The Re(a)d project

FID

EXPLORE. READ. SHARE. Project presented by Faina Iasen BA (HONS) Product Design Lvl. 4

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1. Research Episode 1.

Episode 2.

Episode 3.

Chapter 2. Process

1 2 3 4 5

CHAPTER 1 'RESEARCH' In 3 episodes: Episode 1. I have a quest for you Episode 2. Searching for an area Episode 3. The forgotten land

CHAPTER 1

*** EPISODE 1 'I HAVE A QUEST FOR YOU' In which questmaster Colvin gives us 3 quests we have to complete to get a mysterious treasure called "brief" that nobody has seen for a long time but everybody has heard rumours of.

QUEST 1

OBSERVATION This task required us to go out in the big world and search for peculiar ways people adapt the world around them to their needs. We went overseas to the area called Baumanskaya and performed our seeking there. Here are the pictures of the strange things we saw on our journey.

working seat

garment holders

cleaning supplies

flower beds

stabilisators

rain protection

plate holder

door holder

wall handle?

QUEST 2

THE BLINDMEN In which we had to navigate in the dark with no opportunity to see. Our fellow travellers helped us on our way to the peculiar land of Baumanskaya again.

We visited a McDonalds where a noble manager provided us with all needed assistance and found a place for us to settle down. But even though there were kind people like the townsfolk of McDee, we met numerous troubles during our adventure.

RESULTS

People in Moscow are rude and do not give a shit about disabled people if they are not in a wheelchair Subway is a freaking hell for a person with sight problems - no indicators on escalators, no braille alphabet on maps, crowds of people not caring about you or your blindness Escalators are scary as hell if you don't see the steps - they just swing you away from the place you were standing on and if you didn't put your feet right in the centre of the step, you will most likely fall McDonald's staff is well trained - when the cashier realised that Dima was "blind", she pressed the manager-on-call button and obviously gestured him at Ima. After that the manager offered us help and found us all a big table, asking several times if we needed any other assistance.

Crossroads on pedestrian roads are "invisible" for blind people - they don't have any hills or grooves to indicate the start/end of the road. It is done for those on bicycles but can be very dangerous for people with sight issues.

QUEST 3

THE BODYSTORM In which we had to recreate a situation with all types of annoying people on the board of a plane and find ways to improve the situation by doing so.

The videos of this amazing action can be found here:

RESULTS

At first, when Angus gave us this task, I didn't understand it. I thought it was a bit silly and unnecessary, and overall a waste of time. Why can't we just sit in a circle and discuss? But then, the more we went into this, the more I understood that physical memory kicks in and reminds me of certain things. So, it was quite an exercise and a lesson. It was very fun as well. Maybe we were a bit too serious and overexcited, and if we paid a little more sense to it, it would work much better, But even our funny play actually brought us some ideas.

*** EPISODE 2 'SEARCHING FOR AN AREA' In which I figure out what the hell I want to do, where and what to look for. Oh, and go on a dangerous but exciting adventure!

YEAH!

CHAPTER 1

Map of my adventure Angus Daniel

Stepa

Done already

New ideas Fails

Final idea

First thoughts Start

That's it!

MINDMAP

So the story begins with me standing in the middle of nowhere. Â And what do you do when you have no idea where to go? I usually try to figure out all directions possible and then chose one that looks the most logical or just better than others. I did the same stuff in this situation. I sat down and made a map of all the directions that came to mind at the moment. Here's what I got. I started with 4 main categories and then just kept adding arrows and points to the map. Now there are about 50 different areas and smaller points and spheres that I can go to to look for my research topic.

P u b l ci

s p i h s on i t a el R

s p a c se

MINDMAP

oH m e s

Social

ps u o r G

of

e l p o pe

\MÉ…IND MAP/

is a diagram in which information is represented visually, Usually with a central idea placed in the middle and associated ideas arranged around it.

I use it quite often to sketch my ideas, pour them out on paper o it is easier to observe them all together.

G r o u p t o p e r os n

n o s r pe o t on s er P

O en t o on s e l f

Relationships

p u o r g to pu o r G

Relationships

One-to-onself

Person-to-person

therapy

family friendship romance partnership teacher-to-student

Group-to-person

Group-to-group

bullying teacher-to-class public speakers parents boss-to-employees

gangs rivaling classes bullying competitions sports

mental health

oY tu h

n e r d il Ch

&

s n e e t

A d u l t s

Groups of people y l er ld E

Groups of people

Children and teens

high levels of energy toys? educational stuff 'rebel phase' dependent on parents

Youth

students always low on money stressed out works & study simultaneously

Adults

Elderly

bullying teacher-to-class public speakers parents boss-to-employees

gangs rivaling classes bullying competitions sports

B a t h r oo m

m o ro ed B

iK t c h e n

Homes n o i t a z i n a rg O

Organization

Kitchen

Bathroom

shared kitchens in rented flats cooking when living alone

water & steam spoil materials hygiene

Organization

books of dif sizes huge massive bookshelves

interior & architecture

work desk books clothes space org time org

closets: function & aestheticsÂ

calendars clocks & alarms

cS h o o l s

c i bl u P

t r o p s n a r t

iL b r a r i e s

Public spaces s t r o p r i A

Public spaces

for study for relaxation for entertainment

Public transport

Schools

subway trams & trolleys buses taxis

pre-school elementary school middle school high school college university

Libraries

Airports

reading spaces atmosphere navigation

luggage navigation security check document system

CHAPTER 1

*** EPISODE 3 'THE FORGOTTEN LAND' In which I try to solve the mystery of the empty halls and dusty shelves. Where did everyone go? What changed so much in these last years?

No answers, only more questions.

After wandering through forests of web links and oceans of discussions with my fellas I decided to continue my journey towards the great land of libraries. They were popular once, people visited them and stayed there for hours, but now they become more and more abandoned. Books get dusted, forgotten on their shelves. Some of them don't even dream of seeing the world outside of their habitat anymore. I want to go there, research and explore. What happened to once great and loved libraries?! Is there any way to help them get back their former greatness and honor?

A MILLION QUESTIONS?!?

WHY do

WHY did people

people

STOPgoing to

visit libraries?

WHO goes to libraries?

libraries?

WHAT is

What's the

changing in

HISTORY of

libraries?

libraries?

FIND ANSWERS!

What's the HISTORY of libraries?

WHAT is changing in libraries?

WHAT is the role of a library in the future?

Cultural probe

Historical timeline

WHAT's the role of a library in community?

WHAT is the relationships between CHILDREN and libraries?

WHO goes to libraries?

Questionaire

WHY do people visit libraries?

WHY did people STOP going to libraries?

Character profiling

TIMELINE \'TɅIMLɅIN/

a graphical representation of a period of time, on which important events are marked.

Historical timeline of libraries

Greek libraries 4th century BC

Library of Alexandria 3rd century BC

Chinese works 206 BC

Pergamum library lost to Rome 133 BC

Rome's private libraries 88 BC

In the West the idea of book collecting, and hence of libraries as the word was understood for several centuries, had its origin in the classical world. Most of the larger Greek temples seem to have possessed libraries, even in quite early times. The tragedian Euripides was known as a private collector of books, but the first important institutional libraries in Athens arose during the 4th century BC with the great schools of philosophy. The schools of Plato and of the Epicureans did possess libraries, the influence of which lasted for many centuries.

Aristotle’s library formed the basis, mainly by means of copies, of the library established at Alexandria, which became the greatest in antiquity. It was planned by Ptolemy I Soter in the 3rd century BC and brought into being by his son Ptolemy II Philadelphus with the collaboration of Demetrius of Phaleron, their adviser. The founders of this library apparently aimed to collect the whole body of Greek literature in the best available copies, arranged in systematic order Many collections of records were destroyed in the course of wars or were purposely purged when rulers were replaced or when governments fell. In ancient China, for example, the emperor Shih huang-ti, a member of the Ch’in dynasty and ruler of the first unified Chinese empire, ordered that historical records other than those of the Ch’in be destroyed so that history might be seen to begin with his dynasty. Repression of history was lifted, however, under the Han dynasty, which succeeded the Ch’in in 206 bc; works of antiquity were recovered, the writing of literature as well as record keeping were encouraged, and classification schemes were developed.

In Asia Minor a library rivaling that of Alexandria was set up at Pergamum during the reigns of Attalus I Soter and Eumenes II . Parchment was said to have been developed there after the copying of books was impeded

by Ptolemy Philadelphus’ ban on the export of papyrus from Egypt.The library was hand down with the whole of the kingdom of Pergamum to the Roman people in 133 bc, and Plutarch records an allegation that Mark Antony gave its 200,000 volumes to Cleopatra, to become part of the Alexandrian library.

There were many private libraries in classical Rome, including that of Cicero. Indeed, it became highly fashionable to own a library, judging from the strictures of the moralizing statesman Seneca and the spiteful jibes by the poet Lucian on the uncultured “book clown.” Excavations at both Rome and Herculaneum have revealed what were undoubtedly library rooms in private houses

Aristotle’s library in Rome 60 BC

Julius Caesar Library 48 BC

Bibliotheca Ulpia AD 100

European monastic libraries 206 BC

The new learning 13-15th centuries

Reformation 1536-1540

The most famous collection was that of the Peripatetic school, founded by Aristotle and systematically organized by him with the intention of facilitating scientific research. A full edition of Aristotle’s library was prepared from surviving texts by Andronicus of Rhodes and Tyrannion in Rome about 60 BC. The texts had reached Rome as war booty carried off by Sulla when he sacked Athens in 86 BC. Julius Caesar planned a public library and entrusted the implementation of his plans to an outstanding scholar and writer, Marcus Terentius Varro, also the author of a treatise on libraries, De bibliothecis (which has not survived). Caesar died before his plans were carried out, but a public library was built within five years by the literary patron Asinius Pollio. Describing its foundation in his Natural History, Pliny coined a striking phrase that has application to libraries generally: ingenia hominum rem publicam fecit (“He made men’s talents a public possession”).

In Rome libraries were also set up by Tiberius, Vespasian, Trajan, and many of the later emperors; the Bibliotheca Ulpia, which was established by Trajan about ad 100 and continued until the 5th century

As European monastic communities were set up (from as early as the 2nd century ad), books were found to be essential to the spiritual life. The rule laid down for observance by several monastic orders enjoined the use of books: that of the Benedictine order, especially, recognized the importance of reading and study, making mention of a “library” and its use under the supervision of a precentor, one of whose duties was to issue the books and take daily inventory of them.

In Europe the libraries of the newly founded universities—along with those of the monasteries—were the main centers for the study of books until the late Middle Ages; books were expensive and beyond the means of all but a few wealthy people. The 13th, 14th, and 15th centuries, however, saw the development of private book collections. Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, and the French kings Louis IX and Charles V (who may be looked upon as the founder of the Bibliothèque du Roi [“King’s Library”], which later became the Bibliothèque Nationale [“National Library”] in Paris) were great collectors.

In England the end of the monastic libraries came in 1536–40, when the religious houses were suppressed by Henry VIII and their treasures dispersed. No organized steps were taken to preserve their libraries.

Libraries purged of books 1550

Martin Luther 1524-1537

Great national libraries 17-18th centuries

Library planing 17-18th centuries

Even more wholesale destruction came in 1550: Henry VIII and Edward VI aligned with the “new learning” of the humanists; and university, church, and school libraries were purged of books embodying the “old learning” of the Middle Ages. The losses were incalculable. During Elizabeth’s reign, however, the archbishop of Canterbury, Matthew Parker, and Elizabeth’s principal adviser, William Cecil, took the lead in seeking out and acquiring the scattered manuscripts.

Elsewhere in Europe, the period of the Reformation also saw many of the contents of monastic libraries destroyed, especially in Germany and the northern countries. The Reformation leader Martin Luther, however, did himself passionately believe in the value of libraries, and in a letter of 1524 to all German towns he insisted that neither pains nor money should be spared in setting up libraries. As a consequence, many town libraries in Germany, including those at Hamburg (1529) and Augsburg (1537), date from this time. These, and the libraries of the newly created universities (such as those of Königsberg [now Kaliningrad, Russia], Jena, and Marburg), were partly, at any rate, built up on the basis of the old monastic collections. In Denmark, similarly, some books from the churches and monasteries were incorporated with the new university library, though many were destroyed In the 17th and 18th centuries book collecting everywhere became more widespread. The motive sometimes was sheer ostentation, but often it was genuine love of scholarship. Throughout Europe and in North America, several fine private collections were assembled, many of which were eventually to become the core of today’s great national and state libraries—for this was also the period that saw the establishment of new national and university collections.

The private libraries of powerful and influential collectors, such as Cardinal Mazarin in France, were so large that a new approach to library organization was needed. The Escorial library in Madrid, erected in 1584, had been the first to do away with the medieval book bays, which were set at right angles to the light source, and to arrange its collection in cases lining the walls. The old practice of chaining books to their cases was gradually abandoned; and the change to the present arrangement, standing books with their spines facing outward, began in France—probably with the personal library of the lawyer, councillor of state, historian, and bibliophile Jacques-Auguste de Thou (d. 1617). Mazarin’s library was in the charge of Gabriel Naudé, who produced the first modern treatise on library economy, Advis pour dresser une bibliothèque (1627; Advice on Establishing a Library).

This work marked the transition to the age of modern library practice. One of its first fruits was the library of the diarist Samuel Pepys; in the last 14 years of his life Pepys devoted much time to the organization of his collection, and he left it to Magdalene College, Cambridge.

Naudé’s concept of a scholarly library, systematically arranged, displaying the whole of recorded knowledge and open to all scholars, took root. It was above all absorbed by the philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716), a prominent librarian of his age, who conceived the idea of a national bibliographical organization that would provide the scholar with easy access to all that had been written on his subject.

National collections emerge 16-17th centuries

Effect of French Revolution 18-19th centuries

The scope of European scholarship and inquiry expanded rapidly during the 17th and 18th centuries, especially in the field of historical studies and in philosophy. In France, de Thou, highly qualified as a collector, was made director in 1593 of the Bibliothèque du Roi (founded by Charles V and largely reorganized during the 15th century by Louis XII). Mazarin’s library was scattered when he was compelled to leave France during the period of unrest known as the Fronde, but it was reassembled when he returned to power in 1653. Rehoused in a new building, it was opened to the public in 1691. It remained one of France’s great libraries until after the French Revolution, when it was incorporated with other collections (including the Bibliothèque du Roi) to form the Bibliothèque Nationale, today one of the world’s great libraries On the continent of Europe the anticlerical movement that found expression in revolution sealed the fate of many monastic and church libraries: those in France, for example, were expropriated in 1789; in Germany in 1803; in Spain in 1835. In France books were collected in the main towns of the départements in what were called dépots littéraires. In 1792 the same fate befell the collections of aristocratic families, and these, too, were added to the dépots. The enormous accumulations caused problems, and many books were lost, but the plan of coordinating library resources throughout the country was carried out. The Bibliothèque Nationale received some 300,000 volumes, and new libraries were set up in many important provincial cities. In Bavaria the state library was greatly enriched by the contents of more than 150 confiscated libraries, and many of the provincial libraries were similarly enlarged.

The difficulties of library management grew in the 19th century. Libraries had increased in size, but their growth had been haphazard; administration had become weak, standards of service almost nonexistent; funds for acquisition tended to be inadequate; the post of librarian was often looked on as a part-time position; and cataloging was frequently in arrears and lacked proper method.

Further development 17-18th centuries

Antonio Panizzi 19th century

The university library at Göttingen was a notable exception. Johann Gesner, the first librarian, working in close association with the curator of the university, G.A. von Münchhausen, and proceeding on the principles laid down by Leibniz, made strenuous efforts to cover all departments of learning; the library provided good catalogs of carefully selected literature and was available to all as liberally as possible. The library’s next director, C.G. Heyne, enthusiastically followed the same principles, with the result that Göttingen became the best-organized library in the world.

A leading figure in the transformation of library service was Antonio (later Sir Anthony) Panizzi, a political refugee from Italy who began working for the British Museum in 1831 and was its principal librarian from 1856 to 1866.

From the start he revolutionized library administration, demonstrating that the books in a library should match its declared objectives and showing what these objectives should be in the case of a great national library. He perceived the importance of a good catalog and to this end elaborated a complete code of rules for catalogers.

He also saw the potential of libraries in a modern community as instruments of study and research, available to all, and, by his planning of the British Museum reading room and its accompanying bookstacks, showed how this potential might be realized. His ideas long dominated library thought in the field of scholarly—or, as they are now called, research—libraries and achieved major expression in the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C.

Community libraries 19th century

Information technologies 20th century

By the middle of the 19th century the idea had been accepted that community libraries might be provided by local authorities at public expense. This proved a significant stage in the development of library provision. Panizzi had stated that he wanted the facilities of a great library to be available to poor students so that they could indulge their “learned curiosity”; in England in 1850 an act of Parliament was passed enabling local councils to levy a rate for the provision of free library facilities.

The paradigm for libraries and librarianship shifted radically in the 20th century with the advent of new information technologies. By the end of the century, computer-based systems had given individuals access to an enormous network of information. Especially in the world’s major urban centers, the library’s traditional means of sharing access to information, such as the owning and lending of books and other materials or the sharing of these resources with sister libraries, were increasingly supplanted by the use of electronic databases that contained everything from library catalogs and subject area indexes and abstracts to journal articles and entire book-length texts. As individuals using home computers became familiar with a worldwide electronic network, the library as a storehouse site was challenged by the so-called virtual library, accessible by computer from any place that had telephone or cable lines. The role of the professional librarian also evolved, as many were called upon to be familiar with and to train others to use a variety of electronic databases.

CONCLUSION:

Libraries, same as all other services get digitalized and invaded with technological innovations.

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TYPES OF LIBRARIES Library services available throughout the world vary so much in detail from country to country that it is difficult to present anything but the most general picture of their activities.

Nevertheless, they follow a broad but discernible pattern that has evolved over the years.

National libraries

University & research libraries

Public libraries

In most countries there is a national or state library or a group of libraries maintained by national resources, usually bearing responsibility for publishing a national bibliography and for maintaining a national bibliographic information centre. National libraries strive principally to collect and to preserve the nation’s literature, though they try to be as international in the range of their collections as possible.

Before the invention of printing, it was common for students to travel long distances to hear famous teachers.

Printing made it possible for copies of a teacher’s lectures to be widely disseminated, and from that point, universities began to create great libraries. In a university library, many users may seek to use the same books at the same time. The difficulty of providing multiple copies has vexed most university librarians, who must balance slender resources against sometimes vociferous demand.

Public libraries are now acknowledged to be an indispensable part of community life as promoters of literacy, providers of a wide range of reading for all ages, and centres for community information services. Yet, although the practice of opening libraries to the public has been known from ancient times, it was not without considerable opposition that the idea became accepted, in the 19th century, that a library’s provision was a legitimate charge on public funds. It required legislation to enable local authorities to devote funds to this cause.

Special libraries

School libraries

Private libraries

Subscription libraries

The national, university, and public libraries form the network of general libraries more or less accessible to the general public. They take pride in special collections, which are built around a special subject interest. Beyond this network are a large number of libraries established by special groups of users to meet their own needs.

Many of these originated with learned societies and especially with the great scientific and engineering societies founded during the 19th century to provide specialist material for their members. Thus some special libraries were founded independently of public libraries and before major scientific departments were developed in national libraries; for example, the National Reference Library of Science and Invention

Where public libraries and schools are provided by the same education authority, the public library service may include a school department, which takes care of all routine procedures, including purchasing, processing with labels, and attaching book cards and protective covers; the books are sent to the schools ready for use. This is done in Denmark and in some parts of the United Kingdom. In other countries—the United States, for example processing may be contracted out to a specialist supplier. In most countries, in fact, school and public libraries cooperate closely.

The libraries owned by private individuals are as varied in their range of interest as the individuals who collected them, and so they do not lend themselves to generalized treatment. The phrase private library is any way unfortunate because it gives little idea of the public importance such libraries may have. Private collectors are often able to collect in-depth on a subject to a degree usually impossible for a public institution; being known to booksellers and other collectors, they are likely to be given early information about books of interest to them; they can also give close attention to the condition of the books they buy. In these ways, they add greatly to the sum of bibliographical knowledge (especially if they make their collections available to scholars).

Part public, part private, these libraries enjoyed much popularity from the late 17th to the 19th century. Many of them were set up by associations of scholarly professional groups for the benefit of academies, colleges, and institutions, but their membership was also open to the general public. Some of them are still in existence: perhaps the most famous are the Library Company of Philadelphia, founded by Benjamin Franklin in 1731; the Boston Athenaeum, founded in 1807; and the London Library, opened largely at the request of Thomas Carlyle in 1841, which today has a wide-ranging collection for loan to its members in their homes.

More information on libraries can be found in amazing article

by Estabrook, L., Francis, F., Foskett, D. and Haider, S. at Encyclopedia Britannica.

RESEARCH

QUESTIONNAIRE \ ˌKWES-CHƏ-ˈNER , ˌKWESH- \

A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions (or other types of prompts) for the purpose of gathering information from respondents.

I build mine out of diverse questions to gather different information and try to find a problem.

QUESTIONS FOR THE SURVEY

How often do you go (used to go) to libraries? What is the frequency of your visits based on?

What purposes do (did) you use libraries for?

On average, how much time do you spend in a library?

Which facilities do you use What's your favourite part of the library experience? in a library? (Wi-Fi, rental, PCs, private rooms, etc.)

Which facilities would you like to see in libraries in the future? Which innovations?

What was your experience with library's accessibility? (Membership cards, entrance fee, etc.). In your opinion, how can it be improved?

What content do you search online for? And what content do you look for in a library?

What advantages does a traditional library has compared to an online library?

What are advantages of an online library compared to a traditional library?

What's your most memorable experience with a library? (Positive or negative)

RESEARCH

QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS

A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions (or other types of prompts) for the purpose of gathering information from respondents.

I build mine out of diverse questions to gather different information and try to find a problem.

On average, how much time do you spend in a library?

THERE MIGHT BE OPPORTUNITIES FOR LONG OR SHORT PERIODS OF USAGE

40

From this graph, we can see that most people spend from 30 minutes to 3 hours in a library. Some spend from 3 to 5 hours, and almost no one spends less than 30 minutes or more than 5 hours. So the most average result would be 30 minutes to 5 hours.

30

20

10

ho ur m or e

th an

5

ho ur s 3

-5

ho ur s -3 1

-1 m in 30

le ss

th an

30

ho ur

m in

0

There were also some individual answers: I would sit from morning for as long as it is open to do my notes and past papers with a lunch break.

When studying it was from 1 to 3 h; for fiction books - less than 30 min.

If picking a book - 2 min, if working - 2-3 hours

Whats your age?

DEFINING THE TARGET AUDIENCE, THE PROTOTYPE WILL BE FOR

15-18 36%

26-35 39%

19-25 25%

These are the pie charts showing the age and occupation of people who've filled my questionnaire. It means that I can only work with the audience of college, university and PhD students and young working adults in the age range from 15 to 35 since I only have data from these sources.

What's your occupation?

DEFINING THE TARGET AUDIENCE, THE PROTOTYPE WILL BE FOR

Researcher 5% Venture avalyst 5% Project manager 11%

Enterpreneur 5% Filmmaker 5% Manager 16%

PhD student 5%

College student 16% Uni student 32%

On average, how much time do you spend in a library?

I went to the library few times ( maybe 5). All my visits to the library were caused by school/ university projects, so I went there because I had to, not because I wanted to.

3 times a week before exams, otherwise NEVER 3-4 times a year Rarely. Sometimes I don't have money to buy books or just have an inspirational space.

Not often, sometimes, like 2-3 times a month I used to go once or twice a week I used to visit them 2-3 times a week (depending on the amount of work and language classes in the library) Rare Several times a month usually, almost daily before exams several times a year 1-2 Times a month I used to go when I was a teenager to pick the fiction books. I also went there to the library while preparing for my history essays at the uni When I was a pupil - 1-2 times a week to school library (for science popular journals), 1-2 times a year to a state library for a book absent in school library. When I was a student- once a semester for textbooks. Now I don't have a library card, so I can't visit library Once a month or so very rare - twice a year in school time 1 a year max Once a month I don’t go to the library anymore to check out the books. I tend to use it as a peaceful and quiet place for long writing assignments that require uninterrupted focus and concentration. Library to me is a magical place of getting work done. It’s part of a writing ritual.

I used to go to the library during school time, especially when I have to write an essay or do research. Usually, it is 3-4 times a year.

What purposes do (did) you use libraries for?

Research Studying for exams in a quiet focused place with no distractions To find necessary information about the subject I research about To find inspirational books or to take a book that I can't find in store/which is too expensive. But still, more often I go there to study For studies most of the time, but sometimes just for that cosy feeling At first, I used the library at my university to write my research papers, later I got a membership in Russian State Library and used it as a quiet and comfortable working space. This Library is based in the city centre, has wi-fi and productive atmosphere, so I went there with my laptop once or twice a week when I needed to do a big task that required high concentration.

I attended Italian language classes and used library as a workspace Research mostly Research for essays and papers, as a quiet work-focused study place Studying; reading fiction Recreational See above For textbooks, science popular journals, internet and access to science journals, rarelyfiction Pick up a book (order online from a connected network of libraries in the area), lately, these are guidebooks (I don't need to have them, but it's good to have a printed version in the road). Also, work in silence and nice environment. In Moscow, one library had board game night, that was quite cool.. school books, new experience, place to work and read in silence Find an old paperback copy of a book Work To complete writing assignments Sometimes, I need to base my essays on exact literature (books) or to take a book home to scan some pages and make notes.

Which facilities would you like to see in libraries in

Old carpets are dusty and smelly, and I always trip over them and old shelves are squeaky. So I wish there were new furniture and space itself was redesigned because it needs more space, light and fresh air.

A desk that has a screen and u can open any book on it in digital mode and not have to go look for it and find its already taken or something like this I have never been to libraries in Russia, yet I used to visit a lot and use libraries in Europe, and I can say that mostly they are quite modern, every 2-3 years they produce some changes and innovations, so you feel very comfortable because of the huge amount of lights and space. I suppose that libraries should be very light (huge number of people spend about 5-8 hours in the libraries fool of darkness, because there is not enough of light and after that most of them have problems with eyes), a lot of free space, like open-space zoning.

To have a way of finding a book based not on author or title, but on the content. For example, if I want to find a book which mentions some details about a 2nd world war, but it might be in the book about something completely different. Maybe like a coffee machine or a coffee shop, sometimes I spend a lot of time in a library and I get hungry. But I don't feel like going out to get food because I probably won't want to come back after that. Even a vending machine would do. Also, I know there are private rooms in some libraries, but most of them don't have any. Also, sometimes it is hard to find information on the topic you're researching so it would be nice to have like a catalogue of themes and topics with books on them.

Cafe, spaces for phone calls (some room in the library where you can go for 10-30 minutes to talk and not disturb others with your noise)

the future? Which innovations?

Air conditioning, electronic entrance, working hours till late evening, a cafe in the library with some snacks, online base for all the libraries where you can find the info about books, in which libraries the person can find it, as well as some reviews for the books. It would be nice to praise people who read a lot by some additional bonuses from the library.

Just electronic books. It is the only innovation I need :) Electronic versions of books would be very useful as it's not always allowed to rent several books at a time and you can't spend all your time one a library; some guide our search by tags and not only by name of the book as a book's name is not always relevant to its content Reading lounges New books and bestsellers More PCs Book clubs (reading groups), delivery of books from other libraries, also specialized, cosy corners, working corners, opportunity to rent a big screen (and other facilities that bridge library to coworking there are special personal workspaces that block noise -libraries should have them.

Electronic catalogue accessible from home, high-tech innovations trials (e.g. virtual reality) Better Wi-Fi, Better Tables for work I’d like libraries to pay attention to the design aspect. Since for me, Library is part of the writing ritual I really enjoy going to old grand libraries where even the wall emanates knowledge.

I wish to have an ability to find all specific literature in PDF (or scanned) format for the goal to upload files, without spending time for scanning or even waiting "open hours" of the library.

Which facilities do you use in a library?

(Wi-Fi, rental, PCs, private rooms, etc.)

Private rooms ( if there are some), wifi Wifi for laptop but 3G for phone, tables wi-fi/ reading zone/ rent of the books Wi-fi, rent a book, reading hall reading halls, Wi-Fi Wi-fi, toilet, wardrobe WiFi, private room, coffee machine Just rented book Wi-Fi, reading halls, private room if there are any, book rentals, scanners wi-fi, private table) None Wi-fi; quiet rooms for reading WiFi, rental, cosy half-layback chairs Wi-fi Book rental Table, Wi-fi, Coffee Wi-Fi, private rooms RentalÂ

Point being - everybody uses Wi-Fi

What content do you search online for? And what content do you look for in a library?

I go to the library because teachers forced me to conduct primary research. Also, if there is something so specific that I can't find it online, I go to the library.

Online everything, library probably nothing except if my teacher forces me to read a book which is not free online different, I mean mostly I go to libraries to find some art books, to read by myself, I use online libraries when I need to conduct research for my project In libraries/bookstores, I search for fictions, when online I'm searching for some scientific articles. Libraries also provide great help with scientific articles, especially when you can find particular shelf about your topic.

"I search online for things that are general (like basic stuff - who's the current Emperor of Japan or so on) and most info that's not too important or complex.

But if I need details and complex statistics info for research or essays and other studies materials. " I search pretty much everything online. I would go to the library if I needed either a rare old book, a large expensive textbook, somebody's PhD dissertation (they are never available online) or art album.

Search online everything! I use a library as a silent workspace Online - articles, opinions, pictures etc. Library - books about history.

Most general content online; libraries for research, statistics and rare info in old or rare expensive books research papers, fiction books, news, anything; something old rare and undigitized Go to library when I want deeper/longer research or fiction University library has access to science journals The one that needs copying: e.g. software snippets in programming books are not so convenient in paper book new technologies, markets investigations, news. In-library - old books to read for pleasure Old books and newspaper archives - in the library Scientific literature Don’t really go there for content.

Design

What advantages does a traditional library has compared to an online library?

Russian State Library has an easy membership application process: you come with a passport and pay smth. like 450 rubles, they take your photo with a webcam and print a membership card that is valid for 3-5 years. The membership card says which library hall you can use to sit and work (students and PhDs - hall 1, for example, members of the Russian Academy of Sciences - hall 2 etc.), and that's cool because you get into one hall with the people of your age. As for improvement, I'd like to see more books scanned and available in PDFs via the library's Intranet.

Awful. Each time when you come to the library, the assistant prints you an entrance paper check where you have a password for WiFi for 30min, and every 30min you need to print it again. It’s better to have the membership card Two of them required a membership card, one free and one with an annual fee of 400 rubles; the university's one is acceded with university's ID card it was good, electronic passes and all. to widen databases (sometimes you have to search in paper archives) and digitize books.

I use LA library, it’s pretty much perfect)) lines for audiobooks kind of annoying The staff are underpaid and so there are a few people really motivated to work.

Library card (always difficult to get and a lot of time waiting for). First of all, it should be written everywhere what you need to get it (photo, passport or smth else) registration should be faster and online, no member cards New York Public Library is pretty easy to get a membership card for. Not sure how they can improve it.

The last one is membership (card). But it has no electronic version, that makes it uncomfortable.

What are advantages of an online library compared to a traditional library?

Easy and quick access to anything You don't have to travel. You can download and read on the go. You don't have a limited holding time. The book is never taken by someone else. It's quick to find compared to figuring out library shelf coding system. The books are never in bad condition and cannot be ruined as they are not physical.

You can save a page without having to scan it. It's open 24/7. You don't have to talk to librarians. It can store much more books than a real limited space. It won't burn down in a fire. It is available to everyone from any point in the world. Idk so many.

Using online library we can go very quickly from one book to another and we do not need to waste our time finding it, we just need good internet.

Easier to have an access to "It's way faster and easier to find needed information It's free most of the time You can use it anywhere, so you can work from home or on public transport You don't need to carry books around or look for them if you need to check something You're not afraid to damage a book or get fined for late return" Since in online library you have either text files or scanned PDF books, you can search for certain keywords in the books easily. It saves a lot of time.

Easier to find info that you need, it’s accessible everywhere (even from the cell phone) A lot of info, but not everything fast, compact, not physical (can be used on the go with your phone or tablet), search by words or tags" easy access, search, speed, availability of an item at any moment you need Accessibility Search speed If I need to find smth in the book quickly, I'd prefer online book It doesn't take up space, speed, wider choice Convenience, indexing, working on the go Numerous, you cannot compare the two Accessibility Saves your time ( fast searching, ability to download all the information, books you need ).

And now it is time for some emotional responses :3

What's your favourite part of the library experience?

Esthetic pleasure from touching paper books, especially if they are rare I feel like I'm focused and doing some work like a good student to feel the paper book in my hands and to smell it)) To have a cup of tea (if you're allowed) and to sit there and study knowing that no one will disturb you.

Coziness, the atmosphere of it, the feeling of touching something old wise and big. After all, a library is a huge collection of knowledge and it makes me feel inspired Ability to easily concentrate to do a hard task in a few hours.

When you feel the concentration on what you do, there is only your work and you and it’s great.The atmosphere is very work-oriented, nothing distracts you unlike at home. It's just you and your work - it really helps to complete a task that needs concentration. Also, I just love the smell and feel of books?

Smell and nice surroundings Spirit of “temple” Touch and smell the books At school, I loved the library because we can come and take everything from bookshelves without permission. I read all science popular journals from the dusty shell and organized them in a right order afterwards. And everyone was glad to see me. At university, it's convenient to sleep there.

Unfortunately.

How cosy the libraries try to become Browsing shelves, smell of books Silence Finding a cosy nook to set up my working station.

Leaving the library after a productive day of writing. " To read someone's notes on the margins of a book, it could be very interesting sometimes;)

What are advantages of an online library compared to a traditional library?

"When my friends and I were in the library, we were discussing something about our project and the librarian scolded is for talking to each other and said that if we don't stop she will make us sit separately."

- Anon "Studying before exams with friends."

- Seda "Negative one: I was trying to give a book back to the library and somehow they wrote my name as Mariana (instead of Monica) and the librarian didn't want to take books back because "It isn't your name, you can't bring back books which was ordered not by you".

A positive one: I've been in the molodejnaya library and EVERYTHING was awesome there. The stuff, the organization of space and library rules, librarian cafe, internet connection, web-catalogues - everything was on the high level."

- Ramilison Emilli Monica "Sitting in a cold comfortable and quiet place in the centre of the city in the middle of noisy hot Moscow summer."

- Anastasia "The megabits one is that every week we had the Italian language classes in a private room and sometimes the management of the library did nothing when we needed to start the classes but there were children playing and loudly laughing so they spoiled our classes!! And the librarians did nothing!!

As well as the moms of these disgusting children."

- Liviya "Reading Krupskaya at Leninka. The room was out of heating."

-K

"I had a paper coming up and lots of family problems at home which were very distracting and annoying.

So I couldn't work at home at all - I would sit at a desk and start writing but something would take me away from work and I would lose the string of thought and have to start again. So, for that week I practically escaped to a local library and stayed there for about 5-8 hours every day, just working. When I would get tired of writing I'd take a fiction book and relax with it for a bit, then come back to work. It was the best essay I've ever written."

- ML "I lost my office badge once at the metro station and someone turned it into the local library I go to, although they couldn’t possibly know that. Felt like it’s parallel universes clashing."

- Tatiana B. "The gratitude of the staff when I donated the library with two suitcases of the books I no longer needed."

- Anon "For me, it's too strange and dark in our university library, so it's difficult to concentrate. It's forbidden to drink tea or coffee inside. It's extremely difficult to copy smth..( you have to photo, but the room is so dark..). Also, I remember how it's extremely difficult to find a book you need in a card-index. At school, the library was small and free to use. I loved it."

- Eveline "Fishes in aquarium in Moscow youth library (metro Preobrazhenskaya square)."

"Finding a book that you've looked for a while but forgot its name."

"Waiting the book you need, when someone else uses it. :("

- Anon

- Anon

- Anon

HUGE

THANK YOU TO Â ALL THOSE PEOPLE, WHO SPENT THEIR TIME TO FILL OUT MY QUESTIONNAIRE

Anonymous Seda Anonymous REM Anonymous Anastasia Liviya K ML Anonymous Tatiana B Anonymous Eveline Boo Anonymous Anonymous Anonymous Yulia Anonymous

RESEARCH

CHARACTER PROFILING /ˈKARƏKTƏ ˈPRƏƱFɅILIŊ/

The character profiling is a tool for the creation of a shared knowledge about the service users inside the team. In order to build these character profiles, it’s required the identification of some significant fictitious characters and then the collecting of an image and a textual description for each one of them. The character profiles offer a clear and visible picture of the different kinds of users that are the centre of the design activities. I am going to build my character's profiles on the data from the questionnaire I've conducted, interviews with people and secondary research.

tS u d e tn

er h ) c t r s a ti e es en R ci (s

r e a d re

F r ee

Typical user t n e r a P

Emilli is a student who comes to a library to write her papers in a quiet and focused environment. Sometimes works with others on group projects, is easily distracted. She uses wi-fi a lot to find arguments and books. Sometimes has troubles with finding relevant materials and hates writing citations. She spends 1 to 5 hours in a library and usually leaves when she gets hungry. She always has her phone with her and uses for practically everything.

VALENTINA SUAREZ

THE STUDENT

Writing papers Wi-fi Work in groups Easily distracted Snacks or/and coffee On-the-go Easily distracted

Monique is a PhD student. She comes to the library almost every day to work on her dissertation and conduct research. Know contents of every bookshelf in a library, often searches for scientific publications and articles in library's archives. Highly values credibility of sources and cares about copyright, so references and quotation are really important for her.

Needs a table to spread out her materials and work on everything simultaneously.Â

MONIQUE SARDOU

Rare and expensive books Lots of data to analyse Credibility and copyright Complex content & materials Scientific publications

THE SCIENTIST RESEARCHER

Kate is a proud parent of three. Two of her kids are school age and one is in preschool. So sometimes she needs to bring the smaller one around with her. It happens so that she takes one to library from time to time. There's not much to do for a child so she get's bored and starts distracting her mom. Kate wishes there was some activities or a room for children in a library, but since there isn't one she gives her child books and colouring pages.Â

KATE CHANNON

THE PARENT

children's content needs to keep kids interested events for kids workshopsÂ

Gabriella is the type of person who reads for the sake of fun and relaxation. Books excite her, she loves the smell and touch of a paper book. In a library, she seeks for quiet and cosy atmosphere and some time for herself. Reads mostly adventure stories, novellas and self-educational books.

Attends language courses and practices it by reading foreign books and articles. Is a bit of a nerd. Loves libraries for what they are. is good friends with all the librarians.

unpredictable needs looks for entertainment or self-development language learning library is a concept loves to explore

GABRIELLA MATTHEWS

THE FREE READER

RESEARCH

OVERVIEW This is the final part of my research where I summarize all of the data and draw some conclusions and ideas from it. I made a probe with action tasks but it was unsuccessful since the tasks were too confrontational (interacting with other people, especially strangers is not an easy thing to do). So it was my mistake, but I go enough data from the questionnaire and conducted rersearch so it is okay.

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Age range: 16 - 35 years Facilities used:Â Wi-fi - 14 mentions private rooms - 4 mentions book rental - 6 mentions tables or reading halls - 7 mentions

Also mentioned:Â wardrobe toilet scanners cosy chairs to relax in Almost every user of a library uses Wi-fi at some point. Not all libraries in Moscow have private rooms, but those that have are really popular among the youth.

What would people want to see in a library?

A desk with a screen with digital versions of books (?)

Book-finding software that is more intelligent than a search engine by titles and authors Search by topics Search by other people's comments Coffee shop/coffee machine / vending machine something for food Private spaces to work Digital versions of books Online base/catalogue for libraries

51

Space redesign? open space zoning better furniture no carpets

Book clubs Delivery of books from other libraries Several copies of one book for simultaneous access Some changes to the membership system too much bureaucracy inconvenient useless

Online VS library Most people look online for almost all general simple-to-find information In-depth research is the main goal of people going to libraries Most people use it as a workspace or a co-working since atmosphere and facilities allow it Online versions of books.

Why are they so hard to find?!

If a book like Twilight is illegally uploaded on the internet than its right owners won't lose much since anything that can go online for free access they've already sold for millions of dollars and now they are making money on merch/movies and other stuff. But if a rarely-searched-for book (like a rare expensive book about history, etc.) goes online then even one free download is a loss, so they prefer just not to put them online in any way. So, if people want to have access to digital versions of such books they should find a way to protect copyright. For example, by making contents of the digital version uncopyble and unscreenable. 53

Conclusion So, all of this basically leads not to a physical product but to a service or system (some kind of software). Something to make people interact with libraries and with each other - to build a community around and inside a libraries.

*** CHAPTER 2 'THE LIGHT AT THE END 0F THE TUNNEL' In which I start to see the outline of an idea for my social prototype, catch it and nurture it to be a fully grown flame.Â

3

What should the service include?

Catalogue-search-engine

Search by content, marked by previous readers and librarians; by tags and keywords from the books.

Events in libraries (calendar invitations to private events) Events in+libraries (calendar + invitations to private events)

Features from membership

like accses to several libraries, rental, Wi-fi and so on.

Book recommendations

from members of the community, weekly digest and so on.

Newsletter

with news from the community, upcoming events and workshops, new collections, libraries, etc..

55

Main feature - research tool This is basically a context giver. Not only you find a book you were looking for, but everything connected to it (like commentaries, essays on it, works that feature it as a reference and other reader's notes) - you can also create discussions of books., share books and recommend them. You also get a digital version of a book that's copyright protected but allows you to make automatic citations just by selecting the text you want to reference.Â

So, basically, I need to make a website accessible from both computers and phones Since I've never had an experience of creating a site before I decided to use one of the services that help you to do it.Â

So, I was choosing between Weebly, Squarespace and Wix as these are three services I'm most familiar with. Wix was way too complexly built, Weebly seemed too childish so I stopped on elegant and professional Squarespace.

Turn the page to see what I got after a week of reading tutorials, watching videos and learning elements of the site.

PROCESS

THIS IS THE FINAL VERSION OF MY PROTOTYPE

45

Thanks for your attention and remember - read more books!

SOCIAL PROTOTYPE LABBOOK

by Faina Iasen

BA (HONS) PD LVL 4