Social Operative Infrastructure. Part 2

INFRAESTRUCTURAS SOCIALES

SOCIAL OPERATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE WATER SUPPLY NETWORK AS AGENT OF URBAN RENEWAL

2

EUGENIO SIMONETTI - TOMAS FOLCH

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A CARGO DE: EUGENIO SIMONETTI, MAUD 2008 Harvard University TOMAS FOLCH, MLAUD 2012 Harvard University INVESTIGADOR ASOCIADO/EDITOR 2020 NICOLAS KERSTING, MID - Ciudad y Territorio 2018 Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez 4

SOCIAL OPERATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE WATER SUPPLY NETWORK AS AGENT OF URBAN RENEWAL

5

2019 - 2020 Marzo 2019 - Junio 2019 / Taller Quinto Semestre Design Lab / 24 alumnos de Pregrado / Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez. Santiago de Chile.

Tomas Folch / Co Director CEP Design Lab UAI / MLAUD Harvard University 2012 Eugenio Simonetti / Profesor Design Lab UAI / MAUD Harvard University 2008.

Nicolas Kersting / Asistente Agosto 2019 - Enero 2020 / 1404 Studio Option / 12 alumnos de Postgrado/ Harvard Graduate School of Design. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Eugenio Simonetti / Design Critic in Landscape Architecture / Harvard Graduate School of Design Tomas Folch / Design Critic n Landscape Architecture / Harvard Graduate School of Design Simon Escabi / Teacher Assistant STU 1404 Agradecimientos La creación de esta investigación y publicación contó con el apoyo y compromiso de numerosas persona e instituciones como Aguas Andinas y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, quisiéramos agradecer el apoyo en particular de: Anita Berrizbeitia, Chair of the Department of Landscape Architecture at Harvard Graduate School of Design.

Alberto Blanco Marenco, Director de Ingeniería y Desarrollo Sustentable de Aguas Andinas.

Sandra Andreu, Chief Marketing and Innovation Office at Suez, Felipe Vera, Consultor del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.

Luis Valenzuela, Fundador del Centro de Inteligencia Territorial de la Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez Marcela Renteria, Executive Director of the Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies.

6

2019 - 2020 March 2019 - June 2019 / Studio Design Lab / 24 Undergraduate students / Adolfo Ibañez University. Santiago de Chile.

Tomas Folch / Co Director CEP Design Lab UAI / MLAUD Harvard University 2012 Eugenio Simonetti / Professor Design Lab UAI / MAUD Harvard University 2008.

Nicolas Kersting / Assistant August 2019 - January 2020 / 1404 Studio Option / 12 Postgraduate students / Harvard Graduate School of Design. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Eugenio Simonetti / Design Critic in Landscape Architecture / Harvard Graduate School of Design.

Tomas Folch / Design Critic n Landscape Architecture / Harvard Graduate School of Design Simon Escabi / Teacher Assistant STU 1404.

Acknowledgments The creation of this research and publication had the support and commitment of numerous individuals and institutions such as Aguas Andinas and the Inter-American Development Bank. We would like to thank in particular the support of: Anita Berrizbeitia, Chair of the Department of Landscape Architecture at Harvard Graduate School of Design.

Alberto Blanco Marenco, Director of Engineering and Sustainable Development of Aguas Andinas.

Sandra Andreu, Chief Marketing and Innovation Office at Suez, Felipe Vera, Consultant at the Inter-American Development Bank.

Luis Valenzuela, Territorial Intelligence Center of the Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez Marcela Renteria, Executive Director of the Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies.

7

ÍNDICE

01 02 03

CASOS GLOBALES Referentes globales de proyectos de infraestructura operatia hídrica TALLER DE LA GRÁN ESCALA DesignLab UAI 2019

146

TALLER HARVARD GSD 1404 Infraestructura , Social Operativa sobre la red de agua potable

182

CONCLUSIONES

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10

294

INDEX

01

GLOBAL CASE STUDIES Global reference projects on operative infrastructure

02

URBANISM STUDIO UAI DesignLab UAI 2019

146

03

HARVARD GSD STUDIO1404 Social Oprative Infrastructure, water models in Chile

182

CONCLUSIONS

10

294

9

01 10

Anรกlisis de casos globales

Global Case Studies 105

Casos de Estudios Se estudiaron 12 casos relacionados con infraestructuras del agua operativa en distintas escalas urbanas los cuales construyen diversos ejemplos de propuestas ecológicas tales como recolectar y tratar el agua de manera sostenible, disminuir los riesgos de inundación, reducir la isla de calor urbana y promover el transporte de peatones y bicicletas uniendo revitalizando sector deteriorados.

El Chulalongkorn Centenary Park o El Parque Centenario de la Universidad Chulalongkorn es un gran sistema de filtración urbano ubicado en un gran campus universitario en el centro de Bangkok, El parque está diseñado con un gran techo verde que enfrenta una gran parque en pendiente que “ralentiza” la absorción del agua lluvia que converge en 2 humedales escalonados que oxigenan el agua drenan en un gran estanque de agua en la parte inferior.

Amager Bakke Waste to Energy, Copenhagen, Dinamarca de Bjarke Ingels, es una planta combinada de energía y residuos de energia abierta el 2017 donde se queman 400.000 toneladas de residuos sólidos urbanos producidos por 500.000-700.000 habitantes y 46 empresas anualmente. La planta recupera más agua de la que consume a través de la condensación de 100 millones de litros de agua y 100.000 toneladas de cenizas las cuales se usan en pavimentación reemplazando la gravilla. El diseño se base en una pendiente inclinada de 85 metros de alto donde se practica ski en invierno y senderismo en verano con maravillosas vistas sobre la ciudad, produce más agua limpia que la que utiliza para el manejo de residuos, es la planta de incineración más limpia del mundo.

Entre los proyectos más especulativos encontramos el Living Breakwater, Staten Island, USA el cual fue concebido para conectar la resiliencia física, social y ecológica. La propuesta es un “collar” de rompeolas en alta mar que reducirá el riesgo, revivirá las ecologías y conectará a los residentes y educadores con la costa sureste de Staten Island.

The Dry Line, New York, USA de Bjarke Ingels, donde se prevé un sistema de protección de 10 kilómetros que rodea Manhattan, la cual da protección para la ciudad contra las inundaciones y el agua propia de las lluvias, mientras que simultáneamente proporciona ámbitos públicos específicos a las necesidades de las diversas comunidades de la ciudad arraigada en las comunidades locales.

El Buffalo Bayou Promenade en Houston, USA de SWA, se constituye como un ejemplo de proyecto público privado para revitalizar un sector deteriorado borde del río Bayou y convertirlo en sistema de 24 km de ciclovías y senderos conectadas al centro de Houston Las Unidades de Vida Articulada en Medellín, Colombia donde se desarrolló un trabajo en conjunto entre la Empresa Pública de Medellín donde al desarrollar un plan maestro de iluminación se revelaron zonas oscuras en la ciudad donde se ubican más de 114 Estanques de agua que alguna vez fueron construidos en las afueras de la ciudad y hoy se encuentran emplazados en medio de las poblaciones. se escogieron 14 como zonas críticas para otorgar 106

Global case studies Twelve cases related to operational water infrastructures at different urban scales were studied, which build various examples of ecological proposals such as collecting and treating water in a sustainable way, reducing flood risks, reducing the urban heat island and promoting the transport of water. pedestrians and bicycles uniting and revitalizing a deteriorated urban sector.

The Chulalongkorn Centenary Park or Centennial Park of Chulalongkorn University is a large urban filtration system located on a large university campus in central Bangkok.

The park is designed with a large green roof that faces a large sloping park that “slows down ”The absorption of rainwater that converges in 2 stepped wetlands that oxygenate the water drain into a large pond of water at the bottom.

Amager Bakke Waste to Energy, Copenhagen, Denmark by Bjarke Ingels, is a combined energy and waste plant opened in 2017 where 400,000 tons of urban solid waste produced by 500,000-700,000 residents and 46 companies are burned annually. The plant recovers more water than it consumes through the condensation of 100 million liters of water and 100,000 tons of ash which are used in paving replacing the gravel. The design is based on a sloping slope of 85 meters high where skiing is practiced in winter and hiking in summer with wonderful views over the city, it produces more clean water than the one used for waste management, it is the most incineration plant clean the world.

Among the most speculative projects we find the Living Breakwater, Staten Island, USA which was conceived to connect physical, social and ecological resilience. The proposal is an offshore breakwater “necklace” that will reduce risk, revive ecologies and connect residents and educators to the southeast coast of Staten Island.

The Dry Line, New York, USA by Bjarke Ingels, where a 10 kilometer protection system is envisaged that surrounds Manhattan, which provides protection for the city against floods and rainwater, while simultaneously providing public settings specific to the needs of the diverse communities of the city rooted in local communities.

SWA’s Buffalo Bayou Promenade in Houston, USA, constitutes an example of a public-private project to revitalize a deteriorated sector on the edge of the Bayou River and turn it into a 24 km system of bicycle paths and trails connected to downtown Houston.

The Articulated Life Units in Medellín, Colombia where a joint work was carried out between the Public Company of Medellín where when developing a lighting master plan, dark areas were revealed in the city where more than 114 water ponds are located that were once built on the outskirts of the city and today they are located in the middle of the towns.

14 were chosen as critical areas to provide quality public spaces.

Love Water, Sydney, Australia is presented as an educational and informative program for the citizens of Sydney which encourages the use of tap water in restaurants and cafes (with stickers on the facade as a marketing tool) and good management of resources by part of 107

espacios públicos de calidad.

Love Water, Sydney, Australia se presenta como un programa educacional e informativo para los ciudadanos de Sydney el cual fomenta el uso del agua de la llave en restaurantes y café (con stickers en la fachada como herramienta de marketing) y buen manejo del recursos por parte de los ciudadanos quienes pueden hacer sus propias campañas publicitarias y subirlas a la red con incentivos económicos financiados por la Empresa de Agua Potable.

El Perlan landmark building, Reykjavik, Islandia, un edificio diseñado en 1991 que funciona como un Centro Cultural, Planetario, mirador 360 grados de la ciudad montando sobre 6 tanques de agua caliente donde cada uno contiene 4 millones de litros de agua caliente proveniente de fuentes geotérmicas, los cuales fueron construidos el año 1939 a 38 msnm para obtener la presión suficiente para poder entregar el agua caliente a un edificio de 10 pisos.

Marina Barrage en Singapore es una represa construida a lo largo del Canal Marina de 350 metros de ancho para mantener fuera el agua de mar, creando una superficie de captación de 10.000 hectáreas. El proyecto funciona como una fuente de suministro de agua, control de inundaciones y un lugar para la atracción del estilo de vida. El agua de la cuenca local es una de los cuatro fuentes de agua potable en conjunto con el agua importada, agua lluvia y agua desalinizada.

El Parco Dora en Torino, Italia de Latz + Partners se encuentra emplazado en el antiguo terreno industrial donde se encontraba la fábrica de acero de Fiat Ferriere Piemontese y neumáticos Michelin en Torino las cuales cerraron en 1980 dejando grandes “bolsillos” de zonas urbanas en el centro de la ciudad. El parque compromete 5 etapas donde destaca la torre refrigeración Michelini se convirtió en un depósito de aguas lluvias y en una planta de manejo para limpiar el agua del canal y el río para riego del mismo parque las cuales trabajan en conjunto con rampas, pasarelas en un parque de 45 Ha. Water Square en Benthemplein, Rotterdam, Holanda se diseñó como una plaza del agua y construyó como un gran espacio público tipo plaza dura de 9.000m2 que contiene 3 áreas tipo piscinas que se inundan con lluvias fuertes pero que están secas la mayor parte del año permitiendo actividades recreacionales en su interior. Una plaza antes vacía y aburrida acoge tres grandes áreas de retención de aguas pluviales que, cuando no llueve, se convierten en anfiteatros, canchas de baloncesto y voleibol o concavidades para practicar el monopatín.

Finalmente se analizó el Berne Park en Alemania, donde este está emplazado el Emscher park con una área de 800 km 2 en la región de Ruhr, una antigua zona de minas de carbón alemanas que se reciclo completamente entre 1989 y 1999 donde Piet Oudolf rediseño una antigua planta de tratamiento de agua potable como una plaza pública y hotel en el pequeño pueblo de Bottrop, Alemania.

108

the citizens who can make their own advertising campaigns and upload them to the network with economic incentives financed by the Potable Water Company.

The Perlan landmark building, Reykjavik, Iceland, a building designed in 1991 that works as a Cultural Center, Planetarium, 360 degree viewpoint of the city, mounting on 6 hot water tanks where each contains 4 million liters of hot water from sources geothermal, which were built in 1939 at 38 masl to obtain sufficient pressure to deliver hot water to a 10-story building.

The Marina Barrage in Singapore is a dam built along the 350-meter-wide Marina Canal ​​ hectares. The project functions as to keep out seawater, creating a catchment area of 10,000 a source of water supply, flood control and a place for lifestyle attraction. The water in the local basin is one of the four sources of drinking water in conjunction with imported water, rainwater and desalinated water.

Latz + Partners’ Parco Dora in Torino, Italy is located on the former industrial site where the Fiat Ferriere Piemontese steel factory was located and Michelin tires in Torino which ​​ The park involves 5 closed in 1980 leaving large “pockets” of urban areas in the city center. stages where the Michelini cooling tower stands out, it became a rainwater tank and a management plant to clean the canal and river water for irrigation of the same park, which work together with ramps, walkways in a park of 45 Ha. Water Square in Benthemplein, Rotterdam, The Netherlands was designed as a water plaza and built as a large 9,000m2 hard plaza type public space containing 3 pool type areas that are flooded with heavy rain but are dry most of the year allowing recreational activities inside. A previously empty and boring plaza houses three large stormwater retention areas that, when it doesn’t rain, become amphitheatres, basketball and volleyball courts, or concavities for skateboarding.

Finally, the Berne Park in Germany was analyzed, where it is located the Emscher park ​​ km 2 in the Ruhr region, an old area of German ​​ coal mines that was with an area of 800 completely recycled between 1989 and 1999 where Piet Oudolf redesigned a former drinking water treatment plant as a public square and hotel in the small town of Bottrop, Germany.

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B

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13° 44' 12.1812'' N 100° 31' 23.4696'' E

Metropolitan Waterworks Authority (MWA) Headquarters

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E

EST. 1967 UNDER MWA ACT

M

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SQ

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12

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5

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Taksin Waterworks Division

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Bangkhen Waterworks Division

Minburi Waterworks Division

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3

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10

7 +

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1

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RES

PONSIBLE AREA 3, 1

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0km

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80km

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160km

CITY AREA : 1,568.7 SQ. KM. CITY ALTITUDE : 1.496568M *SINKING AT A RATE OF 2 CM EVERY YEAR

+

240km

+

+

320km

14,000,000

+

480km

400km

POPULATION 2019 10,350,204

1 0 0

SEP

SEASONAL PRECIPITATION

2,000,000

110

4 0 0

JUN

6,000,000

1940

3 0 0

MAR

10,000,000

0

2 0 0

DEC 1960

1980

2000

2020

2040

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A

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K

13°44'21.5"N 100°31'28.9"E THEME : STORMWATER

PARK’S UNITS OF CAPACITY

THREE RAIN WATER TANKS ONSITE 950M3

WETLANDS 610M3

RETENTION POND 1800M3

TOTAL PARK WATER CAPACITY = 1 MILLION GALLON THAT IS SET TO A 50 YEAR FLOOD.

FLOW OF WATER FOLLOWS THE PARK’S TOPOGRAPHY

DETENTION MAIN LAWN

GREEN ROOF

DETENTION ACTIVITY

111

COPENHAGEN | Kimberley Huggins

Population: 777,218 Density: 4,400/km2 Annual water supply: 50 million m3 /year

Daily water supply: 100l/cap/day City Altitude: 14 m above sea level City Area: 86.4km2

Cloudburst 2011: >150mm in two hours - 12.96 million m3 in two hours Water abstraction 55km from city center

Average annual rainfall: 1164mm Driest month: February, 76mm Wettest month: November, 121mm

AMAGER BAKKE

Completion date: 2017 Technology: Combined heat and power incineration

Project cost: $611 million Waste throughput: 350,000 tonnes/year Energy generation: approx. 11.5MJ/kg/line

Emissi approx Heat o

GROUNDWATER

400,000 TONNES OF WASTE PER YEAR

COPENHAGEN

Groundwater well fields Transportation line Water works

HEAT OUTPUT 160,000 HOUSEHOLDS PER YEAR

INTERNATIONAL TARIFF RATES (US$/M3) Caracas, Venezuela Shanghai, China Lima, Peru Sao Paulo, Brazil Seul, Korea Rome, Italy Santiago, Chile Moscow, Rusia Cape Town, South Africa Athens, Greece Montevideo, Uruguay Stockholm, Sweden Madrid, Spain Washington D.C., USA Mexico City, Mexico London, Great Britain Paris, France Ottawa, Canada Copenhagen, Denmark Sydney, Australia Berline, Germany Oslo, Norway

112

ELECTRICITY OUTPUT 62,5000 HOUSEHOLDS PER YEA

WATER ABSTRACTION

55 km

1.39

WELL

GROUNDWATER

5.33

WATER SUPPLY PLANT - Aeration - Filtration

WATER TANK

CUSTOMERS

ENJOY

s

r

AR

Natural Coast Sandy Coast Beach, bathing zone, bath house, harbour bath Drinking fountains

Bath House

Bathing Zone

DIRECT & POOL

Harbor Bath

Mixed Intervention Roads

DIRECT

Cloudburst Roads 60,000 - 200,000 m3 30,000 - 60,000 m3 8,584 - 30,000 m3 0 - 8,584 m3

POOL

COMPONENTS 0. Tipping Hall 1. Bunker Hall 2. Control Room 3. Incinerator 4. Superheater 5. Economizer

DELAY & SPONGE

Electricity output/year: 62.500 households Building area: 12,600 sq. m.

Delay Roads

DELAY

Green Roads

6. Feed Water Tank 7. Air-Cooled Condensers 8. Turbine & Generator 9. Power Transformers 10. Baghouse Filter 11. Wet Scrubbers 12. Water Treatment 13. Condensing Unit

SPONGE

14. Selective Catalytic Reduction Filter 15. Induced Draft Fan & Chimney 16. Emissions Control Station 17. Sampling Station 18. Storage Silos 19. Automation 20. Switchgear Equipment 21. Emergency Diesel 22. Lockup/Storage

WASTEWATER

ion control: x. 97,068,767 CO2 kg/year output: 160,000 households

Beach

Recreational Coast

Watershed to Lynetten WWTP Watershed to Damhusaen WWTP Effluent Wastewater Pumping Station Separate Sewage System Wastewater Treatment Plant

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City Tunnel 2

Water supply

Silver Lake Park (Underground Storage Tanks) Capacity: 0.4M cubic meters

Pump Station Waterbody Water Supply Route

Wastewater Stormwater

Port Richmond Sewershed Capacty:60 MGD Population served: 198,128

Oakwood Beach Sewershed Capacty:39.9 MGD Population served: 244,918

Wastewater treatment Plant Drainage area to CSO outfall CSO outfall Draiage area to MS4 outfall MS4 outfall Interceptor

114

Draiage area to MS4 outfall MS4 outfall Interceptor

Bluebelt System

Bluebelt System

Bluebelt Drainage are

LIVING BREAKWATERS SOUTH SHORE STATEN ISLAND

Water Hubs schools Breakwater

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Engaging School Sand Dunes Water Hub

Living Shore

116

eline

Kayak Launch

Intertidal Breakwater

117

THE NEW YORK CITY WATER SUPPLY NETWORK 2.081.976.481 M3 Water Total NYC reservoir system capacity RESERVOIRS AQUEDUCT LINES WATTER SUPPLY TUNNELS WATTER SUPPLYT MAINS

70

60

50

Km

Km

Km

New York City 2

783.8 Km 3.811.909 M Water consumption 0.45 M3 Water consumption

40

0 to+10M a.s.l Urban Surface 8,398,748 population (2018) per day Per person per day

30

Km 20

10

Hillview reservoir +389 M a.s.l.

Km

Km

Km

Croton aque

3.406.870 M 3 Water

duct

Kensico reservoir +107 M a.s.l.

180.000.000 M3 Water

118

Newcroton reservoir +59 M a.s.l.

72.000.000 M3 Water

r

18

0K

m

Cannonsville reservoir +350 M a.s.l.

362.000.000 M3 Water

17

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16

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Pepacton reservoir +389 M a.s.l.

529.957.649 M3 Water

m

11

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90

Km

Catskills watershed

Km

Schohaire reservoir +344 M a.s.l.

67.000.000 M3 Water

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Roundout reservoir +255 M a.s.l.

188.000.000 M3 Water

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Neversink reservoir +438 M a.s.l.

132.000.000 M3 Water

10

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Ashokan reservoir +179 M a.s.l.

465.605.649 M3 Water

Croton watershed

119

THE ISLAND OF MANHATTAN AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO WATER THE CITY OF NEW YORK SOURCES ITS WATER IN TWO FAR AWAY CATCH BASINS. THE WATER IS TRANSPORTED TO THE CITY THROUGH A COMPLEX AQUEDUCT SYSTEM THAT HAS VERY HIGH STANDARDS FOR WATER TREATMENT. THIS WATER IS USED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION, INDUSTRY AND TO SUPPLY A ROBUST DISTRIC STEAM NETWORK. THE RELEASE OF USED AND EXCESS WATER TO THE RIVERS IS DONE WITH FAR LESS STRICT TREATMENT PROTOCOLS.

THE WATER FROM THE NEW YORK CITY AQUEDUCTS ARRIVES AT THE HILLVIEW RESERVOIR WHERE IT IS DISTRIBUTED TO THE CITY THROUGH

3 SUPPLY TUNNELS. TUNNELS 1

AND 3 FEED WATER INTO THE MANHATTAN MAIN NETWORK FROM WHERE IT IS FINALLY DISTRIBUTED TO THE INDIVIDUAL RESIDENCES AND BUSINESSES

WATER SUPPLY NETWORK TUNNELS AND WATER ORIGINE ZONES

CITY TUNNEL No 3

CATSKILLS / DELAWARE WATER DISTRIBUTION AREA

CITY TUNNEL No 1

CROTON WATER DISTRIBUTION AREA MIXED DISTRIBUTION AREA

AQUEDUCT LINES

CITY TUNNEL No 2

TUNNEL SECTIONS SERVING THE ISLAND OF MANHATTAN WATER TUNNEL SECTIONS SERVING OTHER AREAS OF NEW YORK CITY

THE CONSOLIDATED EDISON NEW YORK CITY STEAM SYSTEM IS THE BIGGEST IN THE WORLD. IT IS BIGGER THAN THE NEXT NINE COMBINED. THE STEAM IS CREATED BOILING NYC AQUEDUCT WATER BY BURNING MOSTLY NATURAL GAS IN

WATER DISTRIBUTION MAINS

THEIR 4 COGENERATION PLANTS. THIS STEAM IS USED TO GENER-

ATE ELECTRICITY, HEATING, AND COOLING. IN OTHER CASES IT IS USED BY MUSEUMS TO MAINTAIN HUMIDITY LEVELS IN THE AIR AND BY RESTAURANTS AND HOSPITALS TO SANITIZE. IN MANHATTAN THE STEAM SYSTEM HAS ARROUND 1600 CLIENTS

STEAM SUPPLY SYSTEM AND COGENERATION PLANTS

East 74th Street Station 59th Street Station

STEAM NETWORK

60th Street Station STEAM COGENERATION PLANT

East River Station

3

North River wastewater plant

643.520 M3 per day

SEWERSHEDS, SEWER NETWORK, AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS 3

Wards Island wastewater plant

1.040.988 M3 per day

2

3 1

SEWERSHED INSIDE OF THE MANHATTAN ISLAND

1 1

SEWERSHED EXTENDING BEYOND THE MANHATTAN ISLAND

Newton Creek wastewater plant

1.173.477 M3 per day

THE SEWER MANAGEMENT IN MANHATTAN IS DONE THROUGH A NETWORK OF PIPES THAT RUN UNDER THE STREETS. FROM THIS NETWORK THE SEWER GOES TO THE MAIN LINES WHICH ARE LOCATED IN THE PERIMETER OF THE ISLAND AND DIRECT THE WASTEWATER TO THE THREE TREATMENT PLANTS THAT PROCESS MANHATTAN’S WATER. FINALLY, THE WATER

1

MAYOR SEWE LINES

SEWER NETWORK

1 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS

WITH A 85% MINIMUM REMOVAL OF SUSPENDED SOLIDS AND CARBONACEOUS BIOCHEMICALS IS RELEASED INTO THE STREAM AND RIVER SYSTEM ARROUND THE PLANTS.

COMBINED - SEPARATE SEWER AND CSO SEWER AND RAINWATER ARE NOT MANAGED INDEPENDENTLY IN MANHATTAN. BOTH TYPES OF WATER RUN THROUGH THE SAME SYSTEM IN THE MAJORITY OF THE ISLAND WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE PERIMETER WHICH IS CONFORMED BY PARKS, PEERS AND HIGHWAYS WHERE THE RAINWATER DRAIN DIRECTLY TO THE HUDSON AND EAST RIVER. DURING AN ENVIRONMENTAL EVENT SUCH AS A STORM OR A PROLONGED RAIN SEASON THE COMBINED WASTE AND SEWER COLLECTION SYSTEM CAN COLLAPSE. IN THESE CASES,

THE WATER IS RELEASED DIRECTLY TO THE HUDSON THE EAST RIVER WITHOUT ANY TREATMENT THROUGH COMBINED SEWER

OUTLETS (CSO)

120

COMBINED DIRECT DRAINAGE OTHER

CSO LOCATION AND VOLUME OF DISCHARGE 699-1048 315-698 122-314 35-121 0-34

THE DRY LINE The Dry Line, also called the Big U, is a competition entry designed by BIG Architecture for the Rebuild by Design initiative of the United States government, to protect the city of New York against sea level rise and storm flooding. The project creates a perimetral sea wall that encloses the lower part of Manhattan.

Although this type of infrastructure is not innovative in any way, the project thickens the wall to create an integrated project where the wall is operativised and is part of the public realm and not just on top of it.

Activity remains in its original state. No new dynamics are created

Introduction of traditional infrastructure that acts as an apendix to the site and establishes no relation with the context other than complishing a task. in this aspect it constitudes a unidirectional intervention.

The new infrastructure permits the protected site to continue operating without interruption.

INFRASTRUCTURE Is constituted by a traditional approach that inserts unarticulated pieces of infrastructure that in order to accomplish a specific purpose might rupture positive stablished dynamics of the site and impose a hierarchy of value of the unprotected and protected areas.

ADDI TION CURR AL 14FT SEAW ENT WAT ALL CURR ERFR ENT ONT SEA LEVE LEVE L L

EVENT

DAY TO DAY The activity is either transformed or multiplied.

Introduction of an operative infrastructure that is infused into the existing site and creates new dynamics.

The new infrastructure permits the protected site to continue operating without interruption.

OPERATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE Is constituted by adding design elements to the traditional infrastructure and through this create a les divisive intervention that bolsters positive existing dynamics and create new ones. Both the protected and unprotected sides of the site are benefitted by this type of intervention.

ADDI TION AL 14 CURR FT SE ENT AWAL WAT CURR L ERFR ENT ONT SEA LEVE LEVE L L

EVENT

DAY TO DAY

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100°20'0"W

100°15'0"W

100°10'0"W

100°5'0"W

31°40'0"N

31°20'0"N

31°30'0"N

31°35'0"N

31°15'0"N 31°10'0"N

LAKE LIVINGSTON +39m 2.16 km3 3051041 m3/day

31°15'0"N

30°55'0"N

31°20'0"N

31°0'0"N

31°25'0"N

31°5'0"N

Walker County

31°10'0"N

Montgomery County

31°0'0"N

30°40'0"N

31°5'0"N

30°45'0"N

30°50'0"N

LAKE CONROE +61m 0.53 km3 227124 m3/day

TRINITY RIVER 3051041 m3/day

Liberty County

30°50'0"N

30°30'0"N

30°55'0"N

30°35'0"N

SAN JACINTO RIVER 3051041 m3/day

30°35'0"N

30°15'0"N

SAN JACINTO RIVER 3051041 m3/day

BRAYS BAYOU 3051041 m3/day ALLENS CREEK RESERVOIR +36m 227124 m3/day

Chambers County

EWPP 1324894 m3/day

CITY OF HOUSTON +32m 1732 km2 2.313 million popula�on

30°25'0"N

30°5'0"N

Aus�n County

30°40'0"N

NEWPP 302832.94272 m3/day

Harris County

BUFFALO BAYOU 3051041 m3/day

30°30'0"N

30°25'0"N 30°20'0"N

CYPRESS CREEK 3051041 m3/day

30°45'0"N

LAKE HOUSTON +13m 0.20 km3 567811 m3/day

Waller County

30°10'0"N

100°0'0"W

31°45'0"N

31°25'0"N

101°35'0"W

SEWPP 757082 m3/day

30°0'0"N

30°20'0"N

Fort Bend County

water intake spot

30°15'0"N

29°55'0"N

Surface and Ground Water Supply Waterbody

30°10'0"N

29°50'0"N

Wharton County

Reservoirs and Lakes

30°5'0"N

29°45'0"N

Groundwater Well for Public Supply Brazoria County

30°0'0"N

29°40'0"N

Water Transporta�on Direc�on (Mostly by river/canal) Drinking Water Purifica�on Plant

29°55'0"N

7.5

29°30'0"N

Scale 1:300,000

3.75

0

7.5

15

22.5

30

29°50'0"N

29°35'0"N

Popula�on 2.313 million Daily Water Supply Matagorda County 6208075325.76 m3 Kilometers 5

2.5

0

5

10

15

20 Miles

101°0'0"W

122

Galveston County

BRAZOS RIVER

Canals and Rivers

100°55'0"W

100°50'0"W

100°45'0"W

100°40'0"W

100°35'0"W

100°30'0"W

100°25'0"W

100°20'0"W

100°15'0"W

100°10'0"W

100°5'0"W

100°0'0"W

99°55'0"W

99°50'0"W

99°45'0"W

99°40'0"W

99°35'0"W

99°30'0"W

Walker County

LAKE CONROE +61m

TRINITY RIVER SAN JACINTO RIVER Montgomery County

Liberty County

Waller County

LAKE HOUSTON +13m

CYPRESS CREEK

SAN JACINTO RIVER GREENS BAYOU HALLS BAYOU Harris County

WHITE OAK BAYOU

BUFFALO BAYOU

HUNTING BAYOU

HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL BRAYS BAYOU

Chambers County

HOUSTON +32m SIMS BAYOU

Fort Bend County

BRAZOS RIVER

Wastewater Treatment Wastewater Treatment Plant

Galveston County

Treated Water Discharge Ou�all Major Waterways Reservoir

Brazoria County

Waterbody

Annual Precipita�on 1264 mm Climate Disaster: Hurricane

Matagorda County

123

Walker County

TRINITY RIVER SAN JACINTO RIVER Montgomery County

Liberty County

Waller County

SPRING CREEK

WILLOW CREEK

GREENS BAYOU

SAN JACINTO RIVER

CEDAR BAYOU

HUNTING BAYOU

Harris County

CARPENTERS BAYOU WHITE OAK BAYOU

ADDICKS RESERVOIR

Drains to Galveston Bay through San Jacinto River

BUFFALO BAYOU BARKER RESERVOIR

Drains to Galveston Bay through Houston Ship Channel (Buffalo Bayou)

BRAYS BAYOU

Chambers County

Drains to Galveston Bay

ARMAND BAYOU

Drains to Galveston Bay

CLEAR CREEK

Fort Bend County

BRAZOS RIVER

Stormwater, Flooding and Management Resevoir Flood Storage

Galveston County

Drains Natrual Overflow Waterbody/Waterways in normal circumstance 100 Year Flood Plain 500 Year Flood Plain Hurricane Influence Area Annual Precipita�on 1264 mm Climate Disaster: Hurricane

Matagorda County

124

Brazoria County

WATER WORKS AND CISTERN

RESERVOIR

T R A NS P O R T A T I O N T H R O U G H C A NA L S + P I P E S

PU

ST

OR

AG

RI

FIC

AT

IO

N

E

WATER PURIFICATION

MAJOR WATER TANK

PUMP STATION

DI

ST

RI

BU

TI

ON

CISTERN

BUFFALO BAYOU PARK HOUSTON

125

126

127

Sydney Regional Water Systems

!

Lower Cascade Dam

"!

Cascades Dam and Treatment System

Upper Cascade Dam

Greaves Creek Dam

"

North Richmond Treatment System

!

! !

!

" "

""

2,027,000,000 m3 180m above sea level

!

50,500,000 m3 capacity 300m above sea level

85% ! !

Upper Tunnel

Warragamba Dam and Treatment System

Warragamba Dam

!

!r o s p e c t R e s e r v o i r P and Treatment System

Warragamba Pipe 27 km, 2.1m and 3m diameter 2,600,000 cubic meter/ day Built 1969

!

1,500,000 m3 waste ! !

!

!

105,000 m3 recycled

64km, 130 yrs old gravity system, mostly canals and aqueducts, 0.1% grade, 4.1 m3 / sec max

!

58m above sea level Metro: 5,230,000 people // 12,367 km2 City proper: 240,500 people // 25km2

!

! ! "

164 m3 per day to metro .324 m3 / day / person

!!

!

60-80%

Sydney

Woronora Dam

Kurnell Desalination Plant 8km pipeline, 1,422mm twin pipe 250,000 m3 per day

Legend River Lines

15-30% !

Nepean Dam and T r e a t m e n t N eSp eyasn tDea mm

Pipelines

Legend

""

"

Sydney Boundaries River Lines

Pipelines Built up areas

Cataract Dam

" "

"

Shoalhaven River

Avon Dam

"

!

"

! !!

Illawara Dams and Treatment System

!

!

!

Wingecarribee

!

Reservoir

Dams, 1880s

Cordeaux and Upper Canal open

Dams and Reservoirs Desalination Center

Wasteflow and recycling flow Water

50,000 meters

Sydney Water est., 1888 25,000

Waste, 1950s 50,000 meters

Sydney Water established

Northhead waste and water management system built

Desalination Plant, 2007 Plan released for Kurnell Plant, 250 millionL - 500 millionL /day, plant opens in 2010, closes, and reopens in 2019

Waste, 1993 Dams, 1950s

Nepean and Hawkesbury Dam built out

1920

Dams, 1960

Warragamba Dam opens

Prospect Treatment plant opens, services 85% of Sydney Metro

1970

500,000

Great Depression, 1920s

people 1901

Several dam projects stall

2020

Drought 1907-1911

people 1950

Waste, 1993

Trade Waste Policy created

506

L/person/day 1999

people 2019

people 2011

State goal of 85 L/person/day

Millenium Drought 2000-2011

5,230,000

4,391,674

people 2000

1,696,000

Water Price, 2016 Regulatory agency IPART drops price by 13%

2000 3,664,000

Reservoir, 1888

128

Waste Treatment Plants

Desalination Dam Pump Center

50,000 meters 25,000

1880 Prospect Reservoir opens, still in use

Water Recycling Plants

Dam Pump

Water flow

25,000 0

History of Water and Waste

0

Storage Tanks

Waste Treatment Plants

Dams and Reservoirs

!

North

North

Water

Water Recycling Plants

Waste and recycling flow

North 0

Built up areas

Water Treatment Plant

Regional Catchment Area " Water Water Treatment Tanks Plant " Storage

"

!

Cordeaux Dam

Sydney Boundaries Regional Catchment Area

329

L/person/day 2011

210

L/person/day 2018

Drought

2015-present

Sydney Local Water Systems In Sydney proper, a 2012 Master Plan outlines the projected increase in demand for potable water and the various strategies Sydney can employ to meet its needs sustainably. Much of the strategy involved using non-potable water for uses that do not require such standards -- such as watering landscapes, industrial uses, and toilet water. Other tactics focused on increasing public awareness and selfmonitoring as well as decentralized methods of rainwater collection and natural stormwater filtering.

However, a recent survey showed that 47% of people were unaware of the current drought, indicating that there is more room for collaboration with the public.

Water distribution network

150.000,000m waste water distributed to one of 16 plants 3

105,000m3 recyclable water, 14 plants

Sewer network

85% of water comes from Prospect Reservoir and treatment plant

Thermal network

Water consumption by suburb (2014)

Sydney Local Goverment Area Parks Road Water distribution Thermal distribution Open canal Trigen location Storage tank Service Provisioning Site Flow of stormwater Stormwater capacity 0.1-0.5 0.5-1.0 1.0-25.0 Receiving water catchment

Potable consumption by suburb, 2014 4.6 - 5.0 kL 5.0 - 5.6 kL 5.6 - 6.0 kL 6.0 - 6.4 kL 6.4 - 7.0 kL

During Sydney Local drought, Goverment Area 250m3 / day piped from Kurnell Desalination Plant

Parks

Potable consumption by suburb, 2014 4.6 - 5.0 kL

Road

5.0 - 5.6 kL

Water distribution Thermal distribution Open canal

5.6 - 6.0 kL 6.0 - 6.4 kL

Trigen location

6.4 - 7.0 kL

Storage tank Service Provisioning Site

0

0.5

1

2 Miles

Flow of stormwater Stormwater capacity 0.1-0.5 0.5-1.0 1.0-25.0 Receiving water catchment

129

Sewage Plant

Man-Made Pond

Perlan

130

ICELAND

Karahnjukar Hydropower Dam

Halslon Reservoir

Perlan Hot Water Tank

Ellida River Sewage Plant / Man-made Pond

High Land

Piping Length Number of Pumping Stations Number of Treatment Plants Amount That Passes Through Treatment Plants Average Effluent Per Person Population City Area Average Precipitation Sea Level

Stream

Cold Water / Hot Water Works

1.000 km 35 15 70-80 Million Tons Per Year 270 Litres Per Day 123,000 200 Square km 0.13 MM Per Day 37 Meters Above

REYKJAVIK

131

Desalination : 10 %

Imported Water: 50 %

Reclaimed Water: 30 %

Rainfall: 50 % water demand: 1 million m^3 water demand 5.612 million people in singapore 0.17 m^3 per person daily total: 4,170,446 m^3/ day maximum capacity land size: 721 km^2 land: 98.57% water: 1.43% seasonal precipitation: Fall: 569. 6 mm Winter: 666 mm Spring: 496.3 mm Summer: 433 mm Northeast monsoon: November- March Southwest monsoon: June to September altitude: 15 m above sea level Reservoir <15m water: 7,000 km of waterways 32 major rivers 17 reservoirs

132

Tengeh Reservoir

Poyan Reservoir

Murai Reservoir

Sarimbun Reservoir

Kranji Reservoir

Restricted Area

Restricted Area

Restricted Area

Restricted Area

15,850,000 m^3

Singapore can draw up to 946,352 m^ 3 water a day from the Johor River, and Singapore is obliged to provide Johor with treated water up to 2% of the water they import. apporximately: 30. 6 km long

currently capturing approximately 946,352 m^ 3/ day through catchment areas

Local Catchment | Imported water 0

Jurong Lake

Pandan Reservoir

Upper Peirce Reservoir

70 ha

6.1 km

27,800,000 m^3

0.75

1.5

3

4.5

Kilometers 6

133 Upper Seletar Reservoir 6,781,176 m^3

5.612 million people in singapore 0.17 m^3 per person daily total: 4,170,446 m^3/ day maximum capacity land size: 721 km^2 land: 98.57% water: 1.43% seasonal precipitation: Fall: 569. 6 mm Winter: 666 mm Spring: 496.3 mm Summer: 433 mm Northeast monsoon: November- March Southwest monsoon: June to September

currently capturing approximately 946,352 m^ 3/ day through catchment areas

altitude: 15 m above sea level Reservoir <15m water:

Local Catchment | Imported water

7,000 km of waterways 32 major rivers 17 reservoirs

0

0.75

1.5

3

Kilometers 6

4.5

Tengeh Reservoir

Poyan Reservoir

Murai Reservoir

Sarimbun Reservoir

Kranji Reservoir

Jurong Lake

Pandan Reservoir

Upper Peirce Reservoir

Upper Seletar Reservoir

Restricted Area

Restricted Area

Restricted Area

Restricted Area

15,850,000 m^3

70 ha

6.1 km

27,800,000 m^3

6,781,176 m^3

Lower Peirce Reservoir

MacRitchie Reservoir

Lower Seletar Reservoir

2,800,000 m^3

4,200,000 m^3

9,400,000 m^3

Serangoon Reservoir

Punggol Reservoir

Reverse Osmosis

Marina Reservoir

Bedok Reservoir

240 ha

12,800,000 m^3

Ultraviolet Disinfection

Kranji WRP 40,000 m^3 daily

Desalination

NEWater

Pre Treatment

Intake Screens

Reverse Osmosis

Kranji NEWater Factory

Micro Filteration

SingSpring Desalination Plant: 136,382 m^3/ day

Bedok NEWater Factory

Tuaspring Desalination Plant:

Sembcorp NEWater

264,978 m^3/day Tuas Desalination Plant : 136,382 m^3/ day total: 537,742 m^3/ day Tuas WRP: 800,000 m^3/ day

Tuas WRP 800,000 m^3 daily

Changi WRP 900,000 m^3 daily 50 km of deep sewer tunnel and 60 km of link sewer connecting to existing sewers freed up 1.93 km^2 of land = 0.26% of totlal land

Krani WRP: 40,000 m^3/ day Changi WRP: 800,000 m^3/ day total : 1,740,000 m^3/ day

134

NEWater (DTSSS) | Desalination Plant 0

0.75

1.5

3

4.5

Kilometers 6

Marina Barrage, Singapore, Singapore

water supply flood control lifestyle attraction collects water from 10,000 hectares

1

green roof

2 water fountain

3

drainage pump

Reverse Osmosis

4

fresh water reservoir

7

pedestrian bridge 350 m long

Desalination Pre Treatment

Intake Screens

pumps 40 m^3/ second

5

9 crest gate

6

sea water

8

park connection

Theme: Closed Loop System Problem: Limited Land/ Resource/ Water Solution: Re-Recycling Water Opportunity: Ways to mix treated grey water and reservoir water to prepare for droughts.

3

drainage pump

135

136

137

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139

Essen

Duisburg

Dusseldorf Antwerp

Koln

Brussels

THE NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM, AND FRANCE

140

141

142

“WATER CHAMBER”

STORMWATER ENTERS AND IS EITHER PUMPED INTO THE SEWER OR FILTERED AND ALLOWED TO ENTER THE WATER SQUARE

143

Talsperre Hullern (32 Mio. mÂł ) 40.40 m above sea level

S

t e ver River - 57

EMSCHER CATCHMENT

36

km (

m i)

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m Li ppe River - 2 2 3 k

Rhi n e-Her

anal ne K

i) (137 m

POLDER AREAS

o 4 3 rt m km und (89 -Em mi s K ) an al

Halterner Stausee (32 Mio. mÂł ) 41 m above sea level

RAINWATER MANAGEMENT BODIES

1

Recklinghausen

Wesel

Bottrop

Emsc he r

R iver

Gelenkirchen

- 83 km

(52 mi)

Herne

Oberhausen

ver ine Ri

Dortmund Duisburg

km - 215 nal Ka

) (134 mi

Unna

Bochum

tm

un

s Em d-

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r

Essen Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis

Mrlheim an der Ruhr

,EPXIVRIV 7XEYWII Ä Ä&#x20AC; 1MS Qá Ä&#x201A;Ăż Q EFSZI WIE PIZIP

EMSCHER CATCHMENT Ä&#x2020;Ä&#x201E;Ä&#x192; OQÄ&#x20AC; Ä&#x20AC; Ä&#x20AC; QMPPMSR TISTPI

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Recklinghausen

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r Riv

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Rh

km (28 mi) -46 nal

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Duisburg

Oberhausen

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Herne Dortmund

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r Riv Emsche

River

er 83

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Reservoir Locations

Pipe Transportation

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Municipality Distribution

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Polder Areas

Main Sewage Line

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

EMSCHER DEVELOPMENT

TRIBUTARIES

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CENTRAL SEWAGE LINE

POLDER AREAS

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Area of Re-development

Stormwater Management

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Lippe

WATER INFILTRATION

RESERVOIR

WATER UTILITY

RESIDENTS / INDUSTRY

PRIVATE

OLD CANAL SEWER

WASTEWATER SEWER

RAIN WATER

PUBLIC - MUNICIPALITY

WATER TREATMENT PLANT BODIES OF WATER

Emscher WATER INFILTRATION

RAIN RETENTION BASIN MIXING WATER CHANNEL

WATER UTILITY 7IGXMSR SJ SPH ZW RI[ W]WXIQ

Ruhr RESERVOIR

EMSCHER REGION

NORTHERN RHEIN WESTPHALIA, GERMANY

144

PUBLIC - WATERBOARD

SEWAGE

11

14

13 10

12

9 7 3

8 6

3 4

2

4

5

1 Sedimentation Treatment Process 1 Raw Water Pump 2. Inlet Channel - Raw water entryway 3. Sedimentation Treatment Tank 4. Sludge Trough 5. Sludge Effluent 6. Water Outlet Channel 7. Water Effluent to Water Treatment Plant 8. Management Office Current Useage

BERNEPARK

9. Theater of Plants / Sunken Raingarden 10. Concrete Channel Capsule “Hotel” 11. Restaurant 12.Connecting Walkway 13. Plaza 14. Body of Water

BOTTROP, GERMANY

145

02 146

Taller de la Grรกn Escala DesignLab UAI

Urbanism Studio DesignLab UAI 147

Taller de la Gran Escala / Design Lab / Universidad Andres Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile.

Aguas Andinas S.A. es la compañía de suministro de agua potable más grande de Chile, donde atiende a más de 8 millones de personas en los 15,403 km2 del Área Metropolitana con una red de distribución de 13,258 km ubicada en 70,000 hectáreas de concesión de tierras.

La Compañía posee más de 230 tanques de agua potable de infraestructura operativa que funcionan a puertas cerradas las 24 horas del día, los 7 días de la semana, en casi todos los municipios de Santiago que involucran todo el estrato socioeconómico de Santiago.

A partir de la escala urbana de la red de agua, los estudiantes trabajarán específicamente en uno de los múltiples sitios, buscando procesos emergentes de renovación urbana en las áreas más segregadas y de bajos ingresos de Santiago de Chile.

El desafío es doble, por cuanto los sitios seleccionados deberían poder continuar operando como lo hacen hoy con sus bombas, tanques de agua, sala eléctrica y aún así, poder coexistir con un nuevo programa de alto interés comunitario que renueva el tejido urbano.

Los objetivos principales fueron involucrar a los estudiantes de la carrera de Ingeniería en Diseño de la Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, en una experiencia multidisciplinaria en condiciones reales para comprender la complejidad del diseño, además de la propuesta formal y un problema urbano, su papel y sinergias aplicando ​​ analizar a los diferentes interesados para el diseño como una herramienta de mejora social.

El estudio se centró en 7 sitios de tanques de agua potable: Florencia, Cerro Navia. (Operativo), Victoria, Pudahuel. (Operativo), Lo Blanco, La Pintana. (Operativo), La Pincoya, Huechuraba. (Operativo), Las Parcelas, Peñalolen. (Operativo), La Laguna, Lo Prado.

(Operativo), Los Morros y El Bosque (No operativo).

Los proyectos del Estudio se desarrollaron bajo el concepto de metabolismo urbano y estrategias de economía circular, las cuales circular buscan la intersección de los aspectos ambientales, económicos y sociales, en una propuesta sintética.

La investigación y los proyectos de los estudiantes incluyeron un área amplia del diseño urbano, los cuales presentan una diversidad de programas desde un vivero de escala media para reforestar la comuna de Peñalolén, un semillero urbano ubicado en la parte superior del estanque de agua Florencia el cual aprovecha los vientos de Julio a Noviembre para constituir un corredor ecológico, hasta programas deportivos sobre estanques semienterrados, zonas de compostaje y reciclaje, habilitación de áreas para acoger ferias libres, con centros recreacionales y de rehabilitación coordinados con juntas de vecinos en los barrios más necesitados del Gran Santiago.

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Urbanism studio / Design Lab / Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile.

Aguas Andinas S.A. is the largest potable water supply company in Chile, serving more than 8 million people in the 15,403 km2 of the Metropolitan Area with a distribution network of 13,258 km located in 70,000 hectares of land concessions.

The Company has more than 230 potable water tanks with operating infrastructure that operate behind closed doors 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, in almost all the municipalities of Santiago that involve the entire socioeconomic stratum of Santiago.

Starting from the urban scale of the water network, students will work specifically in one of the multiple sites, looking for emerging processes of urban renewal in the most segregated and low-income areas of Santiago de Chile.

The challenge is twofold, because the selected sites should be able to continue operating as they do today with their pumps, water tanks, electrical room, and still be able to coexist with a new program of high community interest that renews the urban fabric.

The main objectives were to involve the students of the Engineering in Design career at the Adolfo Ibáñez University, in a multidisciplinary experience in real conditions to understand the complexity of the design, in addition to the formal proposal and to analyze the different stakeholders for a urban problem, its role and synergies applying design as a tool for social improvement.

The study focused on 7 drinking water tank sites: Florencia, Cerro Navia. (Operative), Victoria, Pudahuel. (Operative), Lo Blanco, La Pintana. (Operative), La Pincoya, Huechuraba.

(Operational), Las Parcelas, Peñalolen. (Operational), La Laguna, Lo Prado. (Operational), Los Morros and El Bosque (Non-operational).

The Study projects were developed under the concept of urban metabolism and circular economy strategies, which circular seek the intersection of environmental, economic and social aspects, in a synthetic proposal. ​​ design, which present a diverResearch and student projects included a wide area of urban sity of programs from a medium-scale nursery to reforesting the Peñalolén commune, an urban hotbed located on the upper part of the Florence water pond. which takes advantage of the winds from July to November to constitute an ecological corridor, to sports programs on semi-buried ponds, composting and recycling areas, enabling areas to host free fairs, with recreational and rehabilitation centers coordinated with neighborhood associations in the most in need of Greater Santiago.

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M FA R

HUE

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ERS MARK

RTA J A R D Í N

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L I OT EC A CO P A

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APROVECHAMIENTO

M

ALTO

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Uso 72%

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rso

55%

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15%

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SUSTENTABILIDAD ECOLOGICA Y SOCIAL

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84%

Uso y Arriendo Recu

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70% 52%

1

Lo Martínez

2

FARM MARKET

Para compost

Punto de encuentro de la comunidad, su principal objetivo es la venta de productos orgánicos. Los residuos que quedan se derivan para compostaje.

3

MIRADOR

MAYOR FLUJO

HUERTA

Las rampas unen los distintos niveles de la copa con su alrededor, creando para la comunidad un espacio amplio con diversas actividades.

ENTRADA

s

$

BICICLETAS

SEGURIDAD

Dentro de la copa se crea tanto un lugar de encuentro para los vecinos de la comuna como para los que la visitan.

En su primer nivel se encuentra el Bici park, el cual facilita la conectividad con el metro.

En el último nivel se crea una huerta, que se une al farm market por sus productos.

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En el terreno de la copa se vende un espacio para la construcciòn de ka estaciòn Lo Martìnez, continuaciòn de la Linea 2 del metro. Aumentando el flujo de personas en este sector.

Aguas Andinas cede parte del terreno para construcción de jardín infantil San Miguel de Arcángel. Activando esta zona del terreno con los niño y apoderados, pero quedando el terreno de la copa aùn en deshuso.

Recinto de Aguas Andinas sin uso determinado, solo con instalación de copa.

ESTACIÓN LO MARTINEZ

JARDÍN SAN MIGUE ARCANGEL

COPA LOS MORROS

La construcción de todo este programa aumenta la posibilidad de aréas verdes y huertos. Agregando una zona especial en el Jardín para siembras al igual que en el espacio de la copa. Ademas de las areas de uso público.

Con la construcciòn del metro y el aumento de la accesibilidad y flujo de personas en el lugar, se hace necesario la construcciòn de un proyecto para la comunidad y así dar uso completo al terreno, dando seguridad y actividad a los vecinos. Se instala el Farm Market, y se transforma la copa en un centro cultural.

La circulación del espacio tendra dos formas de uso. Una modalidad de fines de semana que se muestra en color rojo, donde se abren los espacios de recreación del jardín a uso público. Y el uso de días de semana en donde se separa el espacio del jardín y el resto del terreno, para darle seguridad a los niños durante sus horas de clase.

AREAS VERDES Y HUERTOS

PROYECTO FARM MARKET Y CENTRO CULTURAL

CIRCULACIÓN

APROVECHAMIENTO ALTO

BAJO

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SUSTENTABILIDAD ECO

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Exposiciones 7,0 mts

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Biblioteca Niños

Exposiciones Exposiciones 4,7 mts

Biblioteca 7,0Adultos mts 7,0 mts

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MAYOR FLUJO Recurso y Educación Mantención

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LOGICA Y SOCIAL

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PIEZAS Y PARTES CICLOVÍA

SENDERO PEATONAL

PROGRAMAS MULTIUSOS

PROGRAMAS FIJOS

Esta primera división de axonometricas muestran el proyecto en tres partes principales: - Lo que actualmente existe en el terreno. Inicialmente, el terreno de Aguas Andinas de Lo Blanco posee 14.720 metros cuadrados, compuesto por dos estanques de seis metros de alto, que actualmente se encnuentran en desuso.168 Cercano a la entrada del recinto se encuentran tres casetas con elementos químicos peligrosos que ayudan al proceso de filtración del agua. Ahí también se encuentra un agujero subterráneo para cañerías y una antena de gran altura. Al costado se encuentra lo que hubiera sido el gimnasio más grande de latinoamérica, que no pudo ser terminado, por lo que hoy en día no es más que ruinas y suciedad.

- Senderos de tránsito para peatones y ciclistas: Generan no, siempre siguiendo la estética circular de los estanque modulos. Los senderos seran de 3 metros de ancho.

Dentro de los senderos de tránsito del recinto, se encuent senderos logren cubrir todo el terreno para llegar a cad Dentro de los diferentes módulos encontramos: programa

HORMIGÓN

VEGETACIÓN Y PASTO

CAUCHO

MAICILLO

n la movilidad de las personas a través de todo el terrees, de manera que se logre la accesibilidad a todos los

tran las ciclovías y el paso peatonal. La idea es que los da uno de los modulos, rodeándolos sin problemas. as fijos para deportes urbanos tales como el slackline,

MAICILLO

CAUCHO

VEGETACIÓN

HORMIGON

Además el programa consta de diferentes capas de sustrato, distribuidas de manera eficaz para cada actividad y siempre dentro de la lógica circular: - Caucho de neumáticos reciclados: Para programas fijos y para senderos. Se utilizarán dos colores diferentes 169 para marcar la diferencia entre tipos de senderos y programas fijos deportivos.

- Maicillo: Para delimitar terreno entre lo transitable y lo no transitable.

- Vegetación: En el programa del proyecto se segmeta la vegetación del pasto, siendo ambos elementos necesarios para darle el toque natural y agradable al lugar.

CORTE ESPACIAL A’A

CORTE URBANO B’B

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48.56 m

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DESECHOS ORGÁNICOS PRODUCIDOS SENTIMIENTO EN LA FERIA DE QUERER REINTEGRARSE EN LA SOCIEDAD MADERAS (TABLONES CUALQUIER TAMAÑO)

VECINOS COMUNIDAD LA VICTORIA EMPRESA EXTERNA

SEGÚN RESIDUOS REUTILIZABLES

re plantar

AGUA Y LUZ

LA VICTORIA

NID AD

BODEGA

cosecha ALEDAÑOS Y DROGADICTOS

CO RL A

YOGA PING PONG

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mejorar suelos

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JÓVENES Y NIÑOS

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espacio recreacional adulto mayor-niĂąo circuito peatonal planta superior pasarela planta superior

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circuito peatonal planta baja acceso camion y pozos

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Pictures: Nicolas Kersting, 2019

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Pictures: Nicolas Kersting, 2019

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Taller GSD 1404 Infraestructura Social Operativa

GSD Studio 1404 Social Operative Infraestructure 183

Infraestructuras Sociales Operativas / Studio 1404 / Harvard Graduate School of Design, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. El taller de Postgrado en la Universidad de Harvard exploró la infraestructura operativa del agua en Chile como una forma de comenzar una discusión sobre las redes más allá de su operación monofuncional, con el objetivo de brindar mejoras sociales, ambientales y funcionales para la ciudad. La red ubicua que construyen bajo la superficie, con cientos de nodos emergentes en diferentes partes de la ciudad, será el punto de partida para una discusión contemporánea sobre infraestructura, su obsolescencia y el papel que pueden desempeñar en el futuro de nuestras ciudades para mejorar a las personas. calidad de vida.

Cientos de sitios operativos en todo Santiago, históricamente aislados o en condiciones urbanas dispersas, están hoy rodeados por el crecimiento de la ciudad. La infraestructura que contenían ocupaba solo una pequeña parte de su superficie, produciendo externalidades negativas en su perímetro y sin tener una relación positiva con su contexto. El estudio trabajó desde la ciudad hasta el sitio, los objetos y los procesos, abriendo diferentes enfoques y escalas de problemas y soluciones.

Los objetivos principales fueron entender la infraestructura de los servicios de agua como una red fundamental de ciudades, su extensión y operación y reconocer la infraestructura como un medio a través del cual intervenir en una escala metropolitana para mejorar la calidad de vida urbana proponiendo estrategias para la reprogramación de los servicios de agua con énfasis en valor social, ambiental y económico para las comunidades en Santiago El estudio se centró en 6 sitios de tanques de agua potable: Florencia, Cerro Navia. (Operativo), Victoria, Pudahuel. (Operativo), Lo Blanco, La Pintana. (Operativo), La Pincoya, Huechuraba. (Operativo), Las Parcelas, Peñalolen. (Operativo), La Laguna, Lo Prado. (Operatorio).

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Social Operative Infrastructure / Studio 1404 / Harvard Graduate School of Design, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. The studio explored operative water infrastructure in Chile as a way to start a discussion about networks beyond its monofunctional operation, with the goal of bringing social, environmental and functional upgrades for the city. The ubiquitous network they build under the surface, with hundreds of nodes emerging in different parts of the city, will be the starting point for a contemporary discussion about infrastructure, its obsolescence and the role they may play in the future of our cities for improving peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s quality of life.

Hundreds of operatives sites throughout Santiago, historically isolated or in dispersed urban fabric conditions, are nowadays surrounded by the growth of the city. The infrastructure they contained occupy only a small part of their surface, producing negative externalities in their perimeter and having no positive relation with their context. The studio worked from the city to the site, objects and processes, opening up different approaches and scales of problems and solutions.

The main objectives were to understand water utilities infrastructure as a fundamental network of cities, their extension and operation and recognize infrastructure as a medium through which to intervene in a metropolitan scale for improving urban quality of life proposing strategies for the reprogramming water utilities with emphasis in social, environmental and economic value for communities in Santiago The Studio focused on 6 drinking water tanks sites: Florencia, Cerro Navia. (Operative), Victoria, Pudahuel. (Operative), Lo Blanco, La Pintana. (Operative), La Pincoya, Huechuraba.(Operative), Las Parcelas, PeĂąalolen. (Operative), La Laguna, Lo Prado. (Operative).

The projects of the Studio were developed under the concept of urban symbiosis and circular economy strategies that seek the intersection of environmental and economic aspects in a program that generates a tangible benefit to neighboring communities structured to detect the existing opportunities in each land.

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En Florencia, Cerro Navia 1 .- La creación de un parque urbano operado por la comunidad. Un vivero que poblara lentamente las calles y parques que rodean el proyecto y en el sitio protegido zonas de juego y ocio a través de un sistema de filtros Phyto. Todo esto mientras se crea un nuevo espacio público para el vecindario. En el vivero urbano, los árboles pasarán por tres etapas antes de ser enviados a su final ubicación a lo largo de las calles o parques del barrio. Estas son la germinación inicial de semillas que sucede en contenedores especiales. Luego serán trasladados a una pequeña parte de la trama hasta que alcance el etapa de retoño y desde allí se moverá a la parte más grande de la parcela donde crecerán hasta alcanzar un DAT (diámetro a la altura del tronco) de 18 a 20 cm. En este punto, el árbol puede ser reubicado en su ubicación final.

Esto crea un patrón de rotación de cultivos que transformará constantemente el parque. La segunda estrategia, “Phytofiltering”, se basa en varios estudios que han abordado el tema de la capacidad de ciertos árboles para retener grandes cantidades de material particulado. La estrategia de filtrado de fito propone plantar las especies más eficientes para la captura de partículas, utilizando los patrones de plantación de cortavientos tradicionales. Estos crearán espacios protegidos de diferentes características que proporcionarán una variedad de actividades con aire más limpio. Fitorremediación es una técnica que aprovecha la capacidad de algunas plantas para absorber, acumular, metabolizar, volatilizar o estabilizar contaminantes presentes en el suelo, aire, agua o sedimento 2 .- Se propone un “laboratorio abierto para la ciudad absorbente” compuesto de una plaza de 2.000m2 en el terreno del estanque de agua hacía la calle Torre de Pisa en conjunto con el bandejón central bajo las torres de Alta Tensión, un corredor absorbente con especies vegetales de bajo consumo en el donde se experimentará con distintas soluciones para conducir y ralentizar la absorción del agua lluvia en el territorio en base a canales, drenes y piscinas duras de uso deportivo para la acumulacion del agua.

3.- El proyecto propone la reorganización de la basura por parte de los vecinos para facilitar la recolección de piezas de pre y post consumo que construir zonas de aventura y zonas de riesgo controlado para niños que logren compensar los nuevas formas de vida libre de fricción donde que un niño se golpee o se caiga es algo negativo.

En Victoria, Pudahuel: 1.-¨PROTEIN¨, el cual opera en un ciclo de rotación de 60 días para la salud de los animales y el suelo, y se dirige al grupo de edad de 4 a 6 y 6 a 9 años. Este sistema de rotación está destinado a mostrar cómo todos los elementos vivos y no vivos forman una relación y alimentarse el uno al otro. Esta multiplicidad de interacción transforma el espacio de infraestructuras, una vez segregado, en una granja agrícola, museo, jardín botánico y un parque donde la educación, la producción de alimentos y la demanda de agua y espacio público se pueden satisfacer simultáneamente. PROTEIN propone un nuevo modo de ocupar infraestructura y espacios abiertos.

2.- Se construye a través de una granja vertical superpuesta a la fachada del estanque de agua y un centro de investigación al interior del estanque el cual será gestionado por una cooperativa vecinal en conjunto con una facultad de agronomía y medicina y Aguas Andinas para fomentar el desarrollo y experimentación de introducción de nuevas especies resilientes al cambio climático del valle central de Chile con especial foco a especies medicinales, forestales y polinizadores. Se realizó una simulación que vinculó la forma del estanque con el 186

In Florencia, Cerro Navia: 1.- The creation of an urban park operated by the community. A nursery that slowly populated the streets and parks that surround the project and on the protected site play and leisure areas through a Phyto filter system. All this while creating a new public space for the neighborhood. In the urban nursery, trees will go through three stages before being shipped to their final location along neighborhood streets or parks. These are the initial germination of seeds that happens in special containers. Then they will be transferred to a small part of the plot until it reaches the shoot stage and from there it will move to the largest part of the plot where they will grow until reaching a DAT (diameter at the height of the trunk) of 18 to 20 cm. At this point, the tree can be relocated to its final location. This creates a crop rotation pattern that will constantly transform the park. The second strategy, “Phytofiltering”, is based on several studies that have addressed the issue of the ability of certain trees to retain large amounts of particulate matter. The phyto filtering strategy proposes to plant the most efficient species for the capture of particles, using traditional windbreak planting patterns.

These will create protected spaces of different characteristics that will provide a variety of activities with cleaner air. Phytoremediation is a technique that takes advantage of the ability of some plants to absorb, accumulate, metabolize, volatilize or stabilize contaminants in the soil, air, water or sediment.

2.- An “open laboratory for the absorbent city” is proposed, consisting of a 2,000m2 square on the ground of the water pond towards the Torre de Pisa street together with the central tray under the High Voltage towers, an absorbent corridor with low consumption plant species where you will experiment with different solutions to drive and slow down the absorption of rainwater in the territory based on channels, drains and hard pools for sports use to accumulate water.

3.- The project proposes the reorganization of the garbage by the neighbors to facilitate the collection of pieces of pre and post consumption that build adventure zones and areas of controlled risk for children that manage to compensate for new ways of life free of friction where a child is hit or falls is a negative.

In Victoria, Pudahuel: 1.-¨PROTEIN¨, which operates in a rotation cycle of 60 days for the health of animals and the soil, and is aimed at the age group of 4 to 6 and 6 to 9 years. This rotation system is intended to show how all living and non-living elements form a relationship and feed each other. This multiplicity of interaction transforms the infrastructure space, once segregated, into an agricultural farm, museum, botanical garden and a park where education, food production and the demand for water and public space can be satisfied simultaneously.

PROTEIN proposes a new way of occupying infrastructure and open spaces.

2.- It is built through a vertical farm superimposed on the facade of the water pond and a research center inside the pond which will be managed by a neighborhood cooperative in conjunction with a faculty of agronomy and medicine and Aguas Andinas to promote the development and experimentation of introduction of new species resilient to climate change in the central valley of Chile with special focus on medicinal, forest and pollinator species.

A simulation was performed that linked the shape of the pond with the sunlight on its façade to select the location of the species according to their optimal condition of light, shadow and humidity, humidity.

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asoleamiento de su fachada para seleccionar la ubicación de las especies según su condición óptima de luz, sombra y humedad, la humedad.

3.- Se vinculan niños y tercera edad a través del deporte y el reciclaje en el terreno del estanque de agua y la cancha de fútbol que colinda con el jardín infantil. Se propone reducir y girar la cancha de fútbol para generar áreas triangulares en los costados de la cancha que permitan construir grandes gradas para ver las actividades deportivas y generar áreas orientadas al reciclaje de plástico, papel y aluminio con un sector de tratamiento de residuos orgánicos para compostaje lo cual permitirá reducir la carga actual de basura municipal que hoy recibe 1,5 kg de RSD al dia municipal.

En Las Parcelas, Peñalolen: 1.- Se busca encajar el terreno del estanque de agua en el carácter sostenible de la Comuna y la Feria libre que se desarrolla todas las semanas en Av Consistorial . El proyecto propone la investigaron distintos procesos de eficiencia energética como la producción de energía por biomasa, la producción de fertilizantes en base a residuos orgánicos y los cultivos hidropónicos en bajo consumo de agua. Se propone una plaza semiabierta para dar mejor cabida a la feria que se instala en Av Consistorial en conjunto con un punto limpio a la cual se suma una plataforma de cultivos de hortalizas hidropónicas sobre el estanque enterrado y una zona posterior de Vermicultura hacia el deslinde Oriente para tratar los residuos orgánicos de los vecinos y la Feria semanal en compostaje el cual puede ser retirado por los mismos vecinos y feriantes que usan la plaza de manera constante.

2.- Se investiga las distintas tipologías urbanas, bloque y sus vacíos intermedios para desarrollar una nueva propuesta de bordes rígidos y flexibles que permitan una abrir un porcentaje del terreno de los estanques para nuevos usos de la comunidad en conjunto con la exploración de un nuevo núcleo de trabajo artesanal que permitan construir límites flexibles y estacionales en base a geomantas similares a la fibra de coco o el mimbre que permitan separar espacios, generar sombras y volver a la tierra como materia orgánica después de un par de años. Los feriantes podrán incrementar sus ingresos con la venta de productos en base de mimbre en la feria y recibir ingresos por la fabricación de los paneles separadores de los módulos y sombreaderos los cuales pasará a formar parte de la materia orgánica después de 3 años para nutrir el suelo. Se propone además integrar un paradero de bus integrado a la plaza en conjunto con, una piscina de aguas lluvias para evitar la “inundación: que se produce aguas abajo en Avenida Las Parcelas cuando precipita gran cantidad de agua en poco tiempo cada ciertos años .

En La Pincoya, Huechuraba: 1.- Se propone un centro medicinal Mapuche constituido por triángulo virtuoso que se compone de una zona 1 de cultivo escalonadas cercanas al estanque la Pincoya con un potencial de 800 ha en los pies del cerro. Zona 2 de producción en un punto medio entre las comuna de Maipú Pudahuel, Renca, Cerro Navia las cuales suman en conjunto más de 110.000 Mapuches. Zona 3 zona de venta cercano al Cerro Santa Lucía donde existen 4 farmacias mapuches y 20 organizaciones relacionadas con los pueblos Mapuches.

Las zonas de cultivo escalonado trabajaran en conjunto con el colegio vecino al estanque y será además un sector de ecoturismo donde las visitas podrán cosechar personalmente sus hiervas, experimentar tratamientos medicinales y rituales en Rucas construidas por los pueblos originarios quienes obtendrán concesiones a 20 años.

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3.- Children and the elderly are linked through sports and recycling in the field of the water pond and the soccer field that adjoins the kindergarten. It is proposed to reduce and rotate the soccer field to generate triangular areas on the sides of the field that allow the construction of large stands to watch sports activities and generate areas oriented to the recycling of plastic, paper and aluminum with an organic waste treatment sector for composting which will reduce the current municipal garbage load that today receives 1.5 kg of RSD per municipal day.

In Las Parcelas, Peñalolen: 1.- The aim is to fit the land of the water pond into the sustainable character of the Community and the free Fair that takes place every week at Av Consistorial. The project proposes the investigation of different energy efficiency processes such as the production of energy by biomass, the production of fertilizers based on organic residues and hydroponic crops with low water consumption. A semi-open plaza is proposed to provide a better booth at the fair that is installed on Av Consistorial in conjunction with a clean point to which is added a hydroponic vegetable growing platform over the buried pond and a later Vermiculture area towards the eastern border. to treat the organic waste of the neighbors and the weekly Composting Fair which can be removed by the same residents and fairgrounds who use the square constantly.

2.- The different urban typologies, block and their intermediate voids are investigated to develop a new proposal of rigid and flexible edges that open a percentage of the land of the ponds for new uses of the community in conjunction with the exploration of a new nucleus of craft work that modifies building flexible and seasonal limits based on geomantas similar to coconut fiber or wicker that selects to separate spaces, generate shadows and return to the earth as organic matter after a couple of years. Fairmen can increase their income by selling wicker-based products at the fair and receive income from the manufacture of the module separator panels and shaders which will become part of the organic matter after 3 years to nourish the I usually. It is also proposed to integrate a bus stop integrated into the plaza in conjunction with a rainwater pool to avoid “flooding: which occurs downstream on Avenida Las Parcelas when large amounts of water precipitate in a short time every few years.

In La Pincoya, Huechuraba: 1.- A Mapuche medicinal center consisting of a virtuous triangle is proposed, consisting of a staggered cultivation zone 1 near the La Pincoya pond with a potential of 800 ha at the foot of the hill. Production zone 2 at a midpoint between the communes of Maipú Pudahuel, Renca, Cerro Navia which together add up to more than 110,000 Mapuches. Zone 3 sales area near Cerro Santa Lucía where there are 4 Mapuche pharmacies and 20 organizations related to the Mapuche peoples.

The staggered cultivation areas will work together with the neighboring school to the pond and it will also be an ecotourism sector where the visitors will be able to personally harvest their herbs, undergo medicinal and ritual treatments in Rucas built by the native peoples who will obtain concessions for 20 years.

189

2.- El proyecto aprovecha una condición única donde se encuentra un canal abierto y una estanque ante lo cual se propone desarrollar un huerto comunal a cargo de los 10 colegios para impulsar un programa de nutrición saludable para la infancia con financiamiento Municipal en conjunto con un parque lineal de carácter deportivo con estaciones de ejercicios al costado del Canal El Carmen el cual será de acceso controlado y aprovechará el mismo canal para riego de las especies que serán plantas por los vecinos del barrio. Del punto de vista urbano se aprovecha el canal en la cota alta de la zona urbana y la forma cóncava del barrio para extender un sistema de riego por goteo para alimentar una nueva forestación de especies endémicas de bajo consumo como el Quillay y el Algarrobo que serán propuestos en Avenida Recoleta y algunas otras calles perpendiculares al Canal El Carmen En Lo Blanco, La Pintana: 1.- Se diseña un área libre como extensión del Centro Comunitario de Salud Mental la Pintana y Centros Comunitarios de Salud Familiar Flor Fernández pensado en integrar a los pacientes en terapia por tratamiento de drogas o alcohol basado en una serie de circulaciones que generan varios loops para generar la mayor cantidad de puntos de encuentro posible atravesando desde un Centro de Terapia, un pabellón de baile, juegos de niños, un antiguo gimnasio reconvertido en terrazas de cultivo gravitacionales para huertos familiares, zonas bajas inundables con cubresuelo de bajo consumo conjunto con plazas duras de gravilla, ,un anfiteatro y un sector de niebla de agua conectado al estanque para mitigar el calor de verano y construir escenarios urbanos líquidos, libre de stress.

2.- Se revisó el código de aguas vigente (1981) y la Ley 21.075 (2018) y la minuta del proyecto que reforma el código de aguas ante lo cual se proponen una serie de incentivos a la participación ciudadana que podrán ser adoptadas como políticas públicas bajo gestión municipal o iniciativas por parte de Aguas Andinas en conjunto con las juntas de vecino las cuales se podrían organizar mediante agrupaciones público privadas denominadas como “barrios del agua” para implementar círculos virtuosos en los diversos artículos del código de agua, El estudio abrió una nueva puerta a un nuevo territorio de coexistencia entre los servicios públicos las 24 horas del día, los 7 días de la semana y la necesidad social para convertir un sistema monofuncional en un espacio poroso según los sistemas abiertos de Richard Sennett.

190

2.- The project takes advantage of a unique condition where there is an open canal and a pond before which it is proposed to develop a communal garden by the 10 schools to promote a healthy nutrition program for children with Municipal financing in conjunction with a linear sports park with exercise stations next to the Canal El Carmen which will be controlled access and will take advantage of the same channel to irrigate the species that will be plants by neighborhood residents. From the urban point of view, the canal is used at the upper level of the urban area and the concave shape of the neighborhood to extend a drip irrigation system to feed a new afforestation of low consumption endemic species such as Quillay and Algarrobo that will be proposed in Recoleta Avenue and some other streets perpendicular to Canal El Carmen In Lo Blanco, La Pintana: 1.- A free area is designed as an extension of the La Pintana Community Center for Mental Health and Flor Fernández Family Health Community Centers designed to integrate patients into therapy for drug or alcohol treatment based on a series of circulations that generate several loops to generate as many meeting points as possible by crossing from a Therapy Center, a dance pavilion, children’s games, an old gymnasium converted into gravitational cultivation terraces for family gardens, low-flood areas with low-consumption ground cover combined with squares gravel blocks, an amphitheater and a sector of water mist connected to the pond to mitigate the summer heat and build liquid, stress-free urban settings.

2.- The current water code (1981) and Law 21,075 (2018) and the bill of the project that reforms the water code were reviewed, which proposes a series of incentives for citizen participation that may be adopted as policies public under municipal management or initiatives by Aguas Andinas in conjunction with neighborhood councils which could be organized through public-private groups called “water neighborhoods” to implement virtuous circles in the various articles of the water code, The Studio opened a new door into a new territory of coexistence between 24/7 utilities and social need in order to turn a monofunctional system into a porous space according to Richard Sennett open systems.

191

Escabi,Simon (MLA-LAAP) Ecological Machines Florcerncia, Cerro Navia

VIEW B

192

ABOUT THE TREE SPECIES The species have been selected for diĆ&#x2DC;erent purposes. The phyto-ďŹ ltering species have been picked out because they have a number of characteristics that make them the

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30m

a

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15m

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ins

rk Pa

lea

10m

acu

ta

5m

193

25 m

uise a eq

sarin

Cau

20m

ECOLOGICAL MACHINES

4000 masl

2900 masl

2000 masl

540 masl

1540 masl

710 masl

880 masl

1880 masl

EXPONENTIAL AIR POLLUTION PHYTO-FILTERING STRATEGIES FOR NEIGHBORHOODS IN SANTIAGO DE CHILE.

ABOUT SANTIAGO The city of Santiago is located on a low point on the skirts of the Andes mountain range. This basin situation which results in a lack of wind currents during most of the year, coupled with a low precipitation average produces the prefect conditions for a high count of air pollutants. The air pollution situation has become so dire that one of the most distinctive features, which is the mountains of the Andes, is made invisible by a cloud of smog that covers it during almost half of the year. This has taken a toll on its citizens and is a constant public health concern.

N NNE

NNW

NE

NW

PARTICULATE MATERIAL

NNW

WEATHER

ENE PUDAHUEL

3.2%

W

1.7% 1.6% 1.7%

7.3%

WIND SPEED

100 g/ m3

10 km/h

50 g/ m3

4% 2.9%

0 km/h

0 g/ m3

2.9%

E

2.9% 1.3% 1.2% 3.3%

PARQUE OHIGGINS

TEMPERATURE

100 g/ m3

30°C 50 g/ m3

7.1%

20.6%

ESE

WSW

16.9%

22.5%

0°C

0 g/ m3

EL BOSQUE

PRECIPITATION

100 g/ m3

200mm

SE

SW

50 g/ m3

SEP

NOV

OCT

JUL

JUN

AUG

MAY

FEB

APR

MAR

JAN

DEC

NOV

OCT

JUL

SEP

AUG

JUN

MAY

FEB

APR

JAN

pm 2.5 pm 10

ABOUT AIR POLLUTANTS The pollutants in the air vary greatly in source and in type. Although greenhouse gases are the most talked about components of pollution another significant and extremely dangerous element is particulate material.

With sources like dust, pollen or combustion these airborne particles get stuck in the lungs of mammals and create a high risk for illness. Particulate material is divided into three main categories which are PM10, PM5 and PM2,5. These are particles that have a diameter of 10, 5 and 2.5 micrometers respectively.

SOURCES

COMPARATIVE SIZE

Pm RELATED ILLNESS TRESHOLD Interim target-3 (IT-3)

70 g/ m3

Interim target-2 (IT-2) Interim target-1 (IT-1) Soot Dust Pollen Metals Combustion particles Organic compounds

40 g/ m3

Air quality guideline (AQG) 10 g/ m3

Beach sand grain Human hair Pm 10 Pm 2.5

“As thresholds have not been identified, and given that there is substantial inter-individual variability in exposure and in the response in a given exposure, it is unlikely that any standard or guideline value will lead to complete protection for every individual against all possible adverse health effects of particulate matter. Rather, the standard-setting process needs to aim at achieving the lowest concentrations possible in the context of local constraints, capabilities and public health priorities. ” WHO Air quality guidelines

194

These are the lowest levels at which total, cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality have been shown to increase with more than 95% confidence in response to long-term exposure to PM2.5.

In addition to other health benefits, these levels lower the risk of premature mortality by approximately 6% [2–11%] relative to theI T-2 level.

In addition to other health benefits, these levels lower the risk of premature mortality by approximately 6% [2–11%] relative to the IT-1 level.

These levels are associated with about a 15% higher long-term mortality risk relative to the AQG level.

DEC

0mm

0 g/ m3

SSE S

MAR

SSW

ABOUT THE PILOT SITES AND THE VICTIMS OF AIR POLLUTION The impact of air pollution is greatly felt in low income communities. Not only because these people have limited access to medical services but also because the general urban conditions in low income areas are prone to generate high levels of particulate material. The most vulnerable people are children and elderly people, not only because they have a comparatively reduced access to health care than their contemporaries in high income neighborhoods but also because smaller homes drive people to spend more time outside.

60+

60+

2 6 -1

0-2

0-2

0-2

2 6 -1

2 6 -1

0

20-4

2 6 -1

w

12-20

12-20

12-20

13.201 population

Permanence and usage of local parks

3.047 infants

LA PINCOYA

75

ifa

Out of the six, this area is the poorest candidate for the project. it has an extremely low population and sits on the outer skirts of the city right next to a (non urban) green area. Its IBT is 0,406

nt

VICTORIA PUDAHUEL

0

Exercise requirements

3.7

n

s

With a mean IBT of 0.433, the lowest one of all six sites, and a percentage of 23.3 infants in the area and the smallest amount of green space this is a strong candidate.

89

3.2

844

2.168

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20 p

13.3

40-6

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Chronic illness development relevance

This area has a mean IBT of 0.458, the second lowest of all the six sites, a percentage of 23.1 infants over its entire population, and a very low amount of green areas this site is a strong candidate to implement the pilot project fot Phytofilters

.21

lo

0

20-4

0

20-4

Air pollution related illness risk

FLORENCIA

16

low

hig h

40-6

lo

hig h

medi um mediu m

w

w

low

hig h

0

0

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medi um mediu m

40-6

40-6

low

60+

hig h

hig h

0-2

hig h

medi um mediu m

12-20

60+

LA LAGUNA With a mean IBT of 0,475 and a percentage of 16,3% infants in the area and a comparatively large amount of green space this area is an average to poor candidate for the pilot project.

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86

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PEĂ&#x2018;ALOLEN

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La pintana is a poor candidate for the pilot project. It has an IBT of 0,494, a comparatively low population and only 2.168 infants.

Kindergartens

op

with a comparatively high IBT of 0,532 this area is still an average candidate for the implementation of the pilot project due to its high population and low presence of green areas.

8.713 po

LA PINTANA

Prospective sites

1p

Schools Green areas Lowest environmental raiting Highest environmental raiting

195

ABOUT THE LAYOUT The layout of the project connects the two avenues on its eastern and western borders, but the main structuring axis for most elements is aligned with the prevalent south west winds. Two main activity areas are protected by phyto-lters.

The productive plots surrounding them are divided into three categories: simple rotation plots, complex rotation plots, and biomass production plots. The project operating at full capacity can sustain the growth of 445 trees at the same time.

ABOUT THE CHANGES IN TIME The different growth speeds of the various tree species create a dynamic project that is in constant ux. Every few years the plots will change from one type of condition to another and therefore the park will have a different layout. The differing shapes and sizes of the plots will force a change in the activities that can be carried out.

Compostable biomass production and soil regeneration

196Sapling growth and human activity Tree growth and harvesting

10 YEAR TRANSITION PERIOD

10 YEAR TRANSITION PERIOD

1 Biomass production plots 2 Simple rotation tree production plot 3 Complex rotation tree production plot 4 Soft polyvalent space 5 Hard polyvalent space 6 Eastern entrance 7 Western entrance

197

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15m

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10m

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20m

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The species have been selected for diƘerent purposes. The phyto-filtering species have been picked out because they have a number of characteristics that make them the most eƛcient at particulate material capture. Acicular and alveolate leaves and high wax or pubescence content. The other trees are low water consumption native trees and a set of exotic trees that have proven to work on urban environments.

ea ind

ABOUT THE TREE SPECIES

bus Pinus stro

VIEW B

Cordia

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passi

Senna multiglandulosa

nsis

ON TI TA ES

s chile

Alveolate leaf

RE FO R

s

arp a

Nothofagu

s macrocar

pa

ma croc agu s

SOIL REGENERATION

SAPLING CULTIVATION AND HUMAN USE.

Trees are grown until their DBH attains 18 to 20 cm. The remaining wholes are filled with vegetal material harvested from the biomass production plots.

The plot is closed oƘ for a period of one year while the biomass decomposes and it is left to grow wild for new rood systems to help restore the soil’s natural balance.

Seedlings are planted in a small part of the plot and the rest is opened to human use while the seedlings become saplings and have to be moved to occupy the rest of the plot.

us platan

TREE GROWTH AND HARVESTING

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198

uid

Acer

The plot rotation will occur in two types of patterns: complex and simple. The simple rotation plots are the ones that are not protected by small grass phyto-filters. These fluctuate between tree production and biomass production and soil regeneration. The complex, which are protected, will include a third step in which the plot can be utilized by humans during the period in which the saplings are growing in a limited amount of space.

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ABOUT CROP ROTATION

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UR BA N

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Austro

jasminoides

E TIV NA

Trachelospermum

Acicular leaf

a

istipul

pinnat

DANT PEN DE

S BER IM CL TIVE NA

WA TE R

am

ba

r

cera

sifera

ABOUT THE PHYTO-FILTERS Several studies have addressed the topic of the capacity of certain trees to retain large amounts of particulate material. The Phyto-filtering strategy proposes to plant the most eƛcient species for particulate mater using the planting patterns of traditional windbreaks. The results for air tunnel studies and digital simulations vary greatly but the rule of thumb is that they will protect up to fifteen to twenty times the height of the windbreak.

1.5m

1.5m

3m

1.5m

1.5m

3m

1.5m

3m

3-5 meter high bush

Exposed side

High density windbreak creates turbulence

Alternating 5 to 10 m and 10 to 20m high trees

Alternating 5 to 10 m and 10 to 20m high trees

Windbreak

Protected area between 15 to 20 times the hight of the windbreak

Protected side

Medium density windbreak protects the largest area without creating turblence

Low density windbreak provides minimal protection

ABOUT TREE PRODUCTION The trees will go through 3 stages before being dispatched to their final location along the streets or parks of the neighborhood. These are the initial seed germination which happens on special containers. Then it will be moved to a small part of the plot until it attains the stage of sapling and from there it will be moved to the larger part of the plot where they will grow until they attain a DBH of 18 to 20 cm. At this point the tree can be relocated to its final location.

VIEW A

ABOUT THE ARTIFACTS Because the trees that are used for the phyto-filters are evergreen species they will accumulate large amounts of particulate material on their leaves before these fall naturally. Because of this the tree might struggle to do photosynthesis. The Artifacts are community operated tree washing machines. Using agro-industrial pesticide application techniques to spray water into the leaves the particulate material is washed away. These Artifacts are also equipped with lighting spots and can be moved to illuminate diƘerent parts of the park. This allows for nighttime activities that require a larger amount of light than just traditional park illumination.

Pressure water spray mechanism to wash the contaminants of the leaves.

Particulate material saturated leaves need to be washed to ensure the plant’s ability to do photosynthesis.

The artifacts are equipped with lights in order to created specially illuminated places for activities around the site.

The rails on which the artifacts move act as the primary lighting system for the site.

The artifacts are operated by a bicycle like system which can be activated by the members of the community to either perform the tree cleaning activities or to relocate them to utilize the lights.

The contaminated water is cleaned through phyto-remediation occurring at the level of the roots.

SECTION C

199

VIEW A

200

ABOUT THE ARTIFACTS

201

Bi,Xiao He (MLA-LAI) Ecological Play: Learning Landscapes as Social Infrastructure Florcerncia, Cerro Navia

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Song,Ui Jun (MLA-LAAP) Protein La Victoria, Pudahuel

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tower and tools

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j k G F F F GF F GG c e re al FG F FG FG G FG G k jk G F FG G F G jk GF FF GF F F FG j GF FG G FG j FG G G k jk FG G G GF GF F F FG G F F j k F jk G F G F G F F G j F G F G G F F G F F G GF GF F F G FG G GG F G F GG FG G F GF F G F F FG G FG G F G FG G GF FF GG GF GF F FGG FG F F G egg GF GF k F G jk G F F F F G F G GF F G F G F G F G F G F G j F G F G F G F G F G F F G G F G F G F G G F F G F G GF F FG F F G F G G GG GF G F F G G F F G F G G GF F F G GF GF GF G GG G F FG GF FG F G G G F F F G G F F G FG F FF G F GG F F GF F FG G GF F F G F G G FF G F FG G GF F GG GF F GG F G F F FF m e at G F G G FG G G GF F FG G F G FG FG FG G GF GF F k jk G F FGFG G F F j G F FG G FG G GF F F FG FG F G FG G FG F G k jk FG FG FG G G F G G F F F j FG G F G F G G F F F G F FG F G F G F G G F F G F k F G jk FG G GG F FG G FG G j FG F F G GF F F F G F GF F F F se af o o d F G GFG FG G GFGFGF F G F FG G FG G GG F FGF G FG G F GGF FG FG G F G G FG G F F F G F G G F F F G F F G F G F F G F G G F F G G F F G F G F G F G G F G F G F F FG G F G F FG F FG G FG G FG G G FFGG G F G F G G GF G F F FG FG G F F GFG F F F G G G v e g e t aG F F F F FG FG G F G G F FG G G F F GF F FG G F G G F F G F G F F G F G F G F G F G F G F G FG G GF F F G F GF G G G F F G FF F G G G F GG F G F G F GF F k j F G FG F GF G F G F G F FG G G F G FFG F FG FGFGG FG G F FG G FG G F FF G F G F F G GF G FG G G FG FGF GFF FG G milk G G GF F F F F G F GF F G F G G F G G F F G GF F G F G F FG FG G G F GF G FG GFGFFG F F G G F F G G F F G F G G F F G FG G F F G G GF G F G F F F FG G F FG FG F GG F FG G F FG GG F 0% 20% F G F GF F G FG FGGF FG F F G G F G G F G F G F G F G F G F G F G F G F G F G F FG G F G FG F G FG G GF F G F F G F G F G F G F G FG G GF F F G G GF F FG G G F FG G F G G F G FG G F F F G F F FG G F G GF F F GF FG G FG G F G F G F G G FG F G F G F FG F G k GF GF F F j F G k j FF G GF F G F F k j GGFG GF G F k G G F G F G GFG F F G k j j G G F G k j jk F G F F G F k j F G FG G F G FkjG G F G F G F G F G k j F G F F FG G G F F FG GF F G F k j G F F GFGFGF G G F G F G G G F G F F G G F F GFGF F FG G c al o r i e s k j k j G F F G F G F G G F j G G F F G FG FG G G G GF F F G k j k F G k F j G GF F G F F F G GF G F G F F F G G F F G k F G j G F F G G F F G FG G F G G F G F G F G F k j FG G F F G F G GF F F G F F G F G FG GF F G FG G Gkj GF F F G FG G F F GF k F j F G GF F F G F G F G GG G F F F G F F FG G FG FGFG GF FG FG G G G G FG G F G F FFGFG j k j k G FG G GF F p o t ato k j k F G FG G GG G F F F k j FG j k jk G F GF GF F G F FG F GF F jG FG G G G F F FG FG GF G F F G F F k j G F GG GFGF GF FGGFGFGF GFGF GF F k jk j G F G G F FG G G F FG FG G G GF F G F G F G F F F FG G F G k GF j G F GG F FF F GF F G G FG G GF F F G G G GF F G F G F G G F F F FFG F FG k F j FG G G F FG G FG G F G G G F FG F G G F FG GF G FGFGF GF GFG k F j k k j j c e re al FG G F F G FF G F k j k F G F GF GF G F G F FG jG k jG k j G F G F F G FG G F G F kj F FG G FG G FG G F G FG G F FG G F GF GF GF GFFGGFGF GF FG GF F G FF F G G F FG G F kj kj G F G F k j F FG G GG F G F F F G FG G FG G G F GF F F F G F F F G FG G k j F GF GF F FG k j GG G F G G GF F F F GF F G F G F G k j FG G FkjG G G G FG F FG G F Fkj G egg G F GG F FG G FG G F G F FG FG G GG F F FF G GF F F G G FG G F F G F GF GF FG FG G G F GFGFGF G F GF FG G G F F G F F G F G G G F F F F F G F G F G F F G F F G G F FG FG G G G F G F FG FG FG G G F GF GF FG FF G G F F GF F F F GF F G F G F G F F G FFFG GFG G GG FGG G FF FG G G G F F G FFG GF F FG FG G F F G k j GF F FG G FG G F GF G FG G m e at G F G G F G G F F FG F F G k j GF F F G F G FG G F FG G FG F G G F F F F k j F G F F FG G FG FG G G F G FG F GFG GG F FG G F G GF F F G F GF G G F F F GF GF G GF F FF G F FG G G G GF GFFGGF GF GFGFGF FG GF GF G G F G FG FF FG F G G G GF F FG G G F F FF F F G GGF FG G G F G F F G G F G FG G G F F G F F G F G F G G F G F F G F G G F F G F G G F F FG G G FG G F G GGF F se af o o d GF F F F G G F G G F F G F F G F G FG G GF G F F G F G FF G F GF F G F G FG G F G G GF FG G FG G FG G GF F G F F F G F F F G F G F G G F G F G F F G G F FF G FG G G F G F F G G F F F G F G G G F FG G F F G G F G F v e g e t aG F G F F G FG G F G G F F G F F G F F G G F FG G F FG FG G F G FG FG G G F G F G G F F G F G F G G FG F GF GF F F G G F F G FG F G G F GF F F G FFGF FG G G GF F FGF GF FG G F G F G FG G F G F G milk F G GF F G F FG GF F FG G FG G F G F G F G F F G FG F F G G F G FG G F G G F G F G G FG G F G F F G F F F G GG F F F G G F F G F G F G F G G F FGF GF GF GFFG G G FG G F G FG F G 0% 20% F FG FG G F F G G F F GF F G

me meat at

GF F GF G

FG G FG FG F FG G F

GG F GF F G F

GF F G GG F F

GF F G G F G F GF F G

F G F FG G FG G F F G FG G F G GF F FG GG GF GF F GF F

cceere realal eegggg me meat at sseeafafoooodd 40%

60%

80%

1 00% 1 20%

1 40%

1 60%

ve veggeetata-

pre school - kindergarden

milk milk

ccalo alorie riess po potato tato

Lorem ipsum

Lorem ipsum

F G

F G

F G F G F G

GG F F GG F F

F G

G F

F G

F G

FG F G G F

F G

FG G F

F G

G F

F G

GG F F

GF GG F G F F

F G

F G

GF F G

F G

GG F F

GG F F G F G F

G F

G F

G F

F G

GG F F

G F G F

G F

G F

GF F G

F G

F G F G

GG F F

F G

F G

F G

F G

F G

F G

FG G F

F G

FG G F G F F GFFGFG G F G FG F FG FFGFGF G G F G G F GF F G G F G

G F G F

F G F G

GG F F

G F

GG F F FG

F G

G G F F FG

FG G F GF F G F FG FG G F F FG G F G FG G F G FF G F G F G G

F G G F

G F

F G

FG G F F G FG G F FG G FG F G F FG G F G F G FF F G G F FG F G F G G

G F F G

F G F FG G

GG F FGF

FG G F

F G

F G F G F G

F G

FG G F G FGF FG FG G FG G FFG F G F F G F G F G FG G FGF

G F

G F

G F F G F G

F G G F

F G G F

FG G F

F G

G F G F

G F

F G G F FG G F F G G F F G F G G F F G G F

FG G F

G F G F G F

G F

F G G F

G F

GG F F G F

GG F F

FG G F

GF F G

FG G F

1 60%

cceere realal

me meat at 33

sseeafafoooodd

se af o o d

FG G F

ve veggeetata-

v e g e t a-

GF F G GF GF F G GFG F GG F F

G F G F

m e at

GG F F

3

eegggg

c e re al egg

FG G F GF F G

G F

GG F F

F G

FF G GF F G G

G F F G

G F

1 40%

p o t ato

G F

GG F F G F

G F F G

F G

1 00% 1 20%

c al o r i e s

GF F G GF F GG GF F F G F GF G FG G F

G F

G F

G F F G F G

GG F F

FF G FG G

F G

80%

FG G F FG G F

F G G F

FG G F F G

60%

middle school

G F FG G FF GG F GF G F FG G F FG G F

G F

G F F G

40%

GF F GGF

F G G F

GG F F

F G

F G F G F G G F F G

G F

G F

G F

F G

FG G F FG

F G

FG G F G FG FFGG G FG F FG F F G F G F G F G FG G F G F F G FGFG F G G F GFG FG G F G G FG FG F FG F FG G F G F FG F F G F G FG G FG G FG FG FG FG G FG FF G F FGFGF GG F F F F G G F G F G F G FG G F G FF FG G FG FG FG G F G FG G FG G F GF GF F G FGF GF G F F GF F G F G F G F G F G F G FF G F G F G FG FG G FG G F G F F G FG F G FGFG F GFGF FG G FG G F G FG G F G F F F G F G F G F G F G F G FG G G F F G F FG G FG FGF GFGF GFGF G F G F FG G F G F G F FG G F FG G F G F G FF G FG F G F G G FG G F FG FF FG G FG FG G FG F G FG G FF GF G FG FG FG F FG G F FG FG G FG F G F GF F GF F G G FG G F

F G

G F G F F G G G GF F F F G

FF G G GF F GG F

FG G FFG

F G

F G

F G G F

F G

FG G FF G

Lorem ipsum

F G F F G G F G

FG G F

F G G F

G F

milk

GF F G 0%

G F

GF F G

GG F F G F G FF G G FG F jG G F FF GF FG G G F F G F FG FG G FG FF GFG G F F FF G G G FG FG G F F G GG F F G F

GG F F

0 0.75 1.5

GG F F

40%

60%

80%

1 00% 1 20%

1 40%

1 60%

milk milk

source: junaeb & ministry of education

GG F F FG G F 3

GG F F

20%

high school

GG F F

GG F F

4.5

Kilometers 6

jj FF

p rotein 1 00g rainbo w: 20 g

GG F F

GG F F

FG G F

GG F FG FG F

rainbow trout p rotein 1 00g

GG F F neck : 1 7. 5 g

breast: 1.5 311.5 g 00 0.75 0.75 te nde rl oin: 1 8 g

33

back : 20 g wing: 30. 5 g drumstick : 1 8 g th igh : 24 g tail : 22. 54 g egg: 1 3 g

4.5 4.5

neck

Kilometers Kilometers 66

tenderloin back

breas

wing

tail

ppro rotetei ni n1 100 0

thigh

drumstick

rai rainnbboow: w:22 egg

p rotein 1 00g

chicken / egg

h ead: 27. 57 g jo wl : 6 g neck : 1 7. 5 g sh oul de r: 23 g p icnic: 21 . 1 g h ook : ? g back f at: 2. 9 g l oin: 27 g ribs: 1 5 g bacon: 5. 7 g h am: 1 4 . 3 g

neck

back fat

shoulder

loin

head jowl

ham picnic

bacon hook

pork

p rotein 1 00g

cattle:

peas:

spinach

pig

20923~48259

1 3 7. 9 ~ 2 8 8 . 7 3 5 . 4 ~ 1 3 7. 9

24.97 ~ 85.2

353733 ~ 726559

85.2 ~ 469.9

107702 ~ 353733

10051~20923 4710~ 10051

al mond: 21 g

43943 ~ 107702

p rotein 1 00g

11010 ~ 43943

0 87.5

350

525

Kilometers 700

0 87.5

350

525

Kilometers 700

0 87.5

350

525

Kilometers 700

0 87.5

350

525

bot tom sirl oin: 25. 7 g round: 28 g ox tail : 8 g sh ank : 34 g mil k : 3. 4 g f l ank : 28 g p l ate: 27 g brisket 21 g

tongue

ssppi innaacchh

ppi igg

113377. .99 ~~ 228888. .77 3355. .44 ~~ 113377. .99

2244. .9977 ~~ 8855. .22

335533773333 ~~ 772266555599

8855. .22 ~~ 446699. .99

110077770022 ~~ 335533773333 4433994433 ~~ 110077770022 1111001100 ~~ 4433994433

212

350 350

525 525

Kilometers Kilometers 700 700

00 87.5 87.5

350 350

525 525

Kilometers Kilometers 700 700

brisket

rib

plate shank

00 87.5 87.5

350 350

525 525

tenderloin ox tail top sirloin round bottom sirloin flank shank milk

ppro rotetei ni n1 100 0

hheead: ad:27.5 27.57 j oj owl wl: :66gg nneecckk: : 1 17.5 7.5 sshhooululde der:r:2 ppi ci cnni ci c: :21 21.1. hhooookk: :? ?gg bbac ackkf at f at: :2.9 2 l ol oi ni n: :27 27gg riribbss: :1 155gg bbac acoonn: :55.7.7 hham : 1 4 .3 am : 1 4 .3g

ppro rotetei ni n1 100 0

ppeeaass: :

00 87.5 87.5

chuck

beef

2200992233~~4488225599

Kilometers Kilometers 700 700

short loin sirloin

neck head cheek

Kilometers 700

44771100~~ 1100005511

nneecckk: :1 17.5 7.5g bbre reas ast t: :3131g tetennde derlrlooi ni n bbac ackk: :20 20gg wi winngg: : 30.5 30.5 drum drumsst ti ci ckk: t thhi gi ghh: :24 24gg t taiail :l :22.

22.54 54 eegggg: :1 133gg

almond

h ead: 26. 61 g ch eek : 25 g tongue: 1 5 g neck : 26 g ch uck : 25 g rib: 22 g sh ort l oin: 24 g sirl oin: 27 g te nde rl oin: 24 g top sirl oin: 21 . 2

ccaattttl lee: :

1100005511~~2200992233

ppro rotetei ni n1 100 0

ribs

hook

Kilometers Kilometers 700 700

alalmmoonnd:d:21 2

ppro rotetei ni n1 100 0

hheead: ad:26.

26.66 cchheeeekk: :25 25g to tonnggue ue: :1 155 nneecckk: :26 26gg cchhuc uckk: :25 25g riribb: :22 22gg sshhoortrtl ol oi ni n: ssi rl i rlooi ni n: :27 27 tetennde derlrlooi ni n to toppssi rl i rlooi ni n

source: junaeb & ministry of education

eters p ro te i n 1 0 0 g ra i n b o w : 2 0 g

rainbow trout p ro te i n 1 0 0 g n e c k : 1 7. 5 g b re a s t : 3 1 g te n d e r l o i n : 1 8 g back: 20 g wi n g : 3 0 . 5 g drumstick: 18 g thigh: 24 g t a i l : 2 2 . 54 g egg: 13 g

neck

tenderloin

tail

back breas

wing

thigh

drumstick

egg

p ro te i n 1 0 0 g

chicken / egg

h e a d : 2 7. 57 g jowl: 6 g n e c k : 1 7. 5 g shoulder: 23 g picnic: 21.1 g hook: ? g backfat: 2.9 g loin: 27 g ribs: 15 g b a c o n : 5. 7 g ham: 14.3 g

neck

back fat

shoulder

loin

head jowl

ham picnic

ribs bacon

hook

hook

pork

p ro te i n 1 0 0 g almond: 21 g

p ro te i n 1 0 0 g head: 26. 61 g cheek: 25 g to n g u e : 1 5 g neck: 26 g chuck: 25 g rib: 22 g short loin: 24 g sirloin: 27 g te n d e r l o i n : 2 4 g to p s i r l o i n : 2 1 . 2

almond b o t to m s i r l o i n : 2 5 . 7 g ro u n d : 2 8 g ox t a i l : 8 g shank: 34 g milk: 3.4 g flank: 28 g pl a te : 2 7 g b r i s ke t 2 1 g

short loin sirloin

neck head cheek tongue

chuck

brisket

rib

plate shank

beef

tenderloin ox tail top sirloin round bottom sirloin flank shank milk

213

JardĂ­n Infantil y Sala Cuna Caracolipsum

214

Jardin Infantil Los Cachorros En Pudahuel

wate r treated groun d w ate r

215 s a n d / c h a rc o a l

216

re m o ve c h l ori n e

wate r t re ate d grou n d w ate r

s a n d / c h a rc o a l f i l te r

h u m i di ty

rainbo w trout am m on i a N H3

o y s te r m u s h ro o m s

detritivore nutrients

nitrosomonas N H 3 to N O 2

O2

nitrospira N O 2 to N O 3

i r r i gat i on

plants

alfalfa m u l b e r r y t re e

m an u re

p ro te i n

wheat b ro c c o l i

spinach spirulina

animals human goat c h i c ke n duck

217

68. 21 68. 22

67. 21 67. 22

66. 21 66. 22

65. 21 65. 22

64. 21 64. 22

63. 21 63. 22

62. 21 62. 22

61. 21 61. 22 P

69. 21 69. 22 70. 21

51~55

70. 22

60. 21 60. 22

58. 21 58. 22

57. 21 57. 22

N

56. 21 56. 22 11

11 24

P

K

mulbe rry t re e

al f al f a

silk wo rm

c h ic ke n

55. 21 55. 22

10

12

K

1 2

46~50

56~60

59. 21 59. 22

13 21 14 21

12 24

9 22

54. 21 54. 22

9 21

53. 21 53. 22

41~45

61~65 8 22

13 22

13 24

15

1 7

8 21

14 22

6 32

1

6 33

7 22

7 21

36~40

16~20 5

4 4

5

3 4

2

14 24

3

5

2 4

5

4

52. 21 52. 22 51. 21 51. 22

50. 21 50. 22 49. 21 49. 22

6 32

P

1 4

K

48. 21 48. 22 47. 21 47. 22

15 24

21~25

31~35 g o at

1. 21

1. 22

bro c c o l i

26~30

16 24

2. 21 2. 22

17 24

18 24

26. 21 26. 22

27. 21 27. 22

38. 21 38. 22

25. 21 25. 22

28. 21 28. 22

37. 21 37. 22

16. 22

24. 21 24. 22

29. 21 29. 22

36. 21 36. 22

17. 22

23. 21 23. 22

30. 21 30. 22

35. 21 35. 22

22. 21

22. 22

31. 21 31. 22

34. 21 34. 22

21. 21 21. 22

32. 21 32. 22

33. 21 33. 22

3. 21

3. 22

12. 21

12. 22

4. 21

4. 22

13. 21

13. 22

5. 21

5. 22

14. 21

14. 22

6. 21

6. 22

15. 21

15. 22

7. 21

7. 22

16. 21

8. 21

8. 22

17. 21

9. 21

9. 22

18. 21

18. 22

10. 21

10. 22

19. 21

19. 22

11. 21

11. 22

20. 21

20. 22

46. 21

46. 22

45. 21

45. 22

43. 21

43. 22

44. 21

44. 22

42. 21

42. 22

41. 21

41. 22

39. 21

39. 22

40. 21

40. 22

N

6.0

7.0

soil ph o yste r mush ro o m

duc k

3/8" d e e p

1" deep

3" d e e p

pe re n n ia l

N

annual f u ll su n pa rtia l su n

system 1: age 4-6 interaction with chickens soil, plants, trees and worms

f u ll sha d e

system 1: age 6 up interaction with chickens,goat, manure soil , plants, fish, mushroom, water

su n

sha d e n itroge n

P 65 day rotation cycle

N

K

pota ssiu m phosphorou s

prote in

n u trition spir ul ina

pla n ts

wh e at

f ish wa te r

2 X pygmy goat

70 day rotation cycle

irriga tion

6 X chicken

1,000 sqm surface area

218

f ood

N

6 X chicken

1,560 sqm surface area

rain bo w t ro ut

spinac h

wa te r n e e d

wa te r n e e d

a n im a l: size

pla n t: size

time protein age production

range

Jardín Infantil y Sala Cuna Caracol Jardin Infantil y Sala Cuna Villa Universo

8am - 2pm

46- 81 g

protein

customers: 30 +

calories

2000-2400 calories dinner: 800 calories/ 27 g of protein

Jardín Infantil y Sala Cuna Albert Edelfelt

protein

46- 70 g

range

Jardin Infantil Los Cachorros En Pudahuel

8am - 4pm

ministry of education spring

4

1400- 1600 calories

calories

1

2

3

4

1

ministry of social development and family

1

2

3

4

1

winter

summer

3

2

4

3

1

2

3

5

4

8:39am - 4:30pm

lunch: 533calores/ 7 g of protein

protein

1

2

3

6

4

1

2

1

2

3

4

1

7

2

3

4

1

8

2

3

9

3

4

10

1

2

4

3

4

1

2

11 3

4

1

2

12 3

4

snack: 320 calories/ 4.2 g of protein

Junaeb ( national board of school assistance and scholarships)

range

19 - 21 g

age 4 - 6

fonasa (national health fund)

ministry of health

lunch: 733calories/ 23.3 g of protein

2

fall

vacation

2000-2200 calories

vacation

age 6 up

ministry of health

snack: 440 calories/ 17.5 g of protein

calories

7am - 5pm

vacation

calories

range

34 - 46 g

protein

2000 - 2800 calories snack

bidding

lunch

private cooking company 7 am

8 am

9 am

10 am

11 am

12

1 pm

3 pm

2 pm

4 pm

5 pm

6 pm

initial construction fee

vacation

school meals program

2000 - 2800 calories

teachers: 20 -40

lunch: 933 calories/ 15.3 g of protein

snack: 560 calories/ 9.2 g of protein

3.82 m

goat

rainbow trout

pea

0.45 m 0.45 m

0.015 m^3 20 m

9.14 m

1g of protein/ plant

3m

0.06 kg almond/ day

0.45 m 0.154 m

soy

110 seeds / plant

0.154 m 0.154 m

1.828 m

5 g of protein/ plant

15 seeds / plant

1.828 m

18.75 g of protein/ year

1670. 8 m^3

0.12 m^3

0.04 m^3 4 g of protein/ plant

3m 3m

250 seeds/ plant

2.8 m 2.8 m

chicken

27 m^3

6oo g of protein/ trout

2.8 m 3 kg of trout

3.82 m

6 g of protein/ egg

0.92 eggs/ day

2.7 L - 5.4 L of milk

205 g of protein/ day

22 m^3 3.82 m

14.5 g of protein/ plant

food 56 m^3

9.14 m

wheat

almond

0.914 m

source

0.127 m

school maintaining fee

0.127 m

spinach

barrancas: servicio local de educacion publica

red meat

seafood

poultry

eggs

dairy products

complete protein

histidine

peas

beans

grains

incomplete protein

isoleucine

leucine

lysine

methoninine

vegetables

nuts

soy

complementary protein

phenylalanine

tryptophan

tyrosine

valine

diet

Jardín Infantil y Sala Cuna Caracol

76 children

Jardin Infantil Los Cachorros En Pudahuel

112 children

valine tyrosine tryptophan serine thereonine phenylalanine proline methoninine lysine leucine isoleucine histidine glycine glutamine glumatic acid cystetine aspartic acid asparagine arginine alanine

aguas andinas for space and water

carbon hydrogen protein

oxygen

students: growing / maintaining

nitrogen amino acids

3,760 g of protein/ day

berry

3,220 g of protein/ year

fish

54,431 g of protein/ year

algae

17510 g of protein/ year

alfalfa

wheat

122400 g of protein/ year -------------------------------2 61,200 g of protein for human

1,034,000 g per 275 days

spinach

egg

mushroom

11,946 g of protein/ year

26,280 g of protein/ year

=

milk

50,830 g of protein/ year

225,417 g per 270 days 21 % protein for lunch

219

relationship

H20

human

food

O2

H20

food

solid

gas

liquid

solid

O2

food

O2

H20

solid

gas

liquid

work

gas

liquid

sun

sun

sun goat

chicken

fish

solid

gas

manure

CO2

solid

liquid

manure milk

manure

egg

food

O2

H20

soil

CO2

H20

soil

CO2

H20

solid

gas

liquid

solid

gas

liquid

solid

gas

liquid

cow

vegetable

solid

gas

manure

CO2

gas

root/ leaf

solid

liquid

O2

gas

berry/ leaf

liquid

O2

urine

soil

H20

CO2

mulberry tree

solid

liquid

milk

food

sun

sun

sun

liquid

CO2

CO2 ammonia

urine

gas

solid

liquid

gas

food

H20

O2

O2

H20

moisture

solid

gas

solid

liquid

gas

liquid

solid

sun

sun

gas

liquid

silk

sun

algae silkworm

mushroom

algae

goat m solid

gas

liquid

O2

H2O

solid

gas

liquid

solid

gas

silk

CO2

output

liquid

cow mi vegeta

CO2

egg

berry/t

113 m^3 input

2,560 m^2 input

130 x rainbow trout

230 kg

mulberry tree

vegetable

fish

output

220

23 x trees input

output 4644 kg

berry

130 x rainbow trout output

113 m^3

230 kg

fish

water source

0.9 kg/ 5,000 silkworm

4,000 m^3

47 sqm

3 m^3

5,000 worms

silk

time protein age production

range

Jardin Infantil y Sala Cuna Villa Universo

8am - 2pm

46- 81 g

protein

customers: 30 +

calories

Jardín Infantil y Sala Cuna Caracol

2000-2400 calories dinner: 800 calories/ 27 g of protein

Jardín Infantil y Sala Cuna Albert Edelfelt

ministry of health

4

1400- 1600 calories

calories

1

2

3

4

ministry of social development and family

winter

1

1

2

3

2

4

summer

3

2

4

3

1

2

3

4

5 8:39am - 4:30pm

lunch: 533calores/ 7 g of protein

protein

1

2

3

4

6

1

2

1

2

3

7

4

1

2

8

3

4

1

2

3

4

9

3

4

10

1

2

3

4

11

1

2

3

4

12

1

2

3

4

snack: 320 calories/ 4.2 g of protein

Junaeb ( national board of school assistance and scholarships)

range

19 - 21 g

age 4 - 6

fonasa (national health fund)

ministry of health

lunch: 733calories/ 23.3 g of protein

1

fall

ministry of education spring

2000-2200 calories

vacation

calories

8am - 4pm

snack: 440 calories/ 17.5 g of protein vacation

age 6 up

protein

46- 70 g

range

Jardin Infantil Los Cachorros En Pudahuel

7am - 5pm

vacation

vacation

school meals program

2000 - 2800 calories

calories

snack

range

34 - 46 g

protein

2000 - 2800 calories

teachers: 20 -40

lunch: 933 calories/ 15.3 g of protein

snack: 560 calories/ 9.2 g of protein

bidding

lunch

private cooking company 7 am

8 am

9 am

10 am

11 am

12

1 pm

3 pm

2 pm

4 pm

5 pm

6 pm

3.82 m

goat

chicken

rainbow trout

soy

pea

wheat

0.015 m^3 20 m

9.14 m 9.14 m

almond

1g of protein/ plant

3m 0.45 m 0.45 m

0.06 kg almond/ day

5 g of protein/ plant

1.828 m 0.45 m 0.154 m

110 seeds / plant

15 seeds / plant

1.828 m 0.154 m 0.154 m

18.75 g of protein/ year

1670. 8 m^3

0.12 m^3

0.04 m^3 4 g of protein/ plant

3m 3m

250 seeds/ plant

3 kg of trout

2.8 m

2.8 m 2.8 m

27 m^3

6oo g of protein/ trout

0.92 eggs/ day

3.82 m

3.82 m

6 g of protein/ egg

2.7 L - 5.4 L of milk

205 g of protein/ day

22 m^3

14.5 g of protein/ plant

food 56 m^3

0.914 m 0.127 m 0.127 m

source school maintaining fee

spinach

barrancas: servicio local de educacion publica

red meat

seafood

poultry

eggs

dairy products

complete protein

histidine

beans

peas

grains

incomplete protein

isoleucine

leucine

lysine

methoninine

vegetables

nuts

soy

complementary protein

phenylalanine

tryptophan

tyrosine

valine

diet

Jardín Infantil y Sala Cuna Caracol

valine tyrosine tryptophan serine thereonine phenylalanine proline methoninine lysine leucine isoleucine histidine glycine glutamine glumatic acid cystetine aspartic acid asparagine arginine alanine

aguas andinas for space and water

carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen

protein students: growing / maintaining

amino acids

221

76 children 3,760 g of protein/ day

1,034,000 g per 275 days

solid O2

silk

CO2

H2O

CO2

vegetable

gas

egg berry/tea

manure 113 m^3 input

input

mi

input

230 kg

mulberry tree

vegetable

fish

output 130 x rainbow trout

output 4644 kg

food

130 x rainbow trout 113 m^3

output

3 m^3

47 sqm

berry

H20

CO2

230 kg

fish

solid input

input

CO2

23 x trees

2,560 m^2

gas

0.9 kg/ 5,000 silkworm

liquid silk

5,000 worms input

wet: 26.53 kg/ month

output

output

algae

silkworm

algae

mushroom

dry: 2.56 kg/ month

sun output

680 kg/ 2 month

spinach

605 kg/ 8 month

wheat

4644 kg/ 1 year

alfalfa

362 kg

26.53 kg

algae

alfalfa

12 eggs/ day egg 12 x chickens

2x goats input

input

solid

188 kids input

gas

human

chicken

goat

362 kg/ year 60 day growth cycle mushroom

O2 5.5 kg of milk/ day

output

output 12 eggs

12 eggs

output 940 m^2

milk

113 m^

fish

input

outpu 130 x rainbow trout

water source 4,000 m^3

47 sqm

222 input

time schedule

1

2

4

3

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

stage 1 stage 2 mulberry tree fall schedule

stage 3 stage 4

mushroom stage 1 stage 2 winter schedule

silkworm stage 3 stage 4

rainbow trout stage 1 stage 2 chicken spring schedule

stage 3 stage 4

summer schedule

stage 1

chicken

8

stage 2

announcment morning routine

algae stage 3 stage 4

calender math

9 reading workshop writing workshop

stage 1

a l fa l fa

stage 2 rest/ snack goat

stage 3

10

1 stage 4 nap

stage 1 science stage 2 trout

11 stage 3 observation

p ygmy goa t

stage 4

meal prep stage 1 12 stage 2 cow stage 3 lunch s p ir u l in a

stage 4

13 music stage 1 mushroom

stage 2 art stage 3

14

stage 4 pe s il k wor m stage 1 vegetables

math stage 2 15 stage 3 play stage 4

pack up

16 1

2

3

4

5

mu l b e r r y t re e

223

Wu,Wei (MAR-ARCII) No Boundary Square Las Parcelas, Peñalolén

224

225

CONTINGENCIES / METRICS Â Free fairs are part of the cultural heritage of Chile. In them, families and fruits are supplied with fruits and constitute the main means of commercialization of small farmers to access the final consumer

Wednesday, Saturday Thursday Sunday Tuesday Friday

226

total de ferias libres on Chile

1114

fruits

31.8%

numero de puestos

113,112

vegetables

49.6%

numero de feriantes

340,000

potatoes

6.9%

numero promedio de puestos por feria

166

fish

2.8%

venta promedio mensual por puesto

$1.5 million

others

8.9%

venta promedio mensual por feria

$254.8 million

CITY ANALYSIS

field pattern study

The infrastructure elements of the modern ity, by their nature linked together in open-ended networks, ofefer another example of the field conditions in the urban context. A complete examination of the implications of field conditions in architecture would necessarily reflect the complex and dynamic behaviors of architectureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s users, and speculate on new methodologies to model program and space _ Stan Allen

Blocki sland (Maipu)

U shape (Maipu)

Network nodes (La Reina, Las Condes)

Between lines (Pedro Aguirre Cerda)

Triangle form (Pedro Aguirre Cerda)

residential building as surrounding object to define a small public space

residential building define open space, which connects to street in one wing.

enlarge transportation nodes and offer a territory to contain street activities

gap between neigbor building can be desgined as gathering space

triangle land can always have a small corner for open field

One actived shelter (Puente Alto)

Urban lines (Renca)

Hallway (Huechuraba)

Cross (San Bernardo)

Chain (Maipu)

single actived shelter in a open land can be as a centripetal point of open field

thin urban lines can not only be a identity of fabrication, but also a linear open space

space within the buildings can be a hallway to a larger open space

using residential building as surrounding object to generate a small public space

various of small open spaces connected by certain chain

Filter condition (San Miguel)

Blocks connection (Maipu)

Contour to infrstructure (Cerro Navia)

Along with street (EstaciĂłn Centra)

yard to park (La Reina)

landscape on the boundary perform as a filter from the street to the center

connect two or more blocks to generate a small public space connecting them

soft contour line bring friendly open space connecting to water tank

street as linear boundary to generate enlongate public space

open the private yard of residential building to connect to big park

227

SITE DYNAMICS / SCENARIOS using sustainable material to generate operative boundary is my main strategy of this project. It derived from the initial street market based boundary to all four boundaries, then to blur those boundaries. The wood will be used at the very begining of the project, for basic frame of the whole operative system, then the coconut fiber net is used to enclosed the wood frame units, both at the sides and ceiling. So main goal is that those mesh can be easily moved from the static wood frame, and recycled within the site, and distribute to the plant nursery and later new coconut fiber purchase.

STRATEGY using sustainable material to generate operative boundary is my main strategy of this project. It derived from the initial street market based boundary to all four boundaries, then to blur those boundaries. The wood will be used at the very begining of the project, for basic frame of the whole operative system, then the coconut fiber net is used to enclosed the wood frame units, both at the sides and ceiling. So main goal is that those mesh can be easily moved from the static wood frame, and recycled within the site, and distribute to the plant nursery and later new coconut fiber purchase.

r e s i d e n t i a l bu i l d i n g ba c k y a r d g a t h e r i n g

w a t e r t a n k ope r a t i on

urb an garde n

b us st at io n

local residents social event

Pa l e n a s t r e e t f ood m a r k e t

r es id ents g a ther ing

culture expression

loca l a r t exh ib ition

k id s p la y g r o u n d

wa t er pond company office

water company

w a ter ta n k op er a tion

urban garden

coconut fib e r r ecy cle

flood boundary

co c o n u t fibe r re c yc le

st r eet ma r ket

w a ste op er a tion

water pond

bike st or age

bus station

bues stopt

b a t hroom

Pa lena s tr eet food ma r ket k id s p la y g r o u n d

street market

ma t e ri a l s t org a e

c ommu ni t y of f i c e

plant nursery

Iteration 1 street market + partion of trees sale +local art exhibition + urban garden

Iteration 2 street market + large bus stop +pond to public +community social event

Iteration 4 street market + open coconut fiber recycling process + community event

Iteration 5 street market + urban garden to public celebeation + art exhibition

recycled coconut fiber

228

Iteration 3 street market +event in urban garden + residents party event

basic frame wood column and coconut fiber mesh

Iteration 6 street market +event in urban garden + residents party event

SCENARIOS

SITE DYNAMICS / SCENARIOS

COMMUNITY RELATIONS The site connects itself to the community throug four sides boundaries. one is dealing with temporary street market happening every Wdnesday and Sunday. one is about using planting nursery to prevent the risk of flood from main street, one is for water tank security, and last one is for adjacent residents buildings. Through the whole operative process, local people are main participants. Also, such a physical process help to

generate then thevisible the areaboundaries. when time passing. operative boundary is my main strategy of this project. It derived from the initial street market based boundary to all four boundaries, toidentity blur of those The material to generate my main strategythe of wood this project. derived thesides initial street market basedgoal boundary to all four boundaries, then to blur those boundaries. The of the project, for basic frame using of thesustainable whole operative system, then theoperative coconut boundary fiber net isisused to enclosed frame Itunits, bothfrom at the and ceiling.

So main wood will bewithin used at very begining of to thethe project, basicand frame of new the whole operative system, then the coconut fiber net is used to enclosed the wood frame units, both at the sides and ceiling. So main goal from the static wood frame, and recycled thethe site, and distribute plant for nursery later coconut fiber purchase. is that those mesh can be easily moved from the static wood frame, and recycled within the site, and distribute to the plant nursery and later new coconut fiber purchase.

Iteration 1 street market + partion of trees sale +local art exhibition + urban garden

COMMUNITY RELATIONS

coconut fiber recycling system happening here can also provide profit for the operation of whole ste

e initial street market based boundary to all four boundaries, then to blur those boundaries. The conut fiber net is used to enclosed the wood frame units, both at the sides and ceiling. So main goal o the plant nursery and later new coconut fiber purchase.

1 2 on n of trees sale arge bus stop urban garden public ocial event

4 5 on fiber nconut garden to recypublic munity event rt exhibition

n1 ion of trees sale + urban garden

Aguas Andinas are committed to developing our business ensuring the sustainable development of their key stakeholders.

this boundary ican be used as the space of entertainment and

social gathering Iteration 3 Iteration 2 for residents. street market +event in urban garden street market + large bus stop The site connects itself to the community throug four sides boundaries. one is dealing with temporary street market happening every Wdnesday and Sunday. one is about using planting nursery to prevent the risk + residents party event toispublic of flood from main +pond street, one for water tank security, and last one is for adjacent residents buildings. Through the whole operative process, local people are main participants. Also, such a physical process help to +community generate thevisible identity of social the areaevent when time passing.

small plant nursery programbuilt-up by local community and earn the profit by selling it to locapublic space

The proportion of green spaces and agriculturally used area in Penalolen, substantially decreased from 53.9% to 49.9% between 1993 and 2002 and to 48.1% between the years 2002 and 2009 - resulting in a total loss of green spaces of approximately 5.8% or 767 km2.

Iteration 4 street market + open coconut fiber recyIteration 2 3 event cling process +Iteration community street large bus stop garden street market market ++event in urban +pond to public + residents party event +community social event

Iteration 5 street market + urban garden to public Iteration 3 celebeation + art exhibition street market +event in urban garden + residents party event The built-up areas, with various building densities and streets, in turn increased from 31.1% in 1993 to 38.9% in 2002 and 42.3% in 2009.

ÂŹ )UHH IDLUV DUH SDUW RI WKH Aguas Andinas cultural heritage of Chile. are In committed to developing our them, families and fruits are business ensuring the supplied with fruits and consustainable stitute the main means developof ment of their key stakecommercialization of small farmers to access the final holders. consumer

this boundary ican be used as the space of entertainment and social gathering for residents.

Iteration 6 street market +event in urban garden + residents party event

coconut fiber recycling system happening here can also provide profit for the operation of whole ste

bus stop wait area is corporated with street market from time to time

small plant nursery programbuilt-up by local community and earn the profit by selling it to locapublic space

ÂŹ )UHH IDLUV DUH SDUW RI WKH cultural heritage of Chile. In them, families and fruits are supplied with fruits and constitute the main means of commercialization of small farmers to access the final consumer

The proportion of green spaces and agriculturally used area in Penalolen, substantially decreased from 53.9% to 49.9% between 1993 and 2002 and to 48.1% between the years 2002 and 2009 - resulting in a total loss of green spaces of approximately 5.8% or 767 km2.

Iteration 5 6 Iteration streetstreet market + urban garden to public market +event in urban garden celebeation + art exhibition + residents party event

Iteration 2 streetIteration market +1large bus stop to public street market +pond + partion of trees sale social garden event +local art +community exhibition + urban

n4 oconut fiber recyon 2 mmunity event arge bus stop public ocial event

Iteration 5 street market + urban Iteration 4 garden to public Iteration 3 celebeation + art exhibition street market + open coconut fiber recystreet market +event in urban garden cling process + community event + residents party event

on 5 n garden to public rt exhibition

Iteration 6 street market +event in urban garden + residents party event

Iteration 6 street market +event in urban garden + residents partyareas, event The built-up with various building densities and streets, in turn increased from 31.1% in 1993 to 38.9% in 2002 and 42.3% in 2009.

Iteration 3 street market +event Iteration 2 in urban garden + residents event street market + largeparty bus stop +pond to public +community social event

Iteration 6 street market +event Iteration 5 in urban garden partytoevent street market + + residents urban garden public celebeation + art exhibition

bus stop wait area is corporated with street market from time to time

Iteration 3 street market +event in urban garden + residents party event

Iteration 6 street market +event in urban garden + residents party event

229

STRATEGY

using sustainable material to generate operative boundary is my main strategy of this project. It derived fro wood will be used at the very begining of the project, for basic frame of the whole operative system, then is that those mesh can be easily moved from the static wood frame, and recycled within the site, and distri

local residents social event

culture expression

company office

c o c o nut fi b e r r e c yc l e

flood boundary

bues stopt

230

street market

water company

rom the initial street market based boundary to all four boundaries, then to blur those boundaries. The the coconut fiber net is used to enclosed the wood frame units, both at the sides and ceiling. So main goal ibute to the plant nursery and later new coconut fiber purchase.

r es id e n t ia l bu ild in g ba c k ya rd g a t h e rin g

wa t e r t a n k o pe ra t io n

ur b an g ar de n

b us stati on

P a le n a s t re e t f o o d m a rk e t

resi d ents g a theri ng

l ocal art ex hi bi ti on

k ids play gr o und

w at er pon d

c o c o nut fi be r r e c yc l e

st r eet m ar k et

water tank operati on

u r ban g ar d e n was te operati on

w a te r p o nd

bi k e st or ag e

b u s s ta ti o n

ba throom

Pa l e na s tre et f o od m a rke t k ids play gr ound

ma teria l storga e

c ommunity office

231

TYPOLOGIES

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The node is more defined if it has a sharp, closed boundary and does not trail off uncertainly on every side; more remarkable if provided with one or two objects which are foci of attention. But if it can have coherent special form, it will be irresistible.â&#x20AC;?

_K.Lynch 1960:102

Housing and Site Street and Site Community and site boundary dividing substance

connection

divided area

issue

memory

event

immaterial element

LEYEND DIAGRAMS

release issue

FRAMED BOUNDARY

memory of yard trees land ownership buffuring zone reference: phaner house,Chicago, zoka zola

collect memory

PLAYFUL BOUNDARY

offering entertainment area for the community reference: Van Beuningenplein, carve landscape.

FRAGMENT BOUNDARY

welcome free circulation from the street, then to the site reference: memory museum, santiago, pezo and sofia

create event

GOAL Evaluation

BRIDGED BOUNDARY

POINT BOUNDARY

OUTSIDE BOUNDARY

connect rooftop space/public surveillance reference: Zhejiang Factory, China

gathering icon identity of the community reference: Crown Fountain, Chicago, Jaume Plensa

as indication between new and old, solid and void. reference: JA House, Pierinelli, Filipe Pina, Maria Ines Costa

BALCONY BOUNDARY

OPERATIONAL WALL

ABOVE BOUNDARY

GOAL Evaluation

community gathering threshold reference: home for senior citizens, switzerland, peter zumthor

flexible use to bring street event into the site, or bring site into street. reference: Storefront for art and arhitecture, New York, Steven Holl

open to urban fabrication, while keeping the sense of boundary. reference: Plate-au Offices, South Korea, S.E.E.D haus

NEW STRUCTURE LANDSCAPE BOUNDARY

containing multiple daily activities relieve the sense of urban barrier reference:

232

DOUBLE-WALL BOUNDARY

Inhabited by small street event and community activities reference: living the boundary, Francesco Cacciatore

INSIDE BOUNDARY

blur the difference between street activities and interior motions. reference: Poetry foundation, Chicago, John ronan.

STAKEHOLDERS

people around the boundary

Boundary can affect various of stakeholders at various aspect, from each community to city municipality. But in this page I would like to focus on the different stakeholder on the sides of the bondary, which can be physically affected if boundary condition being changed. Several main catagory will be included, they community gate, small business, street market, adjacent residents and the company of Aguas Andinas.

high school teenages

young without job

young

kids

self-employment

nature boundary

adult

under training

with job community safety office

adjacent residents

elder

street gate Carabineros de Chile

coconut fiber comoany recycling company event holder

Persa Palena street market

Aguas Andinas

small business

illegal vendors

legal vendors

employment department

bus station

infrastructure database

sympathetic congressman

rural farmer farmer people going out

people coming in

wholesale market

urban farmer

security office

buyer

bus systerm

community people

transantiago company

communal transit office

Persa Palena street market

finance office

visitors

PR OFFICE

233

Ding,Yuru (MLA-LAI) LOOPlantation Las Parcelas, Peñalolén

234

235

236

STAKEHOLDERS Community Compost Transformation & Reuse For Public Plantation

Aguas Andinas S.A. is the biggest drinking water supply company in Chile where it serves more than 8 million people in the 15,403 square kilometers of the Metropolitan Area with a distribution network of 13,258 kilometer placed on 70,000 hectares of land concession. The company owns more than 230 drinking water tanks of operative infrastructure that work closed doors 24/7 in almost all the Municipalities of Santiago involvin all the socioeconomic stratum of Santiago. Based on the data from the company’s report we obtain an average of 0.25 cubic meters per inhabitant in Santiago de Chile for the year of 2017. And it is the each inhabitant, from various workplaces, socioeconomic levels and life styles, as primary or secondary stakeholder, ensures that the project is constructively involved their desires and aspirations in an appropriate way.

The Mobility of Public Space for The Elderly

Enhance Neighborhood Connections Usability of Public Infrastructure for Children

Recycling Policy Making & Communication Collect & Analyze Data

Enrich Social Culture

Identify Local Problems

Design for Compost Reuse in Communal Spaces # 1: # 2: # 3:

Define Community Size

Improve Local Problems

Diversify Materiality

Construction of Public Facilities

Waste Recycling & Reapplication

C

Prioritize Implement Strategies

Maximize Resource Efficiency

Collect & Reuse Waste through Designed Artifacts

CO2

Promote Tidiness of Community Streets

2

paign

utor

g Cam

rer s eed gW re nu Ma

ltry

factu

u Po

n You

anu

rM

use

ho

er Distrib

ilize

ter

gh

clin Recy

Fert

ree) Fertiliz

Shared(F

anic

Org

Slu

Community Members Sustainable Development Organiztions Sustainable Development Organiztions Designers

3 4

Housewives Vegetable Growers / Sellers Weekend Market Owners

5

lantatio cP

Publ i

Department of Urban Planning

rogram nP

Public Property Maintenence Services

6

W

m

micomp er

er Resou at

rce

Underground Pipe Syste

Department of Agriculture

7

t os

V

Bro

s

Materials wn

rbon) (Ca

Ho us eh ol M d ar Pe Ve ke tM ge tR tat an ot ive tin ur e gF Ga rde ru its nD Kit eb ch ris en Sc rap Pu s bli cC on tain Cri er tte rs & Wo rm s Check up R outine Light & Moisture

Department of Agriculture

1

12

Agua Adinas S.A.

9

Kingdergarden Elementary School High School College

p um

P Air

raw

St

10

11

d

ar

Cr us he Ha dL y ea ve Thic s k Wit Corn h Pap / Dri ered Ste e r ed F lowe ms (Bro ccoli r Sta lks) /

bo

rd

Ca

aterials ( nM

gen) tro Ni

Gre e

Tank

Dr ied &

inas Water

Aguas And

8

Department of Energy Energy Foundation Investors Civil Engineers

12 Public Welfare Developers

13 14

Small Business Administration Environmental Resources Start-up Company Santiago de Chile Municipal Representatives

Decompose

16 E

C

H

I

15

Council of Environmental Policy Commercial Transportation Services Environmental ProtectIion Agency Ministry of Environment

L

237

COMMUNITY RELATIONS Community Compost Transformation & Reuse For Public Plantation

Giving the water network operated by Agua Andinas at Las Parcelas, the project is designed upon recognition of water infrastructure, as a site mark, and an indispensable resource for a well-performing residential district. Instead of positioning water as a physical element in design, the site is intervened to be a park that multifuntions as both a waste recycling and reuse portal as well as a public green space for social involvements to be cultured, at encounters of neighbours, freinds and families while they actively participate in waste collection and vermicultured processes. It’s hopeful that this underserved community then can be recharged into a lively convening to explore materialty from eftover and garden scraps to pet manure.

The site is transformed into a three layered park where composes an exclusive waste collection point for 12 community blocks and a public waste distribution point for weekend market near the major avenue, a transparent and semi-opening space to cultivate vermicompost in the back corner of the site, and a privileged-for-public green streetscape running through the entire space. It’s conceivable afterwards, for community members to apply transformed waste into fertilization of green house vegetables, experimental venue for street tree seedlings, as well as a living presentation to inspire the youth while preserving a sustainable lifestyle and generating vigorous aura for social lives

Las Parcelas Avenue (Major Traffic)

Existing Trees

Flora Eucryphia cordifolia Cav. Deciduous / nectar “ulmo honey” Height: up to 12m Native Frequent

Anopterus glandulosus Tasmanian laurel Height: Up to 10m (Small Tree) Native Frequent

Aristotelia chilensis

Deciduous / Chilean wineberry Height: Up to 5m (Small Tree) Native Frequent

Drimys andina

Shrub / White Petals Height: 1.2m Native Frequent

Avenida Consistorial Weekend Market

Layers of Spatial Functionality 1

Waste Collecting & Sorting for Community Blocks (inclusively)

Waste Collecting & Sorting for Weekend Market (inclusively)

2

3 Entry / Exit

1

3 5 4

2 Entry / Exit

Community Vermiculture Distribution & Vermicompost Stock (exclusively)

6

Public Green Space

7 8 9 10 11 12

Entry / Exit

Entry / Exit

238

239

Wu Leilei (MLA-LAAP) Therapeutic square Lo Blanco, La Pintana

240

241

CITY ANALYSIS

Substance Consumption in Chile

This initial research reveals the issue of substance consumption in Chile. Due to Chile’s geographic location, the country has become a popular transit and destination for drugs such as cocaine and marijuana. In 2018, the police force seized 1797 tons of processed marijuana, 1389 tons of pasta base and 556 tons of cocaine. The metropolitan area of Santiago had the highest drug arrest of 1192 case. The country is also struggling to find out that the user group has moved to young adults between 14-24, of which about 16% claimed the use of Marijuana. While substance consumption is a persisting issue in the country, every year only 7000 out of the 16 million drug addicts are treated through a rehabilitation program.

CHILE AS TRANSIT AND DESTINATION COUNTRY FOR DRUGS

DRUG ARRESTS IN 2018 Number of Arrests

Main drug seized per region in kg Cannabis procesada

142 334 227

Mexico

194

Venezuela

Colombia

251

Ecuador

418

Peru COCAINE

1192

Bolivia

223 355 465

Chile

168 118 109 26 32

Arica y Parinacota Tarapaca

Pasta base

7,000/yr drug addicts are treated

313

~16% students 14-24 age group use Marijuana

304

Antofagasta

611

Atacama

2561

Coquimbo

1594

Valparaiso

988

Metropolitana

2353

Maule

31

O’Higgins

556 Ton

138

Biobio

COCAINA

170

Araucania

28

1389 Ton

Los Rios

8

PASTA BASE

Los Lagos

15

1797 Ton

Aysen

1

MARIHUANA PROCESADA

Magallanes

5

N

+

LA PINCOYA

+

LA FLORENCIA

+

LA VICTORIA LA LAGUNA

+ +

LAS PARCELAS

LA PINTANA

HEALTH SERVICES SCHOOLS CRIME

IBT

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100 0

242

2500m

5000m

10000m

STAKEHOLDERS

The stakeholders map outlines who and what institutions are involved in drug rehabilitation process centered around the goal to heal the patient - Detoxification, Psychological rehabilitation, Social Rehabilitation, each expands to list out the organizations and individuals. In the diagram time is considered. According to the research, a complete rehabilitation takes at least four years. The diagram thus imagines a four-year program involving - first the hospital and physicians to detox. The psychological rehab is specifically cognitive therapy through water, considering a seasonal strategy since the properties of water depends on climate. The social rehab uses horticultural therapy in which plant materials that could be spatially combined with water therapy strategies.

JAN

YEAR 1

Drug Rehabilitation Program

APR

OCT

RA

O

TI

n

io ivat

cult

N

UNIVERSIT Y

L

IN

L

JU

L

JU

T

EG

CI

A

FAMILY THERAPY

SO

A

B

I IL

TA

TI

OCT

SUPPORT GROUPS

R

E

H

APR

ON

D01

AL

ouch touch

IC OL

w6 w7

TO

DE

JAN

YEAR 2

drug r g offenders o

landscape designer

psychologist

physician nutritionist

other patients

plant research

plant materials) herapy ( ltural t

PSY

u hortic

g/harvesting

pport family su

D30

e) y (waterscap therap

education

heroin

meeting group

ng & nseli cou

D25

e hadon met

hol alco

zepines zodia ben

DETOX CLINIC

w8

y plantin

itive cogn

X

w5

0

CH

w4

JAN

employment

w2 w3

HOSPITAL

unit comm

I

D2

IF

w1

N D15

OG

0

IO

THERAPEUTIC WATERSCAPE

APR

OCT

L JU

L

sound nd

JU

Colegio Iberoamericano la Pintana 1362 students

Mental health center, psychosocial programs, mental health of children and adolescents and adults, addiction programs for adults and adolescents, abuse and abuse reparation program, intrafamily violence program and prevention and health promotion programs.

YEARJAN 3

COSAM La Pintana

Municipalidad de La Pintana

OCT

Liceo D523 Parque Lass Americas

APR

YEAR 4

horticultural orticultu or tiicultura tura all therapy th the he pyy

D05 D1

T CA

Centro Educacional Santa Rosa del Sur Liceo Simon Bolivar

CESFAM Flor Fernรกndez Liceo Victor Jara

family health center, La PIntana municipality

243

DESERT

PRAIRIE

FOREST

SHRUB

SWALE/RETENTION

POND

CANOPY

CLIMBER

corryocactus brevistylus

nicotiana corymbosa

maytenus boaria

ephedra chilensis

stemodia durantifolia

nymphaea alba

acacia caven

lapageria rosea

friosyce aurata

acaena pinnatifida

muehlenbeckia hastulata

vicia ggraminea

junnelia scoparia

acaena magellanica

hydrangea serratifolia

ranunculus repens

EDIBLE

crataegus monogyna

citrus limon

N

❽ ❾ ❿

⓳

❼

❻ ⓰

❹

❺ ⓫ ⓬

❷

⓳

⓮ ⓲

❶ ⓲ ⓱

❻

❸

⓯ ⓭

0

WATERSCAPE

THERAPY

❶ reflection pool

❽ therapy center

❷ touch pool ❸ puddle play pool ❹ lotus pond

❿ fruit cultivation

❺ waterfall ❻ retention pond ❼ mist installation

❾ plant workshop ⓫ nursery

COMMUNITY

LANDSCAPE

⓬ water theatre

⓰ prairie

⓭ event pavillion ⓮ playground ⓯ skate park

⓱ desert ⓲ forest ⓳ shrub ⓴ swale

paving

mulch

standing water

colored paving

lawn

storm water

pervious paving

prarie

5M

15M

30M

tree shrub desert plants perennials acquatic plants

244

Therapy Center Cultivation Area

313m 3’40’’

153 m

Plant Workshop

1’

5

0’

’ Meditation Pond

8m 25

’’ 3’6

2’40’’

0m 23

Water Theatre

Touch Pool

1

m 1’30’’ 129

m 77

2’ Forest Bathing

Reflection Pond

Touch Pool

Sports

CONFIG. 01

+40’

CONFIG. 04

+30’

+5’

+20’

cultivation

therapy session

forest bathing

plant workshop

touch

visual

+5’ +5’ +10’

horticulture

walk

walk

77 min

45 min

CONFIG. 05

CONFIG. 02 meditation

look

+10’ +10 0

forest bathing

listen

sports

+15’

walk

jog

+10’

57 min

27 min

+10’

+30’

CONFIG. 03

CONFIG. 06

look

horticulture

touch

meditate jog

walk +15’

23 min

31 min

+5’ +20’

+10’

245

REHABILITATION T

C

Y

INTEGRATION

T

T

C

Y

C

Y

PREVENTION

therapy center

T cultivation

GREENHOUSE COMPLEX

plant workshop

plaza

C Y

active sports

youth center

246

THERAPY CENTER

PAVILLION + PUDDLE POOL

PLAYGROUND + REFLECTION POOL

HORTICULTURAL THERAPY

RETENTION POND

PLANT WORKSHOP + MEETING SPACE

FOREST BATHING

THEATER + WATERFALL

MIST INSTALLATION

DRUG REHAB

Drug trafficking is a serious problem prevalent on the sites of this studio. During the meeting with the locals, many expressed the concerns for substance abuse in the neighborhood. This study attempts to address this issue by understanding current practices of drug rehabilitation as well as the psychology of a drug user under rehabilitation. While many practices uses punishment-reward systems, others that focuses on empowering the individual to establish self-esteem has proven to be more effective and humane. As the sites provides excess water from the system, this proposal imagines opportunities to harness the otherwise wasted water for therapeutic purpose as a way to lower crime rates relating to substance abuse.

current rehabilitation practices

DRUG REHABILITATION PRACTICES cope with negative emotions: anger, depression, anxiety, shame

“Forgiveness Therapy”

punitive measures

reduce vulnerability to drug use

increase self-esteem

prison-like space military-like discipline

“CCC”

CO-DESIGN

client-centered care Building Motivation

cultivate gratitude

Coping with Urges

“SMART Recovery”

stimulate generosity

EMPOWER

“each individual finds his and her own path to recovery”

Problem Solving

cultivate sociality

Lifestyle Balance

Self-management and Recovery Training

“A Disease of Frozen Feelings”

insurance

manager

Drug Rehabilitation Program in a Russian Orthodox Church

MANAGEMENT

FINANCE foundation

community volunteers

THAWING EMOTIONAL WORLDS

REHABILITATION PROGRAM

loneliness

negative emotions DETOXIFICATION

SOCIAL INTEGRATION

NEIGHBORHOOD

UNIVERSITY

research/counseling

family members

UNIVERSITY

physician

FAMILY THERAPY

REHAB CENTER

nutritianist

other patients

DETOX CLINIC

doctor

SUPPORT GROUP

HOSPITAL

egoism

PSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION

cultivate sociality

HORTICULTURAL THERAPY

to relate

THERAPEUTIC GOALS

circulation

to care

instill a sense of belonging

heighten awarness of time/place

establish a sense of pride/ownership

①

②

③

detoxification

social activities

inhabitants

psychologist

psychiatrist

physician

identity transformation

COGNITIVE THERAPY

manage and control emotions

plant research

to care

plant scientist

to relate

psychological rehabilitation

support opportunities for sociality

cultivate gratitude

④

⑤

social integration

TRADITIONAL REHAB FACILITY an example case in Indonesia

247

SITE PLAN

Programs and Water

The site is laid out to address three aspects: psychological rehabilitation, social integration and prevention. Programs are developed around the focus to help the patients through the therapy program while engaging the surrounding neighborhood. Waterscape and planting scheme are designed to activate the sensory experience and help cultivate a sense of belonging. Water from the water tank is released to feed water into the waterscape. Storm-water is also captured and cleaned for continuous water source for the water features.

Horticultural Therapy Meditation

Forest Bathing

Therapy Center

Wetland

Reflection

Sports Park

Prairie

PREVENTION R E H A B I L I TAT I O N

Maintenance

Water Theater

I N T E G R AT I O N O P E R AT I O N

WATER OPERATIONS

1 / CAPTURE 2 / CLEAN

5

3 / STORAGE 4 / RELEASE 5 / REUSE meditation pool

5000m3 electricity station

248

purification station

water tank

therapy room

1 bioswale

plant workshop

2 retention pond

reflection pool waterfall

fountain play

cultivation nursery/forest bathing

249

Dou,Wei (MLA-LAAP) Nutritional Educational Slopes La Pincoya, Huechuraba

250

251

252

253

254

255

256

257

258

259

Campos,Karissa Lyla (MLA-LAAP) Mapuche Medical Center La Pincoya, Huechuraba

260

261

Canal

Greenhouse Gardens Cultivation for viewing & for sale

Escuela Particular Santa Luisa de Marillac

These look ready to take to the production factory!

Elementary School

Local Shared ProductionSpace

ES

CU

EL

A

Who wants to catch butterflies with me?

Acceso Norte Parque Huechuraba North Entrance to Huechuraba Park

262

This monthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s production is much higher than the last!

Lets head this way to the main garden plaza!

I’m about to cook dinner! Get some herbs from the garden!

Fences? How do you view the new community garden!

I took mine down last week!

I’m about to cook dinner! Get some herbs from the garden!

Centro Misericordia Community Center

TO HUEC

HURABA

GARDENS

Which way to the gardens?

PB1607-Avenida Recoleta / Esq. Jacarandá Bus Stop

263

STAGE 1 Zone of Cultivation

Lampa

This zone holds the largest amount of hillside acreage for potential cultivation

Colina

Approx. 800 Hectacres Lo Barnechea

STAGE 2 Zone of Production This zone holds the largest amount of Mapuches within the Santiago Region Approx. 275,000

Quilicura Huechuraba

Vitacura

Conchalí

Renca Recoleta

Las Condes Independencia

Cerro Navia Quinta Normal Providencia

STAGE 3 Zone of Consumption This zone holds the current Mapuche pharmacies and hightest number of Mapuche Organziations.

Lo Prado

La Reina

4 Pharmacies & 20 Organizations

Santiago Ñuñoa Pudahuel

Estación Central

Peñalolén

Maipú

San Joaquín Cerrillos

Cerrillos

Pedro Aguirre Cerda

Macul

San Miguel

15:00

GARDEN #1

GARDEN #3

Family that cultivates has grandparents that have dietary issues.

Plots near pathway that leads to Providencia. Part of cultural tour

Issues include: Digestion and stomach pains

1 large plot GARDEN #2

1 personal plot

Mapuche women make lavender goods such as soap, dried lavender bunches, heating pillows etc.

6 plots

N

25

264

50

100

13:00

12:00

2022 ft 2012

ft

19

95

ft

19

80

ft

1962

5

8

WINTER SOLSTICE

ft

1947 ft

1941

8

8

ft

SUMMER SOLSTICE

265

Huggins,Kimberley (MLA-LAAP) Young Elderly square La Victoria, Pudahuel

266

STAKEHOLDERS This community will be self-run and funded by the local municipality and Aguas Andinas, both of which benefit financially from a preventative health aspect of the program. Local health centers will utilize the urban fabric to encourage members to exercise the daily recommended amount.

Membersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; heart rates will be monitored with wristbands and discussed once a month with a nurse stationed at the water tank. This will create a node of activity that spans the water tank site, the soccerfield, the church, and the school, all of which will agree to open their gates during the day. The senior members will collect, recycle, and transform waste into better shared space and decreased municipal costs.

Learning Landscape

Funding Partners Government and Aguas Adinas

Health Partners & Monitors Weekly Check-ins & Events

Extension

CPA School & Church Participate in daytime open space

Elders & Children Various ability levels enabled with tools

267

URBAN ECOLOGIES Chileâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population demographic is changing rapidly, with the projected percentage of over-60s making up 32.9% of the total population by 2050. This is unfolding in the context of poor public policies to deal with an ageing society, a building typology that encourages isolation, and a decreasing household size. The common perspective of seniors is that they are almost entirely unable, however 75.9% report being independent and in good to excellent health. By deploying elements that enable seniors to shape their urban space, they can build stronger ties, decrease waste management needs, and increase urban vegetation.

2019 Seniors make up 15.7% of pop.

Decreasing Household Size 5.4 people to 3.3 people on avg.

268

2050 Seniors make up 32.9% of pop.

Confined Gardening Desire Guerilla gardening in sidewalks

Biggest Municipal Financial Burden 0.54-2.09 kg of waste/hab/day

METRICS Time spent alone increases with age, reaching more than half the waking hours by the age of 60+.

While this is not necessarily a bad thing, it is a good measurement of increasing chances of isolation. By examining the daily schedules of kids and working adults in the neighborhood, it is clear the seniors could interview social opportunities with kids before and after school as well as adults late at night. These interwoven programs can be framed in context of health and waste management issues. This studio project suggests that seniors can take control of local waste management, produce healthy soils, use them to activate open dirt patches, and spend time with youth.

0:00

6:00

12:00

21:00

ELDERS

School KIDS

ADULTS Commute to Work Daily rhythms as social opportunities

Non-Communicable Diseases

Common Diseases

Only supplies 191,000 pesos/ month = only 30% of monthly living cost of patient with dementia

86.1% of elderly in baseline tier 69.8% are middleto-low income Seniors in Baseline FONASA

COMPOST CALENDAR

75.9% Independent Excellent to good health

21.8% Diabetes 18% Depression 17.2% Osteoporosis

Solidarity Pension System

Independence

WASTE

HEALTH

62.1% Hypertension 0.4% More than six 22% Two chronic diseases 35.7% One chronic disease

8.7% Stroke 11.9% Paralysis 36% Dementia Dependency

48% of waste is organic material

Mean Solid Waste

10% only recycled (86% by informal collectors) Mean Solid Waste

Compost cycle every 2 months

Fruit & Vegetable Harvest

Ideal Tree Planting J

A

S

O

N

D

J

F

M

A

M

J

2

:

Green Compost Material (Nitrogen) - Fruit & Vegetable scraps, coffee grounds, egg shells, green leaves

1 Brown Compost Material (Carbon) - Mulch, dead leaves, sawdust, twigs, paper

269

COMPOST CARTS The soccer field will be turned into a site of waste management and soil production with compost carts that allow for easy spilling outside of the field boundaries. The soccer field is reduced in half (while still allowing for games of seven-on-seven) and oriented with E-W seating. The compost kiosks are arranged around the field relative to the type of waste management occuring inside and the siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s solar orientation. On the outside skin of the kiosk is bleacher seating that rings the field. A series of water pipes around the field link the compost to a heat recovery system that provides heating to the nearby school. The link between the senior community and school is further enhanced by the extension of the learning landscape into the soccer field site.

N

COMPOST

VERMICOMPOST

PLASTICS, PAPER, GLASS

S

Biower

CPA Los Cachorritos

270

SITE DESIGN The first design move requires careful punctuation into the existing walls and the construction of operable boundaries. These boundaries will be opened during the day and closed at night. The waste management program saves the municipality on their waste management costs (their biggest financial burden) and slowly produces soil. New walls within the soccer field and water tank site then become the armature within which soil and topography is built. This topography is intended to create challenging spaces for seniors and children while also building up access to vegetation for the neighborhood. A new soccer field, learning landscape, forest, and rooftop pond are introduced with a raised road to encourage free movement of the temporary food market into the new spaces.

s& las s, G stic per Pla Pa Ve rm

ico m

po st

Site of Soil Production and Arrival

Rehousing Tank Infrastructure & Compost Heat Recovery to School

Existing Wall Punctuation & New Operable Walls

Programs: Soccer Field, Learning Landscape, Forest & Rooftop Pond

iles st P po

m Co

Waste Management Type relative to Solar Orientation

Slow City: Raise Road inline with Sidewalk & Allow Market in Plaza

271

WATER TANK The introduced walls at the water tank site are eventually filled with topography built by bringing the compost carts to the site. Eventually the topography builds up enough to allow for people to access the rooftop pond and buries the health and water infrastructure programming inside. The void inside the water tank is converted into a library and large reading room within which social programs can also be hosted to aid seniors struggling to afford requirements. Small punctuations in the highest ring of the tank bring in light to play against the utilitarian concrete structure and create a beautiful space to inhabit inside. This is a gathering site that acts as the center of the larger community.

272

273

Hackenberger,Benjamin (MLA-LAI) Santiago Napkin City Florencia Cerro Navia

274

275

01. CITY ANALYSIS THE DIVIDED CITY

276

EVERY YEAR, 60% OF CHILE’S RAINFALL IS DIRECTED INTO THE OCEAN, AND SANTIAGO IS NO EXCEPTION. AS A CITY IN AN ARID FOOTHILLS ENVIRONMENT, IT IS PRONE TO BOTH FLOODING DROUGHT. IN SANTIAGO THE NATURAL WATER SYSTEM, WHICH RUNS EAST TO WEST, IS JUXTAPOSED WITH THE CITY’S SYSTEM OF CANALS, WHICH PRIMARILY DIVERT WATER TO THE NORTH, CONTRIBUTING TO THE INEQUALITY WE SEE IN THIS MAP. THIS CANAL SYSTEM IN PART CONTRIBUTES TO A PROBLEM OF INEQUALITY IN IRRIGATION AND PLANTING ACROSS MUNICIPALITIES OF DIFFERENT SOCIOECONOMIC STATURES. IN ADDITION TO THE LARGE AMOUNT OF WATER FLOWING THROUGH THE CITY’S TWO RIVERS, THE CITY RECEIVES 233mm OF WATER ON AVERAGE EACH YEAR. OVER THE METRO REGION’S 641 SQUARE KILOMETERS, THIS AMOUNTS TO ALMOST 170 MILLION CUBIC METERS OF WATER ANNUALLY.

02. HYDROLOGY RUNOFF CITY

HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE VALLEY OF SANTIAGO REVEALS A COLLECTION OF DIFFERENT WATERSHEDS, INCLUDING A CREASE DOWN THE CENTER OF THE VALLEY THAT DRAINS A SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF THE TERRITORY. RUNOFF FROM INDIVIDUAL SHEDS CAN BE CHANNELED AND CAPTURED TO IRRIGATE A MORE ROBUSTLY PLANTED PUBLIC REALM.

277

03. DISTRICT COLLECTIVE WATER MANAGEMENT

278

AT THE SCALE OF A NEIGHBORHOOD THE OVERALL TOPOGRAPHY OF VALLEY IS CONTRADICTED BY THE ENGINEERED DRAINAGE OF THE NEIGHBORHOODâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S STREETS. BECAUSE THIS AREA IS FLAT AND RECEIVES VERY INFREQUENT RAIN, THERE IS NO FORMAL STORMDRAIN NETWORK IN THE AREA. THIS MEANS THAT DURING THE FEW YET INTENSE RAIN EVENTS THAT SANTIAGO SEES EACH WITHER, INTERSECTIONS ARE WATERLOGGED UNTIL RAINWATER EVAPORATES OR SEEPS THROUGH CRACKS IN THE PAVEMENT. THESE INTERSECTIONS ARE SEEN AS POSSIBILITIES FOR COMMUNITY RAINWATER MANAGEMENT.

04. TYPOLOGY DELAYING + SPREADING WATER

THE NAPKIN CITY CONCEPT SUGGESTS A STRATEGY OF SPREADING WATER ACROSS THE CITY’S FOOTPRINT, BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY IT ATTEMPTS TO SMOOTH THE UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF WATER OVER TIME. SANTIAGO RECEIVES ALMOST ALL OF ITS 170 MILLION CUBIC METERS OF RAINWATER EACH YEAR BETWEEN MAY AND AUGUST. THE CONCEPT ALSO AIMS TO ABSORB WATER LOST IN STANDARD LEAKS AND DURING THE ANNUAL TANK CLEANING, DURING WHICH THE WATER TOWER MUST BE ENTIRELY EMPTIED. THIS “KIT OF PARTS” OF THE PROJECT OUTLINE DEVICES THAT HELP DIVERT AND DELAY WATER, FROM CHANNELS AND MICROTOPOGRAPHIES THAT SPREAD WATER IN MINUTES TO SOIL LENSES AND CONSTRUCTED AQUIFERS THAT CAN DELAY WATER FOR UP TO 2 AND A HALF MONTHS. AUXILIARY TANKS COULD ALSO BE DEPLOYED TO STORE WATER FOR LONGER PERIODS. THIS WATER IS DISTRIBUTED AND DELAYED HORIZONTALLY AND IN SECTION TO SUPPORT DEEP ROOTING TREES.

279

05. STAKEHOLDERS ENACTING THE NAPKIN CITY

280

THE NAPKIN CITY BRINGS TOGETHER INTERNATIONAL CITY GOVERNMENTS, AGRICULTURAL MINISTRIES, AND ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS TO CROSSPOLLINATE RESEARCH AND IMPLEMENTATION OF NEAR-SURFACE WATER RETENTION IN ARID LANDSCAPES. THESE INSTITUTIONS PROVIDE FUNDING FOR DESIGN, THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TEST CASES. AGUAS ANDINAS, THE METRO GOVERNMENT OF SANTIAGO, MUNICIPALITIES, AND LOCAL UNIVERSITIES COLLABORATE ON MAINTENACE AND MONITORING OF SOIL HUMIDITY AND VEGETAL HEALTH.

06. SITE READING FLORENCIA

THE FIRST TEST SITE IS ‘FLORENCIA’, IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF CERRO NAVIA. THIS IS ONE OF THE LARGEST SITES IN THE STUDIO AND IS FORMALLY INTERESTING BECAUSE IT CONTAINS FORMAL ECHOS OF OTHER PARKS IN THE NORTHEASTERN COMMUNAS OF SANTIAGO. SEVERAL EXISTING RECREATIONAL PROGRAMS ARE CLUSTERED AROUND THE BOUNDARY OF THE SITE, INCLUDING A STRIP PARK ALONG TORRE DE PISA WHICH IS CURRENTLY INTERRUPTED BY AN INFORMALLY BUILT PRIVATE GARAGE AND IS CUT OFF FROM THE LARGER SITE. E F AND G HERE ARE TWO LOCKED SPORTS COURTS AND A KINDERGARTEN. AROUND THE SITE, THE PROGRAM IS DISPARATE AND LACKS A COHESIVE CENTER THAT COULD SERVE THE NEIGHBORHOOD. SINCE THE SITE IS CLOSED, VEGETATION IS NOT WELL CARED-FOR AND THE STUMPS OF FORMER STREET TREES LINE THE PATHWAYS. LEAKING INFRASTRUCTURE HAS ALLOWED FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF VOLUNTEER SHRUBS AROUND THE WATER TREATMENT AND MONITORING BUILDINGS.

281

07. THE FIELD LARGE SCALE TESTS

282

FLORENCIA TANK SITE HOSTS A PUBLIC TESTING GROUND FOR LARGER-SCALE TESTS OF THE NAPKIN CITY SYSTEMS. EACH JANUARY, IN THE HOTTEST AND DRIEST MONTH OF THE YEAR, THE NAPKIN CITY LAB AND AGUAS ANDINAS HOST A CELEBRATION OF THE EMPTYING OF THE TANK FOR CLEANING. ALL 500 CUBIC METERS OF WATER ARE DISPERSED OVER THE COURSE OF A DAY, SPILLING OVER THE ‘WATER PLAZA’ THAT SITS OVER AN ARRAY OF SAND-BED TANKS THAT OTHERWISE SERVE AS PLAY EQUIPMENT. THE WATER SLOWLY PERCOLATES OUT OF THE WATER SQUARE THROUGH A FRENCH DRAIN INTO THE LARGE-SCALE CLAY LENS TEST SITE, WHERE IT SEEPS RADIALLY THROUGH TWO TIERS OF CLAY LENSES.

08. OPEN CITY LAB CITY AS TESTING GROUND

THE OPEN LAB IS A RULE-BASED SYSTEM OF EXPERIMENTATION THAT NEIGHBORHOOD RESIDENTS CAN OPT INTO. ITâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S CENTERED ON THE POWER LINE CORRIDOR, WHICH GIVES A 10m WIDE STRIP OF LAND ON EACH SIDE OF TORRE DE PISA. DEVELOPMENT PRIORITY IN THIS CORRIDOR IS GIVEN TO 8X10 TEST PLOTS. EACH PARCEL IS STILL ALLOTTED 1 ON-STREET PARKING SPACE THAT CAN BE MOVED AT THE DISCRETION OF THE OPEN CITY LAB WITH THE INPUT OF LOCAL RESIDENTS.

283

09. EXPERIMENTS

09. EXPERIMENTS

MINI NAPKIN

MINI NAPKIN

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Pictures: Nicolas Kersting, 2019

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Pictures: Nicolas Kersting, 2019

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Conclusión La Infraestructura como Red, Paisaje y Cultura La infraestructura es la condición fundacional para la ciudad histórica, así como para el actual proceso de urbanización que estamos viviendo de manera global. Desde la antigua ciudad de Roma, hasta nuestra ciudad de Santiago, la vida urbana se sustenta en redes, estructuras que en su cobertura definen lo que es urbano de lo que es rural, y que muchas veces coincide con las áreas que poseen el llamado bienestar habitacional. Así, vemos que dicho bienestar está directamente relacionado con los habitantes que pueden hacer uso de aquella infraestructura, tener acceso a los servicios básicos, y que asumen como natural la presencia y el buen funcionamiento de esta, al punto, de que hoy parece que la infraestructura se ha hecho invisible, tanto en su percepción como en la experiencia social que tenemos de ella.

Esta investigación ha puesto de manifiesto a revelado aquellas es que en aquellas zonas de la ciudad que no han podido alcanzar un bienestar social para sus habitantes, las que en general coinciden con las zonas donde la infraestructura pierde aquella invisibilidad y se hace presente: carreteras urbanas, viaductos, estaciones de transporte, y asimismo infraestructuras hídricas. En dichos lugares, el desafío se acopla a la oportunidad, y se presenta con la capacidad de cambiar nuestra mirada hacia la infraestructura agregando el adjetivo social.

En la oportunidad de su presencia ubicua a lo largo de la metrópolis, tenemos el desafío de cargar de un nuevo sentido la palabra infraestructura, la cual a lo largo de esta investigación, se ha abierto a campos disciplinares que van desde la ingeniería, la planificación y el diseño urbano, la arquitectura del paisaje hasta la ecología. Estas llamadas “infraestructuras sociales” combinan el pragmatismo de los sistemas tecnológicos detrás de la operación, y los sistemas abiertos y blandos de las consideraciones ambientales del paisaje.

Si el inicio de una idea de ocupación recreativa de estos espacios ha sido el puntapié inicial, el avance de los diferentes casos y las propuestas en cada uno de ellos, han complejizado ese entendimiento, para entender nuevas dinámicas, económicas, sociales y ambientales; proponiendo flujos y sistemas de retroalimentación donde la comunidad es, no solo benefactor, sino actor.

Así, a lo largo del desarrollo de esta proposición urbana, se ha buscado recualificar la forma en que pensamos acerca de la infraestructura, haciéndola un campo del quehacer del diseño y una herramienta para la calidad de vida. Si la provisión de agua es de por sí un factor crucial del bienestar, hay que entender entonces que esta investigación no busca apropiarse de dicho valor, sino entender una nueva oportunidad en utilizar las externalidades que producen -su necesaria presencia y distribución- como una estrategia para incrementar la calidad de vida: el que estén presentes ya no es negativo, sino necesario.

La planificación para la nueva infraestructura como para renovar la existente es un punto esencial, no solo desde el punto de vista operativo, sino como una estrategia que permita revalorizar la infraestructura como herramienta para responder a la necesidad de paisaje, pero 294

Conclusion Infrastructure as Network, Landscape and Culture Infrastructure is the foundational condition for the historic city, as well as for the current urbanization process that we are experiencing globally. From the ancient city of Rome to our city of Santiago, urban life is sustained by networks, structures that in their coverage define what is urban from what is rural, and that often coincides with the areas that have the so-called well-being housing. Thus, we see that said well-being is directly related to the inhabitants who can make use of that infrastructure, have access to basic services, and who assume its presence and proper functioning as natural, to the point that today it seems that the Infrastructure has become invisible, both in its perception and in the social experience we have of it.

This research has revealed to reveal those are that in those areas of the city that have not been able to achieve a social well-being for its inhabitants, which in general coincide with the areas where the infrastructure loses that invisibility and becomes present: urban roads , viaducts, transport stations, and also water infrastructures. In these places, the challenge is coupled with the opportunity, and it is presented with the ability to change our view of infrastructure by adding the adjective social.

In the opportunity of its ubiquitous presence throughout the metropolis, we have the challenge of carrying a new sense of the word infrastructure, which throughout this research has been opened to disciplinary fields ranging from engineering, planning and urban design, landscape architecture to ecology. These so-called “social infrastructures” combine the pragmatism of the technological systems behind the operation, and the open and soft systems of the environmental considerations of the landscape. ​​ occupation of these spaces has been the starting If the beginning of an idea of recreational point, the progress of the different cases and the proposals in each one of them have made this understanding more complex, to understand new dynamics, economic, social and environmental; proposing flows and feedback systems where the community is not only a benefactor, but an actor.

Thus, throughout the development of this urban proposition, we have sought to re-qualify the way we think about infrastructure, making it a field of design work and a tool for quality of life. If the provision of water is in itself a crucial factor of well-being, then it must be understood that this research does not seek to appropriate this value, but rather to understand a new opportunity to use the externalities that they produce - their necessary presence and distribution - as a strategy to increase the quality of life: their presence is no longer negative, but necessary.

Planning for the new infrastructure and for renovating the existing one is an essential point, not only from the operational point of view, but as a strategy that allows to revalue the infrastructure as a tool to respond to the need for landscape, but also to bring ecological benefits 295

asimismo traer beneficios ecológicos como la recarga del acuífero, la creación de hábitats urbanos, así como nuevos espacios para la socialización y recreación de los ciudadanos.

Si pudiéramos alcanzar algún beneficio dentro de los muchos posibles que estas propuestas han proyectado: mejorar la movilidad, la accesibilidad a áreas de recreación, aumentar el rol ecológico de la ciudad, o hacer un mejor usos de los recursos locales; estaríamos inmediatamente frente a una avance relevante para nuestras ciudades, y de ser extensivo en la escala de la infraestructura, una posibilidad de generar un cambio con impacto metropolitano.

Así como las palabras van siendo resignificadas de acuerdo al contexto cultural y la época, hoy la palabra infraestructura tiene la necesidad de resignificarse, y con ello, construir nuevos horizontes en su capacidad de interactuar con la sociedad.

Activaci—n Social (Arquitectura)

Mejora de calidad de vida

Oportunidades de desarrollo

SOI

Interpretaci—n en el paisaje

Procesos de econom’a circular

(Paisajismo)

(Dise–o Urbano)

Desarrollo Sosntenible

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such as the recharge of the aquifer, the creation of urban habitats, as well as new spaces for the socialization and recreation of citizens.

If we could achieve some benefit within the many possible ones that these proposals have projected: improve mobility, accessibility to recreation areas, increase the ecological role of the city, or make better use of local resources; We would immediately be facing a relevant advance for our cities, and if it is extensive in the infrastructure scale, a possibility of generating a change with a metropolitan impact.

Social Activation (Architecture)

Improving Quality of Life

Development Oportunities

SOI

Enviromental Performance

Circular Economic Processes

(Landscape)

(Urban Design)

Sustainable Development

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SOCIAL OPERATIVE INFRASTRUCURE

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