79th Session of the Executive Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth

STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 16-17 MARCH 2010

Report

79E SESSION DU COMITÉ EXÉCUTIF DE LA COMMISSION EuFMD 79TH SESSION OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE EuFMD COMMISSION

Rapport STOCKHOLM, SUÈDE 16-17 MARS 2010

STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 16-17 MARCH 2010

Report

79TH SESSION OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE EuFMD COMMISSION

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR THE CONTROL OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE (EuFMD) Rome, 2010

79th SESSION of the EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE of the

European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD)

Stockholm, Sweden th

16 -17 March 2010

Table of Contents List of Appendices ................................................................................................................................... 4 Summary of Agreements and Recommendations .................................................................................. 5 Meeting report ........................................................................................................................................ 8 ITEM 1. Agenda ....................................................................................................................................... 8 ITEM 2. Follow-up to the 78th session ..................................................................................................... 8 ITEM 3. FMD preparedness ..................................................................................................................... 9 3. a) Real time FMD Training program ................................................................................................ 9 3.b) Training in contingency planning and crisis resource mobilisation/management ...................... 9 3.c) Laboratory Preparedness ............................................................................................................. 9 ITEM 4. International FMD risk situation .............................................................................................. 10 4.a) FMD risk situation ...................................................................................................................... 10 4.b) Priority Antigens for the national/European banks ................................................................... 11 ITEM 5. Global FMD Initiative................................................................................................................ 12 ITEM 6. Long Term Strategy for FMD Control in West Eurasia ............................................................. 13 6. a) Support to the programme of the West Eurasia FMD Lab Network in 2010 ............................ 13 ITEM 7. Support to improving FMD control in the South and East Mediterranean ............................. 14 7. a) Proposal to provide support to training in design and monitoring of control programs (surveillance for FMD and associated laboratory performance requirements) ............................... 14 7. b). Status of FAO/EuFMD actions supported in 2009– Egypt and Lebanon .................................. 14 ITEM 8. International FMD surveillance : African proximity ................................................................. 16 ITEM 9. Progress reports on FMD Control Projects in the Region ........................................................ 16 9. a). Turkey: FMD situation and progress of the Turkey/EuropeAid Project ................................... 16 9. b). TransCaucasus countries (TCC): situation and project proposal for 2010-12 .......................... 18 9. c). Iran: situation, review of Phase II and proposed actions for Phase III ..................................... 21 9. d) Syria ........................................................................................................................................... 22 ITEM 10. Report on activities of the Standing Technical Committee (Research Group) ...................... 23 10. a) Open Session of the Standing Technical Committee .............................................................. 23 10 .b) Marketing authorisation issue ................................................................................................ 23 10 c) Concept Notes (CN) for proposed technical studies ................................................................ 23 10. d) Other issues............................................................................................................................. 24 ITEM 11. Financial Report ..................................................................................................................... 24 th

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11. a) Status of country contributions to MTF/INT/011/MUL .......................................................... 24 11. b). Status of MTF/INT/003/EC ..................................................................................................... 24 11.c). Use of the Trust Funds to support “EuFMD Internships” ........................................................ 25 ITEM 12. Other business ....................................................................................................................... 25 Closing – Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................. 26

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List of Appendices

1. List of Participants 2. Agenda 3. Follow-up to the recommendations of the 78th Executive Committee of the Eufmd Commission (Dr Sumption) 4. EuFMD Real time training - Progress report (Dr Rumich) 5. FMD preparedness – Use of models to predict resources required (Dr Sharpe) 6. FMD Lab proficiency Test Service FAO Phase XXII - 2009 - and Proposal for Phase XXIII - 2010 (Dr Sumption) 7. WL report on the FMD risk situation and Priority Antigens for EU/National Banks (Dr Hammond) 8. Progress of the Global FMD initiative (Dr de Leeuw) 9. OIE/FAO Global Conference on Foot and Mouth Disease: “The way towards global control” - Final Recommendations and Follow-up (Dr Knopf) 10. West EurAsia FMD Control - Roadmap 2020 (1st Regional meeting to review progress – Istanbul, 8-9th October 2009) 11. Proposed workpackage for West eurasia FMD lab network (Dr Bulut) 12. Technical support and training on FMD control in the neighbourhood of the European Community (Dr Ben Youssef) 13. FMD situation in Egypt (Dr Ben Youssef) 14. FMD situation in Lebanon 2009-2010 (Dr Ben Youssef) 15. Improving FMD surveillance in African proximity (Dr Sumption) 16. Turkey: FMD situation report (Dr Askaroglu) 17. Progress report of FMD control support to Transcaucasus Countries (Dr Potzsch) 18. Strengthening Foot and Mouth Disease surveillance and control in the Transcaucasus countries to assist progression on the West Eurasia FMD Progressive Control Pathway (Summary of proposal 2010-12) 19. FMD Surveillance Project in Iran (Dr Ben Youssef) 20. FMD situation in Syria (Dr Ben Youssef) 21. EuFMD Financial Report, 31st of December 2009 (Dr Sumption) 22. EuFMD Secretariat: Financing of an “Internship” program in support of EuFMD activities (Dr Sumption)

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Summary of Agreements and Recommendations On the state of preparedness for FMD and training of veterinarians for recognition and response to suspected outbreaks 1. Recommends that a handbook on the preparation of FMD simulation exercises be developed by the Commission, to provide guidance for veterinary services; 2. agrees with the proposal to provide an additional 75,000 US$ in support for the WRL in 2010 in order to manage the increased complexity of international shipments and to safeguard the provision of the Proficiency Testing Service (PTS-Phase XXIII) to all EuFMD Member States and neighbouring countries; 3. recommends that the contract with the WRL for the upcoming 3 year period (2011-13), including the international PTS managed by WRL for EuFMD/FAO, is reviewed and a paper presenting options for the future is presented to the next Session.

On the international risk situation 4. Recommends Member States (MS) take note of the situation in West Eurasia, with the upsurge in FMD cases in Turkey in 2010, the movement of South Asian FMDV into the region with the first detection of the O Ind 2001 genotype into Iran, and the detection of an Asia-1 strain apparently not covered by vaccination with the Shamir antigen; 5. recommends -considering the risk relating to FMD in West Eurasia- that future sessions should receive a report from the representative of the West Eurasia FMD lab network on the virological surveillance and epidemic events relevant for risk assessment; 6. recommends MS to make use of the information in the annual FMDV surveillance report for 2009 from the WRL in their risk assessments, and take note to the unprecedented level of FMDV submissions to the WRL in 2009, particularly from the European neighbourhood; 7. calls upon FAO -given the current contract and financial contribution of the EuFMD and FAO to the WRL- to organise a meeting of the Steering Committee of the FAO and OIE FMD Lab Network in order to develop a common vision and clarify the commitments of the parties for the period 2011-13; 8. urges Member States (MS) to note the WRL recommendations on priority FMDV antigens to be kept for emergency situations, and reconsider their holdings in relation to the high risk of A Iran 05 and type O PanAsia II in the region; 9. recommends that the procedure proposed by the Research Group for identification of priority antigens should be further developed, with greater emphasis on 1) developing consensus on the risk from each virus pool to EuFMD states, 2) clear recommendations following an improved peer concluded before each Session and 3) transparent process that could be adapted or developed by MS; 10. re-affirms that actions to improve the submission of FMDV from the areas of concern in the African proximity should be continued, and recommends the Research Group further develop protocols and guidance on replacement of live virus shipments with inactivated (RNA) based methods.

Relating to the Global Initiative 9. Re-affirms the recommendation of the 78th Session to FAO and OIE, to put into place the working group to follow-up the recommendations of the Paraguay conference, as agreed at the GfTADS Global Steering Committee, and to include the EuFMD Commission and a representative for the West Eurasia Roadmap in this group as regional representatives; 10. takes note of the preparations being made by FAO, and the full consultation with OIE, for a Global Scientific Conference on FMD to be held at the end of 2011/start of 2012, and agrees that the Secretariat play a role in preparations to ensure the Conference is relevant to the EuFMD and the West Eurasian FMD Roadmap, and accessible for European participants;

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11. takes note of the development of guidelines and support documentation underpinning the Progressive Control Pathway (PCP) for FMD, and recommends a greater involvement of the Research Group in technical development and/or clearance procedures, before presentation at the Open Session in Vienna; 12. recommends that papers summarizing 1) the status of PCP documentation, and 2) the global status of internationally supported programmes/actions which are principally aimed at improving FMD control, be tabled for the 80th Session [under the Agenda point on the Global Initiative].

Relating to the Long Term Strategy for FMD Control in West Eurasia 13. Agrees that the proposal presented by the representative of the West EurAsia FMD Lab Network for actions in 2010 be given support and a request to fund the proposed actions be made to the EC, in order to achieve an earlier detection and communication of FMDV threats from this region; 14. agrees that the Secretariat proceed with the organization of a 2nd progress review meeting for the West Eurasia FMD Roadmap, in late 2010, where possible back to back with the WELNET-FMD lab network meeting.

On the priority vaccine antigens for use in West EurAsia 15. Takes note that the recommended types and strains for inclusion in vaccination programmes in West Eurasia to cover the upcoming 6 month risk period remain serotype O Manisa and Asia-1 Shamir, and type A Iran-05 strain. The Secretariat should ensure West Eurasian countries are aware of the recommendation and encourage them to undertake risk assessments before omitting one or more of these strains from the routine programme.

Countries which utilise routine vaccination should ensure access to vaccines in emergency situation against less frequent FMDV strains, in the medium priority category of the WRL. Relating to co-operation to improve monitoring and surveillance of FMD in the south and east Mediterranean countries 16. Re-affirms the importance of co-operation in FMD control and agrees with the proposed assistance for FMD training in laboratory confirmation procedures and on design of monitoring programs (for infection and vaccination performance), and that a request to EC be made for actions to be concluded in 2010-11; 17. re-affirms that the Commission, working though the Secretariat, should continue to explore ways of co-operation with the FAO/OIE regional animal health centres in Beirut and Tunis, and encourages REMESA to make use of the technical expertise and opportunities of the Commission in its work program, as recommended by the 38th Session.

On the continuation of monitoring for FMD threats from the African proximity 18. Recommends that the proposed programme be considered a framework for supporting actions in this region, and be given support, to the limit indicated, with the proviso that a subcommittee be established to review proposed individual country or subregional actions and reach conclusions upon their support; this subcommittee would be delegated responsibility to review the proposed activities, and to establish criteria for evaluation, taking into consideration factors including the risks to the EuFMD and neighbourhood, the contribution to addressing information gaps, and to the decision upon antigen and vaccine selection for at risk countries.

On the continuation of support to FMD control in the TransCaucasus (TCC) countries 19. Endorses the proposed action to support FMD control in the TCC in 2010-12, and recommends a request to the EC for funding should be submitted by the Secretariat.

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On the continuation of support to FMD monitoring and control in Iran 20. Re-affirms the importance of continued co-operation in FMD monitoring and control, and takes note of the findings of the review of Phase II and changes recommended in Phase III; 21. recommends that the position of the Executive on the 3rd Phase of the programme of activities with Iran be reached by the Executive AND a subcommittee of the President and Vice-presidents by the end of May 2010, on the basis of the response of the Iranian authorities to the Phase II review and proposed activities recommended by the mission team for Phase III. The secretariat should ensure that phase iii is limited to action that can reasonably be delivered within the specified timescale and for which the Iranian authorities have agreed positive and specific support as part of their overall fmd control strategy.

On the studies recommended by the Standing technical Committee 22. Approves support for the two concept notes which had been reviewed by the subcommittee, with the provision that the amendments or clarifications required by the Committee are addressed when the contracts are prepared with the recipient organisations; 23. recommends that a one day symposium be organized during the Open Session in Vienna in September, on the economics and resource implications of managing FMD outbreaks in free countries, in order to guide the Commission and Member States on the utility of tools for contingency planning.

On the financial situation 24. agrees that support for the proposed “Intern” programme be provided from the EuFMD Trust Fund (MTF/INT/011/MUL), for the purpose of enabling longer term training in FMD emergency management and allied disciplines for veterinary staff of the Member States, to a maximum of 50,000 US$ per annum in 2010 and 2011, making use of the travel budget line and savings in the administrative budget to be achieved in the area of salaries for administrative staff when the position of the EuFMD Clerk is filled.

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Meeting report The Executive Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD) held its Seventy-Ninth Session in Stockholm, Sweden, on the 16th and 17th of March 2010, hosted by the Government of Sweden.

The Session was opened by Mr Anders Lönnblad, Deputy Director General, Swedish Ministry of Agriculture, who welcomed the participants to Stockholm and expressed the willingness and interest of the Ministry to support the work of the international organisations to reduce the impact of animal disease such as FMD. Members of the Executive Committee present were: Dr Ulrich Herzog (UH, Austria Chairman), Dr Nigel Gibbens (NG, United Kingdom, Vice-Chairman), Dr Leif Denneberg (LD, Sweden), Dr Georgi Georgiev (GG, Bulgaria, representing the CVO), Dr Spiros Doudounakis (SD, Greece), Dr Antonio Fonseca (AF, Portugal, representing Dr Pinheiro), and Dr Nihat Pakdil, (NP, Turkey). Apologies were received from Dr Marinkovic, CVO Serbia.

Other participants were Dr Aldo Dekker (AD, the Netherlands), Chairman of the Research Group, and Dr Jef Hammond, (JH, Head of the OIE Reference Laboratory on FMD/FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD. In addition, Dr Askaroglu, CVO Turkey, and Dr Naci Bulut, attended as President of the West Eurasia FMD Roadmap Advisory Group, and Dr Kate Sharpe as advisor to Dr Gibbens. Dr Joseph Domenech, attended as Observer, on behalf of Dr Angot, CVO France following Invitation from the Chairman and in line with decisions of the 38th Session.

Observers from the international organizations were Dr Alf-Eckbert Fuëssel, (AEF Head of Sector, DGSANCO, Brussels), Dr Nikola Belev, (NB, Regional representative of the OIE for Europe), Dr Caroline Planté, (CP, OIE Regional office for Europe), Dr Lea Knopf, (LK, Scientific and Technical Department of the OIE, Paris), Dr Peter de Leeuw, (PdL, FAO, Senior Advisor to Dr Lubroth, Chief of the Animal Health Service). The Secretariat for the 78th Session comprised Dr Keith Sumption (KS), Dr Adel Ben Youssef (ABY, officer seconded to EuFMD by France) and Ms Nadia Rumich. The list of participants is given in Appendix 1.

The Session considered the current risk situation and recent events in FMD epidemiology in the region, reviewed the progress of actions that are ongoing or under development following the decisions of the 78th Session.

ITEM 1. Agenda The agenda (Appendix 2) was adopted without change.

ITEM 2. Follow-up to the 78th session The follow-up to the recommendations of the 78th Executive Committee Session were summarised (Appendix 3). Of the 19 recommendations, only 1 had not been followed-up (R#7, on development of a procedure for purchasing antigen from non-European banks in emergency situations). This would remain to be followed-up before the 80th Session. It was suggested in future to speed up risk communication, that information on the risk situation (e.g. R#2 & 3) would be sent to CVOs following the Session, before the main report.

Conclusion follow up needed on the emergency procurement of non-European vaccine reserves (Secretariat, by 80th Session).

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ITEM 3. FMD preparedness 3. a) Real Time FMD Training program Nadia Rumich, EuFMD Secretariat, gave a presentation on the training program (Appendix 4); in 2009, four “real-time” training courses had been held in Turkey, with 40 veterinarians given opportunity to investigate suspect FMD outbreaks, with assistance of the GDPC, Turkey. Five courses were planned for 2010, and a waiting list remained for 2011; all CVOs of MS had been informed of position of their nominees. A library of online resources for training had been added in 2009, and the RealTime courses would add local PCR facilities and would investigate real-time image sharing so that distant experts could participate in reviewing signs. The last course of the year (ETC9) would have predominantly francophone participants and trainers.

The Chairman noted the report, congratulated the training team on the progress and thanked the GDPC and EC for their support.

3.b) Training in contingency planning and crisis resource mobilisation/management The Chairman introduced the subject and called for discussion on the need for training in this area.

An example of use of modelling (Exodis model commissioned by DEFRA, UK) to estimate veterinary resource requirements during FMD outbreak scenarios, and spread and duration following different control options, was given by Kate Sharpe (Appendix 5). Potentially, this model could be adapted for use by other countries in Europe, and although it has been implemented mainly in contingency planning, it was used during the 2007 FMD outbreak in UK, both for possible spread of infection and to identify possible vet resource constraints.

It was agreed that the model demonstrated could have high relevance to other European countries; that economic impact and resource requirement estimation is difficult for all VS, and as a result of the economic crisis most need assistance to develop economic arguments to negotiate the resources required; and that there is a need for Guidance to veterinary services in the area of simulation exercise planning, management and review.

OIE reported on the Technical Item of the 75th OIE General Session on the use of epidemiological models for the management of animal diseases. This paper was based on a questionnaire survey sent to all OIE Members, on the current situation in terms of use and needs of veterinary services for epidemiological modelling. A special issue of the Scientific and Technical Review will be published in 2011, solely dedicated to the topic of epidemiological modelling to support animal disease intervention.

Conclusions 1. it was agreed that a one-day symposium on economic assessment of FMD impact and management options be organised for the FMDWeek2010, on 30th September, immediately after the Executive Committee, to guide MS and the Commission; 2. the need for a Handbook/Guidelines on planning and management of simulation exercises was re-affirmed and the Secretariat should proceed with required arrangements.

3.c) Laboratory Preparedness Keith Sumption reviewed the participation in the EuFMD/FAO and EC funded Proficiency Test Service (PTS) that was contracted to IAH-Pirbright (Appendix 6). The PTS had been instigated by EuFMD /FAO in the 1970s, in response to the need for cross-recognition of results of tests for trade purposes; it has remained the largest and most inclusive PTS for FMD, and has become the main instrument for the international ref labs (OIE and FAO) to demonstrate their performance in the key virology and serology services. Current financial arrangements and costs for EU NRLs are covered by EC (CRL contract), with EuFMD covering the non-EU EuFMD Member States and immediate neighbours, and th

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FAO the international reference centres (of OIE and FAO) so that the scheme does provide the backbone of a global external quality assurance support for FMD ref labs. However, gaps remain in European and larger regional participation (some western Balkan countries, North Africa), but there has been increasing participation with some recent successes (TransCaucasus). As a result of the huge increase in administrative burden (biosecurity protocols and requirements) on the WRL, discussed at the 78th Session, and the subsequent risk to the PTS delivery in 2010, he proposed an additional support package of 75,000 US$ be provided to IAH in 2010, and that before the 80th Session in September, the WRL contract be reviewed, considering the international role, vision and responsibilities for the PTS in providing EQA to Europe and as part of a global system for quality assurance of FMD lab performance.

The Chairman asked for comments and the importance of the current system was re-affirmed. The current co-ordination, between EuFMD, FAO and EC, was seen as a good example that had avoided duplication and maintained continuity, which needs to be kept on, and which should be able to find solutions to maintain the current programme for EuFMD and neighbourhood (some 50 countries).

Possibilities of using satellite PTS providers (e.g. SA Institute) to manage distribution of panels outside of the EU should be explored, to reduce administrative costs while increasing access to the service. The progress of investigations with non-laboratory partners (IATA, customs, transport companies, etc) and OIE Reference Laboratories concerning possible impairing or facilitating measures when shipping biological samples internationally was reported to the Executive Committee

by OIE and FAO. Results of the survey and next steps will be discussed during the forthcoming conference of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres.

Recommendations #2 and 3.

ITEM 4. International FMD risk situation 4.a) FMD risk situation The international surveillance report was provided by Jef Hammond, WRL-FMD (IAH-Pirbright, UK; Appendix 7).

He drew attention to the following: 2009 had seen the highest level of sample submissions recorded at the WRL (circa 1000 samples), mainly from West Eurasia as a result of the A Iran 05 regional pandemic (about 30% of the submissions) in winter 2008 /spring 2009; the positive impact of the West Eurasia Roadmap programme, with EuFMD/FAO project support resulting in higher sample submission; the first detection of the India 2001 topotype of serotype O in West Eurasia (Iran) in late 2009, a possible consequence of the domination of this strain in India in 2009, and spread to Bhutan/Nepal/United Arab Emirates; the first detection of a Asia-1 strain against which the Asia-1 Shamir (the normally recommended vaccine antigen), fails to gives protection (low r values); the first breakdown of an officially free country (Republic of Korea) for many years, as a result of serotype A introduction from unknown source location in south-east Asia (Pool 1); the 2009 Global Surveillance Report of the OIE/FAO FMD Ref labs Network, submitted to FAO and OIE by end February, giving collated report of virus characterisation covering all 7 virus pools and with inputs from most participant labs; the continued importance of India and China but difficulties to obtain full participation in sharing information or FMDV strains; the regular reporting of the WRL (quarterly reports) and the teleconferences organised by EuFMD with the West Eurasia FMD lab network to review findings (from March 2010).

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Keith Sumption drew attention to the FAO co-ordination of some regional lab network developments, to which the Secretariat provided guidance, for example the first Eastern Africa FMD Ref Lab Meeting (Nairobi, Feb 2010), West Eurasia FMD Lab network, and SADC FMD lab network (supported through the FAO ECTAD unit, Botswana). He indicated these networks have begun to contribute surveillance reports which are now used in the regional sections of the Annual OIE/FAO surveillance report1, a very major step forward. He considered the networks had a high potential for detection and response of new epidemic threats as well as improving quality of regional services. In addition the development of FMDV typing at national level could reduce the burden on the WRL, since virus was not isolated/detected in about 50% of the submissions, probably because of incorrect sampling rather than incorrect clinical diagnosis of FMD (almost 500 negative submissions in 2009 at WRL).

4.b) Priority Antigens for the national/European banks Dr Hammond indicated the new procedure (Appendix 7) introduced following the 78th Session, on the recommendations of the Research Group; the initial step had been a prioritisation (by EuFMD Secretariat) of risks from the different virus pools, the second, identification of circulating strains in the priority regions by WRL, the third an assessment of antigen suitability, including inputs from main vaccine producers operating to standards that can achieve licensing of FMD vaccines for use in EU states.

Keith Sumption indicated that the initial risk assessment had identified Pool 3 (West Eurasia) as the top priority with Pool 1 (East Asia) second. The first should be widely accepted, given that EU and EuFMD member states border the infected West Eurasian countries. However, the acceptance of East Asia as second priority (and thereby that vaccines may be required to be held) had not been peer reviewed beyond the EuFMD-WRL team involved.

To illustrate this point, the WRL presentation had one slide indicating virus circulation in both Pools 1 & 3 in 2009 and vaccine suitability; should this assessment be accepted then it implies the EC/member states will have to give greater emphasis to question of vaccine suitability for East Asia, for example by stocking A Malaysia 97 (in 2009 this was a medium priority of WRL).

WRL recommendations - March 2010 A-IRAN-05 and O PanAsiaII still present a significant threat for further spread, matching tests revealed gaps in cover with Serotype A with A-Iran-05 isolates having a poor match with the A22Iraq vaccine strain; New vaccines released in 2009 by both Intervet and Merial specifically for A-Iran-05 are expected to provide much better protection, although no independent efficacy testing has yet been carried out on these vaccines; Antigenic variability of serotype O viruses is less than the A serotype and O1 Manisa has been recommended for many years as a suitable vaccine for viruses of the ME-SA topotype; However, some very recent O isolates have shown poor r values by VNT but consistently higher ELISA r values. This situation should be closely monitored; Asia 1 Shamir has given a good antigenic match to most strains within the Asia 1 serotype, although one isolate from Pakistan in 2009 gave a very low r value by both VNT and ELISA. Again the situation should be carefully monitored; There is a need for vigilance with the SAT1 and SAT2 serotypes due to possible incursions from various trade routes but there is an issue over which vaccine strains to include as there is little information on relevance to current field strains.

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Annual OIE/FAO FMD Reference Laboratory Network Report 2009 http://www.wrlfmd.org/ref_labs/ref_lab_reports/OIE-FAO%20FMD%20Ref%20Lab%20Network%20Report%202009.pdf th

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Discussion followed on the question of cross-protection of O Manisa vaccine, as present in most European reserves, against the current type O strains in West Eurasia.

Conclusion The recent reports of upsurge in FMD in parts of West Eurasia, and possible low protection in the field, together with the vaccine matching results, should be viewed with concern. The Chairman of the Research Group was asked to review the situation and to provide guidance on need for crossprotection studies (potency test) to determine if the low cross-protection observed in VNT tests may result in lower protection against challenge.

ITEM 5. Global FMD Initiative Two presentations were given on progress since the International FMD Conference (June 2009, in Paraguay), by FAO (Peter DeLeeuw, FAO) and Lea Knopf (OIE).

The FAO presentation (Appendix 8) highlighted: the further development of support documentation/ guidance papers for the Progressive Control Pathway for FMD (PCP-FMD), including Monitoring and Surveillance Guidelines for PCP Stages 13, and a draft diagnostic laboratory services assessment tool (PCP Stages 1-3); the progress made in development and or implementation of Regional Long Term Roadmaps for FMD control in 2009 so that with the sole exception of South Asia (virus pool 2; India and neighbours in SAARC region), each region could be said to have a long term vision for FMD control that has been developed with FAO and OIE involvement under GfTADS; the need to annually assess progress in FMD control initiatives in these regions, using the PCP or other tools.

Discussions between OIE and FAO were expected to conclude in the next months on the ToR for a Global Working Group on FMD, reporting to the Global Steering Ctee of GfTADS; the FAO perspective was that this group would: • Review the Report of the OIE/FAO FMD laboratories network; • Review the status and progress of the regional activities and initiatives (roadmaps and equivalent) in FMD control for the seven major virus pools; • Make recommendations for actions to be taken by the international organisations/GF-TAD’s Global SC, at regional or global level to address constraints to progress; • Prepare a timetable of joint global/regional meetings on FMD (pledging, scientific and control programs) in forthcoming 3 year period; • Agree content/authorship and arrangements for publishing an Annual Report on the State of FMD control worldwide(report = lab network report + regional initiatives report + global statistics from OIE and FAO; may be presented at OIE general meeting in May each year).

The composition of the FMD Global Working Group was proposed to be: a. b. c. d. e.

President and Vice-President appointed by global GF-TAD’s SC (for 2 years); Representatives from the seven regions; Representatives from donor community; Representatives from stakeholders (possibly); Scientific advisors (Sc. Ct OIE, EuFMD research group).

He indicated that FAO, in full consultation with OIE, was in discussion with the Government of India regarding the location of the next Global Scientific Conference on FMD, with Thailand as another option; the location of India was seen by FAO as very significant in terms of its globally significant ruminant population and long terms plans for FMD control, as well as rapidly increasing investment in FMD research and development. The date of the Conference would be in November 2011 or January 2012. th

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The OIE presentation (Appendix 9) highlighted: the updating of WAHID to enable more rapid and detailed assessment of FMD events, including the possibility to submit monthly reports on outbreaks or relevant epidemiological changes in the FMD (or other diseases) situation and FMD serotype information; development, with FAO of a Global approach, involving: • Creation of a FMD-specific Working Group under the global GF-TADs; • Linkage of the FAO-PCP approach with provisions of existing OIE standards, including consideration of quality of Veterinary Services (PVS evaluations); • under consideration is the endorsement of National FMD control plans by the OIE Scientific Commission, leading to more options for trade facilitation. The criteria under elaboration being that a country reached (and progresses) a certain stage of the PCP pathway + a PVS evaluation was conducted + meeting required criteria Terrestrial Code.

Discussion The Chair congratulated FAO and OIE on making progress within their own structures and in bilateral discussions towards establishing the framework for a common international action under GfTADS. The move to monthly reporting of FMD by 1st administrative unit in WAHID was widely welcomed, as this was a strong recommendation of the West Eurasia roadmap meeting.

In discussion it was clarified that FAO fully recognised and was involved with the South-East Asia and China FMD control programme, and that South Asia is a distinct epidemiological region, referring to SAARC countries (India and its immediate neighbours), and that South Asia remained a strategically important gap since new epidemics have been shown to arise here and spread to West Eurasia (e.g type O PanAsia, O Ind ) and South-East Asia.

The Chairman encouraged the OIE to progress in its review of its terrestrial animal health standards the consideration of certain aspects of the PCP, as a tool to assess progress and in development of incentives. He concluded, with support from the Committee members, that there is a need for a comprehensive, global report to be prepared for the next meeting on status of all ongoing projects and programmes for FMD control, to better identify who does what, substantiate gaps and assess likely progress, where appropriate. He asked the Secretariat to undertake this, and that FAO work with EuFMD Standing Technical Committee to progress and finalise the PCP Guidelines for presentation to the Open Session in Vienna.

ITEM 6. Long Term Strategy for FMD Control in West Eurasia Background and associated papers Recommendations of the FMDWeek 2009 meetings in Istanbul in October 2009 [ EuFMD Executive R#10 and #14 of the 78th Session, and of the West Eurasia FMD Lab network group meeting given in the Report of the West Eurasia Roadmap Progress Review Meeting (Appendix 10), to build a functioning network of FMD labs in West Eurasia that acts also as a bridge to the European NRLs most actively engaged in surveillance support.

6. a) Support to the programme of the West Eurasia FMD Lab Network in 2010 A proposal was tabled (Appendix 11) for a programme of activities aimed at improving FMD lab performance in the region in the key areas of diagnostic test performance (regional proficiency test service) and training to improve serotype confirmation, including greater use of the multiplex PCR, and information sharing methods and progress in allied projects including the full genome sequencing (FGS) studies co-ordinated by the WRL. Teleconferences every 3 months, and an annual

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meeting preceding the Roadmap Review meeting would be organised to ensure West Eurasian and European labs remained in close contact.

The Committee indicated its full support to the Chairman; the EC indicated agreement in principle to finance this through the Trust Fund (TF).

Dr Askaroglu, President of the Roadmap Advisory group, thanked the Chairman and EC for their support, and indicated willingness to host the 2010 Roadmap Progress review meeting in Turkey in November or December 2010, if no other country offered to host. The offer was welcomed by the Chairman.

ITEM 7. Support to improving FMD control in the South and East Mediterranean Background The 38th General Session of the EuFMD recommended EuFMD co-ordinate and play a supportive role to REMESA network for North African countries, through the RAHC in Tunis; an FMD training proposal was developed, reviewed (by the 78th ExCom) and sent back for changes. FAO funded FMD control projects (TCPs) have been implemented in Egypt (to 9/09) and Lebanon (to 12/09) with EuFMD providing technical expertise. EC provided FMD vaccine to Lebanon through EuFMD in 2009 as emergency response to A Iran 05 epidemic. Lebanon and Egypt are both neighbours of an EuFMD member country.

7. a) Proposal to provide support to training in design and monitoring of control programs (surveillance for FMD and associated laboratory performance requirements) A revised version of the FMD Training Proposal was provided (Appendix 12) to the ExCom and summarized by Adel BenYoussef (EuFMD). In this proposal, training would be provided in the monitoring of FMD control programmes and in the area of laboratory services; the courses would be organised with Regional Animal Health Centre (RAHC) in Beirut and Tunis and thereby would be offered as support to regional activities planned under these centres. Where possible co-funding, for example of the travel costs of participants from countries that are not neighbouring to EuFMD member states. The budget estimate for the training was 108,000 US$.

The Chairman asked for comment on the proposal; support was voiced by Turkey and Sweden and all indicated their agreement.

Conclusion - the proposal was endorsed; - It was further agreed that training, and on the mode of co-operation with partner organisations and networks such as REMESA, should be reported and reviewed at the EuFMD General Session in April 2011.

7. b). Status of FAO/EuFMD actions supported in 2009– Egypt and Lebanon The recent assistance provided, and lessons learnt relating to FMD, were summarised by Dr Ben Youssef (Appendix 13-14-15).

In Egypt, TCP FAO funded emergency project on FMD (TCP/EGY/3105, 269,000 US$) had ended in September 2009 and the VS of Egypt had indicated strong desire for EuFMD/FAO to continue support on laboratory strengthening and FMD surveillance. The TCP had been provided in response to FMD outbreaks in 2007 and had focussed on local management capacity, particular on QA of locally produced vaccines, and piloting a monitoring program for vaccination campaigns (improving NSP serology and interlab comparison to harmonise VNT for assessment of response to vaccination). An th

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innovative, sms-based reporting system had been piloted in 5 areas in order to obtain FMDV isolates from outbreaks, to test for suitability of the local vaccine; this system had directly resulted in the only reports of FMD to the OIE during the project period but had proved FMDV is circulating, both A Egy 06 (for over 3 years) and O Panasia II (following presumed introduction in 2007). The seromonitoring in 5 areas had indicated a high and widespread exposure of animals to FMD (for large ruminants < 24 months, estimated animal true prevalence was 34%), whereas repeat vaccinated dairy animals were sero-negative, suggesting NSP antibodies did not relate to use of impure vaccine. The TCP, although low cost, had been highly influential in introducing QA procedures and workable solutions. Design of a follow-on project, aimed at securing the continuity of the monitoring program and outbreak investigation (following sms-report) will be submitted to EuFMD following mission of Kees van Maanen (15-19th March). Details are given in Appendix 13.

In discussion, the significance of the findings and the risks of the African type A for the middle-east and Europe was re-affirmed. The WRL indicated that the FAO TCP had been essential to clarifying the epidemiologic situation. Dr Füssel expressed disappointment that the sms system had not continued after the TCP, but re-affirmed the importance of continued information flow on the situation, particularly the circulating A strain.

The Chairman concluded that continuation of technical support was required. He suggested the limit for 2010 for this support should be US$150,000.

In Lebanon, support to improve FMD surveillance and contingency planning had been provided under FAO funded TCP (3102/Leb), which ended 12/2009. EuFMD with EC support had provided emergency support in 2009 following the type A Iran 05 outbreaks. A summary of support provided, the use made and results of monitoring programs are given in Appendix 14. TCP support had focussed on developing an animal health information system, contingency planning, diagnostic capacity for FMD and HPAI, and establishing a sero-monitoring program to provide baseline information on certain key diseases.

FMD outbreaks (incursion of A Iran 05) had resulted in a crisis situation in early 2009 and EC had agreed to provide monovalent vaccine; a summary of application was provided. The vaccine has been received by the end of September and has been used by the Lebanese veterinary services according to the following breakdown: 60,000 cattle, 10,000 swine, and 170,000 small ruminants. The zones of high concentration were vaccinated first. The total used at time of report was about 155,000 doses.

The authorities plan to vaccinate in 2010 on two occasions using O/ A/Asia1.

Sero-monitoring for FMD indicated nearly 70% village had positive cattle reactors, and 20% of cattle (2-4 years age) samples; samples had been collected prior to the 2009 epidemic therefore indicate exposure in period 2005-8. Diagnostic kits, training and a vade mecum (decision tree/guidance) for FMD confirmation had been agreed and good communications established with the VS and CVL for FMD. In addition, the EuFMD provided assistance by: - proposing guidelines for the early detection and diagnostic of FMD outbreaks; - providing a kit for the early virus detection (A/O/Asia1); - supplying kits to complete the sero-prevalence study on small ruminants, to monitor the virus circulation and the effectiveness of the control measures.

The Chairman took note of the findings and concluded that it remained important for the Secretariat to keep in contact with the VS of Lebanon on the status of their FMD control programme and their capacity for rapid confirmation and typing of outbreaks of FMD.

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ITEM 8. International FMD surveillance : African proximity Background The 78th ExCom recommended the Secretariat prepare a project document to be tabled at the 79th ExCom, taking into consideration points raised in the review of the support provided in 2005-9.

The item was introduced by Dr Sumption. In 2005-9, several low budget forms of assistance had been provided to African FMD laboratories to address information on FMD circulation in livestock populations/ecosystems which had been known to have been the source of FMD incursions in north Africa and the middle-east since 1999. The small grant program was reviewed by the Research Group, and discussed at the 78th Executive; although efficient (at less than 1000US$ per result on the WRL website, including sample collection/transport and null results) the Executive had indicated that greater efficiencies should be sought in the new programme.

The proposal tabled (Appendix 15) had three major aims, to improve regional FMDV viral intelligence gathering and communication (in North-eastern and northern parts of West/Central Africa), improved submission of relevant FMDV to WRL from high risk populations, and assessment of population risk (incidence) in two selected countries. The activities would be mediated by having a) two regional focal points to gather information from labs in their areas, to improve assessment of new FMDV events and threats; b) a small number of grants, each of which would have an African and European NRL partner, in order to achieve greater technical efficiency and quality in each action, and which would generate some of the information constraining regional threat assessment. Support costs (from a budget of 900k US$) included an element for European experts to visit/train/advise on the actions of the African partners.

The proposal was discussed; the Chairman was concerned to know if the program would guarantee greater efficiency than the previous programme. Keith Sumption explained that the new system, focussing on regional information gathering from African NRLs in addition to small projects in hot – spots, should generate information of greater relevance/importance. The inclusion of European NRL partners should address the high false negative rate in samples submitted to WRL through greater screening at the African NRLs before shipment, so efficiency should rise. He was confident the program would achieve a reduction in average cost/result compared to the first Phase.

The proposed inclusion of countries in the potential program from beyond the immediate belt of sub-Saharan belt was questioned by several participants. The secretariat outlined that the Somaliecosystem had been shown as the source for Egypt in 2006, and Kenya provides the regional lab that handles Somali samples; Nigeria and Cameroon were potentially included as most livestock are located in northern regions in full contact with sahelian animals, and in addition NVRI Vom, Nigeria, is a leading regional lab in the regional RESOLAB network co-orientated by FAO. Conclusion It was agreed that the overall initiative should be considered a framework under which individual actions could be reviewed and agreed, and that a review panel should be formed to assess relevance these proposed actions against agreed criteria. The panel agreed comprised Ulrich Herzog, Nigel Gibbens, Jef Hammond, Alf Fuessel with Secretary, Keith Sumption.

ITEM 9. Progress reports on FMD Control Projects in the Region 9. a). Turkey: FMD situation and progress of the Turkey/EuropeAid Project The report (Appendix 16) was provided by Dr Askaroglu, CVO Turkey.

Situation: 98 outbreaks had been reported in 2010, of which 29 were confirmed as type A, 40 type O, and the rest remained untyped. This represents an upsurge in cases compared to previous years th

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(almost 100 cases in 2 months of 2010 compared to 253 and 214 cases in 2008 and 2009, respectively). The cases are widely distributed, except for Thrace region. A notable gap is in Konya in 2009 to present, compared to 2008 and previous years.

The FMDV strains involved are continuously evolving within Turkey, both in type O (4% VP1 sequence diversity) and type A where 5 subgroups can be seen with 6-7% diversity. There is little evidence of new FMDV incursions in the past two years except for a detection of the A TUR06 BAR-08 lineage (which spread across most of the mid-east in 2009. This suggests high vaccination rates in 2008-9 have had an impact. However, as FMDV strains are evolving, cross-protection studies are important, and two years ago (July 2008) the A22 Iraq vaccine strain was replaced with A TUR 04/06.

Turkey is engaged in a major joint project (EuropeAid Project TR060302) which ends Nov 2010 . Full vaccination of large and small ruminants was planned and in autumn 2009, the highest rates of vaccination were achieved; 91% LR (96% in Thrace) and 63% of SR. The 2009 national sero-monitoring had detected 10% overall prevalence (1.7-22.8% by region).

Response to vaccination was assessed by testing sera (3900) from seven regions, with 69%, 82% and 80% positive for type O, A and Asia-1 by LBPE ELISA at a 1/100 dilution, respectively.

The 2010 serosurveillance plan is for collection from Thrace region in the autumn and Anatolia in the spring time, from 1075 villages in 7 regions, based on prevalence observed in 2009 in each region; in villages 31 LR + 32 SR will be sampled, assuming 10% seroprevalence; in total 67,000 sera will be collected with 3400 sera collected 30 days post-vaccination for SP antibody responses, based on expected 80% prevalence.

Turkey had high hopes that the recognition by the OIE of the status of freedom of Thrace region from FMD with vaccination, would be recognised in May 2010. This would be a historic moment for Turkey and the EuFMD, given the enormous importance placed on control of FMD in Thrace region for the biosecurity of south-eastern Europe.

Discussion The Chairman congratulated the GDPC on the progress made in past two years, and for the strong commitment to maintaining this with a new Phase of support in 2011-13.

Keith Sumption drew attention to the very long history of EuFMD activities including emergency actions, development of FMD vaccine production, and frequent missions, and in support of FMD control in Thrace region, starting from the SAT epidemics in the early 1960s, so for almost 50 years the region had been of high importance as a route, or barrier, for FMD spread into South-East th

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Europe. Official recognition of FMD freedom for Thrace region, if maintained, would be an enormous step forward and all parties should recognise the achievement of this joint effort.

However, he also brought attention to the upsurge in FMDV in Turkey, which remained unexplained, and all the more concerning as vaccination in autumn 2009 involved record levels of LR and SR (19 million; and almost 63% of sheep, for the first time a mass vaccination of sheep in Turkey). Was this further evidence of the cyclicity of FMD in the region, occurring despite mass vaccination? It was also disappointing that detailed accounts of the circumstances of outbreaks were lacking, despite the training of Turkish vets in the real-time courses; to assess if breakthrough of A TUR06 or O Manisa was occurring, or simply lack of vaccination in key ages or units. Is there any association of outbreaks with provider of vaccine, as 3 companies are involved? He considered it would be surprising, and very worrying, if the outbreaks had occurred following use of all three vaccines in an appropriate manner and coverage. The lack of detailed follow-up to outbreaks remains a concern and should be addressed.

Other points raised: Dr Georgiev indicated that a fully functional ID&R system should be high priority, with a compensation system. More effort needed to analyse NSP findings in relation to vaccine use, and greater effort to deal with illegal movements.

Dr Sumption in addition thanked GDPC for observing the reporting of exotic diseases in Thrace region, such as PPR (Report received 17th March, PPR in Gelibolu). He requested GDPC provide maps of type A and O distribution, and that using the Research Group/WRL activities supported by EuFMD, effort be made to - apply the FLS project to the current situation – as part of identifying factors responsible for apparent increased FMD; - identify if cross-protection has decreased, and make recommendations (JH, AD, NB).

9. b). TransCaucasus countries (TCC): situation and project proposal for 2010-12 Background R#17 & #18 of the 78th Session: 1) A new project support document should be developed, and negotiated with the countries and the EC, that takes into consideration the conclusions of the review of the 2007-9 program; 2) Given the risk associated with lack of vaccination in Georgia, access to an emergency reserve of FMD vaccine is urgently needed; the Secretariat should agree with the EC on the arrangements.

Current Situation and actions undertaken Dr Carsten Potzsch, EuFMD, presented the 6-month report on the FMD situation in the TCC since October 2009, and on the outcome of meeting held in Tbilisi, February 2010, to reach agreement on use of donated FMD vaccine for the spring campaign 2010, and on the status of the discussions with TCC veterinary services on objectives and activities of a new Phase of support in 201011.(Appendices 17-18).

In summary: • Draft project document 2010-12 had been developed and agreed with TCC vet service representatives; • the spring 2010 FMD vaccination plan had been agreed, based on FMD risk situation; • increased live animal export from the region changes the risk of FMD from and within this region.

Since October 2009 (78th Session), major activities undertaken were: • nationally organized autumn vaccination campaign undertaken without FMD project vaccine supplied; th

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• • • • •

Drafting project document for 2010-2012; Project meeting with TCC representatives in Tbilisi in March, spring 2010 vaccination plan (with project vacc.) agreed based on assessment of FMD risks; regional vaccination database development, funded under 2007-9 EuFMD/EC funds; through FLI, Germany; TCC participation (2 countries) in the 2009 WRL proficiency tests, for first time; Testing of Azeri sera at IZSLER (conclusion; good vacc. coverage/immunity; national NSP diagnosis still needs assistance).

The risk situation: • Increasing in spring and summer, with earlier movement to seasonal pastures this year (mild winter); • Movements due to Nouruz bayram (20./21.3.) in Azerbaijan & Iran; • Population immunity good but decreasing in Arm & Azb, low and decreasing in Geo; • Booster vaccination (since 2nd half of 2009) – Azerbaijan 312,000 LR (11% of total) – Armenia 451,000 LR & 55,000 SR (81% & 11% of total)

17k cattle, ? sheep

280k sheep to Arab countries

117k sheep 100 km

Grazing movements Internal trade International trade

Vaccination plan spring 2010 Azerbaijan

Armenia

Georgia

Project vacc.

483,000 doses

283,000 d.

184,000 d.

National vaccine

± 4 mill. doses, trivalent, ARRIAH

tri-valent, Pokrov (ordered)

-

Total vacc. plan

100% of LR 20% of SR (to summer pastures & border regions with Iran)

90% of LR (high risk) 60% SR (to summer pastures & border with Turkey) 40,000 does to N.Karabakh

15% of LR and 0.5% of SR 80% & 4% in former BZ (esp. on migration routes and summer pasture)

Booster vacc.

yes (LR)

yes (LR)

-

Planned start

end March/April

end March/April

end April - May

• •

Reporting: monthly project reports, project database Reserve of 150,000 doses tri-valent, at FGI-ARRIAH

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Draft project - support to FMD control in 2010-12 The proposal presented was for a 3 year program as a continuation (Phase 2010-12) of the support provided under the European Commission/EUFMD program (MTF/INT/003/EEC) to reduce the risk of transboundary FMD movement across the eastern European borders, including the borders of the Caucasus countries with Turkey and Iran. The proposed action is in line with the West EurAsia FMD Roadmap, in which risk reduction is achieved by each TCC undertaking actions to achieve and complete Stage 2 activities which have the aim of preventing virus circulation in the TCC, and entering Stage 3.

The programme for the Caucasus countries has 3 main components: 1. Regional Coordination of national FMD prevention actions, policy development and implementation support, in line with the EuFMD 38th Session and vision of the West Eurasia FMD Roadmap; 2. FMD monitoring and FMD control, incl. vaccination, information management, and emergency planning, in line with requirements of Stage 2; 3. Laboratory capacity to support FMD monitoring /surveillance and control programmes.

The aim of the project is to re-enforce regional bio-security, especially at the borders between the TransCaucasus and Turkey and Iran. Of note is the escalating meat import trade, and the risk of entry into free range pig production since most pigs are kept on a scavenging basis, and FMD has frequently entered other countries by such a route.

The project strategy is: 1. Reinforce preventive vaccination measures in high risk zones including the border regions with Turkey/Iran in spring 2010-2011 through the provision of a quality assured FMD vaccine containing the appropriate antigens; 2. Identify the impact of control measures upon FMDV circulation and incidence, and to reassess and guide the NVS on control measures to be taken to prevent virus circulation; 3. Establish in each country and at regional level sufficient access to quality assured laboratory services that will enable improved national monitoring of the vaccination programs, and able to achieve early confirmation of FMD if it occurs.

Regarding the inputs required, the budget for the action is circa 2 million US$, which is a lower amount compared to the 2007-9 Phase as a result of a reduction in the annual vaccine purchase component (2010-11), with no purchase foreseen for 2012; in that year an emergency reserve is proposed instead, with the decision on level of input for that year being made at the mid-term project review in 2011.

Discussion The Chairman thanked Dr Potzsch for the work to develop the new Phase and opened the discussion.

Dr Füessel indicated that the use of EC funded vaccine in a risk based approach could be supported but if the countries will agree to full national vaccination as planned, with project supplied vaccine as a component, then the latter input should be seen as being for the Buffer Zone (BZ). He questioned what prevents project inputs from maintaining the BZ while national inputs are risk based. Dr Potzsch replied that this was the reality in the planning of the 2010 spring campaigns, since the major areas for risk based vaccination were in the borders with Turkey/Iran. All countries wanted to maintain BZ using a combination of national and international supplied vaccine, and the benefit of the EuFMD/EC input was to guarantee vaccine meeting our requirements will be used. However the financial crisis has had an impact, with Armenia reducing from 100% coverage in 2009. He confirmed that there is no other EC support (through EC to the national budgets) as occurred several years ago, for FMD vaccination in the 3 countries and therefore the EuFMD/EC support was of high significance.

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The quality of clinical surveillance was questioned, as the monthly reports do not mention suspected FMD; the suspicion remained that given the export trade, that if they have something they may not report it.

The Chairman sought reassurance that a functional vet service is present in Georgia for planning of preventive measures; Dr Potzsch reported that the situation appears to be improving, the current Minister (following meetings held with EuFMD/FAO officers) has changed towards a positive position, recognising the national importance of contributing to the joint vaccination programme to prevent FMD, and that they have agreed to use national budget to pay private veterinarians to undertake FMD vaccination.

Conclusion The need for the proposed action was reaffirmed by the Committee and the proposed support for 2010-12 was agreed in principle by the Committee; the EC requested to review the proposed action after submission by the Secretariat and indicate its position at the earliest opportunity.

9. c). Iran: situation, review of Phase II and proposed actions for Phase III Background Item discussed at 78th Session with Conclusion: The Committee noted with concern the problems to implement Phase II, given the importance of the risk for Turkey and the wider region, and endorsed the proposal that a review of Phase II and of proposed actions for Phase III be conducted, by early 2010 before submission of a Phase III project to the EC. Situation and actions undertaken Dr Francis Geiger introduced the item with a presentation (Appendix 19) which summarised the report of the mission team (FG, Labib-Bakkali, AFSSA France, lab expert, and Nenad Petrovic, Serbia, information systems expert) which had reviewed Phase II and gave recommendations on the management of the potential Phase III. The mission team had met with IVO to prepare for the review, in January 2010, and to identify Phase III areas of interest identified in the request of the Head of the IVO by letter to the EuFMD Secretariat, and the team had visited Iran to conduct the review in Feb 2010.

The overall conclusion was that Phase II had been too ambitious for the 15 months agreed when the project was signed between FAO and IVO in September 2008. Of the 5 components, some had exceeded expected progress, such as the progress to harmonise regional measures (the West Eurasia Roadmap made greater than expected progress), but national components, which relied on the actions of the Project Steering Committee, were limited as the PSC had rarely met and a project management approach by the national counterparts (in the IVO) had not been implemented. Some external training components, such as the lab twinning with WRL Pirbright, could not be implemented because of issues constraining UK institutions working with Iran, and alternative arrangements had been similarly difficult to implement with European partners. Despite this, the first major sero-survey had been conducted with >23,000 sera being tested in Iran, for the first time. In addition the lab networking/early warning system had functioned, providing a warning of the O Ind 2001 incursion, but overall still required a new approach to address the time between the event and virus typing being achieved.

For the 3rd Phase, the main objectives had been proposed by the IVO and the Secretariat had drafted a project document in line with the EuFMD Strategic Plan and based on the provisional budget presented at the 78th Session. The mission team considered that the 3rd Phase must be based on a commitment to follow an appropriate project management system, with a regular meeting of all the actors, improved project reporting (no project steering committee reports under Phase II), and time-

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table for actions. Further, where training is involved this commitment must be there to use the trainees to continue within the project to achieve agreed objectives.

Regarding Phase III, the mission team reviewed the five components proposed by the IVO, and identified activities where external inputs could be critical to progress at national level. These components were mainly in technical guidance in FMD monitoring and surveillance (components 1,3 4) and laboratory support to FMD monitoring (incidence, rapid FMDV typing, and vaccination monitoring; Component 2). The IVO had requested support to establish a Control Zone in Western Iran, which could be a major success if it achieved progress to reduce impact of transboundary animal movements; inputs here would be to support regional meetings and guide local investigation/planning of control measures. Component 5, on animal ID and movement control systems, could be assisted through technical guidance (consultancy to design I&R systems). Overall the objectives identified by Iran were high, and therefore national commitment obtained would achieve significant progress.

Regarding the next Steps, Dr Geiger indicated that the Iranian authorities were reconsidering the need for external assistance for Phase III objectives identified in 2009, there being caution in developing new projects with external agencies. Based on their recommendations, they would formulate a revised Draft of Phase III and send to the EuFMD Commission, and if agreed by EuFMD/EC, this could proceed to signature of a new MoU (agreement).

Discussion The Chairman thanked Dr Geiger for his work in leading the review team and for the clear summary of issues to be addressed.

Concerns were expressed to ensure lessons were leant from the recent Phase, particularly to ensure the objectives for Phase III are achievable, with a clear commitment of the parties to local project management system and that external training or inputs are possible under the current circumstances.

Dr Domenech, France, indicated their strong interest to see a Phase III in order to maintain links and knowledge of situation in a difficult country.

In conclusion, the Committee - Reaffirmed the importance to Turkey, the EC and EuFMD for continued activity to develop and agree with the IVO the way forward and type of support that will be most effective; - agreed that a Phase III proposal should be, if possible, approved by the ExCom in May 2010 for decision/finalisation with the EC. decide /finalise/with EC. It was agreed that France would organize, at the time of the OIE May2010 Session, a meeting place for the ExCom to meet separately and together with Iranian authorities to agree upon the way forward with Phase III. 9. d) Syria Background Support to FMD surveillance in Syria was agreed between EuFMD/EC in 2008 and a small project implemented that focussed on design of a monitoring system and laboratory capacity for serosurveillance.

Situation FMD has not been reported in Syria since 2002, an apparent anomaly given that all neighbouring countries have had recent epidemics of A Iran 05 or type O. Progress of the project was summarised

by Dr Ben Youssef (Appendix 20), following his joint mission with Dr Potzsch in February 2010.

Progress to implement agreed surveillance plan had been slow, but results (for LR) provided during the mission, all 5000 sera had negative results, a surprising finding. A timetable for follow-up actions th

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was agreed, including completion of the SR sampling and serology, and laboratory training in NSP test interpretation and follow-up actions. in view of the negative results, external testing of a subset was recommended.

Discussion It was agreed that the development of the PCP process, incuding official recognition of Stage 2 (national control strategy) may assist with countries to improve trade prospects from non-free areas, which could benefit exporting countries such as Syria.

Conclusion A report on the project and perspective for continued co-operation in 2011-12 was requested for the 80th Session.

ITEM 10. Report on activities of the Standing Technical Committee (Research Group) 10. a) Open Session of the Standing Technical Committee The venue and programme for the upcoming Meeting in Vienna was discussed. The FMDWeek2010 (27th September-1st Oct) would include the following back to back meetings : • • • • •

80th ExCom Session (Mon-Tues); Open Session of the Technical Committee (Wedns-Friday); parallel meeting on Economic Impact assessment of FMD in free countries (Wedns); parallel meetings of FMD projects (GFRA, EC DISCONVAC, and FAO/IAEA collaborative research project on FMD) – Tuesday; Annual Meeting of the OIE/FAO FMD Reference laboratory network (Mon-Tuesday of following week, Pirbright).

The FMDWeek would therefore make efficient use of the time, minimise travel and maximise participation from international reference centres as well as EuFMD Member States.

The programme was endorsed, with full support from the Committee.

10 .b) Marketing authorisation issue Dr Dekker, Chairman of the Technical Committee, reviewed the issue, followed by additional remarks. from Dr Füessel. The issue was raised as one that affects MS and the EC that hold antigens.

At present buyers depend on market authorisation being sought by vaccine producers; for antigens older than 5 years, considered to be satisfactory but beyond the conditions of the MA, the emergency derogation procedure cannot be applied as it was considered that 5 years without gaining an MA does not equal an emergency situation. Consultations in the EC are ongoing as the DGEnterprise unit responsible has been assigned to DG-SANCO and new possibilities arise including possible application for MA by EC. There is scope and possibility for rationalising the national and EC holdings, but complex area for negotiations.

In conclusion, the EC would update the 80th Session and a summary could also be provided to the Open Session (Item on vaccine and antigen bank selection/priorities).

10 c) Concept Notes for proposed technical studies Dr Dekker presented the two Concept Notes (CN) which had been submitted to the Secretariat and reviewed by the panel in line with procedures adopted at the 78th Session; the panel had comprised members of the Executive, EC, and Chair and Vice-Chair (Dr de Clercq) of the Research Group (RG).

Both CN relate to the priority of the RG for improving procedures for vaccine matching, for type A and SAT viruses. th

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The first CN (costed at 20,000 €) was for activities that would generate biological reagents (antisera) for studies on antigenic diversity of type A viruses using VNT and LPBE. The Review group endorsed the proposal although they questioned if sufficient animals were involved.

The second CN concerned SAT vaccination monitoring, and generation of suitable standard sera for PTS. The group endorsed the proposal but required that at the contract stage the main component costs be clarified and better justified, and that there should be SAT1&2 sera made available as an output to EU labs, from both vaccinated and also vaccinated/field exposed cattle. As these antisera could not be generated without a higher cost in EU labs, the CN was therefore considered good use of funds. The CN was therefore endorsed with the proviso that the Chairman undertakes to revise the final agreement with input of the Working Group (Dr Paton, WRL –Leader).

10. d) Other issues The apparent reduction in r-values by VNT of type O manisa and recent circulating type O in Turkey/Iran was raised.

Conclusion The situation requires to be continually monitored, and the Chairman would produce guidance (decision tree or similar) on when the cross-protection and other results justify a potency test (crossprotection), as the latter generally cost at least 50,000 US$, and take time to arrange (often 4-6 months) as facilities are limited in Europe.

ITEM 11. Financial Report Dr Sumption presented the Financial Statements for the three Trust Funds managed by the Secretariat (Appendix 21).

11. a) Status of country contributions to MTF/INT/011/MUL The cash balance at the end of 2009 for the TF which is used to support administration of the Commission was 291, 055 US$, but with outstanding contributions of 155kUS$. The positive cash balance, as a result of savings in salaries, enables the decision to support the WRL contract with an additional 75,000 US$ in 2010, and to propose supporting “Internships” (Item 11c) through use of savings in the travel budget line.

Note: the Final Statements for 2009 will have some adjustments to those provided to the Session as a result of the need to charge the EC Trust Fund for actions paid from the 011/MUL during the period while waiting for the 1st instalment of the EC Funds under the new agreement, to be paid to FAO. 11. b). Status of MTF/INT/003/EC Dr Sumption explained that the occasion of the signing of the new agreement with the EC for support to the Commission in 2009-12 gave rise to a necessity to close the accounts on expenditures made prior to signature, in order to improve budget control and reporting on expenditure under the new agreement. Since the 2005 agreement was for 48 months from September 2005, expenditure on preagreed actions in 2009 occurred from the TF of 1.144mUS$, resulting in a deficit of almost 248k US$ at the time of closure of the account; a new account (Trust Fund number) was opened and Statement 5 indicates the receipt of 2.23mUS$ under the new agreement, and a balance of 1.633mUS$ at the close of 2009.

The true balance of the TF at end of 2009, with correction for the deficit of 248kUS$ was therefore 1.38mUS$.

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He explained that the 248k deficit was not an overspend, rather the opposite, there was significant underspend over the 4 year period and FAO had not received the funds in 2008 in line with the preagreed level of activities, so that a deficit occurred as the 2009 payment by EC was made on the basis of the new agreement signed in mid-2009.

The situation could be rectified by either EC making a payment of 248k USD in line with the terms of the 2005 agreement, or giving FAO permission to write off the deficit with the funds received under the new agreement.

It was concluded that FAO would write to EC with the suggested options.

11.c). Use of the Trust Funds to support “EuFMD Internships” The Secretary presented a proposal (Appendix 22) to use the “travel costs” budget line of the MTF/INT/003/MUL to the maximum amount of 50,000 US$ each year, to support professional officer attachments to the EuFMD Commission, with the objectives of providing international experience and training in FMD prevention and management, and assisting the Secretariat. He provided a paper outlining how the Intern positions would be managed. The minimum term of attachment would be three months, and the scheme was proposed as a pilot study to the 2011 General Session when the Commission could decide upon its longer term continuation.

Dr Füessel indicated that the EC could in principle support the programme, which could be considered a part of the training initiative.

The proposal was supported unanimously.

ITEM 12. Other business -Membership of the Executive: it was agreed to discussion the vacancy that has arisen from the retirement of Dr Pinheiro, with the incoming CVO of Portugal.

-FAO/OIE/EC Tripartite on FMD and other disease control in the Balkan region: it was agreed that the future of the Tripartite meeting, and its possible extension to other Balkan region countries, be discussed at a meeting to be held during the May OIE General Session, to be convened by Dr Herzog in consultation with OIE and EC representatives and of the interested countries.

Dr Belev agreed to discuss this with the DG of OIE, and the representatives of Bulgaria and Greece strongly supported the proposal to extend the country involvement in the TPT meeting, with inclusion also of rabies and CSF. -Items for the Provisional Agenda for the 80th Session (Vienna, 27-28th September) Note: if the September Session is the last ExCom before the General Session (39th, April 2011) it should also decide upon the Administrative Budget (and country contributions) to be proposed at the 39th Session, for biennium 2012-13.

1. Review of the WRL contract 2008-10, and proposal for 2011-13; 2. Vaccine and antigen banks: - risk assessment and priorities for national/EC bank; - market authorisation procedures and outlook for European vaccine bank management ; 3. Report of the West Eurasia FMD Lab network on virus circulation and epidemic threat.

4. Global Initiative: - report of the GfTADS Working Group on FMD (if occurred); - status/Adoption of guidelines relating to the Progressive Control Pathway; - report on the (Global) review of international projects supporting improved FMD control ; - preparation of the FAO/OIE Global FMD Scientific Conference, 2011. th

79 Session of the EuFMD Executive Committee -16-17 March 2010 – Stockholm, Sweden

25

5. West Eurasia – status/progress of FMD control programmes: - focus upon new programmes under negotiation or implemented (Iran, TransCaucasus).

6. South & East Mediterranean: - update on new programmes under negotiation or implemented (Egypt); - report of meeting held in Jordan for improved regional FMD control.

7. African proximity surveillance: - report on decisions made by the subcommittee.

8. Standing Technical Committee: - report on decisions of the Concept Note subcommittee.

9. Financial situation: - see Note about budget preparation for 39th Session; - report on Uptake of Intern positions.

Closing – Acknowledgement The Chairman thanked the Swedish hosts from the Ministry and the Board of Agriculture, particularly Mr Anders Lönnblad, Dr Denneberg and Dr Bjornerot, for their participation and for the excellent hospitality in Stockholm. He thanked all participants for making the effort to come to the north of Europe and for their vital contributions to the work of the Commission. He invited all to attend the 80th Executive Committee Session to be held 27-28th September in Vienna, and would do his best to match the marvellous atmosphere of Stockholm.

th

79 Session of the EuFMD Executive Committee -16-17 March 2010 – Stockholm, Sweden

26

Appendix 1 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 79th Session of the Executive Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Stockholm – Sweden 16-17 March 2010

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Austria Ulrich Herzog CVO,Mag. Ministry of Health, Family and Youth Radetzkystr. 2, 1031 Vienna Tel: +43 1 71100 4824 Mobile: +43664 611 29 96 e-mail: ulrich.herzog@bmgfj.gv.at; CVO-Austria@bmgfj.gv.at Greece Spiros Doudounakis CVO, Head of Unit of Animal Diseases Ministry of Rural Development and Food 2, Acharnon Str. 10176 Athens Tel: +30 210-8836420 e-mail: vetserv@ath.forthnet.gr Portugal Antonio Manuel Pino Fonseca Largo Academia Nacional de Belas Artes, nº 2 1249-105 Lisboa Tel: +351 21 323 9655 Mobile: +351 966 901 943 e-mail: pinafonseca@dgv.min-agricultura.pt Turkey Nihat Pakdil CVO, Director General, MARA General Directorate of Protection and Control Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Esat cad. 3, Bakanliklar 06100 Ankara Tel: +90-312-4257789 e-mail: vet_service@kkgm.gov.tr

United Kingdom Nigel Gibbens CVO, Head, International Animal Health Division Room 403, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 1A Page Street London SW1P 4PQ Tel: +44 20 79046169 e-mail: nigel.gibbens@defra.gsi.gov.uk CHAIRMAN OF THE RESEARCH GROUP The Netherlands Aldo Dekker Senior Scientist Laboratory Vesicular Diseases Central Institute for Animal Disease Control PO Box 2004 Lelystad 8203 AA Tel: +31 320 238603 e-mail: aldo.dekker@wur.nl CHAIRMAN OF THE WEST EURASIA ROADMAP Turkey Haluk Askaroglu Head of Animal Health Services Department General Directorate of Protection and Control MARA, Bakanlikar,Ankara Tel:+903124182436 e-mail: haluka@kkgm.gov.tr

27

EXPERTS ASSISTING MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

e-mail: Alf-Eckbert.Fuessel@ec.europa.eu

Bulgaria Georgi Kirilov Georgiev Head of Exotic and Emerging Diseases Laboratory of the National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medicine Institute 15 A Pencho Slaveikov Blvd, 1606 Sofia Tel: +359 2 345402 e-mail: georgivet2@yahoo.com

OIE - World Organisation for Animal Health Nikola Belev President of the OIE Regional Commission for Europe and Regional Coordinator for East European Countries Bld Wasil Lweski 110 1527 Sofia, Bulgaria Tel: +359-2-9441514 / Fax: +359-2-8462910 e-mail: rr.easteurope@oie.int

Ilian Boykovsky Exotic and Emerging Diseases Laboratory of the National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medicine Institute 15 A Pencho Slaveikov Blvd, 1606 Sofia Tel: +359 2 9159842 e-mail: ilian.boykovski@nvms.government.bg

Lea Knopf Scientific and Technical Department of the OIE 12, rue de Prony Paris, France e-mail: l.knopf@oie.int

Turkey Abdulnaci Bulut Expert, Head of Diagnosis Department SAP Institute Eskisehir Yolu 7 Kilometre Ankara Tel: +90 312-2873600 178 e-mail: nacib@sap.gov.tr

Caroline Planté Sub-regional Representative OIE OIE Sub-Regional Representation Brussels Rue Breydel 40 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32-22358613 e-mail: c.planté@oir.int

United Kingdom Katherine Sharpe Veterinary Epidemiology Animal Health, Wing 15 Government Buildings, Otley Road, Leeds LS16 5PZ e-mail: Kate.Sharpe@animalhealth.gsi.gov.uk OBSERVERS DGAI Joseph Domenech Direction Générale de l'Alimentation 251, rue de Vaugirard, 75732 Paris Cedex 15, France e-mail: joseph.domenech@agriculture.gouv.fr EC - European Commission Alf-Eckbert Füssel Head of Sector DG SANCO/O1 Animal Health, Trade and Zootechnics rue Froissart, 101, 3/67 B-1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 2950870 / Fax: +32 2 2953144

World Reference Laboratory (WRL) Jeffrey Hammond Pirbright Laboratory Institute for Animal Health Ash Road Pirbright, Surrey GU24 ONF, UK Tel: +44 1483 231012 Fax: +44 1483 232621 e-mail: jeffrey.hammond@bbsrc.ac.uk

FAO Peter de Leeuw Senior Veterinary Advisor Animal Health Service Animal Production and Health Division FAO HQs, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, Italy Tel: +39 0657054885 e-mail: peter.deleeuw@fao.org

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28

EUFMD Keith Sumption Secretary, EUFMD Animal Health Service Animal Production and Health Division FAO HQs, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, Italy Tel: +39 065705 5528 e-mail: keith.sumption@fao.org Adel Ben Youssef Animal Health Service Animal Production and Health Division FAO HQs, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, Italy Tel: +39 0657056811 e-mail: Adel.BenYoussef@fao.org Nadia Rumich EUFMD Secretariat Animal Health Service Animal Production and Health Division FAO HQs, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, Italy Tel: +39 065705 2637 e-mail : nadia.rumich@fao.org Francis Geiger EuFMD consultant Alfort Veterinary College Maisons Alfort, Paris, France Tel: 0033143967021 e-mail: francis.geiger@fao.org Carsten Potzsch EuFMD consultant FMD Surveillance and Control in the Transcaucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia) e-mail: carsten.potzsch@fao.org

79th Session of the EuFMD Executive Committee -16-17 March 2010 – Stockholm, Sweden

29

Appendix 2 Agenda 79th Session of the Executive Committee of the EuFMD Commission Stockholm, Sweden Items 1-8, on Day 1; remaining in the morning of Day 2

1

Opening and Adoption of the Agenda

U. Herzog

2

Follow-up Exc78 (Summary) Overview of risk situation and status of EuFMD projects

K. Sumption

3 FMD preparedness a) Real time FMD Training program: b) Survey on training needs for epidemic managers (Training on resource management, CP and simulation exercises) b) Laboratory preparedness i. WRL contract and proficiency test service-2010 4

5

6

7

8

9

International FMD risk situation and priorities for vaccine / antigen diagnosis (WRL) a) FMD risk situation; b) Priority antigens for the national / European banks and priority vaccine strains for West Eurasia; (Turkey / Iran / Caucasus) and North Africa.

N. Rumich U.Herzog

K. Sumption

J. Hammond

Global FMD Initiative a) FAO/OIE International Conference: Discussion on the follow-up to Paraguay, June 2009.

P. De Leeuw

Long Term Strategy for FMD Control in “West Eurasia” (Eastern Europe / West Asia) a) Support to the West Eurasia laboratory network

H. Askaroglu

Euro-Mediterranean Animal Health Network a)Follow-up to the Exc78: Training courses , OIE/FAO Middle-east Roundtable Meeting (Cairo) b) FMD Situation in Egypt (Project Document) and Lebanon.

International FMD Surveillance networking a) update on African proximity FMD surveillance initiative: Progress Reports on FMD Control Projects in the region b) Turkey: implementation of the Turkey / EuropeAid Project (N.Pakdil / Turkey c) Transcaucasus countries (TCC): Situation and Project Proposal for 2010-12 d) Iran: situation and progress report (MTF/INT/003/EC); review of Phase II and proposed project Phase III e) Syria

A Ben Youssef

K. Sumption

Dr Pakdil K. Sumption F. Geiger A BenYoussef

10 Standing Technical Committee a) Open Session - September 2010, Vienna b) Marketing Authorisation for FMD vaccines: c) Concept Notes for Proposed Technical Studies (for approval 11 Financial and Administrative Report + Workload Secretariat

U.Herzog A. Dekker

K. Sumption

12 Any Other Business

30

Appendix 3 Follow-up to the recommendations of the 78th Executive Committee of the Eufmd Commission

done

ongoing

follow-up

Recommendation

Progress

On the training of veterinarians for recognition and response to suspected FMD 1. The training of veterinarians in FMD recognition and response should be considered a continual activity of the Commission, without a time-limit; the modality for training should be identified following a mid –term review of the program in late th 2010, with recommendations to be brought to the 39 Session in 2011, with a view to ensuring continuity of the program in 2012 onwards.

Funding assured by implemented/ongoing.

EC

2011-12,

program

On the international risk situation 2. Member States (MS) should note the WRL recommendations on priority FMDV antigens to be kept for emergency situations, and reconsider their holdings in relation to the high risk of A Iran 05 and type O PanAsia II in the region; 3. Members States should be aware of the epidemics of type A Iran 05 in Turkey, Iran, with recent epidemic spread as far as Israel and Libya, and the relative poor match of A Iraq22 vaccine for this epidemic strain, and should review their precautionary measures during the upcoming winter transmission risk period; 4. The procedure proposed by the Research Group for identification of priority antigens was endorsed and should be out in place ahead of the next Session; 5. The risk assessment component of the new prioritization procedure should be made available to MS in order that they can adapt the procedure to address their own risk situation; 6. The technical studies recommended by the Research Group, relating to decision making tools and biological materials required by the reference laboratories for improved decision making, were supported in principle, and detailed concept notes should be developed for review and potential funding; 7. Consideration should be given to the possible mechanism for emergency procurement through the Trust Fund of FMD antigens held in banks of non-European countries, for use in EuFMD MS, for the situation in which national and EUVB are unable to supply sufficient antigens;

MS informed, and also Reports on WRL site.

MS informed, and also Reports on WRL site.

Implemented new procedure with method and results to be presented at 79th Session.

Awaiting 79th Session review.

Detailed concept notes requested from the two main working group leaders.

Not implemented yet.

31

8. Actions to improve submission of FMDV from the areas of concern in the African proximity should be continued.

African proximity threat monitoring activities developed (Project document ready for EC submission). Two missions (Nigeria and Kenya).

Relating to the Global Initiative 9. FAO and OIE are encouraged to put into place the working group to follow-up on the recommendations of the Paraguay conference, as recommended by the GfTADS Global Steering Committee, and are requested to consider to include the EuFMD Commission and a representative for the West Eurasia Roadmap in this group as regional representatives.

General agreement reached between FAO with OIE at Bilateral meetings Feb 2010. Contact point for FAO: Peter de Leeuw

Relating to the Long Term Strategy for FMD Control in West Eurasia 10. The proposal presented by the Secretariat was endorsed, related to rebalancing the efforts and financial resources of the EuFMD/EC program, and the financial resources required, towards high risk countries in West Eurasia, with focus on the neighbouring areas of Turkey. The regional support should in the current funding period provide some support for regional laboratory networking and epidemiology support to improve early warning of emergent viruses and to improve design of monitoring and surveillance studies; 11. The objectives of the Commission support should remain to reduce the risk of incursion of emergent viruses into member countries, particularly those at immediate risk, and promote progress of these countries along the regional Roadmap; 12. The Government of Italy was strongly encouraged to continue support in the period 2010-12, in parallel to the EuFMD/EC program, for the five countries to the east of Iran that have been supported under the Italian Cooperation with FAO;

Two project documents drafted and reviewed with country representatives (TransCaucasus, Iran) Regional lab network support actions identified (circa 100k in year 1).

Taken up during project planning.

GoI has given assurance of funding from April 2010.

13. A representative for the West EurAsia Roadmap initiative should be invited as Observer to attend future Sessions of the Executive Committee;

Implemented (Dr Askaroglu)

14. The support provided by the Commission to laboratory and epidemiology networking in this region should provide a bridge to enable European institutions and experts to gain from active involvement in studies in the West Eurasia region.

Lab network support actions identified, with technical involvement of 4 European NRLs (UK, France, Italy, Denmark) . Greece and Bulgaria will also be involved in training or meetings.

On the priority vaccine antigens for use in West EurAsia 15. Type O Manisa and Asia-1 Shamir, and type A Iran-05 strain, remain the recommended types and strains for inclusion in vaccination programmes in West Eurasia to cover the upcoming

EuFMD has purchased bivalent and trivalent vaccines based on this assessment.

6 month risk period. Countries should undertake risk

32

assessments before omitting one or more of these strains from the routine programme. Countries which utilise routine vaccination should ensure access to vaccines in emergency situation against less frequent FMDV strains, in the medium priority category of the WRL.

On the continuation of monitoring for FMD threats from the African proximity 16. The Secretariat should prepare a project document setting out the objectives, proposed management system for awarding, monitoring and valuating the small grants program. The inclusion of European partners for each proposal was supported, to improve quality, relevance and experience of each party in FMDV monitoring; the WRL should remain the main recipient for samples for vaccine matching.

Prepared and will be submitted to EC March 2010.

On the continuation of support to FMD control in the TransCaucasus countries 17. A new project support document should be developed, and negotiated with the countries and the EC, that takes into consideration the conclusions of the review of the 2007-9 program;

Developed, reviewed and revised Feb 2010 in meetings in Georgia.

18. Given the risk associated with lack of vaccination in Georgia, access to an emergency reserve of FMD vaccine is urgently needed; the Secretariat should agree with the EC on the arrangements.

Emergency reserve of 100,000 doses of Trivalent vaccine arranged to cover winter 2009-2010.

Reserve of 150k TV will be in place from April 2010.

On the studies recommended by the Standing Technical Committee 19. Concept notes for potential funding should be developed for the four new actions recommended by the Technical Committee, and commissioned following the application of the procedure adopted at this session for review of the relevance, technical approach, value and management of the proposed work.

Awaiting concept notes from the Leaders of the Working Groups. How to speed the process?

33

Appendix 4

EuFMD Realtime Training – Progress report Nadia Rumich, EuFMD Secretariat

Appendix 4

Trainees • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Portugal Spain Albania Greece

Portugal Norway Germany Serbia Greece Hungary Norway Austria Spain Ireland Italy Albania Slovenia Belgium Finland

Germany Israel

2009

Slovenia Denmark Belgium Sweden Netherlands

2010

Poland France Croatia UK Norway Ireland Finland

79ExCom – Stockholm-Sweden- 16-17 March 2010

Country

TRAINER KEITH EOIN DONALD KEES ALDO NICK Honhold Jon Artz Melissa McLaws Theo Ole Herman Tronerud Micheal Casey Slavoljub G Stanojevic Silvia Bellini CARSTEN Kate Sharpe Philippe Houdart Alan Johnson Giovanni Alborali Fa8c@stmk.gv.at Elnno Ryan Waters

79ExCom – Stockholm-Sweden- 16-17 March 2010

Subject PATHOLOGIST PATHOLOGIST PATHOLOGIST PATHOLOGIST PATHOLOGIST PATHOLOGIST EPIDEMIOLOGIST EPIDEMIOLOGIST EPIDEMIOLOGIST EPIDEMIOLOGIST EPIDEMIOLOGIST EPIDEMIOLOGIST EPIDEMIOLOGIST EPIDEMIOLOGIST EPIDEMIOLOGIST EPIDEMIOLOGIST EPIDEMIOLOGIST EPIDEMIOLOGIST EPIDEMIOLOGIST

Trainers

79ExCom – Stockholm-Sweden- 16-17 March 2010

79ExCom – Stockholm-Sweden- 16-17 March 2010

Innovations 2010 Real time PCR Multiplex PCR Trainees as trainers Realtime sharing image sharing with distant experts Online course material Training videos (step by step)

79ExCom – Stockholm-Sweden- 16-17 March 2010

34

Appendix 5

FMD preparedness – Use of models to predict resources required Kate Sharpe, Veterinary Epidemiology

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HH iiss ttoo rryy oo ff m m oo dd ee lllliinn gg iinn FF oo oo dd aa nn dd FF aa rr m m iinn gg G G rr oo uu pp FF oo lllloo w w iinn gg FF M M DD 22 00 00 11 :: –– M M oo dd ee l ll li inn gg aa cc cc ee pp ttee dd aa ss aa rree cc oo gg nn i iss ee dd ttoo oo l l tthh aa tt cc oo uu l ldd aa ss ss i iss tt i inn dd ee cc i iss i ioo nn -m m aa kk i inn gg –– DD ee ffrraa ’ ’ss CC oo nn tti inn gg ee nn cc yy PP l laa nn i inn cc l luu dd ee dd ss ttrruu cc ttuu rree ffoo rr i inn vv oo l lvv i inn gg m m oo dd ee l ll li inn gg i inn dd ee cc i iss io io nn --m m aa kk i inn gg pp rroo cc ee ss ss –– SS in c e 2 0 0 2 , c . £ 2 m f u n d in c e 2 0 0 2 , c . £ 2 m f u n d i inn gg oo nn FF M M DD m m oo dd ee l ll li inn gg aa l loo nn ee –– FF FF GG EE pp i idd ee m m i ioo l loo gg yy GG rroo uu pp oo ww nn ss DD ee ffrraa ’ ’ss m m oo dd ee l ll li inn gg cc aa pp aa bb i ililittyy –– DD ee vv ee l loo pp m m ee nn tt oo ff aa ss ttrraa ttee gg i icc m m oo dd ee l llilinn gg cc aa pp aa bb i il li ittyy –– EE xx oo dd i iss ™ ™ ((RR i iss kk SS oo l luu ttio io nn ss ))

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35

EE xx aa m m pp llee oo ff rr ee cc ee nn tt uu ss aa gg ee

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••

PP rri inn cc i ipp aa l l oo uu ttpp uu ttss:: DD aa ttaa i inn ss uu pp pp oo rrtt oo ff rree ccoo m mm m ee nn dd aa tti ioo nn ss ffoo rr pp aa rrtti iccuu l laa rr cc oo nn ttrroo l l ssttrraa ttee gg i iee ss tthh aa tt aa rree l li ikk ee l lyy ttoo m m i inn i im m i issee oo uu ttbb rree aa kk cc oo ss tt..

EE xx aa m m pp llee oo ff rree cc ee nn tt uu ss aa gg ee M M oo dd ee l l uu ssee dd ttoo gg ee nn ee rraa ttee aa nn ee m m ee rrgg i inn gg oo uu ttbb rree aa kk sscc ee nn aa rri ioo i inn oo rrdd ee rr ttoo ttee sstt m o d e l l i n g a n d p o l i c y m a k i n g c m o d e l l i n g a n d p o l i c y m a k i n g c hh oo i iccee ss aa nn dd pp rroo vvi idd ee sscc ee nn aa rri ioo ffoo rr ttrraa i inn i inn gg ee xx ee rrcci iss ee ••

PP rri inn cci ipp aa l l qq uu ee sstti ioo nn ss :: PP rroo pp oo ss ee aa nn ee m m ee rrgg i inn gg oo uu ttbb rree aa kk sscc ee nn aa rri ioo ssttaa rrtti inn gg i inn aa pp aa rrtti iccuu l laa rr aa rree aa oo ff tthh ee ccoo uu nn ttrryy tthh aa tt rree vvee aa l lss i ittss ee l lff ssoo m m ee ww hh ee rree ee l lssee ffi irrsstt aa nn dd gg rroo ww ss ttoo aa ccee rrttaa i inn ss i izzee bb yy aa ccee rrttaa i inn dd aa ttee bb ee cc aa uu ss ee oo ff sspp ee cci iffi icc rree ss oo uu rrccee ccoo nn ss ttrraa i inn ttss aa nn dd l li im m i ittaa tti ioo nn ss i inn tthh ee dd ee l li ivvee rryy oo ff tthh ee rree qq uu i irree dd rree sspp oo nn ss ee

••

PP rri inn cci ipp aa l l oo uu ttpp uu ttss:: SS i im m uu l laa ttee dd ee m m ee rrgg i inn gg oo uu ttbb rree aa kk

•• ••

KK ee yy rriiss kk ss ,, iiss ss uu ee ss aa nn dd lliim m iittaa ttiioo nn ss a h i g h l y p a r a m e t e r i s e d s i m u la t i o n

MM ooddeel l i iss a h i g h l y p a r a m e t e r i s e d s i m u la t i o n DD ooeess nnoot t ccuurrrreennt tl yl y ‘ l‘ leeaarrnn’ ’ f frroomm t thhee eemm eerrggi n i ngg oouut tbbrreeaakk

CC oonnss –– NN eeeeddss t too bbee ppaarraamm eet teerri isseedd –– ccaann ddrraaww oonn lilit teerraat tuurree, , eexxppeerri ieennccee aanndd oot thheerr mm ooddeelsls f foorr t thhi si s –– RR eeqquui irreess sseennssi ti ti vi vi ti tyy aannaal yl yssi iss t too eexxpplo lorree aassssuumm ppt ti o i onnss PP rrooss –– I Iss nnoot t i n i n ddaannggeerr oof f bbeein ingg ccoonnf fuusseedd bbyy ooddddi it ti e i ess –– AA l ll o l oww ss sst trruucct tuurreedd aal lt teerrnnaat ti vi veess t too bbee ccoonnssi d i deerreedd –– CC oonnssi iddeerrss mm aannyy aassppeecct t oof f ddisiseeaassee t trraannssmm i issssi o i onn aanndd t taasskk/ /rreessoouurrccee rreessppoonnsseess i inn ssi g i gnni if fi ci caannt tl yl y mm oorree ddeet taai li l ((i i. .ee. . i ti t mm ooddeel lss mm aannyy oof f t thhee aacct tuuaal l pprroocceesssseess ggooi n i ngg oonn)) ••

W W oorrkki n i nggss aanndd oouut tppuut tss aarree mm uucchh mm oorree eeaassi li lyy eexxppl a l ai inneedd

KK ee yy ss ttrree nn gg tthh ss oo ff EE xx oo dd iiss ™ ™ DD eevveel loo ppeedd ssppeecci if fi iccaal ll lyy f foorr DD eef frraa’ ’ss nneeeeddss aass pp aarrt t oo f f DD eef frraa’ ’ss ddi isseeaassee m m oodd eel ll li inngg sst trraat teegg yy oovveerr t thh ee l laasst t 55 yyeeaarrss •• MM ooddeel l hhaass bbeeeenn ssuubbj jeecct t t too hhi igghhl yl y vvisisi ibbl e l e ppeeeerr rreevvi ieeww pprroocceessss aanndd ccoomm mm eennt t f frroomm aa ww i d i dee rraannggee oof f sst taakkeehhoold ldeerrss •• MM ooddeel ll il n i ngg aassssuumm ppt ti ioonnss aanndd aapppprrooaacchheess hhaavvee bbeeeenn mm aaddee vveerryy ccl leeaarr aanndd t trraannssppaarreennt t •• W i d e r a W i d e r annggee oof f ppeeooppl lee ww hhoo hhaavvee bbeeeenn t trraai inneedd i inn i ti tss uussee •• MM oodduul a l arr aapppprrooaacchh aallllooww ss ddi fi ff feerreennt t DD eef frraa eexxppeerrt tss t too pprroovvi d i dee ssppeeccififi ci c i innppuut t t too ppaarraamm eet teerri si saat tio ionn aanndd oobbsseerrvvee f fooccuusseedd oouut tppuut tss t too i innf foorrmm ppooliliccyy mm aakki inngg PP rroovvi iddeess DD eef frraa ww i it thh aann ssppeecci if fi icc i inn- -hhoouu ssee m m oo ddeel ll li inn gg ccaappaabbi il li it tyy •• SS uuppppoorrt t ppool il ci cyy mm aakki n i ngg •• AA ssssi si st t ccoonnt tin inuueedd t trraai inni n i ngg aanndd oouut tbbrreeaakk pprreeppaarreeddnneessss •• CC oonnf fi irrmm oorr ddeef feenndd aaggaai innsst t aaltlteerrnnaat tivivee eexxt teerrnnaal ll lyy pprroovvi d i deedd rreeccoomm mm eennddaat ti o i onnss •• EE aassyy t too eexxppaanndd t too oot thheerr ddi si seeaasseess •• I Imm mm eeddi a t e l i n k t o e c o n o i a t e l i n k t o e c o n omm i ci c ccoonnsseeqquueenncceess mm ooddeel l

36

EE xx oo dd iiss iinn ttee gg rraa ttee ss rree ss oo uu rrcc ee w w iitthh ee pp ii m m oo dd ee lllliinn gg

TT yy pp iicc aa ll EE xx oo dd iiss oo uu ttpp uu ttss

•• OO nn ee oo ff tthh ee sscc ee nn aa rriioo oo uu ttpp uu ttss ffrroo m m FF M M DD 22 00 00 77

EE cc oo nn oo m m iicc aa ss ss ee ss ss m m ee nn tt//aa nn aa llyy ss iiss

FF aa rrm m ttyy pp ee iiss vveerryy uu sseeffuu ll dd aattaa ffoo rr pp llaa nn nn iinn gg •• ••

••

CC oo ssttss aa nn dd bb ee nn ee ffi ittss oo ff aa cctti ioo nn ss AA dd dd i inn gg m m oo nn ee yy vvaa l luu ee ss ttoo pp hh yy ssi iccaa l l qq uu aa nn tti itti iee ss –– ££ //aa nn i im m aa l l ssl laa uu gg hh ttee rree dd ,, ££ //hh oo uu rr vvee tt tti im m ee QQ uu aa nn tti itti iee ss m m aa yy ccoo m m ee ffrroo m m ee pp i idd ee m m i ioo l loo gg i iccaa l l m m oo dd ee l lss ,, ee xxpp ee rrtt oo pp i inn i ioo nn oo rr ““ss ccee nn aa rri ioo ss””

U s e o f M o d e ls U s e o f M o d e ls in P la n n in g & in P la n n in g & D e li v e r y D e li v e r y

EE xx aa m m pp llee cc oo ss tt cc aa ttee gg oo rriiee ss •• DD ee m m oo nn ss ttrraa ttee ss tthh aa tt tthh ee rree ww oo uu lldd nn oo tt bb ee ee nn oo uu gg hh lloo cc aa ll vv ee ttee rriinn aa rryy rree ssoo uu rrcc ee •• HH oo ww ee vv ee rr,, iitt iiss aa vv aa iillaa bb llee nn aa ttiioo nn aa llllyy

U s e o f M o d e ls U s e o f M o d e ls in P la n n in g & in P la n n in g & D e li v e r y D e li v e r y

37

EE xx pp ee cc ttee dd rr ee ss pp oo nn ss ee ttiim m ee

CC uu rrrr ee nn tt m m oo dd ee ll cc oo vv ee rraa gg ee OO t thheer r ddisiseeaasseess i inn aaddddi it ti ioonn t too FFMM DD ccoouul ldd eeaassi ilyly bbee mm ooddeel ll e l edd ssi imm ppl lyy bbyy aaddju jusst teedd ppaar raamm eet teer risisaat ti o i onn ifif t thheeyy ppr ri n i ncci p i paal ll yl y i innvvool lvvee: : •• ••

••

I Innt teer rnnaal l f faar rmm ddyynnaamm i iccss FFaar rmm t too f faar rmm t tr raannssmm i si sssi ioonn vvi a ia –– LLooccaal l t tr raannssf feer r –– MM oovveemm eennt t –– AA i ri r ppl luumm eess EE . .gg. . CC la lassssi ci caal l SS ww i innee FF eevveer r

EE xxooddi si s- -FFMM DD ™ ™ ww aass aaddaappt teedd aat t vveer ryy sshhoor rt t nnoot ti iccee t too mm ooddeel l t thhee ppoossssi b i bi il il it tyy oof f ggr roouunndd ccoonnt taamm i n i naat ti o i onn dduur ri n i ngg FFMM DD 22000077 AA l lt teerrnn aat ti ivveel lyy, , nneeww ddi isseeaassee m m oodduu l leess ccoouul ldd bbee aadd ddeedd

••

I Inn i it ti iaa l l m m oo dd ee l ll li inn gg ccoo uu l ldd bb ee uu nn dd ee rrt taa kkee nn i im mm m ee dd i iaa t tee l lyy ((<< 22 dd aa yyss)) uu ss i inn gg ee xxi isst ti inn gg dd aa t taa ssee t tss

••

CC ee nn ssuu ss aa nn dd m m oo vvee m m ee nn t t dd aa t taa ccaa nn bb ee pp rree --pp rree pp aa rree dd EE xxi iss t ti inn gg FF M M DD vvi irruu ss cchh aa rraa cct tee rri isst ti icc ss ccaa nn bb ee aa ssss uu m m ee dd EE m m ee rrgg i inn gg oo uu t tbb rree aa kk dd aa t taa aa ss pp rroo vvi idd ee dd SS i igg nn i if fi iccaa nn t t i im m pp rroo vvee m m ee nn t tss t too m m oo dd ee l ll li inn gg cc aa nn bb ee i inn t trroo dd uu ccee dd aa ss t thh ee oo uu t tbb rree aa kk ee m m ee rrgg ee ss ((~~ 77 dd aa yyss )) SS pp ee cci if fi icc vvi irruu ss cchh aa rraa cct tee rri isst ti iccss SS pp ee cci if fi icc oo uu t tbb rree aa kk dd yynn aa m m i iccss i inn f fee cc t tee dd , , t trraa cc ee dd aa nn dd cc uu l ll lee dd f faa rrm m ss

•• •• ••

•• •• ••

RR ee qq uu iirr ee m m ee nn ttss ffoo rr uu ss iinn gg EE xx oo dd iiss ttoo ss iim m uu llaa ttee oo uu ttss iidd ee G G rr ee aa tt BB rriittaa iinn 11 ..

22 ..

33 ..

44 ..

55 ..

66 ..

77 ..

88 ..

M M aa pp dd i isspp l laa yy aa nn dd gg ee oo rree ffee rree nn ccee ss:: RR ee gg i ioo nn ss LL i ivv ee ssttoo cckk pp oo pp uu l laa tti ioo nn rree qq uu i irree m m ee nn ttss LL i ivv ee ssttoo cckk m m oo vvee m m ee nn tt dd aa ttaa rree qq uu i irree dd ..

IInn dd uu ssttrryy pp rraa cctti icc ee ss EE pp i idd ee m m i ioo l loo gg i iccaa l l i inn ffoo rrm m aa tti ioo nn CC oo nn ttrroo l l ss ttrraa ttee gg yy aa nn dd ccoo nn tti inn gg ee nn ccyy pp l laa nn KK nn oo ww l lee dd gg ee oo ff rree ss oo uu rrccee ss aa vvaa i il laa bb l lee

38

Appendix 6

FMD Lab proficiency Test Service FAO Phase XXII (2009) and Proposal for Phase XXIII (2010) Keith Sumption, Secretary of the European Commission for Food & Mouth Desease (EuFMD)

Proficiency Test Service FMD Lab proficiency test service –FAO Phase XXII (2009) and proposal for Phase XXIII (2010)

• 2010 will be Phase 23 - initiated by EuFMD/FAO in the 1970s, first for EuFMD but now wider participation • now yearly • for EU countries (27) now supported through CRL contract • EuFMD/FAO contract (2008-2010) with WRL (additional 13 labs) • in 2009, some non-European labs (not covered by FAO/EuFMD) paid WRL to participate • feedback: – highly appreciated service, high impact that improves credibility of test services – backbone of the global FMD lab QA • EQA of the international ref labs (OIE/FAO)

International Ref lab participation: FAO fund part of contract, as support to the OIE/FAO FMD ref lab network Summary Int Ref labs

Invited BVI India

Partic

Result

No No

South Afr

Yes

yes

Russia

Yes

yes

Argent

No

Thail

Yes

yes

USA

Yes

yes

4 of 7

Global participation: labs from only 4 of the 7 regions (virus pools) participated

Proposal for Phase XXIII (2010) • in response to request from WRL at 78th Executive for additional support for administration of the PTS • grant an additional 75,000 US$ to the WRL

Virus Pool

Invited 1 East A

Partic

Results

Thail

yes

yes

2 South A

India

no

3 West Eurasia

Turkey (+6) yes (4) yes (4)

4 West Afr

None

5 East Afr

None

6 Southern Africa OVI , BVI

yes (OVI) yes (OVI)

7 South Am

yes

Brazil

no

– provide PTS to 62 European/neighborhood countries, of which: – 50 covered by FAO/EuFMD contracts to WRL – via SAP Institute (WELNET proposal to 79th Session), extend PTS to 12 west Eurasia countries

• address gaps in regional ref lab coverage (East Africa, India in 2010) • review PTS scheme and international funding in mid 2010 • contract terms for 2011-13 to be proposed/agreed by 80th Executive (Sept 2010)

39

Appendix 7

WL Report on the FMD risk situation and Priority Antigens for EU/National Banks Jef M. Hammond, World Reference Lab

Talk Overview •

Introduction

•

FMD situation update

•

Vaccine issues

•

Other Activities/Achievements

Institute for Animal Health

Emergency Response

Principal Activities of WRLFMD • Referral diagnosis and reference laboratory coordination

UK Outbreak: • Primary (index) diagnosis and all subsequent diagnosis (24/7) • Virus characterisation and tracing origins • Outbreak serology and supply of reagents • Large animal experimentation – host range, choice of vaccines, Q/A of vaccines • Expert advice to Defra and EU

• Recognition of threats and vaccine selection • Test improvement, validation, quality assurance, reagent supply and training

Disease threat: • Surveillance • Diagnosis, characterisation and testing

• Consultancy and research priorities Institute for Animal Health

Institute for Animal Health

WRLFMD:January- December 2009 Our busiest year!

1037 samples

Samples

1200 1000

*

800

* - N.B. Figures don’t include samples submitted to UK NRL as part of national FMD outbreaks

*

600 400 200 0 1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2004

2006

2008

Year

From: 36 countries The WRLFMD website contains quarterly and annual reference laboratory reports http://www.wrlfmd.org/ref_labs/fmd_ref_lab_reports.htm

C o un trie s

50 40 30 20 10 0 1996

1998

2000

2002 Year

Institute for Animal Health

Institute for Animal Health

40

2009

WRLFMD: 2009 ~1000 samples from 36 countries BOTSWANA EGYPT ETHIOPIA KENYA MALAWI MOZAMBIQUE BAHRAIN IRAN IRAQ ISRAEL KUWAIT LEBANON LIBYA PALESTINE A.T. SAUDI ARABIA UAE YEMEN

• ~1000 samples - 300% increase on 2008

SENEGAL SOMALIA SOUTH AFRICA SUDAN SWAZILAND UGANDA ZAMBIA

• ~500 positive (523 in period 2006-2008)

AFRICA 13 ASIA 10

MIDDLE EAST 11

• ~483 VP1 sequences (330 in 2008)

BHUTAN BANGLADESH CAMBODIA HONG KONG MYANMAR NEPAL PAKISTAN SRI LANKA TAIWAN THAILAND

EUROPE 2

• Predominantly O and A serotype A-Iran-05 lineage O-PanAsia 2

30% 44%

TURKEY ITALY (SVD)

WRLFMD Institute for Animal Health

WRLFMD Institute for Animal Health

FMD Reports in 2009 Southern/Southeast Asia • • • • • • • •

Cambodia China ChineseTaipei Hong Kong Thailand Myanmar Nepal Vietnam

FMD Reports in 2009

Africa

O&A Asia 1 & A O O O O O O&A

• • • • • • •

Middle and Near East

Angola Botswana Egypt Ethiopia Kenya Sudan Zambia

SAT2 SAT2 O&A O&A O, A, SAT1 & SAT2 O SAT1 & SAT2

• • • • • • • • • • •

South America

Central Asia • Pakistan

• Ecuador • Colombia

O, A & Asia1

?

O

WRLFMD Institute for Animal Health

SAT1 5%

SAT2 5%

SAT3 1%

28

55%

O A C Asia 1 SAT 1 SAT 2 SAT 3

= 250 = 176 =0 =7 = 27 = 20 =3

1%

3 SAT2

SAT3

6% 4% 1%

52% 36%

27

A SAT1

Asia 1 1%

o

A 33%

WRLFMD Institute for Animal Health

A-Iran-05 lineage O PanAsia II

VP1 SEQUENCES 2009

291

O

A & Asia1 A A O&A A A A O&A O&A O O

WRLFMD Institute for Animal Health

Positive Samples Received to WRLFMD 2009 179

Bahrain Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Lebanon Libya Palestine AT Turkey UAE Yemen

O A ASIA 1 SAT 1 SAT 2 SAT 3

7

Asia 1

WRLFMD Institute for Animal Health

41

Conjectured status for FMD (2009)

FMD Outbreaks in 2009

36 countries ~1000 samples >500 positive

Bahrain A & Asia1

Lebanon A

Libya A

United Arab Emirates O

Iran O& A

Turkey O& A

Kuwait A

Israel O& A Iraq A

Sudan O China Asia 1 & A

Senegal No type

Chinese Taipei O Egypt O& A

Angola SAT2 FMD -Fre e

En de mic

F re e with va ccinatio n

Fr ee . Vir us p re sent i n g ame park s

Inte rme di at e, spo ra di c

C ountrie s with mu lt ipl e s zon e s: F MD-fr ee, fr ee wit h vaccinat ion or not f re e

WRLFMD Institute for Animal Health

Pakistan O, A and Asia 1

Vietnam A and Asia 1

Botswana SAT2

Myanmar O Thailand O

Ethiopia O &A

Honk Kong O

Kenya O, A, SAT 1 & SAT 2

Zambia SAT 1 & SAT 2 FMD -Free

Endemic

Freewith vaccination

Free. Virus present in game parks

Intermediate,sporadic

Countries with multiples zones: FMD-free, free with vaccination or not free

WRLFMD

A/MA Y/9/2009

Other recent FMD outbreaks in 2009-2010 • Peoples Republic of China had Type A outbreaks through 2009 • And Type ? in 2010 in pigs (awaiting permissions)

A /MA Y/9/2009 A/VN /09 /20 09 * (GQ 40 624 7) A/VN /11 /20 09* (GQ 40 625 0) A/VN /02 2 / 009 * (G Q4 0624 8) A/VN /03 2 / 009 * (G Q4 0624 9) AT / AI/15 /20 08 A/TAI/16/20 08 A/TAI/19/20 08 A/H u BW H/C H A/2009 A/TAI/17/20 08 A/TAI/18 /20 0 8 A/M AY/2/2 0 09 A/VN /20/2009 * (G Q 4062 52 ) A/VN /16/20 0 9 * (G Q 406 2 51) A/TAI/1 0/200 8 A/TAI/4 2 / 008 A/TA /I9 /2008 A/TA /I 1 3/2 008 A/TAI/11/2 008 10 0 A/TA /I8 /2008 A/TAI/14/2 008 A/Poc h un /KOR /2010 * (N VR QS ) 71 A/M AY/1/2 008 1 00 A/M AY/3/200 8 AM / AY /3/200 7 86 A/TAI/1 1/20 07 100 A/TAI/8/2006 A/TAI/11 /20 0 6 A/T AI/2 /20 06 84 A/TAI/3/2006 A/TA I/1 0/200 6 A/TA I/4 /20 06 A/TAI/7/2 006 A/TAI/6/20 06 78 A/TAI/9/20 06 A/VIT/14 2 / 005 10 0 A/VIT/1 8 /20 05 A/TAI/11 /20 0 5 1 00 A/TAI/1/20 06 A /VIT/5/2 004 97 A/V T I /9/200 4 A/VIT/11/200 4 A/TAI/8 2 / 00 3 88 A/M AY/1 2 / 0 03 A/M AY/3/200 3 A/TAI/4/2 003 A/TAI/1 0/2 0 03 A/T AI/7/2003 AT / AI/11 /20 03 9 6 A/TAI/6 2 / 0 04 A/TAI/12 /2 00 3 A/VIT/12 2 / 004 A /MAY /4/2003 A/LAO /36/20 03 (EU 6 6 7 455) A/LAO /1/2 00 6 (20 03 )(EU 66 745 6) 71 A/VIT 4 / /2 004 96 A/VIT/6/200 4 A/VIT/10/2 004 98 A/TAI/3 /2 005 A/TAI/9 /2 00 4 A/VIT/13 /2005 A/VIT/8 2 / 005 99 86 A/VIT/10/2 005 A/M AY/1/2007 A/T AI/3 /20 07 89 A/C AM /1/2006 77 A/C AM /2/20 06 10 0 A/C AM /2/20 08 99 A/C AM 4/08* (TR R L) 93 A/LAO /6/2 0 06 (E U66 74 57) A/L AO/7 /2006 (E U 6 6745 8 ) A /LAO /8 /20 06 ( EU 667 4 5 9) A/MAY/2 /20 02 (EU 414 53 3) A/TAI/2/97 ( EF20 8 778) A/TAI/4 2 / 00 5 A/TAI/7 2 / 005 100 A/M AY/5/20 05 A/TA /I 2 2 / 0 05 A/TAI/118/87 * (E F208 7 7 7) A/IN D /7/8 2 (198 0 ) A/IN D/17 /77* ( AF204 1 0 8) A 22/IRQ /24 6 / 4 (AJ 251 474 ) A/IR N 8 / 7 10 0 A/S AU/4 1/91 (FJ 75 50 85) A/IR N 2 / 2/99 (E F2087 72 ) A/IRN /1/96 ( EF2 087 71) A/SAU /23/86 (EU 4 14 536) A/AP R /51/05* (EF 120 400 ) 99 100 A/AP S/5 0 /05/1* ( IND )( EU 10 97 91) A/A PS/4 5/05* ( IND )( EU 10 97 92) A/AP S/58 0 / 5* ( N I D )(E U 10979 0 ) 100 A/AP S/66/0 5* (IN D )(E U 1097 88 ) 95 93 A/A PS/5 9 /05 * (IND )( EU 1097 89 ) A/AP S/4 4/05* ( EF12 040 2) A/AP S/68/05 * (E F1204 03 ) 1 00 A/IN D /53/08* (FJ 617 2 41) A /IND /15 2 0 / 6 * (F J 6 17247 ) 99 A I/N D /163/0 8* (F J6 172 42) A/IN D /24 3/0 4* (FJ 617 245 ) 96 A/IND /360 /07* ( FJ 61 7243 ) A/IN D /124/08 * (FJ 6 1 7 244) 100 A I/ N D /128/08 * (F J6 17 246) 99 A15/B angk ok /TA /I6 0 (AY59 375 5)

Report on FMDV A in the Republic of Korea in 2010

A/V N/03/2009* (GQ406249) A/T AI/15/2008 A/TAI/16/2008 A /TAI/19/2008 A/HuBWH/CHA/2009 A /TAI/17/2008 A /TAI/18/2008

VP1 sequence received from National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Gyeonggi 430-824, Republic of Korea, 08 January 2010.

• FMD reported on 7th January 2010 in South Korea in cattle – -ve by LFD – But it was for NSP – +ve by SP LFD

• Second outbreak reported 14th January 2010 in cattle • Now 6 outbreaks and continuing?

• Type A- Asia topotype closely related to Chinese and SEA isolates from Vietnam and Thailand

99

75

100

100

A/MAY/2/2009 A /VN/20/2009* (GQ406252) A/VN/16/2009* (GQ406251) A/TA I/10/2008 A/TA I/4/2008 A/T AI/9/2008 A/TAI/13/2008 A/TAI/11/2008

100

A/T AI/8/2008 A/TAI/14/2008 ASI A

A/Pochun/KOR/2010* (NVRQS) A/MAY/1/2008

71

A/MAY/3/2008

100

A/MAY/3/2007 86

A/TAI/11/2007

100

A/T AI/8/2006 A/T AI/11/2006 A/T AI/2/2006

84

A/TAI /3/2006 A/T AI/10/2006 A/TAI/4/2006 A /TAI/7/2006 A/T AI/6/2006

78

A/TA I/9/2006 A/VIT/14/2005 A/VIT/18/2005

100

A/T AI/11/2005

10 0

A /TAI/1/2006 A/VIT/ 5/2004 97

A /VIT /9/2004 A /VIT /11/2004

AF R IC A EU R O -SA

A/TAI/8/2003 88

0.02

Institute for Animal Health

A/VN/09/2009* (GQ406247) A/ VN/11/2009* (GQ406250) A/V N/02/2009* (GQ406248)

Institute for Animal Health

A/MAY/1/2003 A/MAY /3/2003 A/T AI/4/2003 A/TAI/10/2003

Vaccine Recommendations (National & European antigen banks)

Report on FMDV in the PDR China in 2010 ?

HIGH PRIORITY

MEDIUM PRIORITY

LOW PRIORITY

ExCom79

O Manisa O BFS or Campos A-Iran-05* A24 Cruzeiro A22 Iraq Asia 1 Shamir SAT 2 Saudi Arabia (or equivalent) A Argentina 01 A Iran 96 A Iran 99 A Eritrea A Iran 87 or A Saudi Arabia 23/86 (or equivalent) A Malaysia 97 (or Thai equivalent such as A/NPT/TAI/86) O Taiwan 97 (pig-adapted strain or Philippine equivalent) SAT 1 South Africa SAT 2 Zimbabwe A15 Bangkok related strain A Kenya A87 Argentina related strain SAT 1 Kenya SAT 2 Kenya SAT 3 Zimbabwe C Noville

Institute for Animal Health

Within category: not in order of importance

42

Vaccine Recommendations for 2010 A-IRAN-05 and O PanAsia II still present a significant threat for further spread.

Matching tests revealed gaps in cover with Serotype A with A-Iran-05 isolates having a poor match with the A22 Iraq vaccine strain.

New vaccines released in 2009 by both Intervet and Merial specifically for A-Iran-05 are expected to provide much better protection, although no independent efficacy testing has yet been carried out on these vaccines.

Antigenic variability of serotype O viruses is less than the A serotype and O1 Manisa has been recommended for many years as a suitable vaccine for viruses of the ME-SA topotype.

Vaccine Recommendations for 2010

Asia 1 Shamir has given a good antigenic match to most strains within the Asia 1 serotype, although one isolate from Pakistan in 2009 gave a very low r value by both VNT and ELISA. Again the situation is being carefully monitored.

There is a need for vigilance with the SAT1 and SAT2 serotypes due to possible incursions from various trade routes but there is an issue over which vaccine strains to include as they are limited and there is little information on relevance to current field strains.

However, some very recent O isolates have shown poor r values by VNT but consistently higher ELISA r values. This situation is being closely monitored.

Institute for Animal Health

ExCom79

Vaccine Recommendations for 2010 Pool

Name

Rank Serotype

Genetic typing 2009 Countries Event affected in type Topotype Genotype 2009 & 2010

Commercial Vaccines Available for Europe Intervet

Merial

Matched vaccines from other suppliers

Vaccine Recommendations for 2010 Pool

Name

Rank Serotype

•Improve process for vaccine recommendations 3

3

West Eurasia

•Produce a table with comments •Summary document of FMD activity •Provide a clearer understanding of risk

1

East Asia

•A systems approach

Other Activities/Achievements

Genetic typing 2009 Countries Event affected in type Topotype Genotype 2009 & 2010 Bahrain Iran Iraq Isr ael Kuwait Libya Palestinian AT Turkey

A

ASIA

Iran-05

O

ME-SA

PanAsia-2

O

ME-SA

Ind-2001

Asia 1

-

-

Bahrain

1

•Increase information made generally available

1

ExCom79

Institute for Animal Health

Iran Saudi Arabia Turkey Iran UA E

Commercial Vaccines Available for Europe

Matched vaccines from other suppliers

Intervet

Merial

Major

A/Turkey/4/2006

A-Iran-05

A/Tur/06

Major

O1/Manisa

O1/Manisa

O Ind R2/75

Minor

O1/Manisa

O1/Manisa

?

Minor

Asia-1 Shamir

Asia-1 Shamir

Asia-1 Shamir

O

CATHAY

-

Hong Kong SAR Taiwan P OC

Minor

-

O Philippines 98

?

O

SEA

Mya-98

Malaysia Myanm ar Thai land

Major?

O1/Manisa

O1/Manisa

O Ind R2/75

O

ME-SA

PanAsia

Malaysia

Minor

O1/Manisa

O1/Manisa

O Ind R2/75

Major

A/Malaysia/97

A/Malaysia/97

A/May/97

?

Asia-1 Shamir

Asia-1 Shamir

?

2

A

ASIA

Thai-03

Laos Malaysia P.R. China South Korea (2010) Thai land Vietnam

Asia 1

?

?

P.R. China

PTS 2009 - Phase XXII Aims

• UKAS ISO 17025 in December

•To complete a proficiency testing study for virological • Interlaboratory proficiency tests for virus detection and serology

and serological diagnosis for FMD and SVD in 2009.

• Training: FMD course April 2010 • Global FMD Research Alliance (GFRA) -

Meeting at Pirbright January 2010

• Continued development of LFD penside test with Svanova and IZS-Brescia and with Smiths detection on rapid field based PCR-

•To assist National FMD Laboratories in EU member states and other regions in improving and maintaining accurate and reproducible FMD and SVD diagnostic tests for virology and serology

BioSeeq • Update quarterly report format

ExCom79

43

PTS 2009 - Phase XXII

Phase XXII – Participants Participants

Invitees EU 38.0%

EU 57.8%

Non-EU 62.0%

Non-EU 42.2%

Phase XXII (country/lab)

EU

Non-EU

Total

No if invitees No of responses Participants

26/27 25/26 25/26

42/44 18/19 18/19

68/71 43/45 43/45

• 71 countries invited • 43 labs took part: 25 were from EU member countries; • 18 from Non-EU countries.

•Tests not specified, labs asked to select tests and interpret results based upon: • Virus detection – as if samples were from suspect outbreaks.

• Serology - as if serum samples were from suspect FMDV infection cases with and without vaccination

• Participants asked for test results and overall interpretation • Information on national surveillance for FMD and/or

SVD and QA

accreditation status

• Results

presented at the joint meeting of FMD/SVD NRL’s in Brussels in

January 2010 Institute for Animal Health

ExCom79

ExCom79

Other Activities/Achievements • OIE/FAO FMD Ref Labs Network - Interlaboratory vaccine matching ring trial - Meeting in Delhi in November 2009 - Twinning with African countries now being discussed • Activity in Nigeria- Antonello Di Nardo & National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) • And Kenya • both countries to send staff to Pirbright for training

Current and Future Issues • Increase knowledge of circulating viruses in Africa - Lack of information on effective vaccine strains in Africa

• Improve interactions and information sharing with other reference laboratories - Network meetings and 2-way training visits

• Information from China

• Recent Fellow from Mali -6 months • Also 6 month placement of Chinese scientist from Lanzhou for sequencing of Chinese isolates?

Institute for Animal Health

Replacement of Main Laboratory- interim SAPO4 laboratory

• Samples from India • IATA and transport of samples

Institute for Animal Health

New Main Laboratory Building

The closure (2007) of the Main laboratory for SAPO4 work has required an interim solution to allow 60 scientists to continue their grant work – in April 2009 work began and is expected to be completed by April 2010- cost £10M, £5M contribution from DEFRA

£100M+ project signed off in July Construction to start March 2010 Institute for Animal Health

Institute for Animal Health

44

Institute for Animal Health Development Programme (IAH-DP)

WRLFMD Summary • WRLFMD provides antigenic characterisation and epidemiological monitoring of circulating virus strains •

Need for improved submissions from some regions

• WRLFMD Provides a global ‘real time virus map’ for the implementation of better informed control measures for FMD • FMD activity increased in 2009 in Middle East •

Spread of A-Iran05 lineage

• Vaccine recommendations have been modified

Institute for Animal Health

Institute for Animal Health

45

Appendix 8

Progress of the Global FMD initiative Peter de Leeuw, Senior Veterinary Advisor, FAO (AGAH Department)

46

47

48

49

Appendix 9

OIE/FAO Global Conference on Foot and Mouth Disease “The way towards global control” Lea Knopf, Scientific and Technical Department of the OIE

Final Recommendations and Follow-up Over 500 participants, including OIE national Delegates, stakeholders, representatives of FAO and other partner international organisations, key global donors, non-governmental and farmers’ organisations participated in the OIE/FAO Global Conference on Foot and Mouth Disease which took place in Asunción, Paraguay on 24-26 June 2009.

The Conference was organised with the generous contribution of the Servicio Nacional de Calidad y Salud Animal (SENACSA) of Paraguay, the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento of Brazil, the European Commission, Spain and many other sponsors.

THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE CONFERENCE REITERATE THEIR STRONG SUPPORT FOR A GLOBALLY COORDINATED APPROACH TO CONTROL FMD AND RECOMMEND THAT: 1. The OIE and FAO together with governments, producers and other international, regional and national role players and stakeholders must confirm and communicate the economic and social justification for recognizing officially the global control and eventual eradication of FMD as a global public good for the benefit of all populations and future generations.

Ongoing 2. A strategy for the global control of FMD should be regarded as an international priority and should be developed as a matter of urgency jointly by the OIE and FAO preferably under the GF-TADs platform, in consultation with the relevant international, regional and national stakeholders and donor community.

Global Control through Regional Roadmaps - Strategy developed by FAO -needs endorsement by GFTADS Global?

3. The OIE, FAO and other international and regional organizations concerned with FMD control realize a very high level of political communication to convince the high level policy makers in infected countries to consider FMD control as a priority using the threat of FMD transmission to neighbouring countries and regions as the thrust of their arguments.

Communication needs to be stepped up 4. The FAO supported by the OIE and relevant international organisations conduct analytical work on the significant impacts of FMD on wealth creation, food security and gender issues, that would create a clear incentive for the governments and then the international community to increase investments in this sector and to do so in a more strategic manner.

Gap remains – some socio-economic studies planned in West Africa (RAHC) could be highly relevant 5. The OIE with the support of FAO pursue and further intensify its efforts to establish the application of good veterinary governance in developing and in transition countries to pave the way for sustainable publicprivate partnerships and involvement of the international donor community in support of a global strategy for the control of FMD.

50

Ongoing 6. A strategy for the global control for FMD should incorporate and acknowledge existing and ongoing national and regional mechanisms that have already achieved progress in moving towards the regional control of FMD such as those of the Hemispheric FMD Eradication Plan for bi- or tri-national border zones, the CVP/MERCOSUR, SEAFMD, European Union and the EUFMD. Agreed – fully in line with the Regional Roadmap Strategy of FAO. Global FMD Working Group needs representatives to report on progress in each ongoing initative?

7. The FAO and OIE should continue their efforts to promote long term, coordinated regional initiatives (roadmaps) for the progressive control of FMD covering each of the major virus reservoirs; Ongoing. Gaps remain –South Asia, follow-up in Africa to Roadmap Development meeting in 2009.

8. OIE standards regarding quality of vaccines must be strictly respected by all countries worldwide, and mechanisms for quality assurance observed.

Follow-up? Not achieved yet.

9. Further research on the development of effective and quality vaccines and the availability of vaccines at diminished cost for all prevailing field strains of the FMD virus for all susceptible domestic animals be encouraged and expedited with the emphasis on the availability, cost-effectiveness and safe use under challenging environmental conditions.

Very promising developments being co-ordinated by the GFRA (Global FMD Research Alliance) 10. The OIE with the support of FAO and in collaboration with the international donor community, consider the establishment of vaccine banks for FMD vaccines in strategic locations and in support of regional FMD control programs.

Feasable? follow-up? major issue is maintaining type C reserve for the globe 11. The establishment of and access to diagnostic facilities for the quick and efficient diagnosis of FMD be further enhanced through initiatives such as the OIE laboratory twinning program and the FAO laboratories network development program. Diagnostic tests must comply with standards of the OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals and their inscription into the OIE register of diagnostic tests is recommended.

Ongoing. FAO supporting the global OIE/FAO network and regional networking (West Eurasia, Eastern Africa,Souithern Africa, pipeline South Asia). Better co-ordination needed with OIE. Needs an officer in both organisations like OFFLU? 12. The OIE continue to update existing international standards for FMD and encourage the official recognition of countries and zones listed free from the disease. In the updating of international standards the OIE should encourage further research to allow the safe trade in animal products without unjustified barriers to trade while recognizing the needs of developing and in transition countries which are still progressing along the pathway towards the progressive control or eradication of FMD, while protecting free countries from virus reintroduction and maintaining efficient veterinary services and field surveillance of the disease.

Ongoing

51

13. FAO should continue to support national capacity building of developing and in transition countries to comply with OIE standards, and should develop the methods, guides, tools, training and technical support to member states for the introduction and implementation of the progressive control pathway at national level; Ongoing: PCP being used by FAO as the framework for formulation of country support programs on FMD. 14. OIE and FAO organise as a next step a pledging conference with free and infected countries, and relevant organisations and donors, to support a global control program starting with relevant regional activities. The conference noted the candidature of the People’s Republic of China to host the next conference.

To be discussed - China not willing (??)

15. In support of the global programme, the FAO and OIE organize regular global scientific meetings on FMD control, rotating around the affected regions. The conference noted the candidature of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research to host the next FMD global scientific meeting (in 2010 or 2011).

To be discussed. India remains interested to host (offer from ICAR in 2009, interest at Ministry/ Government level to host in 2011, possibly back to back with “pledging conference/high level meeting) 16. The OIE develops its capacities for disease status recognition to support adequately the increase of number of countries and zones requesting recognition following the implementation of the new global control program.

17. FAO with the political and normative support of the OIE should strengthen its capacities to technically support national and regional roadmap development for the progressive control of FMD at national and regional level, thereby contributing to the global control of this high-impact disease.

One FAO Senior Officer in place, plus network of RAHC and regional offices; at least one mulitcountry FAO project on FMD control in every region 18. The OIE and FAO should support epidemiological networks and strengthen cooperation for national, regional and global surveillance systems for FMD. Transparency and timely disease reporting to WAHIS is a key element to protect FMD free countries and zones and monitoring the progress of FMD control in endemic areas.

To be improved – how? FAO supporting epi-networks but so far limited attention to FMD. 19. National governments and regional organizations should actively encourage the support and cooperation of nature and wildlife conservation organizations when formulating national and regional control strategies for FMD control 20. National governments should in the development of disease control programs for FMD, give due consideration for the inclusion of compensation mechanisms in consultation with the private sector and the donor community.

52

Appendix 10

West EurAsia FMD Control - Roadmap 2020 1st Regional meeting to review progress Recommendations

Istanbul, Republic of Turkey 8-9th October 2009

Convened by FAO as a Joint Workshop of the regional FMD control projects supported by Italy (GTFS/INT/907/ITA) and EC (MTF/INT/003/EC)

53

Summary 1.

The 1st Regional workshop to review the progress of the West Eurasia FMD network was held in Istanbul, Turkey, organized by FAO in consultation with OIE, and hosted by the Ministry of Agriculture, Turkey.

2.

The Workshop was convened as a joint meeting under the FMD projects implemented by the EuFMD Commission (FAO) in Turkey, Trans-Caucasus, Iran and Syria, and the GTFS/INT/907/ITA project for Central Asian countries. Invitations were sent by FAO, on behalf of the two organizations, to the Chief Veterinary Officers (CVOs) and to the FAO national consultants on FMD (EuFMD or GTFS projects). In total, fifteen countries in West EurAsia were represented, with the Russian Federation represented through the OIE Reference Laboratory (FGI-ARRIAH).

3.

The Objectives of the Workshop were: a. to review progress in FMD control in West Eurasia, towards the vision of a region free of clinical FMD by 2020 - using the Vision statement and “Regional Roadmap” developed at the Shiraz meeting in November 2008; b. to share information on FMD virus circulation within the ecosystem to assist planning of preventive measures in the short-term.

Outcome and outlook 4.

The progress of FMD control since the Shiraz meeting in 2008 was reviewed and a provisional revised Roadmap to 2020 developed, for the 14 countries currently participating in the West Eurasia FMD Roadmap.

5.

Five countries were considered to have progressed to a higher PCP Stage: a. four from Stage 0 to Stage 1 (PAK, AFG, UZB, TAJ); b. one from Stage 1 to Stage 2 (Turkey).

6.

Three countries did not provide evidence to support their current PCP Stage; their demotion to a lower Stage is considered pending. Demotion will occur unless information is provided in the next two month period.

7.

The progress in the first year was considered to be good, and the Roadmap remains on track to achieve the vision of freedom from clinical cases of FMD being achieved by the year 2020.

8.

The continued realisation of the vision requires a co-ordinated set of national efforts under an overall framework of progressive risk reduction, supported by regional services and sharing of information, technical knowledge, and possible donor support, between countries within the region and which are beneficiaries of the action.

9.

Almost all countries in the region are in Stage 1 of the Progressive Control Pathway (PCP), or above, and most continue to invest heavily in FMD vaccination programmes. However, weaknesses in international control of animal movement, and gaps in preventive measures, have allowed the continued circulation of types A, O and Asia-1 in the region, with a regional epidemic of type A Iran 05 in the winter of 2008-9.

10.

The international organizations indicated their strong continued support for the Roadmap process, with the EC, and the EuFMD Commission, indicating their support for regional and national monitoring and control efforts for Turkey and the 6 bordering countries in 2009-2012, and indicators from the Government of Italy for further support to 5 Central Asian countries. The support of additional donors and financial sources will

54

be needed to move from monitoring (PCP Stage 1) to improved control at risk points (Stage 2) in the less advanced areas.

11.

A Secretariat remains necessary to provide co-ordination of the supportive services, particularly to promote the laboratory network and services, and the epidemiology and risk monitoring, and for monitoring and communication of progress.

12.

The implementation of the Roadmap should encourage and complement the efforts in China, India, and South-east Asia to address the problem of FMD in the whole of EurAsia on a long term basis; FAO/OIE were encouraged to progress establishing a Roadmap in India /South Asia (SAARC countries) to reduce the risk to west Eurasia and to complement and harmonise with efforts in the West Eurasia region.

13.

The Workshop recommended that annual meetings continue to be convened by FAO/EuFMD/OIE to monitor progress, with the 2nd Annual Progress meeting in late 2010.

Recommendations The 14 countries here represented, agree the following: Considering that: 1. A regional epidemic of FMD serotype A Iran 05 has affected many countries in the region in the past year, and has spread beyond the borders to previously untouched parts of the middle-east; 2. The use of a suitably matched antigen for the currently circulating FMDV A Iran 05 strain was reported by only 3 countries, despite the recommendations of the Shiraz meeting, creating uncertainty that programs will provide adequate protection against the current epidemic; 3. Genetically distinct lineages of FMDV serotypes O and Asia-1 circulate within parts of the region, with the potential for further emergence and spread throughout the region; 4. Some countries in the region remain at an early stage of the PCP, with limited actions to monitor and control the movement of FMD; 5. High investments in FMD control in Turkey and the I.R of Iran, and other countries in the region are at risk as a result of epidemic developments in some parts; 6. The sero-monitoring approach used in 5 Central Asian countries, as a PCP Stage 1 activity, has provided valuable information on FMD exposure in each country and provides evidence of positive reduction through vaccination; 7. Progress has been made to better map the emergence and spread of strains within the region, and to communicate between risk managers in the veterinary services, but an early warning system to allow countries to adapt their control measures is not yet in place; 8. Several countries have demonstrated their commitment to the Roadmap through undertaking PCP activities, with evidence of monitoring and control actions being applied, and that some countries can be considered to move up in Stage of FMD control; 9. That there is a need for the countries of the region to find a common voice and to assist direction of the initiative, working with the international organizations; 10. The countries of the region require effective regional services to achieve the progress in monitoring and surveillance, and assist raising the capacity of the national reference laboratories to service the national control strategies.

55

Recommendations On virus circulation, that the Veterinary Services 1. Should reconsider their vaccination plans for the coming year, taking note of the reservoir/persistence of Asia 1 in Pakistan and Afghanistan, and of serotype A Iran 05 and O Panasia II in at least 4 Roadmap countries (Pakistan, Afghanistan Turkey and Iraq); 2. Should be aware of the continual risk of movement of viral variants within the region, taking note of the sublineages of each serotype in the region.

On vaccine recommendations, that the Veterinary Service 3. Should ensure that vaccines used are appropriate for the risk from viruses circulating in the West Eurasia region; the most appropriate vaccines for current risk in the region are A Iran 05/A TUR 06 and O Manisa in routine vaccination programs, and Asia-1 Shamir (in risk zones).

On the overall Roadmap approach and PCP 4. that the Roadmap process, including an annual survey for indicators of progress, be continued; 5. That the proposals of the PCP monitoring group on the procedures for review of the country stages and actions to be taken if progress is negative, and on the development of an Advisory Committee, be implemented.

On the FMD monitoring and early warning activities 6. that continued international support for FMD monitoring is given so that all countries in the region enter and maintain the monitoring activities to at least stage 1 of the PCP; 7. That other PCP stage 1 activities take place, particularly focus on possible intervention points after identification of high risk husbandry/market chain points; 8. That consideration be given to greater use of swab sampling from high risk markets where reporting is low but where serological evidence of high FMD incidence exists yet submissions of epithelial samples are limited; 9. That satellite laboratories serving international surveillance for typing FMDV should report results using a standard WRL template, to the VS of the sending countries, FAO, OIE. A restricted access information system could be used to inform the partners in the West Eurasia lab network.

On progress along the Roadmap since 2008 10. That the international organizations, and national stakeholders take note of the progress achieved in parts of the region, with progression of several countries along the pathway, while in some countries additional information and evidence of monitoring , surveillance or control activities is still not sufficient; 11. That the 2009 Roadmap be finalized before the end of the year, after allowing another 2 months for the missing information to be provided; 12. That an information portal be established and greater effort be made to communicate the Roadmap principles and progress to national and international stakeholders.

Recommendations of the West Eurasia FMD Lab Network 13. That a dedicated website be set up, password protected and as far as possible in common with the information system needs identified by the monitoring and surveillance group; and to hold regular update meetings (quarterly teleconference with identified, IAH or EuFMD to organize), with follow-up reports; a face to face meeting at end of year (to be held at the SAP Institute);

56

14. That all labs should be invited to take part in the annual lab proficiency test scheme (of the WRL), and should be supported to attain the minimum capacities required to undertake the monitoring and surveillance actions required in the PCP; 15. That effort continues to develop FMDV serotype specific penside tests and easy to use kits for SP antibodies, and serotype specific PCRs for the FMDVs in the region.

Recommendations of the Epidemiology/Risk assessment group 16. That an agreement is made over the next year on movement from 6 month reporting to monthly or more frequent information provision, under the OIE system as a service to the Roadmap, or by another means to be identified by the Advisory Committee (AC); 17. That the AC should consider how and where to have regional support unit for monitoring and surveillance; 18. That two workshops be held at regional level, on socio-economic assessment of critical FMD control points and on monitoring and surveillance design and analysis; 19. That the major issues of information and reporting system be addressed by the Advisory Committee, with the help of a regional representative on monitoring and surveillance.

Recommendations of the Vaccination Monitoring Network 20. That the recommendations of the working group be considered by the national veterinary services, and where appropriate supported or implemented in projects by the international organizations; that the questionnaire be improved in order to better understand the quality and coverage of vaccines used in the region, including the level of importation compared to local production and intra-regional supply.

Recommendations on Governance of the West Eurasian FMD Roadmap Initiative 21. That an Advisory Committee (AC) be established to assist resolution of issues affecting progress of the Roadmap Initiative, and which will report to the annual meeting and to the relevant GfTADS Steering Committees. In the interim period, the AC will comprise 4 permanent members from FAO, OIE, EC and EuFMD, an elected president from the 14 countries of the Roadmap, and two elected technical representatives that can represent the FMD Laboratory Network and the Monitoring and Surveillance network. The ECO (and other international organizations if appropriate) will be invited to attend as Observers. The AC should meet at least once a year, back-to-back with the EuFMD Executive Committee or other relevant international meetings; 22. That the international organizations promote long term FMD control in regions that threaten West Eurasia, in particular in South Asia, and should act to ensure that risk of FMDV incursion from these regions is kept under review and threats communicated to the West Eurasia epidemiology and risk group.

57

Chart 2. FINAL assessment of country Stage position for 2009, together with the expected progression to 2020.

2008

2009

2010

2011 2012 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017 2018

2019

Comment

2020

Kazakh Kyrgyz new

FMD seromonitoring system therefore Stage 0, assumed 2, 3 and 5 years to move through to

new

progress to stage 1

Uzbek

new

progress to stage 1

AFG

new

progress to stage 1

Tajik

W est Eurasia

Turkmen

IRN PAK

new

2009: progress to stage 1. Progress to Stage 2 exp

TURK

new

progress to stage 2

Thrace (TR)

new

added zones (TR) Syria

dossier to OIE in 2010

new

Syria considered to be in Stage 1 in 2009 with reporting of seromonitoring expected in 2010,

new

2009 : re-assessed as Stage 1, expect enter Stage 2 in 2011

Iraq Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia pending

58

Appendix 11

Proposed workpackage for West Eurasia FMD lab network Abdulnaci Bulut, Expert, Head of Diagnosis Department, SAP Institute of Ankara

1- BACKGROUND West Eurasia FMD Lab Network (WELNET FMD) The Progressive Control Pathway for FMD (PCP-FMD) is a set of control program activity stages leading to FMD freedom and Regional Roadmaps (RR) describe the anticipated progress along the PCP at national and regional level over longer term. To achieve this, a initiative was started by FAO/EUFMD Commission/OIE after the several approaches in order to achieve the vision of freedom from clinical case of FMD being achieved by the year 2020.

- a recommendation of the Open Session of the EUFMD research group held in Erice, Sicily, October 2008; -7 virus pools recognised by the OIE/FAO FMD lab network differ in FMDV antigenic types/required vaccines, risk factors and control capacities, requires tailored approach.

A Workshop was first held by FAO in order to follow-up has been to develop the PCP approach in Shiraz in November 2008 and according to recommendation the workshop, the 1st Regional workshop was held in Istanbul in order to review the progress of the West Eurasia FMD network.

The West Eurasia FMD network covers the virus pool 3 countries, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. In addition to the virus pool 3 countries, Syria and Iraq were also included the network in concept of FMD control in the European neighbourhood.

In the 1st Regional Workshop, it was recommended establish a laboratory network under the West Eurasia Road Map Organization in order to promote beter communication, improvement early detection and diagnostic capacity and performance of laboratories and also implementing a system for proficiency testing.

Recommendation made in the workshop -that a dedicated website be set up, password protected and as far as possible in common with the information system needs identified by the monitoring and surveillance group; and to hold regular update meetings (quarterly teleconference with identified, IAH or EUFMD to organize), with follow-up reports; a face to face meeting at end of year (to be held at the SAP Institute); -that all labs should be invited to take part in the annual lab proficiency test scheme (of the WRL), and should be supported to attain the minimum capacities required to undertake the monitoring and surveillance action required in the PCP; -that effort continues to develop FMDV specific pen side test and easy to use kits for SP antibodies, and serotype specific PCRs for the FMDVs in the region.

59

Working group output regarding to FMD Laboratory network in the Shiraz meeting a. the harmonization of laboratory procedures to improve the confidence of veterinary services in the results obtained across the region; b. to improve early detection of emergent viruses, and communicate information to assist the preparedness of the each country for endemic treats; c. to build expertise in the each country, and the improve capacity and performance of laboratories across the region; d. to implement in network members a system for ring (proficiency)testing; e. that one laboratory will serve as a leading facility for gab analysis, training, and manage proficiency test (with OIE or FAO reference laboratories), will interface with regional Epidemiological Unit, and host a regional laboratory network website.

Objective of the Working Group meeting, Istanbul a. update and review laboratory capacity table from the first roadmap b. identify progress/problem c. determine each laboratory’s actual capability d. determine each laboratory’s requirements, with reference to PCP e. serology f. agent identification (RT-PCR, Sequencing)-identify specific gabs that need addressing g. issues discussed at pre-meeting h. work out a pathway of technology transfer and training i. identify laboratory in network that can provide these and arrange placement of key staff for training j. hold quarterly network meeting by teleconference and one face to face meeting to discuss progress k. link discussion to PCP l. develop a system to share information generate quickly and simply m. possibility of a password protected website hosted in Ankara It here will be described work plan for Year 1 (2010) , to be revised and continued annually (subject to the funding body), regarding to activities in order to meet workshop recommendations and objective of the working group.

2- WORKPACKAGE ONE Activities for West Eurasia FMD lab network (Welnet FMD) a. Setting up website: Shall be launched in the first quarter of the year. It be designed as two part, a password protected site and in common site to ensure information system as a output of the monitoring and surveillance group as well as informative networking.

60

Output : Provide a well organized information system to detect important epidemiological events and priorities of activities to be realized in the working groups in frame work of PCP approach in order to achieve reaching next new stage of PCP. b. Organization of lab proficiency test scheme: Shall be conducted annually in the third quarter of the year.

Required serological and virological panel shall be identified according to the minimum lab methods capacities required to realize the monitoring and surveillance activities identified in the stage of PCP for each member. Panels shall be prepared by WRL and service for delivering panels and organization of the study shall be provided by leadership of lab network. The analyzed results shall be evaluated in the meeting to be held on end of the year. Identity of each lab results shall be kept confidentially by using a unique code for each lab during the analysis and evaluation of the results. The each result will be followed up, if need, in order to validate the diagnosis methods.

Output: Provide harmonized, more précised and reliable test methods which service for effective control strategy in the region. c. Organization regular quarterly evaluation meeting: Shall be conducted three teleconference meeting by leading EUFMD, WRL and under the organization of the network leadership in the first three quarters of the year. All member countries including Greece and Bulgaria, concept with neighbourhood of Turkey, will be invited to teleconference. Current disease situation and outputs of epidemiological and diagnostic studies will be discussed in the each teleconference meeting. It will be finally held on a face to face evaluation meeting end of the year which will be evaluated all activities of the region and planned topics of next year.

Including EU labs, WRL, IZSLER,AFFSA, Lindholm, that associate with activities the network, Greece and Bulgaria, concept with neighbourhood of Turkey, all member countries and international institutions and organizations, EU-DG SANCO, FAO, OIE,EUFMD,EMPRES, GF-TADs which contribute to establishment of West EurAsia FMD Roadmap 2020 will be invited the meeting.

Output: It will be launched a system provides easy, simple, effective and real time sharing of information, identifying important epidemiological events and action as early as possible in order to achieve perspectives of PCP. d. Training on Laboratory Diagnostic Methods of FMDV: Shall be conducted training specifically identified subjects on FMD diagnostic methods that it will be covered needs on gaps of each laboratory. Laboratory diagnostic methods to be subjected for training will be identified by leadership of WELNET FMD conducting a gap analysis survey. Training will be design different four groups which will be identified according to outputs of the survey. It will be planned that at least 24 trainee will involve the training. Available topics for the training that are methods for typing of FMDV, serology of FMDV (LPBE,NSP and VNT), methods for virus characterization and methods for molecular epidemiology as theoretical and practice.

Output: Provide a effective capacity building on diagnostic methods in order to supply diagnostic services which need for each stage of PCP. e. Technology transfer for gap on the diagnostic methods of the PCP member laboratories: Shall be conducted a training study on multiplex PCR allowed typing of FMDV and made follow up study to launch the technique in place to each laboratory of which will be involved training study. The same study will be repeated for the other diagnostic methods, if it will be required according to the survey results and by member of the network.

Output: Provide an early and proper detection of FMDV which will be lead early identifying imported epidemiological events; and also supply opportunity of making molecular analysis.

61

f. Providing services on laboratory tests for early detection of the disease: Shall be supplied opportunity on molecular analysis (nucleotide sequencing ) test for field isolates received from endemic network countries by leadership laboratory. And also it could be possible to extent the same supplement for antigenic characterization test, if it would be made a decision as gap for the need.

Output: Provide an early and proper detection of FMDV which will be lead early identifying imported epidemiological events in order to reach a new stage of PCP. g. Workshop for Quality Assurance (QA) for laboratory test and laboratory: shall be conducted a workshop on Laboratory QA by French FMD Reference Institute, AFSA, France. The detail of workshop will be prepared and proposed by the Institute in advance of the year.

Output: Provide an excellent capacity building on good laboratory practice for each member laboratory in order to reach a new stage of PCP. Time table for activities of WELNET FMD Activities Planned expert working day Putting the initiative data and 5 days content and Updating of have been set up website Organization of lab proficiency 4 days test scheme

Organization evaluation meeting

2 days

Training on Laboratory Diagnostic 5 days/per group Methods of FMDV 4 phase (for 4 groups)x5 days=20days in total Technology transfer for gap on 7 days for one group the diagnostic methods of the member laboratories of WELNET Shall be work two experts: FMD 7x2=14days Providing services on laboratory 0 tests for early detection of the disease Workshop for QA Done by French Reference Institute, AFSA/France Reporting 5 days Total

Time of activities (Tentative) First half of the year of 2010 (Up to end of June) Panels will be deliver to labs up to September Results will be collected end of the November and evaluated the results in evaluation meeting end of the year End of the year Two days meeting Within the Last week of November or first two weeks July, August, September and November

July

Regular activities when the demand by network laboratories ?

Finishing the activities, end of the year

43 days+7 days

62

Draft budget for activities of West Eurasia FMD Lab Network ITEMs/ACTIVITIES Setting up website

Proficiency panels provided by WRL

Transportation of panels to each member laboratory

UNIT

Additional TOTAL(USD) funds needed 1.Purchasing a service for a password protected 3.250 3.250 website to be updated by leadership in total 2500USD 2. expert fee for Putting the initiative data and content and Updating of have been set up website 150USD/per dayx5=750 1.Virology (Ag detection/Cell culture and PCR) ?

?

2. Serology (LPBE, NSP ELISA and VNT(?)

?

?

One time from WRL to Şap Institute

14.000

14.000

600

600

circa 20,000

37.560

13 times from şap Institute to each lab

1000USD/per transfer Organization of -expert fee 150USD/per dayX4=600 proficiency testing by leader of WELNET FMD Organization evaluation Assume EuFMD/EC support 7 countries (2 persons meeting each) plus expert trainers from EU NRLs. Russian translation if needed from other projects inputs.

Total below includes other project inouts - participants DSA for 2 meeting days (13x2/2 participants per country+8 international organizations) In total: 34x3=102 102x130USD=13260 -flight tickets 34x500(aprox.)=17000USD -Russian simultaneous translation system: 4000USD -The other meeting cost including one social dinner:3000USD

-expert fee: 2x150=300 Training on Laboratory Russian translation if needed from other projects 37.600 Diagnostic Methods of inputs FMDV -training fee (Şap Institute price): 250USD/ one person; 20X250=5000USD

44.600

63

-DSA for participants:120x?130USD=15600 - air tickets fee:20x400=8000 - Russian interpretation 350x20=7000USD above) -the other ect:5000USD

Technology transfer for gap on the diagnostic methods of the member laboratories of WELNET FMD

cost

including

lunch

(see

printing

-expert fee: 20daysx200=4000USD Presume all participants from EuFMD supported 12.150 countries

12.150

-Training fee(Şap Institute price): 250USD/ one person; 6X250=1250USD -the other ect:2500USD

cost

including

-DSA for participants:30 participants)x130=3900

lunch

printing

days(5daysx6

- air tickets fee:6x400=2400 -expert fee: 7daysx200=1400USD+ extra second expert 7 daysx100=700USD Providing services on -150USD/per isolate (PCR extraction and nucleotide 10.000 laboratory tests for sequencing analysis: 150x10=1500USDx6 early detection of the months=9000 USD (Assuming that received 10 disease isolates approximately for sequencing per month from endemic member countries of PCP)

19.000

-transportation of isolate

Workshop for QA Reporting TOTAL

10timesx1000=10.000 Done by AFSA/France 5 daysx150=750 NB: Expert fee was calculated based on 41 +7 days (27x200=5400 for training fee for first expert)+(16x150=2400 for the others activities fee of first expert)+(7x100=700for training fee of second expert):8500USD in total)

?

750 107,350

?

750 136.910,00

64

Timetable for activities of West EurAsia FMD Lab Network, WELNET FMD (as a day for each month) March

1

2

3 4

Definitio n of activities

June

5

6

7

8

9

Organiza tion of First teleconf erence 1

2

3

4

5

12

13

14

6

7

8

9

1 1

10

1 2

13

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

16

17

18

1 5

14

19

1 7

16

15

16

17

18

Training on Multiplex PCR for typing FMDV

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

Designing of specific menu on the developed website and Putting the data by project consultancy 18

19

20

21

27

28

29

30

31

Web site will be available from that date

2 6

2 8

2 9

2 8

2 9

3 0

2 7

2 8

29

3 0

2 7

2 8

2 9

3 0

22

23

24

25

23

2 4

25

2 6

2 7

24

25

2 6

25

2 6

2 7

3 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

19

20

21

22

3 1

Training on Laboratory Diagnostic methods of FMDV; first phase of training for first group

9

10

11

12

13

14

Definitio n of activities

Sept

15

Organization of Second teleconference

Definitio n of activities

August

11

Setting up web site by professional IT company

Definitio n of activities July

10

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

3 1

Training on Laboratory Diagnostic methods of FMDV; second phase of training for second group 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

1 1

1 2

13

1 4

1 5

16

1 7

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

65

Definitio n of activities

Nov.

Delivering Proficiency test panels to each member country 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Definition of activities

Dec.

Definition of activities

Organization of third teleconferen ce 9

10

11

12

13

14

Workshop for Lab QA

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Organization of the WELNET FMD Meeting

8

9

ANNUAL WELNET FMD MEETIN G

1 0

15

16

Training on Laboratory Diagnostic methods of FMDV; third phase of training for third group 17

18

19

20

21

22

Training on Laboratory Diagnostic methods of FMDV; forth phase of training for forth group 1 1

1 2

13

14

15

16

1 7

18

19

23

24

25

2 6

2 7

2 8

29

30

2 8

2 9

3 0

3 1

Collecting the results for Proficiency Testing from each member

20

21

22

23

24

25

2 6

2 7

Writing the report

66

Appendix 12

Technical support and training on FMD control in the neighbourhood of the European Community Adel BenYoussef, EuFMD Secretariat

Abbreviated project Document 1

Executing Agency:

European Commission for the control of the foot-andmouth disease (EuFMD / Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), RAHC North Africa, RAHC Middle East.

Project Symbol:

EC/MTF/xxx/EEC

Project Title:

Training courses on FMD surveillance/control in the neighbourhood of the European Community

Total cost

210,348 USD 2921 USD/ trainee/5 days training

Contribution from the European Commission (DG-SANCO)

USD 108,258 (51.46%) 1503,5 USD/trainee

Partners and expected contribution

RAHC North Africa via REMESA: 24,426USD RAHC Middle-East: 69,456USD Iraq: funded via FAO program 8,208USD

Contents Executive summary 1. Background 2. Objectives 3. Outcome 4. Outputs and activities 5. Inputs 6. Modalities and funding 7. Budget 8. indicative work plan/timetable 9. Monitoring, evaluation and reporting

1

Appendices are present in the full project document.

67

This proposal has been prepared by the EuFMD Secretariat after discussion with RAHC Beirut Executive summary The Middle East countries are mobilising resources for many years for FMD control, mainly by vaccination, but a more significant progress is definitely possible. Technical support (training and transmission of know how) targeted and progressive would help to optimise the use of these resources and, therefore would reinforce the capacity of the authorities to progress towards the eradication of the disease.

North African countries are close to Southern Europe and are for some of them at risk of reintroduction of the FMD virus. These countries are not well prepared to face such a situation. In addition, they need to develop their own risk based program for surveillance (epidemiology and sero-surveillance), in order to confirm the relatively favourable situation and to progress to the officially free status.

The expertise that could benefit this area would have a positive impact on trade of animals and animal products within the region. Furthermore, a more favourable situation in the region is beneficial to the neighbouring free European countries.

Training activities for the designs of surveillance programs are therefore concrete and useful actions, needed by the National authorities for the progressive control of FMD, in line with the PCP requirements.

The proposed training program includes sessions on the design of surveillance programs and monitoring of the control activities, and sessions dedicated to the technical support of the lab activities of surveillance and monitoring.

The RAHCs of North Africa and Middle East will be involved and will partially fund these activities.

In collaboration with the RAHCs, the EuFMD will be in charge of the designation of the trainers and will design the training program (TOR and expected outputs).

1. Background The FMD is endemic in all the Middle East countries. By the end of 2008 and during 2009, the rise of the strain A/IRN/05 has been observed. It was detected in Bahrain, Kuwait, and then Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Libya and Palestinian territories. This situation and the persistence of the A/EGY/06 strain and type O in most of the region are a continuous threat of spreading to North Africa (where the situation is much more favourable) and European countries (officially free from the disease); The 38th session of the EuFMD recommended assisting the efforts in Middle East and North Africa: “That under the framework of GF-TADs, and following the principles of the Progressive Control Pathway (PCP) for FMD, the Secretariat work closely with the OIE/FAO Regional Animal Health Centres (RAHCs), to improve the communication of risk information relevant to vaccine selection and other preventive actions, and specifically to assist the efforts of the RAHCs in the Middle-East (Beirut) and North Africa (Tunis)”; “That the Commission should specifically promote and monitor risk reduction measures which will assist to reduce the FMD risks of transborder movements of animals and products across the Eastern boundaries of Europe, including improved efficiency of vaccination programmes, early warning and response capacity in the border regions, and measures to reduce or mitigate illegal animal movements”.

68

2. Objectives The proposed training program aims to provide technical support to the National veterinary authorities in the immediate neighbourhood of the EU (south Mediterranean) in order to improve their National strategies of FMD control.

The situation in Maghreb countries is much more stable, since the last outbreaks occurred in 1999 in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Libya seems also quite stable, despite some episodes (outbreaks in 2009 and 2003). However these countries need international expertise for early detection of outbreaks (including clinical and laboratory diagnostic) and the design of surveillance programmes in order to enable them to reach the FMD free status, with or without vaccination.

The proposed training program will also support the RAHCs activities and encourage the existing networking between national authorities (such as REMESA).

3. Outcome The training program will provide to the animal diseases/FMD experts in the neighbourhood of the EC and EuFMD member states, in an effective and simple ways, how to improve their knowledge on the disease surveillance. In particular, each country will adapt and make more efficient its current effort for the control of the disease, according to the PCP principles (based on risk analysis principles). As an outcome of the training, we can expect to see the trainees proposing the outline of an improved program of FMD surveillance in their respective countries. In addition, the trained persons will be most probably members of regional networks involving European experts and south Mediterranean ones. They will be also able to communicate their Know-how within their respective countries. By the lab training sessions, the national lab experts will improve the organisation of their lab and the quality of the test results. Furthermore, the existing networks, such as REMESA, animated through the RAHC will be reinforced.

4. Output and activities Technical support and supply of expertise in the form of targeted training are needed for countries in the region, as mentioned above, and to build one FMD Task Force in each participating country, as recommended by the 4th roundtable on FMD in the Middle East.

18 countries could be involved: the South Mediterranean countries (Morocco, Mauritania, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, and Palestinian Authority) and other Middle East Countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Bahrain, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Yemen)2.

2

Iran is not previewed at this stage but could be included if requested

69

countries members of REMESA (6) East Mediterranean and Gulf countries (12)

Two programmes of training sessions should be organised and would address in priority to the officials in charge of each item from the participating countries as follows: 1) Training in design of risk based surveillance programs The sessions are expected to assist countries to design surveillance programs which are adapted to their PCP stage (one to three). They are dedicated to national experts and or officials who will be (or are being) in charge of the elaboration of animal disease surveillance programs in their respective countries. The courses are linked to the diagnostic training, in order that each country can undertake the required tests (mostly NSP sero-surveillance) in country, as far as possible.

Other training needs include the training in development and testing (simulation exercises) of contingency plans.

2) Strengthening the laboratory diagnostic capacity The training addresses the methods used for sero-surveillance, in order to carry out the programs indicated under 1). It includes the confirmation/typing of FMDV, in order to meet the needs of decision support in outbreak management including arrangement for FMDV typing .

The use of penside FMDV confirmation and real time rt-PCR will be components; most middle-east countries now have rtRT-PCR facilities, and the technique can be used on low viral load samples and to avoid use of live virus techniques.

The technical managers for FMD analysis within the national laboratories should be the eligible candidates.

5. Inputs The inputs will be shared by the partners mentioned above. They include travel and allowance of trainees and trainers, the fees of the trainers, the transport in the field, the reagents for lab, other expendable equipment for sampling and sample transport, and the administrative support (printing and communication...).

The hosting countries will offer a logistic support and will make, when appropriate, the lab facilities available.

70

The EuFMD will be in charge of the designation of the trainers and will prepare the training program (TOR and expected outputs). The reagents needed for the lab training sessions, as well as the sampling material, if needed, will be supplied by EuFMD under this project.

countries funded/co funded by EuFMD (10) countries funded by partners (8)

6. Modalities and funding: 1/ Training in surveillance design The training will utilise the surveillance guidelines for each stage of the PCP that have been developed by the EuFMD Research group/FAO team, and assist to develop (sero-) surveillance designs for each country.

The training should also: • introduce the regional FMD vaccination database and familiarise the participants with how to provide and use the database for risk assessment; • illustrate the use of GIS in FMD management, and identify possibilities for establishing GIS into use in each country; The course should also be an opportunity for experts to share information on the impact in the region of transboundary movements of susceptible animals.

The Iranian veterinary organisation (IVO), has offered to host such training, and have valuable experience in GIS based surveillance and active surveillance for FMD. Both the Middle-East and the Gulf countries can be invited to such sessions.

One session is also to be scheduled for North African countries (6). It could be held in Tunisia as the Tunisian veterinary services have offered to host this session.

Two or 3 experts per country can attend, depending on the country size and the size of livestock.

The EuFMD will fund for the trainees from the Mediterranean and Jordan. Iraq can pay for its own trainees, under the project OSRO/IRQ/7O7/UDG. The RAHC – Beirut will provide the way for funding the trainees from the other countries. the cost will be shared as follows 2/ Training in laboratory techniques and exchange of experiences The Lebanese authorities have offered to host training at the AL-FANAR laboratory in Beirut. This laboratory is currently purchasing equipment and developing know-how in the virological and serological diagnosis of FMD. The location of the city of Beirut and the Lebanese Government's willingness to host this training are encouraging assets.

Morocco has also expressed the willingness to host the session for North African countries.

71

The training will address technical managers within the national laboratories for analysis, on the basis of two participants per country.

7.

Budget estimate The involved countries are 18, so we could expect and encourage the participation of a mean of 2 trainees from each country and for each course, i.e about 72 trainees for the whole program.

If we assume the participation of 36 trainees in each course, and 2 trainers for each session, the budget could be approximately: - Surveillance design: 3 sessions with a duration of 5 days each =$99668; - Laboratory diagnostic: 3 sessions with a duration of 5 days each =$110680.

- The administrative support of the whole training programme is included and estimated 39000$. It covers the supply of reagents, sampling material, and logistic support (transport, printing documents...).

On the basis of the current estimation, we could split the cost of travel between FAO, OIE and EuFMD as described in the table below. The sessions will be co-organised and co-funded where possible by FAO, OIE and EuFMD. The training sessions in North Africa can benefit the local assistance of the RAHC-NA. The activities will be co-funded by FAO/RAHC under the Spanish project GCP/RAB/010/SPA3 dedicated to finance some REMESA activities, since FMD has been agreed as a priority disease by the steering committee of the REMESA (18426$ each part).

For Middle-East region, EuFMD can cover expenses for the Mediterranean countries (Lebanon, Syria, and Palestinian Authority) and Jordan (32832$). RAHC/ME should cover (or guaranty) the costs for the other countries (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Yemen). The amount is about 69456$.

The participation of the trainees from Iraq will be funded through the ongoing FAO project OSRO/IRQ/7O7/UDG. The administrative expenses (39000$) and trainers costs (36000$) should be provided by EuFMD. Table.1: budget estimate and split between RAHCs and EuFMD.

Course

participants / session

DSA/5 days* nb trainees

surv.design-Iran surv.design-Iran surv.design-Tunisia Lab-Morocco Lab-Lebanon Lab-Lebanon

12(1) 12(2) 12(3) 12(1) 12(2) 12(3)

13140 13140 10740 12840 13260 13260

Ticket*nb trainees+ transfer airport 13824 13824 5000 8272 9024 9024

total

72 trainees

30 days

58968$

36000$

EuFMD

28

29390

21868

36000

trainers (1+1) 6000$ 6000$ 6000$ 6000$ 6000$ 6000$

Administrati ve (bus, reagents...)

2000$+2000 2000$+2000 2000$+2000 2000$+7000 2000$+7000 2000$+7000 12000$ (+27000$) 21000

cost/session 36964 36964 25740 36112 37284 37284 210348$ 108258

3

Strengthening systems of prevention and control of transboundary animal diseases in the Maghreb and Egypt: towards a Mediterranean Animal Health Network (REMESA)

72

RAHC-NA/REMESA RAHC-ME Iraq total US$ total € (1€=1.4$)

12 28 4

11790 30800 4400 76380$ 54560

6636 26656 3808 58968$ 42120

6000 12000 36000$ 25750

39000$ 27860

24426 69456 8208 210348$ 150250

–budget breakdown

Trainers Nat. Consultants Contracts Travel (trainees) Travel allowances (trainees) Travel & allowances (trainers) Exp Equipment Non-expendable equipment General Operating expenses General total

8.

9.

Detail (2010-11) 15 days per year, @400pd 15 days per year, @200pd Contract for services -lab and field 72 persons (average 800$) 72 trainees 6 trainers +6 National Diagnostic test kits, biosecurity printing, communication

indicative work plan/timetable roundtables/meetings)

(should

be

compatible

session

surv.design- Labsurv.design- surv.design- Tunisia Morocco Iran-1 Iran-2

week1 week2 week3 week4 week5 week6

M-E N-A

2010 6,000 3,000 5,000

2011 6,000 3,000 5,000

Total (2010-11) 12,000 6,000 10,000

37,004 45,090 9,000 7,000 1,000 3,000 101,674

37,004 45,090 9,000 14,000 1,000 3,000 108,674

58,968 76,380 18,000 21,000 2,000 6,000 210348

coherent

LabLebanon1

with

dates of

LabLebanon2

regional

present to the regional meetings

M-E

M-E N-A M-E

Monitoring, evaluation and reporting The whole program of training sessions can be launched within two months after the agreement of all the partners. It can be achieved in six weeks. The RAHCs will contribute in the organisation and, therefore, will need a minimum time between each session.

Feedback and reports will be required for trainees and trainers. Examples will be presented to the Executive committee.

The conclusions reached during the training sessions, and the recommendations for the future will be presented to the Executive Committee at the session immediately after the end of the courses.

The results will be also discussed at the respective regional meetings / roundtables of each region.

73

Appendix 13

FMD situation in Egypt Adel BenYoussef, EuFMD Secretariat

Status: FAO funded TCP/EGY/3105 (269,000 US$) - finished (9/2009).

Follow on project under development.

Following the appearance and nationwide spread of an exotic strain type A in 2006, and in the following year, of new FMD outbreaks related to “O” PAN ASIA (WRL Pirbright), the Egyptian government requested FAO assistance. A Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP) project “Foot-and-Mouth, FMD like Disease Surveillance and Vaccine evaluation” has been approved, to evaluate the current FMD control strategy and to provide scientific information for implementing improvements. Project activities began in March 2008 and ended in September 2009. EuFMD provided technical guidance throughout.

A second phase of the project is being developed by a EuFMD consultant (Kees MAANEN) and will focus on FMD monitoring (PCP 1). It should strengthen the capacities of the laboratories to type FMD and to assess vaccination impact.

Outbreak investigations were optimised and intensified, and a SMS reporting system was developed and tested in five pilot governorates, allowing the investigation of 22 outbreaks. Training for field practitioners was organised to improve the diagnostic and the early detection and sampling.

To estimate true prevalence rates of old and recent FMD infections and to explore risk factors that can be used for redesigning current control strategies, a sero-surveillance program was designed and carried out between March and September 2009. The study was based on a two-stage sampling design, aimed at detection of non-structural antibodies against FMDV. Twenty-eight animals within epidemiological units (105 randomly chosen local villages) were sampled across 5 governorates (4 in the Nile delta and 1 located in central Egypt) to estimate animal prevalence, village and within-village prevalence by governorate. Within villages, both buffalos and cattle were chosen and categorised by age: 6-24 months of age (N=1306), and > 3 years of age (N=1929). Animals of > 3 years of age were thought to have experienced the extensive FMDV type A epizootic in 2006, whereas animals < 2 years of age were thought to provide information about recent infections (2007-2009). In total, 3,235 serum samples were collected: 39% buffalos and 61% cattle.

All samples were investigated for NSP with the PrioCHECK FMDV NS ELISA. For young stock, the estimated animal true prevalence was 33.6% (95%CI: 31.1-36.0%) for cut-off A and 28.1% (95%CI: 25.7-30.4%) for cut-off B, varying between governorates from 19.1% to 46.5% for cut-off A, and from 12.1% to 24.2% for cut-off B. The apparent within-village seroprevalence varied between 0% (23 out of 105 villages) and 83% with median 26% for cut-off A and 23% for cut-off B. Based on the multivariate regression model using cut-off A, buffaloes were 2.1 times (95% CI 1.0-4.4) more likely to test seropositive than cattle.

Ruminants in the centrally-located governorate Menia were 4.4 times (95% CI 1.8-10.3) and ruminants in Mounofya (Nile delta) were 4.8 (95%CI: 1.8-12.5) times more likely to test seropositive than ruminants in governorate Beheira (Nile delta). Thus, it seems clear that a high proportion of animals become infected with FMD within two years of life, suggesting that NSP antibodies reflect infection and not impure vaccines.

In contrast reporting of disease was apparently very low.

The passive and active surveillance demonstrate the endemic situation of the disease, related to both A and O serotypes in Egypt. However, clinical outbreaks were possibly masked as a result of an official program to vaccinate large ruminants twice yearly with a bivalent (type A and O) vaccine produced by VSVRI, Abassia, Cairo. Further studies on post vaccinal immunity including the duration and the level of antibodies, should be indicated to develop an improved vaccination strategy.

74

Appendix 14

FMD situation in Lebanon 2009-2010 Adel BenYoussef, EuFMD Secretariat

Status: -

Emergency support 2009 supply of emergency vaccine, with guidelines for use supply of kits to complete the sero-prevalence study in small ruminants supply of kit for antigen detection and proposal of guidelines for outbreak investigation

In January-February 2009, 11 outbreaks were officially declared to the OIE. Only the A serotype has been identified last year in Lebanon in the samples submitted to the WRL Pirbright.

In the context of the spread of the A serotype over the Middle East region, EC/DG-SANCO has donated 200000 doses of monovalent vaccine (vaccine Aftovaxpur A99 Iran) with high potency, sufficient to protect against A Iran05. Indications have been suggested on the appropriate way to use the donated vaccine following a first vaccination campaign: •For animals which have never received A vaccine before (young animals and those for which there is no certitude on vaccination last year), to make a booster vaccination.

•If a vaccine Bivalent (A, O) or trivalent (A, O, Asia1) is available and no dose of O type has been used in the past 6 months, a vaccination as soon as possible is recommended.

•If no BV or Trivalent vaccine is available, the booster for the whole population can be given 6 months after the last vaccination (presuming that all animals have received A vaccine in the past. It is also recommended in this case to vaccinate the non-immunised young calves, pending the next vaccination campaign.

The vaccine has been received by the end of September and has been used by the Lebanese veterinary services according to the following breakdown: 60.000 cattle, 10.000 swine, and 170.000 small ruminants.

The zones of high concentration were vaccinated first. The total used is about 155.000 doses. The authorities foresee for this year a biannual vaccination, using O, A, Asia1 strains.

In addition, the EuFMD provided assistance by: - proposing guidelines for the early detection and diagnostic of FMD outbreaks (cf diagram).

- providing a kit for the early virus detection (A/O/Asia1) - supplying kits to complete the sero-prevalence study on small ruminants, to monitor the virus circulation and the effectiveness of the control measures.

The sero prevalence study made by NSP tests under the TCP 3102/Leb revealed nearly 70% positive villages (99) and 20% of positive samples (the number of cattle samples was 1802, collected during summer-autumn 2008 from dairy cattle 2-4 years aged).

The sero prevalence in small ruminants under this project is partial. The apparent prevalence of Foot and Mouth disease in sheep is known (about 12 %) only in 3 provinces. The apparent prevalence at the level of villages is 34.8 %.

The study is being completed for all goat samples and for the remaining sheep samples (3150 serum samples), by the support of EuFMD. The results are expected by the end of March.

75

Guidelines for FMD outbreak - Detection and investigation Version 1 (12/2009)

Foreword: This document is prepared by the EuFMD Secretariat and is intended to assist the Lebanese veterinary services the investigation and response to suspect FMD outbreaks. It should be adapted for application by field officers, and updated after changes in diagnostic capacity or experience.

Background: The FMD situation in Lebanon is endemic, mainly because of the O serotype. Last year the serotype A Iran 05 has been detected in the country as well as in the whole region.

Following this invasion of A Iran05 virus in the Middle East, Lebanon is one of the countries that received support from the European Commission and EuFMD. A few months ago, 200.000 doses have been donated to this country in order to face a possible resurgence. According to recent declaration of the veterinary services in early November, about 60-70 % of cattle have received a first injection of the donated vaccine.

Some recommendations have been yet transmitted to VS by EuFMD for a better use of the vaccine. A part of the donated vaccine would be kept as a reserve, in case of detection of sporadic outbreaks or epizootic situation. The purpose of this document is to provide to the Lebanese veterinary services guidelines on the early detection and investigation of FMD outbreaks.

The EuFMD commission proposes assistance to Lebanon for the early diagnostic and for the investigation, by supplying kits for early analysis in situ and kits for Antigen detection in the laboratory. This proposal could be linked to the contingency plan for FMD and other epizootic diseases, in preparation under the TCP 3102/Leb.

76

Protocol for outbreak detection:

In case of confirmation of the suspicion, suitable samples should be taken in order to confirm infection.

The investigation of suspicions should be made by competent persons under authority of the vet services, who understand the type of samples required for laboratory confirmation.

Penside tests (Svanodip – FMD) can be used on site or at the laboratory, but only with suitable samples from early cases. A range of samples, including whole blood for serum, are advisable if early lesions (<6 days) are not abundant.

The veterinarians collecting samples should complete tables for each animal, supplying information (table 1).

Table 1. Information collected on animals examined and sampled.

nary band

indistinct break coro-

ulcer with fibrosis

scab

teats

mouth4

foot3

salivation

sex1

ulcer with fibrinous

age1 intact vesicle

and

fever2

animal ID

lameness

no

raw eroded area

species

vesicle

type of lesions

recently rup-tured

clinical signs

sampl

vacci-

es

nation

taken5

status1

estimated age of the oldest lesions

77

The flow of activities to arrive at a confirmation of FMDV is given in the following decision tree:

Event

Not confirmed

information from farmers

suspicion

confirmed by veterinary services

< 6 days

> 6 days

sampling Swab, epithelium blood

sampling Swab (as epithelium may not be possible) Probang blood (for serum) Laboratory: - antigen detection ELISA (often negative over 6 days) - PCR (needed) - serology (NSP – can confirm exposure to FMDV)

In situ rapid test pen-side

result (-)

result (+)

further investigations

Laboratory Ag detection ELISA

confirmed identification of Ag

immediate measures identification

not identified

sample to WRL for genotyping use of ring emergency vaccination

78

Decision tree for outbreak detection and investigation

The basis for use of tests is given below, and information collected at sampling used to compile tables such as shown in Tables 2 and 3.

Progression of disease as related to expected signs of disease and diagnostic detection: age of lesions

-3 -2 -1 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 10

expected virus excretion expected fever detection with PCR on blood detection with LFD detection with Ag ELISA detection with NSP ELISA Red = most likely time frame of detection Yellow = likely time frame of detection Pale yellow = less likely time frame of detection

In case of positive result, the immediate measures previewed in the CP should enter into force. These measures should include the treatment of animals and the disinfection of the premises.

Official investigation to identify possible source and risk of spread

The official investigation should try to identify the oldest lesion in the epidemiological unit; the date of entry of infection is up to 14 days previously. The investigation should identify which events in this 14 day period may explain the entry of infection, such as entry of contaminated animals, or vehicles, and the most likely sources identified.

Further analyses should be done in order to identify the serotype involved in the outbreak, on an urgent basis with the aim to identify type within 24 hours and if the national lab cannot do this, by an international lab within 5 days. The authorities should apply a ring vaccination with a vaccine containing the involved serotype. For this purpose, a suitable monovalent type, or at least a bivalent vaccine A/O should be available for the national vaccination campaign.

The reporting of the investigation should provide the following information (example) Information concerning the epidemiological unit:

Mohafaza – Province:

Village (s):

79

Name of owner (owners):

Animal population susceptible to FMD, identification, type of husbandry...

Maximal capacity:

Maps – GIS code:

Information concerning the outbreaks (or epizootic):

Timeline (from earliest to last event) 1. Start of possible window of introduction of FMDV (date and possibly risk factor of introduction of FMDV, dissemination of the disease) (1-14 days before first signs) 2. First observation of clinical signs (date)(=day 0) 3. Notification of suspicion to veterinary services (date) 4. Date of sampling 5. Date of official investigation 6. Date confirmed

Clinical examination and sampling of the animals 1. Describe (table 3) 2. Clinical signs (table 3) 3. Aging of lesions (table 1)

Sampling 1. Blood sampling 2. Tissue sampling 3. Pen side test 4. Bio-security & disinfection 5. Sending samples to the lab

Vaccination history: Describe (date, vaccine, animals...)

Results of the laboratory analysis (table 2)

Source and spread of infection: 1. most likely event that introduced infection in the unit 2. time period when spread of infection most likely to occur from the epi-unit (= from 2-4 days before signs depending on species)

80

Table 2. Results of the laboratory investigation of the samples taken in the village (example of compilation) clinical animal ID

LFD

NSP

conclusion3

Ag ELISA signs

+1

+

inconclusive

+ (2-3 d)

infected

1234567

+

1

+

type O

+ (2-3 d)

infected

6789234

+2

+

-

+ (2-3 d)

infected

1

epithelium and saliva

2

epithelium and vesicle fluid

3

conclusion based on references in table 3

Table 3: Animals examined and sampled in the village (example of compilation).

8 9 10 11

/ / / / /

7 months

-

NT

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

B-S

not reported

not known

-

NT

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

B-S

not reported

7 months

-

NT

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

B

not reported

1.5 year

-

NT

+

-

LTD

-

-

-

-

+

+

-

B

not reported

6 to 7 days

1.3 year

+

NT

+

C

G

-

-

-

-

+

-

B

10.2008

5 to 6 days

-

B-E

10.2008

7 days

-

B-S-E

not reported

5 to 6 days

age1

ulcer with fibrinous scab ulcer with fibrosis indistinct break coro-nary band

raw eroded area

7

/

recently ruptured vesicle

6

/

intact vesicle

5

/

teats

4

/

mouth4

3

/

foot3

2

bov M bov M bov M bov F bov F bov F bov F bov F bov F bov F

salivation

1234456 7 1232456 7 1223456 7 1223456 7 1233456 7 1234456 7 1234556 7 1234566 7 1234567 7 1234567 8 not identifie d

1

specie s and sex1

estimated age of the oldest lesions

fever2

animal ID

no

type of lesions

vacci-nation status1

lameness

clinical signs

samples taken5

+ (M)

1.3 year

+

NT

+

I

LG

-

-

+ (I)

-

1.5 year

+

NT

+

-

MLD

-

-

-

-

+

1.3 year

+

NT

+

I

L

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

B

10.2008

7 days

1.3 year

-

NT

+

-

ML

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

B

10.2008

7 days

1.3 year

+

NT

+

I

LTD

-

-

-

+ (I)

+ (T)

+ (D)

-

B

10.2008

7 days

-

NT

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+?

-

B-P

not reported

7 to 10 days

bov / not known M

1

information retrieved from the livestock information system NT: not tested (animals did not appear to have fever) 3 foot: Coronary band – Inter-digital space / 4 mouth: Muzzle - Lips - Gums - Tongue - Dental pad Blood - Saliva - Vesicle fluid - Epithelium - Probang sample.

2

/

5

samples:

81

Appendix 15

Improving FMD surveillance in African proximity Abbreviated Project Document, Keith Sumption, Secretary of the European Commission for Food & Mouth Disease

Executing Agency:

European Commission for the control of the footand-mouth disease (EuFMD0 / Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Project Symbol:

EC/.../.../

Project Title:

Support for FMD surveillance in the African proximity

Starting Date:

1 February 2010

Completion Date:

31 March 2012

Beneficiaries countries

Contribution requested from the European Commission (DG-SANCO)

1) EuFMD member states and European neighbourhood countries.

2) East/West/central African countries which may include Mali, Nigeria, Cameroon, Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya

USD 900 000

A. Purpose: The proposal aims to: - Better identify FMDV threats to Europe from high risk regions in the proximity of Europe, such as the African proximity; - Promote and technically support the implementation of the PCP approach into the region, to provide basic information required for risk identification and national strategy development; - Through the above activities, assist to provide information and stimulus to FMD lab networking and service provision in East and West Africa; - Improve linkages between European laboratories and African partners, to improve quality of work and impact and information flow, for all parties; The project, therefore, will assist in two ways, threat detection and improved networking European-African partners, and initiating the PCP approach in the African partners in the region. For these purposes, the countries need first to monitor the disease and know as much as possible the strains implicated in the countries and in the whole region. These countries need also to carry out the risk assessment, related to the introduction of the disease from outside, or to the transmission of the disease within the country. This

82

should allow identifying the appropriate control actions within the countries as well as preventing the extension of the threat to the Northern borders (to North Africa).

B. Outcomes: The project is expected to assist in building a threat monitoring system for FMD in the African proximity, in coherence with PCP approach, in countries of Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Cameroon, Kenya, and Ethiopia. The anticipated cost is approximately 150,000 USD per country, or about 300,000 US$ per year for the region.

C. Immediate objective(s), outputs and activities: Component 1: - Better identify FMDV threats to Europe from high risk regions in the proximity of Europe, such as the African proximity.

Immediate objective: identify the circulating strains and the risk of switch to the North (Northern Africa).

Outputs: 1.1

Improved detection of FMDV threats from FMDV pools 4 and 5 (West/central Africa and East Africa)

Activities: 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4

Encourage proposals meeting the requirements for contributing to the objectives, from interested parties; Review proposals and for approved ones, develop into LoAs; Implement through LoAs the monitoring studies, which include support to sample collection/typing in national (or regional) and International Reference labs; Communicate results to European partners, and to national and regional networks.

Component 2: Promote and technically support the implementation of the PCP approach into the region, to provide basic information required for risk identification and national strategy development.

Immediate objective: Progression of at least two key countries in each region (West and East) into Stage 1 of the PCP acting as stimulus for wider regional participation in the pathway.

Outputs: 2.1 PCP Stage 1 achieved in four key countries Activities: 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4

2.1.5

Encourage proposals from national Veterinary Services/national FMD ref labs in target countries for activities that meet the requirements for PCP Stage 1 (these may also address Component 1) Review proposals and for approved ones, develop into LoAs or Memoranda of Understanding (MOU) for project support; Implement through LoAs/MOU the support to national activities; Communicate results (PCP activity findings and national FMD strategy plans) to donor organisations in country/region concerned, and to European partners, and to national and regional FMD networks; Provide technical support to co-organised regional annual meeting for country progress assessment (with FAO/OIE/IBAR).

83

Component 3: Improve linkages between European laboratories and African partners, to improve quality of work and impact and information flow, for all parties.

Immediate objective: Outputs: 3.1. Functioning information exchange between African FMD laboratories and European partners (East and West African FMD lab and risk analysis networks) 3.2. Strong technical linkages achieved through twinning of National labs with European ones; Activities: 3.1.1 Identify and equip network animators to undertake regional FMD networking (web pages, monthly reporting, annual report, and annual meeting) in East and West/Central Africa, to improve information exchange and assessment of threats, and increase efficiency of FMD isolation and typing systems; 3.1.2 Involvement of European NRLs and epidemiologists in technical support to the monitoring projects (1.1.1 and 2.1.1) and in regional risk assessment and Annual Network meetings.

D. Inputs: E.1 Inputs by the Recipient Government For the successful implementation of this project, each recipient partner (institute or National lab) should provide with the proposal the agreement of its own Government to do the following: - To make available the veterinary staff, the lab staff, and other personnel; - To provide the logistic support (for the collection and transport of staff and samples) for the achievement of the projects; - To make available the lab facilities for the purpose of the implementation of the studies.

For the key countries projects, the specific actions scheduled for lab twinning and more training actions justify the is a need to appoint a National coordinator for two calendar months, and who should be proposed by the national authority and financed under the project upon the agreement between the two parts. The terms of reference are in annex yyy.

E.2 Donor Inputs through FAO The main financial support is expected to be from the European Commission. The Lab partners from Europe will be encouraged to contribute in the component 3 (networking, training activities of labs information exchange, and twinning activities).

The major part of the activities will be achieved under Letters of Agreement, which include monitoring activities for FMDV threat detection and analysis. Samples from at least 30 different clinical outbreaks in each country will be collected for analysis in the national or regional lab and shipment of parallel samples to the WRL for confirmation and genotyping. The same LoA will include epidemiology activities (prevalence study and identification of the main risk factors regarding the transmission of the disease inside the countries and through the Northern border (to North Africa). The risk assessment study can be made through surveys and analysis of the collected data, in the field and in the lab.

84

Breakdown of Outputs, Activities and main Inputs: Budget (in USD) 900 000 A small part of the estimated budget will be dedicated to the partial funding of regional annual meetings and the fees of consultancies. The major part will be achieved through agreements with the countries, under Letters of Agreement.

Budget breakdown: Personnel IC and TCDC Consultants

Travel

Training/Field work

Subtotal

Action National consultants in key countries FMD Lab Twinning Officer/expert IC for twinning of key countries labs Other consultancies

Unit cost 15000

Int / TCDC consultants

32000

Flights/other travel

20000

Backstopping

15000

National Workshops/Training

LoA

Regional Workshop on PCP progress

120000

Travel, workshops and consultants

245,000

LoA for monitoring studies, and seroprevalence study

636,000

18000

25000

detail 2 calendar months for each key country @ 2500 USD average; includes consultancy IC 2 working weeks, one week for supervision (400 USD/day) (6000 USD/country) TCDC consultancies for sero-surveillance and sampling programme design.

TCDC for lab 1week, and CRP identification 1 week, strategy plan 2 weeks 2 weeks(10 working days) X 400

3 persons from key countries in 3 years to European country for EuFMD/other technical meetings for lab twinning (4 day duration, total 12 days DSA) 5000 USD for each key country. For the other countries included in LoA No charge, EuFMD staff 1 workshops of 2 days for up to 25 persons, assume 100 USD average under LoA (30000) Contribution to costs of 4 regional FMD control and PCP overview meetings (2 national participants) 8000 USD/country from East and West Africa.

Contracts (LoA)

Subtotal

Inc testing services (serology), biological and ELISA kits required for NSP and SP, antigen detection ELISA, molecular tests 40000 USD/country

636,000

Supplies and materials

85

NON-Exp. Equipment Exp. equipment Direct Operating Expenses Technical Support (HQ) General Operating Expenses (GOE) Subtotal Grand Total

Lab supplies

LoA

Diagnostic kits

LoA 10000

Backstopping missions

--

Laptop and or participation in ELISA equipment (36000) Approximately 6000 USD under each LoA. 90,000 provided for the diagnostic contract under LoA Telephone charges, general office and workshops costs only travel expenses

9000 19,000 900,000

86

Appendix 16

Turkey: FMD situation report Haluk Askaroglu, Head of Animal Health Services Department (Ankara)

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

Appendix 17

Progress report of FMD control support to Transcaucasus Countries Carsten Potzsch, EuFMD Consultant, FMD Surveillance & Control in the Transcaucasus

96

97

98

Appendix 18

Strengthening Foot and Mouth Disease surveillance and control in the Transcaucasus countries to assist progression on the West Eurasia FMD Progressive Control Pathway (Summary of proposal 2010-12)

Abbreviated version of Project Document: Trust Fund Project Format

FAO/GOVERNMENT COOPERATIVE PROGRAMME Project of the Governments of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan Implementing Agreement/PROJECT DOCUMENT

Time-Frame: May 2010 to December 2012 EC contribution requested: US$ 1,997,640

99

The following number is taken from the full project document, Annex 1 2.

Expected end-of-project situation and sustainability of project results

The project goal is to assist the TCC to make measurable progress along the West Eurasia FMD Progressive Control Pathway. The required activities of PCP stage 2 should have been implemented and the national situation should be judged to have achieved progression to stage 3 in the second half of the project. The progress is not dependant on the project alone and assumes certain Government commitments and slightly decreased risk from Turkey and Iran.

At project end, TCCs should have in place more efficient disease reporting and emergency control plans and procedures, be able to measure impact of vaccination on incidence, and have demonstrated capacity to address high points for FMD incursion.

The expected outputs are: Component 1: Improved FMD monitoring and control to progress on the West Eurasia FMD Roadmap 1. TCC fully meet PCP stage 2 requirements in 2010-11 and progress to meet main criteria of stage 3 by 2012 2. TCC fully participate in regional information and early warning system through sharing information from PCP activities in monitoring and prevention, through the regional FMD database and risk communication system Component 2: Laboratory National reference laboratories operate to a performance level that will achieve requirements of the PCP stage 2, with established and functioning.

• capacity to monitor virus circulation and the impact of vaccination programmes.

• rapid FMD virus confirmation at field level and serotyping/strain typing at national level 3.

3.

Project strategy

The 3 year program is a continuation (Phase 2010-12) of the support provided under the European Commission/EUFMD program (MTF/INT/003/EEC) to reduce the risk of transboundary FMD movement across the eastern European borders, which includes the borders of the Caucasus countries with Turkey and Iran. The proposed action is in line with the West EurAsia FMD Roadmap, in which risk reduction is achieved by each TCC undertaking actions to achieve and complete Stage 2 activities which have the aim of preventing virus circulation in the TCC, and entering Stage 3.

The programme for the Caucasus countries has 3 main components: 1. Regional Coordination of national FMD prevention actions, policy development and implementation support , in line with the EuFMD 38th Session and vision of the West Eurasia FMD Roadmap; 2. FMD monitoring and FMD control, incl. vaccination, information management, and emergency planning, in line with requirements of Stage 2; 3. Laboratory capacity to support FMD monitoring /surveillance and control programmes The aim of the project is to re-enforce regional bio-security, especially at the borders between the Transcaucasus and Turkey and Iran. Of note is the escalating meat import trade, and the risk of entry into free range pig production since most pigs are kept on a scavenging basis, and FMD has frequently entered other countries by such a route.

Support will be given to undertake surveillance programs, including improving information systems and laboratory quality assurance. Regional independent laboratory testing will be strengthened by supplying

100

diagnostic reagents, kits, training and a long term direct support. These points will assist in reducing the risk that FMD entry results in high impact at national and regional level on livestock health, including spread to EU Member States and third countries. A further aim is to improve cost/ benefit ratio on FMD control inputs at national and regional level. Further the risk to vulnerable livestock sectors can be reduced and conditions established that favour rural livelihoods from animal agriculture, including disease eradication. The proposal developed is fully in line with the West Eurasia Roadmap Meetings in Iran in 2008 and Istanbul in 2009.

4.

Institutional framework and counterpart support capacity

Government implementation agencies are in each case the State Veterinary Services (SVS) in the respective Ministries of Agriculture, represented by the Chief Veterinary officer (CVO); in Azerbaijan this position is CVO of the SVS, in Armenia the CVO is Head of the State Veterinary Inspection , and in Georgia the CVO is Head of Veterinary Section in the Department of Food safety, veterinary and plant protection, as indicated in the organogrammes in Annex II. Each country will be expected to convene a task force, comprising CVO plus specialists from at least the epidemiology section and laboratory diagnostic section, with the FAO national FMD project consultant acting as observer or secretary.

The national task force, reporting to the CVO, and to the FAO regional coordinator, will be responsible for implementation of the national obligations under the work programme, principally the vaccination and sero-monitoring campaigns.

The FAO national project consultants will be responsible for compiling monthly or more frequent reports on progress, and for liaison between the regional co-ordinator and the CVO/task Force.

5.

Reasons for assistance from FAO/Government Cooperative Programme

(Text needs to document FAO’s comparative advantage in being a partner with the Government in controlling the specific disease.)

There has been an ongoing partnership in support of FMD control in the three countries between EUFMD Commission Secretariat in FAO (main implementing partner), European Commission (DG-SANCO) and OIE since 1999, that has enabled the vaccination buffer zone to be maintained in crisis periods between 19992003, and continuously since 2004. The comparative advantage is that the program is part of a wider set of actions, involving Iran and Turkey, implemented by FAO/EUFMD with EC support; and within the epidemiological region, the program is part of the West Eurasia FMD Roadmap which has the vision of freedom from clinical FMD by 2020.

D.

IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES, OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES

Component 1: Improved FMD monitoring and control to progress on the West Eurasia FMD Roadmap Immediate objective: TCCs consolidate the PCP stage 2 position for FMD control and monitoring and progress on the pathway to meet main criteria of stage 3 by 2012.

Outputs: 1. TCC fully meet PCP stage 2 requirements in 2010-11, in respect of an implemented control strategy based on vaccination that targets the main points for entry and spread of FMDV in each country, with an

101

associated monitoring system, information/reporting system, and progress assessment system that meets the needs of the Stage; 2. TCC progress to meet main criteria of stage 3 by 2012, in respect of monitoring system, implemented control policy and establishment of emergency response capacity; 3. TCC participate in West EurAsia PCP activities, actively share information using the regional FMD database and contribute to regional early warning Activities: The project provides support for TCC to: o implement risk based vaccination campaigns (4) , with support to assess impact on virus circulation; o meet the PCP requirements in FMD control and monitoring o participate annually in regional roadmap strategy meetings o provide all relevant data on animal demographics, vaccination and FMD monitoring and surveillance for entering in the regional FMD database timely and in good quality o participate in regional common borders FMD control programs as agreed in the regional roadmap strategy meetings; vaccination and surveillance for these programs will be supported by the project.

FMD vaccination 1.1 NVS to implement twice a year a program of vaccination (with project supplied and national vaccines) in high risk animal populations, in 2010 and 2011. (Decision on 2012 will be made after mid term review of project in 2011) 1.2 Preceding each campaign, the the use of the vaccine and vaccination campaign logistics agreed following an assessement of the FMD risk situation in each country and a review of the most recent monitoring results, in meetings between NVS and FAO at least 2 months before the planned vaccine delivery date Reporting 1.3 Monthly reporting by the NPCs to FAO (EuFMD Secretariat and agreed list, includes database entry) 1.4 Monthly or more frequent entry of data into the FAO/EuFMD project (regional) FMD database on vaccination information, including national and project supplied vaccine use; Monitoring program 1.5 NVS will conduct three (one per year) national NSP serosurveys with approximately 3000 samples per country to estimate the level of virus circulation in risk populations and on background level, incl. all species of susceptible animals 1.6 NVS will monitor the efficiency of each campaign (six) including testing a set of sera for SP titres for assessing vaccination coverage, immunity and duration of protection, in areas where vaccination has been carried using project and nationally purchased vaccine.

Assess Impact of Control Measures and revise National Strategy 1.7 Revise national and regional TCC FMD control strategies once per year and adjust FMD vaccination, contingency plans, other control measures and serosurveys according to findings; Performance and capacity for emergency response 1.8 Carry out two field simulation exercises during the project, one in the first and one in the last year 1.9 Training to central veterinary staff and project staff in risk assessment and FMD epidemiology; additionally central and district veterinarians will be trained in disease recognition and control.

Participation in the West Eurasia Roadmap

102

1.9 TCC countries participate in the annual self-evaluation and international PCP progress comparison, and in the Annual progress review Workshop, in order to assess progress along the West EurAsia Roadmap Component 2: Laboratory Immediate objective: Establish FMD serology for structural antibodies and FMD virus diagnosis on the level of the field and confirmation and sero-typing at the national laboratories.

Outputs: .

1. Rapid FMD virus confirmation on field level and typisation on the level of national laboratories are established and functioning 2. National reference laboratories operate to a performance level that will enable of FMD virus confirmation and have the capacity to monitor virus circulation (NSP) and the impact of vaccination (SP) programmes upon the virus circulation 3. NRLs performance in external quality assurance is similar to those of European NRLs, for FMDV detection and for NSP antiobidy detection; Activities: Establishment of capacity for FMD identification/typing from acute cases and recovered animals 2.1.1 Establish antigen detection ELISA and/or PCR (multiplex PCR and real-time PCR) capacity in each NRL; training for two persons per lab will be conducted, at the NRL or an external lab (if required).

2.1.2 Training in follow-up sampling and test procedures applicable to NSP positive epidemiological units , with development of a standard procedure for probang, swab sampling of NSP positive animals, and arrangements for sequencing PCR products or positive swabs; 2.1.3 Training in rapid field diagnosis and outbreak investigation, in a real-time investigation of an outbreak (location: Turkey or Iran).

2.1.4 Sample management procedures, including a decision tree on testing/reporting of results and on shipment procedures to international laboratories will be improved and established as routine procedure in the first project year.

Serology services and studies on response to vaccination 2.2.1 Training in methods for SP ELISA for 2 persons per laboratory, by Month 6 of project.

2.2.2 Serology: approximately 4-3000 sera per year NSP antibody and at least 600 for SP titres in NRLs, and sending, a subset of samples to be tested in an international reference lab. The main sero-survey will be carried out in autumn each year.

2.2.3 NRLs will assist the NVS to identify and follow-up spatial clusters of NSP positive test results on an urgent basis, according to the PCP requirements: for PCP stage 2 such clusters are investigated and for stage 3 each positive cluster needs to be followed up and explained (FMDV identification for evidence of incursion) 2.2.4 Each NRL will agree and implement a yearly workprogram to improve the monitoring of vaccination performance, including: o investigation of the duration of immunity in defined sub-populations o the induction of NSP antibodies of vaccines o reporting will be to the EuFMD research group as well as National/Regional project meetings.

Laboratory performance and External quality assurance (EQA) 2.3.1 National reference laboratories participate at least annually in external quality assurance on virological and serological tests (PCR typing, ag-detection ELISA, NSP and SP), such as organized by FAO with

103

the WRL, Pirbright (proficiency tests).

G.

PRIOR OBLIGATIONS AND PRE-REQUISITES

Country beneficiaries are expected to commit to principles agreed at the OIE Paris May 2004 meeting.

These are indicated in the Project Memorandum of Understanding, Article III. Country specific prior obligations ….

With each country an individual agreement will be reached on the allocation of resources in cash and/or in kind (for example office, and project personnel) to support the project, according to subproject requirements.

If government contributions and commitments are not fulfilled accordingly, FAO will be authorized to reduce project inputs.

These are indicated in the Project Memorandum of Understanding (MOU).

H.

PROJECT REPORTING, REVIEWS AND EVALUATION

These will be in line with the reporting requirements framework agreement between FAO/EUFMD and the EC; Project monitoring and evaluation will be ensured by: (i) monthly project reports (including entry of data into the regional FMD database) (ii) progress reports from the national task force (every 2 months) , submitted by national consultants, covering each element of the work plan, especially vaccination and samples tested; (iii) 6 monthly progress report to the EUFMD Executive Committee and donor, to be submitted at least 1 months before the date of the Executive Committee meeting for consideration; (iv) mid term evaluation (mid 2011) to evaluate progress and adjust 2nd half of the project outputs, and make review the use made of donated vaccine before decision on vaccine supply in 2012.

I.

BUDGET (PLAN OF EXPENDITURE)

Line items and formats vary with the Trust Fund Donor. Typically, a distinction is made between: (i)

Government Contribution in Kind

These are indicated in the Project Memorandum of Understanding, Article III.

104

(ii)

Donor Contribution (estimated in USD), 36 month

Position Personnel

Regional coordinator National officers International consultants

Travel

Cost project 122400

Specification 360 days at 340 USD/day

project 97200

One officer/country, ¾ time, FAO National officer A scale (900 USD/month) 60 days at 340 USD/day (simulation exercises, diagnostic training) 180 days at 40 USD/day 20 missions 2 persons, average 5 days (300d @ 180 USD average) 20 missions, ave 500 USD tickets, plus surface travel 6 persons, 5 days, average 1200 US$ 6 persons, average 2000

20400

Casual labour 7200 National & int. 36000 consultants Flights/other travel 12000 Real-time Training 7800 (FMD outbreaks) Lab training (Study 12000 Tours, lab in region) Reg./intern.workshops 8640

Associated Flights/travel Training/field work

Regional exercises Lab training

16500

simulation 35000

4000

Real-time training 1500 associated costs Contracts 1. Training in ELISA 30,000 (items 1-4 in methods, lab same of supervision different contracts) 2. Testing sera (NSP 16000 and SP titrations) 3.

SP ELISA 30000 preparation (precoating plates), reagent preapration

9 regional meetings, 2 days each, 3pp = 54 person days ave 160 USD 5 rtn flights within region per country per year, total 45: ave 300 USD; plus local travel 1 table top exercise in Geo (5000 USD) and 1 regional field exercise (30000 USD) Miscellaneous lab costs, bench fees (4 weeks at 1000 per week) Training materials, workshop costs 25 days per year, @ 400 US$ /day

4,500 tests at 4 US per test (500 sera /country/year) 15000 tests (3 serotypes) at 2 USD/test

105

4. NSP ELISA (pre- 60,000 coating plates), biologicals supply vaccine trials at an 15000 international testing site (vaccine quality and purity of project and national purchased vaccines)

For 36,000 tests

FMD Vaccine 2010-11

3.4 million doses TV vaccine (4 campaigns of 850000 TV doses) at 0.35 USD 0.34 million at 0.35 US$

3 batches (1 batch/year)

Supplies and materials Exp. Equipment

1,190,000

FMD vaccine 119,000 emergency reserve (2012) Surveillance costs 60000

Sample shipment

36000

Lab supplies, 33000 Diagnostic kits

Non exp.equipment General Operating Expenses (GOE)

Total

12000

Miscellaneous

10000

Translation

6000

Total 30000 sera; 10000 sera to be collected/year (3300 per country); 2 USD/collected sample for serum collection and storage, logistic support/fuel) 9 transportations, at 4000 USD/shipment 80 NSP test kits (a 450 samples; 60,000 USD), 600 real time PCR tests (a 15 USD/test); 200 rapid tests (a 20 USD/test); other reagents (20,000 USD) 3 PC/Laptops, 3 GIS ArcView single user licences (a 1600 USD); office equipment Project running, telephone/internet charges, general office 30,000 words, at 100 US/1,000 words, plus interpretation at meetings at 200/day (15 days)

1,997,640

106

Appendix 19

FMD Surveillance Project in Iran Francis Geiger, EuFMD consultant, Alfort Veterinary College and Bakkali, N. Petrovic

107

108

109

Appendix 20

FMD situation in Syria Adel BenYoussef, EuFMD Secretariat

Status: MOU signed May 2008 for two years.

Progress delayed.

Review mission in February 2010.

Program established for the main activities previewed under the MOU, before considering a second phase.

The MOU with the Government of Syria on "Strengthening active surveillance and veterinary service capacities for Foot and Mouth Disease control in Syria" was signed in May 2008 for two years.

A mission has been recently organized to meet the CVO and his team in order to review the project and to consider the ways to progress, including the conditions for a second phase of collaboration.

The data on the sero-surveillance in cattle were showed to be all negatives (only 36 false positives), but may need further assessment. The sampling design established covers all the regions and villages of Syria.

An external analysis is foreseen on 10% of the samples (500) under the MOU and, therefore, has to be considered.

The sampling design for small ruminants has been agreed during the mission and should have been launched by the first of March. The design foresees 2500 samples from 145 villages representing the whole country and 1500 samples from the Badia, the main pasture zone covering the half of the Syrian provinces.

The sero-surveillance report in small ruminants shall be prepared by the CVO by 15 June, and a progress review by the 10th of May. Timetable for the next actions of the project activity

date

sero-surveillance in cattle

date end

comments

10 march 2010

data of renewed

2008-2009,

to

be

sero-surveillance in SR

10 March 2010

15 June 2010

progress review by 10th of May

training course Lab

16 May 2010

20 May 2010

in site lab training for the National lab

training course epidemio

13 June 2010

17 June 2010

in site lab training for central and local staff

Investigate positive results

first overview with epidemiology expert

the

It was not appropriate to consider actually a second phase. However, if a second phase has to be considered later, it will depend on the surveillance results obtained and on the objectives reached. It could aim to: establish standardised outbreak investigation methodology; improving disease reporting inside and outside; establish a new surveillance programme following the analysis of the results reached.

110

Appendix 21

EuFMD Financial Report, 31st of December 2009 Keith Sumption, Secretary of the European Commission for Food & Mouth Disease

STATEMENT

1

MTF/INT/011/MUL - TF number 904200

EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR THE CONTROL OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE Financial Report as at 31 December 2009 (Final)

USD

USD

Contributions from member countries and institute

Eur

178,331

Balance as at 1 January 2009 Interest received

Eur

826 525,451

526,277

128,398 0 595

0

378,325

378,919

(As per statement 2)

Expenditure Salaries

262,511

189,008

Consultant

4,329

Contracts

11,006

3,117 0 7,924 0

Duty Travel

20,655

14,872

3,260

2,347

101,546

73,113 0

Expendable Equipment

9,128

6,572

Non-Expendable Equipment

1,118

805

Training General Operating Expenses

Total Expenditure

413,553

Balance as at 31 December 2009 Balance restated at UN Exchange rate of 31 December 2009

291,055

297,758

209,560 201,701

111

ORACLE CODE: TF-AGADD-TFAA970089122 Member Outstanding Governments 31/12/2008 ALBANIA 0.00 AUSTRIA 24.00 BELGIUM -45.34 BULGARIA 0.00 CYPRUS 7,060.00 CROATIA 2,609.00 CZECH REPUBLIC 0.00 DENMARK 0.00 FINLAND 27.00 FRANCE 0.00 GERMANY 0.00 GREECE 12,450.00 HUNGARY 0.00 ICELAND 11,860.00 IRELAND 0.00 ISRAEL 7,960.00 ITALY 76,646.08 LATVIA 0.00 LITHUANIA 0.00 LUXEMBOURG 0.00 FYR of MACEDONIA 0.00 MALTA 4,060.00 NETHERLANDS 0.00 NORWAY 0.00 POLAND 0.00 PORTUGAL 167.06 ROMANIA 0.00 SERBIA 0.00 SLOVAK REPUBLIC 0.00 SLOVENIA 0.00 SPAIN 0.00 SWEDEN 0.00 SWITZERLAND 4,660.44 TURKEY 20,700.00 UNITED KINGDOM 0.00 TOTALS

148,178.24

Contribution due for 2009 4,060.00 12,450.00 20,700.00 12,450.00 4,060.00 4,060.00 12,450.00 20,700.00 12,450.00 41,260.00 41,260.00 12,450.00 12,450.00 4,060.00 12,450.00 4,060.00 41,260.00 4,060.00 4,060.00 4,060.00 4,060.00 4,060.00 20,700.00 12,450.00 20,700.00 12,450.00 20,700.00 12,450.00 12,450.00 4,060.00 20,700.00 20,700.00 20,700.00 20,700.00 41,260.00

Received up to 31/12/2009

25,236.00 4,060.00 23,039.15 20,700.00 25,333.44 41,400.00 41,260.00

Outstanding 31/12/2009 4,060.00 24.00 20,654.66 0.00 11,120.00 2,609.00 0.00 20,700.00 12,477.00 378.98 0.00 24,900.00 0.00 15,920.00 28.00 0.00 28,916.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4,088.00 0.00 12,450.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12,450.00 -12,786.00 0.00 -2,339.15 0.00 27.00 0.00 0.00

532,950.00

525,450.52

155,677.72

12,450.00 12,450.00 4,060.00 12,450.00

40,881.02 41,260.00 0.00 12,450.00 12,422.00 12,020.00 88,989.85 4,060.00 4,060.00 4,060.00 4,060.00 4,032.00 20,700.00 20,700.00 12,617.06 20,700.00

112

M T F/ IN T / 004/M U L - T F numbe r 909700 FOOT AN D M OU T H D IS E AS E - E ME R GE N CY AID P R OGR AM ME Financial Report as at 31 December 2009 (Final) USD

USD

Ba la nce a s a t 1 Ja nua ry 2009 Interest received E xpe nditure Consultancy Duty travel Expendable Procurement Support Costs Total expenditure Ba la nce a s a t 31 D e ce mbe r 2009 Ba la nce re sta te d a t U N E xcha nge ra te of 31 D e ce mbe r 2009

Eur

Eur

45,770

32,954

161

116

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0

45,931

33,070 31,830

STATEMENT 4

113

M T F/ IN T /003/ E E C - T F numbe r 911100 FOOT AN D M OU T H D IS E AS E Financial Report as at 31 December 2009 (Final) USD

USD

Eur

Eur

895,449

Ba la nce a s a t 1 Ja nua ry 2009 Interest received Contribution received

1,275 0

644,723 0 0 0

E xpe nditure Salaries Professional

95

68

Consultancy

77,983

56,148

Contracts

94,455

68,008

208,633

150,216

29,874

21,509

General Operating Expenses

122,391

88,122

Expendable Equipment

552,739

397,972

Non-Expendable Equipment

7,184

5,172

General Overhead Expenses

272

196

51,072

36,772

Duty Travel Training

Support Costs 6% (on all items except expendable equipment) Less: Total Expenditure

1,144,698

824,183

Ba la nce a s a t 31 D e ce mbe r 2009

(247,974)

(178,541)

Ba la nce re sta te d a t U N E xcha nge ra te of 31 D e ce mbe r 2009

(171,846)

The Financial Statements of the Commission are maintained in US Dollars in accordance with the accounting policies and administrative systems of FAO. The amounts stated in Euros, including the opening balance, have been converted from US Dollars at the average monthly UN Operational Exchange Rates for 2009. The closing balance is restated at the UN Operational Exchange Rate on the date of the report. The average monthly UN Operational Exchange Rate applicable for the period to 31 December 2009 is USD 1: EUR 0.720. The UN Operational Exchange rate at 31 December 2009 is USD 1: EUR .0.693

114

STATEMENT

5

MT F/ IN T / 003/ E E C - T F numbe r 608868 EC Funde d Activitie s (200902013) ca rrie d out by the FAO E urope a n Commission for the Control of Foot-a nd-Mouth D ise a se (E U FM D ) - (Follow-up Pha se MT F/ IN T / 003/ E E C) Financial Report as at 31 December 2009 (Final) USD

USD

Ba la nce a s a t 1 Ja nua ry 2009 Interest received Contribution received

Eur

Eur

0

0

1,807 2,230,232

1,301 1,605,767

E xpe nditure Salaries Professional

0

0

7,507

5,405

212,263

152,829

Duty Travel

82,260

59,227

Training

35,642

25,662

General Operating Expenses

59,653

42,950

161,227

116,083

Non-Expendable Equipment

551

397

General Overhead Expenses

139

100

39,147

28,186

Consultancy Contracts

Expendable Equipment

Support Costs 7% Less: Total Expenditure Ba la nce a s a t 31 D e ce mbe r 2009

598,389

430,840

1,633,650

1,176,228

Ba la nce re sta te d a t U N Excha nge ra te of 31 D e ce mbe r 2009

1,132,119

The Financial Statements of the Commission are maintained in US Dollars in accordance with the accounting policies and administrative systems of FAO. The amounts stated in Euros, including the opening balance, have been converted from US Dollars at the at the average monthly UN Operational Exchange Rates for 2009. The closing balance is restated at the UN Operational Exchange Rate on the date of the report. The average monthly UN Operational Exchange Rate applicable for the period to 31 December 2009 is USD 1: EUR 0.720. The UN Operational Exchange rate at 31 December 2009 is USD 1: EUR 0.693.

115

Appendix 22

EuFMD Secretariat: Financing of an “Internship” program in support of EuFMD activities Keith Sumption, Secretary of the European Commission for Food & Mouth Disease

Issue The EuFMD Secretariat comprises two full time technical officers, a communication officer and one Clerk (a second Clerk will be recruited under the EC funded program).

There is considerable interest shown from member states and from outside of Europe from veterinarians to work upon issues relating to FMD management, and several enquiries about longer term training in emergency response and management of FMD have resulted from the EuFMD training program. Longer term attachments with the EuFMD Secretariat could benefit both the persons concerned and the Commission/member states, with the Intern/ trainee being given an opportunity to work on the key areas of : • • • • • •

FMD threat monitoring development of training program online materials and guidelines monitoring, surveillance and laboratory guidelines for the progressive control pathway emergency response to FMD – including simulation exercise manual research group – communication, development of concept notes and Sessions of the research group FMD impact assessment and management options

Proposal • to use the MTF/INT/011/MUL and MTF/INT/00/EEC Trust Funds to support veterinarians to work with EuFMD as “Interns”, to a maximum of 50,000 US$ per year (TOTAL)- from each Fund. The program could therefore support about 2 Interns from each Fund.

• the EC Fund would be used in support of Interns whose experience will contribute to actions financed by the EC, particularly the including the Real-time FMD Outbreak Training and in-country FMD management; • MTF/INT/011/MUL would be used to support interns in areas that have not yet been agreed with EC or which are not specifically covered by the EC Funded programme. The use of this Fund assumes that in 2010, savings in the travel budgetline will be sufficient to cover.

Modality The Secretariat would invite applications (announcements made every 6 months) for Internships from veterinary services of EuFMD member states via the CVO, and from neighbouring countries in the European region, and through the EuFMD website. The minimum Intern duration would be 3 months, maximum 11 months.

The funds would be used to support a modest living allowance (circa 2000 US per month) from the “travel budget line” . The “Internship” procedures of FAO would be followed for those under 30 years of age, or follow the FAO administrative guidelines for issuance of PSA Contracts if not.

A Selection Panel of the Secretary and Chairman of the Executive Committee would agree the Terms of Reference for each Internship position if there is significant interest/competition for places.

Review progress reports would be provided to the Executive Committee and the success of the Internship program reviewed at the 39th General Session in April 2011.

116

Risks The efforts associated with training interns should not be underestimated, and impact on the work of the Secretariat needs to be assessed after a year. Funds for living allowances may be insufficient to motivate better qualified persons to apply.

117

FAO HQ, ROME, 27-28 APRIL 2011

Report

39TH GENERAL SESSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR THE CONTROL OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE (EuFMD)