Issuu

3 Engelsk GRIP

ANNE LISE SVENDAHL KVAM | ELWIRA PAJAK | ANNELÉN T.A. STENBAKKEN

ARBEIDSBOK

English around the world

Textbook page 11

Exercise 1

Speaking multiple languages Translate the keywords › WRITE Write down the keywords in Norwegian and your first language in your notebook.

• multiple • wonder • constantly • differently Exercise 2

• naturally • drive someone crazy • code-switching

• insert • actually • common identity

• perfectly • harm • awesome

Fill in the missing words › WRITE Fill in your information in the sentences below. – My mother tongue is – I speak I have spoken (name of language) for (how long). I learnt (name of language) (place/time). I have spoken

Norwegian

for

four years. I learnt Norwegian at school.

– Language 1 I have spoken for I learnt at/in/when – Language 2 I have spoken for I learnt at/in/when – Language 3 I have spoken for I learnt at/in/when

1 English around the world • Speaking multiple languages

Exercise 3

Fill in the missing words › WRITE When and with whom do you use these languages? I speak

Norwegian

with

I speak

Norwegian

I use

Norwegian

my classmates.

school and at the shops.

when

I read newspapers and listen to the news on TV.

– Language 1 I speak with I speak at/in I use when I – Language 2 I speak with I speak at/in I use when I – Language 3 I speak with I speak at/in I use when I – Language 4 I speak with I speak at/in I use when I

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 4

Fill in the missing words › WRITE What can you do in the different languages? Check the box if you can do the task. I can … count to 10 greet people read signs and short notices introduce myself order a meal at a restaurant go to the grocery shop ask for directions have a short conversation on the telephone write an e-mail read a newspaper make small talk write a personal letter read a novel

Exercise 5

Language 1 Language 2 Language 3 Language 4

            

Answer the questions › WRITE Do you think it is an advantage or a disadvantage to speak multiple languages? Write the pros and cons in the table below. Pros +

Cons –

1 English around the world • Speaking multiple languages

Exercise 6

Answer the questions › WRITE 1 How many languages do you speak? 2 What is your mother tongue? 3 When did you start learning Norwegian? 4 How did you learn Norwegian? / Who taught you Norwegian?

Exercise 7

Make questions › WRITE Make questions for each response using question words. 1 I speak three languages. 2 My mother tongue is Portuguese. 3 I started learning Norwegian five years ago. 4 I learnt to speak Norwegian from my husband.

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 8 Discuss

› TALK Some people think that names are an important part of a culture and a language identity. 1 2 3 4

Do you agree or disagree? Does your name have a special meaning in your mother tongue? What kind of naming traditions are common in cultures you know well? Do you have a naming tradition in your family? If yes, please tell your partner about it. 5 Some immigrants change their names to get a job in Norway. Would you consider changing your name? Why or why not? 6 Go online and visit SSB.no (Statistisk sentralbyrå). Do some research. How many people in Norway have the same name as you? 7 Does the number surprise you? Why/why not?

Textbook page 14

Exercise 1

Neelaam Sarwar Anjum Translate the keywords › WRITE Write down the keywords in Norwegian and your first language in your notebook.

• mother tongue • siblings • switch

• mop the floor • heritage • appreciate

• converse • gesture • encounter

• empower • spellbound • fortunate

GRAMMAR NOTE

Verbs in the present simple 3rd person singular the present simple = verb in the infinitive + s Other the present simple = verb in the infinitive

EXAMPLES

I speak Norwegian. You speak Norwegian. He speaks Norwegian. She speaks Norwegian. It speaks Norwegian. We speak Norwegian. You speak Norwegian. They speak Norwegian.

1 English around the world • Neelaam Sarwar Anjum

Exercise 2

Fill in the missing words › WRITE Fill in the correct form of the verb in the present simple in the sentences below. Neelam

speaks

multiple languages. (to speak)

1 Hakim the floor. (to mop) 2 The tutor the children Arabic. (to teach) 3 Neelam and her family in Norway. (to live) 4 They in different languages. (to communicate) 5 We languages in our everyday life. (to mix) 6 Learning multiple languages a blessing. (to be)

Exercise 3

Read and repeat › LISTEN ›› READ ››› TALK Here is a list of eight words and phrases from Neelam Anjum’s text. 1 Check the pronunciation in an online dictionary. a a language b multilingual c similar d a mother tongue e a heritage f a tutor g an advantage h to explore 2 Compare your pronunciation with the dictionary and two other students.

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 4

Correct the sentences › WRITE Correct the grammar mistakes in the sentences below. Each sentence contains one mistake. 1 Neelam Anjum is an medical doctor. 2 She are multilingual and speaks several languages. 3 Neelam speaks two language with her children. 4 She listens to poems at Urdu. 5 Neelam’s children speaks mainly Norwegian. 6 Neelam’s children are also learn to speak Arabic. 7 Urdu is one of the worlds biggest languages. 8 Speaking Urdu helps Neelam gain trust of people at work.

1 English around the world • Neelaam Sarwar Anjum

GRAMMAR NOTE

Adverbs Many adverbs are made from adjectives. We can turn many adjectives into adverbs by adding the ending -ly.

EXAMPLES

safe + ly = safely sure + ly = surely nice + ly = nicely happy + ly = happily (adjectives that end in -y get -i before +ly) funny + ly = funnily

Exercise 5 Rewrite

› WRITE 1 Make adverbs from these adjectives. a fortune b natural c similar d proud e final f complete 2 Write sentences with the adverbs. a b c d e f

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 6

Write an argumentative text › WRITE Write a letter to the editor of your local newspaper in which you inform your community that you are starting a language group at the community centre. You want this to be a place where children with your mother tongue can practise the language. Write the letter in your notebook. In the text, you must include information about: 1 Which language the children will learn. 2 When and where the lessons will take place. 3 How the children will benefit from language education in a second language.

GRAMMAR NOTE

Collocation

Exercise 7

A collocation is two or more words that are often used together in a way that sounds correct to native speakers.

Search and write › WRITE 1 Use a dictionary to find the meaning of these collocations with the word advantage. a to take advantage of something (positive meaning) b to take advantage of something or someone (disapproving meaning) c to get an advantage d to have an unfair advantage 2 In your notebook, write a sentence with each of the collocations above.

1 English around the world • Neelaam Sarwar Anjum

Exercise 8 Crossword

› READ ›› WRITE Complete the crossword puzzle below. Compare in groups. 1 2 3

4 5

Across 3 A teacher who helps students outside of school (noun) 4 Something that gives you a greater chance at success (noun) 6 Speaks multiple languages (adjective) 7 A movement of part of the body (noun)

Textbook page 20

Exercise 1

Down 1 To talk with someone (verb) 2 Lucky (adjective) 5 Only, without anyone else (adverb) 6 To combine multiple things (verb)

Global village Translate the keywords › WRITE Write down the keywords in Norwegian and your first language in your notebook.

• have something in common • society • immigration • emigration 18

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

• mass immigration • boom • unskilled workers

• diversity • ancestor • inhabitant

Exercise 2

Match the words › READ Match the words to the correct description.

Exercise 3

1 society

a people have jobs

2 immigration

b moving to another country

3 emigration

c moving from a country

4 a custom

d people do not have jobs

5 colony

e a person who is visiting a place

6 unemployment

f a country that is controlled politically by another more powerful country

7 employment

g a way of behaving that has been common for a while

8 a visitor

h a large group of people that live together in a community

Listen and repeat › LISTEN ›› TALK Listen to the sentences and repeat them. The UK 1 The UK was a colonial power for centuries. 2 The UK is connected to all corners of the world through its history. 3 Mass immigration to The UK started after the Second World War. 4 The UK has inhabitants with different beliefs, customs and languages. The US 5 The US is a multicultural country. 6 The indigenous peoples of the US are called Native Americans. 7 Many people move to the US with the dream of a better life. 8 Most US citizens have ancestors from other countries. Australia 9 Australia is an English-speaking country. 10 People from Australia are often called Aussies. 11 The first inhabitants of Australia are called Native Australians. 12 Australia is a popular destination for many immigrants.

1 English around the world • Global village

Exercise 4

Read and answer › READ ›› WRITE Read the text and answer the questions below. Write your answers in your notebook.

British Baking Champion

In 2015, Nadiya Hussain won a baking contest on British television. She went from being an anonymous wife and mother of three to a national celebrity almost overnight. Nadiya is a first-generation Brit. Her parents came to Britain from Bangladesh. She has grown up in Britain, but also within Bangladeshi culture. Her own marriage was arranged. She married at the age of 19 and had only met her husband once before the wedding. She describes her wedding day as the worst day of her life. Yet, 14 years later, she and her husband renewed their vows out of love. They are now happily married. Nadiya’s husband is one of her biggest supporters. He was the one who first said that she should enter the baking contest. He felt that it was her time to shine. So, he brought home an application form for season 6 of the televised baking contest. Nadiya has struggled with anxiety attacks for over 20 years, and he felt that she needed an arena in which to showcase her skills. After some convincing, she decided to enter. She was picked to be a contestant and won the 2015 season. The rest is history. Now people recognize her on the street. At first, Nadiya wished to blend in. However, she soon realized that blending in was not an option. As a brown Muslim woman, she stands out in an industry that mainly consists of Caucasian men. She has realized that many people have an opinion about her, but that does not stop her. She has found her voice and wishes to object when people are unfair. She finds it ironic that people praise British celebrity chef Jamie Oliver when he makes Italian food. He is not Italian, but he loves the cuisine and likes to go on holiday to Italy. However, Nadiya is criticized on social media because she makes British food – and she was born and raised in Britain! She is fed up with the unfairness. Over the years in the spotlight, Nadiya has learned to accept that being a firstgeneration Brit in the celebrity chef industry is ground-breaking. She has learned to own her space, saying ‘I’ve learned that if I don’t create that space, who will? Someone has to do it’. She needed people on television to identify with growing up, and now she is that person for others. 1 2 3 4 5 6

How did Nadiya Hussain become a celebrity? Which country are her parents from? How long has Nadiya had anxiety attacks? Who suggested that Nadiya should enter a baking contest? Why can’t Nadiya blend in? Why does she get criticized on social media?

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 5 Rewrite

› WRITE Write the text again in your notebook, using capital letters and full stops. a multicultural society is often described by using different metaphors it is sometimes described as a melting pot the melting pot is a metaphor it describes a society where many different types of people and cultures melt together into one new culture another metaphor people sometimes use is the salad bowl metaphor in this metaphor, the people keep their culture, but together all the people make up a common multicultural identity

Exercise 6

Write a personal text › WRITE Write the text in your notebook.

These four friends have all grown up in Australia. Although they grew up in the same country, they have different cultural heritage. 1 Pretend to be one of these friends and write a presentation about yourself and your family. 2 Tell the story of your ancestors arriving in Australia.

1 English around the world • Global village

Exercise 7 Discuss

› TALK Discuss the following questions. 1 How do you describe your nationality? Explain why. 2 Which parts of your culture do you wish to keep? 3 Which parts of Norwegian culture do you wish to embrace? 4 When do you think an immigrant to Norway can describe himself/herself as a Norwegian?

Exercise 8

Search and write › READ ›› WRITE ››› TALK

Textbook page 28

Read ‘Global Village’ and choose one of the celebrities. Find out 10 facts about this person. 1 Make a mind map with the facts in your notebook.

Born in Hawaii, USA

Born in 1961

Barack Obama

Former US president

American and Kenyan descent

2 Talk to a classmate about the person you have researched.

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Textbook page 28

Exercise 1

How to be a Brit Translate the keywords › READ ›› WRITE Write down the keywords in Norwegian and your first language in your notebook.

• witty • humorous • irony • gratitude • flourish • uproarious • Heaven forbid! • I couldn’t agree with you more

• take the rough

with the smooth

Exercise 2

• dotto • exaggerate • mutter • make out • shortcomings • unilateral • intelligibility • mumble • nonchalance • commissionaire

• temperamental • I say • the Continent • zoological • unorthodox • wicked • subject • sultan • czar

Fill in the missing words › READ ›› WRITE

Textbook page 28

Read the passage ‘The weather’ in How to be a Brit. 1 find all the synonyms in the text for the following words: a gorgeous b dreadful 2 find all the antonyms in the text for the following words a to adore b gorgeous c dreadful

1 English around the world • How to be a Brit

Exercise 3

Fill in the missing words › WRITE Insert the correct question tag. 1 You are leaving her, you? 2 I am a mess, I? 3 It’s not working, it? 4 I’m not fired, I? 5 They were busy, they? 6 He wasn’t at the party, he? 7 He didn’t want to tell you, he? 8 She has five children, she? 9 You weren’t driving, you? 10 He picks up the kids from school, he?

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 4

Fill in the missing words › WRITE

Textbook page 33

Insert the correct subject in the question tags. 1 Hassan is bored, isn’t ? 2 Helen and Anne are coming, aren’t ? 3 You are not allowed to drive, are ? 4 Helen is your wife, isn’t ? 5 Ben and I aren’t intruding, are ? 6 Ben and Jerry did it all wrong, didn’t ? 7 You and Ben are friends, aren’t ? 8 I should go, shouldn’t ? 9 The parents can’t help us, can ? 10 Your wife couldn’t come, could ?

1 English around the world • How to be a Brit

GRAMMAR NOTES

Questions tags We use question tags, e.g., isn’t it?, is it?, when we expect the listener to agree with us.

EXAMPLES

When the statement is positive, we use a negative question tag:

It’s lovely, isn’t it?

When the statement is negative, we use a positive question tag:

It isn’t nice, is it?

The listener replies to the main statement. If the statement is positive, the reply is also positive:

It’s lovely, isn’t it? Yes, it is.

If the statement is negative, the reply is also negative:

It isn’t nice, is it? No, it isn’t. It’s lovely, isn’t it?

In question tags, we use the same auxiliary verb that forms questions in a given tense. Remember to repeat the subject at the end of the question tag:

She is beautiful, isn’t she? They are friendly, aren’t they?

Question tags & the present continuous Tense

Verb

Question tag

present continuous

aren’t

am not

isn’t

are

aren’t

EXAMPLES

I am dreaming, aren’t I? I am not dreaming, am I? You are listening, aren’t you? You aren’t listening, are you? He is working, isn’t he? He isn’t working, is he?

Question tags & the simple present

Tense

Verb

Question tag

EXAMPLES

simple present

aren’t

isn’t

I am mean, aren’t I? I’m not mean, am I?

are

aren’t

You are lazy, aren’t you? You’re not bored, are you?

go, make, get etc.

don’t

You understand, do you? You don’t understand, do you?

goes, makes, gets

doesn’t

She works as a manager, doesn’t she? She doesn’t work as a manager, does she?

can

can’t

You can help her, can’t you? You can’t help her, can you?

should

shouldn’t

They should be here any minute, shouldn’t they? They shouldn’t do it, should they?

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Question tags & the future simple Tense

Verb

Question tag

future simple

will

won’t

You will do it, won’t you? She won’t do it, will she?

EXAMPLES

Question tags & the simple past Tense

Verb

Question tag

EXAMPLES

simple past

was

wasn’t

It was terrible, wasn’t it? It wasn’t that bad, was it?

were

weren’t

They were here, weren’t they? They weren’t here, were they?

went, made, got etc.

didn’t

could

couldn’t

would

You could give us a call, couldn’t you? You couldn’t give us a call, could you?

Question tags & the past continuous Tense

Verb

Question tag

past continuous

was

wasn’t

were

weren’t

EXAMPLES

She was speeding, wasn’t she? She wasn’t driving, was she? They were lying, weren’t they? They weren’t lying, were they?

Question tags & the present perfect Tense

Verb

Question tag

present perfect

has

hasn’t

have

haven’t

EXAMPLES

He has broken the law, hasn’t he? He hasn’t broken the law, has he? They have lied to us, haven’t they? They haven’t lied to us, have they?

Question tags & the past perfect Tense

Verb

Question tag

past perfect

had

hadn’t

EXAMPLES

You had seen him before it happened, hadn’t you? You hadn’t seen him before it happened, had you?

1 English around the world • How to be a Brit

Exercise 5

Read and answer › READ

Textbook page 33

In pairs, read the passage ‘On not knowing English’ in How to be a Brit, in the simple past tense.

Exercise 6 Discuss

› READ ›› TALK Textbook page 28

In pairs, read the passage ‘The weather’ in How to be a Brit. Choose a picture and create a dialogue with your partner about what the weather is like today. Person 1: day, isn’t it? Person 2: Isn’t it ? Person 1: The sun/rain/snow/wind. I love/hate ! Person 2: Isn’t it ? Person 1: , isn’t it? Person 2: It’s so and . Person 1: I think it’s so when it’s , isn’t it? Person 2: Oh yes. I couldn’t agree with you more.

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 7 Translate

› READ ›› WRITE Textbook page 33

In pairs, read ‘On not knowing English’ in How to be a Brit. Then find all the verbs in simple past and change them into infinitives. Mark all the irregular verbs. Translate all the verbs into your mother tongue. Draw a table in your notebook. Example: Simple Past

Textbook page 38

Exercise 1

Infinitive

Your mother tongue

A beginner’s guide to acting English Translate the keywords › WRITE Write down the keywords in Norwegian and your first language in your notebook.

• flee • political asylum • collide • giggle • fake • stuffy • Iroonis • in assembly • town dunce

• dread • hiss • smashing • fish fingers • squeeze • mullet • paddling pool • icelollies • haggle

• Safeways • mutter • exile • amid • giggly • intricate plotlines • wetoneself • racialist • phone receiver

1 English around the world • A beginner’s guide to acting English

Exercise 3

Fill in the missing words › WRITE Fill in the correct nationality (adjective). She is from England. She is

English.

1 He is from Iran. He is . 2 I am from Norway. I am . 3 We are from Turkey. We are . 4 They are from Australia. They are . 5 You are from South Africa. You are . 6 She is from Ethiopia. She is . 7 We are from Somalia. We are . 8 He is from Mexico. He is . 9 They are from Thailand. They are . 10 I am from Lebanon. I am . 11 You are from Afghanistan. You are . 12 She is from China. She is .

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 2

Fill in the missing words › WRITE Fill in the blanks with ‘there was’ or ‘there were’: 1 nothing in the news about education today. 2 five people at the meeting. 3 many dishes on the menu. 4 an old man on the park bench. 5 pigeons everywhere. 6 two rolls left after breakfast. 7 a large window in the living room. 8 two bathrooms in their new flat.

Exercise 4

Match the words › READ ›› WRITE Match words and phrases that have the same meaning. 1 to giggle

a fake

2 to speak in a low voice

b to mutter

3 humorous

c to laugh

4 awful

d funny

5 artificial

e to smile

6 to grin

f horrible

1 English around the world • A beginner’s guide to acting English

Textbook page 47

Exercise 1

Language and identity Translate the keywords › WRITE Write down the keywords in Norwegian and your first language in your notebook.

• personality • identity Exercise 2

• accent • preserve

• linguistic variety

| new society and culture. 6 Rome | the Romans | , | do | do | When | as | in.

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 3

Write a personal text › WRITE Choose one of the following quotations. Write your opinion (around 500 words) about what it means. Write the quotation as a heading/title. In the conclusion, explain why you chose this quotation. Write the text in your notebook, using the framework below. 1 ‘The limits of my language mean the limits of my world’. – Ludwig Wittgenstein 2 ‘A different language is a different vision of life’. – Federico Fellini 3 ‘One language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way’. – Frank Smith 4 ‘If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart’. – Nelson Mandela Heading/Title: Quotation Main part: Your opinion In my opinion… I think (that)… I suppose … I strongly believe (that)… I am convinced (that)… Conclusion: Why did you choose this quotation? I chose this quotation because …

Exercise 4 Discuss

› TALK What does the saying ‘When in Rome, do as the Romans do’ mean? Do you have a similar saying in your mother tongue? If yes, try to translate it into English.

1 English around the world • Language and identity

Exercise 5

Search and write › WRITE Write a synonym for each of the following words. Use a dictionary if necessary. 1 various

2 unique

3 a foreigner

4 a stereotype 5 to ravage

6 to conquer

7 to contribute 8 to hate

9 to adore

10 to respect

11 to adapt

12 to translate

Exercise 6

Search and write › WRITE Write an antonym for each of the following words. Use a dictionary if necessary. 1 talkative

2 foreign

3 international 4 to respect

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 7

Write a short text › WRITE ›› TALK Make a mind map and write adjectives in your notebook about how you feel when you speak Norwegian, English and your mother tongue.

When I speak Norwegian, I feel …

When I speak English, I feel …

When I speak my mother tongue, I feel … Discuss 1 Why do you think there are differences? 2 Are there any similarities in how you feel when you speak these languages? Why?

Textbook page 49

Exercise 1

History of the English language Translate the keywords › WRITE Write down the keywords in Norwegian and your first language in your notebook.

• lingua franca • linguistic • global power • due to the fact that • invasion • influence

• conquest • tribe • ravage • CE • invade

• Germanic • origin • establish a settlement • upper class • trade

1 English around the world • History of the English language

GRAMMAR NOTES

Active and passive voice Active means that the subject (e.g., the Romans, we, Hassan, the man, the class, Norway, the car) is the agent and does an action in the sentence.

EXAMPLES

Passive means that the agent is secret – ‘hidden’ – and no one knows who he/ she is or was, or what he/she does or did.

‘Britain was invaded.’

In this sentence, we don’t know who invaded Britain. If we want to reveal the agent, we use by + agent.

‘Britain was invaded by the Romans.’

‘The Romans invaded Britain.’

Active and passive voice & present simple and simple past Present simple: is/are + participle & is not/are not + participle Simple past: was/were + participle & was not/were not + participle EXAMPLES

Verb tense

Active

Passive

Singular/plural

Present simple

We use English in class.

English is used in class.

‘English’ (one language) = singular

We use English and Norwegian in class. English and Norwegian are used in class. Simple past

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

‘English’ and ‘Norwegian’ (two languages) = plural

The class understood the question.

The question was understood by the class.

‘The question’ (one question) = singular

The class understood all the questions.

All the questions were understood by the class.

‘All the questions’ (many questions) = plural

Exercise 2

True or false? › READ ›› WRITE

Textbook page 49

Read ‘History of the English language’, then mark the correct answers and compare in pairs. True

False

2 The first conquest of Britain was carried out by the Vikings.

 

3 The name ‘Britain’ comes from the Romans and the name ‘England’ comes from the Vikings.



4 The Anglo-Saxons came from today’s Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands.



5 The Normans invaded Britain in the 11th century.



1 ‘Lingua franca’ means an international language.

Exercise 3

Match the words › READ Think and compare. Match the words with their definitions. 1 invade

a take control of a place or people using armed forces

2 influence

b enter another country with an armed force

3 conquest

c damage something badly

4 ravage

d make, build or set up

5 trade

e have an effect on someone/something

6 establish

f buy and sell goods

1 English around the world • History of the English language

Exercise 4

Exercise 5

Fill in the missing words › WRITE Insert the correct indefinite article – ‘a’ or ‘an’:

Exercise 6

1 invasion

4 conqueror

7 personality

2 identity

5 foreigner

8 encounter

3 difference

6 international meeting

Fill in the missing words › WRITE Insert the plural form of each noun. 1 a society

6 a diversity

2 a foreigner

7 a tribe

3 a personality

8 a Norseman

4 a stereotype

9 a Norman

5 a variation

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 7

Answer the questions › READ ›› WRITE What origin do the following words have? wife, husband, love, kiss, pedestrian, prison, law, exit, beef, bacon, sofa and alcohol Roman: Anglo-Saxon: Old Norse: Norman: Arabic:

Exercise 8

Answer the questions › READ ›› WRITE

Textbook page 49

Read the text ‘History of the English language’. What happened in Britain in the years below? Compare in groups. 1 In the year 43 AD, 2 In the year 122 AD, 3 In the year 410 AD, 4 In the year 793, 5 In the year 1066,

1 English around the world • History of the English language

Exercise 9

Answer the questions › WRITE What century is it? Compare in groups. 1 The year 43 AD 2 The year 122 AD 3 The year 410 AD 4 The year 793 5 The year 1066

Exercise 10 Correct

the sentences

› WRITE Correct the sentences and write them down in your notebook. 1 During the 5th and 6th centuries CE, Britain was invaded by Germanic tribes: the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians. 2 Britannia witnessed another invasion in the 11th century, this time from Normandy, which was a part of northern France. 3 The English language was not only influenced by invasions and political changes, but also by trade and social contacts. 4 The next invasion, which lasted from 793 to 1066 CE, was carried out by the Norsemen, who were later called Vikings. 5 The first conquest was carried out by the Romans in 43 CE.

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 11 Rewrite

› WRITE Change sentences from active voice to passive voice. Use the agent. Compare with a classmate. 1 The Vikings invaded England. England 2 The Romans introduced many laws. Many laws 3 The Romans introduced Latin in Britain. Latin 4 Greek influenced English. English 5 Germanic tribes also invaded Britain. Britain 6 The Norsemen carried out the next invasion. The next invasion 7 The Anglo-Saxons and the Vikings achieved peace in the 8th century. Peace 8 William, Duke of Normandy, crushed the Anglo-Saxon army. The Anglo-Saxon army 9 1.27 billion people speak English. English 10 Invasions, political changes, trade and social contacts influence a language. A language 11 The upper class used Latin and French in writing. Latin and French

1 English around the world • History of the English language

Exercise 12 Rewrite

› WRITE Think and compare. Make nouns of the following verbs: invade, influence, conquer, trade and establish. Look up the words in a dictionary if needed. Write the nouns in your notebook.

Exercise 13 Write

a short text

› WRITE Make a timeline of Britain’s conquests. Write it down in your notebook and compare with two other groups.

Exercise 14 Write

a factual text

› WRITE ›› TALK Make your own history. Who invaded Britain, and what changes did they make in the language and society? 1 Make a timeline in your notebook. 2 Present the timeline orally in groups. 3 Write the text using the framework below. Use the phrases firstly, secondly and thirdly to introduce new paragraphs in the main part. Heading/Title: Introduction (1st paragraph): A general sentence about the situation in Britain at that time and who invaded Britain. Main part: Who invaded Britain, and when and why did they do it? 2nd paragraph: Firstly, … 3rd paragraph: Secondly, … 4th paragraph: Thirdly, … Conclusion (5th paragraph): What changes did they make in politics and society?

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 15 Discuss

› WRITE ›› TALK Write the following words in Norwegian and your mother tongue. Think and discuss. 1 Do you see any similarity between English and Norwegian (and your mother tongue)? 2 Can you see any influences from other languages on your mother tongue? Give examples. English Norwegian My mother tongue sister them they their root to call sale law knife leg window alcohol sofa

GRAMMAR NOTE

Sentence starters I think … I agree with you. I have the same opinion. I don’t agree with you because …

I partly agree with you, but I think … You have a point there. That was a good point.

1 English around the world • History of the English language

Textbook page 52

Exercise 1

The English language on the map Translate the keywords › WRITE Write down the keywords in Norwegian and your first language in your notebook.

• global • continent • heritage • colonial Exercise 2

• era • dominance • homogenous • variation

• dialect • accent • globe • bilingual

• adapt • phenomenon • contribute • diversity

True or false? › READ ›› WRITE

Textbook page 52

True or false? Read the text ‘The English language on the map’. Mark the correct answers and compare in groups. True

False

1 India is by population the third largest English-speaking country.



2 Canada was not a British colony.



3 England is a bilingual country.



4 Pidgin English means academic English.



5 Butler and Babu English are examples of occupational dialects.



6 Kiwi English and Aussie English are examples of Pidgin English.



7 Uglish is English spoken in South Africa.



8 Kiwi English means the same as Aussie English.



9 Scouse is a dialect in Scotland and Geordie is a dialect in Georgia in the US.



10 Cockney is an English dialect used by the British Royal Family.



GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 3

Fill in the missing words › WRITE Insert the correct words in the text below: linguistic, a lingua franca, homogenous, bilingual, a heritage, accents, an accent, multilingual, a dialect and dialects. Compare in groups. A common language between speakers of different native languages is called . An example is English with its different and . is a regional or social variation of a language, whereas is the way people from a given country, region or social class pronounce words. A language is seldom . English is spoken in many different places in the world, which is of the British colonial era. So we can find people who speak two languages fluently and are called , or who speak more than two languages at different levels and are called . In one country, people can communicate in a few different languages. This shows a diversity in that country.

Exercise 4

Match the words › READ Match the words with their definitions. Compare in groups. 1 pronounce

a share information

2 dominate

b help to cause and help by doing or giving something

3 adapt

c make the sound of a word in a special way

4 contribute

d change something so that it is suitable in different conditions

5 communicate

e be the most important; have power and influence over something or somebody

1 English around the world • The English language on the map

GRAMMAR NOTE

Connectors Connectors: however, therefore and so however = but; introduces a contrast therefore = so; for that reason We use them • in the beginning of a sentence with a comma:

EXAMPLES

He lives in Norway. Therefore, he speaks Norwegian. They live in Norway. However, they don’t speak Norwegian.

• in the middle of a sentence after a semicolon:

He lives in Norway; therefore, he speaks Norwegian. They live in Norway; however, they don’t speak Norwegian.

After a semicolon, we start a sentence with a lowercase letter.

Exercise 5

Answer the questions › WRITE Write answers in complete sentences. Compare in groups. 1 What is the third largest English-speaking country in the world by population? 2 What are the official languages in New Zealand and Canada? 3 What is ‘child’ in Scottish, ‘night’ in Geordie, ‘father’ in South African English, ‘I don’t know’ in Nigerian English, ‘Where do you come from?’ in Ugandan English, ‘afternoon’ in Kiwi English and ‘great’ in Aussie English? 4 What does it mean that a person or a country is bilingual? Give two examples of bilingual countries. 5 Is English spoken in your country? Do you see any differences between Standard English and English used in your country? Give some examples.

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 6

Make questions › READ ›› WRITE

Textbook page 32

Read ‘The language’ in How to be a Brit and write down five questions about the text in your notebook. Then ask the questions in groups.

Exercise 7 Rewrite

› WRITE Make passive in the present tense. Compare in groups. 1 (speak) English by about 1.27 billion people around the world. 2 (use) English in various countries across the continents. 3 (speak/write) British English is and in the UK. 4 (speak) Glaswegian in Glasgow, Scotland. 5 (speak) Scouse, Mancunian and Brummi in England. 6 (characterize) Dialects by different pronunciation, accent and vocabulary that vary from city to city, and town to town. 7 (use) EU English by the country members of the European Union. 8 (speak) Babu English in some social circles in both North India, South India and Nepal. 9 (know) Butler English as Kitchen English.

1 English around the world • The English language on the map

Exercise 9

Fill in the missing words › WRITE Fill in the empty spaces using ‘however’ or ‘therefore’. Compare in groups. 1 Canada has two official languages: French and English. , we say that Canada is bilingual. 2 Canada is a close neighbour of the US. , it is obvious that the pronunciation is influenced by American English. 3 Canada is a close neighbour of the US. , Canadian spelling of the English language is more influenced by British English. 4 We talk about the English language. , the language itself is not homogeneous. 5 South Africa, Nigeria and New Zealand are former British colonies. , people living there can speak English. 6 He has lived in Norway for 15 years. , he cannot speak Norwegian. 7 People in Scotland speak English. , it can be difficult to understand them because of their dialect. 8 Cockney is slang in London. , not all Londoners can understand it. 9 You want to get to know a new culture. , it is important to learn the new language. 10 There are many differences between American and British English. , some Americans have difficulty understanding the British, and vice versa.

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 8

Make questions › READ ›› WRITE

Textbook page 49

Read ‘History of the English language’ and write down five questions about the text. Then ask the questions in groups. 1 Who ? 2 When ? 3 What ? 4 Why ? 5 How ?

Exercise 10 Rewrite

› WRITE Make nouns of the following verbs: pronounce, dominate, adapt, contribute and communicate. Use a dictionary if needed. Compare in groups.

Exercise 11 Write

a factual text

› WRITE Write a short text of about 300 words and answer the following questions. 1 Is English homogenous? Explain why or why not. 2 What languages do you speak in your country? Are the languages homogenous, or are there any variations? Give some examples. Remember to give your text a suitable title/heading.

1 English around the world • The English language on the map

Exercise 12 Write

a factual text

› TALK ›› WRITE Write a five-paragraph essay in your notebook. 1 In groups, discuss and write a five-paragraph essay about English as a global language. 2 First, write the paragraphs. Then, write the introduction and conclusion, using the framework below. Heading/Title: … Introduction 1st paragraph: Write two to three sentences about: 1 the topic of the text 2 what a global language is 3 what lingua franca means Main part: 2nd paragraph: Why has English become a global language? 1 Write about colonialism. 3rd paragraph: Write about variations of English. 1 What is a dialect? 2 Give examples, e.g., American English, British English etc. 3 What is Pidgin English? Explain and give examples. 4th paragraph: Where is English used today? 1 Give examples from different professions. 2 Write about English in technology, social media and science. 3 Write about English in politics and different organizations, like the EU and UN. 4 Write about the influence of the English language through culture (e.g., films and music). Conclusion: 5th paragraph: Sum up in two to three sentences. Compare your group’s conclusion with three other groups.

Exercise 13 Write

a factual text

› WRITE Write a short text of three paragraphs about differences in the English language. Make a mind map first.

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 14 Write

a factual text

› WRITE Write a short text of three paragraphs about differences and similarities between English and your mother tongue. Which languages is your language influenced by, and why? Give examples. Make a mind map first, and then write your text in your notebook.

Introduction

Conclusion English and my mother tongue: Similarities

English and my mother tongue: Differences

Main part

Exercise 15 Write

a factual text

› WRITE Write three paragraphs about how a language can influence your identity. Make a mind map first, and then write your text in your notebook.

Exercise 16 Discuss

› WRITE ›› TALK Make a mind map of the English language with its variations. Compare and discuss in groups.

1 English around the world • The English language on the map

Exercise 17 Crossword

› READ ›› WRITE Complete the crossword puzzle below. Compare in groups. 1

2 3

4 5

7 8 9

Across 5 The way people from different countries, regions or social classes pronounce words 7 A common language between speakers of different native languages 8 The whole world 10 Many different types of something

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Down 1 A country with two official languages or a person who speaks two languages fluently 2 Alike, the same 3 A geographic part of the world, e.g., Asia, Africa or Europe 4 Something of historical value in a given culture, e.g., language and traditions 6 Related to language 9 A geographically distinct variation of a language

Exercise 18 Crossword

› READ ›› WRITE Complete the crossword puzzle below. Compare in groups.

3 4 5

Across 1 English used in Australia or a person from Australia 4 A person from New Zealand or English used in New Zealand 5 English spoken in Uganda 7 Another name for Hindi English 8 Dialect in Birmingham, England 9 Dialect in Newcastle, England 10 Dialect in London

Down 2 Dialect in Liverpool, England 3 A language grammatically simplified with words from a local language 6 Dialect in Scotland

1 English around the world • The English language on the map

Textbook page 58

Exercise 1

Colonization Translate the keywords › WRITE Write down the keywords in Norwegian and your first language in your notebook.

• expansion • monarch • acquired = to get obtain • trade routes • increase Exercise 2

• explore • discover • founder • innovation

• growth • raw material • participate • auction

Find the words › READ Find the adjectives hidden among the letters.

D S

O S L

E G G A T J

F P

J V A L V

C M X R Q P X Q B A A

Q G O A R O I

R E P U S Q C L

D O S K B M N X S T G O Y L A C

I U

G O L O N H C E T R A

Y X V T B N L E M F H L V O B P F

S H X Q I

G S

T E S C M E S E

Y F C F

A Z R P

J W T

I U S X A B E E N I

L P

T B B F U F Y S X T N A U H C D E F P B D M B R T S Q E S O R E L

O U E Z Z

I O U S X U A X E W J

Z D G T R Z V E Y

H N N J D Z K A K W G J A E F Q E A H P U P

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

I H P A R

R D

Exercise 3

Match the phrases › READ Match the year with the correct historical event.

Exercise 4

1 Christopher Columbus arrived in America.

a 1492

2 The British colony of Jamestown was established.

b 1607

3 The Mayflower arrived at Plymouth Rock.

c 1620

4 The USA declared itself an independent state.

d 1776

5 The first British colony was established in Australia.

e 1788

6 European colonial powers competed over African colonies.

f 1881–1914

7 The British Empire covered a quarter of the globe.

g 1922

8 The Second World War took place.

h 1939–1945

Fill in the missing words › WRITE Fill in the correct form of the verb. Infinitive to become

simple past

past perfect

– became

–

– began

– begun

to bring

–

– brought

to build

–

– built

– came

– come

to feel

– felt

–

to grow

–

– grown

– knew

– known

to lead

– led

–

to mean

–

– meant

to set

– set

–

– spread

– spread 1 English around the world • Colonization

Exercise 5

Fill in the missing words › WRITE Write the correct name of the raw material below the picture.

Exercise 6

Fill in the KWL form › WRITE Write your answer in your notebook. K What I know about the British Empire

Exercise 7

W What I want to learn about the British Empire

L What I have learned about the British Empire

Listen and repeat › LISTEN ›› TALK Listen to the words in an online dictionary and repeat them. 1 colonization 2 empire 3 raw materials 4 triangular trade 5 manufactured goods 6 a perspective 7 an association

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 8

Read and answer › READ ›› WRITE 1 Read the text and underline the nouns. English as a global language is a result of the expansion of the British Empire. We call it the British Empire because Britain is the motherland, and Britain and its monarch rule over a group of countries. During a period of 400 years, Britain acquired colonies across all the continents. 2 Sort the nouns into the corresponding columns, indicating that they are singular or plural. Singular

Exercise 9

Plural

Make a presentation › TALK ›› WRITE The Commonwealth of Nations consists of 54 countries. Choose one of these countries and make a short oral presentation about this country. In your presentation, you should make a slideshow. Your presentation should include information about: 1 2 3 4 5 6

The name of the country The flag A map that shows the continent in which the country is situated When this country become a colony When this country became independent How you think the country’s colonial past has impacted the way the country is today (Hint: language, culture, education, economy and/or politics) 7 Why you think this country wishes to be part of the Commonwealth today

1 English around the world • Colonization

Exercise 10 Search

and write

› WRITE 1 Use the internet to find information about the Mayflower and the Pilgrim Fathers. Use the information you find to fill in the mind map below.

The Mayflower

Arrived in 1620

The Pilgrim Fathers

Plymouth Rock

2 In 1620, the Mayflower arrived in Plymouth Rock. The people onboard the ship had emigrated from Europe to start a new life in America. Write a short diary entry from a young person who crossed the Atlantic Ocean on the Mayflower. What do you think were his/her first thoughts about this new country? Write the answer in your notebook. Start your text with ‘Dear diary’.

Exercise 11 Search

and write

› WRITE 1 Use the internet to find more information about the association called the Commonwealth of Nations. Place the facts in the mind map below.

The Commonwealth

54 member countries

2 Write a short paragraph in your notebook about the Commonwealth based on the information you have gathered in your mind map.

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 12 Crossword

› READ ›› WRITE Complete the crossword puzzle below. Compare in groups.

Across 2 This is one of Africa’s most valuable raw materials. 4 The American continent was first discovered by … 5 The founders of the US are often called the … fathers. 6 India was called the … in the crown, and was the most valuable colony. 7 Today, many of the former colonies are connected through the … of Nations.

Down 1 The indigenous peoples of the US are called … Americans. 2 James Cook discovered …

1 English around the world • Colonization

Textbook page 64

Exercise 1

The fall of the British Empire Translate the keywords › WRITE Write down the keywords in Norwegian and your first language in your notebook.

• colony • population • nationalism Exercise 2

• superiority • devastating • independence

• self-governing • era • event

• previous • critical • government

Find the words › WRITE

Textbook page 64

1 Find synonyms for the words below in the text. a extremely big

b strong

c to complete

d to experience difficulty 2 Find antonyms for the words below in the text.

a earlier

b minor

c unimportant

d weaker

e old

f cheap

GRIP 3 Engelsk Arbeidsbok

Exercise 3

Read and repeat › LISTEN ›› TALK

Textbook page 64

Here is a list of eight words from ‘The fall of the British Empire’. 1 Listen to the pronunciation in an online dictionary. a vast b belief c culture d opportunity e knowledge f struggle g expensive h devastating 2 Compare your pronunciation with the dictionary and two other students.

Exercise 4

Write a short text › READ ›› WRITE

Textbook page 64

Read ‘The fall of the British Empire’. Write your answer in your notebook. 1 Make a list of keywords and phrases that are important to understand the text. 2 Find a classmate. Try to help each other retell what happened during the fall of the British Empire in your own words. 3 Write a short summary of what happened to the British Empire between 1920–1970.

Exercise 5 Discuss

› TALK In pairs, discuss the questions below. Use knowledge you have about the events of the Second World War to justify your answers. 1 Why did the Second World War change the way the colonial powers viewed colonization? 2 How did peoples’ view of nationality and culture change after the Second World War?

1 English around the world • The fall of the British Empire