Potato guide

Crop Protection Solutions

2016 Seed Piece Treatments I Fungicides I Post-harvest treatments I

Herbicides I Insecticides

MAKE TIME FOR WHAT REALLY MATTERS. CORAGEN CAN HELP. ®

You’re proud of your potato crop. Let’s face it. No one ever looks back and wishes they’d spent more time controlling crop damaging, yield robbing insects. We get that. DuPont™ Coragen® is powered by Rynaxypyr®, a unique active ingredient and a novel mode-of-action that delivers extended residual control of European corn borer, decreasing the number of applications needed in a season. And, if your Colorado potato beetle seed treatment control breaks late in the season, Coragen® can provide the added control you need, so you have time for more important things. Its environmental profile makes Coragen® a great fit for an Integrated Pest Management Program and it has minimal impact on beneficial insects and pollinators when applied at label rates.1

DuPont Coragen ™

®

Insecticide

For farmers who want more time and peace of mind, Coragen is the answer.

Questions? Ask your retailer, call 1-800-667-3925 or visit coragen.dupont.ca ®

1

In line with Integrated Pest Management and Good Agricultural Practices, insecticide applications should be made when pollinators are not foraging to avoid unnecessary exposure.

As with all crop protection products, read and follow label instructions carefully.

Member of CropLife Canada.

Unless indicated, trademarks with ®, ™ or

1460 Coragen Potato Ad_NatPotGuide.indd 1

SM

are trademarks of DuPont or affiliates. © 2016 DuPont.

1/7/16 1:29 PM

New potato protection products for 2016 Forum

Sercadis

BASF’s Forum was expected to be registered in January 2016, says Scott Hodgins, manager for BASF Canada in Mississauga, Ont. Forum is composed of an active ingredient already used in the fungicide Zampro SC — dimethomorph, from the chemical Group 45. Forum’s mode of action makes it a highly systemic fungicide for the control of late blight in potato and other vegetable crops. Its anti-sporulating activity kills Phytophthora infestans, the spores of the late blight fungus, and protects the crop right at the beginning of infection. Forum will be offered in an easy-to-use liquid formulation. Forum will always have to be tank mixed with a contact, registered fungicide. basf.ca

Registered in October 2015, BASF’s Sercadis is a new broad-spectrum and highly systemic fungicide for the control of early blight (Alternaria solani), white mould (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), and Rhizoctonia canker or black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani).

Sercadis is registered to protect fruits and vegetables from many groups: Group 1B (root vegetables), Group 1C (tuberous vegetables — like potatoes — and corm vegetables), Group 3 (bulb vegetables), Group 4 (leafy vegetables, except those from the genus Brassica), Group 5 (Brassica/cole/leafy vegetables), Group 8 (fruiting vegetables), Group 9 (cucurbit vegetables — cucumber/melon/squash), Group 11 (pome fruits like apple and pear), Group 12 (stone fruits), Group 13 (berries and small fruits, including grapes and strawberries), and Group 14 (including almonds).

“We believe Canadian fruit and vegetable growers will appreciate Sercadis, not only for its highly systemic activity against diseases, but also for its tank-mix flexibility,” says Scott Hodgins, brand manager, horticulture and specialty crops at BASF. “The active ingredient in Sercadis is fluxapyroxad (brand name Xemium), a new compound within Group 7,” Hodgins says.

“Sercadis belongs to the carboxamide class of fungicides within the SDHI family. Its highly systemic nature allows this fungicide to protect the plant as it grows. It is extremely mobile and moves across the plant with translaminar and ascending diffusion.”

Sercadis is mostly immediately absorbed by the plant, the rest forming a crystalline deposit tightly bound to the waxy

Quadris Top Quadris Top is a broad-spectrum product composed of two fungicides. It offers preventive, systemic and curative properties for the suppression in potato crops of early blight (Alternaria solani), brown or target spot (Alternaria alternata) and black dot (Colletotrichum coccodes).

Quadris Top (azoxystrobin, a Group 11 fungicide, and difenoconazole, a Group 3 fungicide) is now registered for the suppression of white mould (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) when used at its highest rate (1 litre per hectare or 0.41 l/acre). syngenta.ca/

Potato Guide 2016

03 01

post-harvest treatment in potatoes, it can be considered as an additional tool for fighting against this increasingly widespread storage disease. bayercropscience.ca/

Sivanto prime

layer of the leaf, from which it gradually releases the molecule throughout the plant. This fungicide inhibits spore germination and production of the fungus at the leaf surface, as well as the development of its mycelium.

Optimal disease control is obtained when Sercadis is applied preventively, as part of a regular spraying program and in rotation with other fungicides. Sercadis can be readily tank mixed with other products on the market and offers flexibility regarding crop rotation.

Spraying of Sercadis on potatoes should start early in the season for the control of early blight. Sercadis can then be applied at early flowering for controlling white mould (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), using a non-ionic surfactant. When applied in the furrow, Sercadis delivers control of the soil-borne pathogen causing Rhizoctonia canker (Rhizoctonia solani). In the furrow, the fungicide must be sprayed along a band 10 to 20 cm (4-8 inches) wide. basf.ca

Serenade SOIL Registered in in May 2013, Bayer’s Serenade SOIL is available since 2014 for the control of the following diseases on potato fields: Rhizoctonia canker (black scurf and stem canker), caused by Rhizoctonia solani, pink rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica), leak and seed piece decay caused by Pythium species and, finally, rots due to several fusarium species.

This fungicide is made with the bacteria Bacillus subtilis (Group 44) and is particularly popular among organic potato growers and those willing to prevent resistance problems due to the repeated use of pesticides from the same chemical groups. Serenade SOIL acts as an armour for the potato roots.

What is new for this organic fungicide in 2016: it has been registered for the post-harvest suppression of silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani). It must be applied at the rate of 85 to 175 ml per tonne and with special attention to the quality of spraying. Indeed, these bacteria must completely coat the seed pieces. Disinfection and other cultural practices should also be used to help stop or minimize the presence of diseases on the tubers to be stored.

While Serenade SOIL is not the only product registered for

04 01

The active ingredient of Bayer’s Sivanto prime insecticide is flupyradifurone. It was registered by Health Canada in November 2015. Sivanto prime controls insect pests affecting many vegetable (including potato) and fruit crops.

It also controls sucking insects of potatoes, such as aphids and leafhoppers.

Sivanto prime is a broad-spectrum insecticide. It has a systemic activity with acropetal translocation, that is, it moves from the roots to the leaves when applied in the soil (not for potatoes).

When applied as a foliar spray, Sivanto prime moves in a translaminar way, in other words across the leaf tissue, which allows it to control insects feeding on the underside of the leaf. Sivanto prime is readily absorbed by the leaf tissue and is considered to be rainfast within an hour after drying. Its action is quick as well as residual. It protects the young leaves of potato plants. When sprayed against aphids, it stops their honeydew production only 90 minutes after spraying, and this, even for those aphids feeding on the lower leaf surface.

Sivanto prime can be applied with air-assisted sprayers, either through ground or aerial applications. Contrary to many Group 4 insecticides, Sivanto prime is only registered for foliar application on potatoes. As with other pesticides, Sivanto prime must be applied alternately with insecticides from other chemical groups targeting the same insect pests. All insecticides must be used according to an integrated pest management program which includes scouting and record-keeping, and includes cultural and biological practices as well as other methods of chemical eradication. bayercropscience.ca/

Reflex Syngenta’s Reflex herbicide quickly kills emerged broadleaf weeds. It keeps the fields clean until row closure. It is registered for Eastern Canada only. The active ingredient of this Group 14 herbicide is fomesafen (an OPP inhibitor).

It also controls or suppresses some weed phenotypes that resist herbicides from Groups 2 (rimsulfuron) and 5 (atrazine, metribuzin). Reflex is particularly effective for preemergence control of redroot pigweed, common ragweed and lamb’s quarters. It must be applied immediately after hilling to prevent germination of the weeds mentioned on the label. Syngenta Canada recommends not to apply Reflex on soils having more than five per cent organic matter or on fine-textured soils. It cannot be applied, in the same field, more than once every two years. syngenta.ca/

Potato Guide 2016

GROW POTATOES, NOT SWISS CHEESE. Proven by PEI growers to increase marketable yield.

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Safe, easy-to-use liquid.

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Protect your crop with Capture – a convenient liquid insecticide engineered to fit your operation.

POTATOES

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RASPBERRIES

Always read and follow label directions. FMC and Capture are trademarks of FMC Corporation. © 2015 FMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

|

FMCcrop.ca

Admire 240 / SPT (in-furrow and on seed pieces)

imidacloprid

4

X

X

X

Actara 240 SC (in-furrow and on seed pieces)

thiamethoxam

4

X

X

X

X

X

X

Alias 240 SC (in-furrow and on seed pieces)

imidacloprid

4

BAS 700 01 F / BAS 700 04 F

fluapyroxade

7

Capture 240 EC (in-furrow)

bifenthrine

3

Clutch 50 WDG / Chlothianidin (in-furrow)

chlothianidin

4A

Cruiser Maxx Potato Extreme

fludioxonil + difenoconazole + thiamethoxam

Emesto Quantum

chlothianidine + penflufen

4+7

Emesto Silver

penflufen + prothioconazole

7+3

Fortensa

cyantraniliprole

28

X

Genesis 240

imidacloprid

4

X

X

X

Genesis XT

mancozeb + thiophanatemethyl + imidacloprid

M+1 (4)

X

X

X

X

Genesis MZ

imidacloprid + mancozeb

M (4)

X

Grapple / Grapple 2

imidacloprid

Heads Up

Saponins from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)

Manzate 200 WP / MancoPlus

mancozeb

M

X

Maxim D

fludioxonil + difenoconazole

12+3

X

X

X

Maxim MZ PSP

fludioxonil + mancozeb

12+M

X

X

X

12+3+4

X X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

N

Y

N

Phostrol

phosphites

33

Polyram 16D

metiram

M

X

Potato ST16 / Tuberseal / PSPT 16%

mancozeb

M

X

Pyrifos 15 G / Chlorpyrifos 480 EC

chlorpyrifos

1B

Quadris F / Abound / Azoxy

azoxystrobin

11

Reason 500 SC

fenamidone

11

Ridomil Gold 480 SL / EC

metalaxyl-m

4

Senator PSPT

thiophanate-methyl

1

X

X

N

Y

X

Y

N

Y

N

Y

Y

X X3

X

X X

X X

Thimet 15-G

phorate

1B

Titan ST

chlothianidin

4A

X

X

X

X X X X X X

X

In-furrow treatment N

N

7

X

Seed piece treatment

Flea beetle

Y

Y

M

7

X

Y

penflufen

sedaxane

N

N

mancozeb

Vibrance Potato

Y

Y

Penred 240 FS (in-furrow and seed piece)

7

N

X

Y

Penncozeb 80 WP / Dithane M-45 8%

X

N

N

X

–

N

Y

Y

X

M

Y

Y

X

Bacillus subtilis

N

X

X

mancozeb

Y

X

X

Serenade SOIL (in-furrow)

Y

X

X

Solan MX / Condor MZ / Mancoplus

Y

N

X

4

X

Y

N

X

4 + 28

X

Y

X

thiamethoxam

X

Y N

Y

X

X

Y Y

X

Minecto Duo (in-furrow)

28

X

Y Y

X

Nipsit Inside

cyantraniliprole

X

X

thiamethoxam + cyantraniliprole

penthiopyrade

X

X

NA

Verimark (in-furrow and on seed pieces)

Application

X

4

Vertisan

Wireworm

Leafhopper

Aphids

Colorado potato beetle

Verticillium wilt

Common scab

Insect pest

Silver scurf

Rhizoctonia canker (black scurf)

Late blight

Pink rot

Seed piece decay and leak (Phythium spp.)

Common name (active ingredient)

Fusarium rot

Commercial name

Disease2

Group1

Seed piece treatment

X3

X

X3

X3 X

N

Y

Y

N

Y

N

N

Y

N

Y

Y

N

N

Y

Y

N

N

Y

Y

N

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

N

1. Group: Classification of fungicides according to their mode of action. Products belonging to the same group have a similar mode of action.

2. Diseases / Insects: The treatment product is registered for control or suppression of the corresponding diseases in the table.

3. For treatment of the seed piece only.

Y: Yes (applies for this type of application).

N: No (does not apply for this type of application).

06

Potato Guide 2015 2016

Mode of action of main active ingredient*** PND

dimethomorph (+ chlorotalonil or mancozeb or metiram)

40+M

PAD

X

Allegro 500F

fluazinam

29

EC

X

BAS 650 00 F

ametotradin

45

PND

BAS 700 01 F / BAS 700 04 F

fluxapyroxade

7

PND

X

Bravo 500 / Bravo Zn / Echo 90 DF / Echo 720 chlorothalonil

X

X

C

X

X

PND

X

X

boscalid

7

PND

X

Confine Extra / Winfield Phosphite Extra

phosphorus acid

33

CS

Copper 53 W

tribasic copper

M

C

X

Copper Spray

copper oxychloride

M

C

X

Curzate (+ Manzate or Dithane)

cymoxanil + mancozeb

27+M

PND

X

Cyazofamid 400 SC

cyazofamid

21

EC

X

Dithane / Manzate / Penncozeb

mancozeb

M

C

Evito 480 SC

fluoxastrobin

Gavel 75 DF

zoxamid + mancozeb

Headline EC

pyraclostrobin

Inspire Kocide 101 / 1000 / 2000 / Parasol FL / WP Luna Privilege

fluopyram

Luna Tranquility

fluopyram + pyrimethanil

Penred 240 FS

Cantus

X6 X

3 7-14

48

4

3 5-10

12

4

3 7-10

12

7

– 7-14

48

1

– 7-10

24

3

3 7-14 4

14

4

1

5

14

X

48

1

10

5

X

24

1

10 7-10

24

8

7

5-7

12

7

6

7

X

24

1

– 5-10

X

X8

X

11

PND

X

12

7

3

7

22+M

EC

X

X

48

3

6

7

11

PND

X

X

48

3

3 7-14

difenoconazole

3

PAD

X

copper hydroxide

M

C

X

24 14

4

48

1

10 7-10

12

7

5 7-14

12

7

5 7-14

–

–

–

12

0

7 7-14

X

24

1

– 7-10

X

48

7

4 7-10

X

X

7

PND

X

7+9

PND

X

penflufen

7

PND

Phostrol

phosphorus acid

33

CS

Polyram DF

metiram

M

C

Presidio / Fluopicolide 4 SC (+ Bravo)

fluopicolid

43

PAD

Quadris F

azoxystrobin

11

PND

X

Quadris Top

azoxystrobin + difenoconazole

11+3

PND

X

Quash (Metconazole 50 WDG)

metconazole

3

PAD

X

Ranman 400 SC

cyazofamid

21

EC

Reason (+ Bravo or Dithane DG)

fenamidone

11

PND

Revus

mandipropamid

40

PND

Ridomil Gold / Bravo Duo

metalaxyl-m + chlorothalonil

4+M

CS

X

X

X

X

Ridomil Gold MZ

metalaxyl-m + mancozeb

4+M

CS

X

X

X

X

X X

X

pyrimethanil

9

PND

X

7

PND

X

Serenade ASO / MAX

Bacillus subtilis

M

C

X

Tanos 50 DF

famoxadone + cymoxanil

11+27

PND

X

Tattoo C

propamocarb HCL + chlorothalonil

28+M

PAD

Torrent 400 SC

cyazofamid

Treoris

penthiopyrade + chlorothalonil penthiopyrade ametoctradin + dimethomorph

X

X

X

X6

X6

X X

X6 X

X

X X

fluxapyroxad

Vertisan

X

X

Scala SC (+ Bravo)

Zampro SC

X X6

Sercadis

21

EC

9+M

PND

X

7

PND

X

40+45

PAD

X

X

X

X6

–

–

12 1-906 3 7-14 24 14

3 7-14

12

1

3 7-10

12

7

6

7

48 14

6 7-10

12 14

4 7-14

48 14

3

48

3

3 10-14

48

7

6 7-14

12

7

3 7-14

4

0

– 7-10

14

X

24 14

6

7

X

48

7

6

5-7

12

7

6

7

X

X X

X

1. Group: Classification of insecticides according to their mode of action. Products from the same group have a similar mode of action .

To prevent the resistance, repeated applications of products from the same group must be avoided.

2. Diseases: Each of these fungicides is registered for control or suppression of the corresponding diseases.

3. Delay before harvest (DBH): The number of days between the last application of the fungicide and the harvest.

4. Maximum number of applications: The maximum number of fungicide applications per season, if specified on the label.

5. Interval between applications: The maximum and minimum numbers of days between two consecutive applications of the same product.

6. When fungicide is used in the furrow.

7. Security delay (SD): Delay (hours) before going into the treated zone.

8. Post-harvest application.

Some fungicide combinations are approved by the Pest Management Regulatory Agency.

Application guidelines may vary from one province to another.

Make sure to always read guidelines before using any fungicide.

Potato Guide 2015 2016

1

12 30 X

X

12

24 14 10 7-10

X

M

pyraclostrobin + metiram

X X

X

11+M

Cabrio Plus

X

Maximum number of applications4 Interval between applications (days)5

Group1 11

Acrobat 50 WP (+ Bravo or Dithane DG or Polyram DF)

Delay before harvest (days)3

Active ingredient azoxystrobin

Security delay (hours)7

Commercial name Abound / Azoxy

Restrictions

Grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) Late blight on tubers (Phytophthora infestans) Rhizoctonia canker (Rhizoctonia spp.)

Black dot (Colletotrichum coccodes) Brown leaf spot (Alternaria alternata) Silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani)

Diseases2 Early blight (Alternaria solani) Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) White mould (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) Pink rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica) Seed piece decay, leak (Pythium spp.)

Fusarium rot (Fusarium spp.)

Fungicides

X6 X

12 14

4 7-14

12

7

3 7-14

12

4

3 5-10

Mode of action of the main active ingredient C

Contact

EC

Elaborated contact (anti-sporulating action)

PND

Penetrating: non-diffusing or translaminar

PAD

Penetrating with ascending diffusion

CS

Completely systemic

07

–

Stadium (post-harvest)

azoxystrobin + fludioxonil + difenoconazole

Storox

hydrogen peroxide

Verticillium wilt (Verticillium spp.)

Bacillus subtilis

Common scab (Streptomyces spp.)

Serenade SOIL

Silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani)

X

33

Rhizoctonia canker or black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani)

–

phosphorous acid

Late blight (Phytophthora infestans)

Pseudomonas syringae

Confine / Confine Extra

Blackleg, bacterial soft rot (Erwinia)

Bio-Safe 10 LP

Pink rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica)

Common name (active ingredient)

Leak, seed decay (Pythium spp.)

Commercial name

Fusarium rot (Fusarium spp.)

Disease2

Group1

Post-Harvest treatment

X X

X

X X

11+12+3

X

–

X

X

1. Group: Classification of fungicides according to their mode of action. Products belonging to the same group have a similar mode of action.

2. Diseases / Insects: The treatment product is registered for control or suppression of the corresponding diseases in the table.

Dual II Magnum3 Dual II Magnum + Lorox

15

X

Perennial sow-thistle

Yellow nutsedge

P

P

P

P

P

P

E

P

E

P

P

P

P

P

E

P

E

E

P

E

–

–

–

E

–

–

–

–

–

Canada thistle

P

E

Quackgrass

Pigweeds

Common ragweed

Wild mustard

Lamb’s quarters

P

Polygonum

Foxtails

X

P

P

P

P

P

P

M

–

E

–

E

E

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

X

E

E

P

E

E

P

E

P

–

P

M

P

E

P

P

P

X

E

E

P

E

E

P

E

E

E

P

E

G

M

P

P

P

E

E

E

E

E

–

E

M

M

P

E

M

E

G

P

P

E

E

P

E

E

E

E

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

G

G

G

G

G

–

G

M

G

G

G

G

–

G

M

P

X

15+7

(Smartweed, wild buckwheat)

Proso millet

X

16

Fall panicum

14

Des-I-Cate2

Witchgrass

Chateau WDG

Wild oats

X

Barnyard grass

15+5

Perennial weeds

Crab grass

Post-emergence

Early post-emergence

Pre-emergence (cracked soil)

Pre-emergence

14

Boundary LQD

Annual broadleaf weeds

Annual grassy weeds

Before harvest2

Aim EC

Preplant

Commercial name

Application time

Group1

Herbicides

Eptam 8E3

8

Excel Super

1

Glyphosate (many formulations)

9

Gramoxone3

22

Ignite SN3

10

E

E

E

E

E

–

E

E

E

E

E

E

–

–

–

–

Lorox L3 / Linuron 400 L3

7

X

M

M

P

P

M

P

M

E

E

P

G

G

P

P

P

P

Outlook

15

X

E

E

–

E

E

–

E

P

P

P

E

P

M

P

P

P

Poast Ultra

1

X

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

P

P

P

P

P

P

M

P

P

Prism

2

X

P

E

P

E

E

P

E

–

M

G

E

P

–

G

–

–

X X X

X X

X

X

Reglone2

22

X

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

P

P

M

P

Reflex

14

X

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

E

E

E

E

E

–

–

–

–

Sencor + Linuron

5+7

X

–

5

X

7+15

X

Sencor3 Sencor + Dual II Magnum Sencor + Eptam

5+8

Sencor + Gramoxone

5+22

Sencor + Linuron

5+7

Venture L3 Rating * E

Excellent

G

Good

F

Fair

P

Poor

–

Insufficient data

08

1

X

X

X X X X

G

G

–

G

G

–

G

E

E

E

E

E

P

P

P

G

G

–

G

G

–

G

E

E

E

E

E

P

P

P

P

E

E

E

E

E

–

E

E

E

E

E

E

M

P

P

–

M

E

E

E

M

–

E

G

E

E

E

E

M

P

P

P

G

G

G

G

G

–

G

E

E

E

E

E

–

G

M

–

G

G

–

G

G

–

G

E

E

E

E

E

P

P

P

–

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

P

P

P

P

P

P

E

P

P

1. Group: Products belonging to the same group have a similar mode of action.

To prevent resistance to a product, avoid repeated applications of products from the same group.

2. Pre-harvest: These products are used as vine killers before harvest.

3. Combinations with other herbicides are also registered. Application guidelines with other products may vary from one province to another. Make sure to always consult the label before use. * Efficiency of herbicide treatments may vary with time and rate of application.

Potato Guide 2015 2016

Delay before harvest (days)5 Security delay after treatment (hours) 6 Maximum number of applications7

Tarnished plant bug

Other lepidopterous insects

European corn borer

X

7

12

2

X

X

7

24

2

X

X

7

12

2

X

14

12

10

X

7

12

3

X

14

12

3

X

7

12

2

7

24

3

24

12

4

7

36

3

7

36

3

1

12

3

7

12

3

14

24

–

4

48

2

7

12

4

14

12

2

7

48

2

14

12

2

7

24

2

X

7

120

5

X

3

12

1

7

24

1

3

24

1

7

24

3

7

12

2

0

4

–

21

24

4

70

24

1

X

7

24

1

X

1

24

1

3

24

1

14

12

2

X

7

24

3

X

X

7

24

–

X

X

X

7

24

–

X

X

7

12

1-3

Active ingredient thiamethoxam

4

Admire 240 / Alias 240 SC

imidaclopride

4

Assail 70 WP

acetamipridre

Bartlett superior 70 oil / Superior 70 oil

mineral oil

Beleaf 50SG

flonicamid

9C

Clutch 50 WDG / Clothianidin

chlothianidin

4A

Closer SC

sulfoxaflor

4C

Concept

imidacloprid + deltamethrin

Coragen

chlorantraniliprole

28

Cygon 480 EC / Lagon 480 E

dimethoate

1B

X

X

Cygon 480 AG / Cygon 480

dimethoate

1B

X

X

Decis 5.0 EC

deltamethrin

3

Delegate

spinetorame

5

Diazinon / Diazol

diazinon

1B

X

X

X

Dibrom

naled

1B

X

X

X

Exirel

cyantraniliprole

28

X

Fulfill 50 WG

pymetrozin

9B

Furadan

carbofuran

1A

Governor 75 WP

cyromazin

17

X

Grapple / Grapple 2

imidaclopride

4

X

Imidan 50 W / Imidan 70 WP

phosmet

1B

X

X

Lannate

methomyl

1A

X

X

Lorsban / Warhawk 480 EC / Nufos 4E

chlorpyrifos

1B

X

Malathion / Fyfanon 50 EC

malathion

1B

Matador / Warrior / Silencer 120 EC

lambda-cyhalothrin

3

Movento 240 SC / 150 OD

spirotetramat

23

Novodor

Bacillus thuringiensis

11C

Orthene

acephate

1B

Pyrifos 15 G

chlorpyrifos

1B

Pyrinex 480 EC / Chlorpyrifos 480 EC

chlorpyrifos

1B

X

Pounce /Ambush 500 EC / Perm-Up

permethrin

3

X

Pro Malathion 50 EC

malathion

1B

Rimon

novaluron

15

Ripcord

cypermethrin

3

X

X

X

Sevin 50 W / 5-D / XLR / XLR Plus

carbaryl

1A

X

X

X

Sevin SL

carbaryl

1A

Success 480 EC / Entrust

spinosad

5

Sivanto prime

flupyradifurone

4D

Superior 70 Oil

mineral oil

N/A

Surround WP

kaolin

N/A

Thimet 15-G

phorate

1B

Thionex EC / Thionex 50 WSP

phosmet

1B

Twinguard

sulfoxaflor + spinetoram

Up-Cyde 2.5 EC

cypermethrin

3

X

X

X

Vydate

oxamyl

1A

X

X

X

4 N/C X X

X

X X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Wireworm

X

X8

Aphids4

Potato leafhopper X

X8

Commercial name1 Actara 240 sc / 25 WG

3+4

Restrictions

Flea beetle

Colorado potato beetle

Insect pests3

Group2

Insecticides

X X

X

X X X

X

X

X X

X

X

X

X

X X

X X

X

X

X

X X X

X

X X X

X

X

X X

X X

X

X

X

X X

X

X

X

X

7

24

3

X9

14

12

10

X

0

0

–

90

48

1

5

120

5

7

12

2

X

7

12

3

X

7

72

2

X X

X

4C + 5

X

X

X

X X

X

1. Commercial name: Many brands and/or formulations with the same active ingredient may be available.

2. Group: Classification of insecticides according to their mode of action. Products from the same group have a similar mode of action.

To prevent resistance to a product, repeated applications of products from the same group must be avoided.

3. Insect controlled: The insects for which a product is registered, as stated on the label. These insects may vary depending on the brand and the active ingredient. Check the label to make sure the insect pest is included on the list.

4. Aphids: Many species of aphids can take over the potatoes. For more information about the species of aphids that are controlled, check the label.

5. Delay before harvest: The number of days that must elapse between the last insecticide application and the harvest.

6. Security delay after treatment: The period to respect between the application and the time when workers can return to the field.

7. Maximum number of applications: The maximum number of times the insecticide can be applied per season as listed on the label. It is the number of ground applications; verify for aerial applications. Empty spaces mean that there is no restriction on the label.

8. When the insecticide is applied in the furrow.

9. This product has a repulsion action toward the insect.

Potato Guide 2015 2016

09

Maximum residue levels an issue that’s coming to a head New trade agreements should be good for horticultural product exports, but fuzzy rules around MRLs could become non-tariff barriers By ralph pearce, cg production editor

Mention maximum residue levels (MRLs) to a grower or a chemical company representative, and you’re likely to receive a frustrated response. In spite of trade deals between continental jurisdictions, the MRL issue continues to be a stick in the cogs of the smooth operation of trade agreements.

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) or the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) aside, MRLs continue to confound open trade around the world.

There are two camps in Canada affected by this issue: the horticulture sector, which has been front and centre for the past few years, and the grains sector, which is early in its dealings yet trying to stay ahead of the tolerances and barriers among trading nations. The struggle for each is in making sense of a principle that has few if any standards.

Much of the challenge in dealing with MRLs comes on two levels. The first is in establishing the tolerance levels for registered chemistries, a process that can be complicated at several stages. The science of detection in the past 30 years has advanced from parts per million to parts per billion, and in certain applications, parts per trillion. Yet as the science has advanced, many of the countries that Canada trades with have not done the same with their tolerance levels and can apply strict zero tolerances, making things unpredictable and a stumbling block on trade relations.

Codex Alimentarius oversees the development of internationally harmonized food safety standards, but there’s a backlog of tests for some newer compounds.

10 01

The second factor is the backlog of registrations by Codex Alimentarius, a combined agency of the World Health Organization and the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Codex oversees the development of harmonized food safety standards and fair business practices, yet applications for MRLs can sit for up to four years during which countries might be trading commodities based on mutually recognized and agreed-upon standards. At the end of that backlog period, it’s possible that Codex will establish a different MRL on a crop, even though it’s working with the same data provided by the applicant.

Negotiating tactic To be clear, this has nothing to do with food safety and has little impact on Canada’s potato sector. It’s also affecting all growers worldwide. But the impact of MRLs has yet to be fully determined, particularly with opportunities that may result from TPP or CETA. This is a trade “mechanism” that can be used as a political device or, under less scrupulous conditions, to cut the price of commodities. Craig Hunter, who oversees crop protection and research for the Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Growers Association (OFVGA) in Guelph, Ont., knows growers who have had buyers visit to arrange a purchase only to announce they’re unwilling to take the crop because of the use of certain chemicals. At that point they might agree to “take the crop off their hands — at a significantly lower price.

Hunter adds that since Codex is so slow and so far behind, countries such as China, South Korea, Malaysia and others are

Potato Guide 2016

Modern testing equipment allows testing of residues to parts per trillion, but even that is theoretically more than zero. setting their own residue standards. That sounds proactive, but it isn’t because of the measurement capabilities, political stances or trading practices.

“If countries want to use this as a non-tariff trade barrier, they can because the equipment allows them to,” says Hunter, referring to the parts-per-trillion capabilities for detection.

TPP concerns Potato growers might not have that much to worry about with MRLs — for the time being.

Most of Canada’a potato production stays at home, with most exports bound for the U.S., where MRLs are similar. Where there might be a conflict, however, is with the TPP. “We do ship frozen and processed potatoes into certain markets, and with the Trans-Pacific Partnership, Japan has agreed to eliminate its tariffs across the board,” says Hunter, adding that South Korea (which is not part of the TPP) will eliminate tariffs as well.

“If they take those tariffs off, we have that much more room to negotiate price and it may open up market potential. But it won’t matter if there are still MRL discrepancies that are used against us.”

To make matters even more challenging, in

Potato Guide 2016

mid-2014 the federal government dropped its subscription to an international database that provided organizations such the OFVGA and Pulse Canada with up-to-date information on MRL levels in different countries. In the spring of 2015, the MRL working group (under Pulse Canada’s lead) pooled some its own funds and purchased a subscription to a database that provides every MRL from every country that has such standards.

It also offers market intelligence about proposed changes, unpublished changes or speculative information from all of those countries.

“That way, we can provide our members with the most up-to-date information,” says Hunter, adding that the federal government is still trying to negotiate something for the rest of Canada.

“So we’re using grower money for that information because we absolutely need it.”

Consumer concerns Another factor that may take an increasing role is that of consumer interest — today’s consumers want to know more about food production, and not just in North America, but around the world. Gord Kurbis, director of market access and trade policy with Pulse Canada, says that could result in more MRL-

related trade disputes, particularly with some countries where there are high-profile and genuine food safety concerns.

That could lead to those countries that didn’t monitor MRLs before monitoring them now. If nothing else were to change, those involved in MRLs in Canada wouldn’t be too concerned because of the reputation for clean crops and the willingness to stand behind the compliance with relevant food safety standards around the world.

But the ability to monitor at parts per billion and parts per trillion doesn’t guarantee better MRL policies or opening the door on increased trade.

“At 10 ppb, you probably don’t have any detectable residues,” says Kurbis. “But if you can measure down to one ppb, which is probably well below a level that’s biologically significant, you could be non-compliant if the importing country has a default policy which says, ‘If we don’t have a number on the books, we’re going to default to zero.’”

Another trend is that there are more countries around the world that formerly used Codex as their source for MRLs to evaluate the data, coming up with a risk assessment and a maximum residue limit. But they’re moving away from that process and establishing their own national approaches.

“And that would be fine if governments did a better job of talking to each other but it almost seems as though things are being done in isolation,” says Kurbis. “In some cases, where there are more countries moving towards national approaches and where regulators are trying to get almost identical end points in terms of consumer protection, they’re coming with approaches that are completely different. And that’s tough for trade when there are all of these misaligned standards that you have to comply with.”

The one lesson that Kurbis has taken from this process is that a more co-operative effort is needed, hence the government-industry MRL task force that Pulse Canada is spearheading.

Ultimately, the goal is to make their priorities known to identify those measures they may need to manage in the future within our own value chains. They’re also trying to identify and get key MRLs needed, and identify long-term fixes for current discrepancies.

11 01

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