DDF Module 4_2017 Sem 1_EvelynOngYiThong 855643 pdf

DIGITAL DESIGN + FABRICATION SM1, 2017 M4 JOURNAL - GORGEOUS PROTECTION Evelyn Ong Yi Thong (855643) Amanda Masip + Group H

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0.0 Introduction

1.0 Ideation 1.1 Object Measurement 1.2 Object Analysis 1.3 Digital Model 1.4 Reconfiguration 1.5 Sketch Design Reflection From Module 1

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CONTENT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

2.0 Design 2.1 Diagram Development - Sketch 2.2 Refined Sketch Model 2.3 Second Skin Proposed Design 2.4 Precedent Research 2.5 Precedent Applied To Design 2.6 Design Development - Prototype 2.7 Digital Prototypes 2.8 Testing Effect

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Reflection From Module 2 4

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3.1 Design Development 3.2 Design Development + Fabrication of Prototype V.2 3.3 Reading Response Week 06 3.4 Reading Response Week 07 3.5 Prototype Development 3.6 Prototype Optimisation 01,02,03 3.7 2nd Skin Final Design 3.8 Fabrication Sequence 3.9 Assembly Drawing 3.10 Assembly Drawing - 360 degree view Perspectives Reflection From Module 3

Reflection From Module 4 Bibliography Credits

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0.0 INTRODUCTION MATERIAL SYSTEM Folding and Panelling

DESIGN OBJECTIVE

Our main user of our design is freshman in university. Design a Gorgeous Protection for freshman at Universitiy campus to provide better comfortable and confidence on their body. The main aim of our second skin project is to create a gorgeous and protective wearable equirement in simultaneously.

DESIGN BRIEF

As a freshman in university, the excitement and curiosity to university’s life, the concept of second skin acts a stylish protection barrier where the soft edges symbolizes the friendly and kind side of the wearer, the rest of the sharp edges will be the protective barrier when they are in the uncomfortable situation and feel anxiety creeping along.

KEY CONCEPTS

Volume Spatial and Emotional Effect Visual Effect Transition of Colour Transition of Form

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1.0 IDEATION 1.1 Object Measurement 1.2 Object Analysis 1.3 Digital Model 1.4 Reconfiguration 1.5 Sketch Design Reflection From Module 1

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1.1 Object Measurement

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The sea shell was physically measured by using scale ruler and photographed on a flat plane. By following the reading of “How to lay out a croissant” from Miralles and Pinos (1994) , the top,bottom,section and two sides of the shell were traced on the paper to get the basic outline.

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SEA SHELL (Physical Object)

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ELEVATION A

ELEVATION B

SCALE 4:1 @ A4

SCALE 4:1 @ A4

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

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PLAN A 23

SCALE 8:1 @ A4 2.50

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SECTION

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PLAN B

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1.2 Object Analysis

Object + System Analysis: Analyical sketches/ drawings abstracting the rule or material logic in the object

From the drawing it shows that the shell consists a pair of spiral from the centre point to outer point.

After studied the drawing of seashell, I realised that the seashell was actually formed by a few elements - a series of circular shapes.

The detail of shell showing the multiple spiral arrangement which expressed about the golden ratio in nature.

PLAN B SCALE 8:1 @ A4

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Connects all the circular shapes together and developed it where formed out a spiral seashell.

The Fibonacci sequence also can be seen in the way the shell form and texture.

Define the basic shapes and lines to create a 3 dimensional model by using the folding materials system.

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ELEVATION A SCALE 4:1 @ A4

Using the outline of the seashell and redefine the shape.

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Using the basic shape from the seashell and combine it with the elements of the seashell’s section.

Choose one form from the seashell.

SECTION SCALE 4:1 @ A4

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1.3 Digital Model

Use the computation software - RHINO to make the digital model.

DETAIL 1

TOP VIEW

DETAIL 2

ELEVATION BOTTOM VIEW DETAIL 3

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1.4 Reconfiguration

From the inspiration of sketches and digital model drawings, I refined the elements of shapes and lines to create volumes for the sketch models from 2 dimensional to 3 dimensional shapes with the concept of geomoetry form, endless of connections between all the joints, framing and layering by using the materials system of panelling and folding.

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1.5 Sketch Design

Sketch Design #1

Sketch Design #2

( Fold & expand the structure )

( Fold & exp the structu

MULTIPLE LAYERS / HIDDEN / PRIVACY A circular rings was connected to create the personal space and protection.

The inspiration was come from “ Body Imperfections”. The wearer can use the second skin to hide the imperfections and conceal the weakness to others people. Yet the second skin also create more privacy space for the wearer.

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FLEXIBLE / MULTI-COMPARTMENT / PROTECTION

A flexible and expandable concept is used in this skin se wearer can expand the hollow hexagons and use it as def they get rid of sudden attack or the situation they feel unco There is a few solid hexagons on the surface can us compartment for the wearer to have more space to store

pand ure )

Sketch Design #3

( Expand the structure )

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econd. The fense when omfortable. se as multie their stuffs.

GORGEOUS / HIDDEN / INTENSE A gorgeous shell is covering on the wearer’s neck, shoulders and arms.

I purposely designed it in a gorgeous ways yet it actually actings as a protective shell. The edge of the curve shells will be lifting up and become sharp-pointed when the wearer feel his personal space invaded.

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REFLECTION FROM MODULE 1 In M1, I was introduced the material system of folding and panelling by studying and analysing the selected object – The Sea Shell. Inspired by the reading of “How to lay out a croissant” from Miralles and Pinos (1994), I started to come up various measuring methods and try to find some single geometry from the sea shells.

Throughout the measuring process, I got to know every single detail of my object.

Besides measuring physical models, use digital tectonics “Rhino” to modelling the sea shell would also be very helpful in design develop process.

I got to know how the physical model would be create and develop.

In class, the workshop gave me a quick and fundamental understanding of how to create the volume and form by using the material system. It helped me a lot in developing my further design that respond the personal space.

Overall, I felt M1 was a good starting point in this subject as it introduced a new perspective of looking and analysing the physical object as well as helping me in understanding and developing the design not only physically but also the design intention behind of it. Such understanding helps me move forward in designing second skin in Module 2.

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2.0 DESIGN 2.1 Diagram Development - Sketch Drawing 2.2 Refined Sketch Model 2.3 Second Skin Proposed Design 2.4 Precedent Research 2.5 Precedent Applied To Design 2.6 Design Development - Prototypes 2.7 Digital Prototypes 2.8 Testing Effect Reflection From Module 2

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2.1 Design Development - Sketch Drawing

From now on is group project, three person in a group.

Studied through combined three of our best design concept from Module 1.

In order to create personal space of the wearer and archieve the contrast of softness and sharpness on the second skin. The main aim of our second skin project is to create a gorgeous and protective wearable equirement in simultaneously.

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2.2 Refined Sketch Model

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2.3 Second Skin Proposed Design

After did some sketch drawing for the proposed design, we tried to use Rhino to create the digital proposed design. In order to explore the multiple design options by computing.

Proposed Design #1

Top View

Side View

Front View

Isometric View

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Proposed Design #2

Top View

Side View

Front View

Isometric View

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Precedent 2.4 Precedent Research Research Huyghe + Le Corbusier Puppet Theatre- by MOS

Variations of Sharp and Smooth Diamond Panel

HUYGHE + LE CORBUSIER PUPPET THEATRE BY MOS

Precedent Research Huyghe + Le Corbusier Puppet Theatre- by MOS

The Puppet Theatre designed by MOS at Harvard made using 500 diamond shaped polycarbonate panels are all unique to form the exterior shape. It displays a smooth inner surface but with a hollow exterior where they have used moss to fill the empty volume. The two different styles of panels gives the theatre a contrast between digital and natural.

Variations of Sharp and Smooth Diamond Panel Sketch Diagram

Top View

Section

Sketch Diagram

The Puppet Theatre designed by MOS at Harvard made using 500 diamond shaped polycarbonate panels are all unique to form the exteriar shape. It displays a smooth inner surface but with a hollow exterior where they have the theatre a contrast between digital and natural.

Huyghe + Le Corbusier Puppet Theatre - MOS

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Top View

Section

8 The Puppet Theatre designed by MOS at Harvard made using 500 diamond

2.5 Precedent Applied To Design

After studied the case study “Puppet Theatre�, we get the inspiration of how they create the magical flow in the architecture by using the geometry concept. And using the joints of 3D diamond shapes to create a series of smooth surface and sharp edges. With these combinations, this is very similar to what we want to present in our second skin model.

Connecting the diamond shapes in an order way even though they are all in different scale. We also create several hollow shapes to mix with solid diamond shapes. Meanwhile, the mixture and the connection of different types of diamond shapes create not only smoothness, but the sharpness as well.

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2.6 Design Development - Prototypes

Create and test different type of method and basic shapes. In order to get the possibilities that we could improve and made successful in our second skin model.

Design Development #Version 1

Hollow Diamond In Black Colour

Solid Diamond In Black Colour

Main Design Concept

As a freshman in university, the excitement and curiosity to university’s life, the concept of second skin acts a stylish protection barrier where the soft edges symbolizes the friendly and kind side of the wearer, the rest of the sharp edges will be the protective barrier when they are in the uncomfortable situation and feel anxiety creeping along. Therefore, We used different colour and element of the diamond shapes to represent the emotional feeling that we wanted to create.

Hollow Diamond In Black Colour : ANXIETY Solid Diamond In Black Colour: FEAR Hollow Diamond In White Colour: FRIENDLY Solid Diamond In White Colour: KIND Hollow Diamond In White Colour

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Solid Diamond In White Colour

Design Development #Version 2

Using Panelling Method To Join Different Module Together

By connecting multiple of diamonds, we are able to create a smooth surface even though the diamond shapes are all in different scale. And playing with different scale of diamond shapes, in order to create the soft and sharp surfaces. The smoothness we have designed on the second skin represents the kind and friendly of new student’s attitude. Yet the sharpness on the second skin represents the self-defence that new students in still in themselves.

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2.7 Digital Prototypes

After did some sketch drawing for the proposed design, we tried to use Rhino to create the digital proposed design. In order to explore the multiple design options by computing.

Design Development #Version 1

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2.8 Testing Effect

After did some sketch drawing for the proposed design, we tried to use Rhino to create the digital proposed design. In order to explore the multiple design options by computing.

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REFLECTION FROM MODULE 2 Module 2 marked an innovation combination which we decided to combine three of our individual design proposal into one final design concept. Besides, precedent research would be a good starting when we were struggling in creating the form and structure of our second skin. Inspired by the researches, we found out that the combination of shape, structure, colour and material can always give sense of harmony in design. By analysing various folding and panelling method, it inspired us to come up different ideas of design development.

After figuring out the folding and panelling system, I have drew some initial design sketches. In order to generate and develop more possibilities on our design, we tend to use digital modelling to show up the visualising and also help us to refining our design idea. By using the digital modelling tools “RHINO�, it allow us to visual our design in details as well as in 3 dimensionally. Furthermore, it provides us to test all sorts of potential development on our design. Moreover, it helps us a lots in deciding the final form and structure of our design.

After that, we started to partially prototype of our design in order to get a better understanding to our design in term of visual effect and the degree of comfort on the body. And we found out that, the sharp edges that we created was actually made the wearer felt not so comfortable meanwhile restricted their arm to move around. Thus, for the further design development, the materials of our design would be change.

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3.0 FABRICATION 3.1 Design Development 3.2 Design Development + Fabrication of Prototype V.2 3.3 Reading Response Week 06 3.4 Reading Response Week 07 3.5 Prototype Development 3.6 Prototype Optimisation 01,02,03 3.7 2nd Skin Final Design 3.8 Fabrication Sequence 3.9 Assembly Drawing 3.10 Assembly Drawing - 360 degree view Perspectives Reflection From Module 3

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3.1 Design Development

Module 2 Feedback:

The feedback we got from Module 2 are the connection and joints of the diamond shapes is too random, it have to be more logic. And the transition of the scale and colour of the diamond shapes is not smoothly enough.

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Developing the design from M2 Digital Model and Prototype:

We generated and improved our M3 design based on the feedback that we got from M2 design review.

We reconstructed and analyzed our M2 model in more detail by changing the connection of modules, creating another folding method for diamond shapes, designing base structure for wearable equirement, applying the idea of dynamic structure as our inspiration towards our second skin design.

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3.2 Design Development + Fabrication of Prototype V.2

Our design follows the path taken by the volume shown at the left to create personal space.

Redesigning Model:

In the end, we decided to combine this two elements in order to create more smoother transition on the second skin. And we also did different calculation on the diamond’s size which will enhancing the organization of diamond’s connection.

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Module 1: Combining different size of diamonds

Module 2: Organising the size of diamonds

Module 3: Creating a dynamic panel with the combination of diamond shapes and folding system

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3.3 Reading Response Week 06 Architecture in the Digital Age - Design + Manufacturing/ Branko Kolarevic, Spon Press, London c2003 The types of digital fabrication processes are: Two-Dimensional fabrication: where cutting is used in the x-y direction to form he desired shape.

Subtractive fabrication: involves removal of unwanted material of a specific volume using chemical, electro or mechanical reduction process. E.g. multi axis milling Additive fabrication: involves adding material layer by layer in different levels of contours to form the desired product like reverse milling.

Formative fabrication: Uses force to such as mechanical, heat or steam to deform a material and shape it to the desired shape.

We have used two-dimensional fabrication for our design. We used laser cutters to form our desired pattern on a plane. We then assembled it by folding the plane to form our 3D structure.

We use CAD to form our 2D shape which consisted of dotted lines to represent where the folds are supposed to be. The shape also needed parts to hold on to the fold.

After this was printed out, it was carefully folded by hands to produce our desired three dimensional structure.

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Reading Week 06 Applied To Design

How does the fabrication process and strategy effect your second skin project?

The fabrication process we adpted for our second skin was to laser cut our material to form our shape so that we can fold it to form our design. In order to fabricate our shape we first needed our digital model with the right dimensions We also need a material onto which we apply our shape.

Our plan was to use a material that is rigid and transparent but not brittle. We decided to use transparent polycarbonate plastic. We used three different colors of the material: white, grey and black that represents our concept on personal space.

This is a new material than previously explored for our design prototype where we used cardboard. The new material is more lighter than the previous one which gives the new prototype a more comfortable feel.

Learning from our previous model of the prototype where the parts are at random location and different dimensions, we organised it systematically to create a more smooth transition and ease of fabrication for our assembly.

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3.4 Reading Respone Week 07

Digital Fabrications: architectural + material techniques/Lisa Iwamoto. New York: Princeton Architectural Press c2009 As we know we can create what we want in a digital model through various software. The digital model is designed so that it can be reproduced physically onto our world. Like the numerous digital modelling software in our reach in the modern-day technology we also have hands on to various fabricating hardware. These devices can do numerous repetitions of the same task to form parts of the model with the same level of precision.

The software can create files that the fabricating devices can read and re-create through various methods for various designs.

Masterbuilders who would normally not know how their models would end up can now experiment with their parts to forsee how and where they must apply their design. The transformation in architecture made possible by modern technology is countless. There can be various modifications to the design and can be tested with ease.

Folding: This technique is a simple way of transforming a two dimensional plane to a three dimnesional object. Folding has been a technique long used and has evolved with the help of experimentations conducted by architects/ enginners using their knowledge to create simple and complex geometry with the added benifit of having a smooth surface and transition. Folding has a wide range of variations and now with the benefit of digital design the possibilities are endless.

The Air Foorce Academy Cadet Chapel, completed in 1962 by walter Netsch and Skidmore,Owings & Merrill has its roof and walls combined using folding technique to enclose the chapel. It uses prisimatic folds to cover the space when assembled together.

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Reading Applied To Design

Referencing from the lectures and readings, what is the implication of digital fabrication on your design ?

The implication made by digital fabrication is the ability to test variations in design. Starting with our first protoype, we chose a material applied our input and used laser cutter to form our diamond giving us a first insight to how we can further improve our model.

For second prototype we changed our material and our technique.

We still used laser cutting to make the two dimensional plane. We used rhino to make our three dimensional model and unrolled it to form a 2D surface. Modifying the model digitally gives us a better look into the folding technique used for our physical model and how we can achieve our desired effect.

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3.5 Prototypes Development

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Developing Model:

After doing some experimenting with the diamond shape, we finally decided to use the diamond shapes, triangles and hexagons to create a geometry base panel. In order to make the transition of modules more smoother.

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3.6 Prototype Optimisation 01 - Changing the size and height of opening by using folding method - Using the sewing method to fix the shapes

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We tried to fold the geometry base panel into 3D triangles surfaces. By using the folding system, it allowed us to adjust the size and height of opening which we want to form and create the diamond shapes simultaneously.And use the sewing method to fix the shapes. From the photos, you will be able to see that the openings were getting bigger meanwhile the diamond shapes increasely obvious.

Sewing point

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3.6 Prototype Optimisation 02 - Doubling the front module’s layer

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In order to create more volume on the model, we decided to double the layers at the front part which is the clear transparent base panel.

The double layers gives the whole part have more stereo feeling and more nicer 3D effects.

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3.6 Prototype Optimisation 03 - Using different colour of Polypropylene sheets to create the visual transitions

In order to achieve a better transition, we use different shades of colour on our model such as black polypropylene, grey polypropylene and transparent polypropylene.

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Joints and connections

White metal wires also used in our model in order to fix the overall shape of our model and make the structure of model more stronger.

Using the thread to connect the joints of the three different modules.

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3.7 2nd Skin Final Design

Detail 1

Elevation 52

Detail 2

Top View

Detail 3

Isometric View

Detail 4 53

3.8 Fabrication Sequence

1. Draw the geometry shapes on the polypropylene.

2. Cut out the shapes by following the lines.

3. Using folding method

5. Doubling the layers at the front part in order to increase the volume.

6. Using sewing polypropylene m

8. Using rhino to draw the diamond shapes for laser cut fabrication. After the laser cut fabrication is completed, using super glue to stick the the module in order to create 3D forms.

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d to make the shape into 3D forms.

method to join the three different colour of module together.

4. Adjusting the size and height of the opening. Using sewing method to fix the shapes.

7. Adding the white metal wires in the modules, in order to make the structure stonger.

9. Stick the 3D diamonds on the geometry panels.

10. Lastly, giving a protection on the model’s surface by using the “Crystal Clear Spray�.

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3.9 Assembly Drawing Module 2

Module 3

Module 2

Module 1

The assembly method is made up of three layers: Front, Middle and Back.

The front consists on white clear transparent plastic and covers half the face on the right; and a double layer on the left covering the left part of the chest.

The middle layer consists of grey transparent plastic which is reversed and convers the two sides of the shoulders.

The back part consists of black plastic which consists of four different types of diamonds and covers the back.

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Module 1- Geometry Base Panel in clear transparent polypropylene sheet - Creating different size and height of opening

Module 2- Geometry Base Panel in grey transparent polypropylene sheet - Flip over the geometry base panel and adding the different pattern of diamond shapes on to it

Different pattern of diamond shapes that used in our modules.

Module 3- Geometry Base Panel in black polypropylene sheet - Putting the diamond shapes in other ways in order to create more sharper surfaca.

- Creating in different shadow effects as the openings narrow down.

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3.10 Assembly Drawing- 360 degree view

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REFLECTION FROM MODULE 3 Module 3 is the most interesting and important part in design and fabrication process, which let us know how the digital and physical model and the fabrication techniques have to be work together in order to get a better results in design.

Through using digital modelling tool “RHINO”, it gave me the preview of my design and allow me to do better changes or improvement on my design before the actual model has been produced, and allow me to make my design from ideal form to be able to make it in reality. Computation has set up a great foundation for us, and driving us to the success in the design process. By using computation, we get to use laser machine to cut our model parts, it helped us save a lot of time and worry of preciseness during the fabrication process.

Moreover, the reading “Digital Fabrication: Architectural and material techniques from Iwamoto(2009) has gave a better understanding of folding techniques and how to use simple and geometric shapes to develop a complicated structure.

The most challenge part during fabrication was sticking and joining the diamond shapes together. Because of the material that we chose was polypropylene, we tried a few different method to stick them on but end up it didn’t worked very well. So in the end we have to redo some parts of the model and get special glue to stick them on.

Even though we have spent double time on making the final model.

But when I saw the outcome of the model, I felt every effort and time we have spent is worthy. And I was satisfied with the end product.

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4.0 REFLECTION Reflection From Module 4 Bibliography Credits

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REFLECTION FROM MODULE 4 Throughout the semester, I have to say I was really enjoyed and gained a lot from this subject. It is an interesting subject which provides students have the chances to explore and design a model in 1:1 scale by using the digital modelling tools and fabrication techniques. Others than technique knowledges, I also got the learn how to have better time management because it was very intensive subject that we need to come out the conceptual ideation till completion of fabrication in 12 weeks.

Module 1 guided me through the process of analysing the object in details and developing the design concept based on the physical characteristics and material system of the object. I started to explore and analyse the possibilities of each proposal by drawing a few conceptual sketches before I went off to develop the final model. And the interesting part in module 1 was using the digital modelling tools, it allowed me to see my objects in different perspectives as well as helped me in generating my ideas in designing.

Moving to module 2, we started to work in a team of three person, we shared and discussed different ideas and designs with each other. Throughout the sharing, we came up with more practicable design that response well to the main theme of this module. Digital modelling tools RHINO has become one of the critical tool in helping us to communicate with our initial design concept and make our design more feasible as well as explore others potentials of the design. However, sometimes due to the lack of software skills and knowledges, it might drive us back and did not allow us to fully represent our design ideas. But thanks to my tutor, she always shared and spent her valuable time guiding and teaching us in digital modelling ae well as giving us useful suggestion.

Moving on our prototype and feedback we got from module 2, it helped me explore the transition of how to use the fabrication techniques to make a real model from initial design and digital model. By adjusting the digital model, it gave me a preview of how the final outcome would look like. And the computation tools such as laser cut has helped us a lot in cutting the complex details and good edges most importantly it save us a lot of time during the fabrication process. However, the material that we chose polypropylene panels have special material characteristic which is difficult to join them together. With this experience, I learned that testing our design on physical model is very important, it helped us quickly understand the problem and allow us to come up with better solution.

Overall, we have successfully completed and produced a second skin model with facing and going through different problems especially in fabrication process.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Asperl et al, 2007, Surfaces that can be built from paper/ In H.Pottmann, A.Asperl,M.Hofer,A.Kilian (eds) Architectural Geometry, p534-561, Bentley Institute Press Cheng.R. 2008. Inside Rhinoceres 4/ Ron K.C. Cheng. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson/Delmar Leraning, c2008.

Enric Miralles, Carme Pinos, 1988/1991, “How to lay out a croissant” El Croquis 49/50 Enric Miralles, Carme Pinos, En Construccion pp.240-241 Health, A.,Heath, D., & Jensen, A. (2000). 300 years of industrial design: function, form, technique, 1700 – 2000/ Adrian Heath, Ditte Heath, Aage Lund Jensen.

New York: Watson Kolarevic, B 2003, Architecture in the Digital Age – Design and Manufacturing / Branko Kolarevic. Spon Press, London.

Marble, S, 2008. Building the Future: Recasting Labor in Architecture/ Philip Bernstein, Peggy Deamer. Princeton Architectural Press.pp38-42 Sommer, R. 1969. Personal Space: the behavioral basis of design/ Robert Sommer. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, c1969, A Scheurer, F. and Stehling, H. 2011: Lost in Parameter Space? IAD: Architectural Design, Wiley, 81 4. July, pp.70.79 Rifkin, J 2001, The Third Industrial Revolution. Palgrave Macmillan. pp107-126

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CREDITS

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DIGITAL DESIGN + FABRICATION SM1, 2017

GORGEOUS PROTECTION

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