ISTANA BUDAYA | precedent studies | studio IIb | IUKL

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Istana Budaya ( Palace of Culture) in Kuala Lumpur 1999 - recent

Istana Budaya | Kuala lumpur 2

Editor’s Note CULTURE. Culture is the arts and other manifestation of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively. Culture is a way of life, also known as inseparable models of science, beliefs and human behavior. Perspectives, attitudes, values, morals, targets and customs shared by society. My desire is to provide you the information regarding istana budaya through culture, architecture and anything relevant, I sincerely trust that you will have much pleasure reading this limited edition magazine as i enjoyed compiling this for my dear readers. Enjoy Reading!

Siti Nurfarahim Editor in Chief

Malaysia National Art Gallery and theatre 3

Acknowledgement We (Siti Nurfarahim, Tan Yan Jie, Syaza Syazana, Ozeer Mohammad and Ananya Jeba Fariha) have taken efforts in this project (precedent study). However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of Sir Sharyzee and Madam Siti Hajar. I respect and thank them for giving us an opportunity to do this project (precedent study) and providing us all support and guidance.

Last but not least, we would like to express our gratitude to our group member. This assignment cannot be completed without the effort and co-operation from our group member. We are really grateful because we managed to complete this assignment on time.

Siti Nurfarahim

Tan Yan Jie

Syaza Syazana

203022287

191020963

203022284

Ozeer Mohammad

Ananya Jeba Fariha

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193921718

Istana Budaya | Kuala lumpur 4

“Culture is a way of coping with the world by defining it in detail.”

by Malcolm Bradbury

Malaysia National Art Gallery and theatre 5

Contents 8

INTRODUCTION

16

HISTORY

19

ELEMENT AROUND SITE

23

INFLUENCES

25 28

ARCHITECTURE STYLE ARCHITECTURE STYLE BUILDING

33

BUILDING LAYOUT &

45

3D MODELS

48

SPATIAL TYPOLOGY

52

SPATIAL EXPERIENCE

56

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

60

BUILDING COMPONENTS

69

BUILDING MATERIALS

79

ISTANA BUDAYA TECHNOLOGY

8

16

19

23

9 25

COMPARISON

ORDERING PRINCIPLES

28

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Istana Budaya | Kuala lumpur 6

45

48

52

56

69

60

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Malaysia National Art Gallery and theatre 7

By Wojtek Gurak

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Istana Budaya or also known as Palace

Construction began in 1995 and was

of Cultural, is Malaysia's premier venue

completed four years later, with an area

for all types of theater, including musical

of 21,000 m² Istana Budaya built as part

theater, operetta, classical concerts, and

of a 54,400 m² cultural complex. The

opera

international

resort is set in beautiful gardens with a

shows. It is located in the heart of Kuala

swimming pool, six-hole golf course,

Lumpur, next to the National Art Gallery.

lake, indoor badminton courts and

It was founded in september 1999. It was

tennis courts. For security reasons there

built at cost of RM210 million with the

is a sentry for members of the Royal

aim to raise the standards of performing

Malay

arts, theatre production, also a place of

entrance, and two Buckingham Palace

developing excellence in theatre and

sentries on either side of the arch, with

higher sense of artistic appreciation.

members of the cavalry uniform' gala.

from

local

and

Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

Regiment

and

the

main

Background

Introduction

The building is design by local architect

There are many notable international

Muhammad Kamar Ya’akub. He graduated

performances that have taken place

from

at Istana Budaya such as The Merry

the

University

of

Newcastle

in

Australia. He apply many Malay Culture in

Widow, Tosca, Carmen, The Merchant

his design, one of it is the Istana Budaya,

of Venice by the Royal Shakespeare. If

the building is shape as Wau Bulan, which

local production, Puteri Gunung

is one of the Malay traditional kite.

Ledang- one of the most successful

This

theatre is the first theatre in Asia that has a

production staged here. The show

sophisticated stage mechanism for theatre

which opened to full house on

performance also it was rated as among

almost all night. National Symphony

top ten most sophisticated theatre in the

Orchestra and The National Theatre

world along with Royal Albert Hall in

Company resides is the residence

London. Istana Budaya is one of the

here in Istana Budaya.

General information

By Wojtek Gurak

Malaysian pride.

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The Phantom of the Opera at Istana Budaya | prestige Hong Kong One of the latest theatre performance being held at the Istana Budaya. This is of the top team that being performing at the prestige stage around the world. With the technology and the functional equipment they could manage to deliver a top performance.

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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

Theatre performance of Puteri Gunung Ledang with full audience in Istana Budaya | flickr

Puteri Gunung Ledang The Musical | Malaysia Tourism

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Establishment Establishment Objectives Objectives

The purpose of establishing the Istana Budaya is part of its function as a national

theater

standard.

architect's

goal

to

high-quality

production

The

organize or

great

performance is his main goal. In this regard, the Istana Budaya pursues five objectives

of

the

State

Stage

in

carrying out its activities, namely;

Picture by everaoh

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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

a) Improving the aesthetic achievement of Malaysian performing arts. it aims to develop the performing arts to a more

brilliant

level.

so

that

outsiders

recognize the cultural palace as one of the same level centers with theaters abroad. b) Creating a professional Theater. develop professional

Theater

activists

in

Theater

through training. became one of the arts centers for art activists. c)

Creating

high

quality

Theater.

By

marketing its products intensively through a specific

selection

before

a

staging

is

performed at the Palace of Culture. d) to appreciate art. increase the audience and

spectators

of

performing

arts

in

appreciating quality Theater that cultivates noble values.

In order to maintain the planning objectives of the Cultural Palace to be stable and relevant, this makes not all art activists have the opportunity to staging their Theater otherwise

their

application

to

stage

a

performance will be considered for a long time before the application is approved as lstana Budaya has its own guidelines.

13

14

Aerial view of the Istana Budaya

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Picture by tourmap

Site study

Building History The history of Istana Budaya started in 1964 when a proposal to form the National

Culture

submitted

by

then

Center

was

Ministry

of

Information and Broadcasting and Ministry

of

Cultural

and

Social

Welfare.

Istana Budaya was mooted during National Cultural Congress in 1971 as a Malaysisn art discourse.

Its establishment was advanced by the

establishment

of

National

Cultural Group (KNB) in 1972 under jurisdiction of Ministry of Cultural, Youth and Sport. in 1973, KNB moved

from

Jalan

Ampang

to

National Culture Complex at Jalan Tun Ismail that focuses its activities professionally in traditional dance and music.

16

Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

Google.maps

Site background Istana budaya is situated along Jalan Tun Razak which is one of the main road that makes up, as well as running through Titiwangsa.

Due to the structure being situated at the central business district of Kuala Lumpur, it is highly accessible to the public making it popular to tourists and culture enthusiasts.

Site Context Diagram | stacyangie.com

Getting there is an easy task walkways are laid out with tactile paving making up 65% of

the

exterior

sidewalks

leading to the theater along with buildings around it.

Google.maps Walkway with tactile paving

There is an overhead bridge a few meters away from the theater that aids in the flow for those wanting to cross the road safely to either side.

Google.maps Overhead bridge

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BUILDING ACCESSIBILITY

Buses are a convenient way to travel to and from Istana Budaya.

Google.maps Hop On/Off Bus

A designated taxi stand.

Google.maps Taxi stand

The building is affected by high noise pollution as it is opposite a major road that occasionally

becomes

congested. However, the noise seems to be totally cut off once behind doors of the structure.

Google.maps Jalan Tun Razak

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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

SITE CONTEXT ANALYSIS Istana budaya is a distinct for that sort of stands out from the rest of the structures running along Jalan Tun Razak.

The structure seems to offer a more

relaxed

“turquoise”

ambience compared to the rest of the buildings around it.

mapsoftheworld.com IB stands outs from other structures.

The building portrays a sense of openness as the structure seems to be unison with the

Unison with the surroundings gettyimages.com

To

enhance

surrounding context.

the

relaxed

experience, lush greenery local to

malaysian

paints

the

ground around the culture Google.maps

center.

Greeneries around the culture center

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The view of the entrance at night with colourful lighting

Kuala Lumpur - Palace of Culture - Istana Budaya | Flickr

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Architectural style Design Concept The unique design of this cultural center, Istana Budaya, is based on certain aspects of Malaysian culture. With the concept of traditional meets modern, and the spirit on bringing the building to become culture landmark of malay race. Seen from

Picture of the building from the top | Wikiarquitectura

above, the intricate shape of the cut and the placement of the traditional moon kite set, "Wau Bulan Kelantan", the traditional kite, region of Kelantan, but also reminiscent of re-cut.

Malaysian architect, Muhammad Kamar Ya’akub also enhance the concept by developing malay tradition.

In the main building, for example, the building from is an arrangement of traditional hand carved betel tree

leaves

"sirih

junjung"

used

in

Malaysian

weddings and welcome ceremonies as an opening word and ceremony to strengthen the relationship

Rumah Melayu Melaka | Wikipedia

between visitors and the receptionist, in line with the function of the building that always welcomes visitors with a variety of superior art performances.

This is applied to the building roof and also the main logo design of Istana Budaya.

According to the architect each part of the building is design base on the malay culture aspect, this means that the building pursue the traits of rumah melayu or known as Malay Traditional house, such as the spaces arrangement and the grand staircase ‘tangga melaka’ is inspired by the Melaka kampung house.

Sirih Junjung Malay wedding traditional gifts | pengantinbaru.com

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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

Influences Malaysian architecture especially vernacular architecture

includes

many

styles

from

different groups and cultures, such as: Muslim,

Chinese,

Malaysian,

Indian

and

European colonial past. Different Malaysian architecture across Malaysia, the north seems to have an influence on Thai households, while those of those. The South is influenced

by Indonesia (especially Java).

Wood is one of the most common and important

materials

in

the

history

of

Malaysian architecture. From village houses to palaces, the use of wood is very important.

Besides wood, also Malaysian architecture combines bamboo and leaves.

Istana

budaya

is

a

malaysian

cultural

building. That's not only serve as a place for art performance , cultural centre exhibition but even the building apply the Malay culture

aspect.

From

the

stairs

til

the

decoration of the building for example the ornaments is influences from the Malay vernacular architecture, with a bit of spice made the building modern in a modern developing country. Istana Budaya is a good example of architecture that meets the standard of one of the unique building that brings Moon kite structure at the front of Istana Budaya

up

the

cultural

of

malaysian

community.

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Architectural style Analysis on the influences

The building plan based

Moon kites | cikimm.com

Wau Bulan / Moon Kite is a traditional kite.

The shape of the kite create two space which became the base of the building and create a interlocking space pattern.

Section cut of the building to show the part that applying the Malay culture aspect which is the betel leaves hand carved arrangement.

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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

Royal boxes istana budaya | Nexuslad

Malay house jendela | Impiana

Large and spacious and the Royal boxes mirrors the windows or known as “Jendela” of Malay village houses. This is one of the influences Malay vernacular architecture that being apply in Istana Budaya.

A multi-tier floral arrangement of “Sirih” betel leaves symbolic piece for Malay weddings,

festivities

and

welcoming

ceremonies is used at the roof of the theatre.

Betel leaves hand carved arrangement | Impiana

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The staircase leading to the grand

entrance

of

Istana

Budaya. The staircase resembles the staircase of a traditional Malay House, Melaka traditional house staircase, the staircase expand on the front part brings the sense of welcoming to the building

while

building look grand.

ISTANA

Grand staircase in front of the entrance | commons.wikimedia.org

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The auditorium is made to resemble Royal palace hall in history.

Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

Balairong seri Istana Negara | Istock

made

the

ISTANA BUDAYA

Morten village house sample | Libur

The layout of the building is influenced by the general layout of the typical Malay village house (Rumah Kampung).

The floor plan of Istana Budaya

A . Serambi is the lobby and foyer B . Rumah Ibu is the auditorium C . The rumah dapur is stage and rehearsal hall

The auditorium | pgl

B U D A YA

KUALA LUMPUR

Malay village house | jepengelv.blogspot

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By holidaygogogo.com

Architecture style

Building Comparison

By dkfindout.com

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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

Sydney Opera House was chosen to compare its architectural styles and the concept of the Malaysian National Theater. This is because both buildings are icons respective countries.

In addition, the two buildings were built on a large scale and had similar functions is a place that many people gather and enjoy. But

Betel leaves hand carved arrangement

the design concepts of the two buildings are difference. Concept that being used to design the Istana budaya is traditional blends with modern, with the main idea is applying the malay culture elements exterior and interior.

As mention, the wau bulan or moon kites, which is the Malay culture traditional kites, is

Moon kite

being used to as the base plan of the building.

The final form of the building

While

the

betel

leaves

hand

carved

arrangement which known as sirih junjung, being used as part of the buildings roof idea.

Peeled orange

Overall Istana Budaya is a Malay cultural architectural

style.

Sydney

Opera

house

concept is

address the effectiveness of the

building’s

function

as

a

contemporary

performing arts centre. The base idea of the building is actually came from a peeled orange Cut peeled orange in different size

that is cut into different size and shapes and organize it with different hierarchy. Overall the building is actually a modern architectural building which totally different style than the Istana Budaya

Both of the building is built

based on different design concepts and styles The final form of the building

and comes from a variety of backgrounds.

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Istana Budaya glowing at night with KLCC tower behind it.

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Kuala Lumpur - Palace of Culture - Istana Budaya Reflection on water | Flickr

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Spaces Relationship Spaces A fusion of various aspects of Malay culture has inspired the Istana Budaya's distinctive architectural style.

The building layout of Istana Budaya follows a typical Malay house pattern, divided into three major sections: - The Lobby and foyer as ‘Serambi’ or veranda area. This space consists of a smaller area of the whole building, The lobby has a lower floor level than rumah ibu. It is connected to 2 halls namely, the stall and the great circle.

Serambi- Lobby and foyer area | nexusled

- The Auditorium as ‘Rumah Ibu’. This is the core space of the building, it consists of the largest area.

- The Main Stage as ‘Rumah Dapur’ or kitchen area. It is situated in the back of the building. This part consists of the stage and the rehearsal area.

Hierarchy in sections

Lobby area ‘Serambi’

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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

Rumah Ibu- Auditorium space | stateautomation

Auditorium ‘Rumah ibu’

Rumah Dapur- Stage area | tourmap

Back stage ‘Rumah dapur’

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Zoning

The density of people flow in Istana Budaya varies at different part of the building. a) The lobby is the only public space which is open to all the visitors

and

has

the

highest

flow

of

people.

b) The auditorium is a private area that is closed to visitors during the day, but when there is a performance, it is opened to the public. As a result, the movement of people is different. c) Finally, the stage and rehearsal hall have the least amount of people flow. This area can only be used by those who are authorized.

a

b Visitors Circulation (public)

c

Public zone

Audience And Guest Circulation (semi private)

Semi- private zone Private zone Hierarchy of zoning of Istana Budaya, (Public to Private) Staff and Performer Circulation (private )

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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

Ordering Principle Symmetry

Symmetry and balance from the top view | tourmab

On the vertical axis, this building creates a symmetry

and

balance.

The

idea

of

symmetry is evident when the matching parts are evenly spaced on either side of a central axis, creating visual balance. The top view of the building is inspired from ‘Wau Bulan’ / Moon Kite,

a traditional

malay kite. The shape of the kite create

Plan of Istana Budaya

two space which formed an interlocking space pattern.

Wau Bulan | bkites.wordpress

HIerarchy

(public

to

private) The lobby is a public place that is accessible to all guests. The auditorium is a semi-private area that is offered for events. The stage and rehearsal hall is a private place that is only accessible to those who have been given the authority. The flow of hierarchy can be clearly noticed from the sectional drawing. It has followed the zoning of the Malay traditional layout.

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HIerarchy (VOLUME) Even though the form, floor planning and the

noticeable than other subtle spaces. Having

design are symmetrically balance, there are

the smallest volume between the three

few spaces that stands out more than other.

sections, the front section has the total floor

These

section

area is _______ that consist of the lobbies,

(Serambi), main section (rumah ibu) and back

gallery and ticket box. Next, having ______

section (rumah dapur). The reason why these

floor area that covers the rehearsal studios

spaces are more noticeable is because of the

and changing rooms, located in the back

space function and the activity movements

section. The main section where the main

intended there. In the section, shows that

auditorium located, has the biggest volume

there are three space that have more volume

of 21 000 m2 area.

spaces

are

called

front

with higher floor levels especially making it more

Hierarchy in sections

FRONT

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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

From the volume in space dimensions, we

600 - 650 staffs including the rehearsal

are able to calculate a suitable number of

studios and changing rooms. The main

capacity in the area. The lobbies in the front

section where ‘Panggung Seri’ Auditorium

section could accommodate 100 - 150

located could accommodate around 1500

people at a time which are suitable as a

people at a time. However, there are only

small event area and a waiting area before

1431 total seating that consist of 623 stalls,

entering the auditorium. While the back

292 upper circle seats, 312 grand circle

section, the area could hold the capacity of

seats,124 orchestra pit, 16 gold sits and 46 VIP seats.

MAIN SECTION BACK SECTION

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Gable Roof | tourmab

Elevation of gable roof

Repetition Sirih junjung | shutterstock

The roof of the structure is shaped like a ‘sirih junjung.' It is a multi-tiered flower arrangement system with Betel nut leaf.

The betel leaf is used as a symbolic piece. The roof of Istana Budaya is a copy of a gable roof that was built using the ‘folding' method.

Repetition of triangles have been used in the roof. Also, a traditional Malay house consists of three-tiered roofing system, which have been incorporated in this design.

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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

Pattern & form At first glance, Istana Budaya definitely full of cultural ambiance associates with the Malay cultures including the traditional Malay house (Rumah Kampung). The modern yet local design created from the floor plan, that have a wau bulan for the main motifs that progressed into combination of few shapes. These shape patterns suggest an interlocking relationship of spaces in the building that results in overlapping and emergence of pattern into a shared space.

Istana Budaya has an almost symmetrical or balance form in both left and right sides which visually carries an equal volumes in the design.

Since Istana Budaya was built to stands out, the

symmetrical

balance

form

allows

attraction in all area equally. A vertical axis cut through the centre from the top tier green roof stacks to the ground act as a central point to balanced out the rigid and structures form

PATTERN INTERLOCKING OF SPACE

of the building.

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VERTICAL AXIS

THE FORM SYMMETRICALLY BALANCE

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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

“As

an architect you design for the present, with an awareness of the past, for a future which is essentially unknown.”

By Norman Foster 41

Aerial view | Tourmap

The Building Layout 42

Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

Ground floor plan

First floor plan

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Section cut A

Section cut B

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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

ISTANA BUDAYA 3d model of Istana Budaya by Tinkerzone 45

Picture by tourmap

46

Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

Culture is the widening of the mind and of the spirit.

By Jawaharlal Nehru

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PUBLIC

ENTRANCE (FOYER)

AUDITORIUM ENTRANCE (FOYER)

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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

BACK SECTION

SEMI-PRIVATE

PRIVATE

AUDITORIUM

BACK STAGE

Spatial Typology

Linear typology

A linear organization consists essentially of a

The spaces are directly related to one another and

series of spaces. Because of their characteristic

linked through a linear space.

length, linear organizations express a direction

from

and signify movement, extension, and growth.

distinction between public and private space. The

The Istana Budaya is the best example that

spaces are linked and transformed from public

illustrates that the linear circulation.

(Entrance/foyer) to semi-public (Auditorium) and

the

above

diagram,

As can be seen

there

is

a

clear

to private space (Back stage).

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50

Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur FRONT SECTION

AUDIENCE CIRCULATION

STAFF CIRCULATION

VISITORS &

MAIN SECTION

Circulation & Movement BACK SECTION

There are few circulation pattern can be determined in the floor planning of Istana Budaya. The basic circulation consist of the horizontal and vertical movement through space that facilitate the flow from entrance to the respective spaces.

Going deeper, the circulation in Istana Budaya are divided into three movement which are from the visitors, audience and the staffs. Firstly, the visitors are only allowed to visits the front section of the building that consist of lobby, galleries and exterior part.

Secondly, the audience that paying for the fees are allowed to enter the main section of the building which are the Panggung Sari

Auditorium

and

Lambang

Sari

Auditorium.

Thirdly, the staffs mostly allowed to move freely in the building including the back section that consist of costume galley, changing

rooms,

practice

hall,

artis

lounges, meeting rooms, offices, the back entrance and more.

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Spatial Experience

By Uwe Aranas

SE1 SE2

By Anita&Sheerin

The large entrance with wide Melaka style staircase felt welcoming.

SE3 SE4

Entrance

Main Lobby

SE1 Inviting & Pleasing SE2

Spacious & Cozy

SE5

By wikiarquitectura

The grid organization that consist of three dimensional parallel lines also results in linear movement

in the spatial experience. The

movement started from the entrance into the main space (auditorium). Each space gives different feels and experience to the visitors.

By wikiarquitectura

The high ceiling and glass walls from top to lower floor made the space felt spacious.

52

Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

By portalistanabudaya

The excitement when stepping the grand staircase along with subtle lighting and classy decoration.

By portalistanabudaya

Beyond entering, visitors felt mesmerize with the classy yet local decoration in the large beautiful auditorium.

Main Stairway

SE3

Appealing & Exiting

Hallway

SE4

Auditorium

Enclosed & nervous

SE5

Mesmerize

END

By stateautomation

By Zia Tripadvisor

By NasusLED

The enclosed hallway before

There are also private sitting decorated with malay

entering the auditorium

ornaments on top floors to view the stage.

decorated with local motifs on the floor & wall.

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The lighting inside the auditorium of Istana Budaya during Merdeka Award, was mesmerizing, the warm light shing fill the auditorium made it look grand and glamorous.

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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

Picture by Kuala Lumpur

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Istana Budaya drone view | TOURMAB

Building Construction The Istana Budaya is a all type purpose theater, it

provides a total control on two of the main climate

could held an opera performance, a musical or

factors which is sun and rain. Just like a roof of a

band

vernacular Malay house. The roof is steep and have

performance,

concerts

and

any

dancing other

performance,

quality

musical

performance. It’s construction work began in

wide overhangs for shading against direct solar radiation and control glare from the open sky.

1995 and completed in 1998 which takes 3 years time. This building built with having a theater

The Architect chose to use RC columns and beams

floor area with 21,000 m² as a part of cultural

as the grid system due to the strength and

complex which have 54,400 m² at a cost of 210

versatility of reinforced concrete. The grid system

million malaysian ringgit.

allows to reflect spacing characteristics spacing of the building and can also be used to define the

Istana Budaya’s roof is a gable styled-roof with a

foundation footings and the column grid of the

repetition of gable roof constructed by using

building.

"folding" method. The design and the roof of the Istana Budaya is climate responsive towards Malaysia’s tropical climate as it

56

Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

Building Component (structural) The architectural design of the rooftops as well as the doors is based on the traditional Malay floral motifs like betel leaves and the flying moon kite.

ISTANA BUDAYA ROOF FORM

Image shows the use of Malay flower motifs on the interior ceiling

By tourmap

By sivakumar

The intricate and special design of Istana Budaya is based on many Malay cultural aspects.

The complex shapes derived from cuts

and

placement

of

a

traditional kite moon flight “gigantic piece of origami”.

By Wojtek Gurak

By Wojtek Gurak

57

The roof makes the building become one of the

more

striking

structure

in

Kuala

Lumpur’s due to the unique turquoise tiled roof and rises the majestically above the treetops be it from any direction. The design and the roof of the Istana Budaya is climate

responsive

towards

Malaysia’s

tropical climate as it provides a total control on two of the main climate factors which is sun and rain. Just like a roof of a vernacular Malay house, the pitched roof, is steep and

By devianart

have wide overhangs for shading against direct solar radiation and control glare from

ISTANA BUDAYA ROOF STRUCTURE

the open sky.

By dribbble

Having

a

pitched

roof

also

means

the

internal

accommodation of the building will not suffer from the extremes of temperature that tend to afflict rooms under flat roofs as it will be more efficiently insulated.In case of an extension, pitched roof allow the building to blend in more effectively into the rest of the property while retaining a sense of individuality and character.

Aside from being a decorative element, the steep roof of Istana Budaya is efficient rainwater evacuation and also By dribbble

58

Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

provides protection against the driving downpour.

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Concrete base floor is layered with

varies

in

design

and

material, each suitable for the space function.

By stateautomation

ISTANA BUDAYA FLOOR

By eyeinthesky blog

ISTANA BUDAYA

By portalistanabudaya

By portalistanabudaya

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ISTANA BUDAYA column

By eyeinthesky blog

By eyeinthesky blog

By Zia Tripadvisor

The column is an upright pillar, supporting the structure of the building. In Istana Budaya, majority of the columns are in cylindrical shape.

is part of the building that

form a fundamental part that By eyeinthesky blog

defines an area providing security, shelter, interior rooms separation, soundproofing, sometimes

decoration

for

fire

and

safety.

Different type of wall and with different finishing is used for different purposes.

By eyeinthesky blog

60

Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

ISTANA BUDAYA wall

Wall

ISTANA BUDAYA ceiling

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Ceiling is the overhead surfaces which are often used to hide floor and roof construction. Beneath the roof, ceiling is designed as betel leaves pattern, which is an iconic of the building. The ceiling board in Panggung Sari is a type of ceiling which is excellent in absorbing

By NexusLED

vibration.

connecting from one floor to another floor. Straight stairs are found in Istana Budaya.

The staircases resemble the staircase of a traditional Malay House, which expand on the front part, achieving the look

ISTANA BUDAYA STAIRCASE

The staircase is a medium

By NexusLED

of a grand entrance.

By howtravel.com

61

Coconut trees around Istana Budaya | James Williams 2010

Shading Components It is obvious how the structure provides great shelter away from the intense sunlight due to the general layout of the large roofs and wide overhangs above. Coconut tree and plantation are planted surround the building and are used to shade the pedestrian walkways.

Furthermore, the vegetation around the structure enhance the cooling effects.

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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

Responses towards climate Sunlight

Serambi is the smallest space among the three spaces in the traditional Malay House. It is located in front of entrance of the house to have more natural

lighting.

Daylight

comes from the tempered glass wall and brightens up the lobby (Serambi) as to create

a

welcoming

ambience

to

the

visitors.

While the auditorium (Rumah Ibu) and the rehearsal hall (Rumah

Dapur)

does

not

really need natural light as it used artificial lighting. Aside from that, the building is orientated

in

southwest

northeast

format,

indirectly

minimises

which the

exposed area to direct solar radiation during the day.

Natural air blew in from the openings of the building. However, auditorium and rehearsal

ventilation

stage is not naturally ventilated.

63

By TripAdvisor

By NexusLED

By Ong Jia Hui

By NexusLED

Motif of Bunga Cempaka is found at the ceiling.

The balcony surfaces display traditional vernacular motifs in reflection

of

Malay

local

culture, thus setting the mood and identity of Istana Budaya.

64

Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

Ornamentation

Sulur Bayung is placed at the edge of the roof.

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By TripAdvisor

Sculpted reliefs on the wall at the entrance.

65

The motifs decorated on the audience seating and the carpet on the hallway floor are taken from the leaves pattern and flow of the Local Banyan Tree (Pokok Beringin).

By portalistanabudaya

By portalistanabudaya

Wood carvings on the entrance door was made in ‘tebuk tembus’ style where the

wood

are

perforated in both sides light

showing

a

translucent

visual on the door

By AzlyZakry

66

Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

By wikiarquitectura

frames.

Istana Budaya drone view | NexusLED

Selection of Exterior Materials

67

Large tempered glass | WikiArquitectura

ISTANA BUDAYA

GLASS WALL Tempered glass wall which is transparent created an open and positive environment to welcome the visitors. Large tempered glass

TILED ROOF

made the building stands out as the building Blue tiled roof with natural thermal

built in the era of modernism and makes the

mass insulation properties is shaped

space stylish and elegant while allowing

into sharp edges extending outwards

maximum light penetration.

and

arranged

in

repetition

and

hierarchy manner.

CONCRETE WALL & COLUMNS

PLYWOOD CEILING

The most common yet vital building material

68

Beneath the roof ceiling is designed as betel leaves pattern, made by white painted plywood with the support of concrete structure. This application leaves users a great first impression of the strong iconic roof pattern.

in our daily life-concrete is also used in Istana Budaya. Painted in white and grey, numerous similar

short

columns

in

the

exterior facade represent malay traditional house design. It is obvious that Istana Budaya blends

both

traditional

architectural design.

Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

arranged

and

modern

Pebble wash is used in the

flooring

and

staircases of the exterior Istana

Budaya

because of its durability and

wonderful

color.

Some are arranged into floral and geometrical pattern to improve the aesthetics of the floor

PEBBLE-WASH FLOORING

of

finishing.

High-quality

tropical

wood with hand-carved flowers

and

leave

designs have been used for doors.

WOOD DOOR

Pebble wash staircase and flooring | World Map

Tropical wood with hand-carved motif | Smarttravelapp.com

69

Selection of Interior Materials

TIMBER PANEL The

wall

surfaces

and

balconies

in

Panggung Sari are made of timber panels of "merbau" wood. The wall reflects many traditional

elements

of

the

culture

of

Malaysia. The wood carvings enhance the visual beauty while displaying traditional vernacular motifs in reflection of Malay local culture.

Its

royal

boxes

open

up

like

traditional Malay-style windows.

Balcony protrusions on the wall | WikiArquitectura

CARPET FLOORING The flooring of Panggung Sari is made

up

of

woollen

carpet

consisting of 80% wool, 20% nylon. The carpet plays a vital role in absorbing sound, preventing echo.

Woollen carpet in green | WikiArquitectura

70

Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

Istana

Budaya.

For

example,

the

and

floors

staircase in the Lobby are covered with marble tiles

MARBLE TILES

Marble tiles can be found in

Langkawi.

Woollen carpet in green | WikiArquitectura

ISTANA BUDAYA FIBERGLASS REINFORCED GYPSUM

Panggung Sari uses fiberglass reinforced

gypsum(FRG)

ceiling board with a thickness range of 38mm to 50mm.

Regular gypsum board will be too thin for most purposes in concert hall acoustics. FRG has the ability to dampen sound transmission by using the inner polymer layer as a kind of shock absorber that slows vibrations.

Woollen carpet in green | WikiArquitectura

71

Building Safety & Services UNIFORM BUILDING BY LAW

FL

WR

Direct Distance Risers (UBBL 230, 231) All parts of floor within 45m from a landing valve Route Distance Fire Lifts (UBBL 197A) Not more than 61m travel distance from furthermost point.

Fire Fighting Shafts (MS1183 21.2.3) With Fire Lift, no more than 61m from fire mains outlet measured on route in laying a hose AND Without Fire Lift, no more than 45m from fire mains outlet measured on route in laying a hose

72

Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

Riser All parts of the floor within 45m from a landing valve

Fire fighting access lobby Level distance from futhermost point does not exceed 45m

SEWERAGE LINE SYSTEM

The drainage channel in the Istana Budaya opens from a channel through the lowered ceiling and under the lowered floor and through the walls to the desired space and surface. The exhaust pipe comes from the toilet and opens to the suspended ceiling and under the board.

The Istana Budaya includes an underground sewer pipeline network, a pumping station, a waste treatment plant and a sludge processing plant. This helps transport trash or rubbish from the house.

73

Electrical wiring from duct passes through suspended

There are service duct running vertically through

ceiling and underneath suspended flooring and through

the floor on the north and south side corridors.

the wall to the designed space or area. Istana Budaya

These service

have it own power control room next to the building.

electrical wiring to the rest of the floors and building.

All

electrical

connections

originate

from

Along

ducts are used to carry the

with

the

ducts

there

are

the

distribution boards at each level as well. There

Transformer room at ground level on the east end of

special Electrical ducts near the stage area as

the building. There is a separate access to the room

well as the

from the outside. The transformers provide the power

access to electrical connections.

Main

stage area will need easy

to the building.

ELECTRICAL LINE SYSTEM 74

Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

74

HVAC SYSTEM By studying the floor planning, it is determine that Istana Budaya have two HVAC system placed which are Smoke Ventilation system and Air-conditioning system. The smoke ventilation system is located at the top level in the fly tower of the building. A few numbers of smoke vent doors were installed on the edge of roof line to allow smoke escapes the enclosed space when fire breaks out.

The air conditioning system in Istana Budaya has two separated duct system of Air Handling Units (AHU). The first AHU located in the east side of building basement. While the second AHU located on the west side of the building at 14 meter level. The Vertical AC ducts connected to each AHU throughout the length of the building. The ducts were installed in different places in the building that allow cool air flow into the spaces.

75

Istana Budaya Technology AUDITORIUM The shape of the auditorium room or known more as Panggung sari is design as a fan shape. The width to narrow

arrangement

or

seating

create an intimate space between audience and the performer. In addition, it also helps with sound reflection,

as

well

helps

the

performer to hear each other better and promote projection towards the audience.

Room shape 130

degree

optimum

maxim

acoustical

angle and

for

visual

condition bring s the audience closer to the performer. The fan shape auditorium does help a lot for a music performance which ensuring the visual and acoustical quality.

76

Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

Picture by tourmap

The circular concentric scheme of projecting stage of the Panggung seri, is designed to increase the efficiency of the visual and acoustic.

Its movable offered to accommodate different

types

different

seating

of

occasion.

levels

helps

The to

achieve desire acoustic quality.

Seating arrangement

77

Istana Budaya Technology SOUNDPROOFING

Furniture

The chairs in Panggung Sari consists of 1421 seats which is made up of premier high density plywood with painted surface on the backrest and seat. While the cushion is made up of polyurethane high flexibility foam.

This polyurethane foam used for the seats

exhibits

absorption, capacity

excellent

high

and

shock

dynamic

excellent

load

vibration

dampening.

Picture by lisze

The flooring of Panggung Sari is made

up

of

woollen

Flooring

carpet

consisting of 80% wool, 20% nylon.

The carpet plays a vital role such that sound reflected from ceilings and walls are absorbed, preventing any echo. While the stage is made up of detachable

wood.

Due

to

its

hardness and strength, it is able to reflect

and

channel

sounds

in

various directions, thus amplifying performance sounds.

Picture by lisze

78

Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

CEILING

The ceiling, which is approximately 18 metres from the ground is adjustable and is made up of fiberglass reinforced gypsum (FRG) ceiling board with a thickness range of 38mm to 50mm. The thickness of the gypsum board keeps it stiff and prevent vibrations, as well as low frequencies absorptions. FRG has the ability to dampen sound transmission by using the inner polymer layer as a kind of shock absorber that slows board vibrations and dissipates the sound energy into thermal energy.

Picture by lisze

Picture by lisze

Picture by lisze

wall

The design of the VIP boxes are of curved edges which acts as a surface to diffuse or disperse sound in all direction uniformly.

Besides, the wooden wall panels are made up

Diffusion is very effective for high to medium

of "merbau wood". Also, it was specially made

frequencies, as the vibration strength is less

acoustic panels which helps absorb and reflect

than that of a low frequency sound, and

sound using high density fiberglass infill which

therefore easier to disperse. As a result, this is a

has high sound absorption coefficient.

great way to reduce echoes.

79

The Istana Budaya formal logo also designed

Istana Budaya Logo Design

using

the

Sirih

own

meaning

The

where

most

of

these

compositions are used at weddings as a symbol of the opening ceremony to strengthen the relationship between visitors and receptionists. symbolic of the composition in line with the function of the Istana Budaya which always welcomes visitors to the cultural palace and is with

performances.

Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur

composition.

composition of the Sirih Junjung alone has its

presented

80

Junjung

a

variety

of

superior

art

“In pure architecture the smallest detail should have a meaning or serve a purpose.”

By Augustus W. N. Pugin 81

“The object of art is not to reproduce reality, but to create a reality of the same intensity.”

— Alberto Giacometti

82

Picture of the auditorium by tourmap

83

Conclusion Istana Budaya is a national theatre which located at northeast of Malaysia. It was built in the year of 1995 and completed in September 1997. In terms of form and shape, the distinctive architectural style of Istana Budaya is inspired by a fusion of diverse aspects of Malay culture.

Furthermore, it is a remarkable postmodern landmark that represents a fusion of vernacular revivalism

and

modernist

expressionism

architecture styles. It has adopted traditional Malay vernacular architecture, which symbolises our national identity, yet has been modernised and

progressed

to

become

a

good

postmodernist building in the architecture scene. Aside from that, the use of industrial materials such as glass is also one of the characteristic of being a building modernism.

Istana Budaya has raised the standards of performing

arts

in

Malaysia.

It

not

only

developed artistic excellence in theatre for our country

but

it

state-of-the-art, productions. developing

high

This a

has results

supreme

also

popularise

quality in sense

theatre

our of

country artistic

appreciation. Istana Budaya provides a home for Malaysia's performers to shine such as the National Symphony Orchestra and choir.

84

Istana Budaya | Kuala lumpur

Photo by Wojtek Gurak

85

Reference ●

✅ Malaysian National Theatre, Istana Budaya - Data, Photos & Plans. (2020, September

20).

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ARCHITECTURE MALAYSIA. (2013, November 20). ARCHITECTURE,INTERIOR,BUILDING. https://anjungserambi.wordpress.com/architecture-malaysia/

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House

Event

Spaces.

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(n.d.-a).

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87

Studio IIb Precedent studies on Malaysia National Art Gallery & Theatre Architectural studies IUKL June 2021

Picture by Wojtek Gurak