Foot-anJ-L:Iouth 1)i3c,w_o Situation in Eu.ropo Sinco tho Fifth 803::::ion of thu Gu1.-,1,1Lrnion, tho fcot-G.ncl•-moutL clis0as0 position in :Curo�)O has, or: the ·tw:i.:::: J continued to L:i:91°ove. Tabio I (soc p. 2) shoHs tho numbor of outbr--:,, .ks c,,cl:. :JontL during "1958 in tho 25 countries for r.rhich officio.l inforrn,:.-:;ior.. is o,vr.:iL:1bJc, In only sovon of tho ° cou::-itrios (Portuc;r-i.l, Spain ) ?1 :mco i Bo:..r;Lun, Go:;.·_;1a,n FoLi.oral RoJublic, I�aly and Turkey) has thcro boon a relatively hich inci�onco, altiou�1 in most, thoro was o steady docroaso osJuci2lly in tho later mo�th3 of tho year. In nine countries (1Jottorlands 1 ;}.7i tzorLmd 9 Grocco, Cz()C11oslovakici. 9 Rumania, Bulgaria, Unitad Kingdom, Flnland and Donr:,ark) tho nuc:ber oi' outbroaks was comparatively lm--r, In the romainin2; r.inu countrios (Luxembourg\ Austria, Yugoslavia, Poland, Hungary, Irolc.nd� Icolc.md 9 Norvra.y and Svrodon} ? no outbreaks wore rocordod. No official inforr:iation has boon av:i.ilablo from tho Systom::i.tic-vacoinaGorman Domocratic Ropublic 9 Sov;iot .E.ussia and Albania. tion has boon practised in tho Gorr.nm Democratic fo::pubJ.ic sinco 1951, rc.lsul ting in almost complete control of tho disoaso. Ko further inforoation has boon available fror.1 Sovlot Russia since last year v,hon it uas reported that tho disoaso was prosont in some of tho Central Asian Republics and in tb.o -Caucasian area. Thero is reason to boli·wo that· European Russia was practically froo from foot-and-�cuth disease. No reports of invasion of tho infection to neighbouring countries from Albania h1;,vc boon recorded a.nd from this cvidonc.o prosumably 9 foot-and-mouth disease is not present in Albania or tho disease, if prosent 9 is being satisfactorily controlled. 1
In Portugal an opizootic ,-rhich startod in May 1958 is still prosont but "1.:1s continued to abate since a peak occurred in October iVith some 1100 out;,.· breaks. Up to tho middle of Fobruary 1959, 3,906 farms in 17 of Portugal 1 s 18 districts 1,-rero inf'octod 7 but at that time tho disoaso was present in only 54 farms. Somo 22,000 susceptiblo animals -;;rcrc exposed to tho disease and 14,000 b0camo infected. Th·o mortdity ·,;ras 1 .15 percent. Tho infecting virus was shoun to bo typo A. Somo 90, 0-00 cc:1 t'tlo ( about 10 1�0rcont of tho tota,l cattlo po�Julation) r,oro vaccina tod, tho cost boing borne 'by the Govorm:ent of Portugal and import0d It is planned to sot up a now Govornmont laboratory in vaccine being used. -ortugal for tho production of fo.ot-::mu.-mouth di..:oaso v,1ccino. Tho situation in Spain h:u; i1:1·)r,:nr.;d to �1 considorablc o.xto:.1t, In_ 1958 j i;ho d.isoaso continu"d to bo pr,;soi:n. Outbreaks, hm·rovor 9 ciro still occurring sporndically in ccrtciin 2.roo.s, In Gclli cia o.11 cnttlo aro rogulc,rly vaccinatoe:.' this has also i�os;,lltod in a m.'.3.rkod. imJ)rovcr,1cmt in tho position in Portugal. In Franco� tho situation hns improved to a consid0rablc oxtont in 1958. The total nv.mbor of outbrco.ks in 1958 ·;ms 14 9 207 ns compnrod rvi th 99,424 in 1957� in 1958 tho disoaso occurred in only ono in ovory 144 farms ::cs compared Hith ono in ovory 40 fnrms in 1957, In 1958, ·,;rhilo tho outbreaks '.!Ore somo\7hat irrogular th:roughout the country, they consisted mainly in tuo groups concontratod in 20 dcpnrtmonts, tho Cantal group in tho southern part of
11 central Frenco, and the Orno-S,o.rtl:e c:eou�i in th-:: wostern p2:rt of' the country. Tho co1:troJ. moD,suros in FT,mce have '::io0n simiJ.ar to those adopted in previous years - sanitary noasur0s n�6 vaccina�ion, Threo d:i_fi'or:mt schor::1es of vaccination are 11ractisod:- (1) cowi)Ulsory vaccination i� soma doJartmonts o� frontiors 3 tho vaccine boing providod_froo of charge by tho Government- soma 100,000 animals woro vaccinated in 1958 under this scheme; (2) vol unt,�ry co-o1_)o.r.':'.tivo vaccination, brought into operation in i 958 g in this scheme trco Govornr,1·:mt subsidises tho cost of vaccine by 40 9ercont, providatl that at loast 60 porcont of tho cattle in a 11 communo 11 ::1ro vaccina tocl rmnually for five yoars: farmers 0111:.o J)articipatc in the scheme undertake to hav� t�� vaccination carried out and tho vaccine producing laboratories undertake to su�ply tho necessary a�ount of vaccine, priority being given if there is a rocrucloscenco of tho disoaso; in 1958, nearly fivo million cattle wore vaccinated under this scheme; \3) some far:rr..ors in regions throatc,1od by invasion of tho disease have thoir herds vaccinated, tho t=tal cost being borne by the farmers concerned� it is estimated that some 1,500 1 000 oatt:c havo boon vaccinated by such private arrangement. Tho total number of cattle vaccinatod in .F'ranco in 1958 was, therefore, about 6,500,000 i,a. about ono third of tho total cattle population. Trivalent vaccine (021 A5 and C) was used. Tho incider:.ce of now ou-':bi0 eaks cor:.tinues to bo roducsd in 1959� in Altr1ougl: tho January the total 1:umbor -,ms 511 and ir. }i'cbi-crnry, 577. distribution ro1�1ains il�rogular in 1959 and tho honviest :L:1.foction still occurs in ancl arouncl tho clepa:rtmGnt of C2�ri.tal 9 of th0 90 dopartmcnts in the country, in February 1959 some 20 vroro fr20 from tho disease and in some 40, tho disoaso was reported in only 1 - 5 farms.
Tho :position in foot-and-:i1oc.1.th disease in :s'ranco today, ir. a:i.1 Ilrobability due in a considorablo moasuro to tho op;;ra tion of the control neasuros no-vr being appliod 9 is oottor th2,n it has boon for somdthroo yoars boforo tho present epizootic started; and it would seem that tho end of tho opizootic is in SiCTht.
Table II Number of outbroaks of foot-and-mou-;;h clisoase from 1951 - 19.53 Yoar 195'1 1952 19:53 1954 i 955 1956 1957 1958
�,;o. of outbreaks 50?359 3,11.98 2 9 51�9 700 1 95 720
361 56<3
The r01)ros0:1t::ltiv.:. s of the countrL,s pr.;r.ont at t:'10 Sossion �;ctvo accounts of the prosont posi�ion of th0 disc�so in -;;hcir countrios. In Fortu�al t�crc \Jere 37 outbroaks a�( the incifcncc is sti�l duc:roasing. �r}:u cl;sc;T..,,,.u:."' fro1r� T'r2nc0 ;3tri.t;:,d t�1c.,t :3.11 ot1tt,r0n.lcs Y.�c:ro :oo\·I lio:ir_[; notif'i,Jd � In i�::;r·c'::i. ·�h0rc \:,-:;:re, 446 out·:1n),?Jrn. 1:1iL; :Ln 195(), Ernrnc 6 7 500 7 000 cattl2 ,.ror0 vaccL'1at0d, it is :-:oriccl tc j:'1cr.:.;;-,so tLis nw,f:,.:.;:- to 9 7 00:J, 000 in. 1959, i.o. 3bcut h�lf the c�tt:� po�ulation. Slaughtor of infcotod �nimals i8 still being carr:i.0d. ou-:. L:. I3.rittc:,,y ,:nc}. it :'c:, ir::.-;;.JncL:::cl to c:�t v nd ;3:J.a1�;}ct.:.,:"0 into nros.s -:,7}10i10 ir1t0:n.E;t�v�(�; ·v��cc�11�1ti.o:1. :i. to tho infuction.
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It ·.ms rc,:po::..'t'--':.l i:h,;,t :i.n I·t,c:;,ly tl>.c m.r.-,,-,)ors of outbrc:)ks in Jc.nLi:,ry 9 Fo1::rua:ry 1:x.d �12:rch 'i 959 '.;"/,_;ru 127/ri 1 ;:'17 enc: 1025 r0s_p,;ctiv;:J_y,; the) incroas.:.: clurini tho \7:.ntcrrnonths r,<�1icl1 occv..r ci:::j_r._l�y _:�!1 -::.�1--.:: T)o 'lctl1.Jy \-�':J.S f:::-u:r..d -..::Gel�: yc<1r \)uosuso of th.::. hocvy conco�tr��ion of cattle er;� incroascd Duat production. In 1958, 865 sclmph,s vor::; s'.lbj.::.ct,.:.d. to tJj):L::1g: 180 r,-...:,ro -'Jj' ?31 \.',);__'," o, .?.nd 127 ,-,,oro Cg ti- romu�ndor vore no�ativo. Austria has �oo� froo for �bout t�o years, duo to strict snnitary proc�utio11s 11co.2: tb.�_: f::70:i.i"t-iors. ��"11�; \..i .Cl1.�(½'atio:s of· .P-..t1;:;triD, utntod tl1s.t tJ-1:_..r,._) ..1-,roro goocl "'v�1..-:t-._,.ri11nrz� cc-r1t�::.ct£] -�-.r:i.t}:;. �P}·t(; 1atost r�y; Ilun;(��r1ie. :·_�nd ":CugosJ.��' -ia. ir;:'c:ior:,ntj_on fro;�: Rurnnnis, is tr�:,t t·,,c; clis(,:,so i::; no•.: con::'in.:.:d -:o tho Constc.mzci nror:,. ✓
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In �ho Dnitvd �in3do:n one outbreak hQs occurrod in 1959 up to tho ?rosont ti:nc. It n&s not:..:d thr,t trh? fao c-,,nc1-rnoutl1 d.ir,cr,so :·:oni ti on in t:1c 0�1storn ancl souti,.on: :1x::ct,s of �,1,:1'.hmcl r:;:C'J.:Jctcd tl:0 situ.-:ttion in -':;h;; cont:i.nontal countrL:rn no,n' rmd.. In 19513 tl-:.orc ·.:o:co no primc::i·y ov.t11ro:,k"; in th__, oastorn pc1:.:·i: oi.' t:·1'-' co:..mtry nhici:� could Ck, att:r:L tutc)d tcJ j_:'!.v,:;,sion f':com tl:io continent, duo,; j_t i:3 b,,li1..,vcd, ::o the com1x:1r 01·:.:iv.:.,ly loJ inciclonco h:: Dcnmc,rk 5 Eollcmd ? 1:;i1l� BolesiUlil boco,uso of th;; control �,1.,.,�\SUrv s ,,clo�;tod. On tl1c; ot}:or lFmd a numbor of pri□ary outbreaks occurrod in tho b nning of 1958 alon� tho scuti coast. It �as oasior tocausu of th0 control jJolicy in the Uni::od Kingtlc:n to discover thw origin oi outbreaks then in soso othor count::.·ios. SomcJ d:i.ff:Lcul tics 9 ho"7dC\T(... T' 9 ctrc 0nc0d r.:s fer � on on0 occasion thu fniJuro to difforcntiatJ b0�0uon foot rot in shoop nnd foot-nnd-�outh disoaso on t�u �nrt of R shepherd and th0 fnct that tio disoaso cnn bo trnnsmittod by hodgohogs. Tho nood for tl-_orougx; disinfeotion of L1:t·::.ctc;d prcr:;iE,0s ·,;o,s st:r:.;ssc:,d. · nn CXi.1lnplo of porsistont infection due to f�i�urs to dispose of nn infuctod ropo ��a m.:...::r1tion0d. 1, This is lrole.nd 11.z-�r.:: Q,._,0n fj_�,�;-.; 1.ror..1 :l.'co-c, ..-.:.:r1t_1--wouth cliac:1,:30 sj_i1co l�rg0ly duo to the strict control ��nsurus prnctisud in t�o Unitod Xingdom, tc tr1., o.d.:.:q-:.:wt_, c;_u2,I',1�1"::i.no 2:rrnnt;ur:10nts fer liY,,c::tcc:: i!1 tLo 1fait,)d ICingdom :::ml to t11u (\'ooc\ r,JJ.: :ti,m oi' the:; vo·c;_:;rin'":r;r :mtho:'.'i.tL,r; in th::: ·t;_;o countries. Irolnnd docs not import products of nnimal origin nn� t�!O only li\r0stocl-:::: 0r1to1:ir:.,g t�:.·�-.. cou:ctr�l co�1\.., �·roi·J t�·-·"-" TJni Tod �(i:1 ;,.�:�(l1.JT:1.
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