needed.”

With a “ground up” approach, SASE Signature Floor Systems provides for the customer’s needs and enhances the specification by

providing what the owner wants and needs for long term success, not just what is in fashion in today’s industry.

For example, an industrial facility that runs large industrial equipment does not need the specification of a high end retailer. “We’ll work with these owners to develop a specification and an overall acceptance of what this will look like both aesthetically and functioning for the life of the floor,” says Ferchaud.

“Once a specification is released our sales team focuses on working with our customers to ensure that we help provide uniformity from coast to coast,” notes Marcus Turek, National Sales Manager. “Defining expectations and continually working to provide uniformity is number one with SASE Signature Floor Systems.”

As a manufacturer of prep machines, diamond tooling, planetary grinders and chemicals, SASE Signature Floor System can

The core to the SASE Signature Floor System is education. The company offers regular educational sessions including equipment demonstrations to contractors.

Photo Credit: SASE Company Inc.

60 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

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LevMix mobile Mixer

react to any and all situations in terms of machinery and tooling situations that arise. Turek says, unlike other systems that involve multiple manufacturers and or multiple distributors, contractors will often run into road blocks or what he calls, “the blame game.”

SASE Company’s approach is multiplied by the ability to provide professional, knowledgeable on site help at a moment’s notice, allocating 13 field support technicians across the country and Canada.

“We pride ourselves on providing unmatched support to any project and under any circumstances,” explains Joe Reardon, Director of SASE Signature Floor Systems. “Unlike other ‘systems’ where you only have support on one level, SASE can provide the entire package from machines, tooling, vacuums, chemicals — it’s a one stop shop.”

One facet of the Signature Floor System is the chemistry behind the use of densifiers and protective treatments, components that have been in the industry for well over 70 years. SASE Signature Floor Systems developed products that address not only the benefits of these traditional products, but took the extra mile to address customers concerns at the core.

“Products that address the entire concrete surface, porosity

and protecting this from every days spills was core to SASE,” Reardon says. “While this is a small component of the system, we wanted to provide the answers that were needed.”

Using an advanced technology, SASE Signature Floor Systems works by applying densification to protective penetrating products that work better than traditional solvents.

While the industry is still growing and evolving, the future is bright for polished concrete floors.

It takes time and education to ensure what is being produced is not the latest and greatest fad but is concrete in its core philosophy.

“This process, the correct process, has been proven throughout time,” says Ferchaud.

“The few (manufacturer’s) approaching the industry with ‘tricks’ are doing us all harm.”

SASE Signature Floor Systems encompasses a total package and a team approach to the industry; focusing on every component that is needed to ensure a successful project every time. The SASE system is designed to respond to the customer and the industry.

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www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete | January 2015 | Concrete Contractor 61 US Anzeige LevMix 2014.indd 1 CONC0115_58-61_Polishing.indd 61

18.12.2014 12:01:32 7/9/15 12:02 PM

FOUNDATION Q&A

By James R. Baty II

Understanding Concrete Maturity for COLD WEATHER CURING Build a conversation around research to help your client understand the proper methods of cold weather curing.

Q

uestion: The onset of cold weather has complicated our project schedules tremendously. One of the municipalities we work in is requiring us to leave forms on the wall for three days and telling us to rent wood forms instead of using our aluminum forms when the temperature is below 32degrees Fahrenheit. Are these arbitrary conservative precautions or are their concerns valid? Our customer schedules are suffering due to these requirements.

A

NSWER: Cold weather is certainly the time of the year that becomes most concerning to the consumer and the inspector in the construction industry. The simple act of having to add layers to the body translates to an immediate concern for the placement of concrete and what might happen to a process that involves water, which obviously must freeze.

ACI 306 is largely considered to be the most appropriate resource for determining a position for concrete construction and yet, this document that is a guide or a compilation of recommended practices, is perhaps the most misunderstood of technical references. ACI 306 has the challenge of representing an entire industry, all

The forming system has minimal impact on the early-age strength gain of concrete during cold weather.

Photo Credit: CFA

62 Concrete Contractor | January 2015 | www.forconstructionpros.com/concrete

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Daily Newscast

from WORLD OF CONCRETE BOOTH #C4129

Hosted by ROGER MANN, chief correspondent for Construction News Tracker, the broadcasts will feature the editorial teams from Concrete Contractor, Equipment Today and Rental magazines as well as ForConstructionPros.com.

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February 2-5, 2015 World of Concrete – Booth C-4129 Watch the broadcast productions each day from the ForConstructionPros.com booth C-4129 for show news, event coverage and must-see products and exhibitors. Watch ONLINE at ForConstructionPros.com/Concrete for continuous coverage before, during and after the World of Concrete Show.

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FOUNDATION Q&A Timing for the removal of formwork is an important component of early-age strength gain. Forming panels restrict solar gain that can more effectively bolster maturity.

Photo Credit: CFA

variables and conditions and delivering practicable methods for protecting the ultimate goal, concrete maturity. So then, what is the market to do when it does not have the time to investigate the specific conditions realistic to the application? This is where the selection of overly conservative parameters occurs and often from resources that are built upon other conservative decisions and not research or science.

My recommendations are to build a conversation and an approach based on the research completed specifically for residential foundations, research that demonstrates a rational approach to cold weather concrete maturity. CFA’s

Cold Weather Research Report 2004

describes the impact of sub-freezing laboratory and field temperature conditions on concrete maturity. This report is a reference included in both ACI 306 and the residential concrete code document, ACI 332 and provides a much more effective set of guidelines for your market.

The freezing point of concrete is not an air temperature of 32-degrees Fahrenheit. This is supported in part because concrete is a physical composition of more than just water.

However, the primary support for this fact is that once a concrete mix is made, it immediately begins a chemical reaction with a by-product of heat. The generated heat elevates the material temperature of the mix and continues to do so as the chemical process continues. This is a

counter balance to the chilling effects of the ambient air condition and a benefit to the construction process.

A concrete mix can achieve sufficient strength for protection and self-support under cold weather conditions in 24 hours or less. The primary benefit of the CFA’s research is the recognition of mix design performance for delivering varying levels of strength or concrete maturity based on temperature conditions, time durations and mix economies.

ACI 347, “Guide to Formwork for Concrete” states in section 3:

FACT

“Determination of the time of form removal should be based on the resulting effect on the concrete. When forms are stripped there should be no excessive deflection or distortion and no evidence of damage to the concrete due to either removal of support or to the stripping operation (Fig. 3.5).

When forms are removed before the specified curing is completed, measures should be taken to continue

the curing and provide adequate thermal protection for the concrete.

So the contractor has the duty of removing forms when the concrete can be self-supporting. That is a measure of concrete maturity and research can be used to demonstrate or correlate the performance of a selected mix design to the targeted anticipated temperature ranges. Furthermore, research further supports the nature of a concrete mix achieving strength to withstand the impact of freezing without impacting durability and return to strength gain once freezing conditions subside or supplemental curing conditions are established.”

A bigger risk for residential foundations is the open exposure of the excavated grade to freezing conditions than the exposure of the concrete. Soil temperature is critical to the protection from frost and heave. Excavations that remain open for significant time schedules will experience abnormal levels of frost development and heaving or pressure from the expansion of naturally occurring moisture.

Therefore, the concrete contractor must work with the ready mix producer to have a mix capable of reaching self-supporting strength (a strength just beyond final set or 500 psi) so that forms can be removed, the wall braced or floor deck installed and the backfill

FACT

FACT

Research conducted in 2012 by Purinton Builders of East Granby, Conn. demonstrated the minuscule difference in gained strength between wood and aluminum forms.

Photo Credit: CFA

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process initiated. Leaving the excavation open for days with forms still on the walls only increases the true risk to the foundation created by abnormal soil pressures due to freezing.

Short-term protection is beneficial.

CFA’s research shows the contractor can find some great benefits in making practical decisions early in the construction process. These include pouring earlier in the day; using blankets along the top of the wall in the 20s and full blankets in lower ranges; and maintaining a strict adherence to the w/cm. These all impact the behavior of the concrete mix designs toward the goals of developed maturity.

FACT

The forming system will have little impact on the concrete temperature. Although insulated concrete forms will bring a measure of blanketed protection to the

FACT

curing condition of concrete, all other forming systems have little impact on the practical concrete maturity. A concrete mix design targeted to permit forms to be removed in one-day means that concrete temperatures will remain elevated beyond the impact of surface temperature exposure.

Wood, aluminum and steel forming systems are not capable of delivering insulating properties significant enough to perform as insulators for the temperature conditions being considered here. Therefore, basing curing protection on the decision of one of these over another only falsifies the protection condition being assumed.

The best solution for cold weather concrete work is to know your mix design performance, become informed of the research that supports the prediction and monitoring of concrete performance and understanding the options for temperature ranges that ensure the

best balance of maturity, schedule and economy. The CFA offers education in the form of webinars and regional classes that can help concrete professionals and municipalities come together to provide assurance for quality concrete.

Jim Baty is the Executive Director for the Concrete Foundations Association after having served as Technical Director since 2001. He is currently chair of ACI 332 and a voting member for ACI 306 with priorities of establishing better guidance and structure for residential concrete construction. For more information on this topic, contact Jim Baty at jbaty@cfawalls.org. Find out more at www.cfawalls.org.

Visit the Concrete Foundations Association at World of Concrete 2015 in booth #C4341

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