Fascinating Pakistan Magazine Jan-March 2024

Celebrating Pakistan Mountains

ISSN 2754-3145

VOLUME 04, ISSUE 01, JAN.-MAR. 2024

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A magical journey 07

11

Magical Journeys Snow Lake Odyssey: Traversing Pakistan’s Karakoram Wonderland

07

Lal Suhanra National Park-Bahawalpur

11

Gwadar and Coastal Tourism

15

SHOGRAN - A Must Visit Hill Station of Kaghan Valley

20

Botanical Treasures of Nagar Valley

25

Misgar - A Hidden Mountain Paradize

29

Heritage

33 to 43

Mesmerising Story of Sateen jo Aastan

33

Harmony in Stone:The Intricate Craftsmanship of Pakistan Monument

38

20

4 | JAN - MAR 2024

07 to 31

29

47

56 Business Invest in Pakistan - The land of opportunities News & Events

44 to 44 44

45 to 51

Of Peace; Of Passion; Of Potential Unlimited; Salam Pakistan!

45

Pakistan Pavilion at World Travel Market (WTM) London ExCel

46

Cultural Emblem

47 to 59

Celebrating Pakistan Mountains: A Majestic Journey into Nature’s Grandeur

47

Jinnah Cap: The iconic attire of Quad-eAzam

52

For the Love of Bangles!

56

Arts & Crafts

60 to 66

Wallnut Wood Craft

60

Khussa a Fancy Footwear

63

Special Mention Exploring the World Beyond – Taqwa Observatory, Lasbela Cuisine Makai Ki Roti and Sarson Ka Saag

63

67 to 68 67

69 to 70 69

69

A Quarterly Publication Volume 04, Issue 01 CHIEF EXECUTIVE & CHIEF EDITOR Tahawur Husain Jafri

Editor’s Note

EDITOR Saira Zehra Jafri DIRECTOR BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT Shams Uddin CREATIVE HEAD Milana Veselinovic SOCIAL MEDIA MANAGER Rida Hussain ADVISORY BOARD Aftab Rana – MD PTDC Tariq Suleman – History & Heritage Tanveer Ahmed – Cuisine Ivan G. Somlai – Intn’l Development Ali Salman Anchan – Art & Culture PRINTING MANAGERS Strings Media Ltd.

W

ith the launch of this edition, Fascinating Pakistan turns a new leaf in its journey of showcasing Pakistan at the world stage and turns three. It has been a labour of love here at Fascinating Pakistan as we continue the odyssey into our fourth year of publication. I thank all the Fascinating Pakistan team for making it worthwhile.

It all seemed a dream few years ago when the idea was first envisioned of a magazine that would promote Pakistan as a tourist destination and showcase what Pakistan has to offer to the world. The year 2023, was of particular importance in our journey, with few major leaps we took. Fascinating Pakistan signed an MOU with PTDC (The Pakistan Tourism Board) as ‘Official Partner’, we won some major corporate subscriptions and shook hands with international travel fraternity while exhibiting at the World Travel Market in London as first and only Travel and Tourism Media of Pakistan.

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We’ve come a long way since our early days offering what was then a new style of tourism medium. Today our purpose to create meaningful experiences built around you is stronger than ever.

This edition of the magazine celebrates the Pakistan Mountains where peaks meet pride. Pakistan is home to the most majestic peaks in the world from Balochistan in the south and Gilgit Baltistan to Azad Kashmir in the North. The K2 being the second highest peak after Mount Everest lies in the Himalayas in Skardu, Pakistan.

The edition is packed with well written features by travel writers and subject experts. We cover hand-picked holiday destinations, the Pakistan women’s love for bangles, the traditional and modern Khusa shoes, heritage and history that will have you mesmerized, and it all ends with a primal bond that’s conquers all- our comfort food to share our cultural joy with you.

Happy reading!

Come fall in love. #FascinatingPK

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6 | JAN - MAR 2024

Tahawur Husain Jafri Chief Editor & CEO Founder – Fascinating Pakistan t.jafri@stringsmedia.com

[ M AG I C A L J O U R N E Y S ]

Snow Lake Odyssey: Traversing Pakistan’s Karakoram Wonderland Approach to the Hispar Lake

JAN - MAR 2024 | 7

N

estled within the towering peaks of the Karakoram Range in Pakistan, the Snow Lake trek offers intrepid adventurers a journey into a realm of pristine glaciers, rugged landscapes, and untouched natural beauty. This challenging trek unveils breathtaking vistas, ancient glacial systems, and a history rich with both conquest and camaraderie. This region boasts the highest accumulation of glacial ice beyond Antarctica. If you’re seeking a true wilderness experience, here’s your guide to exploring the mesmerizing Snow Lake and its surroundings.

pinnacles that remain unconquered to this day. The lake’s ice has been the subject of scientific curiosity, with glaciologists estimating its depth to be around 1.6 kilometers. Some experts even suggest that Snow Lake houses the last vestiges of the earth’s original ice cap in temperate zones.

The Majestic Snow Lake: The Snow Lake area, at an impressive altitude of 4,877 meters above sea level, is a vast glacial basin, spanning more than 16km in width, situated at the source of the Biafo and Hispar glaciers. These two glaciers converge at the Hispar Pass.

Above these glaciers, the towering Karakoram Range hosts impressive peaks, including Kanjut Sar (7,760m), Distaghil Sar (7,885m), and Makrong Chhish (6,607m). Noteworthy summits in the vicinity include the Latok group with peaks such as Latok I (7,145m), Latok II (7,108m), Latok III (6,949m), and Latok IV (6,456m), as well as Baintha Brakk/The Ogre (7,285m).

This glacial basin is surrounded by imposing granite

Following the Footsteps of Explorers The Snow Lake trek has a history of intrepid explorers seeking to uncover its mysteries. In 1892, Sir William Martin Conway made his mark by ascending the Hispar Glacier and crossing the Hispar Pass, christening the glacial basin “Snow Lake.” Subsequently, in 1899, Dr. William Hunter Workman

Trekkers camp site

8 | JAN - MAR 2024

and Fanny Bullock Workman speculated that Snow Lake might resemble polar ice caps, from which glaciers radiate in all directions.

The year 1937 saw another significant expedition led by Eric Shipton, H.W. Tillman, J.B. Auden, and Michael Spender.

Despite the region’s extreme inaccessibility, this intrepid team ventured to explore Snow Lake, Hispar Pass, Panmah Glacier, and Biafo Glacier, further illuminating the area’s allure.

Equipping for the Expedition Before embarking on this epic adventure, ensure you’re fully equipped with the right gear. Sturdy hiking boots, warm clothing, a reliable sleeping bag, a durable tent, cooking equipment, a comprehensive first aid kit, and navigation tools such as maps and a GPS device are essential companions for this journey. With the rugged terrain and unpredictable weather, being well-prepared is paramount.

Navigating the Route The Snow Lake trek typically spans 18 to 20 days. The trek commences from the remote village of Askole and follows the Biafo and Hispar glaciers. To ensure your safety and navigation, it’s advisable to seek assistance from local guides or trekking agencies for up-to-date route information.

Timing Your Trek The best time to undertake the Snow Lake trek is from June to September, when milder weather prevails and the snow has largely melted, facilitating better access to the trail. During these months, the landscapes are alive with blooming wildflowers and clear blue skies, enhancing the overall trekking experience.

Securing Permits Exploring this remote region requires permits to enter restricted areas. Prior to embarking on your journey, ensure you’ve obtained the necessary permits. Local trekking agencies can be immensely helpful in guiding you through the permit acquisition process.

Physical Preparedness The Snow Lake trek demands a high level of physical fitness due to the rigorous terrain and high altitudes.

Acclimatization to the altitude is crucial to avoid altitude sickness. Being physically fit will enhance your overall enjoyment and comfort throughout the journey.

A Glimpse into History and Wildlife The Snow Lake region is steeped in history and wildlife. In ancient times, warriors from the kingdoms of Hunza and Baltistan used this natural pathway for both conquest and camaraderie. Today, this remote area serves as a sanctuary for various animal species, including the elusive snow leopard, Himalayan bear, ibex, and markhor.

The Majestic Snow Lake: The Snow Lake area, at an impressive altitude of 4,877 meters above sea level, is a vast glacial basin, spanning more than 16km in width, situated at the source of the Biafo and Hispar glaciers. These two glaciers converge at the Hispar Pass.

Above these glaciers, the towering Karakoram Range hosts impressive peaks, including Kanjut Sar (7,760m), Distaghil Sar (7,885m), and Makrong Chhish (6,607m). Noteworthy summits in the vicinity include the Latok group with peaks such as Latok I (7,145m), Latok II (7,108m), Latok III (6,949m), and Latok IV (6,456m), as well as Baintha Brakk/The Ogre (7,285m).

This glacial basin is surrounded by imposing granite pinnacles that remain unconquered to this day. The lake’s ice has been the subject of scientific curiosity, with glaciologists estimating its depth to be around 1.6 kilometers. Some

JAN - MAR 2024 | 9

experts even suggest that Snow Lake houses the last vestiges of the earth’s original ice cap in temperate zones.

A Trail of Passes and Glaciers The trek offers not only the mesmerizing Snow Lake but also a tapestry of passes and glaciers. Among the passes, Hisper-Khurdopin, Virjerv, Baraldu, Lukpe La, Skam La, Sim La, Sokha La, and Tahu Rutum beckon the adventurous at heart. The primary glacier, Simgang Glacier, and the glacial systems originating from Snow Lake, including Hisper Glacier, Biafo Glacier, Virjerv Glacier, Panmah Glacier, and Braldu Glacier, weave together a tale of ice and grandeur.

Itinerary of a Lifetime Your journey unfolds along a meticulously planned itinerary, taking you through a breathtaking landscape that’s both challenging and awe-inspiring. Beginning in Islamabad, the

Crossing the Hispar La

10 | JAN - MAR 2024

trail winds its way through Skardu, Askole, Mongo, Biantha, Naqpogoro, Karfogoro, Marphogoro, Snow Lake, Hispar La, Kani Basa, and more. With rest days interspersed, you’ll have ample opportunity to soak in the stunning surroundings and reflect on the journey thus far.

As you near the end of the trek, passing through picturesque villages like Hispar Village and Karimabad, you’ll have the chance to witness the intersection of ancient cultures against the backdrop of towering peaks.

A Conclusion and a Beginning The Snow Lake trek is a testament to the raw beauty and timeless allure of the Karakoram Range. As you traverse the rugged terrain, gaze upon the glaciers, and witness the majesty of Snow Lake, you’ll become part of a legacy of explorers who’ve ventured into this remote realm.

[ M AG I C A L J O U R N E Y S ]

Lal Suhanra National ParkBahawalpur

By Ijaz Malik

JAN - MAR 2024 | 11

P

akistan has 36 National Parks, most of which are under management of respective provincial governments and remaining are in private care.

Only some of these are under the conservation scope of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Two British experts were invited during 1966-67 to assess the endangered species in Pakistan and on the recommendations of those experts three National Parks were established in 1971, namely ; Lal Suhanra , Khunjrab and Kirthar Nation Parks respectively . Protection and conservation of the environment of Pakistan was included in the concurrent constitution of 1973. As a result, Environment Protection Ordinance was enacted in 1983, and Later, a new system of ‘Modern Protected Areas’ legislation began at the provincial level which assigned the protected areas with designations such as national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and game reserves. Further development of national parks was mainly carried out by National Conservation Strategy of 1992. Due to better awareness about their importance in conservation of biodiversity, 10 national parks have been established during the time period from 1993 to 2005.

12 | JAN - MAR 2024

According to the ‘Modern Protected Areas’ legislation, a national park is a protected area set aside by the government for the protection and conservation of its outstanding scenery and wildlife in a natural state. It is accessible to public for research, education and recreation.

In order to promote public use, construction of roads and rest houses is permitted. Use of firearms, polluting water, cleaning of land for cultivation, destruction of wildlife is banned in these areas.

Central Karakoram in Gilgit-Baltistan is currently the largest national park in the country and the smallest national park is the Ayubia In Galyaat . The oldest national park is Lal Suhanra in Bahawalpur District, established in 1972. It is also the only biosphere reserve of Pakistan. Lal Suhanra is the only national park which existed before the independence of the nation in August 1947. The main purpose of this area was to protect the wildlife of Cholistan Desert.

S.No

National park

Established

Area (Acers)

District(s)

1

Himalaya National Park

2020

491,493

Astore District GB

2

Hundrap-Shandur National Park

2012

8,184

Gupis-Yasin GB

3

Nanga Parbat National Park

2020

3,981

Astore GB

4

Broghil Valley

2010

332,960

Chitral-KP

5

Central Karakoram

1993

3,435,012

Hunza-Nagar & Shigar GB

6

Chinji

1987

15,061

Chakwal

7

Chitral Gol

1984

19,151

Chitral KP

8

Deosai

1993

885,626

Skardu GB

9

Deva Vatala

2009

7,396

Bhimber AJ&K

10

Gumot

2004

67,388

Neelum AJ&K

11

Musk Deer National Park

2009

130,509

Neelum AJ&K

12

Hazarganji-Chiltan

1980

38,437

Quetta

13

Hingol

1988

407,734

Awaran, Gwadar and Lasbela

14

Karakoram

—

576,912

Gilgit, Skardu GB

15

Kala Chitta

2009

91,343

Attock

16

Khunjerab

1975

560,714

Hunza GB

17

Kirthar

1974

762,896

Dadu

18

Lal Suhanra

1972

216,034

Bahawalpur

19

Lulusar-Dudipatsar

2003

75,058

Mansehra

20

Machiara

1996

33,438

Muzaffarabad, AJ&K

21

Manglot National Park

1990[3]

1,756

Nowshera

22

Margalla Hills

1979

42,962

Islamabad, Rawalpindi

23

Murree Kotli Sattian Kahuta National Park

2009

142,286

Rawalpindi

24

Pir Lasura

2005

13,900

Kotli AJ&K

25

Poonch River Mahaseer

2010

11,120

Kotli, Mirpur AJ&K

26

Qurumber

2011

182,858

Ghizer GB

27

Saiful Muluk

2003

12,027

Mansehra

28

Sheikh Badin

1993

38,400

Dera Ismail Khan

29

Toli Pir

2005

12,466

Poonch AJ&K

30

Panjal Mastan National Park

2005

12,466

Bagh AJ&K

31

Fairy Meadows National Park

1995

24,711

Diamer GB

32

Salt Range National Park

2021

33,853

Chakwal

33

Tilla Joggian National Park

2021

21,844

Jehlum

34

Koh-e-Sulaiman National Park

2021

74,132

Dera Ismail Khan

35

Ziarat National Park

2021

53,004

Ziarat

JAN - MAR 2024 | 13

Boating facility is available at the lake in Suharna

Patisar Lake: Comprising 4780 Acers is a Wetland under RAMSAR Convention, Historically it was a water reserve to cater need of Cholistani livestock and inhabitants. Currently it offers fishing and resting place for migratory birds Black Bucks Enclosure: This rare species suffered Complete extinction from Cholistan around 1973.

Subsequently in reciprocation to Ten pairs which were gifted to USA in 1940, the park received 13 pairs from USA in1973. Additionally six pairs each were donated by Australia and Denmark in 1982, followed by 18 from USA in 1988. Today the population stands around 500 plus.

Wild Life: Other wild life in the Park includes Blue Bull, Wolf, Jackal Wild boar, Civet Cat, Jungle Cat, Desert Cat, Wild Rabbit, Russell wiper snake, Cobra, Rattle snake, Wild

14 | JAN - MAR 2024

Lizards and White footed fox.

Recreation Facilities: Children Park spread over 105 Acres has Grassy Lawns , Mini Zoo,Chinkaras Enclosure, games and boating facility on the lake, besides an Arboretum (Desert Species) spread over 5 Acres.

Irrigated Plantation: An area of 18595 Acres Irrigated

by Bahawal Canal (Sutlej Rive Head Islam) has forest having main species like Shisham ( Dalbergia Sissoo) Kikar (Vachellia nilotica) Eucalyptus, Shareen( Albizia lebbeck) Jand ( Prosopis cineraria) Mullberry and Beri (Ziziphus mauritiana). These forest lands also have Four Rest houses.

Overall is this natural treasure is a retreat for the visitors and reseachers of biodiversity .

[ M AG I C A L J O U R N E Y S ]

Gwadar and Coastal Tourism P

akistan is blessed with tremendous tourism opportunities in cultural tourism, religious tourism and adventure tourism. According to the latest surveys, domestic tourism in Pakistan is gaining traction and is on the rise. By 2025, the government predicts tourism will contribute Rs1 trillion (US$6.0 billion) to the Pakistani economy.

Reaching Gwadar There are basically three approaches to reach Gwadar; by road, by air and by sea. All of these have beautiful sceneries to offer en-route. By road, along the Makran Coastal highways, it takes 8 to 9 hours from Karachi to Gwadar. By air, it takes only one hour to reach Gwadar from Karachi.

It takes about 12 hours to cover 640 Kms from Karachi to Gwadar by sea.

JAN - MAR 2024 | 15

Gwadar is one of the major trading ports of Pakistan, located in Balochistan. While the region boasts a rich history, it became a busy tourist destination just a few years ago, when the unexplored regions of Balochistan started to gain a lot of social media fame.

Today, Gwadar is one of the most frequented areas by tourists, especially by those looking to get away from the greyish tone of megacities.

Here’s all you need to know about travelling to Gwadar.

Located on the southwestern coast of Balochistan, Gwadar is a port city that has been a regional settlement for centuries. Many hidden gems of Balochistan have recently come to the fore, including Moola Chotok, Hingol National Park, Astola Island, and many others, boosting tourism in the region.

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has brought Gwadar into the limelight even more, with China not only creating a road that connects Gwadar Port to northern

16 | JAN - MAR 2024

Pakistan but also upgrading the port and the surrounding coastal area.

The hammerhead-shaped peninsula is home to the old town of Gwadar with hills on both ends. The most famous one among these is Koh-e-Batil since it offers magnificent views from the top after climbing nearly 700 steps on a steep staircase built into the mountain.

Hammerhead Resembling the shape of the hammerhead whale, this mass of rock was created by the mud volcano that erupted.

Majority of the rocks in the Gwadar district were created through the eruption of these volcanos. Hammerhead provides a spectacular view of the Arabian Sea on its southern side and a breathtaking view of the Gwadar city on its north.

Ormara Located 240 km from Karachi, Ormara is the midpoint of Karachi and Gwadar. This area is under the Pakistan navy, with their vessels scattered all over provide the tourists a rather captivating view of the naval forces at work. The hammerhead protects Ormara from the sea and the water remains untouched. Ormara was one of the pits stop for Alexander the great, and one of his generals died here, named Ormuz, thus the name Ormara.

The Sphinx Ever wondered how it would feel to see the wondrous sphinx in Egypt, up front and not in pictures? Gwadar has its own naturally carved sphinx, located on the top of the range, it exactly resembles the man-made sculpture. Its beauty and wonder have brought about many visitors from all over.

JAN - MAR 2024 | 17

Princess of Hope Located in the largest national park of Pakistan, Princess of Hope is another major tourist attraction. People believe that the formation was man made however history claims that it was carved in the same way as the sphinx and the hammerhead- through the eruption of the Mud Mountains that covered the regions.

Buzzi Pass

Main reason to travel to Gwadar, is known to be the Buzzi pass itself. It presents with such a spectacular scenery on each side, one simply remains in wonder and awe.

Overlooking the Hingol National Park and the wondrous natural carvings, it provides a spectacular view. Alexander the great passed by Buzzi Pass and lost many of his legions.

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Desert Passing by the Hingol River Bridge, is the coastal semi dessert that offers the locals and tourists a chance at desert safari on its sand dunes. It is yet again one of the reasons why the tourist gathering at Gwadar has increased.

Astola Island Also known as the “Island of the Seven Hills”, it is located in the Pasni ‘district of Gwadar. The island stretches 6.7 km and depth of 2.3, the highest point of the island is 246 ft. above the sea level. It provides a beautiful view of the Arabian Sea. It maintains a rather endemic living style due to its isolated location. It is known to support large breeding sites of water birds and creatures but lacks in any sort of greenery. There is no source of fresh water and all the agricultural activities depend on the occasional rainfall.

Apart from all these factors, one still cannot help but visit these areas because of beauty and the opportunities of camping, scuba diving and fishing.

About the author Brig. Fiaz Mahmood Qamer is a Ph.D (Management Sciences).

His expertise lies in tourism revival strategies, HRM, strategic planning & management, entrepreneurships, BCMS, project management and research. He works in the capacity of Group Head Hospitality Division, Hashoo Group. He has numerous travel and tourism related certificates from international universities under his belt.

He is a recipient of Imtiazi Sanad, (Certificate of Distinction) by the President of Pakistan, August 2007. He has also been awarded with the United Nations Medal for Peace Keeping, Afghanistan, 2004.

JAN - MAR 2024 | 19

[ M AG I C A L J O U R N E Y S ]

SHOGRAN A Must Visit Hill Station of Kaghan Valley

20 | JAN - MAR 2024

JAN - MAR 2024 | 21

K

aghan Valley is one of the most scenic tourist areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. This 160-kilometer-long valley is the most popular summer holiday resort for the thousands of tourists from the down country. The valley’s landscape features pine forests, alpine meadows, crystal clear lakes and cool mountain streams. Kunhar River, the main feature of the valley, is famous for its trout. Nestled along the banks of the river are the towns of Balakot, Kewai, Paras, Mahandari, Kaghan and Naran.

Among the scenic places, Shogran is one of the most popular and loveliest tourist destinations of Kaghan Valley.

Blessed with captivating all around natural beauty, the

22 | JAN - MAR 2024

strikingly beautiful plateau is an earthly paradise for the visitors.

Surrounded by thick pine forests and with an altitude of 2,362 meters (7,747 feet), the summer climate of Shogran is very mild and pleasant. A peaceful and beautiful place to visit in Shogran is the lush green lawns of the old forest rest house.

From the rolling grassy lawns of the rest house, one can have breathtaking panoramic views of snow-covered mountains in the western and northern sides. Kaghan Valley’s highest peaks, such as Musa Ka Musalla (4,419m), Makra (3,885m) and Malika Parbat (5,290m), are visible from here.

JAN - MAR 2024 | 23

A pleasant day excursion from Shogran is a visit to Sari and Paya. A rugged 8 km jeep road climbs 2,300 feet through thick pine forest to the top of Paya ridge, a vast expanse of undulating alpine meadows with spectacular views of Makra Mountain and Malika Parbat. In summer this place is full of wild alpine flowers which grow everywhere on the rolling grassy slopes of Paya.

From Paya, visitors can go for a day long hiking trip to climb the Makra (Spider) Mountain, which is 4,419 meters from sealevel. This mountain climb is recommended only for those who have previous experience in high altitude hiking and are familiar with the mountain wilderness safety rules.

Sari is a small lake on the way to Paya. One can stop here for a while for rest and have some refreshments at a local tea stall along the jeep road. This place also has a small forest rest house. Travelers can enjoy a hot cup of tea from one of the stalls while soaking in the majestic views of snow covered mountains reflected in the lake.

Shogran is situated at a distance of 34 km from Balakot via Kawai. From Balakot which is the gateway town of Kaghan Valley, the main road up the valley climbs quite rapidly, along the Kunhar River. This scenic route winds its way to Kawai (24km from Balakot) in around one hour.

Kawai is a small village beautifully located along the mountain side with fruit orchards and groves of walnut trees. It is the place from where an 8 km road branches off towards right for Shogran. The road from Kewai to Shogran is quite steep and presently suitable for only 4x4 jeeps.

The visitors who are travelling by cars and vans can leave their vehicles in the parking areas at Kewai and take a jeep from there to reach Shogran which costs around Rs.3000/for one way trip. The best time to visit Shogran is from April to September when the is mostly pleasant and the landscape of this area looks most beautiful.

Shogran has many hotels of different categories which provide comfortable boarding and lodging facilities for the visitors. Arcadian Resort, Pine Park Resort Hotel, Cedar Wood Resorts, Lalazar Hotel and Peradize Guest House are among some of the best places to stay at Shogran.

About the author Aftab Rana is a Tourism Development Specialist. He is the President of Sustainable Tourism Foundation Pakistan and a Vice President of Adventure Foundation Pakistan. He is also presently serving as Honorary Managing Director of PTDC. He is also a Fellow of Leadership for Environment and Development.

24 | JAN - MAR 2024

[ M AG I C A L J O U R N E Y S ]

by Mohammad Saleh

G

ilgit-Baltistan is a mountainous region of the Northern Pakistan with average altitude of 3555 m above sea level. Historically, it has often been referred to as “Western Tibet” or “Little Tibet.

The territories of the Gilgit-Baltistan region lie sparsely at acclivities and in deep mountains of Karakorum and Himalaya with unique landscape, climate, flora and fauna.

This article is an attempt to enumerate the plants and herbs of the Nagar valley and its mountains which possess some well-known and rare species. In a diverse landscape such as Nagar, it is not easy to decide whether certain plants should be noticed under agriculture or under the heading attached to this topic. Another issue with a nontechnical article is whether the plants of Nagar should not be classified according to their habitat or environment, as the valley might be divided into mountains, hilly country, plain, lakes and terraced fields. But perhaps the easiest classification, and the one most ready for reference, will be found in grouping the various indigenous plants and trees under their several commercial uses and properties, and in the following remarks I shall endeavor to adhere to this classification.

Condiments. Dyes. Fibers. Fodders. Foods and Fruits.

Medicines. Poisons. Aromatic

1.Condiments.

The most important of the condiments is Carum; the zirah siyah. This plant grows on the Chalt of Nagar when the land is cultivated with wheat and barley. It is a peculiar circumstance that the zirali siyah is not produced in any quantity unless the land is ploughed for cultivation. In former days zirah siyah was taxed, and the tax was farmed out to a contractor.

2. Dyes and Tans.

In the days when shawls and homemade fabric trade flourished every home and tribe had a skilled dyer, who, by mixing the vegetable dyes of the Nagar , produced colours of the softest tints. Datisca cannabina, ivaft iauj or fat, gives a yellow dye which was mixed with all colours save red and dark blue ; Rubia cordifolia and its more common substitute Geranium nepalense, both known as Cheerang, were mixed with rose, gold, and cream ; Panib tsallau, the wild rhubarb, was mixed for orange and gold ; the pomegranate flowers and rind were mixed with red, gold, and black ; Kaleal mixed with other dyes, furnished a Khaki and black colour ; Moivtvin was mixed with an ashy grey. Mallotus philippinensis, Kauiila, is said to be a product of Nagar dyes.

JAN - MAR 2024 | 25

Brown dyes are obtained from the outer rind of the walnut and from the bark of a species of Cotoneaster. The fruits of the apricot and mulberry give characteristic dyes. Among tanning materials may be mentioned the deodar, spruce, apricot, bark of alder and rind of pomegranate.

3. Fibers.

Nagar is very rich in fibers, and the natives make great use of them. It is possible that as communications with other areas improve a trade in fibers may be developed, as every year sees a great waste of valuable fiber-yielding plants.

The hunters of Nagar require ropes of good quality, and it is stated that for towing-ropes the Thunchy fibre is the best material. The following indigenous plants yield fiber for ropes and other purposes:

the Nagari house some 20 years ago. The straw of rice and the stalks of maize furnish a portion of the fodder required for the winter months, but this has to be supplemented, and nature has been very bountiful in supplying food for cattle and sheep. In September one sees various kinds of maimed trees bearing in their forks the fodder which has been cut for winter use. Of the trees used for fodder the most common are Salix, this is the best of sheep fodders, and the willow is cultivated almost entirely with a view to providing food for sheep.

There are varieties of willows, and the mountain willow is much prized as cattle fodder. The Indian chestnut, Aesculus indica [Ddii), the Cotoneaster the hawthorn ring, poplars, are always lopped to provide cattle-fodder in the winter. In the spring the tender shoots of Ulmus Wallichiana form a favorite food of the yaks. Nagar is rich in grasses, and the boundaries of the rice fields furnish a fine crop of hay every year.

•

Iris Ensata

•

Cannabis Sativa

•

Abutilon Avicenna

•

Rush Vandil

•

Typha

•

Betula utilis Burza

•

Carex Nubigena

•

Carex.

•

Ulmus Wallichiana

Nagar is blessed with the wonderful wealth of food given by the wild plants of the Chaprot and Minapin forest. These plants occur on other valleys and mountain sides as well. On the lakes and swamps we find the following food plants growing wild :

•

Celtis Australisj

•

Water-chestnut

•

Indigofera Heterantha

•

Water-lily.

•

Cotoneaster

•

Sacred lotus.

•

Parrotia Jacquemontiana

•

Sweet flag

•

Salix

•

Reed mace.

•

Trapa bispinosa Singhdra and gari.

4. Fodders.

•

Euryale ferox Jewdr.

The people of Nagar depend very much for their comfort on milk and wool, and in the severe winter cattle and sheep are penned in the byres which form the lower storey of

•

Nymphaea stellata

•

Nymphaea alba.

26 | JAN - MAR 2024

5. Wild Fruits

•

Nelumbium speciosum.

•

Acorus Calamus.

•

Typha

6. Hair Care thru Plants.— The Nagar’s take some pains with their hair, and besides using Yak butter and oil they use the powdered roots of a plant known as Makhoti mixed with butter. To destroy insects, they use washes made from Euphorbia Thomsoniana {Jiirbi) and from Aconitum. To induce curliness in the hair they employ a wash made from Corydalis Falconeri.

7. Medicines.

deltoidea { are extensively used in the washing of wools, while in the manufacture of soap the alkaline ashes of the pine, elm and the amarantus are much useable .

These ashes furnish a substance known as DAS, which, when mixed with mutton fat and the flour of a kind of pulse known as niai, constitutes the soap of Nagar.

Spur was once famous for its manufacture of soap. The red beans of the labia are also much used in the washing and in the preparation of woolen fabrics.

9. Yeast The jaiven or wild thyme is commonly employed for Boghondo or leaven. The Nagaris use other plants for Tultopo, and the celebrated bread of Taltopo and Ghesta is made from a leaven which is kept a strict secret.

The hakims of Nagar, the native physicians, attribute some properties to every plant and herb.

Some commonly found and used herbs/ plants are •

Aconitum heterophyllum

•

Hyoscyamus Niger

•

Artmisa

•

Euphorbia

•

Berberis

8.Soap and Alkali The roots of the Aster diplostephioides and of Dioscorea

About the author Mohammad Saleh holds a degree in Botany. He is an adventure sports enthusiast and Mountaineer. He has written many articles about rich heritage, culture,and history of Nagar Valley.

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[ M AG I C A L J O U R N E Y S ]

28 | JAN - MAR 2024

Text and Photos by Aftab Rana

T

he settlement of Misgar is located in the north-west of the Karakoram Highway in Upper Hunza after the town of Sust. Misgar is the last permanently inhabited valley in Gojal with two important passes leading to China and Afghanistan via Wakhan Corridor. This strategic location bestowed on the area an important role in the history. In the late 19th century, during the time of the Great Game, Misgar marked the last outpost of the British Empire and served as a busy dispatching and telegraph-station. Long before that, Misghar had already been a notable trading hub as the Kilik and Mintaka Passes were frequently crossed by pilgrims and traders coming from China along the ancient Silk Route.

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Today, remnants of the Silt Route and the British occupation can still be seen, making Misgar a historically fascinating place to visit in the region of Gilgit-Baltistan. Interesting is also the fact that Misgar’s population is Burusho, an exception in the usually Wakhi inhabited Gojal. Again, the explanation can be found in the history. Until the midnineteenth century Misgar, originally a Wakhi settlement was periodically inhabited and raided by Kyrgyz nomads coming from the Wakhan. The Mir of Hunza, having an interest to secure the territory leading to Afghanistan and China ordered a few of his men to drive out any intruders and to permanently settle in Misgar.

Kilik Pass and Mintaka Pass north of Misgar Village are part of the ancient Silk Road. They were the usual caravan route from Pakistan and India to Tashkurgan before the opening of the Karakoram Highway. British Raj took control of the area in 1892 as part of their efforts during the Great Game.

They constructed a fort about 5 km upstream from Misgar village in 1932 to control the Wakhan Corridor. This fort known as Kalam Darchi Fort is now a local landmark and a reminiscent of the colonial architecture.

At the elevation of 3,000 meter and 7 km north of Sust, today’s Misgar is a settlement of around 300 households having population of around 2500 people. Misgar territory includes three main rivers Kilik, Mintaka and Dilsung, all of which extend to the borders with China and Wakhan Corridor.

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Misgar village is set in a beautiful mountain environment of lush green and well-tended fields with clear water streams irrigating the terraces and flower-covered orchards. The treks along the ancient trading routes leading north to the Kilik and Mintaka Passes are equally attractive and could be rated as some of the most rewarding trekking in northern Pakistan. Presently, this area has limited tourist facilities but there is a great potential to develop community based ecotourism with proper planning and capacity building of locals of this area. Visitors can stay in few local community guest houses which provide comfortable traditional sleeping rooms and serve traditional food in dinner. There are number of short walks around the village with rewarding views of mountains of Karakorum range.

About the author Aftab Rana is a Tourism Development Specialist. He is the President of Sustainable Tourism Foundation Pakistan and Vice President of Adventure Foundation Pakistan. He is also member of Board of Directors of PTDC and a Fellow of Leadership for Environment and Development.

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VISIT PAKISTAN YOU WILL LOVE TO STAY LONGER

[ H E R I TAG E ]

Sateen Jo Aastan

JAN - MAR 2024 | 33

Mesmerising Story of

Sateen jo Aastan

By Tahawur Husain Jafri

L

ocated on the left bank of the River Indus travelling from Sukkur to Rohri, Sateen Jo Aastan (Satiyon Jo Aastan), is the resting place of the seven beautiful virgin women who once resided here and veiled (purdah) themselves from all men.

There are many stories and myths that shroud the graves at Sateen Jo Aastan. It is said that these seven women were never seen by men. Satiyon (Sateen) means virgin and Aastan means where one resides or home in Sindhi language.

It is also said that the Raja (Ruler) at that time came to know about the seven sisters and ordered his people to bring them in his presence. When the sisters heard, they were said to have got worried of being exposed to men as they didn’t want to be in the hands of the Raja having stayed away

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from the eyes of men. According to some stories, it is said that they prayed to God and the land turned downward with the virgin sisters.

In 961 A.H Mir Abu-al-Qasim Namkeen, the then Governor of Bakhar, ordered to build the tomb of those seven sisters at the same place, the material used is similar to Makli Hill graveyard with Quranic verses written on their tombs. The blue colour marble mostly used in reflects the architectural culture of Sindh. The grand floor is distributed in the rooms for the visitors to stay or rest. Other than that, on the other side of the tomb, the coloured rooms which are being closed all the time were the residence of those seven sisters.

The beauty of the landscape along the Indus River has made it so beautiful and peaceful that visitors feel spiritually relaxed being at Sateen Jo Aastan. Adding to the joy of the visitors are the Blind dolphins in the Indus River that could

JAN - MAR 2024 | 35

be spotted swimming in the Indus as well as the mighty views of the great historic metal bridge of Sukkur city which is very much famous there.

A small mosque on the upper level and the western section is profusely embellished with blue, turquoise and white tilework. Tradition states that when Abu-al-Qasim Namkeen completed this fine complex, he would retire to it on full moon nights with friends and courtiers and entertain them to music, mangoes, sweets, honey, and watermelons. The grand remnant of a bygone era is a popular resort for picnickers and tourists.

Sateen Jo Aastan is reputed for its mystical powers and women from various parts of the country and overseas come to visit these monuments.

On one of the smaller hills that arises out of the riverbank on the south has a levelled platform on which there are many carved gravestones like those on the Makli Hill in Thatta with chain ornaments and panels of Arabic quotations from the Quran. The entire space between the graves is paved and a flight of stairs leads up to the platform from the southside.

Sateen Jo Aastan with view of the the longest cantilever bridge ever built, it had to support the load of heavy steam locomotives. The bridge was inaugurated on March 25, 1889.

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Enamelled tiled work is freely used on these tombs, most of which are dated between 1609 and 1883 AD. The principal grave is that of Mir Qasim one of the Sabzwari Shahids dated 1018 AD. This was probably the grave that sanctified the place, and the lamp post and lamp that were placed in front of it are still there, and it gives the name of Than Qasim Shah to the hill. However, it is more popularly known as the hill of the seven virgins.

The building on the southern side of the hill is called Satbhain, which consists of a row of shallow rooms connected externally with coloured tiles. These cells are said to have been occupied by the seven Sisters.

Around 25 stairs lead to the top of the cave, where other graves are located. They include the final resting place of the governor of Sukkur, Bakhar Mir Abul Qasim Namkeen.

According to the caretaker, the other graves belong to family members of the governor.

This historical place is on the list of World Heritage sites.

Managed by:

CONIFER

SERV ICE A PA RTMENTS

[ H E R I TAG E ]

Harmony in Stone:

The Intricate Craftsmanship of Pakistan Monument

By Ali Muneeb & Tahawur Husain Jafri

38 | JAN - MAR 2024

N

estled in the heart of Islamabad, the Pakistan Monument stands tall, not just as a symbol of national pride but as a testament to the incredible craftsmanship that went into its creation. This architectural marvel is more than just a monument; it’s a blend of history, culture, and the artistry of skilled craftsmen.

The Pakistan Monument is a national monument and heritage museum located on the western Shakarparian Hills in Islamabad, Pakistan. The monument was constructed to symbolize the unity of the Pakistani people.

The Museum depicts the ancient civilization, freedom struggle, birth of Pakistan and some of the major achievements as a country. The Monument has a reference library, audiovisual archive, conference hall along with a 62-seat capacity auditorium known as Panorama Hall.

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Wax statues of Mr. Mohammad Ali Jinnah in a round table meeting placed at the Pakistan Monument Museum.

The concept of the monument dates to the 1960s, with the idea of creating a national symbol that would reflect the diverse culture and heritage of Pakistan. Every curve, every angle of the monument carries cultural significance.

From the four petals representing the provinces to the star and crescent symbolizing Pakistan, the design is a visual narrative of the nation’s history.

The monument’s structure itself is a marvel of architectural ingenuity. The combination of modern design principles with traditional craftsmanship gives it a timeless appeal.

Craftsmen utilized age-old techniques to carve intricate patterns and designs into the stone. Each cut, each chisel mark tells a story of the hands that meticulously shaped the monument.

Traditional stone carving methods were employed to create detailed reliefs on the monument. Skilled artisans used chisels and hammers, showcasing a dedication to preserving ancient techniques.

Adjacent to the Monument is a museum equipped with audio-visual archives, a reference library for history buffs, a 62-seat auditorium where documentaries are frequently played, and a wax museum, etc. The wax museum and audio-visual archives depict ancient civilization, Pakistan freedom struggle, heroes who contributed in creating Pakistan, the birth of the country and major achievements of Pakistan since the Independence.

The sculptures adorning the monument represent themes of unity, progress, and resilience. Each sculpture is a piece of art that conveys a specific aspect of Pakistan’s rich cultural tapestry. Craftsmen seamlessly integrated cultural elements

40 | JAN - MAR 2024

into the design, from traditional patterns to motifs that resonate with the local population. This integration ensures that the monument remains a cultural touchstone for generations to come.

The intricate craftsmanship acts as a magnet for tourists and art enthusiasts. The monument has become a must-visit destination and must be on the short list of places to visit in Islamabad. The views from the top of Shakarparian hill are panoramic and on a nice sunny day, you will be double rewarded. You will find local artisans with shops selling handmade souvenirs from all over Pakistan representing various handicrafts and products.

Several art and crafts workshops and tours of the monument are organized by local and international tour operators. This hands-on experience allows people to appreciate the craftsmanship and encourages a deeper connection with the cultural heritage of Pakistan all in one place.

Inside the Pakistan Monument Museum are wax sculptures of important personalities prominently being that of the Founder of Pakistan Mr. Mohammad Ali Jinnah and his sister Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah who helped her brother Mr. Jinnah shoulder to shoulder in the struggle for Independence from British India.

The craftsmanship of the Pakistan Monument has garnered international acclaim and has been featured in numerous architectural publications receiving praise for its unique blend of tradition and modernity. The monument has received prestigious awards for its design and craftsmanship, further solidifying its place in the global architectural landscape.

A British tourist wrote on Trip Advisor about her experience of visiting the Pakistan Monument. ‘Amazing to see this up close, astonishing piece of architecture, highly recommended, the museum also has a lot of historical information, would have stayed longer to really absorb more’, Marina M. Shakarparian where the Pakistan Monument is built can said to be the starting point of your tour of Pakistan if you are interested in the history of the Pakistani region. You experience and learn so much of Pakistan as well as the people of Pakistan, the cultures that exist in various parts of the country, the arts and crafts, the heritage, cuisine to fashion and much more to see and enjoy.

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Entry prices for the Pakistan Monument:

Harmony Across Generations

Local Adults: Rs. 100

Local artisans, inspired by the monument, are passing down their skills to the younger generation. This ensures the continuity of traditional craftsmanship, creating a bridge between the past and the future.

Educational programs and workshops centered around craftsmanship have been initiated to ensure that the knowledge and skills required for such intricate work are passed on to the next wave of artisans.

Students: Rs. 40 Foreigners: Rs. 600 Child under 7: Free

Opening Timings: Tuesday to Sunday: 10am to 8pm with break timings of 1PM to 2PM

To engage the public, workshops and tours of the monument are organized. This hands-on experience allows people to appreciate the craftsmanship up close and encourages a deeper connection with the cultural heritage.

Lok Virsa at Shakarparian has arts & craft and souvenirs shops where visitors don’t have to pay to visit.

Pakistan Monument with an aerial view of Islamabad city

42 | JAN - MAR 2024

An aerial view of the Pakistan Monument in Shakarparian, Islamabad.

JAN - MAR 2024 | 43

[ BUSINESS ]

Invest in Pakistan The land of opportunities

Why Pakistan?

• It is the emerging Industrial Hub of South Asia • It follows a Liberal Investment Regime Level playing field for all All economic sectors open to FDI Foreign equity up-to 100% is allowed Borrowing facility can be availed from both local & foreign banks Remittances of royalty, profits, dividends, capital & capital gains are allowed • It has a Strategic Location at crossroads of South & Central Asia and Middle East • 240+ million consumer market • 4th in freelance market growth • 4th in terms of cotton production • 4th largest milk producer globally • 6th largest mangoes producer • 8th largest wheat producer • 9th in total cattle production • Competitive SEZs incentives with one time custom duty exemption and income tax exemption for 10 years for zone developers and zone enterprises

Board of Investment Islamabad The Board of Investment (BOI) is Pakistan’s Federal Investment Promotion Agency, and it also serves as the Secretariat for three key initiatives: • Special Economic Zones • CPEC Industrial Cooperation • Pakistan Regulatory Modernization Initiative (PRMI)

Sectoral Investment Opportunities • Food Processing Dairy products, favoured canned foods, packing, technology transfer • Tourism & Hospitality Integrated tourism zones, religious tourism, hotel & resorts construction • Logistics

Warehousing & cold chain logistics, air freight, trucking, supply chain • Information Technology Software houses, e-commerce, IT Parks, incubation centres, ITZones • Textile Yarn production, readymade garments, sportswear, knitwear, hosiery • Renewable Energy Huge potential for alternative energy sources; wind, hydel, solar, thermal power

44 | JAN - MAR 2024

Also, BOI provides a number of services including: • Investor Handholding • Branch / Liaison office • Investor Aftercare • Work Visa Facilitation • Airport security clearance of foreign businessmen

About the author Nadeem Bashir - The Author is working as Director General Investment Promotion at the Board of Investment, Islamabad

[ NEWS & EVENTS ]

Of Peace; Of Passion; Of Potential Unlimited;

Salam Pakistan!

By Maliha Mansoor

Yes, it is bestowed with the best of the best one can imagine about a tourist’s dreamland.

Embodying natural marvels like lofty snow-clad majestic mountains arising from the lap of lush valleys dotted with greens and sparkling streams. Wondrous golden desserts spread on miles and miles along with rich bountiful plains.

Pristine, stretched coastlines embracing azure, pearl grey and emerald waters of the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean.

Cradling centuries old history that bespeak ancient civilizations, apparently buried deep down the sands of time, yet somehow there still in the deep-rooted traditions and norms that linger on till the day.

Featuring a multifarious society, a beautiful amalgam of several cultures, vibrant with varied hues of ethnicities, norms, traditions and reflected in the ever-so-diverse arenas of food, clothing, demeanor and ethos; and bound together with a strong string of love, compassion and harmony.

and goodwill from Pakistan, welcoming the world to come and rejoice the wonderfully exclusive treasures the country is naturally bestowed with.

The brand was formally launched on 4th August ’23 in an impressive ceremony held at the Prime Minister House, Islamabad, attended by hi-profile guests, national and international media along with corporates and tourism industry stakeholders.

The MD PTDC, Mr. Aftab Rana in his message on this occasion highlighted the unique distinction of Pakistan as a tourist’s paradise, embodying great natural beauty along with a vibrantly rich cultural heritage. He further enlightened that the British Backpacker Society has already ranked Pakistan as the world’s top adventure travel destination in 2018, describing the country as “one of the friendliest countries on earth, with a mountain scenery beyond one’s imagination’.

Salam Pakistan!

Yes, all this encompasses the land, befittingly named as “Pakistan”; SALAM PAKISTAN The government of Pakistan initiated the project called ‘Salam Pakistan’ to further built awareness in the global travel market and attract more tourism in Pakistan creating more jobs and opportunities for local people.

Salam Pakistan is not only a brand name It reflects the essential feel of peace, compassion and love that constitute the very basis of Pakistan, It is a greeting, an invite of amity

JAN - MAR 2024 | 45

[ NEWS & EVENTS ]

Pakistan Pavilion at World Travel Market (WTM) London ExCel

Pakistan Pavilion at World Travel Market (WTM) in London ExCel attracted diverse and enthusiastic audience from all over the world. Travel enthusiasts, representatives of international travel companies, and social media influencers took the details of expeditions and adventure trips information from the travel agents.

Pakistan has taken the full advantage of this yearly WTM 2023 global event. Pakistan showcased its cultural and tourism assets at the event and attracted many tourism lovers and adventure seekers. Pakistan Travel agents encourages the global audience at the WTM to consider Pakistan as their next travel destination.

Pakistan Pavilion at World Travel Mart (WTM) inaugurated

by Wasi Shah, State Minister for Tourism at London ExCel. Pakistan’s High Commissioner for UK, Dr. Muhammad Faisal was also present at the inaugural.

Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation (PTDC), Provincial Tourism Departments, Azad Jammu & Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan and other selected travel companies were promoting their upcoming winter tour activities at the event.

46 | JAN - MAR 2024

[ C U LT U R A L E M B L E M ]

Celebrating Pakistan Mountain: A Majestic Journey into Nature’s Grandeur

JAN - MAR 2024 | 47

Boating at lake in the majestic mountains of Skardu

A Shepard in Skardu

48 | JAN - MAR 2024

I

n the heart of South Asia lies a hidden gem, a paradise for nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers alike – the stunning mountains of Pakistan. This article is a celebration of the awe-inspiring beauty, rich culture, and unparalleled experiences that these majestic peaks offer.

The history of Pakistan’s mountains is a tapestry woven with tales of exploration and discovery. From the towering peaks of the Karakoram Range to the ancient stories embedded in the rocks of the Salt Range, each mountain has played a crucial role in shaping the narrative of this region. The cultural and historical ties to the mountains are deeply rooted, with many communities considering them sacred.

Majestic peaks piercing the sky, glaciers glistening in the sunlight, and valleys that seem to cradle the secrets of centuries. This is the visual feast that Pakistan’s mountains offer. The Karakoram, the Himalayas, and the Hindu Kush each contribute unique features, creating a diverse and awe-inspiring landscape that attracts adventurers and nature lovers from around the globe.

For the daring souls seeking an adrenaline rush, Pakistan’s mountains provide the ultimate challenge. Pakistan is home to 108 peaks above 7,000 metres and 4555 above 6,000 metres while the peaks above 5,000 and 4,000 metres are said to be countless. Some of the highest and famous mountains in Pakistan are the world’s second-highest peak K2 at 8,611 metres or 28,251 ft, Nanga Parbat 8,126 metres or 26,660 ft and Tirich Mir 7,690 metres or 25,230 ft. Stories of successful climbs and the challenges faced along the way resonate with the spirit of human determination and perseverance.

For those seeking adrenaline-pumping activities, Pakistan’s mountains offer a playground of adventure. Whether it’s trekking through the rugged terrains, conquering challenging peaks, or indulging in winter sports, there’s no shortage of excitement. The growing tourism industry in these regions reflects the increasing interest in and appreciation for the untamed beauty of the mountains.

Beyond their imposing exteriors, Pakistan’s mountains house a treasure trove of biodiversity. The unique flora

JAN - MAR 2024 | 49

and fauna adapted to the harsh mountainous conditions contribute to the delicate ecosystems. Conservation efforts are underway to protect these species, recognizing the importance of maintaining the balance of nature.

cuisine. The mountainous regions offer a culinary adventure, with traditional dishes that reflect the flavors of the land.

From hearty stews to freshly baked bread, every bite tells a story of the mountains.

The celebration of mountain-related festivals is a testament to the strong bond between the communities and their surroundings. These festivals, often filled with vibrant music, traditional dances, and local cuisines, bring people together, fostering a sense of unity and pride.

The mountains have been a wellspring of inspiration for Pakistani artists and writers. The towering peaks, serene valleys, and challenging ascents have found their way into paintings, poetry, and prose. These creative expressions serve as a testament to the profound impact of the mountains on the human spirit.

Beyond the rocky façade, Pakistan’s mountains harbor a diverse range of flora and fauna. Conservation initiatives are vital to protect the unique biodiversity, ensuring that future generations can witness the beauty of these natural wonders.

Nestled in the folds of these mountains are vibrant communities with lives intricately connected to the land.

The cultural richness and traditions of these mountain dwellers add depth to the celebration. From unique festivals to daily rituals, the mountains shape the way of life for these resilient people.

No celebration is complete without indulging in the local

50 | JAN - MAR 2024

Kalash traditional wooden house in Kalash Valley

The pride of Pakistan, the world’s second highest peas K2 in view

Mountain Safety and Conservation Tips Baltit Fort - Karimabad, Hunza

For those venturing into the mountains, safety is paramount.

Guidelines for safe exploration, including proper gear, acclimatization, and emergency preparedness, ensure a secure experience. Additionally, tips for preserving the environment, such as responsible waste disposal and respecting local customs, contribute to the sustainability of mountain tourism.

Inspirational Stories Amidst the challenges, there are inspiring stories of individuals who have found motivation and purpose in the mountains. Their contributions to society and personal achievements serve as beacons of hope and resilience.

Celebrating Pakistan’s Mountains goes beyond admiration for their physical grandeur. It is a recognition of the intertwined history, culture, and biodiversity that make these mountains truly special. As we revel in their beauty, let us also commit to preserving and cherishing these natural wonders for generations to come.

JAN - MAR 2024 | 51

[ C U LT U R A L E M B L E M ]

Jinnah Cap The iconic attire of Quad-eAzam

52 | JAN - MAR 2024

T

he Jinnah Cap, a symbol of historical significance, played a pivotal role in shaping the iconic attire of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan. Beyond his celebrated leadership acumen, Jinnah was renowned for his keen sense of style and passion for traditional clothing—including the Karakul cap and sherwani, the national dress of Pakistan.

This beautifully handcrafted headpiece was a constant presence whenever he made public appearances, further enhancing his dignified image.

the Indian subcontinent through the skilled craftsmanship of Uzbek artisans. The very term “Qarakol,” derived from Turkish, aptly translates to “black wool,” in perfect alignment with the natural hue of the Jinnah Cap. The vibrant Qissa Khani Bazaar in Peshawar serves as the epicenter of Karakul cap craftsmanship, drawing a diverse array of passionate artisans dedicated to this intricate craft. Among them is Saif Shah Momand, who owns and operates a Jinnah Cap shop. His family has been in this business for over a century. Mr. Momand informed me that his caps are in demand not only locally but also in the Middle East, Dubai, Europe, Afghanistan, and Central Asia.

However, acquiring materials from Central Asia is becoming increasingly challenging and expensive with each passing day. The price per cap ranges from PKR 15,000 to 20,000, making it a costly choice for ordinary people who wish to wear a Jinnah Cap for special occasions like Eid, weddings, and other ceremonial events.

Mr. Bashirullah, the proprietor of Madina Cap House in Qissa Khani Bazaar, also specializes in Jinnah Caps. He shared that Qissa Khani Bazaar has long been the hub of Jinnah Cap production. This Central Asian-inspired cap was introduced to Peshawar by traders who made stopovers on their way to India. Mr. Bashirullah expressed concern about the preservation of the Jinnah Cap due to the escalating prices.

Haji Hazratullah, the owner of Hazrat Cap House in Qissa Khawani Bazaar, continues an age-old family business handed down through generations. He explained that cap makers in Qissa Khawani create two types of caps: the Jinnah Cap and the Ayub Cap. The Jinnah Cap is foldable, while the Ayub Cap, named after the late General Muhammad Ayub Khan, features a peak in the front and a slope on the back of the neck.

Today, the Jinnah Cap stands as an enduring emblem of Quaid’s distinctive style, commanding widespread admiration throughout Pakistan. However, its continued availability faces a challenge due to the diminishing number of skilled cap artisans and the increasing price of the cap. Distinguished by its peaked design and intricate construction, the Jinnah Cap possesses a unique feature— it folds neatly when removed from one’s head. Despite its fame among Muslims in Central and South Asia, it is important to clarify that the cap holds no religious significance.

The cap’s origins can be traced to the fur of the Qaraqul or Karakul sheep breed, which thrives in the arid landscapes of Central Asia. Its roots extend back to the city of Qorak‘l, in the Bukhara region of Uzbekistan. The cap found its way to

Some of the renowned cap makers have migrated from Qissa Khawani to Rawalpindi. Mr. Sheikh Muhammad Rafiq stands as a seasoned Karakul craftsman, whose five decades of dedication to the artistry shines brightly. His maternal uncle, Sheikh Rehmatullah, was responsible for crafting Karakul caps for Quaid-eAzam Muhammad Ali

JAN - MAR 2024 | 53

Jinnah. Rafiq’s journey into cap-making began at the tender age of 12 when he acquired the art from his father, Sheikh Muhammad Hussain.

Rafiq’s expertise transcends the boundaries of the Jinnah Cap; he has also crafted these iconic headpieces for prominent figures, including the former President of Pakistan, Ayub Khan, his son, former Federal Minister Gohar Ayub, Syed Ghaus Ali Shah, Geoge Sikandar Zaman of Khanpur, and the former Prime Minister of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Abdul Qayyum.

Hailing from the ancient Qiassa Khwani Bazaar in Peshawar, Muhammad Rafiq’s family heritage is deeply intertwined with the traditions of cap-making. These artisans honed their cap-making skills through interactions with craftsmen from Afghanistan. As several family members relocated to Karachi and Rawalpindi, the Jinnah Cap began to gain popularity in these bustling cities. Presently, Rafiq takes charge of the Karakul Cap House, strategically located on Kashmir Road in Rawalpindi.

For Rafiq, cap-making transcends a mere family trade; it embodies a profound love for a craft that is both distinctive and historically significant. As he reflects on the past, this skilled artisan fondly remembers a time when the Jinnah Cap was a ubiquitous symbol of elegance. People would acquire these caps for a myriad of occasions, including

54 | JAN - MAR 2024

festive Eid celebrations, and even grooms would proudly adorn them on their wedding day. “In today’s era, however,” he laments, “only a handful of individuals continue to embrace this cherished tradition, and the trend is gradually waning.”

According to reliable market sources, crafting a high-quality Karakul cap necessitates an investment of PKR 20,000, with the intricate process demanding nearly three months of painstaking effort to fashion a single Jinnah Cap.

JAN - MAR 2024 | 55

[ C U LT U R A L E M B L E M ]

For the Love of Bangles!

By Naba Basar

D

id you know, in Pakistan, glass bangles are produced mainly in Hyderabad, Sindh?

Hyderabad, a city in the Sindh province of Pakistan, is famous for its traditional bangles that are unique and distinct from those made in other parts of the country. These bangles are popularly referred to as “Hyderabadi Bangles” and are known for their vivid colours, intricate designs, and fine craftsmanship.

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The History of Bangles Bangles have been a part of Pakistani culture for centuries and are an integral, long-held tradition for many women in South Asia. They have been worn by women of all ages and social backgrounds as a symbol of beauty and femininity.

as a symbol of love and affection. The history of bangles in Pakistan is deeply rooted in the country’s culture and traditions. The art of making bangles has been passed down from generation to generation, and different regions have developed their unique styles and techniques.

The history of bangles in Pakistan can be traced back to the ancient Indus Valley civilization where archaeologists have found artefacts of bangles made of various materials such as shell, ivory, metal, and glass. It is believed that bangles were worn as a symbol of fertility and prosperity in those days.

The Bangle Industry in Pakistan The bangle industry in Pakistan is a thriving sector that contributes significantly to the country’s economy.

It is a traditional art passed down through generations, and many families depend on the sector for their livelihood.

The industry is predominantly located in Hyderabad, where bangles are produced in various shapes, sizes, and colours.

The process of making bangles involves melting glass and shaping it into the desired form. The artisans use various techniques such as blowing, moulding, and cutting to create intricate designs on the bangles. The finished product is then polished to give it a glossy finish.

Over time, the art of making bangles evolved, and different regions in Pakistan developed their unique styles and techniques. For instance, bangles made in Multan are known for their intricate gold threadwork, while the ones made in Hyderabad are famous for their colourful glass and complex designs.

Women in Pakistan wear bangles on various occasions such as weddings, Eid, and other special events. The bangles are often worn in pairs or layered several bangles together. The sound of these stacked bangles is considered auspicious and festive.

Bangles are not just a fashion accessory in Pakistan but also hold cultural and social significance. They are often gifted to young girls during weddings or other special occasions

There is a huge demand for Pakistani bangles in the international market, with countries like India, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh being the primary buyers. Pakistan also exports these bangles to the United States, Europe, and the Middle East.

The Process of making Bangles The process of making Hyderabadi bangles is a labourintensive task that involves multiple steps.

The glass is first melted at high temperatures in large furnaces, and then it is shaped into cylinders or rods of various sizes. The artisans use special tools and techniques to cut the cylinders into small pieces, which are then shaped into bangles of different thicknesses and designs.

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One of the remarkable features of Hyderabadi bangles is the use of vibrant colours, such as bright red, blue, green, and gold, which are achieved by adding metallic oxides to the glass before melting it. The artisans also use various techniques to add intricate designs, such as flower patterns, peacocks, and other traditional motifs, which are etched onto the surface of the bangles.

Hyderabadi bangles are not just a traditional accessory but also carry a cultural significance. They are often worn by women during weddings, festivals, and other special occasions as a symbol of beauty and femininity. The bangles are also considered a token of love and affection and are often gifted to young girls and women by their family members.

Despite modernization and the advent of new technologies, the traditional bangle industry of Hyderabad continues to thrive, providing employment opportunities for numerous artisans and craftspeople. The unique and intricate designs of Hyderabadi bangles have become a trademark of the city, and they continue to attract customers from all over the country and abroad.

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The Most Popular Kind of Bangles The most popular kind of bangles varies depending on culture and geography. In Pakistan, for instance, traditional bangles made of glass, metal, or lac are very popular. These bangles are often worn in stacks, covering the entire wrist and making a jingling sound when the wearer moves their hand.

In Western culture, bracelets that are similar to bangles but more flexible are often more popular. These bracelets can be made from a wide variety of materials, including gold, silver, and various kinds of metal alloys. They can be thin and delicate or thick and chunky, and they often feature gemstones or other decorative elements.

In recent years, adjustable bangles are trending and are especially designed to fit a wide range of wrist sizes. Some people still prefer traditional bangles with intricate designs and bright colours, while others prefer more minimalist and modern designs.

There is a dedicated bangle market in Hyderabad called the ‘Laad Bazaar’, a very old and famous historic market in

Hyderabad. It is a narrow street which is always crowded located on the west face of Charminar. The bazaar is popular for bangles, precious stones, jewellery, pearls, gifts, velvet and gold embroidered fabrics.

and feature intricate designs with gold or silver accents.

Special Pakistani Hyderabadi Bangles

Interesting Facts about Bangles made in Hyderabad, Pakistan

These are unique and stand out from the regular ones. They are often custom-made and feature intricate designs, highquality materials, and unique embellishments. Some of the special Pakistani Hyderabadi bangles include: 1. Kundan bangles: These are made from gold, silver or brass and feature Kundan stones, which are precious and semiprecious gemstones.

2. Meenakari bangles: These are made from metal and are enamelled with bright colours and intricate designs.

3. Jadau / Jarau bangles: These are made from gold and are studded with precious and semi-precious stones like diamonds, emeralds, and rubies.

4. Lac bangles: These are made from lac and are embellished with colourful stones, beads and threads.

These special Pakistani Hyderabadi bangles are often worn by brides and are a symbol of tradition and elegance.

• Hyderabad is also famous for its karras, which are bangles that are made from a single piece of metal and are typically worn by brides as part of their wedding jewellery.

• The bangles made in Hyderabad are not only popular in Pakistan, but also in other neighbouring countries.

• There is a dedicated bangle market in Hyderabad called the ‘Laad Bazaar’, a very old and famous historic market in Hyderabad. It is a narrow street which is always crowded located on the west face of Charminar. The bazaar is popular for bangles, precious stones, jewellery, pearls, gifts, velvet and gold embroidered fabrics.

• Many of the bangle-making techniques used in Hyderabad have been passed down from generation to generation, and the craft has been designated as part of Pakistan’s intangible cultural heritage.

5. Hyderabadi pearl bangles: These are made from pearls

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[ ARTS & CRAF TS ]

WALNUT WOOD CRAFT

By Rida Hussain

T

he craft of wood carving has existed in this region for years even before the creation of Pakistan.

Woodcraft is counted among the major handicrafts of Pakistan. This craft of carving wood into different shapes and sizes with intricate designs is prevalent in several parts of the country from north to south.

The significance of wooden architecture takes a considerable space in the heritage of Pakistan. Several historical structures are made with wood in Pakistan. Azad Kashmir, Swat, parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit Baltistan, and Chiniot are the areas in Pakistan where the art of wood carving is prevalent and is a lucrative business.

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Jewellery box made with Walnut wood and hand crafted for elegance.

The Famous Works Interestingly, wooden architecture is an integral part of the Wakhi culture of Gilgit Baltistan. The Gojal valley in Gilgit Baltistan is home to numerous wooden architectures.

Chaqchan Mosque in Gilgit Baltistan and Thal mosque in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa are among the prominent wooden structures in Pakistan. Also, there are several old buildings in downtown Rawalpindi dating back to the Mughal era A Walnut wood made console table

which are made of walnut wood. Artisans execute their mastery of carving wood into delicate pieces and designs using various types of woods grown in Pakistan.

What makes walnut wood unique?

Originally, walnut wood is hygroscopic implying that it absorbs moisture in the air to maintain a pleasant environment indoors which makes it the best raw material for making products related to home décor.

Walnut wood is resistant to humid and dry climates. It is durable and gives an aesthetic look. Walnut Wood is used to create small decoration pieces for large size beds, furniture, and doors. There is now a growing trend of walnut wood walls as well.

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Types of wood that are widely used in construction in Pakistan are Deodar, walnut wood, teak, chirpine, fir, and hemlock. Walnut wood stands out in the category for not being too soft or too hard.

Artisans call walnut wood the ‘jack of all trades. It smells great hence it is preferred in home décor or making products that are used in the interior decoration of homes and architecture.

Walnut is hard, heavy, resilient, and capable of resisting warping and suffering very little shrinkage. It is a strong wood that can take intricate carving. The grain of walnut wood is irregular but typically straight with a medium texture.

In Pakistan, the walnut trees natively grow mainly in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The walnut wood has different shades but it mostly comes in dark red and pinkish colors.

A skilled artisan can make several items from walnut wood.

From creating furniture, walnut wood is used to create lightweight objects like jewelry boxes, spoons to heavy objects like trunks, small chairs, tables, sofas, beds, and cupboards, trays, dry fruit bowls, tissue paper boxes, and table lamps.

Mostly walnut wood pieces with Quranic verses inscribed on them are in high demand in Pakistan as people hang these in homes. Artisans say that the old carved walnut wood looks better than other types of wood, hence it is in demand.

Artisans say designs and patterns can be carved on any wood but walnut wood is best for the purpose. Hence, products made up of walnut wood are often seen as having the most intricate and complex carvings. This quality of walnut wood gives a regal and luxurious look to the interior.

Rabab-a classical instrument We all love the melody of rabab but did you know walnut wood is used to make rabab? Rabab largely dominates the

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region of Pukhtoon settlements and is widely played in Pakistan. The wood from the walnut tree are dried up and then carved into the instrument.

The creation of rabab requires a lot of skills and attention to meticulous details and intricacy hence walnut wood is best suited to make the instrument. Walnut wood is easy to bend and finish hence it makes the best raw material to create musical instruments.

The Cultural Identity of Azad Kashmir In Azad Jammu Kashmir of Pakistan, walnut trees grow abundantly. Leepa Valley and Neelum Valley of Azad Kashmir are two major walnut producing areas. The significance of the craft of walnut wood can be measured by the fact that people place orders for walnut wood furniture in advance during the wedding season. Here, in Kashmir handing out items made from walnut wood to guests and tourists is considered a precious gift. Natives of Azad Kashmir believe walnut wood carving is part of their identity and culture which they have inherited from their forefathers.

Muzaffarabad has the potential to become the hub of walnut furniture, says the native population. Locals suggest that with concerted efforts of the government the small market can grow into an industry that can generate revenues for Pakistan. Artisans in Azad Kashmir say they are working hard to keep the craft alive.

A local guitar made with Walnut wood

[ ARTS & CRAF TS ]

Khussa

a Fancy Footwear

A

traditional Pakistani dress is incomplete without the glitter of a pair of Khussa. Whether it’s for Eid or a wedding, a casual outing, the trend of wearing a Khussa has gained traction of the years and its popularity has not waned.

Khussay symbolizes Pakistan’s rich culture. They’re constructed of the highest-quality leather, hand-stitched, and available in a variety of colours, as well as with embroidery, beadwork, and other embellishments. This traditional Pakistani shoe has become an emblem of culture over the years.

Ladies luxury Khussa

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For centuries, the people of the subcontinent have worn khussay (plural of Khussa). Interestingly, the history of Khussa is as intriguing as its look. It dates back to Shahzada Saleem, the Mughal Emperor and Akbar’s son, who was a big fan of fancy footwear, especially the khussa. Because of his preference for the Khussa, it was given the name Saleem Shahi (Saleem’s magnificent) shoe. Saleem Shahi popularised the ones with a pointed end because those were the ones he preferred to wear.

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The Art of Crafting Khussay The intrinsic artwork on khussa is mostly colourful and bright, depicting “Tilla Kaam” (embroidered with Tilla).

Tilla is the Persian word for gold, and Persian was the primary administrative language of the Mughal Empire. The khussay finessed with tillay ka kaam rose to prominence in the era’s fashion wear as royalty began to prefer their shoes to be stitched with gold or silver thread.

still more popular among men. Women’s khussays now frequently have different coloured threads lining and shaping patterns to match the latest fashion trends.

Multani Khussa Multan’s khussas are said to be the most beautiful and well-made. The main industry is located in the cobblestone streets of ancient Multan, and the shoes are distributed throughout the country.

The gold thread was created by stretching gold wires to form a fine and flexible thread. The Khussay were made with buffalo leather for the sole because it is tough and rigid, and cow leather for the upper portion to cover the foot because it is typically easier to work with.

The embellished version was introduced in the 17th century by Mughal King Jahangir. This khussa was made of the finest leather, embedded with genuine gems, and exquisitely embroidered with genuine gold and silver threads. ‘Nur Jahan,’ the beloved wife of Emperor Jahangir, designed khussa and named the footwear ‘Saleem Shahi.’

It quickly became associated with Nawabs, Rajas, and other powerful people. When synthetic thread was introduced, it became more affordable and was worn by people of all socioeconomic backgrounds. The Lahore Museum has some specimens on display.

You can see khussas with fine tilla work (gold thread embroidery), sequins (sitara), and beads (moti) work when you look through the glass displays. You’ll also notice the Waziraabadi khussa, which has an upper part made skillfully out of cutwork. Delicate patterns are created to produce a filigree effect.

Shikaarpuri are khussay made from black coloured leather, in addition to Saleem Shahi. There were many other types, such as Chakwali, Bahawalpuri, Qasoori, and so on, all of which developed an affinity with the places where their particular style was born.

Traditionally, the khussay was made in standard leather colours such as red, brow, black, and grey. Pale red was once popular among men, while bright and vibrant red shades were popular among women. Many different colours are now available and are delightfully worn by Pakistani women; however, the classic colours retain their elegance and are

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Men’s Khussa made with full leather with embroidery

The Shurkrpuri khussa, on the other hand, is embroidered with white tilla (metallic thread) on red, black, and skincolored leather. Multani Phool wala and khussa slippers (without backs) are specifically designed for women.

Pakistan has been exporting Khussay all over the world for many years. Not only do street vendors, markets, and old shops in the city sell khussay, but many well-known Pakistani brands have added khussay to their shoe section. Nowadays, you can order custom-made khussay with your own design. Fabrics such as cotton, silk, velvet, and jaamawaar are also used. They have unquestionably evolved to be more trendy and modern.

Men’s Khussa The back of the men’s khussa covers the ankle and has a sharp extended tip that curves upwards. They are mostly worn for special occasions. In the past, they have also been

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simple and subtle. Women’s khussas are narrower, with a higher upper curve and are flat. The khussay for men and women was said to be the same until the early 1990s.

Khussa Mehal, a popular khussa shop in Lahore’s Liberty Market, was the first to introduce the concept of separate khussay for women.

Shoes represent a person’s personal taste and help to define their identity. Khussay is part of Pakistan’s rich tradition and has always been and will continue to be a classic.

These khussay have become a part of our identity and will continue to do so. Khussay are now an unmistakable part of our attire, worn everywhere by different socio-economic class.

Craftsmen have kept their profession alive due to continued demand. Some believe that the use of leather for shoes began in this region after Alexander the Great invaded it.

Craftsmen have been making khussas for decades, and the tradition appears to be continuing.

[ S P EC I A L M E N T I O N ]

EXPLORING THE WORLD BEYOND – Taqwa Observatory, Lasbela

I

t’s winter of December 2016, three enthusiasts are searching the dark sky for world beyond easily accessible and safe to do astronomy from, Lasbela. For the entire night and future activities related to star gazing, observation of deep space objects which are hidden from metropolitan city, to gather information that will lead to an understanding of the nature of the universe and its various components together as well as experience the pure local culture & environment.

Taqwa Space observatory is in Mullah Ahmed Chanal Village, Kerner district Lasbela Baluchistan. 26.4602° N, 66.3070° E. Approximately 32 km ahead from Bela city. And 210 km away from Karachi. Which is the best dark sky site and perfect for astronomical activities in the region. The Spiral home galaxy where our Solar System reside is clearly visible in the bortle 1 sky of Taqwa Space Observatory. The Arms of Milky way, stretching from one Horizon to another will give you a mesmerizing view of our place in this vast universe.

Observatory building and related facility is surrounded by mountains and secured by wall with a wooden rest house and another one is a river stone wall rest house are beautifully built & both are south open, wooden furnished & excellent for rest or meetings with four sides trees and lush green grass

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Telescopes & Instruments: The observatory has state of the art astronomical telescopes & instruments such as.

1, Meade 16 inch LX200 ACF SCT 2, Obsession Telescopes UC 18-inch Newtonian reflector.

3,Takahashi FSQ 106 EDX IV Quadruplet Astrograph.

4, Celestron 800 Edge HD Astrograph.

6, Day Star Solar Scout 60mm H alpha telescope.

Mounts; ASA DDM 85 premium Direct Drive Mount on Pier. Astrophysics 1100 GTO & Celestron CGX

lawn. Main Observatory building has a wooden roll off roof top equipped with telescopes and control system. The attractive view of observatory is due to greenery of trees and colorful river stone wall. These all facilities including wash room, Kitchen and store are powered by 10 KVA off grid solar energy. To enjoy the local environment kitchen is flamed up by locally generated burning wood. There is 615 feet ground bore established for water utility. A Diesel generator provides the electricity backup power requirements.

Taqwa Space Observatory is a Subsidiary of ACP Systems. It was co-founded in 2016 by Tahir Shaikh and Syed Muhammad Abbas.

Abbas is also a core member of Karachi Astronomers Society (KAS) established in 2008. From the day first whether site identification, observatory building design and civil work, Astro equipment installation and handling and coordination with other sources are the vital roles in the history of astronomy in Pakistan.

CCD Camera; Finger Lakes Instruments FLI CCD micro line. ZWO ASI 2600 MM & 294MC

The observatory serves in multiple dimensions in the field of astronomy in the country. Along with nature on the ground, the dark sky above, and other necessities for life, Taqwa Space observatory is the best place for stargazing, Astrophotography, and astronomical data collection in Pakistan and collaborating scientific data with international bodies.

DSLR Camera; Nikon, D5, Z7, D810a. SX Load Star.

For Visitors:

Eye Pieces, TeleVeu Nagler 31 mm, Meade 21mm & 15 mm, Vixen 30 mm.

Filter Wheel, Star Light Xpress with Off Axis Guider.

Taqwa Observatory is open to Visitors and a great facility for future physicists to be, to come and learn and research the space.

The Observatory has trained staff that maintain the site and the equipment. Visitors may contact the program coordinator who shall happily provide general information on the observatory and make prior visit arrangements.

Filters; Astronomic LRGB and Badder H Alpha & OIII filters, IDIAS, ND . Optolong L extreme.

Hotels and transport options are available from Lasbela city, Balochistan. It is approximately hours’ drive from the City Centre to the observatory.

Star Tracker, Ioptron Sky-tracker PRO.

Software’s, The Sky X Pro, Maxium DL 6, Stellarium, Adobe Photoshop CC, ASA Auto-Slew, ASA Auto-point.

About the author

Tools, HOTEC SCA Advance Laser Collimator for SCT Telescopes. Green and Blue Laser Pointers. Bathinove Mask for best focus.

Syed Muhammad Abbas is a passionate Physicist having completed his M.Sc in Solid State Physics from the University of Karachi. He is an active member of ‘Cloudy Nights’ forum in USA. As a co-founder of Taqwa observatory he leads the Observatory commands and provides the technical support to the infrastructure.

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[ CUISINE ]

Makai Ki Roti and Sarson Ka Saag

By Saira Zehra Jafri

N

othing is more quintessentially Punjab than sarson ka saag and makkai ki roti, it’s an earthy hearty food abundant in flavour, nutrients and colour, much like the land and the people it belongs to.

Fields of golden yellow flowers are seen along the foothills

of the magnificent Himalayas, the region sarson has been indigenous to Punjab for more than 5 millenniums. Sarson is a winter and spring fare and its seasonal abundance in Punjab, on both sides of the Wagah, makes it a Punjabi favourite for the rustics and the urbanites alike.

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Sarson ka saag is a vegetarian delight made from the leaves of the mustard plant, the same plant that gives us the delicious condiment mustard. The desi (colloquial term for things, people and a way of life from the subcontinent) mustard green, grown in Pakistan is a smooth flat textured leaf, but another variety includes a crumpled frilly leaf, spunky in look but earthy in taste. Historically, sarson ka saag, was generally the rural people’s food in Punjab and the robust homemade butter-topped saag fit the hardworking lifestyle of the village people laboriously working in the agricultural lands of the fertile province. They almost always justified and propagated the consumption of desi ghee (clarified butter), desi makhan (butter), lassi (yogurt drink), desi paneer (cottage cheese) and chaahch (buttermilk), and this practice has since carried to urban Punjab.

Mustard Saag Recipe Ingredients 4 lbs mustard greens (chopped with stem) 2 lbs spinach 2 lbs pigweed (if available) ½ cup water 1 tsp brown sugar or 1tsp jaggery (secret ingredient) 5 to 7 serrano peppers Salt to taste 1 inch piece of ginger 2 tbsp corn flour dissolved in ¼ cup water 2 large, sliced onions and 1 tsp chopped garlic (fried in ¼ cup oil for garnish) A dollop of butter per serving, if desired Method Pour ½ cup water and mustard greens in a large pot and cover and simmer for 15 to 20 minutes, add spinach, salt, sugar, peppers, ginger and pigweed (if available) and cook for another 15 to 20 minutes. Put in blender to roughly blend, add dissolved corn flour and cook for a few minutes. Garnish and serve.

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Steaming hot makki roti with a dollop of butter or ghee, this recipe is a lip-smacking treat in winters. A mix of spinach and mustard leaves, pressure cooked and prepared in a host of spices, makes this a healthy winter treat.

Traditionally, the real mustard saag is cooked sans masala, just a dash of salt and ginger, mixed in with the greens; mustard greens, green chilli, spinach, pigweed and fenugreek. And the real cooks, our mothers and grandmothers, who follow the age-old family recipe without the modern touch to suit contemporary lifestyles, still cook it the same way. It was said to be slow-cooked and hand stirred in its own water until it reached the desired edible creaminess of freshly churned butter, and then laden with fried onions and topped with farm fresh butter and devoured for simple goodness.

Makkai ki roti (makes 12 to 14) Ingredients 4 cups corn flour 2 ½ to 3 cups warm water 4 tbsp chopped cilantro (optional) 2 finely chopped serrano peppers (optional) Salt, if desired Oil, as needed Method Add warm water to flour, knead dough adding cilantro and pepper. Make round portions and flatten to roti on parchment paper. Heat pan with a teaspoon of oil and transfer roti with parchment paper, remove paper and flip roti for 2 to 3 minutes on each side until golden, serve hot with a dollop of butter.