FME Issue 59 - October 2023

October 2023

THE MAGAZINE FOR FIRE PREVENTION, FIREFIGHTING & RESCUE

ISSUE 59

TUNNELS CLIMATE CHANGE

GLAZING

FIRE

SUPPRESSION

IMPROVING

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

www.buildingdoctor.ae

Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Meet us at

Stand SS - S37

Dubai World Trade Centre

Meet us at

Hall 5 Stand No. A29

Dubai World Trade Centre

Subscribe online to our magazine and e-newsletter: firemiddleeastmag.com

Contents FME EXCLUSIVES

C L I M AT E C H A N G E 30

COP28 pathway for fire services

Captain Abdulaziz Mohammed illustrates how the Abu Dhabi Civil Defense Authority is approaching the enduring and emerging challenges of climate change.

Tunnels 14 Migrating risks Peter Stephenson on how imperative it is that fire protection solutions become an integral part of the overall design and operation of transportation tunnels.

REGULARS

.

A I R S U P P LY 32

Improving emergency response

Mark Fessenden explores five ways firefighter air replenishment systems improve emergency response in tall buildings.

Passive protection: Glazing 20 Typical pitfalls in implementing fire safety with glazing There are always shifts in technical regulations and conformity regimes related to fire safety and here Abhi Chhabra examines glass as a fire resistant component of a building.

Fire sprinkler systems 24 Flexible growth and acceptance

.

03

41

Insider’s View

News 04 Regional 08 International 11 Industry 38

W AT E R M I S T An instrument to assist fire engineers

Luciano Nigro presents Water Mist System Design and Review – IWMA’s Matrix in selecting the suitable systems and the Authority Having Jurisdiction in reviewing them for approval.

In Focus A multi-disciplinary engineering consultancy which has a unique culture… Priding itself in being a great place to work; putting staff wellbeing first.

49 In case of fire & 50 The role of cables in particle physics at CERN Protecting a poultry processing plant in South Africa 52

On the Market

56

Events round-up

In this article, Len Swantek, describes the features and advantages these flexible sprinkler hoses afford over traditional hard pipe sprinkler connections.

Offshore fire safety 27 Learning from the mistakes of others

.

AIRPORTS 46

Elevating airport safety

A fire rescue training facility at an airport is an important proactive measure for the ongoing safety of passengers, airport employees and the local community explains Samantha Rowles and Teren Tan.

Offshore disasters’ legacies are felt globally and as a consequence can be used for crisis management and accident prevention training the world over.

IFSM 34 Passport to Fire Safety The whole fire safety history of the building could be a matter of record and there would be no more searching for clues or trying to second guess the fire strategy of a building reflects Bob Docherty.

Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023 01

Contact Us

Insider’s View

editor Wendy Otway +44 (0)1795 530111 editor@firemiddleeast.co.uk advertising sales worldwide commercial director Mike Dingle +44 (0) 1752 267 330 mike@firemiddleeast.co.uk sales Ryan Bickerton + 44(0)1752 265 802 ryan@firemiddleeast.co.uk Gareth Driscoll +44 (0) 1752 260 603 gareth@firemiddleeast.co.uk Rahul Vara +44 (0) 1752 604 352 rahul@firemiddleeast.co.uk Kyle Kennedy +44 (0)7867 641 955 kyle@firemiddleeast.co.uk production team Freya Tucker freya@firemiddleeast.co.uk marketing manager Paul Riglar +44 (0)7496 377 603 paul@firemiddleeast.co.uk designed by Paul Buckley paul@riasca.co This publication may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form in whole or in part without the written consent of the publishers. © MDC Middle East Ltd. 2023 The Publisher and Editor do not necessarily agree with the content and opinions in editorial contained in Fire Middle East magazine.

For subscriptions and advertising enquires, or for further information on the magazine visit our website: firemiddleeastmag.com Follow us

@firemiddleast

fire middle east magazine is published by

I N JU N E O F this year the CERN Fire and Rescue Service hosted the 18th meeting of the Commission for Women in Fire and Rescue Services who share best practices and exchange views of promoting diversity in the field. The Commission’s decision to select Switzerland and, in particular, CERN as the location was inspired by the CFRS laudable campaign for firefighters and fire officers that resulted in perfect gender parity…The CFRS hired four women and four men. As one might imagine, all aspects of safety are crucial to CERN, to protect the people and the infrastructure involved with all research projects throughout the facility. Ensuring the cable products providing power, communication, and data can evidence high levels of quality helps to support the safety of the applications to demonstrate compliance and performance and in the In Case of Fire piece on page 49 you can read more about the 2000 kilometres of cabling in use across facility.

Elsewhere in this issue we consider mitigating risks in tunnel protection and also examine glass as a fire resistant component of a building.

Passive fire protection plus detection and alarm equipment form only part of a robust system of building fire protection – automatic fire suppression plays an essential role and on page 41 we explore the IWMA’s Matrix for selecting suitable water mist systems and read how flexible sprinkler hoses provide advantages over traditional hard pipe sprinkler connections on page 24.

In a world where fires – wild and urban - are poisoning our atmosphere action for climate change should always be noted and on page 30 we report how the Abu Dhabi Civil Defense Authority is approaching the enduring and emerging challenges of climate change and will host COP28: Pathway for Fire Services at the end of November. Whilst on the subject of atmospheres, on page 32, we discover five ways firefighter air replenishment systems improve emergency response in tall buildings.

I hope you find information and inspiration within these covers.

MDC Middle East Ltd Unit 4, Creative Court, Central Park Avenue, Plymouth, PL4 6NW Mike Dingle +44 (0)1752 267 330 Mike@firemiddleeast.co.uk

Wendy Otway editor@firemiddleeast.co.uk @firemiddleast firemiddleeastmag.com

Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023 03

More news and updates at: @firemiddleast firemiddleeastmag.com

Regional News ALGERIA

EGYPT

Wildfires return The Bejaia and Tizi-Ouzou provinces of Algeria have been beset by wildfires again after the region was devastated in June.

Strong winds mean the blazes have gained strength and spread quickly. Authorities have also warned that high temperatures will add to the hot and dry conditions which will mean further fires and growth are likely. Emergency crews are working hard to tackle the wildfires, and have evacuated several neighbourhoods. This summer, Northern Algeria experienced a record heatwave, with temperatures reaching 48C. The World Meteorological Organisation says extreme weather patterns being experienced across the world highlight the need for greater climate action. At least 34 people died during wildfires in the region earlier this year, including ten soldiers.

Around 35 wildfires have been rapidly spreading across the northeastern region of Algeria in more than 11 regions since July 24th, causing extensive devastation.

CYPRUS

Lebanon and Jordan send assistance Two helicopters from Lebanon and four planes from Jordan have been sent to Cyprus to help aid firefighting efforts on the small island where a blaze scorched a large area of mountainous terrain proved difficult to extinguish because of its remote location. Two Greek Canadair aircraft have been dispatched to help douse the fire in the mountains about 17 kilometres north of the coastal town of Limassol. Jordan is sending three aircraft of its own, including two Super Puma helicopters and a Russian-made Mi26 helicopter. The multinational effort is battling a blaze that has scorched as much as 10 square kilometres of land.

Cypriot Environment Ministry Secretary Andreas Gregoriou, who is coordinating firefighting efforts, told state-run Cyprus News Agency that talks are ongoing with Israel for additional air support if needed.

04 Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023

Ministry building severely damaged The Ministry of Religion Endowments in Cairo has suffered a massive fire due to an electrical short circuit in an air conditioning unit in a computer server room according to the Egyptian Public Prosecution Office.

The fire then spread to offices on higher floors where it damaged documents which had been recently converted to a digital format.

Other documents which would have been held there had already been move to the ministry’s new building in the New Administrative Capital. The prosecution office has assigned the criminal lab to conduct further investigations into the cause of the fire and ordered the creation of an engineering committee from the Cairo governorate to determine the structural integrity of the damaged building.

Church fire kills 41 Elsewhere in Cairo, 16 people were injured and 41 killed when a fire broke out during morning service at a Coptic Orthodox church.The Martyr Abu Sefein Church in the neighbourhood of Imbaba is expected to have had 5000 worshippers inside when the fire started. 18 of the victims are believed to be children, who were in the building’s two childcare facilities.

Human rights advocates and public figures are calling on the Egyptian government to reform “discriminatory” laws restricting the building of churches in Egypt, which they say contributed to the fire. In Egypt, permits to build or renovate churches required direct presidential approval until 2016. This made it “virtually impossible” to build or renovate churches.

In 2016, the Egyptian government introduced a new law which shifted the decision-making from the president to local governors.

However, the law, which only applies to Christian houses of worship, has stringent requirements for churches to qualify for permits. There is no appeals process in cases of rejected permits. According to the interior ministry the fire was caused by an electrical malfunction.

More news and updates at: @firemiddleast firemiddleeastmag.com

Regional News KUWAIT

Refinery blaze IRAQ

Pyrotechnic wedding disaster Funerals have been held for more than 113 people who died in a fire at a wedding in Nineveh province in northern Iraq.

Fore engulfed the wedding hall in the majority Christian town of Qaraqosh at about 22:45 local time, as pyrotechnics were set off while the bride and groom enjoyed their first dance. A video of the event shows the fireworks alight under a large lighting decoration, which quickly caught fire.

The size and location of the decoration made it easy for the fire to spread quickly over a large area as flames dropped to the floor. Additionally, it is believed that flammable materials were used in the construction of the building, which is suspected to have contributed to the size and speed of the blaze. It is expected that more than 1000 people were present at the celebration.

Power plant fire A fire at a power plant in Basra has caused blackouts across swathes of central and southern Iraq. The fire at the Al-Bkir substation in Basra resulted in the separation of transmission lines linking the southern and central regions, leading to a complete shutdown of the electrical system in the area, Iraq’s Ministry of Electricity said in a statement. It said the fire was accidental.

The fire happened during surging demands for power during a major heat wave in the country, while the system faces other major challenges such as fuel shortages.

The power outage also effected other services such as disruption to the tap water supply in Baghdad which turned to generators to run water pumps.

Firefighters have extinguished a fire at the Mina Al Ahmadi oil refinery with no disruption to production, but several injuries due to smoke inhalation.

This incident follows the fire at the same oil refinery in July when a fire broke.

At the same plant in 2022 two people were killed and ten injured after a fire broke out

OMAN

Major gas explosion Cooking gas has been pinpointed as the cause of a major gas explosion which injured 18 people in Mabela, Oman.

The explosion occurred in a restaurant, which was almost totally destroyed.

Rescue and ambulance teams dealt with hazardous materials at the site, which included surrounding buildings and debris was strewn around the plaza outside.

The authority took this incident as an opportunity to remind the public of the importance of adhering to safety rules and regulations concerning the use and storage of gas cylinders.

Unsafe gas handling practices accounted for 31.2% of fire incidents in 2022 in Muscat.

during maintenance on gas liquification plant at the refinery, and several people were injured in a fire in October 2021.

Mina Al Ahmadi, 40km south of the capital Kuwait City, is the state’s biggest refinery, with capacity to process 466,000 barrels of oil per day.

K A Z A K H S TA N

Deadly mine fire Five people have died at an ArcelorMittal Temirtau coal mine in Kazakhstan.

Approximately 227 employees were working on the site at the time of the incident in Kazakhstan’s Karaganda region.

ArcelorMittal Temirtau said that an accident liquidation plan was immediately launched and 222 people were rescued from the site. Minister of Emergencies Syrym Sharipkhanov has said that a conveyor belt caught fire, this then spread to the coal bed.

Firefighters had to work underground in adverse conditions unsuitable for breathing, with poor visibility and high temperatures.

Fire suppression in the mine required specific techniques, including gypsum partition installation for containment.

Firefighters were still working to extinguish the fire five days after it started.

Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023 05

DON’T MISS: TLX’s pneumatic actuators pair with our electric actuators for a full system solution.

CONTACT US ABOUT YOUR FIRE SUPPRESSION NEEDS.

sales@tlxtech.com | tlxfire.com

More news and updates at: @firemiddleast firemiddleeastmag.com

International News TA I W A N

BENIN

Fatal factory fire Nine people, including 4 firefighters have died in a fire caused by an explosion at a golf ball factory in Taiwan. The factory normally produces one fifth of the world golf balls. According to the report, the fire spread quickly and was followed by an explosion that caused part of the building to collapse, trapping factory-workers inside. Another explosion followed not long after causing even more damage.

It is likely that highly flammable and explosive materials used to produce the balls, including organic peroxides, caused the fire and the explosions. The company – Launch Technologies - has been fined for a number of fire related violations, including a 20-minute delay in reporting the emergency, failing to designate an appointed person to assist the fire commander and failing to give a complete inventory of hazardous materials stored on-site to the fire teams when they arrived.

CHINA

Illegal fuel depot fire A contraband fuel depot in Seme Krake, a town in Benin’s southeastern department of Oueme, close to the Nigerian boarder has exploded, claiming the lives on 34 people, including 2 infants. Twenty others were injured.

The fuel is thought to have been smuggled from Nigeria, a major oil producing nation, and was used by towns residents to refuel their vehicles.

Fuel smuggling is common in the area, with illegal refineries, fuel dumps and pipelines sometimes causing fires. The head of the local fire department, Dallys Ahouangbegnon, said that the fire, which broke out in a warehouse near Seme Krake’s pineapple market, spread to nearby houses and vehicles.

Nigerian President Bola Tinubu took action against fuel smuggling when he came to office this year, by removing the subsidy keeping fuel prices low in Nigeria and which encouraged smuggling to neighbouring countries.

Mine accidents still happening Faulty equipment has caused a fire in a coal mine in Guizhou province, China. Workers were trapped, and 16 people died after a conveyor belt in the mine caught fire.

While safety standards in the country’s mining sector have improved in recent decades, accidents still frequently plague the industry, often due to lax enforcement of protocols, especially at the most rudimentary sites. According to official figures, 245 people died in 168 accidents in coal mines in China.

An explosion at a coal mine in Shaanxi province in northern China August killed 11 people, nine of whom were trapped inside. Another two people managed to make it to the surface before they succumbed to their injuries, according to state media reports at the time. In February another coal mine in the northern Inner Mongolia region collapsed burying dozens of people and vehicles under debris, the full death toll of 53 wasn’t revealed until June.

AUSTRALIA

Boys face arson charges Two 13 year old boys have been charged in relation to a one-in-a-decade fire in Sydney.

The fire which engulfed and caused the partial collapse of a seven storey building saw hundreds of people evacuated from the area. Court attendances were issued for two 13-year-old boys today after an extensive investigation. They will face court on charges of destroying property worth more than $5000 using fire and entering enclosed land without a lawful excuse. The listed building in Surrey-Hills had been used by unhoused people as a shelter, but everybody is believed to have been accounted for. The building’s owners had planned to turn the building into a 5-star hotel.

08 Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023

HOLLAND

Burned car carrier returns The Freemantle Highway a car carrying cargo ship which caught fire on the 25th July this year has returned to port in Holland. One crew member lost their life in the fire, but the remaining crew managed to survive. The cause of the fire is yet unknown, but it has been reported that 1000 of the 3700 cars on board, including 500 of the EVs are in good condition and perfectly movable, and the lower four decks (of 12) are relatively undamaged, and this was where the majority of the EVs were loaded.

The upper 4 decks experienced temperatures so high that cars are now totally fused to the deck plating.

More news and updates at: @firemiddleast firemiddleeastmag.com

International News VIETNAM

Fire regulations concerns NIGERIA

Fire causes outage A fire in a power plant in Nigeria has led to an hours long national outage on the Nigerian National Grid.

The outage lasted approximately 10 hours, the grid has collapsed multiple times in recent years, and the latest outage on Thursday affected all of Nigeria’s 36 states and the capital city of Abuja before electricity was restored in most parts of the country. A fire in one of the country’s power plants led to “sharp drops in frequency” that resulted in grid failure. Power generation fell to zero in the early morning and had risen to 273 megawatts (MW) by 1030 GMT, well below the daily average of 4,100MW, data from the Transmission Company of Nigeria showed.

H AWAI I

Wildfire clean up The clean-up operation after wildfires left Lahaina the former capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii has started. The fires left 97 people dead, and 23 missing have left many residents fearing there are still huma remains in the ashes and rubble.

Federal authorities are now working with significant logistical barriers as they attempt to provide the support available in mainland USA in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, as well as navigate the delicate dynamics of disaster clean-up in a place as historically and culturally important as the ruined town of Lahaina. The town is sacred to Native Hawaiians, which means a search through the rubble to find and preserve irreplicable cultural artifacts. As well as the challenges associated with removing debris from the island, the challenge of bringing new building materials is also set to hinder recovery in the area.

A fire in a car park under a nine-storey building has highlighted safety issues with newly built apartment buildings in Hanoi. Local authorities reported that at least 56 people died and at dozens injured after fire spread from the car park to upper levels, with residents left with few means of escape as metal security bars blocked windows. At least 70 people were rescued from the building, with some injured when they jumped on to neighbouring roofs to escape the inferno. Nearly 40 people were injured, police said. Witnesses reported a small boy being thrown from an upper floor while people carried a mattress below to catch him.

As well as the building not having sufficient means of escape, the 15 fire engines which were sent to assist struggled to get close to the building because of the narrowness of the alley approaching the building.

INDIA

Exploding gas canister kills 9

A fire in a train carriage in India left nine people dead. The carriage was hired by a private tours operator and had been detached from the train in the Madurai

railway yard in Tamil Nadu, and was due to remain parked there for two days. The fire is thought to have been started by an exploding gas canister when one of the passengers tried to make a cup of tea.

The carriage was carrying more than 50 pilgrims from Uttar Pradesh and was parked at the station when the cylinder blew up, survivors had to break down doors to escape. The carriage also had bars across the windows, which could have prevented the 9 casualties from escaping. The gas cylinder was illegally taken inside the carriage, officials are quoted as saying.

Officials told the Press Trust of India news agency that 20 others were injured and taken to hospital.

Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023 09

THE GALLET F2XR RESCUE HELMET

WE’VE GOT YOU COVERED

Meet the helmet platform that adapts to new dangers Designed for the challenges of a shifting climate, MSA Safety’s GALLET F2XR rescue helmet is tested and certified for wildland firefighting, technical rescue, urban search and rescue, climbing, and water rescue. Learn more:

msasafety.com/F2XR

More news and updates at: @firemiddleast firemiddleeastmag.com

Industry News

APPOINTMENTS Peli Products, S.L.U., has appointed James “JC” Curleigh as the company’s new Chief Executive Officer. Curleigh brings a wealth of experience that will guide the company through its next phase of growth and innovation. With over 30 years of experience in high-powered brands such as M&M Marsand, Levi’s Apparel Curleigh is well-equipped to help lead Peli to new heights.

Life saving project The “San Benedetto cardioprotected city”, is an initiative promoted by the Rotary Club of San Benedetto del Tronto Nord in collaboration with the Training Centre of the Misericordie d’Italia, which aims to make the region in Italy where fire and security specialist Inim is based safer through the spread of early defibrillation stations (AEDs).

Securiton are supporting this project with the donation of two AEDs, located

near Chalet Stella and Chalet Medusa, places frequented by citizens and tourists who are walking or doing physical activity on the seafront. The company believes that the spread of AEDs is a form of prevention and protection that can make the difference between life and death in critical situations is encouraging everyone to inform themselves and train on the use of AEDs, because “each of us can be a hero who can save a life”

Representative in India Emirates Safety Laboratory (ESL) have appointed Blue & Gray Management company as their off official representative in India. This collaboration holds special promise for Indian manufacturers who will now have access to an extensive team of specialist engineers and guidance in product fire testing and conformity assessment certification.

New distributor in Ecuador Industrial Services has become FireDos GmbH distributor in Ecuador. With more than 15 years of experience, Industrial Services specialises in fire protection and firefighting and provides solutions in line with international regulations for various industries such as oil and gas, pharmaceuticals and aviation.

Industrial Services has international approvals and certifications such as CFPS (Certified Fire Protection Specialist) and EVT (Emergency Vehicle Technicians) and provides customers with regular training and seminars.

Dafo Vehicle, a specialist in safety for vehicles in high-risk industries, has announced Fredrik Rosén’s new position within the company as Business Line Manager for Material Handling.

As a key member of Dafo Vehicle since its inception, Rosén has played an integral role in Dafo Vehicles’ success. His transition from Business Manager Middle East and Africa and Marketing Manager, reflects a strategic change in the business to focus and strengthen the support and knowledge in this key sector of material handling for Dafo Vehicle’s global customer base.

Bogdan Raciega, who works as fire laboratory director for the Baltic Fire Laboratory in Tuchom, Poland has joined the Scientific Council of the International Water Mist Association (IWMA).

Bogdan first dealt with water mist nearly ten years ago and is an expert in the Polish Committee for Standardisation in Warsaw and also a member of the CEN / TC 191 / WG 10 in Brussels.

Joint services Radiocoms Systems Limited, a UK emergency communications provider, and Modirum, an international video-streaming and data business, have announced a joint service offering, building on Radiocoms´ existing voice and data services excellence in critical environments, on Android and IOS to include video-streaming and other essential digital services.

Modirum Securities Technologies specialise in tactical command and control solutions, based on mission-proven software with its technologies currently being deployed in a range of NATO and EU environments. It operates with the strapline ´ when a second is a lifetime´.

UL Listed & FM Approved Duyar’s Gear flow switch product is now both UL Listed and FM Approved.

Our investments with the slogan of the power of domestic production continue at full speed.

The Gear Flow Switch received full points from international standards after the latest studies.

Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023 11

More news and updates at: @firemiddleast firemiddleeastmag.com

Industry News

1 million safe working hours

Joining forces to combat Lithium-Ion battery fires Li-Fire Suppression Solutions and Fireaway Inc. have announced their official partnership to combat deadly lithium-ion battery fires.

The partnership combines Li-Fire’s stateof-the-art fire blankets with Fireaway’s innovative Stat-X First Responder® condensed aerosol fire suppression tool (FST). The partnership creates an eminently

viable solution that provides professionals with a means to both contain and suppress lithium-ion battery fires in a wide range of vehicles.

As a result of this new Li-Fire / Fireaway partnership, responders can contain EV lithium-ion battery fires with Li-Fire’s fire blanket and suppress it with the Stat-X First Responder fire suppression tool.

Firestop system certification and listing

A strategic acquisition

Passive fire protection manufacturer for building envelopes, Siderise Insulation, has achieved certification of its innovative stonewool lamella solution for curtain wall façade applications - reinforcing the reputation of its passive fire safety products and systems to provide reliable compartmentation.

Issued by the highly regarded independent Testing, Inspection and Certification (TIC) organisation, Thomas Bell-Wright International Consultants (TBWIC), the certification attests to Siderise’s capabilities in quality manufacturing.

The Certification takes account of the results from system testing to ASTM E2307 and ASTM E2874 fire test standards.

Inspect Point, the leading provider of dedicated fire protection software solutions, is excited to announce its acquisition of FormLink Systems, a wellestablished player in the fire protection industry. This strategic move will further solidify Inspect Point’s position as an industry leader while enhancing its ability to serve a broader range of fire protection professionals with innovative and efficient solutions.

Inspect Point and FormLink Systems have long shared a common vision of empowering fire protection professionals with the tools they need to streamline their workflow and ensure safety and compliance. With a shared commitment to excellence and innovation, both brands are dedicated to providing exceptional customer experiences and ensuring that fire protection professionals have the bestin-class tools to optimise their operations.

12 Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023

Red Sea Global, the developer behind an ambitious regenerative tourist project – Amaala and The Red Sea – has achieved a notable milestone by clocking one million safe working hours while constructing the first phase of the Desert Rock mountain resort in Saudi Arabia.

Red Sea Global attribute this achievement to its strict adherence to the highest standards of health and safety since it announced its sustainable destinations.

“This is mainly due to our belief that all are entitled to enjoy a safe work experience at all times, be they our direct staff members or those employed by our partners, in the development of project portfolio,” said a company spokesperson.

BRE Global signs MoU BRE Global and Thomas Bell-Wright International Consultants have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) which provides the fire testing and certification market with the opportunity to access the services of both organisations.

The MoU lays the foundation for cooperation covering passive fire protection, including fire resistance, reaction to fire and large-scale testing. The partnership enables BRE Global to accept and recognise test results conducted by TBW as part of BRE Global classification and LPCB approval programmes, giving manufacturers additional choice in testing locations for gaining BRE Global classifications and LPCB certification, supporting global market access.

Manufacturers and suppliers based in the Middle East and Asia can now engage locally with BRE Global & TBW to conduct fire tests, knowing that BRE Global will recognise the results for classification purposes and pave the way for obtaining an LPCB RedBookLive listing.

intersec 16 - 18 January, 2024 Dubai, UAE

PSM

Meet us at German Pavilon

Powder Suction Maschine

FULL SERVICE OF POWDER FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Qualität intersec MADE

IN 16 -GERMANY 18 January, 2024 Dubai, UAE www.muellergermany.com

Meet us at German Pavilon

CFA

For every filling application the right solution

CARBON DIOXIDE FILLING UNITS Brandschutztechnik Müller GmbH Kasselerstr. 37-39 | 34289 Zierenberg | Germany Phone: +49 (0)5606/51 82 50 Whats App: +49 156 78 76 58 01

www.muellergermany.com

Tunnels

Mitigating risks Catastrophic fires in tunnels have, over the years, resulted in a significant loss of life, extensive property damage, and prolonged business interruptions. In the aftermath of such devastating events, authorities and fire safety professionals tend to focus their efforts almost exclusively on addressing fire safety concerns, often overlooking property protection and business continuity. From a risk management perspective, writes peter stephenson BEng (Hons) Fire Engineering, Fire Safety Division Middle East, Hydrock, it is imperative that fire protection solutions become an integral part of the overall design and operation of transportation tunnels.

14 Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023

from the outset, it is important to have a suitably qualified fire engineer as part of the tunnel design team providing a detailed understanding of tunnel risk factors, fire hazards, aggravating elements, and essential fire protection considerations. The fire engineers experience of loss prevention solutions, particularly focusing on fire protection engineering in alignment with globally recognised standards, such as those set forth by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is critical to the success of a project and on-going fire safety management within the relevant tunnel.

Tunnel fire safety is crucial for protecting both people and infrastructure. The design and implementation of fire safety systems and management protocols will be influenced by the varying needs and operational requirements associated with the tunnels intended use. Factors such as the tunnel length, traffic volume, types of vehicles and traffic conditions all impact on the risk profile and the level of safety within a tunnel. Key international fire safety guides and standards relating to tunnel fire safety include, but are not limited to:

Tunnels

1. NFPA 502: Standard for Road Tunnels, Bridges, and Other Limited Access Highways: This document provides comprehensive guidance on fire protection measures in road tunnels, including design, ventilation, and firefighting strategies.

2. AASHTO/FHWA Fire Safety in Highway Tunnels: Published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), focuses on the design, construction, and operation of highway tunnels with an emphasis on fire safety.

3. CEN 15227: Safety in Road Tunnels - Road Tunnel Safety Systems: This European standard outline safety systems and procedures for road tunnels, including fire detection, ventilation, and evacuation.

4. NCHRP Research Report 836: Guidelines for Emergency Ventilation Smoke Control in Roadway Tunnels (2017): This guide produced by the Transportation Research Board’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) focuses on guidelines for ventilation to facilitate human evacuation and emergency responders’ safety in roadway tunnels.

5. Australian Standard AS-4825 (2011), Tunnel Fire Safety: Provides a generic framework for establishing the fire safety systems that are required in new road, rail or bus tunnels to provide an acceptable level of safety in case of fire.

6. NFPA 130: Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems: This standard addresses fire safety for transit and rail systems, including tunnels, with a focus on passenger safety during emergencies.

7. NIST Technical Note 2025: Best Practice Guidelines for Structural Fire Resistance Design of Concrete and Steel Buildings: While not specific to tunnels, this publication by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) offers guidelines for designing structures with fire resistance, which can be relevant for tunnel construction.

8. Local Building Codes and Regulations: Local building authorities and Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) often have their own codes and regulations specific to tunnel construction and fire safety. These should be consulted for compliance. The UAE Fire Code address tunnel fire safety for means of egress (Chapter 3), Fire Protection Systems (Chapter 9) and Smoke Control and Smoke Management Systems (Chapter 10).

9. International Fire Code (IFC) and National Fire Code (NFC): These codes may include provisions for tunnel fire safety depending on the jurisdiction.

Keeping in mind that tunnel fire safety is a complex field, it’s essential to consult with relevant authorities, engineers, and experts when designing, constructing, or operating tunnels to ensure compliance with the latest safety standards and guidelines.

Additionally, technological advancements and research may lead to updates in these standards over time.

UNDERSTA NDING T U N N EL FI RE RI SK Generally tunnels are classified for the purpose of establishing preliminary fire safety measures with different design characteristics for the purposes of an initial design concept. The tunnel classification generally covers the tunnel length (long or short) and traffic condition (road tunnels only) being high traffic of low traffic conditions. In addition, the traffic direction of flow (unidirectional or bi-directional) is a key consideration.

Tunnel walls constructed with reinforced concrete are generally considered fire-resistant. However, tunnel linings remain susceptible to large fires, which can lead to issues like spalling and the potential collapse or failure of concrete structures. The integrity of concrete can also be compromised depending on the construction materials used, including the incorporation of plastic fibres. Additionally, the presence of thermal barriers and combustible road pavements can exacerbate the severity of fires within tunnels.

The provision of means of escape and evacuation in tunnel environments poses a unique challenge and requires ongoing consideration in research and development. Various fire detection systems, including video fire/smoke detection, have been developed and adapted for tunnel use, but they cannot always guarantee life safety or effective property loss mitigation. Early fire detection systems, combined with emergency response teams, might not suffice in critical situations.

Research and data on tunnel fires, especially in road tunnels, are limited and remains on-going. Furthermore, fire growth rate testing often lacks a focus on real fires, especially those involving modern vehicles and materials which is an ever-changing arena. Current standards for fixed fire protection systems in tunnels provide a framework for a risk-based approach but fall short of offering specific design criteria.

C H A L L E N G E S I N TU N N E L F I R E PROTE C TI O N One of the most significant challenges in tunnel fire protection is the difficulty of access and low visibility during a fire event.

Manually operated fixed fire protection systems may experience delays in activation, rendering them less reliable compared to automatically activated systems.

Local or partial protection solutions, such as water curtains designed to mitigate hot gases and smoke migration in road tunnels, or water spray-protected sections inside rail tunnels, are considered less than fully reliable and the design of water mist protection systems in tunnels remains a complex issue.

Existing standards for water mist fire protection systems do not provide definitive fire performance criteria or specific guidance on system design. Instead, reliance is placed on the procurement and installation of listed water mist equipment or systems that have performed well in fire tests.

The performance of such systems can be challenged, especially given the dynamic conditions inside a tunnel during an emergency.

Changing environmental conditions, the impact of ventilation, and other unforeseen factors could compromise the effectiveness of water mist fire protection systems.

Considering the challenges discussed above, tunnel risks can be broadly characterised as “systems” that temporarily house combustible goods or materials in transit within more or less fire-resistant structures. Automatic fixed water-based firefighting systems should be a crucial component of tunnel design and operation unless it can be conclusively demonstrated that existing early fire detection systems, coupled with efficient emergency response measures, are sufficient to ensure life safety and property protection on a case-by-case basis. Based on these considerations, the following loss prevention and mitigation measures should be considered: 1. Use of non-combustible construction materials: ensure that tunnel structures and pavements are constructed using noncombustible and non-toxic materials to enhance safety for people and minimise physical damage.

2. Automatic fixed water-based firefighting systems: Install automatic wet pipe sprinkler or spray systems in accordance with recognised international standards. These systems enable safe evacuation and help control fires in their early stages.

3. Fixed gaseous clean agent extinguishing systems: install these systems in technical rooms of tunnels as per recognised international standards.

4. Emergency ventilation and smoke control systems: Develop systems designed to maximise exhaust rates in the ventilation zone containing the fire and minimise the introduction of outside air. These systems are essential for creating safe evacuation paths and facilitating firefighting efforts.

5. Comprehensive emergency response planning: Establish thorough emergency response plans, including coordination and communication protocols, traffic control, management of emergency ventilation systems, and firefighting operations. This coordination is especially critical for trans-border tunnels.

Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023 15

Tunnels

D E S IGNING EFFECTIVE WAT ER-B ASED FIXE D FIRE PROTECTIO N SYST EM S As highlighted above, a key design criteria for recommended water-based fixed fire protection systems, includes the density and surface area of application. These criteria align with existing internationally recognised standards, such as those set by the NFPA. It is essential to consider the most challenging combustible load scenarios and the continuity of combustibles that tunnels may encounter. Adequate and reliable water supplies feeding both fixed firefighting systems and manual firefighting equipment should be part of the design.

Given the absence of validated methods for predicting the performance of water-based firefighting systems, thorough fullscale fire testing under specific tunnel conditions is crucial to assess their ability to meet defined performance objectives.

AN ALYSING FIRE LO SS H I STO RY A historical analysis of fires in tunnels highlights that over 177 incidents have been recorded in 29 countries worldwide since 1866. These incidents have been caused by various factors, including electrical fires; car collisions; bomb attacks; train derailments; collisions; construction accidents; arson and more.

Among these events, 28 major fires occurred between 1949 and 2008, resulting in over 700 deaths, more than 1,000 injuries, the loss of over 500 vehicles, and financial losses exceeding €1 billion. Notable among these losses were the Channel Rail Tunnel fire in 1996, the Mont Blanc Road Tunnel fire in 1999, and another incident in the Channel Rail Tunnel in 2008. Analysis of these tunnel fire incidents highlights critical lessons including: 1. Ventilation challenges: In relatively old tunnels, ventilation has been provided primarily aimed at evacuating toxic fumes, not for smoke control. In recent tunnels, the use of existing emergency ventilation systems designed for smoke and gas removal has often exacerbated structural damage and harmed assets inside the tunnel.

2. Aggravating factors: difficult access, poor visibility, response time delays, and the need to de-energize railway electrification systems before firefighting have been major aggravating factors.

3. Structural damage: concrete structures can be severely damaged by fire, potentially requiring extensive replacement and leading to prolonged business interruptions.

16 Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023

4. Proper cooling: Effective cooling measures, as demonstrated in the 2007 Melbourne Burnley Road Tunnel fire, can mitigate structural damage. Properly equipped tunnels with deluge systems and smoke extraction mechanisms can significantly limit damage.

U N D E R S TA N D I N G F I R E H A ZA R D With an understanding of historical tunnel fires it can be seen that the incidents typically originate from two main types of ignition sources, namely: 1. Tunnel equipment and appurtenances: these include railway electric power systems; transit system equipment; traffic control systems; lighting systems, and other electrical sources within the tunnel.

2. Transit vehicles and rolling stock: ignition sources include automotive electric power sources; such as batteries and lithium batteries; electric drivers; combustion engines, and various equipment found in vehicles.

The combustible load within a tunnel primarily consists of vehicles and trains, as well as any cargo they may be transporting. The combustible materials found in vehicles, including plastics and other materials. The hazards identified should be developed into credible fire scenarios in full consultation with all relevant stakeholders and grouped into one of the following three groups: 1. Design fire scenarios: general fire events for which all fire protection systems in the tunnel are expected to operate to achieve an outcome acceptable to all stakeholders.

2. High challenge design fire scenarios: Fire events with unusual characteristics, such as extra high fire growth rates or particular system failures (these would constitute sensitivity tests in analysis). These scenarios should not result in an outcome that is considered catastrophic.

3. Extreme events: fire events beyond the worst credible scenario that are not for design or analysis.

Additional considerations should include minimising the adverse impact of fires on the environment and minimisation of capital and life cycle costs which should all be captured within a fire strategy for the relevant tunnel which establishes the fire safety systems that are required to provide an acceptable level of safety in case of fire.

LIQUID LEVEL SENSOR Our Liquid Level Sensor automatically provides the thermally compensated weight of the extinguishing agent in the fire suppression system’s cylinders. + High resolution of liquid level

+ Thermally compensated

+ Eliminates errors caused by manual calculations

+ Customizable to match cylinder requirements

+ Provides feedback on-site or remotely of current cylinder levels

+ Direct replacement for current manual measurement device

+ Weight can be displayed at the cylinder, the fire panel, or according to your specifications

Watch our Video

Learn more about the Liquid Level Sensor at tlxfire.com/lls

Other Products for Fire Suppression: Explosion Proof Actuator with Supervision: UL HazLoc, ATEX, and IECEx certified. Acts as its own enclosure.

Supervised Pilot-Operated Solenoid Valve: For preaction and deluge systems. Meets NFPA 13 standards for supervision.

CONTACT US ABOUT YOUR FIRE SUPPRESSION NEEDS.

sales@tlxtech.com | tlxfire.com

LIQUID LEVEL SENSOR

Promotional Feature

Advanced Offers Middle East Versatile UL Fire Safety Solutions With UL 864-approved fire safety systems gaining in popularity in the Middle East, Sargunan Sellamuthu, Business Development Manager at Advanced, explains how the UL- approved Axis AX fire system ticks all the right boxes, offering a solution that suits both large commercial sites and high-rise residential applications, as well as offering vital voice evacuation.

In the Middle East UL fire safety systems are gaining significant popularity as there continues to be a growing awareness and implementation of fire safety measures in the region. When selecting a fire system, it is reassuring to know that it has the versatility to protect both large sites such as shopping centres, schools, universities and hospitals, as well as high-rise residential projects. Fortunately, Advanced’s network systems are fully scalable to suit virtually any application including ‘campus’ style and high-rise style configurations.

For instance, Advanced’s UL 864-approved Axis AX fire system is a versatile fire alarm system that combines addressable panels with audio systems, command centres and a comprehensive range of wired devices including CO detectors to bring you high performance, quality and ease of use. Its powerful networking capabilities, extensive configuration options and comprehensive cause-and-effect programming put end-users in complete control of their fire alarm system.

HIGH CAPACITY What is particularly impressive about the versatility of the Axis AX is that it can deliver fast, reliable, communications from a two-panel network up to a large 200node network. Very few manufacturers can offer the capacity to connect to up to 200 panels. This makes the Axis AX ideal for both small and the very largest applications. For example, Advanced’s Axis AX fire system technology provides fire detection, alarm and control for M Station, the United Arab Emirates’ largest power generation and desalination plant.

The equipment is networked into one of the region’s largest fully automatic fire systems. The 89-node fire panel network includes 46 dual redundant panels in 2m high rack enclosures which means in the

18 Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023

unlikely event one panel fails, another takes over operation automatically and with no user intervention.

AUDIO One of the current trends in the Middle East is that high-rise residential buildings require a fire alarm system with voice evacuation. Fortunately, the flexible Axis AX offers integrated audio for automatic (and manual) fire alarm signalling and live voice paging during emergencies. These features are vitally important for residential buildings since in the Middle East there are many high-rise apartment blocks over 10 floors and it is essential to be able to evacuate the building easily, especially since fire engine evacuation ladders do not extend up to the higher floors.

Axis AX voice evacuation supports16 pre-recorded messages allowing the panel to operate autonomously without interaction to evacuate a building if the fire brigade isn’t present. It offers simple 3-channel audio (evacuate, alert, page), complex multi-channel mass notification and the ability to prioritise an individual message - vital if an evacuation strategy changes in an emergency. If the fire brigade is in attendance, Axis AX provides robust telephone communication channels to ensure maximum safety. The fire and emergency telephone system identifies the location of the field telephone users

during emergencies since users can plug a telephone into an Axis AX fire panel to communicate the situation on a given floor to aid in evacuation.

However, with voice evacuations, problems can sometimes arise if the audio doesn’t sync and people are able to hear multiple messages at once. To solve this the Axis AX range features PerfectSync which ensures audio synchronisation across the entire network to avoid confusion by a mixed message. This includes large networks where it is possible to deliver a clear message from the first panel to the 200th with highly synchronised fast messaging to help people evacuate faster in case of fire. This is ideal for high-rise residential buildings or large shopping centres or universities.

So, with UL-approved fire systems gaining in popularity in the Middle East, customers can be assured that Advanced’s Axis AX offers a comprehensive solution that has the capacity and versatility to suit both large commercial projects and high-rise residential buildings. By choosing the Axis AX customers can have the peace of mind that they meet stringent safety regulations and have complete fire protection.

For further information on Advanced and all our products email: ssellamuthu@advancedco.com or visit: www.advancedco.com

Scan to find out more about our Axis EN range

Advanced Performance.

Wireless Versatility.

Looking for a wireless fire safety system you can trust? Look no further than Advanced.

With our versatile Axis EN wireless range, it’s easy to install robust fire alarm systems whilst saving crucial time and disruption.

Harnessing the power of proven technology, Advanced wireless systems are scalable, adaptable and reliable – for complete fire safety peace of mind.

Creating a safer future Advanced – made in the UK. Trusted around the world.

Contact us to discuss your wireless fire safety requirements: advancedco.com | enquiries@advancedco.com | +44 (0)345 894 7000

Passive fire protection: glazing

Typical pitfalls in implementing fire safety with glazing Anthony Robbins is a well-known author, coach and speaker, who has been inspiring change for many years. One of his famous quotes, reflects abhi chhabra, Global Business Development Manager, Thomas Bell-Wright, is very suitable to define the changing perception of fire safety in the construction industry. “If you do what you’ve always done, you’ll get what you’ve always gotten”.

many shifts in technical regulations and conformity regimes related to fire safety in the construction industry are happening now the world over. For example, countries like India, where the demand of construction has been increasing very fast, is publishing new standards for Fire Rated Glazing. Apart from the two Indian Test Standards of IS 16945 (Fire Resistance Test for Glass Walls) & IS 16947 (Fire Resistance Test for Doors with Glass Panes, Openable Glass Windows and Sliding Glass Windows) another product standard defining Fire Rated Glazing is also in the making.

20 Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023

With the changing regulatory environment around the world, it may look like a daunting task to prepare strategies to buy or sell solutions and equally challenging to work on designs and implementation strategies to build buildings which need to last a couple of decades from now. Read on to learn more about typical pitfalls in implementing fire safety where glazing is involved.

F I R E S A F E TY CH A L L E N G E S I N G L A ZI N G Glass is not a combustible material and it some may think, why is fire safety being discussed for glass? We need to worry about other materials that catch fire, not glass! While this is true, it is also known that glass has moved ahead in building and construction.

It is not just used for making windows and colored glazing for decoration. It has been taking on functions of several other components of buildings.

G L A SS A S TH E B U I L D I N G E X TE R I O R More than half a century ago, taller buildings were built using thick load-bearing walls. Over the past few decades, this has changed drastically. The shifts in building technologies have allowed cities to grow vertically. As the need to build a loadbearing wall has gone away, architects, building owners and cities

Passive fire protection: glazing have revelled in the flexibility, making exterior walls with a large variety of materials…Though initially, all non-structural cladding systems for the external walls of buildings came to be referred to as Curtain Walls. Being nonstructural, these can easily be made of lightweight materials like aluminium-framed wall systems containing infills of glass or metal panels, or other materials like reconstituted stone, etc.

Using glass as the curtain wall also allows natural light and brings down the costs too. The curtain wall systems or façades do not carry any dead-load weight from the building, but only their own. To take on the role of the traditional load-bearing wall, several other materials are added and used. The end result is a “system” designed to resist air and water infiltration and sway by wind and seismic forces acting on the building, along with its own dead-load weight forces. But the thick, load bearing walls were also used to prevent a potential large fire happening incident happening adjacent to the building from entering inside or help create a compartment using the slab-edge and the wall to contain a fire within a given floor. So that the fire could be contained outside or within one floor as a compartment! Hence in some applications the façade or the glass curtain wall needs to act as a fire rated wall in order to contain the fire outside or inside.

Image 1: Facades taking on the functions of load-bearing walls COMPA RTMENTATIO N Simply defined, compartmentation is a key fire protection strategy which attempts to strangulate the fire. In order to design against potential fire incidents growing into large catastrophes, buildings and parts of the buildings are designed to create compartments where a fire could be sealed off where it is initiated. This could be within a room or a set of rooms or a floor such that it moves into other rooms or set of rooms or floor by creating (almost airtight) compartments.

GLA SS A S PA RT O F I N T ERN AL CO M PART M EN TS With the increase in usage, the flexibility of glass has been becoming more popular now, not just among architects and façade engineers, but also among interior finishing building designers and fit-out companies. From the era where it was used as wired glass inside fire doors, to now having complete glazed doors as well as glazed partitions. Glass has increasingly been becoming a key building material for interior usage as well. Of course, this has led to evolution of how to manufacture glazing and glazing systems which can provide containment of a fire several hours.

HOW G L A SS IS TEST ED I N A LAB O RATO RY…

Image 3: Fire resistance of curtain walling full configuration as per European Norms MI SS I N G L I N K S I N I MPL E ME N TATI O N When planning to implement any activity which requires several stakeholders, the experience of knowing what could go wrong is immensely helpful. Learning from past incidences have led to better standards, procurement processes as well as implementation during installation, handover as well as maintenance phases.

DESIGN IS RIGHT Knowing the type of building or occupancy (hospital, mall, offices, etc.) gives an idea of the fire safety readiness of the occupiers and provides baseline rules of how to design for the compartmentation.

This is often the starting point where correct implementation could start slipping and where confirmation of the compartmentation requirements begin. Do we need the compartmentation for one hour? Two or three? It is here at the design stage where the designers and specifiers should also be aware of how the systems needed are designed and how they need to be evaluated in different ways.

As an example, the exterior application of glazing can have several combinations, and assessing them has evolved well. The European approach of testing takes on several permutations of possible combinations on the testing side. This an explanation of the variations that need to be factored in when considering to test or take decisions based on the evidence available.

To understand the relationship between the test methods of EN 1364-3 and EN 1364-4, you could use this as a guide or refer back to previous FME articles.

The American approach uses standard test methods and passes on the evaluation of different combinations and usage to certification and listing bodies. Here are the commonly used methods in the American Building codes and others internationally like the Saudi Building Codes: • UL9 - Standard for Fire Tests of Window Assemblies • NFPA 251: Standard Methods of Tests of Fire Resistance of Building Construction and Materials • ANSI/UL 263, the Standard for Safety of Fire Tests of Building Construction Materials • NFPA 257: Standard on Fire Test for Window and Glass Block Assemblies Several other regions which evolve as jurisdictions; continue to evolve the test methods. Like the standards in South Africa (SANS 10177 – 2: Fire Resistance) or in India where recently two standards were published • IS 16947: Fire Resistance Tests for Doors with Glass Panes, Openable Glass Windows and Sliding Glass Doors • IS 16945: Fire Resistance Test for Glass Walls CO MPL I A N CE The moment these requirements are set, there is a need to define how to specify the process by which the procurer will procure this, the installer will install this and the inspector will verify the specifications with the installation.

Missing words in technical specifications and procurement contracts can turn a small fire incident (which was quickly brought under control) in to a major catastrophe leading to irreversible loss of life and property.

Image 2: Fire resistance of loadbearing walls

Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023 21

Passive fire protection: glazing

Image 4 : Combinations and considerations during a glazing fire test

Image 5: European approach of testing Curtain Walls Here is a typical specification document and inset of how traceability is etched on the glass.

The word “tested”, is difficult for procurers, as they will only rely on an evidence of the test report which does not provide the information on how the sample that reached a given laboratory was manufactured and where it came from. It just provides the evidence of the result. It does not give any link between that result and what is being procured. And hence it opens a lot of possible short-cuts to getting the evidence needed to get a contract.

Image 6 : Typical specifications and an Inset from the web This is often the key missing link. We got what you asked for. But a simple test report cannot provide any assurance of what is being received at the construction site.

Adding the words of “traceable and verifiable using certification and listing” provides the correct way of measuring the supplier’s capability to provide the evidence which can be inspected.

IN S TALLATIO N & INSPE C T I O N When investigating large fire accidents one of the most common gaps discovered were: We procured what you specified and we installed the way we thought was appropriate as there was nothing defined.

The “web of blame” presented by the chief lawyer for the Grenfell Tower tragedy Inquiry (Large Fire accident in 2017 in England), Richard Millett KC 22 Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023

Image 7 : Web of Blame by Richard Millett KC (Chief Lawyer for the Grenfell Tragedy) When the specifications and procurement contracts are clear and air-tight there is little room for passing the blame. They also help in defining responsibilities and liabilities accurately.

As the need for has been increasing the industry, professionals have evolved Standard Methods of Installation, as well as published Standard Methods on installation can be inspected to assess traceability of materials which is received on construction sites. See the inset on Image 6, from the internet show how the traceability is marked on the glass, making it inspectable.

CO N CLU S I O N To deliver fire safety where glazing is used, it is critical to know key gaps that have led to tragedies in the past. As countries and business have been increasingly assessing past accidents; doling out large fines for past negligence, the responsibilities of stakeholders are being defined more clearly. Hence, it is becoming more important to understand and correctly used the tools available to define liability as well as use services of third-party assurance to reduce these liabilities.

Correctly worded and referenced standards provide the tools to complete assurance and quantifying liability. Below are some key learnings • Understand the limitations of test reports. Test reports only prove capability of someone being able to produce a sample for a test. Test reports alone are not proof of what will be supplied.

• Understand the tools of certification and listing that provide traceability check on materials. Use this knowledge in specifications and decisions: Pre-tender & Post tender.

Previdia The firefighting range for complete protection of buildings The analog addressable control panels of the Previdia series are designed to create a scalable, intuitive and extremely reliable fire detection system.

The latest generation connection technologies allow the supervision and complete control of the fire prevention system remotely.

Flexible fire sprinkler systems

Flexible growth and acceptance Invented before the turn of the 20th century, flexible metal hoses have been utilised in a wide range of industries and applications, however, in the past 10 years, the fire sprinkler industry has experienced significant growth and adoption of these products for a wide range of applications. In his most recent article, len swantek, Director – Global Regulatory Compliance, Victaulic, describes the features and advantages these products afford over traditional hard pipe sprinkler connections.

the pioneering inspiration behind the original concept of a metal hose - providing flexible, leak-tight, reliable and corrosionresistant conveyance of fluid - is as relevant today as it was over one hundred years ago, particularly when considering the life safety and property protection aspects that modern fire sprinkler systems are expected to provide. Beginning in the 1980s, the first flexible sprinkler hoses were introduced in Japan. Arising from a need to accommodate seismic movement and absorb the damaging stresses at steel pipe joints and other components in the system induced by large and rapid displacements, flexible hoses were used to connect fire sprinklers to their supply lines in lieu of traditional threaded steel pipe. Since then, the inherent mechanical benefits, together with ease and speed of installation, have driven a significant surge in the popularity and use of these products. This has resulted in the adoption, specification and installation of flexible sprinkler hoses in fire sprinkler systems globally.

F LE XI B LE SPRINKL ER H O SES VS. H ARD P I P E Initially, many considered flexible sprinkler hoses to be weak and ineffective compared to traditional hard-pipe assemblies. However, the adoption rate of flexible sprinkler hoses replacing hard pipe arm-overs has rapidly increased in recent years and will continue as the installation and performance benefits are fully realised. While the reasons for the rapid increase in popularity have been largely focused on the labour savings and markedly improved project completion rates, there are also several critical performance and safety benefits flexible sprinkler hoses provide over traditional steel pipe.

Foundations settle and ceilings can shift and sag over time.

This presents a problem for the threaded hard pipe arm-over, specifically with respect to the sprinkler position in relation to the ceiling surface. By code, hard piping is required to be anchored to the building structure separate from the ceiling structure. Because

24 Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023

The effects of sprinkler de-coupling with hard pipe due to ceiling sag over time.

of this de-coupling between the pipe and ceiling, the sprinkler elevation relative to the finished ceiling surface cannot always be guaranteed to remain constant over the life of the building. Under an extreme “sagging” condition of the ceiling surface, a sprinkler can become excessively recessed above the ceiling surface over time, potentially to an installed condition considered to be outside its agency listing and/or approval.

What this really means is that in the event of a fire, the sprinkler’s operational response time and spray pattern characteristics would be severely impacted, thereby allowing the fire to grow unchecked in the affected area. In the most severe condition, the activated sprinkler may actually be discharging water above the ceiling inside the concealed space. In contrast, a flexible sprinkler hose is required (by code, its listings and installation instructions) to be securely attached with an anchoring bracket to the ceiling’s structural elements, such as suspended “T-grid” ceiling channels or wood/metal joists or studs. This positive bracket attachment to the ceiling structure ensures the elevation of the sprinkler in relation to the ceiling surface remains consistent over time. The inherent “adjustability” of the flexible hose also accommodates the expansion, contraction, and settlement of the ceiling structure, preserving the designed operational response and water distribution characteristics of the sprinkler.

Additionally, due to their inherent properties and required installation designs, flexible sprinkler hoses provide a greater level of performance in seismic events than hard pipe. In a 2011 report by the US Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA E-74: Reducing the Risks of Nonstructural Earthquake Damage – A Practical Guide, it was noted that fire sprinklers, attached to hard

Flexible fire sprinkler systems

piping, can often be damaged during a seismic event. Because of the de-coupling of the hard pipe and ceiling structure, the seismic forces on these systems exert differing accelerations, result in collisions, and ultimately induce severe damage compromising the fire sprinkler system’s post-seismic performance capability.

In the FEMA report, one of the recommendations to bolster seismic performance is to use flexible sprinkler hoses because they provide a measure of stress relief to help reduce the likelihood of damage to fire sprinklers and ceilings. Further supporting this recommendation, several recent revisions to NFPA 13: Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, recognise the seismic capability of flexible sprinkler hoses, allowing their use in lieu of providing large clearances around sprinkler ceiling penetrations.

R EG U L ATO RY TEST I N G AN D C ERT I FI C AT I O N Over the past decade, industry-leading independent approval agencies worldwide have developed standards governing the performance and manufacturing requirements of flexible sprinkler hoses and their anchoring brackets. While each of these standards are somewhat different in test methodologies, flexible sprinkler hoses with UL, FM, VdS, LPCB and CCCf Listings and Approvals, have met some of the most rigorous testing protocols required of a fire sprinkler system product. With an average of 16 distinct performance tests between them, the requirements in these standards [UL 2443: Flexible Sprinkler Hose with Fittings for Fire Protection Service, FM CL-1637: Approval Standard for Flexible Sprinkler Hose With Threaded End Fittings, LPS 1261: Requirements for Testing Flexible Hoses for Sprinkler Systems and GB 5136-16: Flexible Sprinkler Hose with Fittings] include accelerated corrosion tests, high pressure activation and flow tests, long-term heat aging tests, hydrostatic pressure tests including water hammer, fatigue flexibility tests, low temperature tests, and an extensive series of vibration tests, among others.

During initial type-testing of a design being evaluated for agency certification, each model of flexible sprinkler hose and its anchoring bracket is subjected to a series of controlled vibrations at varying frequencies and displacements. Connected to a branch-pipe and anchored to simulated ceiling grid structures, the flexible sprinkler hose assembly is subjected to a total of 90 hours of vibration cycles in each of three-dimensional axis from 18 to 37 Hertz and at a maximum displacement of about 1/8 inch.

Following the vibrational fatigue condition, the hose assembly must pass hydrostatic pressure tests to multiple times the rated working pressure without leakage. Additionally, flexible sprinkler hoses are subjected to cyclical fatigue tests, “U-bending” a hose at its minimum allowable bend radius upwards of 50,000 times, and again must pass hydrostatic pressure tests without leakage at several times its rated working pressure in order to be certified by the governing agencies.

Extensive vibration testing in 3-axis evaluates fatigue of the component connections.

To meet additional requirements established by the regulatory agencies, all manufacturers are required to conduct factory pressure tests on 100% of their flexible sprinkler hose production.

These tests are intended to ensure leak-tight performance at a pressure of up to twice the flexible hose rating. Also, random samples are required to be taken at periodic intervals to perform additional required quality checks, such as hydrostatic burst testing, elongation under hydrostatic pressure, and dimensional checks.

At the manufacturer’s discretion, this may also include random testing of chemistry and micro-hardness of the tube and braiding to ensure it meets the required level of material quality and process consistency.

Similar to other listed and certified fire protection products, the regulatory agencies conduct periodic audits at each manufacturer’s production facilities. Agency auditors inspect records of the mandatory production testing, compare product drawings with actual production parts, verify the listing and certification markings are applied correctly, and conduct an overall survey of the manufacturing process. Additionally, the packaging, instructions and marketing literature are also reviewed to ensure all are being applied correctly and are compliant with the manufacturer’s internal procedures. All of this activity is designed to ensure flexible sprinkler hoses and anchoring brackets are consistently produced to the manufacturer’s specifications and continuously meet the performance levels defined by the agency’s standards.

LO N G TE R M PE R F O R MA N C E Today, there are a wide range of flexible sprinkler hose models, coupled with an equally large selection of brackets, fittings and other accessories, available for a broad range of building and construction types, system designs and water delivery requirements. Flexible sprinkler hoses not only install faster than hard-pipe, but more importantly they are able to accommodate ceiling shifts and sagging over time, ensuring sprinklers remain at their original installed elevation, in addition to providing superior performance over hard-piping in a seismic event. When manufactured using robust quality systems, subject to periodic audits, and carrying global product certifications, flexible sprinkler hoses can help ensure sprinkler systems remain reliably in service and ready to provide their full rated fire suppression capability in any critical event. As building owners, insurance underwriters, regulatory agencies and authorities-having-jurisdiction all require an increasingly high level of performance, safety and reliability of a fire sprinkler system throughout its life, these products have become an easy choice in meeting all these requirements.

Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023 25

Save Time On Installation With REACH Wireless

Designed to make installation and commissioning quicker and easier, REACH Wireless is Apollo’s latest hybrid-wireless solution.

Scan the QR Code to explore how REACH Wireless can make installing a new fire detection system easier than ever.

“REACH Wireless has been designed to make extending an Apollo wired loop effortless. With an easy-to-use survey kit - REACH Wireless is FLEXIBLE + RELIABLE + PRACTICAL”

FOR MORE INFORMATION VISIT: APOLLO-FIRE.CO.UK/REACH

apollo-fire.co.uk

Offshore fire safety

Learning from the mistakes of others When we talk of fire safety on any offshore installation it is difficult to escape the spectre of the Piper Alpha Oil Right Disaster in 1988, where a communications oversight coupled with issues in safety culture and a mechanical failure caused a fire which killed 165 of the 226 rig workers, as well as two of the rescue team. The disaster’s legacy can be felt globally, not just in the offshore oil and gas industry, but in shipping too. Its example is used for crisis management and accident prevention training the world over, but it also showed that learning from the mistakes of others and working together as a global community can save lives too.

TWO ACC I D E NTS O N Norwegian oil rigs had previously seen an

inquiry make many recommendations, including a change from prescriptive to risk-based legislation. After the Piper Alpha disaster 106 safety measures were implemented in the UK petroleum industry, 105 of these had already been implemented in Norway following the capsize of the Alexander Kielland rig in 1980. In more recent years mistakes have been repeated, and we’ve seen BP pleading guilty to manslaughter and paying billions in fines and

clean-up costs, as well as agreeing to government monitoring of its safety practices and ethics, after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster. Thankfully years of experience and governance has made these kinds of catastrophic events rare, but fire still poses a risk to all on board offshore installations.

As well as obvious environmental problems from oil spills, firefighting and prevention offshore poses unique challenges, not just on oil rigs, but for many other examples of offshore installations such as wind farms, aquaculture, offshore solar farms, and science research platforms. While these don’t have the added hazard of high-pressure oil and gas lines with a potentially unlimited supply connected to them, there are still unique challenges in each of these situations. Many of these installations are for the most part unmanned apart from visiting maintenance crews, but visits are hazardous.

In 2013 two young mechanics lost their lives when a fire broke out in the nacelle where four of them were performing routine maintenance. Two of the mechanics survived by jumping through the flames, but the other two were pictured on top of the burning turbine with no means of escape. While this happened at an onshore installation, the prospect of it happening again, at sea, are no less troublesome. Over 90% of wind turbine fires occur in the nacelle where the majority of the turbines mechanics and equipment is housed. Which electrical malfunction and mechanical overheating are second on the list of causes, the main cause of fire in wind turbines is a lightning strike, and while it’s impossible to

Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023 27

Offshore fire safety

stop this happening, there are ways of reducing the spread of the fire with passive fire protection. Some examples of passive fire protection of wind turbines are: choosing non-combustible materials during construction specifically in the nacelle using non-combustible hydraulic and lubrication oils compartmentalising the nacelle installing lightning protection systems installing systems to monitor the conditions of components/ equipment Working in conjunction with active, rapid detection systems and quick acting fire suppression systems using solid aerosol-forming compounds can help to reduce the spread and extinguish fires where no hose is able to reach, and the height of the turbine makes pumping or storing water almost impossible. But these suppression systems are reliant on an electrical impulse to activate them, meaning they need to be activated quickly before a fire can disrupt the electrical supply. Additionally, all wind turbine workers (similar to all seafarers) must undergo basic training, which includes fire awareness and work at height courses which includes emergency escape procedures and devices.

In addition to Offshore windfarms, many offshore solar PV farms are being built. Generally, the fire risks with PV energy generation are quite low, but these new energy generating platforms have to deal with constant movement from tides, wind and waves which their onshore counter parts don’t undergo.

There is a risk here of fires being caused by cable damage, due to the friction of cables rubbing together and wearing away the outer sheathing, or metal fatigue from constant bending. As well as cables being properly installed by fixing them in place to prevent bending, rubbing and pinching, angle rollers can be used in places where this isn’t possible. As with wind turbines, the possibility of lightning strike is high, but surge protection using PV boxes can help protect from this, and the potential fires it can cause. Once again people maintaining these platforms are at risk if they are present if a fire breaks out, however without the added hazard of extreme height, escape and rescue is much easier for them. With very little combustible material onboard, and being so close to the water, the bigger risk to them would be from insufficient or incorrect earthing of the platform.

28 Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023

Other types of industry than energy production is beginning to see the benefit of offshore installations. Norway and China have been working together to develop offshore aquaculture in an effort to keep up with the rising demand for seafood, while attempting to find a solution which will prevent the over-fishing of wild fish stocks. The aquacultures are run by up to 7 people, all of whom live and work aboard the platform for a period of 14 days before being relieved or resupplied. As well as living quarters, control room and power generators, the structure contains scientific equipment for monitoring the fish and automated harvesting – in this way they are similar to oil rigs and ships, where the crew live onboard at sea and must undergo basic training with regards to firefighting and adhere to strict guidelines and laws.

All oil platforms are required by law to have gas and flame detectors as well as automated fire sprinkler systems which use sea water to douse a fire before it spreads, and this would also apply to these aquaculture rigs. Similarly, they must have lifeboats as a means of escape should the platform need to be abandoned. With the aquaculture rig open to the stresses of the open sea like the solar PV arrays, and with so many electrical systems similar techniques for fire mitigation with regards to cabling can be used.

But, it is in the oil and gas industry where we see large numbers of workers in a high risk environment becoming casualties. All oil and gas rigs are fitted with blowout prevention devices (BOPs), this is designed to stop oil and gas coming back up to the rig during an emergency situation. BOPs are designed to compress the pipe, or cut it should the need arise. This action is what failed on the Deepwater Horizon, compressing the pipe resulted in it becoming bent inside the BOP, which then caused the cutting mechanism to fail. Since the disaster companies have developed BOPs featuring electrically powered shear rams rather than hydraulic ones, which can achieve a 2 million lb closing force.

If the worse does happen and a large fire breaks out on an oil or gas rig, as well as automated extinguishing through fire sprinklers, other control measures are in place, such as fire compartments and blast compartments which are designed to contain explosions and prevent fire spreading further by containing the fire for a period normally of 2 hours. The blast compartments have to been impact resistant too, if a blowout does occur it can send parts of heavy machinery and shrapnel flying, and damage to the fire and blast control measures intrinsic to the compartment, on Piper Alpha the first explosion broke a fire wall and dislodged panels, which ruptured a small condensate pipe and created another fire.

Many products have now been developed to withstand these forces, including Promat’s composite panel of fibre reinforced cement with punched steel sheets mechanically bonded to both outer surfaces, which is lightweight and resistant to hydrocarbon fire, blast, impact, water, and corrosion – making it idea for oil rig application.

On both Deepwater Horizon and Piper Alpha there were issues with alarm systems. On Piper Alpha the alarm control panel was destroyed in the initial explosion, and no back up meant that alarms couldn’t be sounded to warn the crew. While changes in system design mean that a back-up alarm system is in place if the main system is destroyed, on Deepwater Horizon however, alarms had been switched off to spare workers being woken by false alarms.

Alarms being disabled would also be shown to be part of the cause of another oil rig disaster, this time on shore, in Oklahoma. Five rig workers died due to “significant lapses in good safety practices”, including not one but two concurrent drill operatives electing to switch off alarms during the removal of a drillbit.

Clearly a lot has been developed to prevent and control offshore fires, from new technologies, improvements of old ones, and the development of stringent regulation and guidelines, but if the same mistakes are being repeated and causing deaths, then a change in safety culture within the industry is needed before it can be held up as the standard to which new types of offshore industry should aspire to.

Scan the QR code to download our leaflet.

Whatever your fire protection challenge, Advanced brings you unrivalled solutions Effectively protecting people and property from fire can be complex. Advanced simplifies the challenge without compromising on safety.

Whether you need powerful networking, smoke control and fire audio for large-scale UL projects; extinguishing control and fire system redundancy for critical sites; or fast, fuss-free EN solutions for smaller, wireless installations, Advanced brings you fire safety peace of mind.

Creating a safer future Advanced – made in the UK. Trusted around the world.

Contact Sasi Kumar, Commercial Manager, to discuss your needs: skumar@advancedco.com | +44 (0)345 894 7000

Climate change

COP28 pathway for Fire Services CAPTAIN ABDULAZIZ MOHAMMED illustrates how the Abu

Dhabi Civil Defense Authority is approaching the enduring and emerging challenges of climate change.

the presidency of the twenty-eighth session of the Conference of the Parties (COP28) has called for governments and key stakeholders to take assertive actions to combat climate change and ensure they are implemented. Fire brigades around the world have been severely impacted by the number of frequent, extreme, climate events requiring large scale preparedness to support community resilience and stability and the Abu Dhabi Civil Defense Authority (ADCD), recognises the vital role that fire authorities across the globe must address in tackling these challenges. They should ensure their responsibility towards this through three key aspects: an accelerated adaptation of its policies to protect the environment when responding to incidents an urgency towards enhancing its preparedness for anything the local climate may produce the empowerment of its firefighters in encouraging innovations and entrepreneurship aligned to climate change actions across all sectors.

To achieve real transformation in all these aspects, the ADCD recognises the importance of taking part in COP28 in order to

30 Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023

assist in shaping the outcome of this critical conference and to help mitigate future threats. It will take part in the two-week thematic programme from 30th November – 12th December 2023, designed to unite diverse government and nongovernment entities in bridging the gaps of the Paris Agreement and limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius by 2050.

The ADCD amongst other national entities in the UAE responded to three major disasters just this year across four countries of the MENA region: earthquakes in Morocco and Syria and flooding, caused by extreme rainfall in Libya, all of which demonstrate real evidence of severe events caused by climate change and these are becoming increasingly more devastating and frequent. Climate change events being experienced in many vulnerable countries are driving policymakers to find ways to limit the increase in global warming and emergency services will be dispatched to mitigate these risks. This requires them to determine proactive and reactive measures to enable safer communities.

COP28 will provide the opportunity for emergency services worldwide to get involved with other sectors in directing future investments and allocating them to renewable technologies to strengthen climate strategies.

To deliver this ambitious COP28 agenda, fire brigades aligned with other government and non-government sectors have taken on responsibilities to assess climate measures. The question raised here is the fire services or the emergency medical technician services (EMT) involved with the international effort to tackle the climate change crises. To demonstrate solidarity to the cause, the UAE has become the region’s first country to consider ratification of the Paris Agreement and announce its decarbonisation strategy; a plan which requires significant change in the application and standards within its fire and EMT services.

Climate change

Increasing occurrences of extreme weather, rising sea levels, water availability issues and intense wildfire risks will deepen implications for firefighters in terms of increasingly unsafe working conditions. COP28 will include thematic discussion in its plan, such as the ‘Energy and Industry’ forum, which will allow fire services to determine action plans for heavy industrial emitters in the transition phase for renewable energy and greater energy efficiency. These thematic discussions will put a spotlight on both enduring and emerging climate challenges in order to bring all sectors together and drive an effective and interconnected solution delivery.

There is an increasingly pressing need for fire services globally to be included in government initiatives and to drive the recognition that climate change is not just a future event; it is already happening now. Inevitable change will occur via the adaption of current climate transition policies in the MENA’s regional capitals and beyond, along with a move towards a lower carbon economy and new market investment in this area. Consequently, the declaration of a new internal climate strategy is a clear initial signal to the fire service that they must transition towards becoming a more climate resilient community.

Climate resilience can be enabled through collaboration with other government entities and via the application of proactive new measures including updated standards and codes to mitigate against the devastating aftermath of environment emergencies.

Emergency services such as the ADCD have dedicated countless hours to this cause while responding to recent disasters in the MENA region and this incremental, evolving threat has required attention to enable a re-evaluation of the risks and to put policies in place to minimise the impact on communities, more so than ever before. The unpredictable frequency and intensity of climate driven incidents has led to the implementation of the second key aspect - to enhance

Innovating flow testing for 30 years You’re always looking for the best of the best in flow testing equipment. With three decades of relentless innovation, Hose Monster has elevated flow testing to higher levels than ever before. Equip yourself with the best tools in the industry, trusted by fire protection leaders for 30 years. Visit HoseMonster.com to learn more!

the region’s preparedness. This has occurred simultaneously alongside the empowerment of emergency responders in involving government and nongovernment initiatives in considering the disproportionate risk that climate change poses to fire fighters in influencing the safety of their working conditions.

Uniting our adaptation plans and strategies with the international effort at COP28 is certainly a positive trajectory towards protecting vulnerable communities and ensuring sustainable prosperity for future generations to come.

Air supply

Improving emergency response M ARK FESSENDEN , director of Industry Relations, Johnson

Controls and president of the Firefighter Air Coalition explores five ways Firefighter Air Replenishment Systems improve emergency response in tall buildings.

th e aver age Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) is designed to provide oxygen for up to one hour1. However, most seasoned firefighters will tell you the capacity is often less, as breathing becomes heavier during high-stress situations. To counteract this limitation, firefighters often hand-carry extra air canisters to ensure access to safe breathing air. This process can slow fire attack response times – an issue that is especially critical in tall buildings where every second counts.

The International Code Council (ICC) Fire Code Action Committee (FCAC) has recommended the use of Firefighter Air Replenishment Systems (FARS) in commercial buildings. These standpipe systems deliver healthy breathing air to designated fill stations strategically located throughout a building. The integration of FARS replaces the slow, labor-intensive hand-delivery of replenishment air so firefighters can focus on fire attack and search and rescue operations.

FARS code adoptions are increasing in the United States and the technology could eventually be adopted in other areas of the world.

This makes it important to understand what FARS are, how they work and how they can help improve fire safety in tall buildings.

HOW A FARS WO RKS The system requires a dedicated air supply source, which is typically a high-capacity air compressor or air storage system. Air

can be stored on-site or supplied by a fire department’s mobile air unit. The FARS distribution network consists of a series of stainlesssteel pipes that can run vertically or horizontally.

In high-rise buildings, fill stations are typically placed in stairwells, where firefighters ascend and descend a building.

Firefighters can activate the system by connecting their SCBA bottles to the fill station outlets using tubing that is contained inside the fill panel. The system is designed to refill a SCBA in up to two minutes while the firefighter remains protected under full respiration. A FARS also includes an air monitoring system that tracks pressure levels and air quality.

L I F E S A F E TY B E N E F I TS O F FA R S I N TA L L B U I L D I N G S Equipping tall buildings with FARS can provide several important benefits for firefighters, occupants, and building owners: 1. Increased firefighter endurance: High-rise buildings require firefighters to remain in the building for longer periods of time compared to smaller structures. Installing FARS within the stairwells allows firefighters to remain on-site and refill SCBA bottles as they move through the building.

2. Faster fire suppression: With a FARS in place, firefighters can refill their air cylinders and quickly return to fighting the fire. This improves firefighters’ on-scene time, increasing the speed with which they can suppress the flames.

3. Enhanced occupant safety: A FARS helps ensure firefighters have a readily available and continuous supply of breathing air throughout their operations. Lack of ready access to air will slow down critical fire attack operations, like search and rescue. A FARS also helps fire personnel who would normally serve as a “bottle brigade” divert their time towards search and rescue efforts.

4. Reduced property damage: Fast, efficient air re-supply contributes to faster fire suppression and containment. The faster the fire can be controlled and extinguished, the lower the amount of property damage and the faster a property can be rehabbed.

5. Improved relationship with fire departments: Implementing FARS demonstrates a commitment to supporting community safety, as well as local fire departments and their firefighters.

Fire safety is particularly complex within tall buildings. A FARS can benefit both firefighters and building owners while protecting occupants and communities from the potentially devastating impacts of high-rise building fires. By providing firefighters with ready access to safe breathing air, a FARS enables faster response times, improved occupant safety and increased time spent actively attacking fires.

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “Respirator Fact Sheet” (2020) https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/factsheets/respfact.html

32 Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023

IFSM

Certification & competency

Passport to Fire Safety

How to Apply Members from outside the UK are invited to use he online application form to apply for either Tier 2 or Tier 3. Full guidance details can be found at www.ifsm.org.uk/fire-risk-assessors/

ier 2 Application - Non-UK

Dr Bobinclude Docherty, MD of Flame Risk he application should the following:

Safety Solutions Ltd. & President of tage 1 ubmission for review and assessment of two fire the Institute of Fire Safety Managers isk assessments that the Applicant has recently arried out

tage 2 A few years ago, I was reading an article and roof of achievement and a pass in a recognised then listening to an old national qualification which is equivalent to a fire Levelengineering 3 (or above) award in Fire Riskcolleague Assessment /of Firemine. Paul Bryant. friend and afety (this award must have ‘accredited’ in the in many Paul and I have beenstatus involved ountry that the Fire Risk Assessor is operating in).

debates, both practical and conceptual, over many years on all kinds of issues ier 3 Application - Non-UKfire safety. These have ranged regarding An Applicant for entry ontorisk the NAFRAR Tier 3 from fire assessments (FRA) in complex Non-UK Register will provide proof that they have buildings, fire engineering design, and fire been individually certified, accredited or validated strategies and strategic thinking. s a competent Fire Risk Assessor by a third-party ccreditation/certification body.

The application Paul has written many papers and hould include the following: delivered several presentations to tage 1 organisations including the Institute of Fire ubmission for review and assessment of two Fire Safety Managers, and he shared with me Risk Assessments that the Applicant has recently arried out in line with the of high risk a paper hedefinition had written about his concept nd complex buildings, and, of Holistic Fire Engineer (HFE). I was tage 2 fascinated by the concept, and it resonated roof of achievement and a pass in a recognised with an idea I had been national qualification which is equivalent to a toying with for a evel 4 (or above) in Fire fewaward years.

OnRisk theAssessment back of this came the Fire Safety (this award must have ‘accredited’ Grenfell Tower fire in the United Kingdom tatus in the country that the Fire Risk Assessor is operating in). and Dame Judith Hackitt’s review of Building Regulations and fire safety (DJH)

Reviews and cross matching of qualification quivalencies will be carried out by experienced xaminers who are certified competent third-party ccredited Fire Risk Assessors. Specialist examiners with knowledge of the Applicant’s country of operation will34 be used necessary.

Firewhere Middle East Magazine • October 2023

in the UK and this mentioned the ‘Golden Thread’ concept of somehow capturing the history of a building from its first conception through its building and life use and on to its demolition. This got me thinking again!

There have been many attempts to try and improve both the competence and knowledge in fire safety for those who are in the industry and also the processes that are involved in both new build and refurbished/altered buildings. If I cast my mind back far enough, I remember the Bickerdike Allen and Partners Report (1990) in the UK which looked specifically at the interaction of the agencies that are involved in the design and development of new building projects, the delays in the process.

It also looked at the technical and practical skills of those involved in the industry and the training requirements needed to ensure advice and information given was successfully interpreted and acted upon. Today, I would suspect we would call this review a ‘Gap Analysis’ – and it did find some very big gaps!

One of the outcomes of this report was the production of the National Core Curriculum in Fire Studies. This was going to be the ‘Central Plank’ of all building fire safety, a curriculum that could be inserted into many higher education courses, including degrees, across the whole of the building sector, from architects to surveyors, building control to fire engineers, and yet for most of those sectors, it didn’t happen. Nearly everyone ignored it apart from a few like- minded people, mainly from the Institute of Fire Engineers and the Institute of Fire Safety who used it dutifully and diligently to carve the academic pathway to the recognised fire engineering and fire safety degrees that are available now throughout the world.

Since then, there has been the introduction of totally new pieces of fire safety legislation, codes, and standards globally. I think one of the most common themes that come out of these is the move from a prescriptive to a more risk based (assessment) approach and, added together with the philosophy of functional requirements of many Building Regulations

IFSM

and codes, make up the modern-day approach.

So, from this background and introduction, I ask the question, ‘how hard is it for fire engineers, fire consultants, fire risk assessors et al to follow the fire safety history of a building from its concept to reality?’. The question might be rhetorical I know, but in practical terms, I would say it is hard because there is no formal ‘basket of fire safety information and goodies’ always available, and if there is, then more often than not, it’s incomplete and/or not kept up to date. And yet, it surely must be a fundamental principle of all things fire safety that the design and build and any subsequent changes and alterations to a building must be recorded and referenced!

I could go all anecdotal here, but this is not the point of this article, we all have our tales and ‘nightmare scenarios’ but I want to use this opportunity to propose what I think is a pathway that needs to be taken so we can move on in a more rational and formalised way.

The process I suggest will work for both new and existing buildings and last for the whole lifetime of that building.

Let’s take a building that is just built and is now occupied.

We have an accumulated pile of documents such as: • As built plans • Fire strategy • Preliminary fire risk assessments or similar • Evacuation strategy • Fire protection passive and active information • Fire risk assessment or similar • Operations manuals This is the point where I set my proposal.

I have thought about the history of ourselves as individuals. We do have a lot of information points in our lives but one which carries, I would suggest, the most data on ourselves is our passport. We need to update it and renew it on occasions, and it records our travel activities, so what about a passport to fire safety for a building? Ok, it doesn’t move but we need to have an identity for it, record information and activities of importance about it, and update it from time to time, especially information to do with fire safety.

I would propose that every building that is built, including dwelling-houses and apartments, should have a ‘Passport to Fire Safety’. The passport would be a regulatory provision, every building would need one and it would contain all the information that is listed above.

The information in the passport would be updated, added to, record changes of use, changes in fire strategy, re-design etc.

The Passport to Fire Safety would stay with the building throughout its life, this is the ‘Golden Thread’ that DJH talked about and suggested. If this could be done, then the whole fire safety history of the building would be a matter of record.

There would be no more searching for clues or trying to second guess, or ‘back engineer’ why the fire strategy of a building looks like it does, or why it was built in such a way! It would become a set of records and information that could be referred to by future architects, fire and rescue personnel, fire risk assessors, fire engineers and anyone else who might get involved in the evolution of the building over its life history.

THE REVOLUTIONARY BATTERY TOOL SERIES With the new SMART FORCE series, we herald a digital revolution in the rescue tool market. More speed, a powerful MILWAUKEE M18TM High OutputTM batterypack, intuitive design and numerous Smart Features packed into a robust and underwater capable housing.

More than a rescue tool!

Visit us at Intersec Dubai, UAE 17 – 19 January 2024 German Pavilion, 3-D27

WEBINARS If you are looking to engage and present your products to senior decision makers across the Middle East region, a hosted Webinar is the perfect platform to bring your products, services or ideas to market

FIRE MIDDLE EAST WEBINARS This is your company’s opportunity to directly engage with senior decision-makers and generate new enquiries by delivering thought leadership presentations.

Utilise Fire Middle East’s webinar platform to reap the benefits…

In 2022 our webinars had: • 1000+ attendees • 10,000+ registration page hits • Over 10 hours of educational video uploaded to our dedicated YouTube channel • Confirmed converted sales enquiries following webinar sessions

www.firemiddleeastmag.com

Contact Ryan Bickerton for more information Ryan@firemiddleeast.co.uk 01752 265802 www.firemiddleeastmag.com/webinars

Hydrock was founded in 1995 by its Chief Executive Officer Dr Brian McConnell, a highly respected geologist, who quickly established the company’s reputation for innovation in land remediation and development. Based in Bristol, Brian (and the rest of the Hydrock board) has created a 950 strong, multi-disciplinary engineering consultancy spread over 20 offices in the UK through organic growth and strategic acquisitions over the last 28 years.

Culture Hydrock has a unique culture. It prides itself on being a great place to work, putting staff wellbeing first. Healthy living bonuses, flexible working and days off for good causes are just a few of the benefits that have resulted in consistently high rankings in the ‘Best Companies to Work For’ listings over the last 15 years.

Brian created Hydrock’s values in the company’s early years, setting them around a spirit of bold entrepreneurism, humility and teamwork that still serves the company well in the present era. Staff regularly go the extra mile to deliver technical excellence to clients on a daily basis.

The bedrock of Hydrock’s success is the close internal collaboration between its technical disciplines and a platinum list of global clients. However, despite its size, Hydrock has the responsiveness to quickly react to market trends and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves and staff will step forward to challenges where others step back, an attitude that makes Hydrock an exciting place to work.

Hydrock’s approach is to lead from the front, treating everyone the same regardless of their position in the business and to encourage a one-team approach where everyone works together for the greater good.

Purpose Hydrock is a leading British-owned engineering design, energy and sustainability consultancy, which aims to bring sustainable solutions to major infrastructure projects and landmark buildings. The company is dedicated to helping to create places that inspire, respect the environment, and deliver value for users, owners and investors.

Above all, Hydrock’s purpose is to be a force for good, shaping places, communities and infrastructure of which everyone can be proud. The company encourages thinking positively, creatively, sustainably and commercially about the built environment.

Demonstrating this forward-looking approach, Hydrock has analysed the opportunity for recycling waste heat from edge data centres into community district heating schemes and we’ve stressed the opportunities offered by vertical farming in the context of re-imagined city centre environments.

It’s this type of thinking and smart engineering that helps our clients address the future with confidence.

Image Credit: AHR

38 Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023

Commitment to Fire Safety Hydrock’s Fire Safety Division was founded in January 2017 by Kevin McKeown, a chartered fire engineer with

Credit: AHR

So what does Hydrock do?

Hydrock operates across all of the traditional engineering disciplines including MEP, civils and structures, infrastructure, transport and geotechnical engineering. It also has a nuclear division working on some of the largest reactor projects in the UK. The business provides multidisciplinary engineering consultancy across many sectors, including commercial, data centres, defence, education, energy, healthcare, industrial, leisure and retail, logistics and distribution, nuclear, public sector and retail.

However, it has many market differentiators such as a dedicated team committed to energy and sustainability projects. For Hydrock, energy and sustainability inform everything it does

over 20 years’ experience in fire safety.

The Fire Safety Division provides fire safety consultancy and support services throughout the complete design, construction and occupational phases providing continuity and confidence to its clients. This unique ability has played a major part in quickly seeing the division grow to become one of the largest fire safety consultancies in the world.

With offices throughout the UK, the company now has its sights firmly set on international markets, having recruited the renowned Peter Stephenson as Director of Fire Safety (Middle East) in August 2022 and more recently Dr Ryan Hilditch in Australia. Having established offices in the Middle East and Australia, Hydrock has extremely ambitious plans to export its expertise into these markets with the business already winning significant fire engineering engagements on projects within the GCC. Hydrock’s Fire Safety division is able to provide a full suite of fire safety services varying from performancebased design, fire behaviour modelling to on-site support and fire risk assessment. Thanks to its reputation for technical excellence and providing excellent customer service it has been fortunate to be able to work with many top tier clients who share its ethical and philosophical approach to fire safety.

The company’s Fire Safety governance is resolute. Its overriding mission is to ensure the safety of building occupants within the buildings that they help design, construct and maintain. However, the Fire Safety division is also diligent in ensuring that it protects its clients through the provision of comprehensive, fire safety advisement and diligent analysis.

The division doesn’t take its responsibility for building safety, occupants and its clients lightly. Its senior management team, comprised of experienced fire safety professionals, with cumulative decades of knowledge and experience believe there is no room for complacency. To this end and in its mission to be a ‘force for good’ Hydrock has significantly invested in the ground breaking development of a Technical Development Programme for its fire teams. The programme is run by a dedicated team with the input and participation of Professor José Torero.

It aims to provide ongoing education, training and knowledge sharing to its staff through a structured curriculum of learning. The objective of the programme is to provide Hydrock’s fire safety personnel with the competencies and skillsets required of a modern fire safety professional in an age of complex fire safety design.

in focus

Credit: AHR

In another example of the company’s aspiration to be a ‘force for good’ Hydrock hosted a Building Safety Act Conference in Birmingham, England on the 18th of October, 2023. The Building Safety Act became law in 2022 as a result of the Grenfell Tower Fire Tragedy which killed 72 residents in June 2017.

Keynote speakers included Dame Judith Hackett whose review of building safety legislation in the United Kingdom has led to the biggest change to fire safety laws in a generation and Professor Jose Torero, a world-renowned authority in fire safety within complex buildings.

Many of the UK’s leaders in construction attended the conference with the aim of promoting leadership in adopting the new culture.

and has a holistic effect on its multidisciplinary approach. Energy and sustainability are key to engineering designs, as it works with its clients to reduce embedded and operational carbon, and find ways to reduce construction waste.

The company also advises its clients on decarbonisation strategies, climate adaptation, investment in clean energy, and the entire shape of their ESG credentials.

Hydrock takes the view, that buildings can be complex assets and need to be designed, constructed and operated so they can adapt to change. It believes that building performance can mean a lot of different things. For the user it will be about comfort, wellbeing, safety, acoustics, light, and the practical use of the space. If these create a positive experience, it’s good news for the investor too!

The company understands that investors and developers want assets that are energy efficient, low to zero carbon and meet all legislative regulations, in particular around fire safety and EPC’s. It’s these highperforming credentials that also matter to the occupier for their own ESG commitments.

For a new building, setting out expectations at the earliest conceptual design stage is critical to achieving optimal performance. Hydrock believes this is where its engineers excel. They work collaboratively with design teams to shape the building and influence the energy and sustainability strategy to achieve long-term value.

The company believes its job doesn’t stop at construction and handover. It will continue to monitor how a building performs during use. By comparing real-time performance to the modelled performance of a building’s digital twin it can learn about human behaviours and modify systems to ensure optimum energy efficiency and comfort.

Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023 39

Water Mist

An instrument to assist fire engineers lu cia n o n igr o, Jensen Hughes Italy – Member of the Board of International Water Mist Association (IWMA) – presents Water Mist System Design and Review – IWMA’s Matrix in selecting the suitable systems and the Authority Having Jurisdiction in reviewing them for approval.

P REFACE The water mist technology can now be considered a mature fire suppression technology as it has entered the third decade of installation both in marine and in land-based applications. Initiated more than 30 years ago - when Halon was banned and had to be replaced on board ships – the technology grew rapidly capturing almost 100% of the marine fire protection market protecting all the hazards from the machinery spaces to the accommodation as well as public spaces on board passenger ships.

By the end of the millennium many applications to land-based occupancies were developed, based on several fire test protocols that were published by international organisations including

Factory Mutual Approvals, UL, VdS, LPCB and others. Nevertheless, in the land-based market the technology has not yet achieved the diffusion that it could. One of the various reasons is the difficulties that fire engineers, designing and/or reviewing water mist system for acceptance, find in the process of selecting the system appropriate for each application and in verifying the adequacy of the design parameters that have been used per each system.

To support the fire engineers in this, IWMA has developed a descriptive document: The Matrix… A working tool which is updated semi-annually and is available on the IWMA webpage.

D O CU ME N TS AVA I L A B L E F RO M TH E I W MA W E B SIT E The first document, referred to as “The IFAB Project” (also available from the association website) is a complete list of all the fire test protocols available on the market at the date of its publication with the description of the occupancies to which they apply and the indication of the organisations that developed and published them.

As such, the IFAB Project already represents a valuable instrument for fire engineers dealing with water mist systems. However, it is a publication requiring a significant knowledge of the water mist technology to be used in practice.

Consequently, an IWMA task group developed The Matrix which is a chart for the fire engineers with a structure closer to the design and review activity a fire engineer usually undertakes. The fact

Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023 41

IWMA

23rd International Water Mist Conference

Antwerp, Belgium 18th and 19th September 2024 Call for papers to be published on 15th January 2024

A look back at IWMC2023 Over 100 participants attended the 22nd International Water Mist Conference in Copenhagen. The programme included the bestowal of the IWMA Ragnar Wighus Award / Ph.D. The winner, Martin Thielens, introduced his thesis entitled “Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling of Water Sprays in Fire-Driven Flows”.

Dirk Laibach (Johnson Controls International) updated the audience on the European Water Mist Standard EN 14972 and Luciano Nigro (Jensen Hughes) explained The Matrix – a chart showcasing all current water mist applications and associated fire test protocols – to the audience.

Two speakers – Karolyn Steranka (Jensen Hughes) and Bogdan Raciega (Baltic Fire Laboratory) – spoke about the protection of aircraft hangars: Bogdan Raciega explains: “Due to current incidents with high expansion foams systems release in aircraft hangars, the aviation industry is looking for eco-friendly solutions to decrease hangar down time and reduce losses. Water mist systems have been successfully installed in many hangars in Scandinavia in the past 20 years based on results from full-scale fire tests for machinery areas protections.”

Rüdiger Kopp (Fogtec) presented a case study entitled “Water Mist protects the National History Museum in Copenhagen”. Hans Schipper (Johnson Controls International) elaborated on complete building protection. Kemal Sarp Arsava (RISE Norway) talked about “High-pressure Water Mist Applications for Façade Fires”. A guest from outside the water mist world was Carl Pettersson (RED Fire Engineers, Sweden) whose presentation was entitled “Introduction to Fire Safety in timber Buildings”. Max Lakkonen (IFAB) took a more general approach when he talked about “Performance-based Fire Safety Design – An Opportunity for the Water Mist Industry”.

And since the International Water Mist Association celebrated its 25th anniversary, IWMA president Are Brandt (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) spoke about the future of water mist in a historic perspective.

The 23rd International Water Mist Conference will take place in Antwerp, Belgium, on 18th and 19th September 2024. The call for papers will be published on 15th January.

In 2024, the IWMA Ragnar Wighus Award will go to the author of the best master thesis dealing with water mist. Details of how to apply can be obtained from the IWMA.

42 Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023

#IWMC2023 Sponsors

www.iwma.net

Water Mist

that it is updated regularly makes it a “state of the art document” which is key in designing and installing an advanced technology fire suppression system.

The Matrix is published both for marine- and land-based applications. As the table is substantial it is best to go to the IWMA webpage to look at it in full to appreciate what it actually contains.

T H E MATRIX – AN I N T ERP RETAT I O N The first column is easy to understand. It refers to the business segment of the case under consideration, divided into residential, commercial and industrial. There is nothing further to add.

For the fire engineer the second column is the most important one. It is the part of The Matrix which is dedicated to the applications and at the same time the key point for the correct interpretation of The Matrix. It is important to understand that the selection of the application that most accurately represents the fire hazard related to the “formal” applications for which a test protocol exists, requires a considerable judgment from the fire engineer. In fact, it should be considered that to put the actual application in direct relationship with one of the test protocols shown in the list of The Matrix provides the information to proceed with the design of the system. It also implies that the captioned application can be protected with a water mist system.

In other words, the meaning of the “application column” of The Matrix is the key to the feasibility of a specific fire suppression system for a given application.

Of course, the real world is not so simple, because the applications listed in the “application column” of The Matrix are not easily related to the actual application under consideration, Paragraph 4.1.3.2 of the EN 14972-1 states: “Test protocols: one of the greatest challenges to engineering of water mist fire suppression systems lies in determining whether the conditions of a particular and recognised test protocol are representative of the actual conditions in a given application based on an understanding of the dynamics of the interaction of water mist with fire.”

Some applications can be regarded as clear and straightforward.

A “car garage / parking garage” for example can easily be identified as a space where automobiles are parked. Or “industrial oil cookers” are easily identified as gadgets where food is deep fried. But there are other applications where a classification is more difficult. For example, “residential occupancies” or “data halls”. In these cases additional information is needed to relate the applications listed in The Matrix to the real world. We will come to this later.

The third column of The Matrix is the part that includes the test protocols. And the third and fourth fully identify the test protocol(s) existing for a given application. It has taken the IWMA task group some time to gather all the information and their aim is to make sure that this list remains the most updated list of water mist fire test protocols available worldwide.

As mentioned, there are many applications for which more than one protocol is available. How to select the protocol that best fits the actual application under consideration is again a matter related to the correlation between the formal test protocol defined in the test protocol document listed in the third and fourth columns and the actual application under consideration. And again, it is the main responsibility of the fire engineer in charge of the design or the review of the system to ascertain it.

The last column identifies the type approval that can be obtained by “positively passing” each test protocol mentioned in the previous columns. This is also a very important column to be considered because it distinguishes the test protocols in those that lead to a formal approval (the organisation granting the type approval is listed in column 5) from those protocols that do not lead to a formal approval but are simply offered to the market as reference protocols to be used by the authorities having jurisdictions, the laboratories, the verification agencies, the manufacturers etc.

For those that are not familiar with the type approval process, the explanation could be that the fire test protocols are the

procedures issued by the organisations involved in the water mist fire suppression technology to run each of the mentioned test.

They list the materials to be used, the procedure to run the tests and the pass-fail criteria to determine the outcome of the tests.

The delivery of the laboratory that performs the test is a fire test report describing all the steps followed to carry out the test and the results obtained. In some cases, also the interpretation of the results is left to somebody else who will use the test report for the design and installation of a water mist system.

There are not many organisations issuing fire test protocols for water mist applications. They can be divided into two groups: the approval bodies and the standardisation bodies.

Approval bodies for water mist applications include FM Approvals1, UL2 and VdS3. The standardisation bodies include the CEN4 committee on water mist system and the BS5. As it is possible to see in The Matrix table, the approval bodies always grant a typeapproval for the system passing the test protocol for the specific application. The standardisation bodies normally do not, except for the residential applications tested according to BS standard 8458 that are approved by LPCB6.

The approval issued by an approval body is a useful information document also for the above-mentioned matter concerning the correlation between the test protocol and the actual application under consideration. The approval body will certainly define in detail the applications that can be effectively protected by the approved systems. An example is chapter 1.2 of the FM standard 55607 where all the 16 applications for which FM Approvals have issued a test protocol are described in detail with all the applicable limitations and/or extensions.

The same does not apply to the test protocols issued by the standardisation bodies that also include a paragraph per each protocol describing the scenarios to which the protocol can be applied, but this information is “embedded” in the test protocol text and is not easily available to the fire engineer.

The above is a complete description of The Matrix content.

There is a considerable effort behind the table summarising all the results, because all the information included in the table is carefully verified and checked by the IWMA task group that includes some of the most relevant professionals dealing with the water mist technology in the world.

Now follow some comments and actions to take into consideration to make it more useful to the fire engineer.

CO MME N TS As mentioned in the text, the correlation between the fire test protocol and the actual application under consideration is not easy for a fire engineer. It is straightforward, when talking about test protocols issued by approval bodies (that are liable for what they indicate and that shall give all the information necessary for the correct use of the protocols). It is less straightforward for the standardisation body protocols.

The second and most important comment is related to the real availability of the system on the market. With The Matrix it is only possible to say that, for a given application, one or more test protocols exist and whether they lead to a type approval or not but no information is given about the availability of one or more manufacturers that can provide a water mist system designed and installed in accordance to the test protocol under consideration.

This second issue has been discussed many times among the association members, but the commercial implications that are related to the mentioning of one or more manufacturers would lead to problems that are outside of the scope of the association. The identification of the manufacturer(s) holding an approval or having carried out a fire test according to one of the test procedures issued by the standardisation bodies remains a responsibility of the fire engineer in charge for the design of the system.

Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023 43

Water Mist

F UT UR E STEPS The maintenance of The Matrix is of utmost importance for the tool itself as well as for the association. The aim is to provide a concrete help for fire engineers involved in the design, installation or verification of a water mist system in land-based applications.

The addition of a column to the current ones with a detailed description of the application to which the protocol is applicable, or the implementation of a “second page” in the summary with each line of the protocols completed with the description of the applicable scenarios given in the protocol itself could be of help in finding correct protocol to use for a given application.

When it comes to the availability of water mist systems on the market: this cannot be included in The Matrix. But there are other sources of information. Considering the fact that the number of organisations issuing protocols is minimal makes it is easy to check with each one of them which manufacturers have been tested per each protocol. To help fire engineers with their search, a list of the approval guides giving details of the approved manufacturers can be found in the bibliography.

More difficult will be to find the manufacturers that have systems successfully tested according to the fire test protocols issued by one of the standardisation bodies because in these cases, there is no specific entity that lists the performed tests and the unique source of information will be the manufacturers themselves that should be consulted to provide the information and possibly the test report. This is essential to document that their systems

44 Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023

have successfully passed the necessary fire test protocols because, as stated in the last sentence of the introduction to EN 14972-1: “Water mist is a specific application solution which needs to be proven for each individual application and/or occupancy.”

B I B L I O G R A PH Y General Bibliography: SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering – Chapter 46 – Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems.

Specific Bibliography: (1) FM Approvals - https://www.approvalguide.com/ search?searchParams=groupid=ODU= (2) UL - https://www.ul.com/services/water-mist-system-equipmentcomponent-testing (3) VdS.- https://vds.de/en/certification/companies-and-specialistprofessionals/fire-protection/installer-company-for-fire-extinguishingsystems (4) CEN – CEN/TC191/WG10 – Water Mist Fire Fighting Systems – EN 14972 series (5) BS - https://www.bsigroup.com/en-GB/search-results/?q=Water%20 Mist%20Systems&Page=1&tab=Standards (6) LPCB - https://www.redbooklive.com/pdfdocs/redbook-vol1part3. pdf?rn=47100 (7) FM Class Number 5560 – Examination Standard for Water Mist Systems – January 2021 edition

Dynax remains committed to...

Responsible use of C6 Fluorine Chemistry and to providing its products to firefighting foam manufacturers.

Good practices, Life Safety, and Flammable Liquid Protection remain Dynax’s North Star.

As high hazard, flammable liquid emergencies are occurring world-wide, a recap is needed: C6 AFFFs and AR-AFFFs remain the highest performing firefighting products for flammable liquids.

C6 Foam Concentrates are required for critical uses and major fire events.

C6 Foam Concentrates are proven and effective with decades of successful extinguishments.

Reminder of Best Practice:

Best Practice Guidance for Use of Class B Fire Fighting Foams

C6 Foam Concentrates should not be used for testing or training. In cases of fire events or accidental release, C6 Foam Concentrate run-off should be controlled and captured. Refer to Dynax SDSs for region specific product use and disposal information.

Recent Specific Updates: Universal EU PFAS ban proposal does not cover PFAS in Firefighting Foams.

The proposal for PFAS in Firefighting Foam includes a 10 year derogation for Seveso III sites.

Airports

Elevating airport safety Serco’s Middle East Operations Director for Transport, SAMANTHA ROWLES and Senior Strategy & Solutions Manager, TEREN TAN explore the Benefits of Fire and Rescue Service Training solutions at regional airports

46 Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023

having a fire rescue training facility at an airport is an important proactive measure for the ongoing safety of passengers, airport employees and the surrounding community in case of emergencies.

It is strongly recommended and in most regulatory cases required, to help ensure that the airport is prepared to respond to emergencies and to mitigate the impact of such incidents. How do you justify such capital investment?

Once established, training facilities can be of great benefit in ensuring access to a wider range of resources, such as specialised training equipment, experienced instructors, and advanced simulation technologies. Here are just some of the inherent benefits of establishing FRS training facilities within airports, together with an overview of the emerging innovations that safeguard passengers, airport staff and the broader community.

Airports

SUPPORTING NATIONAL VISIONS Quality training delivery at airport FRS facilities contribute to the national visions of the UAE and KSA by ensuring the development of highly skilled personnel – supporting nationalisation efforts, improving safety and security, supporting the development of self-sufficient national infrastructure and enhancing international competitiveness. By demonstrating a commitment to safety and security through effective training programmes, these countries can attract more international airlines and passengers, which can contribute to economic growth and development.

One example of this in the UAE, is that Dubai Airports have seen value in the ability to conduct regular training activities in line with their specific and regulatory requirements at their own training facility at Dubai World Central (DWC). The availability of having this facility is the enablement of ‘as real as you can get’ exposure for the fire service to what they may encounter on shift at any given time. These training activities available on site, in line with their operational requirements greatly reduces cost in terms of both time and resources. Dubai Airports has also benefited from the ability to run their own initial firefighter skills acquisition courses – allowing them to attract, hire and employ national staff. An ability that no other airport in the UAE or KSA has at present.

Therefore, through investing in high-quality training programmes and on-site facilities, our region can strengthen its own aviation industry and this in turn supports broader economic and social development goals.

INNOVATIONS DRIVING EXCELLENCE One of the key aspects of modern FRS training facilities at airports is the role technological innovation plays in ensuring readiness.

Well-equipped FRS training facilities can offer training including: Realistic scenarios: Having an FRS training ground at a specific airport facility can allow FRS personnel to train in realistic scenarios that mimic the types of emergencies that can occur at that airport.

This can include simulated aircraft crashes, fuel spills and other aviation-related emergencies. Such training can help to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the emergency response team in handling such incidents. Access to different facilities can greatly increase service competence.

Mixed training delivery: The marriage of traditional training with technology, including virtual and augmented reality, keeps training fresh and engaging. It allows personnel to tackle real-life scenarios in innovative ways, fostering adaptability and resilience.

Direct access to airport facilities: On a similar note, an airport facility can provide direct and consistent access to a range of resources that can be used in FRS training. This includes an understanding of the various types of aircraft that may be encountered, as well as the different hazards and risks associated with each type. In addition to fueling systems, other specialised equipment and so on.

Mastery of Equipment: Ensuring that firefighters and rescue personnel are familiar with the site on which they are working and the resources available to them is extremely valuable in building confidence and saving time in a real-life emergency. Examples of this in training might be: Firefighting techniques: Training in the use of firefighting equipment and techniques, such as water systems, foam suppression systems, dry chemical agents, dual agent attack and High Reach Extendable Turret (HRET).

Search and rescue: Training in the use of equipment and techniques to locate and extricate passengers and crew from aircraft in emergency situations.

Hazardous materials: Training in the identification and handling of hazardous materials that may be present on aircraft or at airport facilities.

Communications: Training in the use of radios, communication protocol and other communication equipment to coordinate response efforts with other emergency responders.

Self-Contained breathing apparatus: Training in the competent use of breathing apparatus utilised by fire service personnel to enter irrespirable environments to conduct firefighting and/or search and rescue without being exposing the respiratory system to harmful gases or smoke.

Continuous Improvement: Fire and rescue service training facilities facilitate regular skill enhancement, ensuring that emergency response teams remain prepared for any situation. These facilities encourage a culture of continuous improvement, where personnel are motivated to refine their skills, adapt to new technologies, and stay up-to-date with the latest safety protocols both regionally and through receiving insights into international best practice.

BEYOND INNOVATION: WIDER POSITIVE IMPACTS Improved emergency response: Airports are vulnerable to a wide range of emergencies, including aircraft crashes, fuel spills and fires. With a fire rescue training facility on-site, airport personnel can receive specialised training in handling such emergencies, which can improve the overall emergency response time and reduce the potential for property damage and loss of life.

Compliance with regulations: As per ICAO guidance, all airports must have a plan for responding to emergencies, including the availability of fire and rescue services. Regional regulating bodies require having a fire rescue training facility on-site to ensure that they are prepared and can effectively respond to emergencies.

More opportunities for regional collaboration: Airports across the Middle East are increasingly recognising the value of regional collaboration in sharing best practices and resources related to fire and rescue service training. Collaborative initiatives can include joint training exercises, knowledge exchange programmes and the establishment of standardised training protocols. Such cooperation strengthens the collective ability of regional airports to respond to complex emergencies and ensures a higher level of safety and security throughout the region.

Cost savings and minimal disruptions: By having a fire rescue training facility on-site, airports can save money on training costs by eliminating the need to send personnel off-site for specialised training. In addition, FRS personnel can conduct training exercises without disrupting regular airport operations. This can help to reduce the cost of training and minimise any potential impact on airport services.

General community safety: An airport serves as a hub for the community and a fire rescue training facility on-site can provide additional support to the community in case of emergencies. If an emergency were to occur off the airport premises, airport personnel trained in fire rescue techniques could also be dispatched to provide aid.

CONCLUSION The requirement for an on-site FRS training facility at an airport is of course a commitment, but there is no better alternative to ensure airports are prepared for a real-life emergency with well-trained staff confident in the best practise to tackle any scenario they may face on shift. In addition, on-site facilities can support in wider economic and social goals, they are an embodiment of innovation and demonstrate a commitment to safety. They symbolise a philosophy of readiness and a dedication to the well-being of all who pass through their gates.

Serco has established and managed Fire and Rescue Service (FRS) training operations across the Middle East since 2020.

Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023 47

In Case of Fire

Operating highly innovative research projects … The role of cables in particle physics at CERN CERN is described as a ‘unique collaboration of countries, universities, and scientists committed to creating and sharing knowledge, to provide insights and scientific advancements and help the society around the world.’ The organisation uses the world’s largest and most complex scientific instruments and its extensive expertise spans various industries, including aerospace, healthcare, quantum, digital, and environment.

Founded in 1954 and based in Geneva, on the France-Switzerland border, there are approximately 2,500 staff who are responsible for designing, constructing, and operating the research complex.

Cables supporting Particle Physics infrastructure Particle physics is CERN’s main area of research, to learn more about the fundamental structure of matter using highly advanced and powerful accelerators and detectors. One such research instrument is HiLumi, the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HLLHC), which is undergoing a significant upgrade. The refurbishment will enable future experiments to gather more extensive data samples and acquire incredible scientific research results. This major project is currently undergoing the phase of procuring and testing the cable products, with the project due to commence installation in 2025 and launch in 2029. The development is expected to use approximately 2,000km of cables.

In addition to the HiLumi project, CERN facilitates several other experiments and research areas, such studying dark matter and producing 3D colour X-rays, to name a couple of examples.

A comprehensive selection of cable products is used across the CERN research facility, spanning over 420 different cable products. Many cables are designed bespoke to meet radiation requirements HSE 500 kilo Gy(Gray) and up to 10M Gy. Cable types used include Low voltage, Medium Voltage, High Voltage, Multi-core, Fibre, Single Core, Low Smoke Zero Halogen, Telecommunication cables, Coaxial cables, Control cables, and Special cables.

Quality to enhance safety Safety is crucial to CERN, to protect the people and the infrastructure involved with all research projects throughout

the facility. Ensuring the cable products providing power, communication, and data can evidence high levels of quality helps to support the safety of the applications to demonstrate compliance and performance.

Handling the cables is a critical process for CERN, as they must be pulled down approximately 100 metres in the case of the Large Hadron Collider. An extensive amount of planning is involved with preparing and installing the projects.

Therefore, a failure with components such as cables can result in a high monetary and time loss.

The cost of replacing a substandard cable is far greater than procuring highquality cables that will perform safely and efficiently.

To determine the performance of the cables chosen for installation, BASEC as a third-party testing partner, supports CERN by conducting rigorous tests. The assessments measure the properties of the cable, including electrical, chemical, mechanical and material, to ensure that quality is not compromised.

Impact of CPR A challenge that CERN often finds when sourcing suitable cables for their projects is being able to obtain cables that meet their specific requirements. The nature of the research that CERN carries out means that the cables must have radiationresistant compounds. In relation to CPR, the mixing of fire behaviour compounds with radiation compounds can prove challenging to achieve the desired classification. As

a result, cable modifications have been required such as producing larger, thicker cables which creates a new dilemma with circuit components such as connectors.

It is important that the cables undergo rigorous testing to ensure that they would not accelerate flame spread in the event of a fire.

CERN’s Specific Safety Instructions (SSI-FS-2-1) sets out the fire safety and radiation resistance requirements for cables. For High Risk Installations the fire performance according to the Construction Products Regulations (CPR) shall be at least Cca-s2,d1,a2 and for Low Risk Installations at least Dca-s2,d1,a2.

Value of third party testing When searching for a third party testing provider, there is a balance of country providers that CERN sources from across the member countries. The company’s reputation is critical, particularly that the organisation is knowledgeable and can provide the specific testing capabilities necessary to meet the requirements.

Using a third party such as BASEC for cable testing provides independent verification that the cables have been stringently tested to meet the requirements for transparency and peace of mind. This allows CERN to have confidence whether cable is suitable and fit for purpose to install within their projects.

BASEC Basec.org.uk

Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023 49

In Case of Fire

Protecting a poultry processing plant … Securiton’s technology installed at the Grain Field Chickens site in South Africa

Grain Field Chickens, based in Reitz in the Orange Free State Province, upholds high quality and service standards to supply the South Africa market with only the best poultry products.

The SecuriSmoke ASD535 HD (Heavy Duty) was installed in the cold storage, fresh chiller, plant room and dispatch

areas. This heavy-duty ASD suits areas with large amounts of dust and moisture.

External filtration can be added to limit dust ingress and ensure successful air monitoring for smoke particles to reduce false alarms. Water retaining boxes restrict moisture from entering the dust filters and sampling chamber to limit blockages and faults in the system. Additionally, heated sampling points on the pipe network in the cold storage applications will prevent the sampling holes from icing up.

The SecuriHeat ADW HDx (Heavy Duty) linear heat detector was installed in the evisceration and de-feathering, main packaging, and palletising and wrapping areas. The heavy-duty ADW is explosionproof and is suited for areas with large amounts of dust, high temperatures, and

large volumes of steam where the site has been classified as explosive. The detector is installed outside the environment, and the sensing tube is inside the risk area.

The sensing tube’s robust construction and flexibility allow the sensing element to be installed close to the fire risk for early detection.

Securiton’s South Africa partner Technoswitch and their client Fire-Quip successfully tested the performance of the equipment in simulated off-site environments, giving the end user complete confidence in the products and solutions provided.

SECURITON securiton.com

UK Fire & Rescue Service adopts specialist integrated resource management platform … Avon Fire and Rescue migrate to FireWatch Cloud Avon Fire and Rescue Service has launched a new FireWatch-driven technology innovation programme, targeting greater flexibility, resilience, and increased visibility of resources. The programme’s first phase went live in September and covers migrating from the FRS’s current on-premise system to the FireWatch Cloud from Infographics.

Avon FRS now manage their HR, wholetime availability and rostering, retained payments, and training and development via the new integrated cloudhosted system, underpinned by Microsoft Azure. This also provides flexible access from anywhere at any time, simplified support and a performant, resilient Cloud solution.

Once fully delivered, the project will further extend the users’ access to the system via mobile devices, increase realtime visibility of availability and resources,

50 Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023

and integrate live operational data with the Control Room.

As part of the broader planned programme, the next phase will include the deployment of FireWatch for On-call Availability, replacing the current Rappel system and also the FireWatch Mobilisation Interface within the Emergency Control Room, integrating with the SSS Vision mobilisation system The FireWatch cross-platform Mobile App client will be rolled out as well as its standard e-learning integration module.

Simon Shilton, Chief Fire Officer, Avon FRS said: “The FireWatch solution enables us to deliver further FireWatch improvements, creating efficiencies in our ways of working, bringing On-Call colleagues into FireWatch, increasing visibility of our available resources, and streamlining the user experience.”

As well as the benefits of utilising the latest technologies available, the Inforgraphics integrated system and data approach can deliver significant direct cost savings, efficiency benefits and reduce risk through more accurate data from a single source. With these solutions, FRSs can securely access systems and carry out critical work from any location, at any time required.”

INFOGRAPHICS infographics.co.uk

ON THE MARKET

Long distance connectivity Johnson Controls has enhanced the Autocall ES Net Life Safety Network to offer long-distance connectivity between customers’ buildings, better visual alarm safety and increased cost savings. The new ES Net Network Bridge device allows fire alarm system data to travel over a customer’s existing network infrastructure by creating a secure VPN tunnel, improving system visibility and control across distant buildings and campuses.

Large facility, campus and enterprise operators looking for a network with better safety and response, lower installation and expansion cost, and increased quality and reliability will find Autocall ES Net to be the ideal integrated fire and life safety solution.”

The ES Net Network Bridge meets the NFPA 72 Class N pathway specification which specifically addresses the use of IP network infrastructure used for fire alarm and emergency communication systems.

JOHNSON CONTROLS autocall.com

Monitoring from the air

New waterflow switches Profit by Piping Logistics has expanded its product range with two types of waterflow switches, U-bolt & threaded. Designed for the detection of a water flow in fire sprinkler piping systems, both types are CE certified, UL listed and FM approved. In addition they’re both suitable for use in fire protection and HVAC systems.

The Profit waterflow switches, type WFS, are used for the detection of a water flow in fire sprinkler piping systems and available from 2 to 8 inches. The installation is similar to a mechanical sprinkler tee with U-bolt clamp.

The WFST switches are used for the detection of a water flow in fire sprinkler piping systems and suitable for 1, 1¼, 1½ and 2 inches. The installation is with a threaded male connector into a classic threaded malleable mechanical tee and the main features are comparable to the WFS model.

PROFIT BY PIPING LOGISTICS pipinglogistics.eu

AI detection Brigade Electronics has launched AI Intelligent Detection Cameras to the US market. These AI cameras are a new generation of active blind-spot detection that utilise artificial intelligence to recognise humans within a predefined detection zone and warn drivers visually and/or audibly before a possible collision occurs. Compared to traditional vehicle cameras, Brigade’s AI cameras have a range of improved features and offer enhanced visibility at both the front and rear of the vehicle.

OLYMPIA ELECTRONICS olympia-electronics.com

52 Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023

Magirus has launched its own an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with “M-Eye”the Magirus drone which can provide not only firefighters, but also helpers from other rescue and aid organisations with additional safety in the field.

The sophisticated technology of the M-Eye drone, meansemergency forces have access to high-resolution images and video footage for situation reconnaissance and assessment of the hazardous situation and enables full integration into the mobile, tactical operations network Magirus TacticNet. As a powerful quadrocopter with a maximum take-off weight of 4000 grams, the Magirus MEye is specially designed for use by authorities and organisations with security tasks MAGIRUS magirusgroup.com

A significant leap forward The Testifire XTR2 from Detector Testers represents a significant leap forward from its predecessor, the popular Testifire product. While maintaining its functionality as a testing tool, Testifire XTR2 goes beyond that by prioritising compliance as its core feature offering unique capabilities that facilitate compliant testing. Through a dedicated App and a supporting cloud portal, it automates the recording of test results at the time of testing. This innovative approach provides fire service managers and building owners with irrefutable proof of the testing process.

Testifire XTR2 is more than just a testing tool; it’s a comprehensive solution that prioritises compliance, automates recordkeeping, and leverages cloud and app connectivity to streamline the testing and reporting process.

DETECTOR TESTERS detectortesters.com

We are ex hi bi ti ng

at

16-18/01/2024

Dubai World Trad e Centre, UAE Visit us in the Ge rman Pavilion.

RENITHERM® Fire Protection Coatings for Structural Steel save Buildings, Properties and Lives es

The fire protection effect of RENITHERM® is provided by a robust, heat-resistant carbon foam layer, that forms in case of fire from 30 up to 50 times higher than its original low layer thickness. The coated components are protected against overheating, combustion and loss of their structural properties for a period defined in the product approvals. This period can be used to rescue persons and retrieve material assets. For further information about our fire protection coating systems, please visit our website www.renitherm.com ■ Tested according to British Standard BS476 : Part 21 ■ Water-based and environmentally friendly ■ Non-VOC, free of halogens, APEO, borates, fibres and plasticizers ■ Made in Germany – developed and manufactured in keeping with the highest standards Also available: Fire protection systems for concrete, wood and fire penetration seals

d

actured in Börns nuf en ma n burg am rH ea

Brandschutz-Beschichtungen Fire Protection Coatings

y

Ha

b in G er m n se

erg

mb

an

Lack- und Farbenfabrik

dh

ei

M iackelt

E ntw

is a brand of the Rudolf Hensel GmbH | www.rudolf-hensel.com

Rudolf Hensel GmbH

de

un

urg

•

•

Devel ope da n

Fire protection solutions to suit your individual requirements. Contact us, we’d be happy to advise you!

By Phone: +49 40 72 10 62-48 or e-mail: contact-rh@rudolf-hensel.de

e ste llt i n B ö r n

Join impactful conversations from industry influencers.

Build long-lasting relationships with peers from across the region.

Exchange knowledge on the latest industry developments.

Align your business with the Saudi Vision 2030 initiative.

Contact us today to become a sponsor or delegate!

Ryan@FireMiddleEast.co.uk

FireMiddleEastConference.com

Become a pioneer of today, shaping tomorrow…

More events and updates at: @firemiddleast firemiddleeastmag.com

Events Calendar 16 – 18 January 2024

Dubai intersecexpo.com

14 – 17 November 2023 6 – 7 December 2023 15 – 16 November 2023

London Build 2023

VdS Fire Safety Cologne

Milipol Paris France en.milipol.com

Germany bst.vds.de

London, UK londonbuildexpo.com

7 – 9 December 2023

IFSEC India ifsec.events/india

28 – 30 November 2023

Fire & Safety Asia Expo Pakistan fireandsafetyasia.com

1 – 3 November 2023 15 – 17 November 2023

Sicurezza Italy sicurezza.it

56 Fire Middle East Magazine • October 2023

Secutech Thailand secutechthailand. tw.messefrankfurt.com

1 – 5 December 2023

MEFSEC Egypt neventum.com/tradeshows/ mefsec

Demonstrate your commitment to providing quality training Attract new delegates and enhance your brand If you or your organisation provides training, you could apply for IFE recognition status. Our Recognitions Team benchmark courses, providers and educational programmes to the highest standard, ensuring a competent workforce across the fire industry.

Prospective students can be more confident that an IFE recognised course, provider or educational programme ticks all the boxes for their learning and future careers in the fire sector.

Learn more about the benefits gained with IFE recognitions at www.ife.org.uk/recognition-of-training