Turkish Fisheries 2017

TURKISH FISHERIES

2017

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PREFACE

TURKISH FISHERIES

Fisheries and Aquaculture is an important sector in terms of sources of food, nutrition, income and creating employment.

According to the estimations of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), world population will reach 9,7 billion by the year 2050 from its current figure of approximately 7 billion and need for animal protein is expected to double in line with the increase. It is highlighted by the experts that an important part of this increasing need will be met with fishery production.

Luckily we are surrounded by seas on three sides and our fishery potential is rich and big.

It appears that maximum limit for fishery products by way of fishing has been reached in the world. Rather than increasing fishery production by fishing; ensuring sustainability of a stable level of production and meeting the demand by aquaculture production is necessary. It is important that all countries to act in light of this reality also from aspect of development of resources.

The annual fishery production is approximately 600-700 thousand tons in our country, with some fluctuations in some years. Fishery production for 2016 was 588.7 thousand tons, 335.3 thousand tons of this production is obtained from capture and 253.4 thousand tons is from aquaculture.

Increase in the share of aquaculture in fishery production every year is a welcomed development.

The natural resources are not infinite. These resources are both a heritage of our ancestors and trusted upon us to hand down to future generations.

The protection of environment, seas and other water resources are vital as well as protection of fish species. Our Ministry set the conservation and sustainable exploitation of resources that are already limited as an important objective.

We endeavour to continue our work in fisheries and aquaculture with this consciousness.

Dr. Ahmet EĹ&#x;ref FAKIBABA Minister of Food Agriculture and Livestock

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TURKISH FISHERIES

1. INTRODUCTION

Turkey is located at a point where three continents; Asia, Africa and Europe are closest to each other and making up the old world. Turkey is a peninsula with a coastal line of 8,333 km and 177,714 km of rivers, the marine and inland water sources are approximately 26 million hectares.

Black Sea

Aegean Sea

Marmara

Mediterranean

2. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

The Law No. 1380 on Fisheries is the main legislative instrument governing fisheries, aquaculture and fisheries-related activities.

The law empowers the Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock (MoFAL) to develop and implement policies on fishing, aquaculture, conservation of fisheries resources, quality, safety and hygiene of fishery products and fisheries research. The MoFAL conducts its services and activities through 81 Provincial Directorates.

Administrative capacity was further improved with the establishment of the Directorate-General for Fisheries and Aquaculture under the Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock in 2011.

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TURKISH FISHERIES

Based on the framework of Law No. 1380, regulations and notifications are prepared to regulate fisheries. In accordance with the Fisheries Law, once every four-year commercial fisheries and amateur fishing notifications are published in the Official Gazette. These notifications comprise of responsibilities, prohibitions and restrictions.

Aquaculture Regulation covers and sets out rules on site selection for inland and marine farms, application and evaluation procedures for fish farming licenses, approval of the projects and issuance of licenses and monitor and control of farming activities.

The fisheries policy is generally formulated in accordance with the national development plans prepared by the Ministry of Development, which provides broad guidelines and framework on what the fisheries and aquaculture sectors may contribute towards national development objectives and strategy. The 10th Development Plan covers priority areas identified for the period of 2014 2018.

Ministry of Interior (Coastguard and Gendarmerie), Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, Municipalities (quality control and conservation in the local open markets), Agricultural Bank (credits) and Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) are some of the public institutions related with fisheries and aquaculture.

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TURKISH FISHERIES

3.POTENTIAL 3. POTENTIAL

Fleet Structure Fleet Structure The total number of registered fishing vessels is 18,494. The majority The total number of fishing vessels registered is 18,494. The majority of fishing fleet is of fishing fleet is comprised of small vessels and about 91 per cent of comprised of small vessels and about 91 per cent of fishing vessels are less than 12 m in fishing length. vessels are less than 12 m in length.

Distribution of fishing fleet by lentgth Distribution of fishing fleet(2016) by lentgth

Marine Inland TOTAL

0-4,9

5-7,9

738 304 1,042

9,485 2,243 11,728

Length of vessels (m) 8-9,9 10121511,9 14,9 19,9 3,059 880 492 289 178 28 62 16 3,237 908 554 305

(2016) TOTAL 2029,9 469

3049,9 244

50+

469

244

7

7

15,663 2,831 18,494

Fishing license has not been issued for the marine vessels since 2002 in order to reduce fishing pressure on stocks and to ensure sustainable fisheries. Furthermore, to reduce fishing effort on stocks, fishing vessels decommissioning scheme launched in 2012. Fishing licenses of 1,225 vessels over 10 meters was annulled and removed from fleet. This program has been continuing since 2012.

Change in the number of fishing vessels by years

Number of Fishing Vessels

25.000

TOTAL

Marine

Inland

20.000 15.000 10.000 5.000

Years

6

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

0

TURKISH FISHERIES

Aquaculture Currently there are 2,326 fish farms of which 1,901 are fresh water fish farms and 425 are marine fish farms. The total capacity of these fish farms is 485,227 tons.

Aquaculture facilities

The mostthere of marine farms situated in offshore sites.

Currently are 2,326cage fish farms withare 485,227 tons total capacity; 1,901 areAbout fresh water two-thirds of these farms are rainbow trout farms.

The remainders fish farms and 425 are marine fish farms. The most of marine cage farms are situated in offshore sites. these farms were rainbow trout farms. The remainders are mainly seaAbout basstwo-thirds and seaofbream farms. were mainly sea bass and sea bream farms.

Sayfa 3.

Distribution ofDistribution fish farms according to their capacities of fish farms according to their capacities(2016) (2016) PREFACE

The annual fishery production approximately TOTAL 600-700 Capacity Groups is (tons) 0-50 in51-100 101-250 with 251-500some 501- fluctuations 1001> thousand tons our country, in some 1000 years.

Fishery production for 2016 was70588.717thousand tons, Marine 173 77 19 69 425 Inland thousand 1,364 178production 121 126 109 1,901 335.3 tons3 of this is obtained from TOTAL 1,537 80 197 190 196 126 2,326 capture and 253.4 thousand tons is from aquaculture.

Change Sayfa 7. in the number of fish farms by years

2500

Number of Fish Farms

Marine

Inland

TOTAL

2000 1500 1000 500

Sayfa 9 4. PRODUCTION

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

0

In 2016, total Turkish fishery production was 588,715 tons, 7 comprised of marine fisheries (301,464 t; 51%), inland fisheries (33,856 t; 6%) and aquaculture (253,395 t; 43%).

TURKISH FISHERIES

While inland aquaculture farms are spread across the whole country, marine Aquaculture farms are primarily located on the Aegean Sea (87%) where 63% are situated in Muğla, 18% in İzmir and 5% in Aydın.

Landing sites There are a total of 384 fisheries coastal structures. At the 43 landing points, fisheries port offices have been established to give service to fishermen and carry out official controls.

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TURKISH FISHERIES

4. PRODUCTION

In 2016, total Turkish fishery production was 588,715 tons, comprised of marine fisheries (301,464 t; 51%), inland fisheries (33,856 t; 6%) and aquaculture (253,395 t; 43%).

900

Capture

800

Aquaculture

TOTAL

Thousand tons

700 600 500 400 300 200 100 2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

0

SAYFA 10 Production of the three major species, namely rainbow trout, seabass and seabream have increased significantly during the 1990s and production reached 253,395 tons in 2016.When the total aquaculture production is assessed by species, trout has the highest production rate in aquaculture with 42%, sea bass with 32%, sea bream with 23%, and other species with 3%.

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TURKISH FISHERIES

Turkish fishery is of artisanal and off-shore type and small pelagic species constitute an important portion in total catch amount. Ten marine species account for almost 90 percent of total landing by volume. Key species are anchovy, horse mackerel, bonito, sardine, sprat, bluefish, mullet and whiting. The annual marine catch is highly dependent on the availability of small pelagic fish, especially anchovy.

Common carp, tarek, gibel carp and sand smelt are the main species in inland production.

Aquaculture with a relatively short history in Turkey began with the farming of rainbow trout and common carp in the late 1960s and developed further with gilthead seabream and European seabass culture in the mid-1980s.

Production of the three major species, namely rainbow trout, seabass and seabream have increased significantly during the 1990s and production reached 253,395 tons in 2016. When the total aquaculture production is assessed by species, trout has the highest production rate in aquaculture with 42%, sea bass with 32%, sea bream with 23%, and other species with 3%.

Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock gives priority on the farming of new species (dentex, common sea bream, turbot ect.) and the diversification of farming methods to achieve the sustainable development of the sector.

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TURKISH FISHERIES

5. INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Fishery products are exported to 80 countries, of which are mostly EU countries (65%). Trout, sea bream, sea bass and tuna are the main species among the exported fish.

Volume (x1000 tons)

160 140

Export

120

Import

100 80 60 40 20

2013

2014

2015

2016

2014

2015

2016

2012

2013

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

0 Years

Value (million dolars)

900 800

Export

700

Import

600 500 400 300 200 100

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

0

Years

At the fish processing establishments, value-added products such as chilled, frozen, smoked, canned as fillet are produced. These fishery products are both used in domestic consumption and exported.

The majority of these establishments are approved by the Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock in accordance with EU and related international rules.

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TURKISH FISHERIES

6. INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Fisheries Information System (FIS) FIS is the system established in 2008 that comprises a combination of resources organized to collect, process, transmit and disseminate the fisheries relevant data.

The system is composed of modules interacting to introduce and extract data to/from a centralized database. FIS has continued to be enhanced according to the needs.

Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) The installation process of VMS has been completed in 2016. VMS is obliged to be used by fishing vessels of 12 m and over in length.

1,350 fishing vessels have been equipped with this system. The implementation of electronic logbook has also been started with this system.

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TURKISH FISHERIES

7. RESEARCH&DEVELOPMENT

There are 4 Fisheries Research Institutes (Trabzon, Antalya,Eğirdir and Elazığ) belonging to MoFAL and 4 Marine Science Institutes affiliated to Universities. In addition to these institutes, there are 21 Fisheries Faculties, 4 Marine Sciences Faculties and 5 departments at Agriculture Faculties providing undergraduate and graduate educationin fisheries including aquaculture and aquatic sciences.

Besides, universities and research institutes are conducting research on fisheries and aquaculture. The Scientific & Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) provides financial support for the fisheries, aquaculture, marine, oceanography research.

8. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Turkey has been a member of several regional fisheries management organizations such as “FAO (1948)”, “GFCM (1954)”, “OECD (1960)”, “BSEC (1992)”, “CITES (1996)”, “ICCAT (2003)”, “EUROFISH (2004)” and “CACFish (2009)”

9. SOME PROJECTS/PROGRAMS CONDUCTED

Restocking of Fisheries Resources Fisheries Resources Restocking program is implemented in order to enhance the stocks and increase fisheries production. Within the scope of this program, every year 5 million carp fry has been released into appropriate waters. Between 2002 and 2016, 74 million carp, 10 thousand sturgeon, 100 thousand turbot and 5 thousand Black sea trout were released.

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TURKISH FISHERIES

Artificial Reefs Project In order to protect and improve biodiversity, improve habitat, increase production, prevent illegal fishing and support coastal fisheries; Protecting and Developing of fisheries Resources with Artificial Reefs-Pilot Project of Edremit Gulf was completed in 2012.

Monitoring studies has been continuing.

Removal of Abandoned Fishing Gears from the Seas and the Lakes (Ghost Fishing) The project named Removal of Abandoned Fishing Gears from the Seas and the Lakes was launched in 2016 to protect habitat and to use fishery resources sustainably.

By sweeping 15,000 decares areas at different locations, a total of 270 000 m² ghost nets in different lengths and 1,700 fishing gears such as hamper and pinter were removed. This study is ongoing according to the project programme.

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TURKISH FISHERIES

REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FOOD AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK Directorate General of Fisheries and Aquaculture Eskişehir Yolu 9. Km Lodumlu - ANKARA / TÜRKİYE Phone : +90 312 258 3016 Fax : +90 312 258 3060 www.tarim.gov.tr/BSGM

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