Design Guide for a New Workplace Experience

DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE Ewing Cole’s Approach to Workplace Reentry During and After COVID-19 DECEMBER 2020

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DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

TABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE......................1 IDEAS FOR A SAFE WORKPLACE..........................................................................................2 DESIGN ASSESSMENT TOOL...................................................................................................3 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................... 4

ABOUT DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE 1

DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE EwingCole created this Design Guide for a New Workplace Experience to help organizations bring people back to the office during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. We believe the future of good workplace design is about establishing confidence in the health and safety of the office environment, enhancing the value of face-to-face collaboration, and rejuvenating an organization’s workplace culture.

Design Guide for a New Workplace Experience illustrates how to accomplish these goals by envisioning a prototypical workplace. We show how to welcome people safely back to the office, accommodate everyone’s work styles, and readily adapt to continuing changes in how people work together. We share best practices in selecting hygienic materials, furniture, and furnishings and review how lighting and HVAC systems can disinfect surfaces and optimize air quality.

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DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

With expertise in the design of both workplaces and healthcare facilities, EwingCole brings unique insights to the design of the post-Covid workplace. Design Guide for a New Workplace Experience is the product of collaboration among our architects, interior designers, HVAC engineers, lighting engineers and healthcare design researchers.

Design Guide for a New Workplace Experience recognizes that every organization has special circumstances. If you need advice about how to address your specific issues, please contact Jill Wheeler, Regional Director Of Interior Design, at jwheeler@ewingcole.com.

IDEAS FOR A SAFE WORKPLACE 2

DESIGN PRINCIPLES Seven design principles guided our thinking as we envisioned a safe and appropriate workplace for all workers returning to the office during the pandemic.

These principles also inform future design decisions as the workplace evolves to keep up with new COVID-19 developments.

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DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

PROMOTE PERSONAL HYGIENE The provision of hand-washing devices or hand sanitizers at entry and exit points enhances hand hygiene.

Automated dispensers and faucets are recommended to reduce points of contact [1].

ENCOURAGE PHYSICAL AWARENESS Encourage physical distancing of six feet or more by reducing and strategically spacing apart all furniture.

Neighborhoods in open plans contribute to creating compartments within the space for controlling airflow and social distancing [2] [3]. Dividers in communal areas can function as guides and physical barriers.

CLEAR SIGNAGE AND WAYFINDING TOOLS Include visible and distinct signage as markings on floor or floor standing screens [4] [2] to define one-way circulation patterns that avoid cross-infection. Infographics, posts, and signage warnings can contribute as visual reminders for hand hygiene and minimum distances to be kept.

FLEXIBILITY OF WORKSPACE Flexible features correspond to the need for personal control [5] [6] as organizations face rapid changes, challenges, and opportunities. Mobile furniture, white boards, and soft architecture can improve workplace flexibility by creating optional private or collaborative spaces.

ROBUST TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT Workplaces need to build upon digital amenities and information building systems that support successful online meetings, room scheduling, front-door health screening, occupation sensors, and the contact-tracing of employees [5]. Advanced air filtration, UV disinfectant lighting systems, touch-less hygienic systems, and smart lighting can also improve safety and user experience [2].

CLEANABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF FURNITURE, FINISHES AND EQUIPMENT Integrating self-cleaning surfaces in high-touch surfaces with antimicrobial material, such as copper or brass, helps with the physical safety of the workplace. Designing flush surfaces with less textured finishes, as well as minimizing the application of joints, can simplify cleaning processes [7].

HEALTH AND WELLNESS OPPORTUNITIES Access to natural materials, plants, daylight, natural aroma, fitness activity options, and healthy food programs enhances employee’s physical and mental well-being [2] [7]. High quality air purifiers, sterilization systems, and natural ventilation opportunities help with improved air quality and safety.

WORKSTYLES Everyone has a different workstyle that informs how we design for their return to the office during and after the pandemic. A thorough analysis of the individual workstyles specific to each workplace needs to be conducted to accommodate everyone appropriately, but these four typologies are a good starting point.

The Camper and Explorer are common workstyle typologies widely studied in recent years. The Nester and Wanderer bring new challenges that require more innovative thinking to address their workplace needs successfully. Monthly check-ins and clear communication with everyone will help identify their needs, improve their work conditions, and make them feel engaged.

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DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

THE CAMPERS Prefer to work from a single setting like an assigned workstation or private office. They value good acoustics as noise disturbs their concentration and the quality of phone conversations. Personal storage close to them is important. They use communal spaces like pantries and open collaboration areas sporadically.

KEYWORDS: INDIVIDUAL, STATIC, ACOUSTICS, PERSONAL STORAGE

THE EXPLORERS Perform fewer of their daily activities from a single work setting and prefer to use different locations within the office, like lounges or furniture pods. They have higher concentration levels and value amenities and spaces for spontaneous collaboration and socializing.

KEYWORDS: COLLABORATIVE, FLEXIBLE, SOCIAL, SPONTANEOUS, AMENITIES

THE NESTERS Recent converts to working from home (by choice or not), strive to be efficient in their home environments and maintain a healthy work-life balance. They try to make their WFH settings comfortable, retaining some of the features found at their workplace like task chairs, and a desk or work surface set aside for concentrated work during work hours. Some of them can thrive outside the structure of a traditional office, but others struggle to focus and wish there was more continuity in how they perform their tasks between both environments.

KEYWORDS: HOME, WORK-LIFE BALANCE, FOCUS, EFFICIENCY, CONTINUITY

THE WANDERERS Completely flexible, usually by choice, the Wanderers enjoy variety in their work “routines�. They feel equally comfortable working from home, a coffee shop, or the office, but when they use the latter, they prefer to come in for specific tasks that usually require a desk for the day and a locker for personal belongings. They need some structure to remain engaged with their assignments and with co-workers.

KEYWORDS: FLEXIBLE, HOTELING, LOCKERS, ENGAGEMENT

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DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

RETURNING TO THE (NEW?) OFFICE Returning to the office after what many consider to be a oncein-a-lifetime pandemic can be a highly stressful experience, but also an exciting time to reconnect with coworkers, reimagine our work routines, and engage with our interior surroundings in more thoughtful ways.

New workplace experiences need to be future-proofed while preserving aspects and workplace design lessons learned through years of valuable collaboration.

The value of improved aesthetics, opportunities for health and wellness, and the empowerment of an agile workforce that continuously becomes less tethered to their workstations, among others, are here to stay.

HOTELING

FULL-TIME EMPLOY FLEX SPACE

CAFE AND AMENITIES SUPPORT

ENTRY AND RECEPTION

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DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

YEES +

ZONING AND FLEXIBILITY As a planning concept, a new workplace environment should ideally have separate entrances: one for visitors, guests and in-and-out employees (the Wanderers), and another for full-time employees that usually are anchored to their workstations or private offices (the Campers) [8].

This will help reduce the density of people at elevator lobbies during the morning or lunchtime rush and essentially split the office into two separate zones: priority access to amenities and spaces of collaboration versus individual work and strongly enforced social distancing rules.

Early on, as some employees return slowly to their workplace, perhaps in shifts, having the opportunity to “detach� or restrict movement at hot-spots of the office can be a protective measure for the users who still prefer to come to the office instead of working remotely [9].

WELCOME EXPERIENCE Entrances provide opportunities to represent company values to staff and visitors, as they can project the first impression of safety and preparedness. Potential health screening devices at entry points are essential for controlling and monitoring workplace access.

Entrance spaces can enhance safety and security by including automatic doors with motion sensors, touchless elevator controls, and body temperature scanners.

If retro fitting, high-touch controls and surfaces could be covered with antimicrobial films, or decals that give visual reminders of where to touch or not. Digital apps that facilitate check-in for guests and visitors also can ensure employees are informed about last minute policy changes or announcements.

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DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

DIGITAL SIGNAGE Constantly changing regulations and policies call for flexible digital displays and signage that can be quickly updated and will support push-based distribution and context-specific content [10]. These can, at a glance, communicate vital safety information to the employees at entrances and other important nodes of circulation.

BODY TEMPERATURE SCANNER Portable and free-standing thermal body temperature scanning kiosks can be installed at entrance points. Products like the CAPTIVE | SCAN contain a no-touch display, detect face masks, and double as hand sanitizer dispensers. It is important to provide proper lighting around these devices to accurately analyze a person’s face if the lighting is not integral to the device itself. Additional lighting requirements should be coordinated with the device manufacturer [11].

FLOOR MARKINGS Thoughtfully integrate social distancing signs and floor decals within the spatial sequence followed by most users throughout their day. These act as visual cues for maintaining recommended physical distancing can be designed as opportunities to add color and branding [8].

CLEAR FLOOR MARKINGS at elevator lobbies, inside elevator cabs and near the entrance of escalators or stairs will need to be installed in order to reinforce social distancing [8].

A RE-CONFIGURABLE SPACE: the space will have minimal furnishings for fewer people to discourage high interaction with shared surfaces in highly trafficked areas. Sneeze guards at the reception desk will be re-configurable, built-in, and harmonious with the design intent. Floor markings and a steady supply of PPE will also be needed [12].

A POST-PANDEMIC ENVIRONMENT: the space will accommodate more people thanks to the addition of furniture. Sneeze guards could be removed or parked to the side of the reception desk, and floor markings removed if desired.

SOMETHING TO LOOK FORWARD TO: the reception area could ultimately transform into an open space for social gatherings and celebrations.

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DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

VISIBLE PLACEMENT OF HAND WASHING SINKS, HAND SANITIZERS, OR OTHER HYGIENE PRODUCTS is the new expectation for future reception areas. Celebrating hand washing through an attractive design will make it far less intimidating and can give visitors more confidence in their surroundings. Providing a comprehensive and straightforward hand hygiene program can also significantly reduce the incidence of health care claims and increase employee workplace satisfaction [13].

RECEPTION Reception spaces can provide a welcoming and warm atmosphere for visitors. In future workplace environments, they should include elements that support social distancing, touch-less technologies, and furniture and materials that enhance safety and facilitate cleanability.

Receptions should include well-designed partitions and barriers at the reception desk to enforce social distancing and control airtransmitted particles [14]. Complimentary snacks or drinks should be individually packaged and bottled. Furniture needs to be easily cleanable and disinfected, with finish and fabric choices (like silicones and polyurethanes) that are durable and high performing, like those found in healthcare environments [15].

RECEPTION

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES ENTRANCE VISITORS AND PART-TIME EMPLOYEES ENTRANCE

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Contactless temperature screening devices at every enclosed meeting space or private office could also double as room scheduling solutions [16] or digital displays.

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Clear directional signage can be installed to reinforce suggested circulation paths at shared and highly trafficked spaces like toilet rooms [10].

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Interactive signage at corridors allows for changing visual cues that support the proposed circulation flows for a specific day and/or period of time.

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Accent carpet colors can highlight areas that may be off-limits during a crisis, like open collaboration zones. Patterns of sixfoot circles could also be integrated.

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Neutral tones can be used in main circulation areas and enclosed rooms.

Solution-dyed carpet tile is recommended for improved durability and cleanability.

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Another accent color on the flooring could define zones where single workstations are laid out and physical distancing is heavily advised.

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Sealed concrete or epoxy floors, and/or large format porcelain tiles can be used as public areas’ flooring to differentiate them from other spaces in the office without sacrificing performance or aesthetics.

CIRCULATION AND WAYFINDING Managing the circulation flows and overall wayfinding strategy will be an important piece for the future workplace. User circulation needs to be modified, as much as possible, to reduce dead ends and to prevent employees from passing by each other to avoid cross-infection. Similar to what happens in healthcare environments, it will be essential to design efficient navigating routes that easily direct users from point A to B. Newly built corridors should provide adequate width, and elevators need to provide sufficient spacing to support social distancing and unidirectional flow.

New workplaces can increase the number of staircases and recommend their use between floors to limit cross-contamination.

CAFE/LUNCH ROOM Spaces for sharing healthy food develop social and communal properties of the organization.

Prominently displayed and accessible shelves can be set aside for the delivery of personalized healthy meals that satisfy individual dietary restrictions and promote consumption of fruits and vegetables in the workplace [17] [18].

Pantry spaces should be designed with fewer opportunities for personal storage in order to minimize the involuntary sharing of utensils and dinnerware.

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DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

Future food service spaces will encourage digital touchless operations for check-in, payment, or booking [19]. Employees can order pre-packaged food via apps, be notified when ready for pickup, and eat in comfortable spaces that support social distancing guidelines [20]. Providing access to water and washing facilities, soap, disinfectants, hand sanitizer, and paper towels is also recommended to encourage hygiene and cleaning [19].

Lightweight furniture could be re-configured when desired to facilitate the de-densification of spaces like staff lounges and cafes. Architectural gestures could include socially distanced seating booths, and millwork partitions that can store and display pieces of furniture not currently in use.

A “back-to-normal� scenario that seats considerably more people could be achieved with few modifications to the space.

Drapery [21], or other types of movable furniture dividers, can be used to re-configure spaces depending on the need. These can be spaced to accommodate smaller, socially distanced groupings of people, in a variety of scenarios depending on what type of collaboration takes place.

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DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

The flexibility achieved through soft architectural solutions easily allows for future scenarios that create more open floor plans and support larger congregations of people [21].

SHOWERS

STORAGE

TOILET ROOMS

SHOWERS

EXAM ROOM

TOILET ROOMS AND EXAM ROOM In toilets, pathogen distribution by air happens by droplets and droplet residue generated by toilet flushing.

Ventilation systems can impact the transmission of droplet nuclei infectious aerosols. Exhaust ventilation systems of toilets need to run continuously to reduce fecal-oral transmission. Thus, these spaces require directional airflow to create clean-to-dirty flow patterns [22] [23].

A well-equipped exam and consultation room can offer employees the opportunity to have regular health screenings, receive flu shots or potential vaccines, and even have virtual consultations with medical practitioners of different specialties.

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Toilet rooms need to provide touchless and sanitization mechanisms for doors, toilet bowls, sinks, soap dispensers, and paper towel dispensers.

Adding spray disinfectant units or UV lamps to toilets bowls can reduce contaminant dispersion. Sinks need to be placed far enough from one another and, if possible, hand dryers should be avoided. Adding anti-pathogen wall finishes, floors, and ceilings in toilet rooms can also minimize contaminant distribution [24] [25] [26].

DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

New restrooms can incorporate one-way traffic patterns and a no doors design that minimizes high-touch surfaces [27]. Toilet cubicles can be completely enclosed (partitions and doors running full height), and their doors can open or close automatically using motion sensors [28]. Close to the restrooms, individual shower rooms can promote better hygiene, especially for employees that may now bike to work or have longer walking commutes while avoiding the use of public transportation.

Custom wall-mounted solid surface vanities can be installed socially distanced from one another. All fixtures can be touch free, and paper towels, hand lotion or other supplies could be integrated in their counter tops to facilitate immediate use. Indicator lights at each toilet cubicle’s doors can not only show occupancy, but also if UV lights have disinfected them. This would require a smarter control system to know when to activate the fixtures, and how long the UV needs to stay on for.

STORAGE

CONFERENCE

CONFERENCE

CONFERENCING Workplaces need collaboration spaces that enhance communication between present and remote individuals to support company culture and values.

Contactless temperature screening devices at every enclosed meeting space could also double as room scheduling solutions that synchronize live with employees’ phones. Their displays could also indicate the maximum occupancy of the rooms at a specific point in time.

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In fact, with the increasing trend of working remotely, workplace real estate will be more valuable transforming into the main hub for collaborative and creative work [12] [29]. Maximum meeting times should be 15 minutes, with individuals sitting at least six feet apart to minimize contact and chances of cross-contamination in meeting rooms[30]. Therefore, reduce the number of chairs in conference rooms and provide signage recommending the allowed number of people in these enclosed spaces. Recommended technology for collaboration areas includes voice controlled devices, virtual space booking applications, touchless trash cans, and flush-ceiling or personal hand-held microphones. Desks, computer keyboards, mice, and telephones need to be cleaned in-between usage or at night using ultraviolet light for infection control purposes [31] [32] [33].

DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

Designing conference rooms with foldable walls has always been an option to make them more flexible and adaptable throughout the week.

Using lightweight chairs and re-configurable training tables will also support different socially distanced scenarios like the ones shown above. One-way traffic should also be encouraged, as well as the implementation of sanitation stations close to entry points.

HOTELING AND OPEN WORK Hoteling or hot-desking is described as an office space management approach with unassigned desks for the employees [34].

Post pandemic, with the rising numbers of teleworkers and reduced number of needed workstations, hoteling spaces may adapt to reserved workstations for improved safety. In contrast, with shrinking footprints and dedensification of work environments, some companies may emphasize hoteling stations to increase flexibility for a traveling workforce [35]. This approach requires effective desk cleaning processes between shifts. Openplan workspaces are also another approach to enhance flexibility and increase occupant density as pandemic considerations change [34].

Lockers can be designed to function as physical barriers between hoteling stations and high traffic corridors.

They can incorporate touchless “E-locks� to minimize contact points, UV lights to sanitize any supplies left at the end of the day, and sanitation stations for employees who are constantly on the move (the Wanderers) [36].

Accessory trays can be put away at the end of the day, stored inside the lockers, or taken home to keep at hand important supplies and allow for work style community.

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DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

Hoteling, when social distancing is encouraged could still be achieved. Minimal workstations that are easily cleanable could be arranged six feet apart and have taller privacy screens. Ideally, each of these stations would be used by one single user a day, allowing for easier cleaning at the end of their shift.

Post-pandemic, arranging the same workstations in a more efficient and typical office layout will accommodate more employees. Shrouds in high-performance upholstery installed around the worksurfaces can still promote a sense of privacy in this scenario while also helping with acoustics.

Planning for the future: ultimately, if the need to fit a maximum number of workers in a hoteling setup is a priority, open benching solutions could be introduced within the same footprint, as well as other open office layouts that promote casual work and interactions.

The perimeter of the office can be activated with spaces that accommodate more casual, less focused work. Countertops made of easy to clean laminates or solid surface can be installed below operable windows. These can support natural ventilation and allow for plenty of daylight (window treatments can help reduce glare). Benches can be completely tucked away under the worksurface if desired, while cushions placed six feet apart can provide enough social distancing even in times of crisis.

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DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

Furniture pieces with tall screens, like COALESSE’S LAGUNITAS shown above, can create intimate spaces within the office that support different ways of working. They also provide the opportunity to decompress and take a break while being socially distant. Balconies or outdoor spaces can create relaxing environments that employees look forward to using when away from their work from home location [37]. Views to natural features, access to sunlight, and relaxing elements are all valuable for employee mental health and relaxation [38].

FLEX SPACE

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES AND FLEX SPACE A good strategy for future-proofing any new workplace is to allocate space for testing solutions for issues as they occur in the workplace.

Think of these zones as laboratories of ideas explicitly shaped to help employees work confidently and efficiently. Will the company’s culture shift to a complete work from home strategy for “heads down” work, while providing safe collaboration spaces in the office for team collaboration, or will workers want to come back to the office and use fully enclosed private offices? Providing agile, change ready spaces within the office design will accommodate these varying, and sometimes conflicting, requests.

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DEMOUNTABLE WALLS can be installed and easily reconfigured in a future scenario, creating private offices and/or meeting spaces depending on the immediate needs of the users. Systems like FAULKBUILT (shown in the left) have additional benefits like speed of construction, great acoustic performance, and ease of cleaning [39].

Creating collaborative environments then splitting them through the use of SCREENS, PANELS OR DIVIDERS is also a futureproofed option. STILL BY STYLEX (shown on the left) creates privacy and separation in open-plan environments, supporting partially to fully enclosed spaces with optional integrated power for solo and group activities.

This product has multiple benefits, including reduction of visual distractions and noise, the enforcement of greater social distancing and direction of circulation.

Post-pandemic, the flexible space identified in the office can evolve yet again to suit new needs and work styles. Workstations and open collaboration set-ups could potentially be integrated if the DENSIFICATION OF THE OFFICE BECOMES A PRIORITY. Environments like those proposed by STEELCASE (shown in the left) promote different types of work may make a comeback as opposed to the current desire for enclosed spaces.

Storage for coats, shoes, and other personal belongings can be located close to the entrances for full-time employees. With the addition of a hand washing sink, this area will act like a “genkan” or Japanese entryway whose primary function is the removal of shoes. Employees can then change into more comfortable office slipper shoes that are cleaner than those used outside the office [40].

The acts of handwashing and “shedding off the street” before the beginning of the workday are not only a practical consideration, but also make the experience of sanitizing ourselves less intimidating, and hopefully, therapeutic.

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DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

TYPES OF OFFICES Enclosed offices will be in high demand during and postpandemic.

ASSIGNED PRIVATE OFFICE

UNASSIGNED PRIVATE OFFICE

HOME OFFICE

Enclosed private offices, while taking much real estate, can have many benefits. They can provide a hierarchical order that contributes to employee retainment, offer fewer distractions resulting in more productivity, and help prevent the spread of germs [41].

Assigned private offices could offer more personal belongings storage options than unassigned ones. Still, both will have less overall storage than pre-pandemic designs to minimize clutter and facilitate cleaning. It’s recommended for both to not have any shelving or upper cabinets at the back wall to create less busy and more professional backgrounds during virtual meetings. A single guest chair will limit the number of people in the space and enforce social distancing.

Work from home setups will vary wildly from worker to worker, but the option to offer each a mobile pedestal in addition to technical support and more generic practices could be surprisingly helpful.

A mobile pedestal like WATSON’S OLLI (shown in the renderings) brings rich functionality to portable storage, like a work tray that lifts to “expand” any work surface, a hidden tray box, a bag hook, and the ability to be used as extra seating for a collaborator… or the cat.

TYPES OF WORKSTATIONS Carefully phasing workers’ return to the office is the ideal scenario for any company to ensure that social distancing protocols are maintained. Assigned workstations can be designed with tall partitions that demarcate individual work areas and reduce cross-infection [42]. These could be made of various materials, like glass or resin, that, while easily wipeable, still maintain the feel of an open and bright office.

The most critical factor for a partition is that its dimensions should exceed users’ breathing zone by a wide margin. The breathing zone is the pocket of air from which a person draws breath and can be visualized as a bubble with a radius of 12 inches, extending from the midpoint between a person’s ears. Thus, the partition height must consider the tallest user and how they will approach or use the partition. The partition’s width should account for user behavior, including the likelihood that users will attempt to move to the side to speak around the barrier. Industry best practice is currently to make the partition as wide as the surface, desk, or countertop will allow [43].

Combining personal belongings storage with a parking space for mobile pedestals next to each workstation can lessen clutter and facilitate cleaning at the end of the workday. Having tall elements that face high trafficked circulation paths and act as a “barrier” can also reduce the chances of infection between workers.

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DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

The same workstation module could be adapted to be more open in the future, without the need for as many physical barriers. Pedestals could park directly below the worksurfaces, allowing lockers to come down to make the space feel larger and create additional counter surface for collaboration or displays.

In this setup, other changes will also take place: the enclosed huddle rooms will accommodate larger groupings of people, digital wayfinding devices at each of the pods can now be removed, and the panel between workstations can become a tackable surface.

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1. Solution-dyed carpet tile solutions for social distancing

by INTERFACE and TARKETT

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2. Micro-perforated, fully accessible ceiling tiles with sound absorbing fabric by RULON

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3. Maintenance-free preserved plants for vertical application

by GARDEN ON THE WALL

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4. Wood look high pressure laminate by WILSONART 5. Terrazzo inspired solid surface by LG HAUSYS HIMACS

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6-8. Bleach cleanable coated and woven fabrics

by MAHARAM and KNOLL TEXTILES

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9. Scuff resistant and highly cleanable paint SCUFF-X by BENJAMIN MOORE 10. Extremely opaque, soft touch and anti-fingerprint laminate FENIX by ARPA

MATERIALITY

11. Large format, concrete look porcelain tile by CREATIVE MATERIALS CORP.

Proper selection of finishes in a project has always been important, but during and post-pandemic, every new material specified will be looked at through a lens that may prioritize high performance, and characteristics like long durability and ease of cleaning, over aesthetics and even comfort.

Harnessing the knowledge of other sectors, like healthcare, while putting together a materials palette for a workplace setting can be of great help. In medical environments, these are not new priorities. The constant design response to them means plenty of lessons learned and more in-depth familiarity with materials like coated fabrics, solid surfaces, and resilient floors and carpets that are easy to maintain.

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DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

It is essential to keep in mind using materials with inherent antimicrobial benefits and positive qualities that aid infection control.

As an example, there’s a considerable amount of evidence that shows copper alloys have antimicrobial qualities able to kill more than 99.9 percent of bacteria within two hours of contact and inhibit bacterial growth between cleanings [44]. Product lines that make use of copper are still limited but can include doorknobs, handles, push-buttons, sinks, plumbing fixtures, copper enhanced solid surface countertops, and custom copper layer claddings for furniture [45]. It is important to note that regardless of type, antimicrobial surfaces, natural or humanmade, can only reduce microbial contamination. They cannot prevent cross-contamination due to poor hand washing or other standard practices. It is a complementary strategy to supplement infection control practices such as thorough cleaning and disinfecting, and social distancing where possible [46].

Finally, we have to be careful during these times of rapid crisis response to not specify materials that promise antibacterial or other similar qualities without enough scientific data. These kinds of finishes can promote a false sense of security, and even worse, sometimes have adverse effects on the environment and the user’s health.

It is our responsibility as designers to specify materials that create attractive and welcoming environments and respond safely to the many new concerns this pandemic has brought to the foreground.

DESIGN ASSESSMENT TOOL 3

DESIGN ASSESSMENT TOOL The following lists a summary of general and specific recommendations to incorporate in any type of workplace.

These can guide the design process of brand-new office environments, as well as be applied while selectively retrofitting existing spaces.

Prioritize 3 out of the 7 principles recommended by this guide in order to have clearer goals and direction during each phase of design.

✓ ✓ ✓

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GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS e Space planning and any type of furniture layout should accommodate for six foot distances and social distancing. e Minimize high-touch areas, features and/or objects in the office that could act as vectors for the spread of germs. e Map out high-touch surfaces for effective cleaning outcomes. e Provide touchless controls, voice or gesture activated technology, and motion sensor fixtures when possible (lighting controls, door hardware, kitchen and bathroom fixtures and accessories, among others). e Relocate employees away from high traffic areas. e Provide clear signage and wayfinding tools throughout the space to highlight company policies and regulations, define one-way circulation patterns, and maintain physical distancing. e Identify temporary locations for screens and barriers to decrease the spread of the virus. e Promote personal hygiene while providing plenty of sanitation stations and products, as well as personal protection while providing PPE. e Favor high performing materials that are easy to clean and disinfect, as well as those that have proven antimicrobial or self-cleaning qualities without the addition of harmful chemicals. e Evaluate the existing HVAC systems and offer recommendations for improving or adding filtration or disinfection technologies.

ELEVATOR LOBBY ✓ ✓ ✓ e

Limit occupancy of elevators and highlight occupiable zones or quadrants. Mark queuing areas.

e

Install floor markings at elevator lobbies and inside elevator cabs to maintain social distancing protocols.

e

Program elevators for dedicated use to a floor, if possible.

e

Encourage stair use in lieu of elevators.

e e

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Add UV fixtures inside elevator cabs and motion/presence detectors to turn them on when they are empty.

Potentially slow down elevators while empty to give lamps additional time to disinfect properly.

Provide sanitizing stations and waste receptacles.

DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

ENTRY POINT ✓

✓

✓

e Provide separate entrances for visitors, guests and in-and-out employees, and full-time employees.

e e e

Incorporate digital signage for changing regulations and policies.

Incorporate multi-function body temperature scanners. Provide proper lighting around these devices to allow accurate analysis of a person’s face.

Potential location for air disinfection UV lighting products.

RECEPTION ✓ ✓ ✓ e e e e

Provide partitions or barriers at the reception desk that can act as a sneeze guard and a social distancing measure. Interaction slots on the partitions should be kept as small as possible, and placed to avoid compromising the breathing zone of either user.

Give prominent placement to handwashing sinks or any other hand sanitizing features.

Plan for a reconfiguration space that could accommodate different scenarios during and post-pandemic.

Encourage visitors to use self check-in kiosks or apps, instead of having to interact with the receptionist.

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CAFE/LUNCH ROOM ✓ e

Provide fewer opportunities for the personal storage of utensils or dinnerware.

e

Consider closing pantries, water fountains, vending machines and other high touch areas.

e e

Assign space for the delivery and display of personalized meals. Promote consumption of fruits and vegetables in the workplace.

Specify lightweight furniture that can be re-configured when desired to either densify the space, or enforce social distancing with less seats available.

e Add recessed UV fixtures and/or under cabinet UV fixtures (these will primarily disinfect countertops). If fixtures are to disinfect throughout the day, include motion/presence detectors.

e

Install sinks or soap dispensers.

✓ ✓

COLLABORATION ✓ e

Specify soft architectural solutions that easily allow for multiple furniture configurations and/or collaboration scenarios.

e

Include mobile and light weight furniture for flexibility of use.

e

Utilize sound masking technology to control noise and reduce distractions.

e Specify mobile carts where personal hygiene products and PPE can be stored and accessed from.

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✓ ✓

DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

TOILET ROOMS ✓ ✓ e

Plan toilets to accommodate for a one-way flow, and full-height doors and partitions.

e

Design sinks to be placed six-feet apart.

e

Specify vacuum toilets that use suction to minimize the spread of germs into the air.

e

Avoid hand dryers to minimize the spread of germs into the air.

e

Add UV fixtures and motion/presence detectors to turn them on when restrooms are empty.

✓

LOCKERS ✓ ✓ e

Plan physical barriers between workstations and highly trafficked corridors.

e

Specify lockers that incorporate touchless “E-locks.”

e

Provide accessory trays for each employee that can be stored inside the lockers or taken home to allow for some continuity between work styles.

e

Specify object-oriented UV disinfection inside each locker.

e

Place personal belonging storage near entrances to encourage removal of street clothes.

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DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

✓

HOTELING ✓ e e e e

Reduce maximum occupancy when needed to enable social distancing.

Incorporate privacy screens or shrouds around each workstation that could be removed in the future.

Enhance cleaning protocols between shifts of employees.

Encourage employees to bring their own equipment and work tools (laptops, headset microphones, mice, etc) to discourage shared use and minimize shared touch points.

e

Potential location for air disinfection products.

e

Specify object-oriented UV disinfection such as phone and keyboard disinfectors.

e

✓

Use task lights at each workstation to allow each user to control their own personal light levels and reduce the need to move throughout the day.

✓

CONFERENCING ✓ e e e

Encourage virtual meetings instead of in-person.

Provide contactless temperature screening devices at every enclosed meeting space that could also double as room scheduling solutions and digital displays.

Establish maximum occupancies and remove extra seating. Use lightweight chairs and training tables to support different socially distanced scenarios.

e

Encourage one-way traffic.

e

Remove common computers; encourage click-share with personal computers.

e e 56

✓ ✓

Potential location for air disinfection UV lighting products, as well as indicator lights placed on the exterior of the rooms that would allow employees to confirm room cleanliness and availability.

Use applications for space booking using personal phones to check-in.

DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

WORKSTATIONS ✓ e

✓

Invest in light weight modular workstations that are flexible to move, and in partitions that can change height depending on the need.

e Specify materials that are easily cleanable and yet maintain a feel of openness and transparency.

e

Combine personal belongings storage and parking space for mobile pedestals to lessen clutter around workstations and facilitate cleaning.

e

Potential location for air disinfection products.

e

Specify object-oriented UV disinfection such as phone and keyboard disinfectors.

e

Use task lights at each workstation to allow each user to control their own personal light levels and reduce the need to move throughout the day.

✓

PRIVATE OFFICES ✓ ✓ ✓ e Provide less storage options to minimize shared touch points, minimize clutter and facilitate cleaning.

e Avoid having upper cabinets or shelves at back wall to create a less busy and more professional background during virtual meetings.

e

Provide a single guest chair that will limit the number of people in the office.

e

Potential location for air disinfection products.

e

Specify object-oriented UV disinfection such as phone and keyboard disinfectors.

e

Consider acoustic panels to support speech privacy.

e

58

Invest in touch screens for video calls that enable making real time annotations, as well as superior quality headsets or microphones and web cameras.

DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

HOME OFFICES ✓ ✓ ✓ e e e

Encourage office de-densification allowing employees to work from home.

Offer optional mobile pedestals to each employee as a means to expand their work surface and give additional storage options.

Invest in standing desks, high-speed Internet, or ergonomic chairs for employees.

VENTILATION e Increase ventilation levels where possible. e Define wider acceptable indoor temperature ranges (68-76°F). e Provide automatic reset of ventilation levels based on outdoor conditions. e Provide extended hours of ventilation (pre- and post-occupancy). e Disable demand controlled ventilation sequences that respond to occupancy levels.

AIR FLOW PATTERNS e Adjust air devices to eliminate high velocity jets. e Replace air devices if not adjustable.

HIGH VELOCITY HORIZONTAL PATTERN

HIGH VELOCITY DOWNWARD PATTERN

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DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

FILTRATION e

Replace MERV 8 filters with MERV 13 efficient filters.

- MERV 8: Dust spot efficiency of 30-35%, 3.0-10.0 micron min. particle size.

- MERV 13: Dust spot efficiency of 80-85%, 0.3-1.0 micron min. particle size.

e Verify existing air-handling unit and fan can accommodate new filters. e Check filter frames, seal to eliminate air bypass.

HUMIDIFICATION e Consider installing electric or gas-fired humidifiers in air-handling systems. This will require careful evaluation of existing envelope & infrastructure, and will add maintenance and operating costs.

AIRSIDE DISINFECTION e Consider installing UV Germicidal Irradiation or UVGI (UVC light (254 nm) to neutralize pathogens) in air-handling units to decontaminate coils and drain pans (biofilm), or in in ducts to disinfect air stream. e Design for dose intensity and contact time to target specific virus or bacteria. e Consider Bipolar Ionization. It generates charged ions that cluster around particles and enlarges particles so they are more easily filtered. e Designed as a form of continuous disinfection, >99% reduction at 30 minutes.

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DESIGN GUIDE FOR A NEW WORKPLACE EXPERIENCE

SPACE DISINFECTION e Consider installing UV LIGHTS high on walls or ceilings with reflectors to avoid occupied space irradiation. This will need appropriate signage to avoid safety concerns. e Consider using portable UV light systems to disinfect room pre-or post-occupancy. Must be done while rooms are unoccupied. e Consider using a REACTIVE OXYGEN GENERATOR. It can utilize oxidizing molecules to kill bacteria, viruses and mold. They can come wall-mounted or portable, and be utilized in occupied spaces. e Use AIR PURIFIERS in smaller spaces (<350 sf) like offices, conference rooms and pantries. These can typically include a prefilter function, a HEPA filter (99.97% minimum efficiency), a carbon filter (odor) and both, UV light or ionizer depending on the model.

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[8] https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/office-buildings.html [9] https://www.mass.gov/doc/sector-specific-workplace-safety-standards-phase-i-for-office-spaces-toaddress-covid-19/download [10] Davies, N., Clinch, S., & Alt, F. (2014). Pervasive displays: understanding the future of digital signage. Synthesis Lectures on Mobile and Pervasive Computing, 8(1), 1-128.

[11] Huang, T., Guo, Y., Li, S., Zheng, Y., Lei, L., Zeng, X., ... & Liu, L. (2020). Application and effects of fever screening system in the prevention of nosocomial infection in the only designated hospital of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Shenzhen, China. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 1-4.

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Accessed from: https://www.workdesign.com/2020/04/a-common-sense-guide-for-the-return-to-the-office/ [13] Arbogast, J. W., Moore-Schiltz, L., Jarvis, W. R., Harpster-Hagen, A., Hughes, J., & Parker, A. (2016). Impact of a comprehensive workplace hand hygiene program on employer health care insurance claims and costs, absenteeism, and employee perceptions and practices. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 58(6), e231.

[14] Cockburn, W. (2020). COVID-19: BACK TO THE WORKPLACE-Adapting workplaces and protecting workers. accessed from: https://ketlib.lib.unipi.gr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/ket/2315/COVID19_EU_guidance. pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y [15] Malone, E. B., & Dellinger, B. A. (2011). Furniture design features and healthcare outcomes. Concord, CA: The Center for Health Design.

[16] https://insights.samsung.com/2018/02/09/booked-out-conference-room-signage-helps-end-confusion-andtrim-costs/ [17] Quintiliani, L., Poulsen, S., & Sorensen, G. (2010). Healthy eating strategies in the workplace. International journal of workplace health management.

[18] Bandoni, D. H., Sarno, F., & Jaime, P. C. (2011). Impact of an intervention on the availability and consumption of fruits and vegetables in the workplace. Public health nutrition, 14(6), 975-981.

[19] International Labour Organization (2020). COVID-19 & accommodation food service activities prevention and control checklist. Accessed from: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/ publication/wcms_754201.pdf [20] Melnick, H., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2020). Reopening Schools in the Context of COVID-19: Health and Safety Guidelines from Other Countries. Policy Brief. Learning Policy Institute.

[21] â&#x20AC;&#x153;Highlight the pivotal role of curtains beyond lighting control and client demands for privacy, but as a soft architecture of flexible programming. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Coffman, C. (2018) Curtain-as-wall, Interiors, 9:1, 100-110, DOI: 10.1080/20419112.2018.1486087

[22] Liu, Y., Ning, Z., Chen, Y., Guo, M., Liu, Y., Gali, N. K., ... & Liu, X. (2020). Aerodynamic characteristics and RNA concentration of SARS-CoV-2 aerosol in Wuhan hospitals during COVID-19 outbreak. BioRxiv.

[23] Santos, A. F., Gaspar, P. D., Hamandosh, A., de Aguiar, E. B., Guerra Filho, A. C., & de Souza, H. J. L. Best Practices on HVAC Design to Minimize the Risk of COVID-19 Infection within Indoor Environments.

[24] Mudditt (2020). Pandemic-proofing offices could involve short-term fixes, new working patterns and longterm design upgrades that put hygiene at the heart of workplace planning. Accessed from: https://www.bbc.com/ worklife/article/20200514-how-the-post-pandemic-office-will-change [25] Ong SWX, Tan YK, Chia PY, et al. Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) From a symptomatic patient.

JAMA 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.3227 [26] Oppel, L. (2020). Concrete versus COVID-19: How the built environment can limit the spread of disease. BC Medical J, 62, 134.

[27] Marshall, D. L., Bois, F., Jensen, S. K., Linde, S. A., Higby, R., RĂŠmy-McCort, Y., ... & Martin, G. G. (2020). Sentinel Coronavirus environmental monitoring can contribute to detecting asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 virus spreaders and can verify effectiveness of workplace COVID-19 controls. Microbial Risk Analysis, 100137.

[28] https://theconversation.com/automatic-doors-the-simple-technology-that-could-help-stop-coronavirusspreading-135420 [29] Wilk, P. (2000). Workplace reimagined: COvid-19 to reshape the modern office experience. Accessed from: https://www.ehstoday.com/covid19/article/21132221/workplace-reimagined-covid19-to-reshape-the-modernoffice-experience [30] Cirrincione, L., Plescia, F., Ledda, C., Rapisarda, V., Martorana, D., Moldovan, R. E., ... & Cannizzaro, E. (2020).

COVID-19 pandemic: Prevention and protection measures to be adopted at the workplace. Sustainability, 12(9), 3603.

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[31] Kovach, C., Taneli, Y., Neiman, T., Dyer, E., Arzaga, A., & Kelber, S. (2017). Evaluation of an ultraviolet room disinfection protocol to decrease nursing home microbial burden, infection and hospitalization rates. BMC Infectious Diseases, 17(1).

[32] Day, R. W., Taylor, B. M., Bednarski, B., Tzeng, C. W. D., Gershenwald, J. E., Lee, J. E., & Grubbs, E. G. (2020). Virtual interviews for surgical training program applicants during COVID-19: lessons learned and recommendations. Annals of Surgery.

[33] Megahed, N. A., & Ghoneim, E. M. (2020). Antivirus-built environment: Lessons learned from COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainable Cities and Society, 102350.

[34] Hall, M. T., Bui, H. Q., Rowe, J., & Do, T. A. (2020). COVID-19 Case and Contact Investigation in an Office Workspace. Military medicine.

[35] Fawcett W.H. Optimum capacity of shared accommodation: yield management analysis. Facilities. 2009 [36] Andersen, B. M., Bånrud, H., Bøe, E., Bjordal, O., & Drangsholt, F. (2006). Comparison of UV C light and chemicals for disinfection of surfaces in hospital isolation units. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 27(7), 729-734.

[37] D’alessandro, D., Gola, M., Appolloni, L., Dettori, M., Maria, G., Fara, A. R., ... & Capolongo, S. (2020). COVID-19 and living space challenge. Well-being and public health recommendations for a healthy, safe, and sustainable housing. environment, 5, 6.

[38] Berto R, Barbiero G, Pasini M, Unema P. Biophilic Design Triggers Fascination and Enhances Psychological Restoration in the Urban Environment. J. Biourbanism, 2016, 1, 26-35. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2177.496.

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[40] Fu, Y. L., & Liang, K. C. Fuzzy Logic Programming and Adaptable Design of Medical Products for the COVID-19 Anti-epidemic Normalization. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105762 [41] https://www.theperspective.com/debates/businessandtechnology/open-vs-closed-space-workenvironments/ [42] https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/resuming-business-toolkit.html [43] https://ncceh.ca/content/blog/physical-barriers-covid-19-infection-prevention-and-control-commercialsettings [44] Santo, C. E., Taudte, N., Nies, D. H., & Grass, G. (2008). Contribution of copper ion resistance to survival of Escherichia coli on metallic copper surfaces. Applied and environmental microbiology, 74(4), 977-986.

[45] Karpanen, T. J., Casey, A. L., Lambert, P. A., Cookson, B. D., Nightingale, P., Miruszenko, L., & Elliott, T. S. J. (2012). The antimicrobial efficacy of copper alloy furnishing in the clinical environment: a crossover study. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 33(1), 3-9.

[46] Sifri, C. D., Burke, G. H., & Enfield, K. B. (2016). Reduced health care-associated infections in an acute care community hospital using a combination of self-disinfecting copper-impregnated composite hard surfaces and linens. American journal of infection control, 44(12), 1565-1571.

Design Guide for a New Workplace Experience recognizes that every organization has special circumstances. If you need advice about how to address your specific issues, please contact Jill Wheeler, Regional Director Of Interior Design, at jwheeler@ewingcole.com.