Endnotes

1 See KCET (2016), “Native People at This Place” at kcet-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com for map and CNRA (20102019), “NAHC Digital Atlas” at cnra.maps.arcgis.com for interactive atlas of Native Americans 2 From “Fires, floods and free parking: California’s unending fight against climate change”, by Scott Wilson, (2019),

The Washington Post, at www.washingtonpost.com 3 From “Cause named for 2nd Thomas Fire ignition site, near Koenigstein Road” by Jeremy Childs, VC Star at https:// www.vcstar.com 4 From “Fires, floods and free parking: California’s unending fight against climate change”, by Scott Wilson, (2019),

The Washington Post, at https://www.washingtonpost 5 See 805UndocuFund at https://805undocufund.org/ 6 See US Census Bureau, (2015-2019), “ACS Age and Sex” at data.census.gov for more data 7 From “Economic Impact of Travel in California 2011-2020”, by Dean Runyan Associates, Inc., (2021), Visit California, at industry.visitcalifornia.com for more information 8 From California Department of Food and Agriculture (2021), “County Agricultural Commissioners' Reports Crop 2018-2019” at www.nass.usda.gov for more information 9 See “National Equity Atlas”, at nationalequityatlas.org for more data 10 From “The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010,” by Norris, Tina et. Al., U.S. Census Bureau, at https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-10.pdf 11 USC ERI analysis of 2018 5-year American Community Survey microdata from IPUMS USA and the 2014 Survey of

Income and Program Participation. See https://dornsife.usc.edu for more details 12 From “Santa Barbara County Population Growth and Projection, 1940-2040,” (2018), at https://www.countyofsb. org; “Vast Changes and an Uneven Future: Racial and Regional Inequalities in Southern California,”by Kfir

Mordechay, at www.researchgate.net, a technical report for the Civil Rights Project, April 2014; See US Census

Bureau, (2010-19), “ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates” at data.census.gov for more data on the Black population. Note: that this definition of Black or African American includes all identifying as Black alone or in combination with other races. 13 From “Marking Filipino-American history on the Central Coast,” (2021), Santa Maria Times, at santamariatimes. com 14 From “Filipino community of Santa Maria formed in 1971,”(2010), Santa Maria Times at santamariatimes.com; Lilia

Villanueva and Craig Scharlin, Philip Vera Cruz: A Personal History of Filipino Immigrants and the Farmworkers

Movement (Los Angeles: UCLA Labor Center, Institute of Industrial Relations and UCLA Asian American Studies

Center, 1992. 15 See US Census Bureau, (2010-19), “ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates” at data.census.gov for more data 16 See Pg.38, at http://www.csun.edu for graphic

Endnotes continued

17 See US Census Bureau, (2010-19), “ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates” at data.census.gov for more data 18 From “Not Everyone Speaks Spanish,” by Alena Uliasz and Venessa Terán, (2018), UC Davis, at aghealth.ucdavis. edu 19 From “UC Students Basic Needs Draft Report: UCSB Respondents at Risk for Being Food Insecure”, (2017), at food. ucsb.edu for more data; From “UCSB students without housing resort to desperate measures weeks before school, including van life,” by Jackie Sedley, (2021, Sep 8), KCRW, at www.kcrw.com 20 See “California’s commitment to health equity”, (2021), at covid19.ca.gov 21 From “County-level Predictors of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases and Deaths in the United States:

What Happened, and Where Do We Go from Here?,” by John M McLaughlin and others, (2020), Clinical Infectious

Diseases, at doi.org 22 From “Analysis and Summary Report of Central Coast Regional Equity Study Community Consultations,” Prepared by Amanda Brush, UCSB Department of Political Science and Stanley Tzankov, Fund for Santa Barbara, March 2021. 23 USC Equity Research Institute Analysis of 2018 5-year American Community Survey Microdata from IPUMS.

Universe includes people ages 18-64. Data reflect a 2014-2018 average. 24 From UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, Los angeles, CA. AskCHIS 2014-2018. Usual Source of Care (Santa

Barbara, Ventura). Available at http://ask.chis.ucla.edu. Data reflect a 2014-2018 average. 25 Analysis and Summary Report of Community Consultations 26 USC Equity Research Institute analysis of data from the 2018 5-year American Community Survey microdata from

IPUMS USA and O*NET. Universe includes the employed civilian noninstitutionalized population age 16 or older in occupations with valid data for the O*NET physical proximity score. Essential occupations were identified based on an assessment of information from federal and state sources. Higher-risk occupations are defined as having an

O*NET physical proximity score of greater than 3.25. Data represent a 2014 through 2018 average. 27 See “California Agricultural Statistics Review,” (2019-2020), by California Department of Food and Agriculture, at www.cdfa.ca.gov; “The California Farm Labor Force Overview and Trends from the National Agricultural Workers

Survey,” (2005), by Augirre International, at www.alrb.ca.gov 28 From “California Immigrant Data Portal, Occupations by status indicator,” (2018), at immigrantdataca.org 29 From “Where do Ventura County’s 36,00 farmworkers live? Officials don’t know,” (2020), by Erin Rode, Ventura

County Star, at www.vcstar.com 30 See “The California Farm Labor Force Overview and Trends from the National Agricultural Workers Survey,” (2005), by Augirre International, at www.alrb.ca.gov 31 From “Agricultural Worker Policy Review” by Joel Diringer and Nimrat Sandhu, Civic Capacity Research Initiative at

University of California Merced at https://clc.ucmerced.edu 32 From “Survey finds that relief for undocumented immigrants helped, but not enough” by Izzy Greenblatt, ABC10 at https://www.abc10.com

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33 See “Santa Barbara County COVID-19 Impact Report,” (2021), by Santa Barbara County Workforce Devolpment Board and Santa Barbara Foundation, at reachcentralcoast.org 34 From Local Area Unemployment Statistics by the State of California Employment Development Department (2021), at https://data.edd.ca.gov/Labor-Force-and-Unemployment-Rates/Local-Area-Unemployment-StatisticsLAUS-/e6gw-gvii/data 35 From “An Analysis of Unemployment Insurance Claims During the COVID-19 Pandemic,” by California Policy Lab, (2020), at www.capolicylab.org 36 From “Persisting Joblessness among Non-Citizens during COVID-19,” by Edward Orozco Flores and Ana Padilla, (2020), UC Merced Community and Labor Center, at clc.ucmerced.edu 37 From “Americans and their gadgets,” by Aaron Smith, (2010), Pew Research Center, at www.pewresearch.org 38 From “Home broadband adoption, computer ownership vary by race, ethnicity in the U.S.,” by Sara Atske and Andrew Perrin, (2021), Pew Research Center, at www.pewresearch.org 39 From “Digital divide persists even as Americans with lower incomes make gains in tech adoption,” by Emily A. Vogels, (2021), Pew Research Center, at www.pewresearch.org 40 From “Digital inclusion through mobile phones?: A comparison between mobile-only and computer users in internet access, skills and use,” by Teresa Correa, Isabel Pavez and Javier Contrreras. (2020). Information, Communication & Society, 23(7), 1074-1091. 41 From “US Digital Divide Threatens Vaccine Access for Older People,” by Subhajit Saha, (2021), Human Rights Watch, at www.hrw.org 42 From “Online sign-ups complicate vaccine rollout for older people,” by Patty Nieberg and Suman Naishadham, (2021), ABC News, at abcnews.go.com 43 From “No internet? no vaccine: How lack of internet access has limited vaccine availability for racial and ethinic minorities,” by Tamra Burns Loeb and others, (2021), The Conversation, at theconversation.com 44 See “Internet / Broadband Fact Sheet,” (2021), Pew Research Center, at www.pewresearch.org 45 Analysis and Summary Report of Community Consultations 46 USC Equity Research Institute analysis of the 1990 and 2000 Decennial Census (5 percent samples) and 2018 5-year American Community Survey microdata from IPUMS USA. 47 USC Equity Research Institute analysis of the 2000 Decennial Census (5 percent sample) and 2018 5-year American Community Survey microdata from IPUMS USA. 48 USC Equity Research Institute analysis of the 2000 Decennial Census (5 percent sample) and 2018 5-year American Community Survey microdata from IPUMS USA.; Analysis and Summary Report of Community Consultations 49 Analysis and Summary Report of Community Consultations 50 USC Equity Research Institute analysis of 2018 5-year American Community Survey Microdata from IPUMS USA. Note: Universe includes all households (no group quarters). Data represent a 2014 through 2018 average. 122 TOWARDS A JUST AND EQUITABLE CENTRAL COAST

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51 From “Breadwinning Mothers Continue To Be the U.S. Norm,” by Sarah Jane Glynn, (2019), Center for American

Progress, at www.americanprogress.org 52 USC Equity Research Institute analysis of data from the 2018 5-year American Community Survey microdata from

IPUMS USA. Note: Universe includes women civilians who are noninstitutionalized full-time wage and salary workers ages 25-64. Values are in 2018 dollars. Data reflect a 2014 through 2018 average. 53 USC Equity Research Institute analysis of data from the 2018 5-year American Community Survey microdata from

IPUMS USA. Note: Universe includes all persons ages 25 through 64. Data represent a 2014 through 2018 average. 54 See “Food Security in the U.S.”, (2021), USDA, at www.ers.usda.gov for more information 55 See “Hunger & Poverty in Santa Barbara County: Before COVID-19”, (2017-19), Feeding America, at map. feedingamerica.org for map; See “Hunger & Poverty in Santa Barbara County: Before COVID-19”, (2017-19),

Feeding America, at map.feedingamerica.org for map 56 See “Food insecurity rates are higher for single mother households and households with income below the poverty line”, (2019), USDA, at www.ers.usda.gov for chart 57 From “Food Banks in Two Counties Need Support”, by Camas Frank, (2021), Central Coast Journal, at slojournal. com for more information 58 From “Countywide coalition of nonprofits targets senior food insecurity”, (2020), CoastalView.com, at www. coastalview.com for more information 59 From “Foodbank of Santa Barbara County marks one year of COVID-19 response”, by Tracy Lehr, (2021), KEYT.com, at keyt.com for more information 60 From “The latest limited stay at home order leads to more food insecurity in Santa Barbara County”, by JOhn

Palminteri, (2021), KEYT.com, at keyt.com for more information 61 From “Food Share Ventura County distributes record amount of food during pandemic”, by Julia Nguyen, (2021),

KEYT.com, at keyt.com for more information 62 From “Coronavirus: Emergency food distribution increases 138% in 2020. Here’s what we know”, by Cheri Carlson, (2021), VC Star, at www.vcstar.com for more information 63 From “Food Share Ventura County distributes record amount of food during pandemic”, by Julia Nguyen, (2021),

KEYT.com, at keyt.com for more information 64 See “Housing Crisis 805”, by CAUSE, at causenow.org for more information 65 See “Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice”, by BBC Research & Consulting, (2015), at www. cityoflompoc.com for more information 66 See “Affordable Housing in Santa Barbara: An Oxymoron?”, (2019-20), Santa Barbara Grand Jury, at www.edhat. com for more information 67 From “Ventura County cities are behind on affordable housing goals, ahead on high-income housing”, by Erin

Rode, (2020), Ventura County Star, at www.vcstar.com

Endnotes continued

68 See “Affordable Housing in Santa Barbara: An Oxymoron?”, (2019-20), Santa Barbara Grand Jury, at www.edhat. com for more information 69 From “ ‘A feeding frenzy’: Southern California home prices up 15%”, by Andrew Khouri, (2021), Los Angeles Times, at www.latimes.com for more information 70 From “Despite pandemic, home sales soaring in Santa Barbara”, by Blake DeVine,(2021), KEYT, at keyt.com for more information 71 See “Santa Barbara, CA Rental Market Trends”, (2021), RENTCafé, at www.rentcafe.com; See “Oxnard, CA Rental

Market Trends”, (2021), RENTCafé, at www.rentcafe.com 72 From “Latinos Are Being Pushed Out of Santa Barbara in Droves”, by Tyler Hayden, (2018), Santa Barbara

Independent, at www.independent.com for more information 73 From “Where self-interest trumps ideology: liberal homeowners and local opposition to housing development”, by

Marble, W., & Nall, C, (2021), The Journal of Politics, 83(4), 000-0 74 From “Bay Area transplant starts a Ventura County 'YIMBY' group” by Erin Rode, (2019), Ventura County Star, at www.vcstar.com for more information 75 See “Affordable Housing in Santa Barbara: An Oxymoron?”, (2019-20), Santa Barbara Grand Jury, at www.edhat. com for more information 76 USC Equity Research Institute analysis of data from the 2018 5-year American Community Survey microdata from

IPUMS USA. Note: Universe includes all occupied households. Data represent a 2014 through 2018 average. 77 USC Equity Research Institute analysis of data from the 2018 5-year American Community Survey at data.census. gov 78 See “Coastal Housing Coalition”, (2015), pg. 3, at static1.squarespace.com for more information 79 See “Housing Crisis 805,” CAUSE, pg. 9, at causenow.org 80 See "Eliminate Rent Burden," National Equity Atlas, at https://nationalequityatlas.org 81 See “Rent Debt in America: Stabilizing Renters Is Key to Equitable Recovery”, (Sep 16, 2021), National Equity Atlas, at https://nationalequityatlas.org/rent-debt-in-america 82 See “Housing Crisis 805,” CAUSE, at causenow.org 83 See “Ventura County 2020: Homeless Count and Subpopulation Survey”, (2020), Ventura County Continuum of

Care Alliance, at s33020.pcdn.co for more information 84 From “Newsom Clings to Lead in Recall While Crime Becomes a Top Issue for CA Voters”, (2021), Emerson College

Polling, at emersonpolling.reportablenews.com for more information 85 From “Current State of Homelessness and Phase II Community Action Plan to Address Homelessness”, (Feb 23, 2021), County of Santa Barbara, at https://santabarbara.legistar.com for more information; From “Ventura County to skip annual homeless count in 2021 due to COVID-19 pandemic”, by Erin Rode, (2020), VC Star, at www.vcstar. com for more information

Endnotes continued

86 From “22 COVID-19 cases confirmed Santa Maria Shelter outbreak, some among vaccinated”, by Laura Place, (2021), Santa Maria Times, at santamariatimes.com 87 See “CEO Redevelopment Agency”, at countyofsb.org 88 USC Equity Research Institute analysis of data from the 2018 5-year American Community Survey microdata from

IPUMS USA. Note: Universe includes all occupied households. Data represent a 2014 through 2018 average. 89 Center for American Progress. https://cdn.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/AAPI-report.pdf 90 From “Real estate prices increase as buyers move to Santa Barbara County”, by Andrew Khouri, (2021), Santa

Barbara News Press, at newspress.com; "Did you mean: Home Prices, Sales Climb 13% in January; Southern

California Housing Surge is Fueled by Low Mortgage Rates and a Desire for More Space Amid Pandemic Southern

California home prices, sales jump 13% in January ", Los Angeles Times, at https://www.latimes.com/business/ story/2021-02-22/southern-california-january-home-prices-jump 91 From "Disparities in Wealth by Race and Ethnicity in the 2019 Survey of Consumer Finances," by Neil Bhutta and others, (2020), FEDS Notes. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, (2020), at https://doi. org/10.17016/2380-7172.2797 92 From “Has Wealth Inequality in America Changed over Time? Here Are Key Statistics,” by Ana Hernandez Kent and

Lowell R. Ricketts, (2020), at www.stlouisfed.org 93 From “Wealth Gaps between White, Black and Hispanic Families in 2019,” by Ana Hernandez Kent and Lowell R.

Ricketts, (2021), at www.stlouisfed.org 94 From “Dismantling the School-to-Prison Pipeline: A Trauma-Informed, Critical Race Perspective on School

Discipline”, by Stacey Dutil, (2020), Children and Schools 42(3): 171–78. 95 From “The School to Prison Pipeline: Long-Run Impacts of School Suspensions on Adult Crime”, by Andrew

Bacher-Hicks, Stephen B Billings, David J Deming, and National Bureau of Economic Research, (2019), National

Bureau of Economic Research ; From “Reducing Racial Inequalities in Adulthood Arrest by Reducing Inequalities in School Discipline: Evidence from the School-to-Prison Pipeline”, by J. C. Barnes and Ryan T. Motz, (2018),

Developmental Psychology 54(12): 2328–40; From “The School-to-Prison Pipeline: Disproportionate Impact on Vulnerable Children and Adolescents”, by Christopher A. Mallett, (2017), Education and Urban Society 49(6): 563–92 96 From “Why There’s a Push to Get Police Out of Schools”, by , Anya Kamenetz, (2020), NPR, atwww.npr.org 97 See “Juvenile Felony arrest Rate, by Race/Ethnicity”, KidsData, at kidsdata.org for more data 98 See “Students Suspended From School”, (2019), KidsData, at www.kidsdata.org for more data 99 From “School Discipline in the Era of COVID-19”, (2020), End Zero Tolerance, at www.endzerotolerance.org 100 From “Los Angeles School District Cuts One-Third of Its Police Officers”, Jill Cowan, Shawn Hubler, and Kate Taylor, (2021), The New York Times, at www.nytimes.com 101 From “Students Voice Concerns to Santa Barbara Unified School Board”, (2020), Edhat, at www.edhat.com

Endnotes continued

102 From “Santa Barbara School Board Supports Demands of Black Student Youth”, (2020), Noozhawk, at www. noozhawk.com 103 From “Ventura Unified to take closer look at school resource officer program”, by Shivani Patel, (2020), Ventura County Star, at www.vcstar.com 104 From “Enrollment in Ventura Unified School District reaches lowest point in 25 years”, by Shivani Patel, (2021), Ventura County Star, at www.vcstar.com 105 From “The Color of Justice; The Landscape of Traumatic Justice”, by Cancio, R. and others, (2019), Alliance of National Psychological Associations for Racial and Ethnic Equity, at www.aecf.org 106 From “How does incarcerating young people affect their adult health outcomes?”, by Elizabeth S. Barnert and others, (2017) Pediatrics, 139(2), e20162624, at pediatrics.aappublications.org 107 From “Promoting a new direction for youth justice: Strategies to fund a community-based continuum of care and opportunity”, by Samantha Harvell and others, (2019), Urban Institute, at www.urban.org 108 From “Fires, floods and free parking: California’s unending fight against climate change”, by Scott Wilson, (2019), The Washington Post, at www.washingtonpost.com 109 See “Raising up Farm Workers, Ventura,” and “Raising up Farm Workers, Santa Barbara,” 2015, CAUSE Reports; “In Pursuit of Environmental Justice: New State Law Maps Disadvantaged Communities”, by Kimberly Rivers, (2017), VC Reporter, at vcreporter.com 110 From “The (in)visible victims of disaster: Understanding the vulnerability of undocumented Latino/a and indigenous immigrants.” By Michael Méndez, Genevieve Flores-Haro, and Lucas Zucker. (2020). Geoforum; journal of physical, human, and regional geosciences, 116, 50–62. at https://doi.org 111 From “Fires, floods and free parking: California’s unending fight against climate change”, by Scott Wilson, (2019), The Washington Post, at www.washingtonpost.com 112 From “Santa Barbara community choice energy program coming soon, residents will be opted in”, by Rachel Showalter, (2021), KCBX, at www.kcbx.org 113 From William H. Frey, “The New Racial Generation Gap.” Los Angeles Times December 29, 2015. https://www. latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-1229-frey-racial-generation-gap-20151229-story.html; Manuel Pastor, Justin Scoggins, and Sarah Treuhaft, “Bridging the Racial Generation Gap is Key to America’s Economic Future.” University of Southern California Equity Research Institute and PolicyLink, 2017. https://www.policylink.org/sites/ default/files/RacialGenGap_%20final_0.pdf 114 From "State of Resistance: What California’s Dizzying Descent and Remarkable Resurgence Mean for America’s Future" by Manuel Pastor (New York, NY: New Press, 2018). 115 From “America’s Divides by Race and Age Place Our Economic Future at Risk: States and Counties with Large ‘Racial Generation Gaps’ Invest Less in Public Education” by Manuel Pastor, Justin Scoggins, and Sarah Treuhaft, (Oakland, CA: PolicyLink, 2017). 116 From “Large Racial Turnout Gap Persisted in 2020 Election,” by Kevin Morris and Coryn Grangel, Brennan Center athttps://www.brennancenter.org. Note that Data on Native American voters are not available in the referenced 126 TOWARDS A JUST AND EQUITABLE CENTRAL COAST

Endnotes continued

dataset and reports. 117 See “Report of Registration,” (Aug 30, 2021), California Secretary of State, at https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/ ror/15day-gen-2018/age.pdf 118 See “All-In Nation: An America that Works for All by Robert Lynch and Patrick Oakford, Policylink and the Center for

American Progress at https://www.policylink.org/sites/default/files/AllInNation-book.pdf

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