NOVEMBER 2013
MAGA ZINE FOR S TUDENTS OF ENGLISH / LE VEL A 2– B1
pis Časo ušené dnod ve zje ličtině ang
THROUGH YOUR ENGLISH
ACTRESS ANNE HATHAWAY Beautiful and clever
VACCINATION
Are you for or against?
TRUE STORY
9 771805 898000
11
Cena 45 Kč / Předplatné od 25 Kč
LISTOPAD/NOVEMBER 2013
Thanksgiving Day
HAMMER THROWING
Interview with bronze medallist Lukáš Melich
Our partner for 2013/14
MAGA ZINE FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH / LE VEL A2– B1
T H R O U G H
Y O U R
E N G L I S H
Vážený čtenáři, přinášíme Vám Drive, jediný lifestylový časopis v jednoduché, živé angličtině na našem trhu. Najdete v něm zajímavé, aktuální články, témata k diskuzi a krátké povídky. S naším unikátním časopisem si kupujete nejen moderní doplněk pro studium angličtiny a zábavné čtení, ale i možnost zlepšení a rozšíření svých znalostí pomocí mnoha cvičení na našich webových stránkách. Přejeme si, abyste při čtení časopisu Drive měli takovou radost jako my a celý náš tým, když jej tvoříme.
Mgr. Pavla Štanclová, ředitelka redakce (vlevo) Mgr. Gabriela Sýkorová, šéfredaktorka (vpravo)
Mgr. Pavla Štanclová ředitelka redakce
Mgr. Gabriela Sýkorová šéfredaktorka
Our motto for November:
“Some people walk in the rain, others just get wet.“ Roger Miller (American country music singer)
DON ’ T MISS IN THIS ISSUE : N AT U R E
C U LT U R E
T R U E S TO RY
8
10
12
Thanksgiving and Ping Pong
Happy Birthday, Anne!
Why We Love Horses
Read about an unusual thanksgiving tradition.
Beautiful, clever and talented actress Anne Hathaway.
Planning a horse as a pet? Read this!
Pro předplatitele v Česku cena od 25 Kč/ks, na Slovensku od € 1/ks.
Více informací a objednávky: www.drive.gradus.cz telefonicky: +420 608 539 129 e-mailem: objednavky.drive@gradus.cz K zakoupení v prodejnách Oxford Bookshop: Praha, Plzeň, Brno, Olomouc, Ostrava, Bratislava a Banská Bystrica.
This icon means extra exercises on our website www.drive.gradus.cz.
Listening web task This icon means extra listening exercises on our website.
Solutions
Časopis Drive vychází měsíčně září–červen.
Web task
p. 18 1b, 2a, 3c, 4b, 5a, 6a, 7b, 8a
Cvičení k článkům, videa a poslechy najdete na www.gradus.drive.cz.
DIFFICULTY
OPINION POLL
Protection Against Flu Nervous about catching flu1? This month we asked our readers what strategies they have to stay healthy and what they think about flu vaccines2. Thomas, 16
When I was a baby, I got the basic set of vaccines. There was a vaccine against measles3, mumps4, etc. These vaccines are useful. But I don't get vaccinated against flu every year. My immunity system works well. I do sports and eat well, so I think that's good enough protection.
Julia, 15
I take the flu vaccine every year in Novem ber. My immune system is not very strong, so I think I need the vaccine to prevent flu. All members of my family take the vaccine. We also take vitamins. I prefer to walk to school in the flu season. I don't take the bus, because there are lots of people sneezing 5 and coughing.
Chris, 16
Martin, 16
I think some vaccines are necessary, but not all of them. Many people get vaccinated against flu, but I don't. I think it's not effective. Plus I am not afraid of flu. I like to live a dangerous and risky lifestyle. Just kidding! I eat a lot of fruit to get vitamin C and I never forget to wash my hands.
I take vaccines very often, against flu as well. In my opini on the flu vaccine is a very important form of pre vention. I don't want to underes timate the risks. To stay healthy I take lots of vitamins. As soon as I start feeling the first symptoms of flu, I begin the treatment. I drink black tea with lemon, take paracetamol and stay in bed.
Victor, 17
I have had some vaccines, but not against flu. May be it's risky, but I'm not often ill. I don't think the vaccine will pro tect you so much. I know people who got flu one month after the vaccination. The forms of pro tection I take are mainly physical exercise, fruit and vegetables. And I eat some garlic, ginger6 and honey. I sleep well, that also helps.
VOCABULARY
flu [fluː] – chřipka vaccine [ˈvæksiːn] – očkování 3 measles [ˈmiːzəlz] – spalničky 4 mumps [mʌmps] – příušnice 5 to sneeze [sniːz] – kýchat 6 ginger [ˈdʒɪndʒə] – zázvor 1 2
drive / November 2013 | 3
H E A LTH
DIFFICULTY
The Flu Season Is Coming ARE YOU GETTING VACCINATED? Autumn is here and the flu season is just around the corner. The flu season usually runs from November to March. So it's the best time to think about all types of prevention. / AMANDA S. BOYD (UK)
What is flu? Flu*, or to give it its full name, 'influenza', is a viral** illness which causes epidemics every year. It's an acute respiratory infection, caused by three types of flu viruses: A, B and C.
The flu virus is very contagious1. It spreads from person to person by coughing, sneezing2 and other close contact. The time from infection to illness, known as the incubation period, is about two days. Typical flu symptoms are a sudden high fever, dry cough, headaches, weakness, tiredness and body aches3. Flu is a very serious disease4. Even healthy people can get very sick. It can lead to hospitalization and sometimes even death. 4 | Health
Tips for prevention Stay away from the virus The best way to avoid5 flu and many other common infections is surprisingly very simple – frequent hand-washing for about 20 seconds. Wash your hands with soap and hot water or alcohol-based hand gels. Moreover, regularly clean your computer mouse, door handles, TV remote control and other things touched by many people. Flu spreads6 easily in crowded places – in shops, offices, nurseries, on public transport, in cinemas, airplanes, at schools, etc. Try to stay away from these places – people coughing and sneezing there might be infected. If you are sick, stay at home and don't spread influenza to others. Boost your immunity If you feel well, then your immune system is working well. To help your immunity, you should sleep well, go for walks to get fresh air, exercise, and go to the sauna. Also, don't underestimate7 the power of food. To boost your immunity, you should eat garlic, onions, ginger, sauerkraut, honey, fruit, vitamin C and zinc. According to many scientists, homemade chicken noodle soup fights off infections very well, too. However, stress is very bad for your immunity; try to relax and meditate every day. Smokers, you have a high risk of getting flu. Quit smoking now! Get vaccinated There are two reasons to get a flu shot8: firstly to protect yourself against flu, secondly to protect the community. The vaccine minimizes the chances of you getting flu and spreading it to others. Vaccination is especially important for people at high risk of complications. When influenza is fatal, the most common victims
are young children, adults aged 65 or older and people with chronic health problems.
EGGS IN LABS
Frequently asked questions about flu vaccine: Will I get flu from the flu shot? No, the viruses in the vaccine are dead; you can't get flu from the flu shot. But it takes two weeks after the vaccination to become fully immune, so you may catch something in this period. Also, you can get another type of virus, different from the vaccine.
Vaccines are produced by pharmaceutical companies. For most vaccines, viruses are grown in hens' eggs, then they are killed (deactivated) and made into vaccines. That's why flu vaccines are not recommended for those with bad allergies to egg proteins. The flu vaccines contain a form of the virus that is expected to be around that season. It stimulates the body to develop immunity to flu.
Will I feel sick after the flu shot? Some people are tired and have a headache, but it's only a reaction and it's nothing dangerous.
For or against? Among medical doctors, there are many arguments for and against taking a flu shot. Some say flu vaccines are safe and effective and protect millions of people. Others say that vaccination is just good business for pharmaceutical companies, it contains mercury 9 and aluminium which is bad for the body, and vaccinated people may catch another kind of flu virus and fall ill anyway. What do you think? The popularity of flu vaccines differs from country to country, as you can see in this chart of vaccination coverage. Countries
45%
Canada
33%
Germany
27%
Italy
25%
Great Britain
24%
France
24%
Spain
21% 5–8%
Since October 2013, VZP, the biggest health insurance company in the Czech Republic, has been offering its clients the flu vaccine for free for the first time in its history. The aim10 is to increase the number of vaccinated people in the Czech Republic. Whatever method of prevention you choose, we wish you all good health and good luck!
Discuss
How often do you get ill? How do you protect yourself against flu and other viruses? Web task
Flu in numbers
• In 1918 Spanish Flu killed between 20 and 100 million people worldwide. More people died in this pandemic than were killed in World War I. Surprisingly, many healthy young people died. • Every year about 3–5 million people get flu.
Percentage of population vaccinated
USA
Czech Republic
1234
• In the United States alone, 36,000 people die and more than 200,000 are hospitalized each year because of flu. • About 135–139 million doses of vaccine have been produced in the USA for the 2013–14 flu season.
LANGUAGE NOTE * flu = influenza ** virus (noun), viral (adjective)
VOCABULARY
contagious [kənˈteɪdʒəs] – nakažlivý to sneeze [sniːz] – kýchat 3 ache [eɪk] – bolest 4 disease [dɪˈziːz] – nemoc 5 to avoid [əˈvɔɪd] – vyhnout se 6 to spread [spred] – šířit 7 to underestimate [ˈʌndəˈestɪmeɪt] – podceňovat 8 shot [ʃɒt] – injekce 9 mercury [ˈmɜːkjʊrɪ] – rtuť 10 aim [eɪm] – cíl 1 2
drive / November 2013 | 5
ENVIRONMENT
DIFFICULTY
Radioactive Future HOW DO WE DEAL WITH RADIOACTIVE WASTE? Nuclear power is very effective. A relatively small amount of nuclear fuel can produce enough electricity for whole cities, even countries. No smoke, no acid rain and no greenhouse1 gases. We also use radioactivity in medicine. However, when producing nuclear energy, we also produce radioactive waste*. / JOHN ATKINSON (UK)
Dr Adrian Punt
Radioactive waste can be extremely dangerous and can stay active for 10,000 to 1,000,000 years. How we deal2 with it is controversial. We talked to Dr Adrian Punt, a nuclear expert and director of RadEcol Consulting Ltd, (UK) to get the facts.
Adrian, where does radioactive waste come from? 99% of radioactive waste comes from the nuclear industry. There are three levels: low, intermediate and high. 90% of the waste is low level waste, or LLW as we say, and only 3% is high level, or HLW. LLW is things like paper, clothes or tools which have been in contact with nuclear material. They are not dangerous to touch, but still need to be controlled. 6 | Environment
So how do we dispose of** LLW? If it's solid, it goes in a big hole3 in the ground and we cover4 it up. Water which is LLW is processed and pumped out to the ocean. Doesn't it give the fish cancer5? And don't we then eat the fish? The levels of radiation are very low, nothing to worry about. But, in the future, it could be a problem, so the nuclear industry is trying to minimise the amount of LLW water going out. And what about the more dangerous forms of waste? About 7% of the waste is intermediate level waste, ILW. It includes some chemical waste and contaminated equipment from production. It's cut up and stored6 in