Östersund 2018 - Resolution Booklet

RESOLUTION BOOKLET

6th northern regional session of EYP Sweden

Table of Contents Schedule

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Procedure of the General Assembly

3-4

Committee on Culture and Education

5–6

Committee Constitutional Affairs II

7–8

Committee on Human Rights

9 – 10

Committee on Constitutional Affairs I

11 – 12

Committee on Foreign Affairs

13 – 14

Schedule Breakfast

07.00 – 08.00

Clean up rooms

08.00 – 08.30

Committee on Culture and Education

08.30 – 09.20

Committee on Constitutional Affairs II

09.20 – 10.10

Coffee Break

10.10 – 11.25

Committee on Human Rights

10.30 – 11.20

Committee on Constitutional Affairs I

11.20 – 12.10

Lunch

12.30 – 13.30

Committee on Foreign Affairs

13.40 – 14.30

Break

14.30 – 14.40

Closing Ceremony

14.40 – 15.30

Clean-up & Departures

15.30 – 16.00

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Procedure of the General Assembly Presentation of the Motion for a Resolution The board reads out the topic of the Motion for a Resolution.

Reading of the Operative Clauses One member of the proposing committee is invited by the board to read the Operative Clauses of their Motion for a Resolution from the podium.

Defence Speech (3 minutes) One member of the proposing committee presents a speech making the case to vote in favour of the Motion for a Resolution from the podium.

2 Attack Speeches (90 seconds each) Two members of two other committees presents a speech fundamentally disagreeing with the direction of the Motion for a Resolution.

Answer to the Attack Speeches (90 seconds) A member of the proposing committee responds to the points raised in the Attack Speeches from the floor.

Open Debate (3 rounds) After the response, the floor will be opened for three rounds of open debate. Each round will consist of points from other committees, followed by a response from the proposing committee. All rounds of Open Debate are answered from the floor, except for the last response.

Response to the final round of Open Debate & Summation Speech (3 minutes) Two delegates from the proposing committee will be invited to respond to the last round of debate and deliver a Summation Speech from the podium, making their final case for voting in favour of the Motion for a Resolution from the stage.

Voting on the Resolution & Announcement of the votes.

The resolution will then be voted upon, and each delegate has the right to vote in favour or against the resolution or abstain from voting. The results of the votes will then be announced.

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Placards Committee Placard – This placard is raised during the General Assembly if any member of the committee wishes to be recognised by the session board in order to speak.

Point of Personal Privilege – Request for a delegate to repeat a point that was inaudible.

Point of Order – A delegate feels that the session board has not properly followed the General Assembly procedure. The placard is used together with the committee placard by chairpersons after a request from a delegate.

Direct Response – May be used by each committee twice per debate. When the Direct Response together with the committee placard is raised, the session board will recognise the committee immediately. The Direct Response sign is used to contribute to the point made directly beforehand.

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MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON CULTURE AND EDUCATION Lost in translation: With 50,000 Sami people estimated to live in Sweden, how should the EU proceed in the protection of not only the languages but also the culture of the Sami?

Submitted by:

Gabriella Elffors Hjalmarsson (Staffangymnasiet), Kalle Drugge Ledman (Minervagymnasium), Ebba Svelander (Klara Teoretiska Gymnasium), Klara Tejbo (Skvaderns gymnasieskola), Alice Åström Wiklund (Wildcard), Vineck Kumar Posaria (Chairperson, SE)

The European Youth Parliament, A. Affirming its appreciation for the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention 1989 by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office (ILO 169),1 B. Deeply regretting that only Norway out of the Sami countries2 has signed the ILO 169, leading to the Sami of the non-signatory countries being greatly deprived of the rights guaranteed in the ILO 169, C. Alarmed by the lack of awareness of Sami culture and the historical colonisation of the Sapmi region3 in the educational curricula of the relevant Member States, D. Deeply concerned by the abnormally high occurrence of mental health issues among the Sami brought on by discrimination and racism,4 E. Recognising the risk of extinction of the Sami languages with three out of 14 Sami languages being extinct already, and three critically endangered,5

Governing Body of the International Labour Office (1989): C169 - Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (No. 169). It is the major binding international convention concerning indigenous peoples giving them to the right to exercise control over their own institutions, ways of life and economic development and to maintain and develop their identities, languages and religions. (https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C169) 2 The Sami countries are Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Russia.

3 Sapmi is the cultural region traditionally inhabited by the Sami people. (http://www.samer.se/1002) 4 E.g. 1 in 3 young reindeer herders have considered suicide. Sami parliament (2018): Kunskapsöversikt om samers psykosociala ohälsa (Mental health issues among the Sami people) (https://www.sametinget.se/psykosocial_ohalsa) 5 Omniglot.com (Access: December 2018): Sami Languages. (https://www.omniglot.com/writing/saami.htm) 1

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F. Further noting the lack of sufficient funding by the governments of the relevant Member States towards the education of Sami children, leading to a lack of teachers trained in Sami language and culture, G. Deeply concerned by the lack of opportunities to use Sami in an official context in the public sector, H. Noting with regret the underrepresentation of Sami arts and culture in mainstream media;

1. Strongly encourages Sweden and Finland to sign the ILO 169 convention; 2. Encourages the concerned Member States to expand their history curricula to include and represent Sami history and culture; 3. Calls upon the European Commission to fund Sami educational institutions such as Nuoras Nuorri and Samiske Veivisere;6 4. Requests the European Commission to expand its education programmes, such as Erasmus+, to make Sami schools more attractive; 5. Expresses its appreciation to the Council of Europe for the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages; 6. Supports existing educational programmes of the European Commission, such as School Education Gateway,7 training teachers to improve their teaching of Sami history; 7. Appreciates the national governments of Sweden and Finland for their already existing National Minorities and Minority Language legislations and encourages them to develop and apply them further; 8. Encourages Sweden and Finland to promote their respective Sami national days by running media campaigns consisting of posters and commercials; 9. Calls upon the European Commission to preserve and help develop Sami arts and culture through its Creative Europe programme.

6 Nuoras Nuorri and Samiske Veivisere are youth organisations that focus on Sami education and raising cultural awareness among young people through exhibitions, lectures, and media campaigns. The organisations also foster exchange between Sami and non-Sami youths.

7 The School Education Gateway is an online platform for school education in Europe. It offers educational materials in the form of, tutorials with practical ideas and inspiration for teachers and schools, and versatile teaching materials created by the EU institutions and EU-funded projects. (https://ec.europa.eu/info/education/teaching-methods-andmaterials/available-educational-materials_en)

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MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS II Rise Against: With the European Commission’s decision to trigger Article 7 against Poland and far-right, extremist parties gaining increasing momentum in the national politics of Member States, how should the EU further proceed in regards to preventing the implementation of xenophobic internal policies in its Union and safeguarding its democratic values?

Submitted by:

Lovisa Högman (Högbergsskolan), Tove Nyström (Minervagymnasium), David Svensson (Staffangymnasiet), Matei-Alexandru Sava (Chairperson, RO), Mariliana Papanikolaou (Chairperson, GR)

The European Youth Parliament, A. Alarmed by far-right and nationalist parties rising to power in Member States, B. Concerned by the lack of appropriate European solutions to the undemocratic measures taken

by Member States’ governments, undermining citizens’ trust in the institutions of the EU, C. Taking into consideration the massive support illiberal democracies governing parties and leaders have attracted among their nationals,1 D. Fully aware of the limitations of measures against law violations by Member States (e.g. limitations of the Article 7 of the Treaty of the European Union2), E. Noting with concern that the implementation of Article 7 TEU might be hindered by potential political alliances;

1. Encourages independent, international media outlets to act as a counterbalancing mechanism to censored national broadcasters;

Poland’s ruling party won the 2015 parliamentary elections with 37.6% of the votes, while the Hungarian Prime Minister, Viktor Orbán, won with 48.53% majority.

2 Article 7 is a procedure that imposes sanctions and may lead to the removal of voting rights of EU Member States.

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2. Emphasises the importance of civic organisations and Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs), such as the Committee for the Defence of Democracy,3 initiating public discussion and encouraging civil engagement; 3. Urges Member States to introduce mechanisms to increase voting participation in order to achieve election results more reflective of public opinion; 4. Recommends the European Commission to evaluate already-existing mechanisms against non-compliance to EU law including, but not limited to, the Article 7 TEU; 5. Invites Member States to engage in a constructive dialogue so as to create a collaborative plan of action to address the violations of the EU law by the Member States’ governments.

The Committee for the Defence of Democracy (KOD) is a non-governmental organization advocating for democracy, freedom, and EU values.

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MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON HUMAN RIGHTS Pride and Prejudice: Whilst awareness of LGBTI+ rights is on the rise across the EU, what further steps can the EU take to ensure the safety, quality of life, and protection of citizens’ rights regardless of their gender identity or sexual orientation?

Submitted by:

Teo Branzell (Högbergsskolan), Thuraya Brennan (Wildcard), Frida Lindgren (Klara Teoretiska Gymnasium), Maximilian Näsholm (Skvaderns gymnasieskola), Rakel Fessé Wiklund (Minervagymnasium), Ida Eerola (Chairperson, FI)

The European Youth Parliament, A. Realising that only 15 out of 28 Member States allow same-sex marriage,1 B. Alarmed by both physical violence and verbal abuse that LGBTI+ people face in the EU, C. Recognising the lack of attention for LGBTI+ people in school curricula, D. Acknowledging that members of the LGBTI+ community often suffer from mental health issues, E. Noting with regret that same-sex couples face significant difficulties in their efforts to adopt children, F. Alarmed by the heteronormative2 structure at workplaces that forces members of the LGBTI+ community to hide their identity out of fear for discrimination, G. Deeply alarmed by the lack of legal recognition of transgender, intersex, and non-binary people, H. Noting with concern that non-consensual gender reassignment surgery for intersex children is occurring in some Member States, I.

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Concerned that transgender sterilisation is a requirement for a legal gender change recognition in some Member States;

European Union (2018): Marriage Heteronormative relates to a world view that promotes heterosexuality as the normal or preferred sexual orientation.

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1. Calls upon the European Commission to launch an interactive social media campaign to promote same-sex marriage in the Member States where it is not legal; 2. Invites Member States to create a training and educational programme for law enforcement personnel regarding issues of violence related to the LGBTI+ community; 3. Suggests Member States to promote awareness of the LGBTI+ community in preschool and kindergarten curricula; 4. Asks the European Commission to create an educational programme specialising in issues of mental health of LGBTI+ patients for medical personnel in the EU; 5. Recommends Member States to amend laws in such a way as to no longer consider gender of parents a selection criterion; 6. Requests European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights3 to survey LGBTI+ citizens to evaluate the current workplace in relation to anti-discrimination laws in the EU; 7. Hopes that Member States will consider the creation of an alternative gender option in legal documents; 8. Encourages Member States to ban gender reassignment surgeries for intersex infants; 9. Instructs Member States to outlaw forced sterilisations as a requirement for sex reassignment surgery of transgender people, following the statement of the European Court of Human Rights.4

European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights helps to ensure that the fundamental rights of EU citizens are protected.

4 European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) is an international court established by the European Convention on Human Rights to protect human rights in Europe. In April 2017 ECtHR stated that requiring sterilisation in legal gender recognition violates human rights.

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MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS I I hope someday you will join us: Taking into account the dangers associated with a population that feels estranged from the political system they live in, what stance should the EU adopt regarding e-participation and e-voting?

Submitted by:

Klara Angberg (Högbergsskolan), Jonatan Fernquist (Staffangymnasiet), Sofie Hellgren (Skvaderns gymnasieskola), Ahmad Mido Kalash (Wildcard), Ali Raza Ahmedi (Fjällgymnasiet), Stella Levin (Chairperson, SE), Katarina Normark (Chairperson, SE)

The European Youth Parliament, A. Taking into consideration factors such as political apathy and political estrangement prohibiting efficient democracy in Member States and EU elections, B. Recognising the time as well as the human and financial resources required by the Member States and its citizens to adapt to a new system containing e-government technologies,1 C. Acknowledging that, should Member States decide to implement e-government measures, security precautions of all implemented e-government measures must adhere to Art. 9 of the General Data Protection Regulation,2 D. Noting with concern the financial strain that a new election system places on Member States of lower economic status, E. Deeply regretting the discrepancies across Member States’ regarding internet access and advances in technology necessary for the implementation of e-government measures, F. Aware of the generational gap in regard to approaches, understanding, and use of technology;

E-participation and e-voting, along with the umbrella term e-government, means that a government uses the internet not only to inform its citizens but to give them a chance to express their opinions and have an impact on debates, votes, and political decision making virtually. European Parliament (2018): Online democracy - how governments are going digital.

2 “Processing of personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, or trade union membership, genetic data, biometric data, natural person, data concerning health or data concerning a natural person’s sex life or sexual orientation shall be prohibited.” General Data Protection Regulation (2018) Art. 9 GDPR – Processing of Special Categories of Personal Data.

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1. Proposes the Member States to trial e-voting in parallel to the current paper ballot system for European parliamentary elections for a duration of two election periods, in order to evaluate: a)

potential changes in voter turnout,

b)

any potential security threats,

c)

the general reception of the system by EU citizens;

2. Calls upon the European Commission to create an executive agency by the name of European Electronic Government Agency (EEGA) for the establishment of e-government in the EU with the following responsibilities: a) the creation of a two-point secure identification system, similar to the one in Estonia,3 b)

the safety of voter personal data within e-government online mechanisms,

c)

general cybersecurity in the EU;

3. Suggests the EEGA to assess the economic capability of Member States that are considering implementing e-government technologies; 4. Encourages the European Commission to, in accordance with the findings of the EEGA assessments, provide financial support to Member States of lower economic capability for the purpose of implementing the necessary technology for e-voting; 5. Calls upon the European Commission to introduce a day dedicated to the promotion of egovernment and its benefits with the name of “E-Government Day”; 6. Requests the European Union Newsroom4 to create more information regarding EU politics on social media; 7. Encourages the creation of a mobile application by the EEGA specifically regarding egovernment with information, different fora, and interactive platforms, similar to “Have Your Say in Europe”.5

Leetaru, Kalev (2017): How Estonia's E-Voting System Could Be the Future The EU Newsroom is the official news website of the institutions of the European Union. It provides online access to the latest official press material released by all EU institutions, as well as practical information for journalists.

5 EU Law and Publications (2018): Have Your Say on Europe.

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MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS Breaking the ice: Keeping in mind the fragile ecosystem of the region and potential national economic and political interests, what policy should the EU adopt regarding the economic activity in the Arctic?

Submitted by:

Kalle Granlöf (Högbergsskolan), Byaz Hesso (Skvaderns gymnasieskola), Abdulkarim Husin Johar (Fjällgymnasiet), Alexander Lindén Olsson (Staffangymnasiet), Matilda Eleonora Sten (Minervagymnasium), Felicia Sjöström (Klara Teoretiska Gymnasium), Anna Tauber (Chairperson, AT)

The European Youth Parliament, A. Noting with concern the underrepresentation of the interests of the EU in the Arctic Council (AC), B. Concerned by the power imbalance and lack of unity among the Arctic nations, C. Alarmed by the harmful impact of resource extraction on the Arctic environment and ecosystems, D. Conscious of the various negative consequences of resource exploitation of non-renewable raw materials and energy sources, E. Deeply concerned about the damage inflicted upon the living space of the Arctic's native minorities by climate change and exploitation of natural resources, F. Keeping in mind the complexity inherent to fair distribution of the Arctic’s resources, G. Emphasising the need for enhanced communication in order to avoid further conflicts concerning the Arctic region, H. Concerned about the consequences of the albedo effect,1 which include rising sea levels, an even warmer climate, and an increasing amount of natural disasters,2

The albedo effect describes the ability of surfaces to reflect sunlight. Light-coloured surfaces return a large part of the sunrays back to the atmosphere, while dark surfaces absorb the rays and heat from the sun. (http://www.npolar.no/en/facts/albedo-effect.html) 2 In the most recent IPCC report, the inevitable consequences of climate change were defined. (https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/session48/pr_181008_P48_spm_en.pdf) 1

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I.

Realising the focus of actors on economic and national interests rather than environmental aspects and sustainability;

1. Urges the AC to grant observer status3 to the EU in order to ensure the representation of its interests; 2. Strongly urges the Member States of the AC to expand the competences of the institution; 3. Further requests the Members of the AC to impose extraction limits and implement repercussions if those are exceeded; 4. Invites the AC to further involve Arctic native people by providing them with a joint say concerning proposed actions within the Arctic region; 5. Encourages increased communication between Members of the AC before actions are taken in order to ensure a consistent course of action, ideally to be supported by international institutions such as the UN; 6. Proposes to the AC to invest in research concerning renewable energy utilising the profit raised from resource extraction; 7. Recommends to establish information events in order to raise awareness about climate change and its consequences including the albedo effect.

Observer status allows non-members to participate in sessions, workings, and missions of an international organisation, for example the United Nations Organisation (http://ask.un.org/faq/14519).

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