Sublimity of Horror Architecture

SUBLIMITY OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE -- A Thesis on Changing the Image of a Nuclear Power Plant

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

Sublimity of Horror Architecture A Thesis on Changing the Image of a Nuclear Power Plant

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Fan Pan 03457526 Academy of Art University Graduate School of Architecture M. Arch (63 units) Presentation Day: December 20th, 2019 Graduation Day: December 20th, 2019

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Project Description

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Abandoned infrastructure embodies the beauty of human’s creation, which not only includes the embedded beauty of technolog y and histor y, but also includes the potential functions in the future and the oppor tunities of utilizing the strong formal statement. This project explores such beauty of the abandoned infrastructure. In this project, the design needs an alternative method. Rather than Modernist “form follows function,” which had already happened as engineers first designed and constructed the site, “function follows form” will be the suitable design strateg y so that the already-power ful industrial formal language can be revitalized for new programs and new visitors.

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Study Timeline

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FA17 ARH 609: Intermediate Design Studio 1

Peter Suen & Mark Myers

ARH 620: Digitally Generated Morphology

Peter Suen

ARH 602: Graduate Design Technology 1: Structures Carl Wilford

ARH 641: Architectural History: Modernism and its Global Impact Stamatina Kousidi

6 units 3 units 3 units 3 units

SP18 ARH 608: Advanced Design Studio 1 - Concept, Context,& Typology 6

Mark Mueckenheim & Maria Paz De Moura Castro

ARH 604: Material and Methods of Construction: Building Detailing 3 David Gill ARH 642: Architectural Theory 3 Dora Johns

IAD 625: Survey of Sustainable Design 3 Michael Sammet SU18 ARH 659: Digitally Generated Fabrication Peter Suen

units units units units

3 units

FA18 ARH 619: Advanced Design Studio 2 - Concept & Comprehensiveness 6 units

David Gill & Ethen Wood

ARH 690: Thesis Preparation & Development 3 units David Gill

ARH 605: Graduate Design Technology 2: Environmental Controls 3 units

Shakeel Ahmed/Matthew Williamson/Wyatt Kennedy/Toby Lewis/

McLean Pierce/Darby Rowland/Goetz Frank/Jennifer Asselstine

SP19 ARH 810: Master of Architecture Thesis 6 units

Maria Paz De Moura Castro

ARH 606: Construction Documents and Building Codes 3 units

Yim Gloria Lim Jew GR 700: MA Portfolio Seminar 3 units Marry Scott SU19 IAD 611: BIM 3 units Edward Pertcheck

ARH 614: Architectural Professional Practices 3 units Elizabeth Tippin FA19 ARH 810: Master of Architecture Thesis 6 units David Gill Total Units: 63 units 7

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Table of Contents

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1.01 Concept Statement

11-14

1.02 User Group Narrative

15-20

1.03 Precedent Studies

21-52

1.04 Research

53-72

1.05 Research Summar y

41-47

1.06 Site & Context Analysis

73-76

1.07 Existing Site

77-92

1.08 Area Master Plan

93-100

1.09 Program Diagram

101-104

1.10 Spatial Analysis

105-112

1.11 Building Code Analysis

113-114

1.12 Site Model

115-120

1.13 Massing Study Models

121-136

1.14 Bibliography

241-253

2.01 Development Models

137-152

2.02 Site Plan

153-156

2.03 Floor Plans

157-166

2.04 Building Section

167-170

2.05 Elevation

171-174

2.06 &2.07 Wall Section & Par tial Elevation

175-178

2.08 Building Details

179-184

2.09 Sustainability Strateg y

185-200

2.10 Egress Diagram

201-202

2.11 Structural Diagrams

203-214

2.12 Mechanical Diagrams

215-216

2.13 Public Space Section

217-218

3.01 Presentation Model

219-222

3.02 Exterior Perspectives

223-226

3.03 Interior Perspectives

227-240

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Project Abstract

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This project is to explore and find a solution for the decommissioned Rancho Seco Nuclear Power Plant to be attractive to the public and serve the public.

The Power Plant was put in operation in 1974 for Sacramento County. However, it had experienced several malfunctions, which provoked many discussions on energy and sustainability. Eventually, this nuclear power plant was fully decommissioned in 2009.

Today, after equipment has been removed, the left structure, which was designed to adapt to the machine scale, becomes empty and program-less.

The huge empty structure creates a sense of fear for visitors, and make people aware of what it was used to be and concern about what it will be.

The proposed architectural solution breaks down the huge and “un-human-friendly� scale to fit human occupation by introducing a series of new programs, focusing on recreation, education, and research, to the existing cooling tower structures while incorporating secondary programs to the entire site. Proposed programs include energy and climate research labs for science, exhibitions for education, bicycling and camping for recreation, a green economy matrix for business, and conference centers for politics. With architecture being an intermediate, integrating these programs will create a chance for people who are not familiar with the site and energy production to learn about them, a location for people who are looking for special experiences to enjoy the structure, an opportunity for experts from different disciplines to work together to find out the ultimate sustainable solutions for the problems we have now.

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Concept Statement

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“Instead of thinking that individual machines amplified an individual’s life-world, this technological system had created the possibility of a ‘death-world.’”

-- David E. Nye

Nuclear energ y has been both celebrated and criticized ever since it was discovered. The radioactive material uranium was discovered in 1789, but it was not until 1895 that scientists first noticed nuclear radiation, which then lead to the utilization of nuclear energ y around the world. The X-ray, as a type of nuclear energ y, has brought people many benefits, especially in life science where nuclear radiation imaging is used. However, as the study of atomic energ y advanced through time, nuclear fission brought about the nuclear bomb. This bursting form of nuclear energ y, unlike the subtle radiation in medical experiments, shocked the world with the bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II, which lef t a long-lasting horrifying impression that still scares people today. On the other hand, our ability to control the energ y-generating process of nuclear energ y has progressed and has led to the use of nuclear power plants throughout the world.

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Since the nuclear energ y-generating process produces a large amount of heat that requires an enormous body of water to cool down the system, huge cooling towers are constructed to cool down the heated water before releasing it into the environment. Cooling towers have become par t of the nuclear power plant typolog y, and they have come to be an icon of nuclear power plants. During the Cold War period, the U.S. and the Soviet Union competed to construct nuclear-powered electricity generators to suppor t their economic grow ths and militar y developments.

Meanwhile, in the 1960s and 19070s, due to the oil and coal crisis, countries like the U.S. aimed to become energ y independent. Along with the increasing awareness all over the world that the pollutions from fossil fuel plants damaged the environment, people began to notice how “environmental-friendly” nuclear power plants were as they produced much less air pollution than fossil fuel plants during the power generating process. To conclude, nuclear power plant construction companies experienced a business boost because of all these factors. However, in 1979, the Three Mile Island’s nuclear power plant had an accident.

People identified this accident as an indicator of the meltdown of the nuclear industr y in the U.S. People came to realize the heavy construction of nuclear power plants was not sustainable at all. Additionally, the consequences of a failing nuclear power plant were unbearable no matter what.

The cooling towers, the representation of nuclear power plants, warn people about the danger of nuclear energ y and remind people about the horror of accidents.

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Despite the debates about whether nuclear energ y is benefiting human society or harming it, and whether nuclear energ y should be considered as green energ y or not, the image of nuclear power plant architecture can be identified as a new categor y of architecture: horror architecture. Horror architecture features a few unique characteristics: enormous scale (machine scale) , massive but simple volumes, highly secured sites, and specialized original functions that were designed for cer tain dangerous operations.

This thesis is to exploit the horror architecture and to propose a design to shif t the ideolog y of “horror” to “sublime” so that the horror architecture can be welcoming to the general public.

The chosen site Rancho Seco Nuclear Power Plant was first opened in 1974, the year of the Arab nations’ oil embargo against the U.S. ended. It was put into operation to provide electricity for the increasing number of Sacramento County residents. It was decommissioned in 2009. Now that this industrial area is no longer using uranium to produce electricity, the heavy structures are lef t empty and program-less.

The remaining structure on-site includes the cleaned-up reactor unit, two cooling towers, and a few of fice buildings. Besides the master planning of the entire area, my main design focuses on re -utilizing the towers and modify them as needed for the whole renovation. The site -featured characteristics are vastness and emptiness. The enormous machine scale awes the visitors at their first sight.

The original radioactive function aler ts visitors about its destructive potential and its incredible electricity-generating ability. To bring programs related to energ ysaving and climate control on this site has both tangible and intangible reasons.

The remaining structures provide more than enough spaces for the programs.

The site context, which is the wasted used-to-be nuclear power plant, gives an emotional twist as it gets transformed into a green energ y research center. By introducing new programs to the site and new perspectives to look at the site, the huge and un-human-friendly scale can be broken down for human occupation.

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User Groups 1/ User Groups Identification 2/ Sacramento County Demographic Data 3/ Typical Environmentalists

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1/ User Groups Identification

Green Economy Green Tech/Product Expo Green Economy StartUps Google Uber

Tourists

Biker Campers Horsing Riding Local Residents

Staff Energy Production Staff Food Service Staff Store Sales Staff Delievery Staff Green Hospitality Service Movie Industry Staff

Educators Professors Teachers

K-6 to K-12 Afterschool Camp K-6 to K-12 School Field Trip College Class Field Trip

Green Building/City

Environmental Activists Hunter Lovins Robert K. Watson Phil Radford Amory Lovins

Energy Researchers Energy Engineers Climate Researchers Future transportation Researchers Tesla

Contractors Designers Architects Landscape architects Urban planners Property owners / Clients

Envionmental Organizations United Nations Environment Programme International Union for Conservation of Nature International Network for Sustainable Energy Greenpeace Natural Resources Defense Council World Resources Institute Rocky Mountain Institute

Daily Users in Energy Production & Facility Operation Visitors look for Recreation & Education Energy/Climate Researchers and Policy Updating

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2/ Sacramento County Demographic Data

Population by Age Range

Population by Age Category

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Occupations

Images Cited: censusreporter.org/profiles/05000US06067-sacramento-county-ca/ 19

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3/ Typical Environmentalists Hunter Lovins

Robert K. Watson

Founder of Natural Capitalism Solutions Professor Co-authored: Factor 4: Doubling Wealth - Halving Resource Use and Least Cost Energy (1997) The First Nuclear World War (1984) Brittle Power: Energy Strategy for National Security (1983)

Founder of the LEED Green Building Rating System CEO and Chief Scientist of The ECON Group "We cannot continue to use eighteenth century economics, and nineteenth century engineering, to solve twentieth century problems. We need to move from EGOnomics to ECOnomics." Sc3 Congress, 2009

Phil Radford

Amory Lovins

Executive director of Greenpeace USA Founder of Progressive Power Lab "we are concerned that this new explosion in electricity use could lock us into old, polluting energy sources instead of the clean energy available today."

-Comments on developments of Data Center, later on "tech giants like Apple, Google, Facebook, and Salesforce have promised to power their data centers with renewable energy" - Business Insider

Images Cited: censusreporter.org/profiles/05000US06067-sacramento-county-ca/

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Chairman/Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute.

Advocates "soft energy paths," limit Nuclear Power "Nuclear power is the only energy source where mishap or malice can kill so many people so far away; the only one whose ingredients can help make and hide nuclear bombs; the only climate solution that substitutes proliferation, accident, and high-level radioactive waste dangers. Indeed, nuclear plants are so slow and costly to build that they reduce and retard climate protection"

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Study of Precedents • • • •

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Precedents Precedents Precedents Precedents

for for for for

Landscape Structure Program Space Planning

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Precedents for Landscape: 1/ PV Dust 2/ Solar Spline 3/ Solar Ivy

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1/ PV DUST Designers: George Legendre, Emanuele Mattutini, Jean-Aime Shu, and Alfonso Senatore Site #3 in Abu Dhabi, on Airport Road near Masdar City.

Description: (a) Small Plant Distance Between SPHELAR® Hosts: 3.125 meters Total Number of Hosts: 175,770 Total Number of SPHELAR® Cells: 12.4m Total Annual Energy Produced: 25,472,675 kWh/yr Total Number of UAE 3-Bedroom Houses Powered: 5,095 (b) Medium Plant Distance Between SPHELAR® Hosts: 2.5 meters Total Number of Hosts: 297,693 Total Number of SPHELAR® Cells: 21m Total Annual Energy Produced: 41,723,767 kWh/yr Total Number of UAE 3-Bedroom Houses Powered: 8,345 (b) Large Plant Distance Between SPHELAR® Hosts: 1.92 meters Total Number of Hosts: 460,350 Total Number of SPHELAR® Cells: 32.5m Total Annual Energy Produced: 63,821,598 kWh/yr Total Number of UAE 3-Bedroom Houses Powered: 12,767

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Images Cited: landartgenerator.org/blagi/archives/1020 25

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2/ SOLAR SPLINE Designer: University of Kassel and the Art College of Kassel Cooperation between the Department of Conceptual and Structural Design run by Prof. Frank Stepper, Timo Carl at the University of Kassel on the architectural side, and Dr. Markus Schein, leader of the academic workshop for Digital Design and Production Techniques at the Art College of Kassel.

Images Cited: en.reset.org/blog/solar-spline-sunshade-city-generates-clean-energy-10182018

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3/ SOLAR IVY Designer: Brooklyn based SMIT (Sustainably Minded Interactive Technology) Description: a layer of thin-film material on top of polyethylene with a piezoelectric generator attached to each leaf.

Client: University of Utah

Images Cited: inhabitat.com/solar-ivy-building-integrated-modular-photovoltaic-system-grows-bigger-better/

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Precedents for Structure: 1/ Skylodge Adventures Suites 2/ Hanging Temple of Hengshan 3/ Cable-Net Cooling Tower in Schmehausen

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1/ SKYLODGE ADVENTURES SUITES Location: Cliff of Peru’s Sacred Valley Description: 24-feet by eight-feet pods, four beds, a dining area and a private bathroom Material: aerospace aluminum and weather resistant polycarbonate Images Cited: www.cnn.com/travel/article/skylodge-adventure-suites-peru-hotel/index.html

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2/ HANGING TEMPLE OF HENGSHAN Location: Hengshan, China Description: A 5th-century temple improbably built into the side of a cliff.

Construction Method: Constructed by drilling holes into the cliff side into which the poles that hold up the temples are set.

Images Cited: www.atlasobscura.com/places/hanging-temple-hengshan

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3/ CABLE-NET COOLING TOWER IN SCHMEHAUSEN Location address: Schmehausen Location country: Germany Year of construction: 1971 Client/building owner: Vereinigte Elektrizitätswerke (VEW) Dortmund Function: Industrial buildings Climatic zone: Temperate - cold winters and mild summers

Images Cited: www.tensinet.com/index.php/component/tensinet/?view=project&id=3810

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Precedents for Program: 1/ Zollverein Master Plan 2/ Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Africa 3/ Tsingpu Baisha Retreat 4/ San Francisco Exploritorium 5/ Power Station of Art 6/ Satsop Nuclear Power Plant in Washington

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Zollverein Masterplan OMA

Public Area: Art Gallery Performance Theater Design Center Event Center Education Center Museum Visitor Center

Images Cited: https://oma.eu/projects/zollverein-masterplan 38

Private Area: Business Office Hotel

Outdoor Area: Garden Circulation Pool Seating

Outdoor Area Private Area Public Area

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Zeitz MOCAA Heatherwick Studio Public Area: Registration Pedagogy Exhibition

Private Area: Office Conference Room

Private Area:

Outdoor Area: Seating

Outdoor Area Private Area

Outdoor Area:

Public Area

Images Cited: archdaily.com/879763/zeitz-museum-of-contemporary-art-africa-heatherwick-studio/59bc17a6b22e38ff0100037f-zeitz-museum-of-contemporary-art-africa-heatherwick-studio-photo 40

Office Conference Room

Seating

Outdoor Area

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Tsingpu Baisha Retreat Tsutsumi & Associates

Public Area: Conference Room Dining Room Event Room Meeting Room

Private Area: Office Guest Room

Outdoor Area: Garden Seating Pond View Circulation

Outdoor Area Private Area Public Area

Images Cited: www.archdaily.com/895689/tsingpu-baisha-retreat-tsutsumi-and-associates 41

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San Francisco Exploritorium EHDD

Public Area:

Private Area:

Exhibition Area Education Gift Shop

Office Research Lab

Outdoor Area: Outdoor Exhibition Education View Circulation

Outdoor Area Private Area Public Area

Images Cited: https://www.archdaily.com/182320/exploratorium-relocation-to-piers-15-17-gls-landscape-architecture-with-ehdd 42

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PowerArea: Station of Art Public Private Area: Registration Design Studio Offices Original Conference Room Public Area: Exhibition

Registration Conference Room Exhibition

Preservation Room

Private Area: Breakroom

Offices Preservation Room Breakroom

Outdoor Area:

Outdoor Area

Circulation

Outdoor Area: Circulation

Images Cited: www.designboom.com/architecture/original-design-studio-power-station-of-art/

Private Area Outdoor Area

Public Area Private Area Public Area

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Images Cited: i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/12/16/00/2F66FA8C00000578-0-image-a-52_1450225624195.jpg i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/12/16/00/2F66FB2C00000578-0-image-a-65_1450225688973.jpg i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/12/16/00/2F66FA9400000578-0-image-a-75_1450225730229.jpg i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/12/16/00/2F66FAAC00000578-0-image-a-70_1450225706171.jpg 44

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Precedents for Space Planning: 1/ Chu Hall 2/ Global Ecology Research Center 3/ INRA Research Laboratories 4/ Typical Lab Design Guidance

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Chu Hall - Solar Energy Research Center Architects: SmithGroup Location: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Category: University General Contractor: McCarthy Building Companies Area: 39000.0 ft2 Project Year: 2015

1/ CHU HALL --Solar Energy Research Center Architects: SmithGroup Location: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Category: University General Contractor: McCarthy Building Companies Area: 39000 sqft Project Year: 2015 47

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Images Cited: www.forconstructionpros.com/sustainability/article/12198441/the-sustainable-construction-of-a-solar-energy-lab 48

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2/ GLOBAL ECOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER

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--Carnegie Institution of Washington Architect: EHDD Architecture Location: 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA Completion: March 2004 Area: 10900 sqft Catagory: Research Laboratories, Offices, Greenhouses Occupancy: 45 full-time researchers and staff Code: California Building CodeZ

Images Cited: www-legacy.dge.carnegiescience.edu/about/building/ 49

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3/ INRA RESEARCH LABORATORIES Architects: Tectoniques Architects Location: Lorraine region, France Category: Laboratory Area: 15500.03 sqft 51

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Images Cited: www.archdaily.com/354179/inra-research-laboratories-tectoniques-architects 52

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4/ TYPICAL LAB DESIGN GUIDANCE Images Cited: www.wbdg.org/building-types/research-facilities/research-laboratory

Lab Design Guidence

Shafts in the middle of the building

Shafts at the end of the building

Exhaust at end and supply in the middle

Typical lab structural grid.

In most cases, the structural grid equals 2 basic lab modules. If the typical module is 10 ft. 6 in. x 30 ft., the structural grid would be 21 ft. x 30 ft.

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Research 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5/

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Map of Power Plants Serving California Energy Generation Efficiency Comparison - Nuclear vs Solar Energy Generation Land Use Comparison - Nuclear vs Solar Energy Production Cycle Power Plant Typology

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1/ POWER PLANTS SERVING CALIFORNIA Decommissioned Coal Natural Gas Nuclear Solar Wind Hydro Geotherm Biomass landfill Gas

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Sacramento San Francisco San Jose

Los Angeles

San Diego

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40 Acres Nuclear Power Plant 160 Acres Stand-by Cooling Water / Reservoir Nameplate Capacity: 913 MW Electricity

1966 Acres Solar Farm Nameplate Capacity: 250 MW Electricity 58

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2/ ENERGY GENERATION EFFICIENCY COMPARISON - NUCLEAR VS SOLAR

...... ......

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0' 128' 256' 60

512'

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1024'

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3/ ENERGY GENERATION LAND USE COMPARISON - NUCLEAR VS SOLAR 61

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4/ ENERGY PRODUCTION CYCLE

Coal Mining

Wat er

Wastes

Coal Washing

l d Coa

Water with Ash Content

Purifie

Consumption

Coal-Burning Power Plants Working Process

te Wa

r

Products Appliances Transmission Lines Transformer

El ec y

S

it

te

ic

am

tr

Water from Steam

Turbine

Generator Coolant Energy Steam

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Burning

Boiler

Pollutants: Oxides of Nitrogen NOX Oxides of Sulfur SOX Particulate Matter Greenhouse Gases: Carbon Dioxide CO2 Methane CH4

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Oil

Fr

(May

es

be)

h

Air Co

Natural Gas Mining

mp re ss or

Wastes

Combustion Chamber

Natural Gas-Burning Power Plants Working Process

High-Pressu

re Air

Consumption

Products Appliances Transmission Lines Transformer

Turbine

El ec tr ic it y Regenerator Generator

Exhaust

Greenhouse Gases: Carbon Dioxide CO2 Methane CH4 (unburned)

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Ra

wW ate r

Wastewat

er

Living Use Industrial Use

Pathogens： Bacteria Viruses Tr

te ea

d

e at W

r

Screening

or

in

e

Large Objects

C

hl

Disinfection

a

ne

se

Water Treatment Wokring Process

Disinfectant: Chlorine Chloramine Particles Pathogens

Suspended Soilds Pathogens

Pre-Chlorination Aeration, Softening, Membranes

Algae Fungi Dissolved Inorganics Minerals: Iron...

Filtration

Pol yele

Sedimentation

L arge

64

M

a ng

r Parti ca

les

Coagulation Flocculation Slow-sand Filtration

ctro

lyte s

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

5/ POWER PLANT TYPOLOGY --Renewable Energy: Solar

Renewable Energy Power Plant Typology Photovoltaic Solar Farm

Renewable Energy Power Plant Typology Photovoltaic Solar Farm

Images Cited: goodnewsnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Topaz-Solar-Farm-Calif-released.jpg kc3ipr.club/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/solar-car-ports-solar-carport-solar-carports-australia.jpg alchetron.com/cdn/ashalim-power-station-dd6bda45-c7be-49cc-9841-827247041a4-resize-750.png solarreviews.com/content/images/blog/post/solar-shingle.jpg 65

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

5/ POWER PLANT TYPOLOGY --Renewable Energy: Wind

Renewable Energy Power Plant Typology Wind Power Plant

Renewable Energy Power Plant Typology Hydroelectric Power Plant

Images Cited: goodnewsnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Topaz-Solar-Farm-Calif-released.jpg kc3ipr.club/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/solar-car-ports-solar-carport-solar-carports-australia.jpg alchetron.com/cdn/ashalim-power-station-dd6bda45-c7be-49cc-9841-827247041a4-resize-750.png solarreviews.com/content/images/blog/post/solar-shingle.jpg 66

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

5/ POWER PLANT TYPOLOGY --Renewable Energy: Water

Renewable Energy Power Plant Typology Hydroelectric Power Plant

Renewable Energy Power Plant Typology Geothermal Power Plant

Images Cited: goodnewsnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Topaz-Solar-Farm-Calif-released.jpg kc3ipr.club/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/solar-car-ports-solar-carport-solar-carports-australia.jpg alchetron.com/cdn/ashalim-power-station-dd6bda45-c7be-49cc-9841-827247041a4-resize-750.png solarreviews.com/content/images/blog/post/solar-shingle.jpg 67

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

5/ POWER PLANT TYPOLOGY --Renewable Energy: Biomass

Renewable Energy Power Plant Typology Biomass Power Plant

Images Cited: goodnewsnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Topaz-Solar-Farm-Calif-released.jpg kc3ipr.club/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/solar-car-ports-solar-carport-solar-carports-australia.jpg alchetron.com/cdn/ashalim-power-station-dd6bda45-c7be-49cc-9841-827247041a4-resize-750.png solarreviews.com/content/images/blog/post/solar-shingle.jpg 68

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

5/ POWER PLANT TYPOLOGY --Nonrenewable Energy: Coal

Nonrenewable Energy Power Plant Typology Coal-Burning Power Plants

Nonrenewable Energy Power Plant Typology Coal-Burning Power Plants

FourCorners Power Plant, Arizona In transition from Coal-burning to Natural Gas Power Station

Upper Left/ Four Corners Power Plant, Arizona: In transition to Natural Gas Power Station

Navajo Generating Station, Arizona Close in 2019 as the biggest customer contract (with LA) expires.

Upper Right/ Navajo Generating Station, Arizona: Closed in 2019 as the biggest customer contract (with LA) expired Lower Left/ San Juan Generating Station, New Mexico: Local coal mining area, maybe close in 2022

Citation: occupy.com/file/coal-mining jpg

San Juan Generating Station, New Mexico Maybe will close in 2022.

69

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

Nonrenewable Energy Power Plant Typology Coal-Burning Power Plants

Nonrenewable Energy Power Plant Typology

Intermountain Power Plant, Utah: Reid Gardner Generating Plant, Nevada: Coal Mining Reid Gardner Generating Plant, Nevada Closed in 2017 and in transition from Coal-burning to mixed Natrual Gas and Renewable Energy Closes in 2025 as CA prohibits purchasing coal Power Closed in 2017, in transition to mixed Natural Plant. generated electricity Gas and Renewable Energy Power Plant

Intermountain Power Plant, Utah Close in 2025 as CA prohibits purchasing coal generated electricity.

Coal Mining Landscape Scars 70

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

5/ POWER PLANT TYPOLOGY

--Nonrenewable Energy: Natural Gas

Nonrenewable Energy Power Plant Typology Natural Gas Power Plants

Citation: occupy.com/file/coal-mining jpg

71

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

5/ POWER PLANT TYPOLOGY --Nonrenewable Energy: Nuclear

Nonrenewable Energy Power Plant Typology Nuclear Power Plants

Nonrenewable Energy Power Plant Typology Nuclear Power Plants

Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant - Operating through 2025.

Operating through 2025

72

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

Nonrenewable Energy Power Plant Typology Uranium Mining

Uranium Mining Landscape Scars

Citation: occupy.com/file/coal-mining jpg

73

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

Site Analysis 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5/

74

Distance Diagram Existing Site Area View Site Visit Photos Rancho Seco Nuclear power plant Cooling Tower Structure Rancho Seco Nuclear Power Plant Working Cycle

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

1/ DISTANCE DIAGRAM

Sacramento

25 miles

Ura

Rancho Seco Power Plant

75

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

2/ EXISTING SITE ARIA VIEW

76

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

Image Cited: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Rancho+Seco+Nuclear+Generating+Station/@38.3444507,-121.1229035,17z/data =!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x809a9057062d5d3d:0x72f6961dd024852e!8m2!3d38.3444507!4d-121.1207148 77

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

3/ SITE VISIT PHOTOS --Autumn

78

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

79

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

80

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

81

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

82

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

83

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

84

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

3/ SITE VISIT PHOTOS --Spring

85

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

86

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

87

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

88

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

89

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

90

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

4/ RANCHO SECO NUCLEAR POWER PLANT COOLING TOWER STRUCTURE

3 Million Gallon Cooled Water Basin 91

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

5/ RANCHO SECO NUCLEAR POWER PLANT WORKING CYCLE

92

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

93

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

Existing Site 1/ Existing Site Area Master Plan 2/ Existing Site Plan 3/ Site Scale

94

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

95

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

1/ Existing Site Area Master Plan 0 96

0.78

1.55

3.1 Miles

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

97

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

2/ Existing Site Plan 0 98

32'

64'

128'

256'

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

99

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

L

M

S XS XS

100

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

XL

3/ Site Scale

101

Sacramento N

0

750 375

1500

3000 Feet

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

Program diagram 1/ Program Categorizing 2/ Program Sizing 3/ Program Distributing

102

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

1/ Program Categorizing

Green Economy Green Tech/Product Expo Green Economy Matrix with office areas for rental Energy Production (Solar) Energy Production (Natrual Gas) Movie Industry GOOGLE Green Tech Center

Outdoor Trails Camp Grounds Horse Raising Living Areas Restaurants Commercial Stores Retreat Center

Recreation

Green Building/City Material Stores UBER Eco-Delievery Prototype Exhibitions

Visitors

Convention Center Energy Research Labs Climate Research Labs Future Transportation Research Labs Future Transportation Racing Track TESLA Future Transporation Lab Researchers Dedicated Living Areas Offiices

Education Lab Exhibition Routes Exploritoriums Museums Teenager Center College Exploration Sites

Daily Users in Energy Production & Facility Operation Visitors look for Recreation & Education Energy/Climate Researchers and Policy Updating 103

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

2/ Program Sizing

425 ft.

425 ft.

253 ft.

Transamerica Pyramid 104

Rancho Seco Nuclear Power Plant Cooling Tower

Hyett Regency SF

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

3/ Program Distributing

105

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

Spacial Diagram 1/ Scale Diagram 2/ Experiential Space Relation Diagram 3/ Proposed Experiences

106

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

1/ Scale Diagram

View

Retreat Programs

Boarding Rooms/ Resort

Conference Center

Office Play

Exploritorium

107

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

2/ Experiential Space Relation Diagram

108

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

3/ Proposed Experiences

a/ In Biome

109

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

110

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

b/ At Biome Perimeter

111

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

Ecology Tower

112

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

Energy Tower

113

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

Building Code - Zoning Diagram

114

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T ELKHORN BLVD

þ } | ·

99

EL CENTRO RD

Community Development

McClellan Air Force Base

" $ ! #

MAIN AV

L VIL

DEL PASO RD

S RY MA

Planning and Development Code

RIO LINDA BLVD

5

E

80

DO

BLVD

R D ST

BEAUMONT ST

VA

WY

R HA

LE SE VIL RO

80

A L TA ARD Y E N EXW

EXPOSITION B LVD

JIBBOOM ST

NB

ST

I ST

MIP - Manufacturing - Industrial Park

BL VD

E RS ITY AV

IV

MU NR ST O E

OA KS

FA IR

HOWE AV

ST 56TH 59TH ST

ST

65TH ST

65TH S TXP

62ND ST

21ST AV

16

IDG

ED

R

ER RIV

5

RD

MEADOWVIEW

LD DR BROO KFIE

RD

AN

R GE

IN

FLORIN PERKINS RD

EAV

NT CE PK ER

RD

FRAN

MACK

WY MANCHA

ET

LA

CK

68TH AV

24 TH ST

PO

BLVD FREEPORT

" ! $ #

BAM

WY

KLIN

FORD DR

Y

HI

DR

ILLE

E LL VA

BRU C EV

BLVD

Miles

DR

BR

VALLEY HI

H RU S

RD

ND WI

DR

T

HAV

99

29TH ST

DR

ELDER CREEK RD

þ } | · 25TH ST

RD

24TH ST

FLORIN

EN

AMHERST ST

ET CK

R IA

65TH STXP

BLVD

DE DR

Sacramento Executive Airport

SI

G

PO

LO

47TH AV

RT FRE EPO

GR EE NH

BL VD E SID RIV

TC - Transportation Corridor

D

þ } | ·

POWER INN RD

ORIA GL

AVE N

R ER

D

SPX - Sports Complex

LEMON HILL AV

BLVD

RD

H - Hospital

BLV

FRUITRIDGE RD

N KTO

IN OR FL

ARP-F - American River Parkway

OM

RD

FRUITRIDGE RD

47TH AV

14TH ST

A-OS - Agriculture-Open Space F - Flood

FOLS

SON

POWER INN RD

MARTIN LUTHER KING JR BLVD

FRANKLIN BLVD

37TH

14TH AV

BLAIR AV

1

JACK

AV

A - Agricultural

«

50

C STO

Other Zones

A DR

( /

DR

MRD - Manufacturing, R & D

IER

S WATT AV

35TH

IV LA R

D

BLVD

M-2 - Heavy Industrial

26TH AV

IRVIN WY

FR UITRIDGE RD

AS AV

T ST

KLIN

SEAM

M-1 - Industrial

BLV

R DR

FRAN

FREE PORT

SC - Shopping Center

Industrial and Manufacturing Zones

OM

33RD ST

21ST AV

BLVD

ORMU - Office/Residential Mixed Use

ST

ST

34TH

ST 21ST

DR PARK LAND BLVD

E

E

OB - Office Building

FO LS

BRO ADWAY

12TH AV

E RD VILL SUTT ER

ID

RIV

RS

5TH AV

ST 24TH

HC - Highway Commercial

IC AMER AN RIVE

48TH

ST

5TH

T ST

H

C-4 - Heavy Commercial EC - Employment Center

D BLV

J ST

VD BL

C-3 - Central Business District

BLVD

ON

Commercial and Office Zones C-2 - General Commercial

M

KT

EJO WY

C-1 - Limited Commercial

LS O

ST

Q ST

H ST

39TH

ST ALHA MBR A

FO

W ST

2 9T

VALL

RMX - Residential Mixed Use

BLVD

ST

N ST

30TH

15TH ST ST

J ST

L AV

OC ST

RO - Residential-Office

AV

Y

AV TT WA

ST

80

INLE MCK

AV AS ELV

RMU - Residential Mixed Use

, + * )

ADW AY

E ST

CAPI TO

16TH

BRO

RCMU - Residential/Commercial Mixed Use

9TH ST

R-5 - Multi-Family (174)

ELV AS

ST

S ST

R-4A - Multi-Family (110)

C ST

I ST

19TH

P ST Q ST

3RD

R-4 - Multi-Family (58)

F ST

UN

7TH ST

ST

R-3A - Multi-Family (36)

G ST H ST

J ST

L ST LM ALL ST

CAPI TO

R-3 - Multi-Family (29)

10TH

R-2B - Multi-Family (21)

12TH

R-2A - Multi-Family (up to 17 units/acre)

0.5

, + * )

ST

R-2 - Two-Family

UR

N

RICH ARDS

BANNON

R-1B - Single or Two Family

þ } | · 160

5

R-1A - Single Family Alternative

AL OAKS DR

BLVD

" $ ! #

R-1 - Standard Single Family

D BLV SO PA ARDEN

RO Y

L DE

AU B

S OD

TRUXEL RD

HWY

Water

RE - Rural Estates

S SA VERGREEN ST PA E M AV

GARDEN

DR

Residential Zones

LA

KS

GARDEN HW Y

ERBURY NT RD CA V GROV E A

A

Street

O RW NO BYP EL CAMINO AV NORTHGATE

GATE W AY O

Highway

IA V

BL VD

N

DR

City Boundary

W IE

80

CONNIE DR

NORWOOD AV

CO

AZ E VE

80

AR M

" $ ! #

LEGEND

RIO LINDA BLVD

SAN JUAN RD

LO NGV

" $ ! #

RD

MAR YSVIL LE B LVD

GRAND AV

SILVER EAGLE RD

SAN JUAN R D

Base Zones

0

GRAND AV

WINTERS S T

80

DR WATT AV

" $ ! #

" $ ! #

BELL AV

FULTON AV

BELL AV

RALEY BLVD

A ST

DRY CREEK RD

VD BL

DIU

WY CE

NORWOOD AV

ER M

T

OM M

TRUXEL RD

EL CENTRO RD

VD BL

E AS

C

MNE S RI

ARDT

AV

RD

COSU

EHRH

This map is for general reference only. It does not specify overlay zones.

VER

BLVD

For specific information regarding land use regulations on a property, contact the public information counters at: (916) 808-5656

Updated September 03, 2014

CALVINE RD FRANKLIN BLVD

Permit Center 300 Richards Blvd, 3rd Floor Sacramento, CA 95811

JACINTO RD

þ } | · 99

DSD_GIS/Projects/Zoning/Sacramento_Zoning_Ev10.mxd | Sept 2014, DW

115

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

Site Model

116

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

117

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

118

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

1/32"=1'-0"

119

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

120

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

121

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

Massing Study Models 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5/

122

Concept: Inbound Concept: Outbound Concept: Circulation Concept: Landscape Form Finding

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

1/ Concept: Inbound

123

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

124

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

125

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

2/ Concept: Outbound

126

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

127

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

3/ Concept: Circulation

128

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

129

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

130

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

4/ Concept: Landscape

131

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

132

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

5/ Form Finding

133

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

134

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

135

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

136

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

137

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

Development Models 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/

138

Programming Form Finding Circulation Tectonic Modeling

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

1/ Programming

139

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

140

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

2/ Form Finding

141

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

142

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

3/ Circulation

143

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

144

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

4/ Tectonic Modeling

Plan

Plan

Elevation

Elevation 145

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

Plan

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

Detail 1-a

Detail 2-a

Detail 1-b

Detail 2-b

Connection 1

Connection 2

Elevation

ECOLOGY LAB VERSION 3 146

1

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

Detail 2-a

Detail 3

Detail 2-b

Connection 2 147

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

148

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

149

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

150

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

151

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

Ecology Tower

152

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

Energy Tower

153

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

Master Plan 1/ Approaching Site: View of Solar Net 2/ Master Plan 3/ Site Solar Net Installation Detail

154

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

1/ Approaching Site: View of Solar Net 155

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

L

M

S XS XS

156

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

XL

L

2/ Master Plan (left) 3/ Site Solar Net Installation Detail (right) 157 Sacramento N

0

750 375

1500

3000 Feet

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

Floor Plans 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/

158

Ground Floor Plan Ecology Tower Floor Plan at 104ft Floor Plan at 204ft Floor Plan at 304ft

A T H E S I S O N R E V I TA L I Z I N G A N U C L E A R P O W E R P L A N T

159

FA N PA N — M. A RC H

1/ Ground Floor Plan 0

160

15'

30'

60'

SUBLIMIT Y OF HORROR ARCHITECTURE

120'

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2/ Ecology Tower Floor Plan at 104ft 0

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3/ Floor Plan at 204ft 0

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4/ Floor Plan at 304ft 0

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Building Section

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170

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0

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Elevation

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0 174

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175

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Wall Sections

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1/ Ecology Tower Program Bubble 2/ Energy Tower Program Bubble

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1/ Ecology Tower Program Bubble

178

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2/ Energy Tower Program Bubble

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Building Details 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/

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Program Structure Connection to Concrete Wall Fabric Roof Drainage Details Glass Enclosure Installation at Tower Bottom Legs Wind Turbine Installation Detail

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1/ Program Structure Connection to Concrete Wall

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2/ Fabric Roof Drainage Details 182

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183

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3/ Glass Enclosure Installation at Bottom Legs 184

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4/ Wind Turbine Installation Detail

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Sustainability Strategy Diagrams

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1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5/

Solar Analysis Shadow Analysis Plants Analysis Formal Analysis - Cut Line Water Cycle Analysis

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1/ Solar Analysis 188

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March Equinox: 20.03.2019 Sun Max. Elevation: 51.52 Min. Shadow Length: 0.79m/1m height At 1:30 pm June Solstice: 21.06.2019 Sun Max. Elevation: 75.03 Min. Shadow Length: 0.27m/1m height At 1:15 pm September Equinox: 23.09.2019 Sun Max. Elevation: 52.22 Min. Shadow Length: 0.8m/1m height At 12:45 pm December Solstice: 21.12.2019 Sun Max. Elevation: 28.22 Min. Shadow Length: 1.86m/1m height At 12:30 pm

189

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2/ Shadow Analysis

MAR 190

JUN

SEP

DEC

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192

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Emergent over 200ft high

Canopy 100ft to 200ft with Epiphytes

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Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) (230ft)

Shorea Robusta (80-170ft)

Hevea brasiliensis (145ft)

Shorea roxburghii (130ft)

Brosimum alicastrum (130ft)

Ficus elastica (98-131ft)

Cedrela odorata (98-131ft)

3/ Plants Analysis 194

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Understory Pioneer Trees

Borassus (fan palm) (98ft)

African Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) (66ft)

Cecropia peltata (65ft)

Ceiba glaziovii (32-59ft)

Laurus nobilis (23-59ft)

Hong Kong orchid tree (20-40ft)

Banana Tree (16ft)

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Forest Floor

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Chamaedorea elegans (2ft, 6’7”-9’10”)

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ‘Heat Flash’ (4-6ft)

Grecian Pattern Plant (2-5ft)

Fishbone Fern (1-2ft)

Colocasia esculenta ‘Tropical Storm’ (30”)

Epiphytes

Curtain Fig (49ft)

Ficus microcarpa (82ft)

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197

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4/ Formal Analysis - Cut Line 198

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5/ Water Cycle Analysis

200

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Lake 201

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Egress Diagrams

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Ecology Tower

Energy Tower

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Structure Diagrams

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1/ Load Analyses 2/ Module Structure and Connection Analyses 3/ Proposed Tectonic Experiences

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1/ Load Analysis

206

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2/ Module Structure and Connection Analysis

207

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208

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210

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3/ Proposed Tectonic Experiences

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Mechanical Diagrams 1/ Ecology Tower 2/ Energy Tower

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1/ Ecology Tower

2/ Energy Tower

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Public Space Section Ecology Tower

218

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Presentation Model

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222

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1/ Energy Tower Section Model (1/32 Scale) 2/ Ecology Tower Section Model (1/32 Scale) 3/ Detail of Ecology Tower

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Exterior Perspectives

224

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226

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227

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Interior Perspectives

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Energy Tower 1/ Rain Room Exhibition - Entry Level (Ground Floor) 2/ Wind Energy Exhibition - 120ft Above Ground in the Tower 3/ Hanging Program Bubble - 260ft Above Ground around the Tower Ecology Tower 4/ Jungle Exhibition - 50ft Above Ground 5/ Canopy Exhibition - 150ft Above Ground 6/ Rain Collection Exhibition - 300 Above Ground

229

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Energy230Tower 1/ Rain Room Exhibition - Entry Level (Ground Floor)

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231

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232

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233 Tower Energy 2/ Wind Energy Exhibition - 120ft Above Ground in the Tower

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234

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235 Tower Energy 3/ Hanging Program Bubble - 260ft Above Ground around the Tower

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236Tower Ecology 4/ Jungle Exhibition - 50ft Above Ground

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237

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238Tower Ecology 5/ Canopy Exhibition - 150ft Above Ground

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239

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240Tower Ecology 6/ Rain Collection Exhibition - 300 Above Ground

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241

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242

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Thank You.

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Loads of thanks to my thesis professor, David Gill, who guided me through the design and completion of my project with patience, understanding, and inspiring thoughts.

Many thanks to professors, Mark Mueckenheim, Yim Gloria Jew, and Alberto Bertoli, who cared and supported me through my thesis year.

Many thanks to Suanna Douglas and Benjamin Corotis, who answered my silly and crazy questions to finalizing my project.

Many thanks to Wynn Newberry, who read my concept statement repetitively and corrected my gramma issues.

Many thanks to Erin Berta, who helped me find library resources and waited for my archive.

Last but not least, loads of thanks to my families, who love me and support me all the time.

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Colophon

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Academy of Art University, School of Architecture ARH 690: Thesis Preparation & Development ARH 810: Master of Architecture Thesis David Gill Fan Pan fan.pan.y2009@gmail.com (510) 565-6726 Fan Pan, Yang Hu, & Jia Chen Sublimity of Horror Architecture: A Thesis on Revitalizing a Nuclear Power Plant Premium Uncoated, 80 lb Franklin Gothic Book Adobe Creative Cloud @2020 all rights reserved.

No part of this publication can be reproduced without express permission from Fan Pan. 257

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