Elapse | Systems, Comprehensiveness, Integration

AR3102

Productive Climate

Systems, Comprehensiveness, Integration

Studio

Wu Yen Yen

_______________________________________

Foo Jing Xi

A0221189E

001

13.04.2022

E LAPSE [noun] a platform reflecting physical changes within architecture, inspired by the formation of stalagmite and stalactite

CONTENTS

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02

03

04

Concept Generation

Site Analysis

Design Development

Final Design

Concept Intention Programmatic Analysis Structural Study Schematic Section Concept Execution

History General Site Analysis Site Image Site Analysis (Apparatus) Conclusion

Form Exploration

Section Programmatic Spaces Technical Exploded Plan Presentation Board

01

Concept Generation [noun] erosion, accumulation, composition, effect, benefit of mud

Concept Intention Programmatic Analysis Structural Study Schematic Section Concept Execution

ELAPSE | PRODUCTIVE CLIMATES

1

CONCEPT INTENTION

Natural Process

| ACUMULATION RESULTED FROM WATER EROSION Speleothems Formation Through Calcification

Rainwater absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, water infiltrates through the soil, flows through the soil into the underlying cap rock. In pore spaces in rocks, groundwater dissolves limestone in a nearly closed system. Seepage water enters the cave. If water quantity is insufficient to form a wet film, the water will evaporate and silica will be deposited as a weathering rind within the limestone. In cave passages, when seepage is saturated, carbonate minerals precipitate out of solution, forming speleothems, drop by drop.

Man-made Environment

| ACCUMULATION RESULTED FROM WATER EROSION Water is always seen as a destructive force within buildings. It is categorized as building defects, whereby accumulation leads to a moist environment, and will weaken the structural integrity of the building over time. Layers of waterproofing components are applied to minimize water leakage in a building.

NATURE VS MANMADE

Can water be the sculpting factor in our man-made environment?

The aim of the project is to utilize the element of water through collection of rain and condensation, to orchestrate potential changes in our architectural elements, changing the spatial quality. The architectural piece is seen as a reflection of the natural processes of water erosion.

The project celebrates the erosion and accumulation of mud, by encapsulating the changing states and forms of mud, with regards to the rain. The eroded mud accumulates drop by drop, slowly forming vertical members, changing the initial spatial quality. By the end of the process, the mud is well mixed and filtered, ready to be used as 3d printing materials. This cycle repeats continuously. The project showcases a Mud 3D Printing Research Center and Observatory adjacent to the Berlayer Creek, one of two remaining mangroves located in the south of mainland Singapore.

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CONCEPT INTENTION

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ADDITIONAL RESEARCH

Atmospheric

Rainwater absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, water infiltrates through the soil, reacts with organics and acquires more carbon dioxide with lowering pH, flows through thr soil into the underlying cap rock.

Erosion of Water

In pore spaces in rocks, groundwater dissolves limestone in a nearly closed system, carbon dioxide values drop, pH rises, and silica solubility increases until equilibrium is reached.

Condensation Corrosion

Water vapour from a cave atmosphere condensing to the walls of a cave creates a water film in equilibrium with the partial pressure pCO2 of the cave atmosphere. This solution is therefore aggressive to limestone and the dissolution process based on what has been termed condensation corrosion.

Condensation is possible only if the temperature of the cave walls is below the dew point of the air. The heat released by condensation increases the temperature of the cave wall and reduces the condensation rate.

Calcification

Seepage water enters the cave. If enough water is present to make a liquid film, it rapidly acquires carbon dioxide, pH lowers and dissolution rills form due to limestone dissolution. If water quantity is insufficient to form a wet film, the water will evaporate and silica will be deposited as a weathering rind within the limestone.

Precipitation

In cave passages, when seepage is saturated with respect to calcium bicarbonate, carbon dioxide is degassed from the solution upon entering the cave, carbonate minerals precipitate out of solution, forming speleothems, drop by drop.

4

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ADDITIONAL RESEARCH

Air Flow & Pressure in Cave

The air pressure system in a cave is constantly changing to be equal to the air pressure system on the surface.

An external high pressure system forces air into the cave to create a high pressure system in the cave.

Conversely, an external low pressure system with high pressure in the cave forces air out to achieve a low pressure system in the cave, called cave breathing. The speed of the air movement can increase significantly for a large cave with a narrow opening like the Wind Cave due to the Bernoulli Effect.

Cold Air Trap

During winter season, when the outside temperature is lower than the cave temperature, the light “warm” air of the cave rises up out of the cave and is replaced by the outside colder air. During summer season, due to density differences, cold air is trapped in the cave and a stratification of the subterranean air is observed.

Chimney Effect

During winter season, when the outside temperature is lower than the cave temperature, the light “warm” air of the cave rises up, out of the cave, and is replaced by cold air sucked into the system at the lower entrance.

This process is inverted during summer season. As much more energy is stored in the form of ice (latent heat) than in the rock (sensible heat), the temperature anomaly is larger at the lower entrance.

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PROGRAMMATIC ANALYSIS | ITERATION 1

EARTH OBSERVATORY & RESEARCH CENTER

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PROGRAMMATIC ANALYSIS | ITERATION 1

CREATURE ON SITE

CREATURE HANDLING

LABORATORY

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PROGRAMMATIC ANALYSIS | FINAL

MUD 3D-PRINTING RESEARCH CENTER

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PROGRAMMATIC ANALYSIS | FINAL

VARIATION OF MUD

| Different characteristics | Suitable for different usage

LARGE VS SMALL

| Large scale (architecture modules) | Small scale (craft / pottery)

3D PRINTING WORKSHOP

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STRUCTURAL STUDY

CELL BASED STRUCTURE | Sub-structure | Fabric Reinforced Concrete

The invisible forces (of tension and compression) that move through all material structures are in fact curvilinear in nature, contrary to the rectilinear forms they are often contained by. This project examines the ways in which tensile reinforcing might more accurately follow the complex, yet predictable, forms of tensile force-flow as opposed to the overly generalized linear assembly of steel rebar commonly used in these structures.

The work shown here shows a multi-level column and slab construction in which a pre-tensioned structural fabric is pulled into a form that follows the force-flow within the structure. The concrete (modeled in plaster) is then poured within the fabric form work, allowing the hydrostatic pressure to generate the desired form.

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STRUCTURAL STUDY

CELL BASED STRUCTURE | Sub-structure | Sprayed Concrete

Rather than take the shape of a massive, rebar-reinforced plate, it gains its structural integrity from its geometrically complex structure: a five-by-fivemetre span of two-centimetre-thick ribs. Just as the ultra-thin roof does away with bulky formwork in favour of a fully recyclable cable-net and fabric hybrid weighing only 800-kilograms – which supported an impressive 20 tonnes of concrete – the innovative floor system requires just 30 per cent of a typical concrete slab floor.

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SCHEMATIC SECTION

WEEK 1

WEEK 2

WEEK 3

WEEK 4

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SCHEMATIC SECTION

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CONCEPT EXECUTION

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CONCEPT EXECUTION

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02

Site Analysis [noun] a platform reflecting physical changes within architecture, inspired by the formation of stalagmite and stalactite

History General Site Analysis Site Image Site Analysis (Apparatus) Conclusion

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GENERAL SITE ANALYSIS

HISTORY

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GENERAL SITE ANALYSIS

HISTORY

1904 1950 1953 1997 2011 2012 2022

The founding of Keppel Golf Club in the midst of a nutmeg plantation.

Berlayer Canal & Industrial Building.

Pasir Panjang Power Station.

Erection of industrial building along Berlayer Canal.

Labrador Park MRT Station.

Berlayer Creek Boardwalk.

Labrador Substation.

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GENERAL SITE ANALYSIS

TRAFFIC Human Circulation (Weekday)

Human Circulation (Weekend)

Vehicular Circulation (Weekday)

Vehicular Circulation (Weekend)

| Busier at the office buildings, compared to the Berlayer Creek.

| Pasir Panjang Road is very busy as many people take this route to access the smaller roads that lead to the office spaces. This is the only possible route that can be taken as the highway leads directly to the end of Pasir Panjang Road and into other highways.

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| Busier at the Berlayer Creek as people retreat to nature on their rest days..

| Vehicular circulation is equally busy along Pasir Panjang Road on weekends as people use this road to go towards Vivo City or the Tanjong Pagar area.

Vehicular circulation is slightly busier at the Berlayer Creek too, as people retreat to Labrador Park (more easily accessible by car).

Building Programmes

Building Height

Social Node

Point of Congregation

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GENERAL SITE ANALYSIS

TOPOLOGICAL, TERRAIN HEIGHT AND ELEVATION GRADATIONS

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GENERAL SITE ANALYSIS

CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND TIME CYCLES

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SITE IMAGE

ADJACENT TO SITE

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SITE IMAGE

MANGROVE SWAMP

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SITE ANALYSIS | APPARATUS

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SITE ANALYSIS | APPARATUS

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APPARATUS

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APPARATUS

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SITE ANALYSIS

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SITE ANALYSIS | CONCLUSION

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03

Design Development [noun] a platform reflecting physical changes within architecture, inspired by the formation of stalagmite and stalactite

Form Exploration

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WEEK 7 | FORM EXPLORATION

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WEEK 7 | FORM EXPLORATION

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WEEK 7 | FORM EXPLORATION

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WEEK 7 | FORM EXPLORATION

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WEEK 8 | FORM EXPLORATION

BULGING EXPLORATION

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WEEK 8 | FORM EXPLORATION

OVERLAPPING

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INTERIM 2 | FORM EXPLORATION

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INTERIM 2 | FORM EXPLORATION

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INTERIM 2 | FORM EXPLORATION

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1ST STOREY

2ND STOREY

3RD STOREY

4TH STOREY

INTERIM 2 | FORM EXPLORATION

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WEEK 10 | FORM EXPLORATION

1ST STOREY PLAN 44

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2ND STOREY PLAN ELAPSE | PRODUCTIVE CLIMATES

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3RD STOREY PLAN 46

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ROOF PLAN ELAPSE | PRODUCTIVE CLIMATES

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WEEK 10 | FORM EXPLORATION

SECTION

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WEEK 11 | FORM EXPLORATION

CAFETETIA

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WEEK 11 | FORM EXPLORATION

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WEEK 11 | FORM EXPLORATION

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WEEK 12 | FORM EXPLORATION

1ST STOREY PLAN 52

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2ND STOREY PLAN ELAPSE | PRODUCTIVE CLIMATES

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WEEK 12 | FORM EXPLORATION

3RD STOREY PLAN 54

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WEEK 12 | FORM EXPLORATION

ROOF PLAN ELAPSE | PRODUCTIVE CLIMATES

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04

Final Design [noun] a platform reflecting physical changes within architecture, inspired by the formation of stalagmite and stalactite

Section Programmatic Spaces Technical Exploded Plan Presentation Board

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OVERVIEW

GRAND ENTRANCE 1ST STOREY

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SECTION

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SECTION

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PROGRAMMATIC SPACES

MUD MIXING TANK MULTIPLE STORIES

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PROGRAMMATIC SPACES

MUD 3D-PRINTING WORKSHOP & GALLERY 2ND STOREY

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TECHNICAL

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SITE PLAN

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EXPLODED PLAN

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EXPLODED PLAN

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INTERIM 1 PRESENTATION BOARD

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INTERIM 2 PRESENTATION BOARD

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FINAL PRESENTATION BOARD

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FINAL PRESENTATION BOARD

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